1G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Using Analog signals Listen to handset Frequency typically 150MHz & above

 Poor voice quality Poor battery life Large phone size No security Frequent call drops Limited capacity and poor handoff reliability.

2G phones using global system for mobile communications (GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for improved audio quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA were some of the 2G systems.

o o o o o o o

Phone calls/ Fax Voice mail Send/Receive e-mail messages web browsing camera phones speed: 64-144 kb/sec Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min

To meet the growing demand in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications , 3G standards started evolving. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video-calls and broadband wireless data , all in a mobile environment. The data are sent through the technology called Packet switching.Voice calls are interpreted through circuit switching.

3G technology has taken the gaming to the next level. Real-time multiplayer gaming is possible in 3G system. Innovative new services are being added by developer daily.

Not simply rebroadcast of TV or website. Enhanced existing service for mobile environment. Multi-faceted 24*7 access to multiple live streams , video , image & text content , voting , messaging. User interaction on multiple levels. Fully integrated in browser one click access.

Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere

One of the terms used to describe 4G is:

Mobile Multimedia Anytime Anywhere Global mobility Support Integrated wireless solution and Customized personal service.

Faster and more reliable 100 Mbps Lower cost than previous generations. Multi-standard wireless system - Bluetooth , Wifi Coverage of wide area. Wide Variety of services capability. Ad Hoc networking IPv6 core Potentially IEEE standards 802.11 Only packet switching used unlike previous generations. OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple access) and MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio technology.

For the customer

Video streaming , TV broadcast Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports Enhanced gaming , chat , location services

For Business
High speed Tele-working / VPN access Sales force automation Video conferencing Real-time financial information

Specifications
Frequency band
Band width

3G
1.5- 2.8 GHz
5-20 MHz

4G
2-8 GHz
5-20 MHz

Data rate Access

FEC Switching Top speeds

upto 2 Mbps wideband CDMA

Turbo codes Circuit/ Packet 200kmph

20 Mbps or more Multi-carrier-CDMA or OFDM(TDMA)

concatenated codes Packet 200kmph

ADVANTAGES OF 4G
High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any technology. Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost. Higher bandwidth , tight network security.

DISADVANTAGES OF 4G
The equipment required to implement a next generation network is still very expensive. Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that expenses are kept realistic.

CDMA (1XEV-DO) Korea: SKT, KTF Japan:AV(KDDI) WCDMA / UMTS Japan: NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone KK Australia:3Hutchinson Hongkong:3Hutchinson

EC-VII th Sem
Khatri M.Vasim GEC, Surat