Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A) Identifying problems
Scientists identify problems through observations
B) Identifying Variables Variables Factors that we can change or manipulate when carrying out scientific investigation. Three types of variables are a) Constant variable ( CV) / Fixed Variable : Variable that is kept constant ( not change) b) Manipulated variable (MV) : Variable that being studied c) Responding Variable (RV) : Variable that changes or reacts as a result of changes in the MV
C) Making hypothesis A hypothesis : general statement show the relationship between manipulated variable (MV) and responding variable (RV) Not necessarily correct, must be tested through experiment. Example : The longer the thread, the longer the period of oscillations.
D ) Planning Investigations To determine : a) The apparatus and materials needed b) Any safety measures and precaution to be taken c) The technique or procedure for the experiment d) Data collection and analysis E) Carrying Out Investigations The apparatus, materials and specimens used must be handled correctly and safely Experiment should be carried out according to the procedures planned
F) Collecting data
The results of the experiment are known as data Data can be presented in a table, graph, histogram or chart. Example :
manipulated variable
10 20 7 10
30 12
40 14
H) Making conclusions
Conclusion in the form of a statement about the result of the scientific investigation on a hypothesis
I)
Writing A report
A report must include the following aspects
Aim / objective Problem statement Hypothesis Variables Apparatus and materials Procedure Results Discussion Conclusion
Exercise 1.1
Fill in the blanks with suitable words 1. _______ method is the method conducted according to proper and systematic regulations and principles of science. 2. _______ is the condition or factor that can be changed in a scientific investigation. 3. _______ is the process of making a general statement about the relationship between the variables which are manipulated and those which respond. 4. There are three types of variable, i.e. variable that _______, ___________ and _________ 5. ________ is a step in scientific investigation method to treat information by elaborating them in detail.