TENSION MEMBERS

Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras

2
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
Introduction

Behaviour of Tension Members
Plates Under Tension
Threaded Rods
Angles Under Tension

Code Provisions

Summary
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
3
Tension Members in Buildings
suspenders
(b) Suspended Building
tie
(a) Roof Truss
rafter
(c) Roof Purlin System
purlin
Sag rod
Top chord
(d) Braced frame
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
4
INTRODUCTION
Characteristics
Members Experience
Axial force
Stretching
Uniform stress over the cross section

Very Efficient Member
Strength governed by the material strength
Bolt holes affect the strength
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
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INTRODUCTION
Built up sections
Angle Double Angle
Channel
Rod
Cable

Cross Sections Used for Tension Members
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
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BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Material Properties
Mild Steel
High Strength Steel
T
o
a
b
c
d
e
f
y

0.2%
Yield Plateau
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
7
BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Plates with a Hole
(a) Elastic
(b) Elasto-Plastic
(c) Ultimate
o
u

o
y
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
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BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Plates with Holes (Cl 6.3)
(b)
(a)
(c)
P = pitch
g = gauge
1
1
4 p
g
2
3
b
d
Case a: Net Area: = t (b - 2*d)
Case b: Net Area: = t (b d)
Case c: t (b - 2*d)<Area< t (b d)

Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
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BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
Plates with Holes








A
n
= [ b n d + E(p
2
/ 4 g)]t
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
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BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION
ANGLES Eccentrically Loaded Through Gussets
Gusset plate
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
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Revised IS 800:2007
SECTION 6 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
6.1 Tension Members
6.2 Design Strength due to Yielding of Gross Section
6.3 Design Strength due to Rupture of Critical Section
6.3.1 Plates
6.3.2 Threaded Rods
6.3.3 Single Angles
6.3.4 Other Sections
6.4 Design Strength due to Block Shear
6.4.1 Plates
6.4.2 Angles
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
12
6.1 Tension Members
The factored design tension T, in the members T < T
d

6.2 Design Strength due to Yielding of Gross Section
The design strength of members under axial tension T
dg
, T
dg
= f
y
A
g
/
m0

mo
= 1.1
6.3 Design Strength due to Rupture of Critical Section
6.3.1 Plates The design strength in tension of a plate, T
dn
,
T
dn
=0.9 f
u
A
n
/
m1

m1
= 1.25

A
n
= Cont
t
g
p
nd b
i
i
i
h
(
(

+

4
2
Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
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6.3.2 Threaded Rods
The design strength of threaded rods in tension, T
dn
,
T
dn
=0.9 f
u
A
n
/
m1
Ultimate elastic
elastic -
Plastic
d
root
d
gross

f < f
y
f
y
f
u
Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
14
6.3.3 Single Angles The design strength, T
dn,
as governed
by tearing
T
dn
=

0.9

f
u
A
nc
/
m1
+| A
go
f
y
/
m0
| = 1.4 0.076 (w/t) (f
u
/f
y
) (b
s
/L ) [ 1.4-0.52(b
s
/L)]
Alternatively, the tearing strength of net section may be
taken as
T
dn
= o A
n
f
u
/
m

Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
15
Fig. 6.2 Angles with end connections
b
s
=w

w
w
w
1
b
s
=w+w
1

Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
16
6.4 Design Strength due to Block Shear
6.4.1 Plates The block shear strength, T
db
, of connection shall be taken as the
smaller of
T
db
= ( A
vg
f
y
/(\3
m0
) + f
u
A
tn
/
m1
)
or
T
db
= ( f
u
A
vn
/(\3
m1
) + f
y
A
tg
/
m0
)
Fig 6.2 Block Shear Failure of Plates
1
2
4
3
1 2
3
Fig 6.3 Block Shear Failure of Angles
4
Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
17
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
Efficiency
q = P
t
/(A
g
* f
y
/
M0
)
Design Steps
A
n
= P
t
/ (f
u
/
M1
)
A
g
= P
t
/ (f
y
/
M0
)
Choose a trial section
Analyse for its strength
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
18
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
Stiffness Requirements
Designed for compression under
stress reversal /r < 250

Not designed for compression under
stress reversal /r < 350

Members under tension only /r < 400

Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
19
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
Summary

Efficient load carrying members

Efficiency may reduce due to
bolt holes
shear lag
block shear
Dr S R Satish Kumar IIT Madras
20
www.steel-insdag.org
Dr S R Satish Kumar
Asso. Professor & Head,
Structural Engineering Laboratory,
Dept. of Civil Engineering,
IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036.
sr.satishkumar@gmail.com