are raw uninterrupted facts that are without meaning. must be processed and organized.

Sorting Classifying Summarizing Calculating

is an organized collection of related data. Factors in Finding Information in Databases:

How the data are named (indexed) & organized The size & complexity of the database The type of data w/in the database The methodology/tools used to search the database

are used to process data & produce information.

Manual Information System Human Information System Human Brain

1) Computer-Based Data Types

Alphanumeric data include letters & numbers in any combination; the number in an alphanumeric field cannot perform numeric function. MEMO is a specific type of alphanumeric data with increased spaces & decreased indexing options. NUMERIC DATA are used to perform numeric functions including adding, subtracting, multiplying & dividing. LOGIC DATA are data limited to two options.

2) Conceptual Data Types

Reflect how users view the data. Based on the source of data. Based on the event that the data are attempting to capture.

are computer programs used to input, store, modify, process & access data in a database. DATABASE SYSTEM DESIGN is a process of configuring the database software to enter the project into the computer. 3 Interacting Parts of a Functioning DBMS: Data DBMS configured software program Query language

Decrease data redundancy Increase data consistency Improve access to all data Data is never repeated

ID 01 02 03 04

F-NAME Jhonee Leslie Charise Gayle Lazo

L-NAME Atendido Benicta Corpuz

ADDRESS-1 Abra Sto. Domingo Sta. Maria San Vicente

Field each of the blocks or cells in the table. Field Name the top row lists. Usually reflect the type of data that are stored in the related fields. Field Attribute is the specific datum for that field for that record. Record represents each row. File constitute all the records in the table. It is a set of related records that have the same data fields.

A database is made up of files, files are made up of records, records are made up of fields, and fields contain data.

PROCESSING FILES
Executable Files consist of a computer program or set of instructions. Command Files set of instructions that perform a set of functions as opposed to running a whole program. Batch File contains a set of operating system commands.

DATA FILES

contain data that have been captured & stored on a computer using a software program.

provides access to both the data in the database & to the interrelationship within & between the various data elements.

Three Views or Models of the Data Elements

is the wish list of requirements that the user will have for the database.

Users View

Logical View Physical View

includes a diagram & narrative description of the data elements, their attributes, & the relationships between the data. the structure of the whole database in terms of the attributes of the entities relationships, constraints, & operation.

includes each of the data elements & the relationship between the data elements, as they will be physically stored on the computer.

4 Primary Approaches:
HIERARCHICAL - all access to data starts at the top of the hierarchy or at the door. - represents one-to-many relationships NETWORK MODEL - represents many-to-many relationships RELATIONAL DATABASE MODELS - consist of a series of files set up as tables. - joins any two or more files & generates a new file from the records that meet the matching search criteria. OBJECT-ORIENTED MODEL - the data definition includes both the object and its attribute.

1. INITIATION occurs when a need or problem is identified & the development of a DBMS is seen as a potential solution. 2. PLANNING & ANALYSIS begins with an assessment of the users view & the development of the conceptual model.

1. IMPLEMENTATION includes training the users, testing the system, developing a procedure manual for use of the system, piloting the DBMS, & finally going alive.

2. EVALUATION & MAINTENANCE initial or early evaluations may have limited value. first evaluations should be informal & focus more on troubleshooting specific problems.
3. COMMON DATABASE OPERATIONS includes data input, data processing & data output. 4. DATA INPUT OPERATIONS used to enter new data, update data in the system, or change/modify data in the DBMS. 5. DATA OUTPUT OPERATIONS includes online & writtem reports.

DATA

INFORMATION

KNOWLEDGE

WISDOM

THANKS FOR LISTENING!

And Sleeping! Have a Good Day!!