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Ibogaine Found in a West African plant Tabernanthe iboga. Used in Bwiti religion
Gabons first President, Leon Mba was Bwitist and defended T. iboga use in French colonial courts.
Scientific literature for fifty years described the plant as 1m - 2m in height but, examples exist in the forest 5m in height (Omboue)
Chemical formula
C20H26N2O
Mol. Wt.
Melting Point
310.42
152-153
Molecular structure
Background: Ibogaine
Botanical source Tabernanthe iboga. Used for 100s of years in African medicine and religion, particularly in Gabon by Bwiti 1901 ibogaine isolated by Dybowski and Landrin 1958 molecular structure determined Bartlett et al.
Ibogaine:
Ibogaine:
Preclinical Studies
Self-Administration studies
Additional research supports Dr. Dzoljics findings. Dr. Stanley D. Glick at Albany Medical College begins the publication of what will become dozens of research
papers showing reduction in drug use and withdrawal.
Neurotoxicity questions
Xu et al. accomplished research in part at the National Center for Toxicological Research an FDA laboratory. The research demonstrated no neurotoxicity in rats at 25 mg/kg.
Other research indicated no evidence of neurotoxicity in the primate and mouse, and postmortem neuropathological examination in a woman treated with up to 30 mg/kg.
Ibogaine: Multiple mechanisms of action & receptor system effects where drugs of abuse also show activity
Dopamine Opiate Serotonin NMDA (N-methyl-Daspartic acid)
These systems define the pharmacology of human behavior, affecting pain, pleasure, anxiety and depression as well as, neuron growth with an inherent impact on memory and learning.
In 2004, in support of clinical studies NIDA makes available a Drug Master File (DMF) provided to FDA comprising 16 volumes of data of approximately 4,000 pages.
Partial list of broad-ranging studies in FDA Drug Master File (DMF) included in the 16 volumes of data submitted by US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) for ibogaine.
Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ibogaine HCl in Rats. 32 Day Range-Finding Study of Ibogaine in Rats. Dose Response Neurotoxicity Study of Ibogaine in Rats. Dose Response Effect of Ibogaine on Analgesia and Mortality in Morphine-Dependent Rats. Pharmacokinetic Studies of Treatment Drugs Ibogaine. 14 Day Dose Range-Finding Toxicity Study of Ibogaine HCl in Dogs. Acute Neurotoxicity Study of Ibogaine HCl in Dogs. Salmonella/Mammalian-Microsome Plate Incorporation Mutagenicity Assay (AMES Test). L5178Y/TK +/- Moue Lymphoma Mutagenesis Assay
Ibogaine Advantages
1. Ibogaine significantly reduces withdrawal
Ibogaine:
2. Cognitive evaluation
8 - 20 hours
3. Residual stimulation
12 - 72 hours
Side-effects
Ibogaine:
Copyright 1973
Stigma
A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality or person: for instance the stigma of chemical dependence.
1. Medical model (824) 2. Lay provider/treatment guide (1213) 3. Activist/self-help (200) 4. Religious/spiritual (1177)
1. Total = 3414 (ca. 2006) 2. Substance-related disorders = 68% 3. Opioid withdrawal = 53%
Taking the hidden population estimates (20% - 30%) into account allow an estimated range of approximately 4300-4900 individuals who took ibogaine or iboga alkaloids outside of Africa as of February 2006.
Ibogaine science continues to grow providing 100s of peer reviewed scientific papers