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AUTOMATED CAR PARKING MONITORING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

Conventionally, car parking systems does not have any intelligent monitoring system. Parking lots are monitored by human beings. All vehicles enter into the parking and waste time for searching for parking slot. Sometimes it creates blockage. Condition become worse when there are multiple parking lanes and each lane have multiple parking slots. Use of automated system for car parking monitoring will reduce the human efforts. Display unit is installed on entrance of parking lot which will show LEDs for all Parking slot and for all parking lanes. Empty slot is indicated by the respective glowing LED.

DESCRIPTION

1)We are going to use Infra Red transmitters and Receivers for each parking slot. 2)The IR Receivers are connected to AVR microcontroller. IR rays are obstructed when a car is parked in any parking slot. Thus AVR will come to know that which slot is empty and which slot is full.

DESCRIPTION

3) For transmitter section we are going to use IR LEDs driven by a 555 timer IC. Timer IC will generate a frequency of 38 KHz, which will be given to IR LEDs.

4)We will also implement a system so that only authorised person can park their vehicles.For this we use RFID technolgy,the user will show the RFID tag then only he is allowed to enter the parking.

LAYOUT

RFID CIRCUIT AND VOLTAGE CONVERTER

TECHNOLOGY AND COMPONENTS USED


RFID IR sensors Stepper Motors Microcontroller LCD Display LED Power supply unit

RFID: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

RFID = Radio Frequency IDentification.

An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that:

uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track..

Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item. Performs the operation using low cost components. Attempts to provide unique identification and backend integration that allows for wide range of applications.

Other ADC technologies: Bar codes, OCR.

RFID SYSTEM COMPONENTS


RFID 2005 10

RFID Reader

RFID Tag

RF Antenna

Network

Ethernet

Workstation

RFID TAGS: SMART LABELS


A paper label with RFID inside
RFID 2005

11

an antenna, printed, etched or stamped ... and a chip attached to it

on a substrate e.g. a plastic foil ...

SOME RFID TAGS

RFID TAGS
Tags can be attached to almost anything: Items, cases or pallets of products, high value goods vehicles, assets, livestock or personnel Passive Tags Do not require power Draws from Interrogator Field Lower storage capacities (few bits to 1 KB) Shorter read ranges (4 inches to 15 feet) Usually Write-Once-Read-Many/Read-Only tags Cost around 25 cents to few dollars Active Tags Battery powered Higher storage capacities (512 KB) Longer read range (300 feet) Typically can be re-written by RF Interrogators Cost around 50 to 250 dollars

RFID TAG MEMORY

Read-only tags

Tag ID is assigned at the factory during manufacturing


Can never be changed No additional data can be assigned to the tag

Write once, read many (WORM) tags

Data written once, e.g., during packing or manufacturing


Tag is locked once data is written Similar to a compact disc or DVD

Read/Write

Tag data can be changed over time

Part or all of the data section can be locked

RFID READERS

Reader functions:

Remotely power tags Establish a bidirectional data link Inventory tags, filter results Communicate with networked server(s) Can read 100-300 tags per second

Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such as

Entrance/exit Point of sale

Readers can also be mobile/hand-held

RFID ADVANTAGES OVER BAR-CODES


No line of sight required for reading Multiple items can be read with a single scan

Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write) Individual items identified and not just the category

Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetime Active tags can be read from great distances

Can be combined with barcode technology

RFID COMMUNICATIONS
RFID 2005

Power from RF field Reader->Tag Commands

Reader Antenna

17

Reader Tag->Reader Responses

Tags RFID Communication Channel

ANTENNA FIELDS: PROPAGATION COUPLING


IC or microprocessor

Transceiver Tag Reader


antenna

RFID Tag

antenna

OPERATIONAL FREQUENCIES
Frequency Ranges Typical Max Read Range (Passive Tags) Tag Power Source Data Rate Ability to read near metal or wet surfaces LF 125 KHz
Shortest 1-12

HF 13.56 MHz
Short 2-24 Generally passive tags only, using inductive or capacitive coupling Moderate

UHF 868 - 915 MHz


Medium 1-10 Active tags with integral battery or passive tags using capacitive storage, E-field coupling Fast

Microwave 2.45 GHz & 5.8 GHz


Longest 1-15 Active tags with integral battery or passive tags using capacitive storage, E-field coupling Faster

Generally passive tags only, using inductive coupling Slower

Better Access Control & Security Identifying widgets through manufacturing processes or in harsh environments Ranch animal identification Employee IDs

Moderate

Poor

Worse

Applications

Library books Laundry identification Access Control Employee IDs

supply chain tracking Highway toll Tags

Highway toll Tags Identification of private vehicle fleets in/out of a yard or facility Asset tracking

IR SENSORS

IR SENSOR PAIR
IR sensor Pair Object / Line

Transmitter (Tx)

Receiver (Rx)

Transmitter = LED (Light Emitting Diode) Receiver = Photodiode

IR LED
Similar to normal LEDs but emit infra-red light Glow can be seen with a digital camera or mobile phone camera.

TRANSMITTER RECEIVER PAIR

INTERFACING IR SENSOR WITH ATMEGA16


0 1 2 Port A

Out: 1
Out: 0

A T M E G A

In

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

SENSOR CONNECTOR ON BOARD


Vcc GND O/p

BENEFITS OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM


Possible jams are avoided, specially in rush hour with significant vehicle traffic that may even collapse the parkings entrance Makes management easy, thanks to its user -friendly application, that allows directing traffic to any area and know the situation of the garage at any given time (real time or historical). Personnel may work on other things, without having to devote most of their time to finding out the parkings situation.

Reduces pollution within the parking space: cars drive through less, which means less gas emissions. Therefore, AC systems are used less as well.

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