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INTRODUCTION
Conventionally, car parking systems does not have any intelligent monitoring system. Parking lots are monitored by human beings. All vehicles enter into the parking and waste time for searching for parking slot. Sometimes it creates blockage. Condition become worse when there are multiple parking lanes and each lane have multiple parking slots. Use of automated system for car parking monitoring will reduce the human efforts. Display unit is installed on entrance of parking lot which will show LEDs for all Parking slot and for all parking lanes. Empty slot is indicated by the respective glowing LED.
DESCRIPTION
1)We are going to use Infra Red transmitters and Receivers for each parking slot. 2)The IR Receivers are connected to AVR microcontroller. IR rays are obstructed when a car is parked in any parking slot. Thus AVR will come to know that which slot is empty and which slot is full.
DESCRIPTION
3) For transmitter section we are going to use IR LEDs driven by a 555 timer IC. Timer IC will generate a frequency of 38 KHz, which will be given to IR LEDs.
4)We will also implement a system so that only authorised person can park their vehicles.For this we use RFID technolgy,the user will show the RFID tag then only he is allowed to enter the parking.
LAYOUT
uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track..
Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item. Performs the operation using low cost components. Attempts to provide unique identification and backend integration that allows for wide range of applications.
RFID Reader
RFID Tag
RF Antenna
Network
Ethernet
Workstation
11
RFID TAGS
Tags can be attached to almost anything: Items, cases or pallets of products, high value goods vehicles, assets, livestock or personnel Passive Tags Do not require power Draws from Interrogator Field Lower storage capacities (few bits to 1 KB) Shorter read ranges (4 inches to 15 feet) Usually Write-Once-Read-Many/Read-Only tags Cost around 25 cents to few dollars Active Tags Battery powered Higher storage capacities (512 KB) Longer read range (300 feet) Typically can be re-written by RF Interrogators Cost around 50 to 250 dollars
Read-only tags
Read/Write
RFID READERS
Reader functions:
Remotely power tags Establish a bidirectional data link Inventory tags, filter results Communicate with networked server(s) Can read 100-300 tags per second
Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write) Individual items identified and not just the category
Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetime Active tags can be read from great distances
RFID COMMUNICATIONS
RFID 2005
Reader Antenna
17
RFID Tag
antenna
OPERATIONAL FREQUENCIES
Frequency Ranges Typical Max Read Range (Passive Tags) Tag Power Source Data Rate Ability to read near metal or wet surfaces LF 125 KHz
Shortest 1-12
HF 13.56 MHz
Short 2-24 Generally passive tags only, using inductive or capacitive coupling Moderate
Better Access Control & Security Identifying widgets through manufacturing processes or in harsh environments Ranch animal identification Employee IDs
Moderate
Poor
Worse
Applications
Highway toll Tags Identification of private vehicle fleets in/out of a yard or facility Asset tracking
IR SENSORS
IR SENSOR PAIR
IR sensor Pair Object / Line
Transmitter (Tx)
Receiver (Rx)
IR LED
Similar to normal LEDs but emit infra-red light Glow can be seen with a digital camera or mobile phone camera.
Out: 1
Out: 0
A T M E G A
In
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Reduces pollution within the parking space: cars drive through less, which means less gas emissions. Therefore, AC systems are used less as well.