DYNAMICS OF POPULATION EDUCATION

Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies short-term and long-term changes in the size and age composition of populations Population dynamics deals with the way populations are affected by birth and death rates, and by immigration and emigration, and studies topics such as ageing populations or population decline. Demography - vital statistics about people, such as births and deaths

Population Education: Definition

An educational program, which provides for the study of the population in relation to the family, the nation and the world with the purpose of developing the rational and responsible attitude and behavior.

1. AFFECTS OF WORLD WAR-II ON POPULATION

Developing countries Poverty, Illiteracy, Economic problems, over population Developed countries Urbanization, industrialization, pollution, negative Population growth

2. POPULATION CHANGING FACTORS

Birth Death Migration & others Fertility, mortality, Marriages, divorce

3. POPULATION STUDY IS CONCERNED

Collection of data (all above) Analysis of data ( all above) Interpretation of data Then long term and short term plans are initiated

Different questions relating to population required careful objectives and systematic study of the population Population policies are based on some of the important questions.

Important Questions
Is population growing larger. ? Is population becoming smaller or remaining constant. ? What are ages and sexes of population. ? Are people shifting from rural to urban areas.? What are the proportions of single, married, widowed or divorced people What are the current trends in marital status. ? Will immigration remain at the same level. ? Are we having fewer or more children and how this will affect the future.? Will we need more homes , doctors and edul instts (kinds).?

IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF POPULATION

Size (No. of people who live in a given area of country) Factors affecting population Births, Deaths, Migrations Composition( all the measurable characteristics of people of given area of country Characteristics of population composition: age, gender, Distribution ( peoples who live in urban and rural areas, their ages, Gender, income, education and other factors)

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Date is usually based on two major information about individual (s): 1. Characteristics of age, sex, residence and events 2. Information about rate of births, deaths, marriages, divorces Census method (official) Enumeration of the total population at a given point of time Collecting, compiling, publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining to specific time

 Registration method (official)

Traditional method, records of births, deaths, marriages, divorces etc. by the government agencies. In many countries registration is necessary and for getting citizenship rights/employment/social security

Special sample survey

Sample of the population, Quick and less expensive method

Reports
The reports of different agencies, UNO, USA etc. on annual basis. PRB, NIPS, UNFPA

BASIC CONCEPTS
Population Change: Changes in the size of population (+ or -) Changes in the growth of population: Fertility (birth rate) 20 per 1000 Mortality (death rate) 15 per 1000 and Migration Rate of Change refers to natural increase + net migration The difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate is called rate of natural increase difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided (usually) per 1,000 inhabitants

Natural increase= Births__ Deaths (200-80)

If No. of deaths greater than number of birth then N.I is expressed =(-)

Population Growth= Natural increase + Net migration

=Births- Deaths+ In migration- out Migration)

Birth rate + Total No. of Births x 1000

Total Population Crude birth rate - number of births per year per thousand people Crude death rate- number of deaths per year per thousand people

Population change and economic change

Pic-1 population more than resources. Resources unable to absorb large number of people hence thee is unemployment and poverty Pic-2 Population as asset , vital factor in development process. Hr of a country can play vital role in over all economic development

 FERTILITY (No. of children per woman) Measurement: Average no. of children born by a woman FERTILITY RATE average number of children per 1000 women of child bearing age 15-44)
FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY Decrease in Mortality lowers fertility Age at marriage : lower age longer reproductive period Women Education: highly educated women prefer small family and has lower fertility rate than lower educated women Fertility and social economic status: high socio economic status (+, -) Fertility and Rural Urban Distribution; (+, -)

Mortality
Mortality: No. of deaths among the components of population. Important role in population growth. Decline of mortality due to many factors.(D, UD) Factors of high mortality in past: Food shortage, Epidemics, War Losses, Poor conditions of living etc. Factors of decline in mortality in developed countries
Eco development, sanitary reforms, pub health measures, soc reforms, adv: in medicines

Infant Mortality: death of children before 1 year of age. These deaths are being decreased..(D, UD)

Migration
Migration: vague term different meanings,
(Gen: mobility that involves change of residence between defined political/geographical areas, or between residence areas of different types) Migration is movement from one place to another with or outside the country UNESCO: mig is movement from one region to another for the purpose of settlement. Types: Internal and International Migration

How it is measured
In migrants A to B (B in migrants) Out migrants A to B (A out migrants) In and out migrants within the country Net migration= in-migrants - out-migrants More in migration is express (+) and more out migration is expressed (-) These 2 types of migrations have no affect on countrys population size, change but is concerned with population distribution/urbanization etc. External Migration: Movement from one to other country Emigration: examples Immigrants:..

Factors of migration
Push Factors: Problems , lack of basic facilities,
Educational facilities

Pull Factors: Opportunities, facilities

Trend: R/U mig (15/34 yrs, edu, employment) R/U more educated people, Male migrants Others, economic, social, geographical, political, religious factors

Overpopulation
Ratio of population to available resources Over population (10, facilities to 9 then it is over) Over population (10, facilities to 10 then no over)

Causes of Overpopulation
High birth rate Decline in death rate Improved medical facilities Illiteracy Conservative philosophy of family life Joint family system

Over Population Trains

Affects of Over Population

Lowers per capita income, pressure on land, dependency ratio increase, reduction of productivity, Reduce productivity of labor due to under nourishment

Increase unproductive expenditure and the volume of savings declines, Creates unemployment, under employment and wastage of human resources, Increase the poverty, depletion of natural resources, high mortality, malnutrition, poor diet, reduce life expectancy, over utilization of infrastructure
Causes higher land prices

Suggestions
Reduction of birth rates/accelerating rate of economic development Control birth rate, Family planning compaign

 Zeero Population: deaths and births rates are equal ( no increase or decrease in population) Negative Population/under population If birth rates less than death rate

Population, 2011 and 2050

China 1,346 India 1,241 United States 312 Indonesia 238 Brazil 197 Pakistan 177 Nigeria 162 Bangladesh 151 Russia 143 Japan 128 1. India 1,692 2. China 1,313 3. Nigeria 433 4. United States 423 5. Pakistan 314 6. Indonesia 309 7. Bangladesh 226 8. Brazil 223 9. Ethiopia 174 10. Philippines 150