Chapter 15 - Energy

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15.1 Energy and Its Forms

Energy is the ability to do work. Work is the transfer of energy

Work = force x distance The unit for work and energy is the Joule.

Relationship between work and energy.

When work is done on an object, energy is transferred to that object.

2 types of Mechanical Energy

Kinetic Energy (KE) Energy of motion

KE = mv2Work problems on notes

Potential Energy (PE) stored energy as a result of position or shape

Gravitational Potential Energy depends on height

GPE = mgh (mass x 9.8 m/s2 x height)

Elastic Potential Energy PE of an object that is stretched or compressed Work problem on notes

Forms of Energy

Mechanical Energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects

Sum of KE and PE ME=KE + PE

Thermal Energy total KE and PE of all the microscopic particles in an object

The greater the thermal energy, the faster the atoms move, the warmer the object is

Chemical Energy energy stored in chemical bonds

Energy released when bonds are broken can do work

Electrical Energy energy associated with electric charges

Electromagnetic Energy form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves

Ex. Visible light, x-rays, gamma rays

Nuclear energy- energy stored in atomic nuclei

Produced by fission and fusion

Section 1 Assessment Activities

Quick Lab p. 450: Investigating Elastic Potential Energy Section 1 Assessment Questions 1-9 p. 452

15.2 Energy Conversion and Conservation

Energy Conversion changing energy from one form to another Law of Conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed

What accounts for inefficiency in machines: Friction

3 Examples of energy conversions: Catapult: Potential energy kinetic energy Coal Power Plant: Chemical energythermal energy-electric energy Photosynthesis: Electromagneticchemical energy

Equation for Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

(KE + PE)beginning = (KE + PE)end *Math Lab p. 458: Work 4 Problems in the notes Einsteins Theory of Relativity: Energy is released as matter is destroyed, and matter can be created from energy. E=mc2 Energy = mass times speed of light squared.

Section 2 Assessment Activities

Quick Lab p. 454: Exploring Energy Conversion Section Assessment Questions 1-10 p. 459 Lab p. 467 Investigating a Spring Clip

15.3 Energy Resources

Nonrenewable energy resources

Exist in limited quantities Once used, cannot be replaced except over millions of years Oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium are nonrenewable Oil, coal, and natural gas (fossil fuels)

Renewable Energy Resources

Can be replaced in a relatively short period of time The worlds largest source of energy in 2000 is petroleum.

The percentage used in 2000 was 86%.

Hydroelectric Energy

Energy obtained from flowing water Water flows downhill converting GPE into KE, water turns turbines that are connected to generators

Solar Energy

Sunlight that is converted into useable energy

Passive use sunlight to heat a building no machinery Active sunlight heats collection plates through which water flows

Geothermal Energy

Thermal energy beneath earths surface

Can be used to generate electricity in some areas, usually near volcanoes

Biomass Energy

Chemical energy stored in living things.

Can be converted directly into thermal energy

Conserving Energy

Turn lights and appliances off that you arent using. Set your thermostat to a lower temperature in winter and higher temperature in summer. Use fluorescent light bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs. Buying a more fuel efficient car. Only running dishwasher, washing machine and dryer when there is a full load.

Section 3 Assessment Activities

Data Analysis p. 153 Section Assessment 1-6 p. 466 CBL Lab: Absorption of Radiant Energy