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In some engines such as long and superlong stroke engines, the piston is not directly connected to the crank pin via a connecting rod.
The piston has a piston rod extending from the bottom of the piston.
The piston rod is then connected to the connecting rod at the crosshead bearing. The crosshead bearing has a to and fro motion and therefore a continuous hydrodynamic film cannot form. Therefore oil has to be pumped to the crosshead bearing at a predetermined pressure in order to take the loads of compression and combustion. The crosshead is connected to the crank pin via a connecting rod.
Crosshead, crosshead bearing (reciprocating) Oil pumped at a certain pressure Crank pin, bottom end bearing (rotatory motion) Web
Connecting rod
Cylinder liner
Compression rings Scraper rings Piston
Gudgeon pin
Oil
Web
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Piston rod
Telescopic pipes (one moves inside the other)
CROSSHEAD LUBRICATION
Movement of crosshead
Journal bearing
Journal
Bearing
Oil supply
The journal bearing may undergo hydrodynamic lubrication or a combination of hydrodynamic and hydrostatic (externally pressurized) lubrication. The oil supply may be from any one or number of positions, depending on the design.
Gudgeon pin
Journal
Lubrication system
TG- Temperature gauge PG- Pressure gauge
TG PG
ENGINE
Shaft
Bearings
PG
Cooler
TG PG
Storage tank
Pump
Filter
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Engine sump
ENGINE Shaft Bearing Connection for filling the tank Pump Storage tank/sump strainer
The storage tank usually forms the bottom-most compartment of the engine.
It is also sometimes known as the sump. Oil from the sump is usually transported to the bearings by an engine driven pump or an independently electric motor driven pump that transports the oil to the journal bearings. Through passages drilled in the crank shaft and webs, it is transported to the crank pin. Usually a strainer is provided on the suction side of the pump to prevent large contaminant particles from damaging the pump and bearings.
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Water in
Water out
PG
TG
Oil out In this case, cooling water flows through the tubes. Oil flows in the shell around the tubes and passes the heat to the water. The in/out temperatures of the oil and water are to be monitored. Oil pressure is always kept above water pressure to prevent water contamination of oil However, if there is a leak oil is lost and the sump level is therefore to be monitored 11 regularly
PG
PG
ENGINE
Shaft
Bearings
PG
Cooler
TG PG
Storage tank
Pump
Filter
12
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Oil level in the sump is to be monitored regularly Low level is indicative of oil leakage somewhere in the system
Can be at the cooler (oil flowing into water side) At the pump At the valves Check constantly around the engine spaces for accumulation of oil
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Rotary
Vane, piston, screw, gear, lobe and screw
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Ref: http://www.lcresources.com/resources/getstart/pump.gif
In a reciprocating pump, a volume of liquid is drawn into the cylinder through the suction valve on the intake stroke and is discharged under positive pressure through the outlet valves on the discharge stroke.
The discharge from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when the speed of the pump is changed.
Often an air chamber is connected on the discharge side of the pump to provide a more even flow by evening out the pressure surges. Reciprocating pumps are often used for sludge and slurry.
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Gear pump
Consists of two meshing gear wheels housed in a tight fit casing. The gears rotate in opposite directions and the vacuum created due to this, draws the fluid into the inlet side of the pump. The fluid is trapped in the spaces between the teeth and casing to be carried round from the suction to the delivery side Fluid is displaced when gear teeth mesh Therefore there is a continuous transfer of liquid from suction to delivery side The theoretical volume displacement is given by
2 2 Q t wN(d o d r ) 4
do = outside diameter dr = root diameter N = rps w = depth of gear perpendicular to the screen
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