Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Edmund Jacobs MSc MIOSH RSP MIIRSM FRSH Occupational Health & Safety Manager
DRA concept
The assessment of risk in dynamic situations is undertaken prior, during and after the execution of an operation The benefits of proceeding with a task must be weighed carefully against the risk Think before you act rather than act before you think What sets DRA apart from systematic risk assessment is that it is applied in situations that are: - unpredictable/unforeseen risks - the risk environment rapidly changes - allows individual to make a risk judgement - provides personnel with a consistent approach to assessing risk
YES
Are the risks proportional to the benefits?
No
Re-assess systems of work
YES
No
Developmental Stage of Incident As the incident develops, re-evaluate the situation, tasks and persons at risk. Apply above model to take account of any new hazards and introduce control measures as necessary to allow existing or new tasks to proceed. Halt tasks completely if the risk outweighs the benefits to be gained.
Incident debriefed
Strategic level
Systematic level
This led to a new concept of DRA being introduced in the early 1990s as a means to manage operational risk in dynamic situations. It was argued that the fire service had carried out assessments for years many years (prior to DRA) without the reference to the concept of risk. This equates to the concept of situation awareness and assessment referred to as size-up.
Environment
Equipment
assessments make recommendations to improve safety Develop & implement additional control measures
Operational personnel
Dynamic Assessment
Chief & Assistant Chief Fire Officers (1996)
Criticisms of DRA
It is unclear as to its origination or on what basis it was drawn up No one has tested the various elements experimentally DRA (key to decision making) suggests that generally decisions do not follow in a neat sequential procedure, instead characterised by apparently instinctive experience driven responses to the situation as it unfolds
Decision making research found that fire-fighters would be unlikely to comply with a deliberate process of risk assessment were it to be imposed
(Samurcay & Rogalski, 1988, cited in Tissington & Flin, 2004)
clearly to their officers when operating in dynamic environments Are officers trained to a consistent level to assess risk and are they empowered to make risk decisions? Are officers given guidance on what aspects to record and feedback?
Training and greater accountability given to line management in recognition of their key roles in the process.
Post incident debrief undertaken to include feedback on DRA so that new risks or unforeseen complications can be recorded and risk assessments reviewed or undertaken.
Any Questions?