Harvard referencing

Why should I reference?

Your reader can see where your ideas have come from.
*

* Referring to experts in your subject area gives your writing authority. * * It proves you have researched the topic properly. Your tutors can check any of the sources

How is it done?
There are two stages to referencing sources for a piece of academic writing using the Harvard system.
Refer to the source in your text (the citation) Give full details of the source in your bibliography or list of references at the end of your work (the reference)

How to reference a book in your bibliography using Harvard

Example The author The year of publication Tim R. Fowles 2002

The title of the book

The edition (if not the 1st) The place of publication The publisher

Researching for surveys

2nd edition London Thyme Publications

Fowles T R 2002 Researching for surveys 2nd ed London Thyme Publications Fowles, T. R. ( 2002 ) Researching for surveys , 2nd ed. London, Thyme Publications

How to tackle 'In' references using Harvard

There are two types of 'In' references
The first is when you have quoted from a book where every chapter is written by a different author(s). The second is when the author of the book you are reading has quoted another author of a completely different book - and you then want to use this quote in your own work. This is known as a secondary reference because you have not actually seen the original source yourself

'In' reference type 1: Author of a chapter within an edited book

Example The author of the chapter The publication year Deniz Raffaele 2003

The chapter title

The editor of the book The book title The place of publication The publisher The page numbers of the chapter

Marketing strategy: approach and analysis

Gerard McDonough Cases in global marketing strategy Glasgow Hannaway and Summers Pages 82-96

Deniz Raffaele 2003 Marketing strategy: approach and analysis Gerard McDonough Cases in global marketing strategy Glasgow Hannaway and Summers Pages 82-96
After correct formatting and punctuation... Raffaele, D. (2003) Marketing strategy: approach and analysis. In: McDonough, G. Cases in global marketing strategy. Glasgow, Hannaway and Summers, pp. 82-96.

Example

'In' reference type 2: Secondary reference (quote within a quote)

Graham Waldo 1999 Crop improvement and biotechnology Houston McKinney Press

The author of the quote The publication year of the quote The book title the quote originates from The place of publication of the original book The publisher of the original book

The author(s) of the book you have in front of you Paola Cerrai & Anna Vallin The publication year of the book The book title The place of publication 2000 Horticuture research Coventry

The publisher
The page number of the quote

Howard and Dean

Page 14

Graham Waldo 1999 Crop improvement and biotechnology Houston McKinney Press Paola Cerrai and Anna Vallin 2000 Horticuture research Coventry Howard and Dean Page 14

After formatting and punctuation...

Waldo, G. (1999) Crop improvement and biotechnology. Houston, McKinney Press. Quoted in: Cerrai, P. & Vallin, A. (2000) Horticuture research. Coventry, Howard and Dean, p. 14

How to reference a journal article in your bibliography using Harvard

Example Article author Bansi Khatri

Year of publication
Article title

2002
Assessment of multicultural initiatives in Higher Education Higher Education Assessment and Evaluation Vol. 82 No. 3

Journal title

Volume, issue and/or part number

Month or season Page numbers of article

March Pages 283-297

Khatri B 2002 Assessment of multicultural initiatives in Higher Education Higher Education Assessment and Evaluation vol. 82 no. 3 March pages 283-297
formatting and punctuation. Khatri, B. (2002) Assessment of multicultural initiatives in Higher Education, Higher Education Assessment and Evaluation. 82 (3) March, pp. 283-297

How to reference an electronic journal article in your bibliography using Harvard Example
Author/editor of the journal article Johansson, C. Year the article was written Title of the article 2001 Developing accessible information literacy workshops Information Literacy Review September Vol. 8 Issue 4 Pages 17-32

Title of the journal Month/season of publication Volume and issue numbers Page number(s) of article

Internet address
Date you accessed the web page

http://www.eljo.ac.uk
19 April 2004

Johansson, C. 2001 Developing accessible information literacy workshops Information Literacy Review September Vol. 8 Issue 4 Pages 17-32 http://www.eljo.ac.uk 19 April 2004 After correct formatting, and punctuation... Johansson, C. (2001) Developing accessible information literacy workshops. Information Literacy Review [Internet], September, 8 (4), pp. 17-32, Available from: <http://www.eljo.ac.uk> [Accessed 19 April 2004].

How to reference a web page in your bibliography using Harvard

Example Author of the web page Learning and Information Services

Year the web page was written or last updated Title of the web page Place of publication (if known) Publishers (if known)

2004

Leeds Met Library Online Leeds Leeds Metropolitan University

Internet address

http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/lis/lss/

Date you accessed the web page

18 September 2004

Learning and Information Services 2004 Leeds Met Library Online Leeds Leeds Metropolitan University http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/lis/lss/ 18 September 2004

After correct formatting, wording and punctuation

Learning and Information Services (2004) Leeds Met Library Online [Internet], Leeds, Leeds Metropolitan University. Available from: <http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/lis/lss/> [Accessed 18 September 2004].