Thiago Mikail - Apresentação I

Thiago Mikail de Oliveira Halliburton Energy Services Associated Technical Professional - TCP Aracaju - SE, Brazil
TCP Tubing Conveyed Perforating
Agenda
A view from Service Quality
Influence factors in perforation design Well Deviation Interval Testing or Permanent Completion for production Well balancing Completion objective TCP Basic Equipment Bar Drop Firing Heads MFH/ Model II/ Model III Pressure Actuated Firing Heads Lets get some detail on TDF Pressure Actuated Firing Heads KVII Valves and Vented Subs
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.
Tom Peters view of Service Quality -
WOW
Regina, The Cleaner (who also cooked cakes!) Hotel with Teddy Bear couch, bath tub, in the bed Kingfisher Airlines may I clean your glasses? Marta Vieira dos Santos playing in your team...
Tom Peters view of Service Quality -
WOW
Exceeding the expectations of the customer. The basic idea is to bring the element of surprise into your business. The concept of Wow! yells out, "Surprise! Aren't you glad you bought from me, decided to do business with our company, etc.!"
Tom Peters view of the future of Service Quality -
WOW
Would you ... Hire someone else for cleaning your house? Preffer staying at Deca? Flying with TAM or GOL? Substitute Marta by Adriano in your team?
We have a strategic plan. Its called doing things.

Herb Kelleher (CEO of SouthwestAirlines)
TCP/ Design Influence Factors
Well Deviation
Deviation higher than 60 degress are not likely done with wireline deliverable guns; Also DogLegs must be considered.
With such deviation can I locate the guns in the right point?
Test or Production
Formation tests, normally done on appraisal/ exploration and wildcat wells, used for economic analysis Well permanent completion so that the well produces just after the perforating.
For how long will be the equipment downhole? Will it be a temporary, permanent or workover completion?
2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. 8
Perforating Interval
Time (hours)
Runs
Whats the estimated operation time? Be carefull with HMX!

Well Balancing
Formation pressure < Wellbore pressure = Overbalance
Formation pressure > Wellbore pressure = Underbalance Formation pressure << Wellbore induced pressure = Extreme Overbalance (EOB);
Wellbore pressure
Formation pressure
1
2 3
10
Well Balancing
Wellbore pressure
Formation pressure
2 1 3
11
Well Balancing
Wellbore pressure
Formation pressure
3 1 2
12
Well Balancing
Casing Diameter Cement Sheath Casing Perforation Spacing (Dependent on Shot Density)
Crushed Zone
Perforation Diameter
Balanced Perforation Length (Cement to End of Perforation)
Entrance Hole Diameter in Casing j = Phase Angle

Underbalance 3500 psi

13
Completion Objectives
Formation / Completion Type Consolidated - Natural completion Consolidated Stimulated Unconsolidated with Sand Control Damaged Remedial
Shot Density
Perforation Diameter Phasing Penetration
1
4 3 2
2
3 1 4
2
1 3 4
2
4 3 1
Not so much room for HSD in Sergipe
14
TCP/ Equipments
Crossover No Go
(4 to 7 inches)
Mechanical Firing Head

Aka standard or Model I; NO-GO 18 ft.lbs is enough to shear the retainer in the Firing Pin mandatory use of DID
Firing Pin
HTI Det. Cord Support Tube Centralizer
Connection to the Guns
15
TCP/ Equipments
MFH Related Equipment

- Drop Bar (1,25 OD) / Roller
Roller Bars
.875 Fishing Neck
30 deg of deviation. Recommended 40 deg. of deviation or dogleg Mandatory
Brass indent plug

TCP/ Equipments
MFH Related Equipment

- DID - Detonator Interrupt Device
It does NOT prevents the firing head to detonate; but,
Pin Spirol
Eutectic Material
Firing Pin HTI Booster Detonating Cord
Allows detonation to proceed to guns only when above 117 F (consider 135 F for BHT)
17
TCP/ Equipments
Model II-D Firing Head

Bar struck + 1500 psi in tubing to actuate;
NO-GO
Firing Pin
Heavy mud or deviated wells Max 20000 psi
Dogs Release Piston Firing
Pin Firing
HTI
Model III
II
TCP/ Equipments
Model III-D Firing Head

Bar struck + 250 psi in tubing to actuate;
NO-GO
Firing Pin
Heavy mud or deviated wells Max 8000 psi
Dogs Release Piston Firing
Pin Firing
HTI
Model III
II
TCP/ Equipments
Time Delay Firer (TDF)

Uses a delay fuse (4 ~ 6 minutes) / can add NO-GO more (EDA);
Maximum under/overbalance Heavy mud.
Firing Pin Shear set Primer Delay Element
20
TCP/ Equipments
TDF Steps
Equipment Limit
Keep in mind that that the pining goal for TDF is to have a number of number of pins which would not allow the Firing Head to be easily detonated by the various pressures which are inherent to the job antecipated pressures. But, in the other hand, the design should allow that customers equipment be enough to supply pressure to fire the guns.
TDF Operation Safety Margin Antecipated Pressure
21
TCP/ Equipments
TDF Steps
Prepare the Work
Have customer / well information Calculate the number of pins / prepare TDF List and have material preparation Testing Procedure Connecting and RIH procedure;
Testing and Running
Proceed with Detonation
How to actuate the Firing Head How to detect fire Misfire Procedures
22
TCP/ Equipments
TDF Steps Prepare the Work

Customer / Well Information
Well Temperature: 220 F True vertical depth (TVD) at Plug Back: 10,000 True vertical depth at perforations: 9,500 9,550 Type of fluid and weight: mud / 12.1 ppg Hydrostatic (annular) 10,000 x 12.1 ppg x 0.052 = 6,292 psi Hydrostatic: (tubing will determine how is the balance in the perf) 5,000 psi Maximum surface pressure allowed by customer: (consider maximum pressure by the pump and other restrictions) 5,000 psi Other pressure operated tools: Fass Fill 700 psi | Select Test 1,200 psi Pressure tests: Pressure required to break circulation: : 700 psi
23
TCP/ Equipments

List and prepare material
TDF 2 bottom mounted Vented Bull Plug (100005232) TDF 2 (100005231)
EDA 2 (100005229) + Primer (116970) + Delay Element (100008016) XOVER 3 3/8" BOX X 2 1/2" PIN (100005278) + PAI pra DCI (100005238) + DCI (100005307) XOVER 3 3/8 PIN x 4 5/8 PIN (100005264)
TDF 3 3/8 bottom mounted Vented Bull Plug (100005217) TDF 3 3/8 (100005230) + Primer (116970)
EDA 3 3/8 (100009426) + Primer (116970)+ Elemento de Retardo (100008016) Kit para Minigun (100005272) + PAI pra DCI (100005238) + DCI (100005307) XOVER 3 3/8 PIN x 4 5/8 PIN (100005264)
24
TCP/ Equipments

TDF Calc 1/2
Casing Pressure + Maximum of any other pressure applied (break circulation, testing tools, pressure test of any equipments). 1. Determine the Maximum Pressure applied that must not actuate 2. How much pressure each pin handle Uses Batch and temperature to determine nominal pressure/pin in the charts refer for TCP web page to look for. Allow 5% tolerance Use a safety factor (for instance 1,000 psi for <= 10,000 psi in step 1). Divide (Step 1 Pressure + Safety Factor) /( pin * 0.95) - tolerance of 5% in step 2). 3. Calculate number of pins
25
TCP/ Equipments

TDF Calc 2/2
Round number of pins calculated in step 3 up. Multiply then by their nominal pressure (with temperature reduction) . Calculate also +- 5% tolerance.
5. Check safety factor

Check if -5% tolerance in step 4 has the safety factor for not allowing detonation with the pressure calculated in step 1.
Remember that surface pressure is what you calculated in step 4 hydrostatic pressure already in the borehole.
4. Calculate how much is nominal pressure in the pins
6. Calculate max and minimum surface pressure .
26
TCP/ Equipments
TDF calculation example 1/2

1. Determine the Maximum Pressure applied before Fass Fill at 700 psi, Select Test at 1200 psi, and break circulation is 700 psi | Hydrostatic in casing is 6292 psi. So, it would be 7492 psi.
2. How much pressure each pin handle
970 psi/pin 7,2% temp. = 900.16 psi/pin + 5% tolerance = 945.17 psi/pin - 5% tolerance = 855.15 psi/pin
3. Calculate number of pins
7492 psi + 1000 psi (safety factor)/ 855.15 pin = 8492/ 855.15 = 10 pins (round up!)
27
TCP/ Equipments
TDF calculation example 2/2

4. Calculate how much is nominal pressure in the pins 10 pins x 900.16 psi/pin x 945.17 psi/pin x 855.15 psi/pin = 9,001.6 psi = 9,451.7 psi = 8,551.5 psi
5. Check safety factor
Minimun pressure that pins can handle (step 4) maximum pressure applied before (step 1) = 8,551.5 7,492 = 1,059.5 psi (> 1000 psi = Ok)
6. Calculate max and minimum surface pressure
Max pressure in step 4 Tubing Hydro = 9,452.7 5,000 = 4,452.7 psi (but add more 500 psi to allow more tolerance) = 4,952.7 psi
Min pressure in step 4 Tubing Hydro = 8,551.5 5,000 = 3,551.5 psi (but add more 500 psi to allow more tolerance) = 4,051.5 psi
28
TCP/ Equipments
Testing Procedure
Do not install the delay element and lower plug assembly into housing until the pressure test is done; Fill with water and pressure 2,500 psi or half the shear value of the shear pins (in this example 8,551.5 psi /2 = 4,275.75 psi. Therefore, it will remain 2,500 psi as the maximum; Trap this pressure and hold for 10 minutes.
29
TCP/ Equipments
Connecting and RIH procedure

Only install the firing head when all guns are already connected. In the case of being top mounted, use clean fluid between the firing head and the BIT; RIH at 15 seconds with 30 of pipe; Circulating the well or pump down operations should not be higher than 400 psi; Be aware of your safety margins... Monitor the well activities to stay within them.
30
TCP/ Equipments
Proceed with detonation

9,952.7 Pressure (psi) 9,051.5 Pumping pressure Detonation
5,000
Tubing Hydrostatic
1 min 5 to 6 min Time (minutes)
31
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Noise and vibration in the column/ Shot detection systems;
Monitor surface pressure and bubble hose bucket for 30 minutes; Sudden annular pressure variation and stabilization;
32
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
First indication: Noise and vibration in the column/ Shot detection systems
Tools
Shooting Detector (SAP 101323114)

Audacity Software (freeware)

33
Accelerometers
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Some considerations: system must be earthed!
Lab test in Aracaju 14/04/2011 Withouth the earth connected
With earth
34
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Arrangement for the test (in another room ~20 meters from computer)
Weak tap in the rack with a small screwdriver

TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Test in the base:
Claps just beside the sensor
Weak tap in the rack just beside the sensor
Weak tap in the other side of the rack
36
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Limitations
1. Deviation and depth are critical factors;
2. The amount of casing/tubing contact may dampen the shock wave enough to cause difficulty in distinguishing the guns firing. 3. The type and condition of the fluid in the annulus may cause difficulty in hearing the guns fire (heavy mud versus water). 4. Background noise, created by pipe movement, subsurface pumps, etc. can make it difficult to determine when the guns fire. This occurs most often on offshore wells.
Where is more easily transfered sound and viabration?
37
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Limitations
1. Deviation and depth are critical factors;
2. The amount of casing/tubing contact may dampen the shock wave enough to cause difficulty in distinguishing the guns firing.
3. The type and condition of the fluid in the annulus may cause difficulty in hearing the guns fire (heavy mud versus water). 4. Background noise, created by pipe movement, subsurface pumps, etc. can make it difficult to determine when the guns fire. This occurs most often on offshore wells.
X
38
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Limitations
1. Deviation and depth are critical factors; 2. The amount of casing/tubing contact may dampen the shock wave enough to cause difficulty in distinguishing the guns firing.
3. The type and condition of the fluid in the annulus may cause difficulty in hearing the guns fire (heavy mud versus water).
4. Background noise, created by pipe movement, subsurface pumps, etc. can make it difficult to determine when the guns fire. This occurs most often on offshore wells.
X
39
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Limitations
1. Deviation and depth are critical factors; 2. The amount of casing/tubing contact may dampen the shock wave enough to cause difficulty in distinguishing the guns firing. 3. The type and condition of the fluid in the annulus may cause difficulty in hearing the guns fire (heavy mud versus water).
4. Background noise, created by pipe movement, subsurface pumps, etc. can make it difficult to determine when the guns fire. This occurs most often on offshore wells.
40
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Second indication: Sudden annular pressure variation and stabilization
Not only the formation will suffer from the millions of psi in the detonation. Also the packer will.
41
TCP/ Equipments
Detecting Fire
Third indication: bubble hose and well pressure.
Ok, they fired. Now lets wait for the fluid inlet.
42
TCP/ Equipments
Misfire Procedures
1. Recalculate to ensure that maximum pressure was achieved and pressure was held at least 1 minute.
2.
Pressure up a second time to maximum actuating pressure to try to actuate firing head.
If second attempt was not successful pressure up to maximum allowable pressure. Keep in mind the tubulars, packer differentials and surface equipment. Repeat steps above to verify no gun detonation.
3.
43
TCP/ Equipments
Misfire Procedures
4. Notify your immediate supervisor that you have had a misfire and will be pulling out of the hole with the guns.
5. Discuss with the company man, rig personnel, and other service company representatives, any procedures that will be performed on the well that will affect the hydrostatic pressure prior to pulling guns. 6. After the decision has been made by the Company man and specialist ensure that all valves are open to prevent pressure buildup at the firing head.
44
TCP/ Equipments
Misfire Procedures
7. Visually monitor any procedures that will affect the hydrostatic. Be aware of what is going on at all times.
8. Know your safety margins and stay within them.
9. When the guns arrive at surface remove firing head and replace with thread protectors on the gun and firing head as soon as possible,
45
TCP/ Equipments
KV-II Firing Head

Wells with open perforations; NO-GO High deviated wells;
Firing head and valve are adjusted to operate with the same pressure. Production Ports Piston Firing Shear Set Pin Firing HTI
46
TCP/ Equipments
Fill Disc Assembly

Simple way to circulate clean fluids; Allows underbalance with swabbing operations, after setting the packer. Port Glass
47
TCP/ Equipments
BPV Bar Pressure Vent

Cheap Underbalance; Minimum 1000 psi tubing pressure; With / without break plug. Sliding sleeve Air chamber Break plug Port
48
TCP/ Equipments
MDBV Max. Differential Bar Vent

Maximum underbalance; since, Maximum 1000 psi tubing pressure (without certain about rathole pressure); With break plug. Silicon chamber
Break plug Sliding sleeve

Spring Port
49
Comments / Questions and Suggestions
50

Thiago Mikail - Apresentação I

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Thiago Mikail de Oliveira Halliburton Energy Services Associated Technical Professional - TCP Aracaju - SE, Brazil

TCP Tubing Conveyed Perforating

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Tom Peters view of Service Quality -

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Tom Peters view of Service Quality -

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Tom Peters view of the future of Service Quality -

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

We have a strategic plan. Its called doing things.

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

Whats the estimated operation time? Be carefull with HMX!

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

Balanced Perforation Length (Cement to End of Perforation)

Entrance Hole Diameter in Casing j = Phase Angle

Underbalance 3500 psi

TCP/ Design Influence Factors

Not so much room for HSD in Sergipe

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Mechanical Firing Head

Connection to the Guns

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

MFH Related Equipment

.875 Fishing Neck

30 deg of deviation. Recommended 40 deg. of deviation or dogleg Mandatory

Brass indent plug

MFH Related Equipment

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Model II-D Firing Head

Heavy mud or deviated wells Max 20000 psi

Dogs Release Piston Firing

Model III-D Firing Head

Heavy mud or deviated wells Max 8000 psi

Dogs Release Piston Firing

Time Delay Firer (TDF)

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TDF Operation Safety Margin Antecipated Pressure

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

Testing and Running

Proceed with Detonation

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TDF Steps Prepare the Work

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TDF Steps Prepare the Work

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TDF Steps Prepare the Work

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TDF Steps Prepare the Work

5. Check safety factor

4. Calculate how much is nominal pressure in the pins

6. Calculate max and minimum surface pressure .

2011 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.

TDF calculation example 1/2