25/11/2014

= =

1
2

= =

( )
1

3
2

( )
1

2
3
2

1
0

GAS DE FERMIN
CASO 0

= =

( )
+1

= 2

1
1
2

= 0

1
2

3
2
2
3

3
2

3
2

3
2

2 52
5
2 32
3
2
3

3
5

2
5

3
5

2 52

Recordando:
=

3
2

1 2 3
2

Comprobando las dimensiones:

[] = 1 = [] [

1
2 ]

= []

3
2

[] =

3
2

3
2

]= [
3

1
2 2 2

3 2
]
33

3
2

3 2 6
3 3 6

3
3
3
2

1
3
2 3 3

1
3
2

3
3 2 2 2 3
3 2 3

=
=
=
( )
3
3
1
2
2 2
2 2 2

2
3 23
( 1
( )
3 )
2 2 2
3 2 3

( ) = : concentracin de electrones

300
Case

= =

300

= =

3
2

( )

( )
+1

3
2

= =

1
2

( )
+1

= +

() + 1

( )
+1

= 0

+ )
=
+ 1

(
( + )+1
1
+ )+1
.
|
+

+1
+ 1
( + 1)( + 1)

Because:

+1

Primera Integral es 0

(
( + )+1
1
+ )+1
=

=
( + 1)( + 1)2
( + 1)
( + )2

If 0:

+ )+1

2
( + )

Then we change the interval from +

2

 (
1
+ )+1

=
( + 1)
( + )2

+1

( + 1)
+1

( + 1) 2
( ) )
(1 + ( + 1) +
2
( + )2

(
+
( + 1) ( + )2

( + 1) 2


( )

+
)=

( + )
( + )2

( + 1)

( + 1) 2 2
+1


(
+
+
1)

+
( )
(

2
( + 1) ( + )2
( + )2
2

( + )

)=

( + 1) 2
+ 1

( ) 2 )
( + ( + 1) 1 +
( + 1) 0

2+1 = 0; 2 0
() [

= ,

=
=

=
]
=0

() 2 () = 2

1 ( + 1)2

1 ( 1 )

() =
()
1
1 ( 1)!

=
= (1)1
( + 1)2
1

2
2
( + )
( + )
( + 1)

() (1 2 ) = 2 (1)1
() =

2(1)1
(1 2 )

2
2

() =

()

0 = 1

2 =

2
3

1 =

2
2

(
2

1
=
()3
()2

1
3!
6

()2 ()4

1
+

()2 ()4
()3 ()5
6
120
1 3! +
3! +
5!
5!
4 =

4
5

1 =
2

( + 1) 2 2
+ 1
( )
(1 +
)
( + 1)
2

=
0

() + 1

= 1

3
2

( )
1

= 3

3
3
(32 12) 2
2 2
2 2
1 2
=
(1 +
( ) )=
(1 + ( ) )
3
6

3
8

5
5
(52 32) 2
2 2
2 2
5 2
=
(1 +
( ) )=
(1 + ( ) )
5
6

5
8

2 2
1 2
(1 + ( ) )
3
8
5

2 2
5 2
=
(1 + ( ) )
5
8
=0

2 2
3

0 =

Dividing Ns:
3
2

1 2
(1 + ( ) )
8

1 =( )
0
Inverse:

( )
0

3
2

= (1 +

1 2
( ) )
8

1 2
0 (1
( ) )
12
0 (1

0 = (0)

=0

approximation:

(0) + (1) + = 0
0 + (1) + = 0

(1) + = 0

(1)

2 2
120

1 2
( ) )
12 0

2
+=
120

2
2
0 (0)
12 ( + (1) + )2
2
2
0
12 (0 + (1) + )2
2

2
2

(1)
(1 + + )
0

(1) + = 0

2 2
(1)
2 2
=
) =
(1
120
0
120

2 2
120

+ = 0 (1

2 2
120 2

+ )

2 2
5 2
=
(1 + ( ) )
5
8
4

5
2

2
22
= (0 (1
+ ))
5
120 2
=
3
2 2

5 2
2
5
5 2
5
( ) ) = 0 2 (1 + (
)( ) )
8
5
8 24

(1 +

2
5 2
5
0 2 (1 + ( ) ( ) )
5
12
2

3
2

1
2
1
(1 + ( ) ) = (0 (1
( ) ))
8
3
12 0

1 2
(1 + ( ) )
8

2
1 3 2
1 2
2
3
3
0 2 (1
( ) ) (1 + ( ) ) = 0 2
3
12 2 0
8
3

32
5 2
3
5 2
3
2
=
0 0 (1 + ( ) ( ) ) = 0 (1 + ( ) ( ) )
53
12
5
12
=

Cv

3
5
2
2
2
= 0 ( 2 ( 2 )) =
+ =
2

5
12
0
20
20

Pendiente

Hacer con tres trminos desde J

Prctica 3: Jueves 18 Diciembre

3/2

= =

3 = 1
3 =
3
(2)
(2)3
( ) =

(2)3

() =

(2)3

= ( ) 3

1 (1 + + 2 ) =

1
1

0
0

1 (

) = ( 1 ) =
=1 0

=1 0

1
1

=
(
)

1
)
1
0
=1

1
1
1
1
() = 1 + + + + = ( )
2
3
4

=1

1
= ()()
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
() = (1 + ) = (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + ) = 1 + + + +

2
3
4
2
3
4
(1) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +

1 (1 + 2 3 + ) =
+ 1
0

+ ) = (1)+1 1 =
=1

=1

=1

(1)+1 1
(1)+1

()

0
() = 1 +

1
1
1
+ + +

2
3
4

We look for:
=1
() =

1
1
1
+ +

2
3
4

2
2
2
2
1
1
1
+ + + = (1 + + + + ) = 21 ()

2
4
6
2
2
3
4
= () 21 () = (1 21 )()

1
= (1 21 )()()
+ 1

02/12/2014
Find in function of

= ln (1

()
)

()

()

()

= ln (1

1=

1
) = ln (
)=
1
1

ln(1 ) =

= = ( ln(1 ) ) = ln(1 ) (
ln(1 ) ) =

()

1)
(
()

1
1

( ) (
=
( ()
)=
= 2 (
))
2
()

1
1)
(

2
2 1

1
1
1
(
(1 ) ln (
(

1)

)
=
(
) ln (
)=
)
2
2

=
=
( ln(1 ) ) =

ln(1 )

1
1
1
(1 ) ln (
(
)) = ln(1 ) ( ln (
))


1

Gas de Bos:
=

Oscilation: appears photons

1
()

<0
= (, )

1
2

= 0

( )

Find sing: ( )

3
2
2
0

= =

( ) =

0

0 = (
0

1
2

( )

) =

( )

( )

2 (

1)

1 ()

2

1 ()

2

1
2

( )

2 (

1)

1
( ) ) =
2

( ) )

() < 0

(, , ) ? =

= ( ) + ( )

=( ) +( )

If

0=( ) +( )
1 = ( ) ( )



In thermodynamics:
= , = , =
Ej: V = 0 (1 + )
1

= ( )

= ()

= (, , )
=

= 1

= (, )

1
2

= ( )

= 0

()

( )

If 0

0 0
=

3
2

1
2 2 2 3

3
3
3
2 ( ) ( )
2

3
2

1
2 2 2 3

3
2

0.88 2.612 =

3
2

1
2 2 2 3

3
2

2.298

Keep 4 42
1
2

= 0

3
0 2

= +

3
2

3
2

3
2

= ( )

= ( )

3
2

= (1 ( )

Pasa al estado fundamental

04/11/14
< 0
5
2

= 0

= 0

3
2 (3

3
2)( 2)

3
2

= (1 ( )
0

5
2
2
0 1

= 0

5
2

= 0

5
2 (5

5
2)( 2)

0 0
1

The problem is when 0 and = 0

5
2

Then: = + 0

Calculate limit: 1

lim0 =0 =

Then:

lim 0

1
1
1

Pc

He

Pc: Punto critico

3
2

PT: Punto Triple

Cv

He

PT
3
2

He
P

Para > 0

= +1

() 1

+1

+1
+1

=

=

=

0
0
0
1

+1

)
+1

=

(1

2 ] =
1
0
0
0

= +1 [
0

2 2 2 ] = +1 [( + 1)
+1
0

= +1 [( + 1)

=
0

=
0

()

+1

3
2

( )
1

2+1

] =
+1

( + 1)] = +1 ( + 1) [1

3
2 [1

5
2 [1

3 ] (2)
2 2

5 ] ( 2)
2 2

]
2+1

3 1
2 [1

5 3
2 [1

3 ]
2 2

5 ]
2 2

3 (1 5 )

2
2 2

= (0) + (1) +

(0)

1
( (0) + (1) + )
3
= 2 ( (0) + (1) + ) (1
)
3
2
2 2
(
1
3
= 2 ( (0) + (1)
2

(0) 2

( (0) )
1
3
(0)
(1)
) = 2 ( + 3 + )
2
2 2
1 2 3

+ 2 (0) (1) + (1) )

2

3
2

(0) 2

(
)
1
3
0 = 2 ( (1) 3
+ )
2
2 2
2

(1) =

( (0) )

= (0)

3
2 2

( (0) )
3
2 2

= (0) (1

5 3
2 ( (0)

5 3
2 ( (0)

( (0) )
3
2 2

+ (1) + ) (1

(0)
(1
3
2

5 3
2 (0) (1

(1)

( (0) )

+ )=
5
2 2
1 2 3

(0)

( (0) )
2

3
2

5 3
2 (0) (1

( (0) )
2

5
2

( (0) )

5
2

5
2

5 3
2 ( (0)

+ ) =

+ ) =

3
2 2

( (0) + 2 (0) (1) + (1) )

5 3
2 (

( (0) )

( (0) + (1) + )
)
5
2 2

(1)

5 3
2 (0) (1

5 3
2

3
2

( (0) )
2

3
2

2( (0) )
22

(1

3
2

( (0) )
2

5
2

( (0) )
2

5
2

( (0) )
2

5
2

+ )

+ )

+ )

3
3
1 2
3
1 2
( (0) )
= (1 5 + ) = (1 5
+ ) = (1 5
3
3 + )
2
2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2

3
2

= ( ) =

31 1 2

2 2 252 32

3
2

31 1 2

2 2 252 32

3
2

= [

3 1

7
3 ]
2 2 2

Cv

10

Electromagnetic Radiation
Si hay vacio hay equilibrio termodinmico

T2

Light

Cavidad con una burbuja

Reflexion

T1

Refraction

Vidrio:

CTransmisin = 1

Espejo: CReflexin = 1
Los cuerpos siempre emiten:

Ce
=

+ = 2

Potencia

Presin

2
cos

= = cos cos =

= 0

Poynting vector

2
cos2

sin

4

= =

2
cos2

= 0

Presin

2
sin
2
cos2 4

2
sin
2
sin
=

=
cos2
2cos2

4
0

=
cos 2 sin =
cos 3 |0 2 =

3
3
0

= 0

= 3

11

 = +
= ( ) =

= ()
= 3

4
( )

= 4 + 3

= (, )

() = ( )

= 3 + 3
=

= ( )

() = 3

= ( )

= () + ( )

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+ = ( ) + ( ) + = ( ) + (( ) + )

1
1
[ ( ) ]=
[ (( ) + )]

1 2
(
)

1
( )
2

= () 2 () 2 + ( )

3 = + ( )

( ) = 4

= 2 + ( )

() = + ( )

= 4
Poder emisin:
Black body

= 4

Otherwise

= 4 coeficiente de emitividad

Potencia/Superficie:
2

sin
sin2
1
2

=
cos
=

|0 2 =

=
=

8
8
8 4

= 4

=4

= 4 2 = 4

= 4 2 = 4

4 2 4 2
=
= 2

4 =

4 2 4

= = 300

21,401011
6,958108

= 300 20,2 6206,44

= 5778

12

S del gas de photones

1
1
( ) + (( ) + )

=
= 4

=4

3
4
4
4
+ +
= 4 2 + 3

3
3

4
4
4
= ( 3 )+= 3 () = ( 3 )
3
3
3
4
4
= ( 3 ) + 0 = (4 ) ( 3 )
3
3
=

16 3

3

+ 0

16 3

3

= = (

16 3
4

) = =
3
3
3

= =

=0
3 3

= (, ) = 0
= +

( ) = +

= (, , ) (, )

We can't calculate photons

=2

=
=

4 2

1
2
2

3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
(2)
0
0
0 1

3
1
3
2

=
(3)(3)
3 2 3 0 1
3 2 3

1
4
1
4
3
3

=
(4)(4)
3 2 3 0 1
3 2 3 0 1
3 2 3

(4)(4)
3(4)
=
=

(3)(3)
(3)(3)
=
6 4
(4)
3 2 3

= =

4
4 4
(4)(4) =

3
2
3

3 4
= 2 2 3 (4)
2
= =

13

14