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44

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47

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,,,

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() ()
( = Tropical year) (Light year, Ly)
= . x
= .
- ,
,


,

= -
,,,,
- 48

() , - Fundamentals of physics- Asian Books

() University physics- Sears, Zemansky
() NIST (national Institute of Science and Technology) USA SP-330, Sp-811
- users.aol.com/jack proot/met/index. html.


( //)
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49

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50

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51

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52

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53

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54

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55

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56


/ /
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57

58

59


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 ( //)
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61

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62

 () , -
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.

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63

()
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64

 = x ,. x = . x ..
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65

 -
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66


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67
























( /)
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Lishk-Vidya Sagara Pulication, B-5/263, Yamuna Vihar, Delhi-53) = =
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68

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69

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70

 () , , , , -
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71

() x , = x () = ()
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, (Kalmann)


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72

() - , ( ) , - (/) =
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()
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73


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74

 (
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75

 ( /)

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76

= , ?
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77

= ,
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78

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79

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80

 ,
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81

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82

 () -
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83

 -, , ,
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(, )
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Thermodynamic arrow of time

Time in formula of mechanics/electromagnetic theory

Conservation laws for closed system
Abstract source of world.
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84



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85

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86

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87

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88

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89

= () , ()
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90


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() - +
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91

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,
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(, /)
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92

() -() -

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)
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= (. )
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94

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95

 ()
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96

 ,

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97




( /-)
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Earth () ()

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( /)
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() .. ( )
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98

 ()
( /)
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99

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= - x = ..


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100

 ..
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(Ionian)
(Ionia)
+ x = ..
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+ = , ,
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101

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102

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)
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103

. (-)- -
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104

. (- ..) - , ,
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105

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. , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
, . , . , . , . - ( ..)


() - ( //) (/) . - () (
//) - ()

106

.
.

.
.
.

=
+

+
()
+

= , = , = ()
, , -
( = Taurus, = mountain, ) -, ,

, -
, , ( = ),

. , . - . . -
. , . , . , . ,
. , . , . -
- ( ,), (), .
, . ,-
. . , . - ()
, ,

() - )
()

()

()
. -
() , , -
()
, -. -, . - .
, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
-() , . , . , . , . , .

107

, . , . , . , . , . , . , . ,
. , . , . , . , . , . , .
.. ..

()

- (- ..)
- (- ..)

(- ..)

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//-- )

-() - (

-, , ( ), ,
(), , , ,
( ) ()
,
( ) -

, ()
,
( ) () -
- ( ), , , ,
() - -

108

() - ()
( = )
( = )
( //, /, /, //)
, , ,
()
() -
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, (
..)
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, -, ( ), ,
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()
()

. . , . , . .
. , .

. , . , . -

( )

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() . , . ( ), . , . , .
, . , . , . , . , . ( ), .
( )- -, , .
, , , , , , (),
, , ( )
109

(, , , ...)

()

(, , , ...)
(, , , ...)

( )

( //,)
,
- ( , ,
, ,
), (, -, ),
( , ), ( ,
--), ( )
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-
, -----

(//)-

(//)-

() - (-- ..)
( ) ,

. (- ..)- ( )
(
)
, -- ( ) ( )
, (- ..) ,
, , (-- ..)
,
110

 ()
..... ..
....
-
..
. . .
. -
,

( ) ( ..) ()
, -- ---

...

, -



. (), . , . , . , . , . , . -, . , .
, . , . , . , . (), . , . , . , .
, . , . (, , ,
), . , . , . , . - ..
.
- .. , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
, . . . , . , . , . , . , . , .
, , , . , . , . , . , . ( ), . ,
. , . , . , . , .
. - /., //

() () - .., () -, () -, ()
-, () -, () -, (), () -, ()
-, () -, () -, () -, ()
(- , ) -, () -, ()
-, () -, () -, () -, ()
-, () -, () -, () -, ()
(-)-

111

. -
. (- ..), . (-), . (-), . (), . (-)- =
( /)
. -
( /, // )
. (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), () (-), . (-), .
(-), (-), . (-), . (-)

( /)
( ..)
() ( ..)
( /)
(- ..)
. -

( //)
() ( //)
( //)
( /)

( /)
. -
( = ) -
- ,
-, -

112


- -, ( /)

( /, )
. (- ..), . (-), . (-), . (,
-), . ( -), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), . () (-),
. (-), . () -)
,

(, )





(- ..)
(- ..)

.

, . , .
.
-()

()
()
, ()
, , ,
()

.
- -

113

 ( , ,
) , (- ..), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-).
. - -
( //-)
. (-), . (-), . (-), . (-)
. - -. (, , - ..), .
(-), . (-), . (-)-


, - (-) = ..
( ..) . (-), .
(, -), . (-), . (-), . (), . (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), . (-), .
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. (-), . (-)- ..

( )
. (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . - (-), . (-), . (), . (-), . (-), . (-), - (
-)
. - () ()

( )

( /)
- (
-
,

114

 - () ( )
- ,
( ..) ( ..)
-
+ + + ( ) +
+
+ + =
=++ =
( = , ,
= , ) () , -
, , - ( ) ,
()
-- - -- ( )
--- (- ..)
()
() - ..
() - () - ..
- (- ..)
(-)- ( )
(-) - (-) (-)
(-) -
-(- ..)
(- ..)

() - - - .. - (- ..)
. - (- ..), . - (-)-
, . - (-)- ()
, - () .
, . , . , . , . , . , . , . ,
. , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
, . , . - -. , . , .
, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
, . , . , . , . , . -
(- ..)
. (-), . (-), .
(-), . (, -) ( ) - ..
. (-), . (-), . (-)
() ..
,
,
115

 ..
. (-), . - (-) ,
, -) = . (-) (- ..)
. - (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . - -), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), . (-),
. (- ..)- , . (-), . (), . (-), . (-), . (-), . ( ..)- .. , -- .
(-), . (-), . - ( , , ..)- + = - ..
-- -. (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), . (-)-- ..
- . (- ..), . , (-
..), . ( - )- ( ..- .).
. ( )-(- .), . -- (- .), .
- (-, ), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-)-
-- -.
( )-(-), .
(-), , (-), . (-),
. (-), . (-), . ,
(-), . (-), . ( ), . ,
(-), . (-)- , . - (-),
. - (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-)
-- -. ( , , , -), .
(-), . (-), . , . , . (), . (-), . (-), . (-- ), .
(-).
-- -. (-), . ( ), . ( ), .
(-), . (-)-
() - , () ( ), .
. .
(-)
116

 -- -. ( , ,
-), . ( ), . (-), . -
(-), . , . (-)
---. , . (-). . (-), .
(-)
, .
, ,
.

,

,

- .

. - .. ( ) , - (
) -, , ,
() () -
( ///) ( /)
..
( /)


(- ..)
(- ..)
, ..
(- ..)
- (-), (-), , ,
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(-), - (-), - (-), (-),
(-), (-), (-), (-), - (), - (-), (-) ..
,
- - .. () , , -
- ..
..
..

117

 . ,




, ( )
,
, ,
( - )




-
, , ( )
, ,
.
-
.
-
.
-,
, .
- ,
, .
-
.

.

.


.
(3068 Kali) ,
- .

118

History of the Calendar, by M.N. Saha and N. C. Lahiri (part C of the Report of The Calendar
Reforms Committee under Prof. M. N. Saha with Sri N.C. Lahiri as secretary in November 1952Published by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110001, 1955,
Second Edition 1992.
Page, 168-last para-Caesar wanted to start the new year on the 25th December, the winter
solstice day. But people resisted that choice because a new moon was due on January 1, 45
BC. And some people considered that the new moon was lucky. Caesar had to go along with
them in their desire to start the new reckoning on a traditional lunar landmark.
Page 180-It has been shown by Dr. Hashim Amir Ali of the Osmania University, Hyderabad,
that the Mohammedan calendar was originally luni-solar in which intercalation was made when
necessary, and not purely lunar. .
According to this view, proper intercalation was applied in all years where necessary up to A.H.
10 and consequently the year A.H. 11 which started on March 29, 632 A.D.
(Footnote)-Initial epoch of the Hejira era thus arrived at is the evening of March 19, 622 A.D.,
Friday, the day following the vernal equinox.
Thus, Hejira era also started with start of year in India-it was start of Vikrama year 679.
Vikramditya inscription, found inscribed on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca,
is found recorded on page 315 of a volume known as Sayar-ul-Okul treasured in the Makhtabe-Sultania library in Istanbul, Turkey. http://www.guardiansofdarkness.com/GoD/muslims.pdf
Al-Biruni-Chronology of Ancient Nations at page 39Epoch of the Ancient Arabs-Ishmaelite Arabs used to date from the construction of the Kaba
by Abraham and Ismael. . After a long course of time they dated from year of Amr ben Yahya.
Afterwards they dated from death of Kab ben Luay till the Year of Treason, in which the
Banu-Yarbu stole certain garments which some of the kings of Himyar (Himavat =Bhrata) sent
to Kaba. Then they dated from Year of the Elephants, when Ethiopians came to destroy Kaba.
Lord annihilated them. Then they dated from era of Hijra.
, ,


-




119








, , ,















, , , ,



.

-. (- ..), . (-), . (-), . (-)
(- ..) . (-
..), . (-)- (-
..) ( ..) . ( ..- .), .
(-). . (- . ) , . (- .)-
. () . , . , . , . , .
, . , . , . , . - (- .) .
(- .)- . -, . , . , . ,
. , . , . - (- .) . , .
, . ()- (- .)
( ) .

120

 -. , . , . , . , . , . -
( ..) . , . (
), .
, . , . , . , . , . , . , . ,
. , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
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. , . , . , . , . , . , . , . -
.
- .

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, . , . - ( ), . -
(-.), . - (-), . (-), .
- (-), . - , ()
. --, -, , () - ( . )-


. () - ( .), . -
( .), () - (-), () (-), () ()- () () -() , () - (-,
), () - (-, ), () - (-), . ,
(-)- . (-), ()
()- - () -
(-)- () (-, )- ()
( ), ()
- ( , ), () - (-)-
. ,

( )- . . . , . , .
, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . ,
. , . , . , , . , . , . , . , .
, . , . , . , . , . , . (
), . -

-()- ( ..- .)-. , . , . , . , . ,
. , . , , . , . , . , . , . , .
121

, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
, . , . , . , . ( ), .
, . , . , . -, . , . , . -, .
, . -
() -
( ) ,
. (, )
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, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
, . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , .
- (- ..)-. , . , . , -- , .
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)--, (- ..) -. , . (
- ..)-
- (- ..)-. (- ..), . (), . (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), . (),. (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-)- ( ..)

. (), . (-), . (-), . (-), . (), . (-), . (-), . (-),
. (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-)-

122

 - ( .. . )-. (- ..)-
( .)
..
,
,

. ( ..- .), . (- .), . (-), - (), - (-), . (-), . (-), . (), . (-)- . .
(-), . (-), . (-), . (-), .
(-), . (-), . (-), . (-),
. (-), . (-), . (-)
-., . , . , . , . -


- (- .)-. , . , . .
- -
. ( )- . ( ), . (
), . ( )- , . ( ), . ( ), . , .
( ), . ( )-
-. - ,
, . ( ), . ( ), .
( ), . ( ), . ( )

( ..) -
..

( //-, ///-) .
()
- ( ), (
), ( ) ,
-
,
- = , = , =
, ,


123

( /-) ,
,


( //)
( //-)
( //)
( ///, ///)
( //)
( //)
(/)- ...

--- --
,
, ,
, ,
, - ,
(goat Gott-God) -

( /)

( /)
= ,
-
-, , , , , , , -
, , ()
-, , ( )
- ,
( /)
( //)
,
( //)


,

124


,
() - (/)-

() - (//)


() -
( //)

( //)

( //)
() -
( , , )
, -









() -
(//-)
() - ,
() - , ,



- - ,
(map) (, , ),

125

 ,
-
-- - -
,
( /)-

-





- , , (//)






( , )-

-() - - ,
-
() - - ( / )

() - , ()
, -

() - ,
( - ) - ,
( = + )
, ( ) (-)
- (), , ( , )
() - ( )
,

126

() - ( ) ( //)
, ,
() - ( ) (Steppees)
() -
- -, , , , , ,
-, , , , . ,
-, , , , , ,
(/)-


(//)-




(//)-

(//) -

() = , ,
( ) . , ( ) ()
() = -, , , , ,
( = , = ,
() = - ( -- , ),
( )
() = -, ( , ) =
( ) ()

() = -, , , ,

-
() = -, , , -

() -
- -

127

() , ,
, ( , . . /)
() -
() -
( x )

()
,
,
(/)-




(/)-


-
() -
() - ( //-), ) ()
( ) (
. ) ( )
() -

() -
( )
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( )
() - , ,

() - ( )
- (
) ,
- , ()


-
, , ( ),
128

 ( ) ,
( ) ( , ) (
) (
) ()

(/)-







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( ) , ( =
, = ) ( )
( = )

( = , = , = ) ( =
) ( ) ( =
) ()
()

(, , /)



( /-)


129

 () ()

( /-)

( , , , )
,




() .",
,"
-
() - ( = )
(-




( //,-, //-, )
, ( /-)
(/)-




(//)





() - , -
() - ( ),
( )
( //)
( )
() ( ///)
130

 ( /)

( ///)

( , , )
() - ()
, , -
-



() -() -
()

( ) ( //)

( /) ( ///, ///)
( //)

(//)





() - ( ) ,
( (/-)

(Geo synchronous orbit)
() -() - -

() -() ()- ()
,
, () ()-
( )
(." , ." ) -
-
() . () -
131


" , " , " , "
,

( ,
) () - ,
,
() -
( )-
( , )

, -
(/)-


, -
()
, -



() - () -" , "



(-, /-)



(, //-)
() ,
,

132

() " , " ( )
( )
() , -
() () ,
() " , "
() () ,
() ,
- , , . ,
, , , ,
,
() -() - , ,
(
)

-
,
( )
( ) ,
- -

, ,



() - ,
- --
-
--
--
() -

() -
() -
() -
()
133


() -
,
,

,
( ..)
,
-


- ( //, //)
( ///)-. ,

( /)

( ///)
-
- - , ,

( ) ( )
(//-, , , //, //, //),
(//-), , , . (/), (. /-)
. ( -)

134

 - x , x , x , x , x , x ,
x
() - , ,

.. x + =
, .
- -
,/ = ,
-
..
() - .. -
,

() - , , ..

(, ,) (-)



,
(- ) ,

135

, (/-)


,
, , -

() - .. ,
-
( )
-


(, )


- -










() ( ) -
,
,
= ( -) ,
, - ()
() ()
() ()
() () () ( , -,)

136

 -

- () ()
() ()
()
() () ()
( , , )
() ,
, , =,
( =) , ,

()


() , ?
,
,

() - ,
() -
-
- , -
() - -
- -
,
() -

, , -
,
, ,

() = ?

137

() -- ..

() - ..- ()

, .. ,
- x = ..
. , - ( )
..

(- - , )

.
() - -- ..

-() - -- ..
() -
-- ..
-- ... -- . -- ... ()
- -- ..
,
- ()
( .. )

() -

, ( =, , )
(
) ,
()
() - ( ..)
.. () ( )
.. () () () ( ) () .

()() () () , ( )
138


( -- ..)
-

- (/-)



(/)-
---

---

--

() -
( = )
(?) (-- ..) ..

() - ()

()


( , //)
()
(/)- , , ,
, ,
()- (, /)
()
() ( , )
(//)-
(//)


-(/)-

- ( /)- ,
139

 ()
() - ..
(Annals of Rajsthan)
..
- - ( , . ) () ()

( )
-, ,

, (/)


(/)-



() -
, (,
)
http://bible.tmtm.com/wiki/NINEVEH_%28Jewish_Encyclopedia%29The Aryan Medes, who had attained to organized power east and northeast of Nineveh,
repeatedly invaded Assyria proper, and in 607 succeeded in destroying the city
Media-From BibleWiki (Redirected from Medes)-They appear to have been a branch of the
Aryans, who came from the east bank of the Indus,
,
- (/) --- ()
() ( )-
(- )
() - ( - )
()

140

History of the Calendar, by M.N. Saha and N. C. Lahiri (part C of the Report of The Calendar
Reforms Committee under Prof. M. N. Saha with Sri N.C. Lahiri as secretary in November 1952Published by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110001, 1955,
Second Edition 1992.
Page, 168-last para-Caesar wanted to start the new year on the 25th December, the winter
solstice day. But people resisted that choice because a new moon was due on January 1, 45
BC. And some people considered that the new moon was lucky. Caesar had to go along with
them in their desire to start the new reckoning on a traditional lunar landmark.
,
.
,
() -

( )
() ( ),
() ( )-


,


= ( = ) ( )
() , ,

, -
()
, , , ", ( )
( , ), - , ,

-
( ..) - ..
.. ( )
-- .., , --

141

 --, -- --, ,
" - Date of Sri Rama, , ,

.. /

(-- .. )

/,

--, , . ./
--, .

./-

-- . .
--, , . . , /
---, . . -
---, . .
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--, . .
--, . .
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--, . .
--,, , . .- ,
--, , . . ,
--, . .
--, . .
--, . .

142

 --, . .
--, .// . .- ,
--, . .-
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--, .- .-
--, . .
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-- . .
-- . .
-- . .
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-- ,., .,
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-- . .
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-- , . .
-- , . . ,
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-- . . ,
-- . .
-- . . , , ,

143

 -- ., / , .

-- . . ,
-- . .
-- . . ,

-- , , ., .
-- . . , ,

-- . .
-- . .
-- . . ,
-- . .
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-- ..- -
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-- . .-
-- . .-
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-- . .-
-- . .-
-- . / - ,
-- . /- ,
-- . -/- ,
-- . //-
-- . /-
- -

144

 -() - ( -- .., ), , - .., , ,

() , , -- .., , / ,
,
() - , -- .., , ,
-
() , -- .., ,
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( )
,



(- )
( , , -

- ()
,

- - ( ), (), (), ( , , )
( )
-- ( ) -

( , , /)


( , , /)
( //)
, (/)


145

- () --- ()
() ( ) () ()
- , ,
-- .. , ,
. .. ( . ),
.
-- .. , -- ..
-- .. --,
- ,,,,, (=), -- ( =) ,,,
( =)-,,
-- .. --
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= -", = -

()

--

----

---

. .

----

.
-----

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, , , , , , ,
, +

() -
(, )
, , , , , , ,

,



146

- ,
- ,
,
,
..
,
,

(Sector) , ()
(Lighthouse)
-- ()


, ,





, -
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, -

() -
-
.
(
..) ,

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, -
, ..
- (- = ..)
.

(, ) - ,

147



, (/)-
(//-)-


( /)
(/)-

- - - --- ()

- (/) --- ()
-, -


- (/-)-

, ( ) () () (

, - ()

= (- ) (
, ) , (- )
-
.. , () ..- -- .. . --
-- , -- ..
() ..- ,
..
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-- ..
-- , -- ,

148

() ..- - ,
-- . --
--
() .- () --- , -- , - --,
() -- - . --,
..
() - ..
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( )
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,
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(/-)




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(/)-


() |
|| ||
--- -
.

( ..) (- )
,
, http://indepigr.narod.ru/licchavi/content81.htm
149

() - - ..
.. .
..
() - , -
..
() , ,
() , , ( , ) -
,
() , ,
() , ,
() , ,
() , , -
() , ,
() , ,
() , ,
() , , - ( )
() , , ( )
,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licchavi_(kingdom).

- = .. - -


() - (PCP= Perfect Cosmological Principle)-
( ) - (Homogenous),
(Isotropic), (Steady)
, - -, , ,

150

, - ( ), ( ), ( )
-, , - ,
- , ( ,//)
- -
, - , (),
, , ,

- () -
(. . /)
() ,
- Mysterious Universe

- ( //)
- ( //)

()

() -





,

()
-
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, , , ,
() () - (M-string theory)
-
151

 , , , ,

() ,

() , ,
- -
,
,
, ,
,
,
() --, - , -, -, -, -,
() = ,

-() , () , () , () , () , () , () , ()
() x = ()
()


() -() = , () = , ,
() () () , ()
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152

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153

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154



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155

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156

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157

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) - 158


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159

 , (Pacific ocean)
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160

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161

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162