`k H$m ì`mdhm[aH$ AW©

AéU Hw$_ma CnmÜ`m`, AmB©.nr.Eg.

~r-9, gr~r-9, H¡$ÊQ>moZ_oÊQ> amoS>,
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1. `k gå~ÝYr gÝXoh-Bg boI H$m CÔoí` `k gå~ÝYr H$B© YmaUmAm| Am¡a gÝXohmo§ H$m {ZamH$aU h¡-
(1) Ap½Z _| _ÝÌm| Ho$ CÀMmaU g{hV Kr `m AÝ` gm_J«r H$s Amhþ{V XoZm hr `k h¡Ÿ&
(2) Hw$N> nXmWm] H$s Amhþ{V go dmVmdaU n{dÌ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
(3) `k Ûmam dfm© `m gÝVmZmoËn{Îm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&
(4) ~hþV àmMrZ H$mb _| d¡{XH$ `wJ Wm O~ `k hmoVo WoŸ&
(5) `k _| new ~{b hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
(6) gmam OrdZ X¡{ZH, _m{gH$, dm{f©H$ `k H$aZo Mm{h`oŸ&
(7) `k hr ûm«oîR>V_ H$_© h¡Ÿ&
(8) `k H$aHo$ CgH$m ~Mm hþAm h{dî`mÝZ hr ImZm Mm{h`oŸ&
(9) gmo_ VWm Ap½Z H$m {_bZ hr `k h¡Ÿ&
2. `k H$r n[a^mfm-BZ gÝXohm| Ho$ {ZamH$aU Ho$ {b`o gd©àW_ `k H$s n[a^mfm {ZYm©[aV H$aZr hmoJrŸ& BgHo$
{b`o JrVm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go g_PZm Á`mXm Cn`moJr hmoJmŸ& doX H$m AW© ~«m÷U J«ÝW h¢ `m Zht, Bg {ddmX H$m _hÎd
Bg_| Zht h¡Ÿ& doX H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {b`o ~«m÷U J«ÝW (~«m÷U=ì`m»`m, AmaÊ`H$=à`moJ, VWm Cn{ZfX²={gÕmÝV)
VWm BgHo$ A{V[aº$ H$ën, JmWm, Zmame§gr, nwamU, {dÚm, íbmoH$, gyÌ, ì`m»`mZ, AZwì`m»`mZ, B{Vhmg Am{X
BgHo$ AW© H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {b`o Adí`H$ h¢Ÿ& do doX Ho$ A“ _mZo Om`| `m Zht doX H$mo g_PZo Ho$ {b`o Amdí`H$ h¢Ÿ-
Añ` _hVmo ^yVñ` {Z:íd{gV_oVÚѽdoXmo `Owd}X: gm_doXmWdm©{“ag B{Vhmg: nwamU§ {dÚm Cn{ZfX: íbmoH$m
gyÌmÊ`Zwì`m»`mZm{Z ì`m»`mZmÝ`ñ`¡d¡Vm{Z gdm©{U {Z:íd{gVm{ZŸ& (eVnW ~«m.14/4/10)
Ed{__o gd} doXm {Z{_©VmñgH$ënm: gahñ`m: g~«m÷Um: gmon{ZfËH$m: go{Vhmgm: gmÝdm»`mZm: gnwamUm:,
gñdam:,gg§ñH$mam:, g{Zéº$m: gmZwemgZm: gmZw_mO©Zm:, gdmH$modmŠ`m:Ÿ&(JmonW nyd© 2/4)
BZ g¡ÕmpÝVH$ MMm©Am| Ho$ A{V[aº$ nwamUm| go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ dmñVd _| `k H¡$go hþ`o Wo-
B{Vhmg nwamUmä`m§ doX§ g_wn~¥§h`oV²Ÿ& {~^oË`ënûmwVmÛoXmo _m_`§ àh[aî`{VŸ&(_hm^maV 1/1/67)
Cn{ZfX² doX Ho$ {gÕmÝV h¢ VWm JrVm CZH$m gma-g‘>bZ h¡Ÿ-gdm}n{ZfXmo Jmdmo Xmo½Ym JmonmbZÝXZ:Ÿ&
JrVm gwJrVm H$V©ì`m {H$_Ý`¡: emñÌ{dñVa¡:Ÿ& `m ñd`§ nÙZm^ñ` _wIn‘>O {d{ZJ©VmŸ&&
{ZamH$ma na_oída H$s dmUr doX ê$n _| H¡$go àH$Q> hþ`r BgH$m H$moB© Vm{H©$H$ `m ì`mdhm[aH$ dU©Z Zht h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVw
JrVm na_oída Ho$ g§{ZH$f© _Zwî` ê$n _| ûm«rH¥$îU H$s dmUr h¡Ÿ&
`k n[a^mfm gå~ÝYr JrVm dmŠ` {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
`kmWm©ËH$_©Umo@Ý`Ì bmoH$mo@`§ H$_© ~ÝYZ:Ÿ&(JrVm 3/9)
gh`km: àOm: g¥îQ²>dm nwamodmM àOmn{V:Ÿ& AZoZ àg{dÜ`îd_of dmo@pñËdîQ>H$m_YwH²$Ÿ& (JrVm 3/10)
Ed§ àd{V©V§ MH«§$...(JrVm 3/16)
AV: `k Ho$ bjU h¢-(1) `>h EH$ {deof àH$ma H$m H$_© h¡Ÿ& (2) `k àOm Ho$ gmW hr CËnÝZ hþAmŸ& AV: `h
gXm ahoJm O~ VH$ àOm ahoJrŸ& (3) Bggo CËnmXZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& d¡eo{fH$ Xe©Z Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© Z`r dñVw Zht
~ZVr h¡Ÿ& nwamZr dñVwAm| H$o AUwAm| Ho$ {_bZ go Z`r dñVw ~ZVr h¡Ÿ& `h Ap½Z VWm gmo_ H$m 4 àH$ma H$m {_bZ
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 h¡Ÿ& (4) BîQ> dñVw H$m CËnmXZ hr `k h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ gmW AZwn`moJr dñVw ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& (5) `k n«{H«$`m MH«$
_| hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
BZ 5 bjUm| go `wº$ H$m`© `k h¡ Ÿ& AV: BgH$s n[a^mfm hþ`r-
`k dh H$_© h¡ Omo MH«$s` H«$_ _| BpÀN>V dñVw H$m CËnmXZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
JrVm AÜ`m` 8 _| AÝ` àH$ma go Bgo g_Pm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& gånyU© {díd ~«÷ h¡Ÿ& Bg_| ha àH$ma H$s AmÝV[aH$ VWm
~mô` J{V h¡Ÿ& Omo J{V XrIVr h¡ dh H$_© h¡ Ÿ& AmYw{ZH$ ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ _| H$_© H$s n[a^mfm h¡-
H$_©=~b x {dñWmnZ Ÿ&
ha àH$ma H$m H$_© `k Zht h¡Ÿ& d¥j go nÎmo {JaZm, dñVwAm| H$m nwamZm hmoH$a ZîQ> hmoZm H$_© h¡, na `k Zht h¡Ÿ&
dhr H$_© `k h¡ Omo MH«$ _| BîQ> dñVw H$m CËnmXZ H$aoŸ&
3. Ap½Z-gmo_ H$m {_bZ-~«÷ê$n g^r nXmWm] H$mo 2 ^mJm| _| ~m±Q>m J`m h¡-Ap½Z, VWm gmo_Ÿ& Ap½Z Ho$ H$B© AW©
h¢- d{• (AmJ), AJ«Ur (ZoVm, àW_ CËnÝZ), R>mog {nÊS> (n¥Ïdr=n¥Wwb)Ÿ& BZ g^r H$m g_Ýd` H$aZo go nXmW©
H$m KZr^yV ê$n Ap½Z h¡Ÿ& g¥pîQ> à{H«$`m _| nXmW© H$m H«$_e: gKZ ê$n ~ZVm h¡, AV: àW_ {H«$`m `m A{J« gKZ
ê$n hr h¡Ÿ& _Zwî` ê$n ZoVm _| g^r d¡Ym{ZH$ e{º$`m§ KZr^yV ahVr h¢Ÿ& BgHo$ {dnarV AmH$me _| àgm[aV nXmW©
gmo_ h¡ Omo {dab nXmW© `m e{º$ h¡Ÿ& `h Ap½Z Ûmam {Z`pÝÌV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Ádmbm ê$nr Ap½Z ^r COm© `m Vmn H$m
gKZ ê$n h¡Ÿ&
Ap½Z-gmo_ Hm$ {_bZ 4 àH$ma go hmoVm h¡-
(1) Ap½Z+Ap½Z-O¡go BªQ> na BªQ> Omo‹S> H$a Xrdmb ~ZVr h¡Ÿ& na_mUw H$Um| go na_mUw, CZgo AUw, eara H$mof
(H${bb=Cell), eara Am{X ~ZVo h¢Ÿ&
(2) Ap½Z+gmo_-(H$)Ap½Z _| gmo_ H$s Amhþ{VŸ& O¡go H$ma Ho$ BÄOZ _| noQ´>mob ObZo go B{ÀN>V J{V hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
(I) Ap½Z H$m gmo_ ê$n _| àgma-_wº$ ê$n _| Ap½Z \¡$b H$a gmo_ hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Ap½Z H$m {d{H$aU KZr^yV
Ho$ÝÐr` ñWmZ go gab aoIm _| hmoVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m YmaU ûm«dm Ûmam hmoZo H$mo H$maU H$hm h¡ {H$ ûm«Õm (ûm«V²+Ym) go
gmo_ hmoVm h¡Ÿ-ûm«ÕËñd gmoå`o{V (N>mÝXmo½` Cn.6/12/3)Ÿ& gm_mÝ`V: {H$gr ûm«oîR> _Zwî` Ho$ à{V AÝ` Hm
AZwJV gå~ÝY ûm«Õm H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& `h ^r Xmo ì`{º$`m| Ho$ ~rM a¡{IH$ gå~ÝY _mZm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
(3) gmo_+gmo_-àgm[aV nXmWm] H$m {_bZ-O¡go hdm _| J¡gm| H$m {_ûm«U, nmZr _| MrZr H$m Kmob, ZXr H$s Ymam
H$mo {d^m{OV H$a {g§MmB©, nrZo Ho$ {b`o ì`dhma Ÿ&
4. MH«$s` H«$_-AmYw{ZH$ nXmW© {dkmZ _| Cî_m-J{VH$s H$o {ÛVr` {Z`_ _| gmXr H$mZm} Ûmam H$hm J`m h¡ {H$
MH«$s` H«$_ _| hr BÄOZ g~go Á`mXm H$m`© H$aVm h¡Ÿ(`Wm \o$_mZ boŠMg© BZ {\${OŠg, n¥îR> 557-560)Ÿ&
N>mÝXmo½` Cn{ZfX² _| {Z_m©U H$«_ Ho$ 5 `m 7 ^mJ ~Vm`o J`o h¢- nÄM{dY `m gßV{dY gm_Ÿ(AÜ`m` 2)Ÿ& Cgr
AÜ`m` _| gådËga, n{V-nËZr {_bZ, dfm©, _Zwî` eara H$m {Z_m©U, g¥pîQ> Am{X Ho$ 5 IÊS>m| H$mo AbJ-AbJ
gm_ H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& `h g^r `k h¢Ÿ& {deofH$a g¥pîQ> {Z_m©UH$m H«$_ 5 newAm| Ho$ ê$n _| H$hm J`m h¡-AO, A{d,
Jmo, Aíd, _Zwî`Ÿ& Bgr AW©_| nwéf H$s CËn{Îm 5dt Amhþ{V _| H$hr J`r h¡ (N>mÝXmo½` 5/9)Ÿ& `hm§ new H$m AW©
H$wN> {deof JwU-H$_m] Ho$nXmW© h¢Ÿ& d¡go JwU dmbo newAm| H$mo dhr Zm_ {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Amhþ{V H$m AW© ^r AmJ _|
{H$gr nXmW© H$mo ObmZm Zht h¡, daZ² EH$ nXmW© H$m H«$_e: AJbo nXmWm] _| ê$nmÝVa h¡Ÿ&
JrVm _| Bg MH«$s` H«$_ H$mo 7 IÊS>m| _| ~m§Q>m J`m h¡-
AÝZmX²^dpÝV ^yVm{Z nO©Ý`mXÝZgå^d:Ÿ& `kmX²^dpÝV nO©Ý`mo `k: H$_© g_wX²^d:Ÿ&14Ÿ&
H$_ª ~«÷moX²^d§ {d{Õ ~«÷mja g_wX²^d_²Ÿ& Vñ_mËgd©JV§ ~«÷ {ZË`§ `ko à{VpîR>V_²Ÿ&15Ÿ&
Ed§ àd{V©V§ MH«§$--(15) -JrVm, AÜ`m` 3
(1) Aja-`h MoVZ H$Îmm© ê$n h¡Ÿ-ja: gdm©{U ^yVm{Z Hy$Q>ñWmo@ja CÀ`Vo (JrVm 15/16)Ÿ&
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(2) ~«÷-gd©JV AWm©V² g^r nXmWm] _| h¡Ÿ& `hm§ gd©-ì`mnr nXmW© H$mo ~«÷ H$hm h¡Ÿ, CgH$m H$Îmm© ê$n Aja h¡Ÿ&
(3) H$_©-{Og nXmW© H$s ñnîQ> J{V h¡ dh H$_© h¡Ÿ& ewŠb H$_© ~mha go XrIVm h¡, H¥$îU J{V ~mha go Zht
XrIVrŸ& O¡go _Zwî` H$m MbZm, hmW-n¡a {hbmZm Am{X ewŠb J{V h¢Ÿ& eara Ho$ ^rVa H$m nmMZ, ídmg, {MÝVZ,
Zm‹S>r _| àmU H$m àdmh Am{X H¥$îU J{V h¢Ÿ& Cgr àH$ma nm{W©d eara Ho$ A“ n¥Ïdr Ho$VÎdm| _| brZ hmoZm H¥$îU
J{V h¡Ÿ-n¥Ïdr go ~mha go XoIZo na `h AmÝV[aH$ n[adV©Z h¡Ÿ& Omo ^mJ gm¡a _ÊS>b, ~«÷mÊS> go gå~pÝYV h¢, do
AnZo _yb òmoV _| {_bVo h¢ dh ewŠb J{V hmoJrŸ(JrVm 8/22-26)&
(4) `k-Omo H$_© MH«$s` H«$_ _| BîQ> CËnmXZ H$aVm h¡ dh `k h¡Ÿ&
(5) nO©Ý`-BgH$m empãXH$ AW© _oK h¡Ÿ& na `hm§ _oK AW© C{ÔîQ> Zht h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ 2 IÊS> h¢-n[a+OÝ`Ÿ& AWm©V²
OZZ Ho$ {b`o n[apñW{V `m dmVmdaU H$aZmŸ& nO©Ý` Ho$ Xmo IÊS> hþ`o-{H«$`m `m CËnmXZ H$m joÌ, Cg_o§ {Z_m©U
`mo½` n[apñW{VŸ&
(6) AÝZ-{Og nXmW© H$m Cn^moJ {H$`m Om gHo$ dh AÝZ h¡Ÿ& O¡go gån{Îm (AÝZ) H$m ^moº$m (AÝZmX) ~‹S>m
^mB© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: ~‹S>o ^mB© H$mo AÝZm H$hVo h¢ (X{jU ^maV _|)Ÿ& AÎmm {h dra:(dra^mo½`m dgwÝYam Ho$ AW© _|)
-(eVnW ~«m.4/2/1/9)Ÿ& AV: CÎma-npíM_ ^maV _| ~‹S>o ^mB© H$mo dra H$hVo h¢Ÿ& _moQ>a H$ma _| noQ´>mob ObVm h¡, CgHo$ {b`o
dhr AÝZ h¡Ÿ& n‹T>mZo _| _pñVîH$ H$s e{º$ IM© hmoVr h¡, Á`mXm n[aûm«_ hmoZo na H$hVo ^r h¢-_oam {ga _V ImAmoŸ&
(7) ^yV-^yV H$m AW© Ma-AMa, gOrd-{ZOud g^r h¢Ÿ& AÝZ Ho Cn^moJ Ûmam {H«$`merb nXmW© ^yV h¡Ÿ&
nwZ: (1) Aja-^yVm| H$m {H«$`merb ê$n hr Aja h¡Ÿ& ja ~«÷ nXmWm] H$s g§h{V h¡ {OgH$s aMZm _| gXm n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm
h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z CgH$m H$m`©ê$n n[aM` dhr ahVm h¡¡, Omo XrIVm Zht h¡, AV: Hy$Q>ñW H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
(5) `k VWm H$mb-`kHo$ MH«$s` H«$_ Ho$ H$mb Ûmam hr H$mb H$s _mn hmoVr h¡Ÿ& nwéf 4 nmX H$m hmoZo go AO H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
Cg_| namËna H$m empãXH$ dU©Z gå^d Zht h¡, AV: dU©Zr` ê$n _| CÎm_ Aì`` H$mo nwéfmoÎm_ `m AO H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
Ûm{d_m¡ nwéfm¡ bmoHo$ jaíMmja Ed MŸ& ja: gdm©{U ^yVm{Z Hy$Q>ñWmo@ja CÀ`VoŸ&16Ÿ&
CÎm_: nwéfñËdÝ`: na_mË_oË`wXmöV:Ÿ& `mo bmoH$Ì`_m{dí` {~^Ë`©ì`` B©ída:Ÿ&17Ÿ&
`ñ_mËja_VrVmo@h_jamX{n MmoÎm_:Ÿ& AVmo@pñ_ bmoHo$ doXo M à{WV: nwéfmoÎm_:Ÿ&18Ÿ&(JrVm, AÜ`m` 15)
AOmo@{n gÝZì``mË_m ^yVmZm_rídamo@{n gZ²Ÿ& (JrVm 4/6)
H$mb Ho$ 2 ê$nm| H$m Á`mo{Vf _| dU©Z h¡-{ZË` H$mb gXm bmoH$m| H$m jaU H$aVm h¡, OÝ` H$mb _mnm OmVm h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam Á`mo{Vf
H$s JUZm`| hmoVr h¢Ÿ-bmoH$mZm_ÝVH¥$ËH$mb: H$mbmoÝ`: H$bZmË_H$:Ÿ& (gy`© {gÕmÝV 1/10)
O~ H$mb {ZË` h¡ Vmo bmoH$ ({díd `m ì`{º$) A{ZË` `m jaUerb hmoVo h¢Ÿ& jaU H$s à{H«$`m EH$ hr {Xem _| MbVr h¡Ÿ& àË`oH$
gOrd `m {ZOud dñVw gXm nwamZr hmoVr ahVr h¡, AÝV _| ZîQ> hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& EH$ ~ma Omo AdñWm Mbr J`r dh dmng Zht AmVr,
AV: {ZË` H$mb H$mo _¥Ë`w ^r H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
H$mbmo@pñ_ bmoH$j`H¥$Ëàd¥Õmo, bmoH$mÝg_mhVw©{_h àd¥Îm:Ÿ&(JrVm 10/32)
BgH$m àW_ ^mJ {ZË` H$mb H$s n[a^mfm h¡, {ÛVr` ^mJ VmËH$m{bH$ H$_© h¡Ÿ&
_Zwî` H$mñWyb eara ~mbH$ go ~y‹T>m hmo gH$Vm h¡, na dmng ~ÀMm Zht hmo gH$VmŸ& H$ÀMm \$b nH$ H$a g‹S> OmVm h¡ na dh nwZ:
H$ÀMm Zht hmoVmŸ& AmJ go {ZH$b H$a YwAm§ \¡$b OmVm h¡, dmng Zht {g_Q>VmŸ& {H$ÝVw H$wN> {H«$`m`| EH$ hr àH$ma Ho$ MH«$ _| MbVr
ahVr h¢Ÿ& àH¥${VH$ MH«$ h¢-{XZ -amV (n¥Ïdr H$m Aj ^«_U), _mg (MÝÐ H$s gy`© gmnoj J{V), df© (n¥Ïdr Ûmam gy`© n[aH«$_m
H$m H$mb)Ÿ& gm_mÝ`V: àË`oH$ MH«$ _| {Z_m©U H$m IÊS> {XZ VWm {dZme ^mJ am{Ì H$hVo h¢-
Am~«÷^wdZmëbmoH$m: nwZamd{V©Zmo@Ow©ZŸ&16Ÿ&
ghò`wJn`©ÝV_h`©X²~«÷Umo {dXw:Ÿ& amqÌ `wJ ghòmÝVm§ Vo@hmoamÌ{dXmo OZm:Ÿ&17Ÿ&
Aì`º$mX²ì`º$`: gdm©: à^dÝË`hamJ_oŸ& amÍ`mJ_o àbr`ÝVo VÌ¡dmì`º$g§kHo$Ÿ&18Ÿ& (JrVm AÜ`m` 8)
`Owd}X H$s {d{^ÝZ emImAm| _| Bgo Xe©nyU©_mg `k H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ, Omo MmÝÐ_mg go gå~pÝYV eãX h¡, na g^r {Z_m©U-{dZme
MH«$m| Ho$ {b`o à`wº$ h¡Ÿ& Xe© (MÝÐ-Xe©Z go MmÝÐ _mg H$m Amaå^) go ny{U©_m VH$ H$mb {Z_m©U à{H$`m h¡ O~ MÝÐ_m H$m àH$me
~‹T>Vm h¡Ÿ& ny{U©_m go Xe© VH$ H$m H$mb àH$me H$mj` hmoVmh¡, dh {dZme `m õmg H$m H«$_ h¡Ÿ& nj _| Bgo ewÕ VWm ~hþb {Xdg
(gwXr-~Xr) H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& bmoH$ ^mfm _| Bgo J_Z-dmngr H$hm J`m h¡-J`r ~hmoa Jar~ ZodmOy gab g~b gm{h~ aKwamOyŸ&
(am_M[aV_mZg, gwÝXaH$mÊS>)Ÿ& OJÝZmW aW `mÌm Omo g¥pîQ> `k H$m àVrH$ h¡, dmngr `mÌm H$mo ~hþbm H$hVo h¢-`h {Xì` {XZ
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Ho$ Ah: ^mJ (CÎmam`U) H$s g_mpßV na hmoVm h¡-Ahmoam{ÌíM Vo nmíd} (CÎma Zmam`U gyº$, dm.`Ow.31/22)Ÿ&
Aì`` nwéf n[adV©Z H$m H«$_ h¡, Omo d¥j H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& Bg_| {Z_m©U H$m Amaå^ _yb `m D$Üd© VWm Cggo g¥pîQ> H$s {d{^ÝZ
{Xem`| emIm h¡-CÜd©_yb_Y: emI_ídËW§ àmhþaì``_²Ÿ& N>ÝXm§{g `ñ` nUm©{Z `ñV§ doX g doX{dV²Ÿ&(JrVm 15/1)
Eogo {d{^ÝZ {Z_m©U H«$_m| VWm CZH$s g§h{V H$mo doX _| d¥j VWm dZ H$hm J`m h¡ (F$H²$ 10/81/4 _| àíZ, V¡{Îmar` ~«m.2/
8/9/6-7 _| CÎma)Ÿ& Bgo hr AídËW ^r H$hm h¡-
AídËWo dmo {ZfXZ§ nU} dmo dg{VîH¥$Vm(F$H²$.10/97/5)Ÿ&
{Z_m©U _| H$moB© Z`r MrO Zht ~ZVr, nwamZr MrOm| H$m hr nwZ{d©Ý`g hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: Bgo AO=AOÝ_m H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& ^m¡{VH$
{dkmZ _| Bgo 5 àH$ma Ho$ g§ajU {gÕmÝV Ûmam dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡-_mÌm, AmdoJ, D$Om©, H$moUr` AmdoJ, na_mUw H$Um| _| pñnZ
H$m g§ajUŸ`m (_mÌm+COm©) H$m g§ajUŸ& doX _| ^r Aì`` nwéf H$s 5 H$bm`| h¢-AmZÝX, {dkmZ, _Z, àmU, dmH²$(V¡{Îmar`
Cn.Am{X _|)Ÿ& na BZH$m AbJ dJuH$aU h¡Ÿ&
H$bZmË_H$ H$mb _| ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ _| A^r ^r gÝXoh h¡ {H$ `ÝÌ {dkmZ VWm {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$Ëd _| d{U©V H$mb EH$ hr h¢ `m
AbJŸ& `h JUZm H$s g~go H${R>>Z g_ñ`m h¡, AV: H¥$îU Zo JUZm _| AnZo H$mo H$bZmË_H$ H$mb H$hm h¡-
H$mb: H$b`V_h_²(JrVm 10/30)
Aì`` nwéf go gå~pÝYV H$mb H$mo Aj` H$mb H$hm h¡, {Ogo Jwé-J«ÝW gmh~ Ho$ àW_ N>ÝX _| AH$mb nwéf H$hm h¡-
Ah_odmj`: H$mbmo YmVmh§ {dídVmo_wI:(JrVm10/33)
AV: nwéf VWm H$mb Ho$ 4 nmXm| H$mr VwbZm Bg àH$ma h¡-
nwéf H$mb dU©Z
ja {ZË` (gXm jaU-Thermodynamic arrow of time)
Aja OÝ` (`k Ûmam {Z_m©U-Measurable time cycles)
Aì`` Aj` (g§ajU {gÕmÝV)
namËna namËna (dU©Z go nao)
6.Aíd_oY `k Ho$ 3 ê$n-Aíd H$r n[a^mfm CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ AWm] Ho$ g_Ýd` go {_boJrŸ& _yb AW© AmH$me gå~ÝYr h¡Ÿ& BgH$s
_yb YmVw 2 h¢-Ae ^moOZo(nm.YmVw nmR> 9/54) ,`m -AeyL²>(Ae²) ì`mßVm¡ g§KmVo M(5/18)Ÿ& àm`: Bgr CÀMmaU H$s YmVw
h¡-Ag J{V XrßË`mXmZofw (1/625) `m, Af² J{V XrßË`mXmZofw (1/626)Ÿ& `h gd©ì`mnr e{º$ h¡ Omo J{V Am¡a XrpßV XoVr h¡Ÿ&
J{V `m COm© XoZo Ho$ {b`o Bgo ^moOZ H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& O¡go Kmo‹S>m Jm‹S>r ItMVm h¡, CgHo$ {b`o Cgo ^moOZ H$s Oê$aV h¡Ÿ&
Jm‹S>r Ho$ BÄOZ _| ^r noQ´>mob H$m ^moOZ {_bZo na dh MbVm h¡Ÿ& g_wÐr dm`w ^r Aíd h¡ {Ogo gy`© {H$aUm| goe{º$ {_bVr h¡Ÿ& Cg
e{º$ go nmb H$s Zmd MbVr h¡Ÿ& {Og joÌ _| emÝV dm`w h¡, dh ^Ðmíd-df© h¡Ÿ& AmYw{ZH$ ^yJmob _| Cgo (Horse-latitude)
H$hVo h¢Ÿ(OmnmZ-H$mo[aAm Ho$ X{jU H$m g_wÐ)-`h ^maV go àm`: 900 A§e nyd© h¡Ÿ& AmH$me _| BgH$s CËn{Îm na_oîR>r _ÊS>b Ho$
nXmW© go hþ`r {Ogo Ob H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& gy`© H$mo Bggo e{º$ {_bVr h¡, VWm dh {H$aUm| Ho$ ê$n _| COm© {ZH$mbVm h¡Ÿ& BZ {H$aUm| H$mo
7 àH$ma H$m Aíd H$hVo h¢-Bg AW© _| Aíd eãX 7 g§»`m H$m dmMH$ h¡Ÿ& BÝX«YZwf Ho$ 7 a§Jm| H$mo H$B© bmoJ$ 7 Kmo‹S>o g_PVo h¢Ÿ& na
gy`© {H$aUm| H$m VoO àË`oH$ J«h H$jm Ho$ nmg AbJ-AbJ h¡, CÝh| hr 7 {H$aU| H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Hy$_© nwamU nyd©.(43/2-8) VWm dm`w
nwamU (53/44-50) _| BZHo$ Zm_ h¢-
J«h- ~wY ewH«$ ({dídì`Mm:) n¥Ïdr-MÝÐ _§Jb Jwé e{Z ZjÌ
Zm‹S>r- {dídH$_m© {dídûm«dm gwfwåZm g§`X²dgw Adm©½dgw ñda h[aHo$e
{Xem- X{jU npíM_ ---- CÎma D$na --- nyd©
BZH$m _yb ^r doXm| _| hr h¡-
A`§ nwamo h[aHo$e: gy`©apí_ñVñ` aWJ¥ËgíM aWm¡OmíM goZmZrJ«m_Ê`m¡Ÿ& nwpÄMH$ñWbm M H«$VwñWbm Mmßgagm¡Ÿ&(`Ow.15/15)
A`§ X{jUm{dídH$_m© &(15/16) A`§ níMmX² {dídì`Mm:(15/17), A`_wÎmamV² g§`X²dgw:(18) A`_wn`©dm©½dgw(19)
gy`©apí_h©[aHo$e: nwañVmV²(17/58) gwfwåU: gy`©apí_íMÝÐ_m JÝYd©: (18/40) Am{XŸ&
gy`© apí_`m| go OrdZ H$mo J{V {_bVr h¡Ÿ& BZH$m {Z_m©U ~wY joÌ go Amaå^ h¡-{dídH$_m©Ÿ& Á`mXm VoOñdr ewH«$ H$m joÌ {dídûm«dm
h¡Ÿ& n¥Ïdr Ho$ nmg g_-erVmoîU joÌ h¡Ÿ-gwfwåZmŸ& `h gy`© go {dH$sU© A§Jmam| (A{“am) VWm na_oîR>r Ho$ AmH${f©V erV nXmW© H$m
gÝVwbZ hmoZo go A{Ì h¡Ÿ& gy`© ê$nr {damQ²> nwéf Ho$ Mjw Ûmam `h CÝnÝZ h¡ O¡go _mVm {nVm Ho$ g§`moJ go gÝVmZ H$m OÝ_ hmoVm h¡-
AW Z`Z g_wËW§ Á`mo{VaÌo[adÚm¡: gwag[a[Xd VoOmo d{• {ZîR>çyV_¡e_²Ÿ&
Zan{VHw$b ^yË`¡ J^©_mYÎm amkr .... (aKwd§e 2/75)Ÿ&
-4-
^m¡{VH$ Aíd_oY H$m CÔoí` h¡ n¥Ïdr na `mVm`mV Am¡a gÄMma H$s ~mYm Xya H$aZmŸ&Aíd_oY H$s nmaån[aH$
H$WmAm| _| `hr {XIm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ Kmo‹S>m gånyU© ^maV _| A~mY J{V go Ky_ gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& am_m`U _| 2 ñWmZm| na
Aíd_oY H$m dU©Z h¡Ÿ& amOm XeaW Ho$ nwÌ H$m_opîQ> `k Ho$ g_` ^r Aíd_oY hþAm WmŸ& bo{H$Z Bg_| H$moB© Kmo‹S>m
Zht N>mo‹S>m J`m Omo ^maV n[aH«$_m Ho$ {b`o {ZH$boŸ& {Og g_` am_ 15 df© Ho$Wo Cg g_` {dídm{_Ì amOm
XeaW Ho$ nmg am_ bú_U H$mo _m§JZo Ho$ {b`o J`o WoŸ& XeaW Zo AnZr Am`w 60,000 df© ({XZ) AWm©V² àm`:
164 gm¡a df© H$hr WrŸ& AWm©V² am_ OÝ_ Ho$ g_` CZH$s Am`w 149 df© WrŸ& Bg Am`w _| nwÌ OÝ_ H$amZo Ho {b`o
eara H$m ñdñW hmoZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& AV: nhbo Aíd_oY`k Ûmam àmU H$m eara _| àdmh {Z~m©Y{H$`m J`m AWm©V²
Zm‹S>r-emoYZ {H$`m J`mŸ& Bg Zm_ H$m EH$ àmUm`m_ ^r h¡Ÿ& V~ EH$ hr H$mo{fH$m H$mo 4 ^mJm| _| ~m§Q> H$a 4
am{Z`m| H$m J^m©YmZ hþAmŸ& Xoe Ho$ {b`o O¡go dmhZm| H$r J{V h¡, Cgr àH$ma eara _| àmUm| H$m àdmh h¡Ÿ& AídHo$
{d{^ÝZ AWm] _| à`moJ-
(1) J{Verb Ap½Z `m {dÛmZ²-à ZyZ§ OmVdoXg_² Aíd§ {hZmoVŸ&
dm{OZ_² BX§ Zmo ~{h©amgXo(F$H²$.10/188/1, {Zéº$ 7/20)
(2) dr`©-dr`ª dm Aíd:(eVnW.2/1/4/23)
(3) dO«-dO«mo@íd:(eVnW.13/1/2/9)
(4) BÝÐ-BÝÐmo dm Aíd:(H$m¡frV{H$ ~«m.15/4)
(5)AmË_m~«÷ÝZíd§ ^ÝËg`m{_(dmO.g§.22/4, _¡Ìm`j[ g§.3/12/1, eVnW ~«m.13/1/2/4)
(6) H$_}pÝÐ`-Jmo{^aíd{^d©gw{^Ý`¥©îQ>:(F$H²$.10/108/7)
(7) gm¡a e{º$-gm¡`m} dm Aíd:(JmonW CÎma 3/19)
(8) new Aíd-Aídmo _Zwî`mZ² (AdhV²) eVnW ~«m.(10/6/4/1)
(9) déU, Ob `m àOmn{V Ho$ Alw go CËnÝZ-àmOmnË`mo dm Aíd:(eVnW6/5/3/9)
dméUmo dm Aíd:(eVnW.7/5/2/18)
àOmgVoaú`íd`V²Ÿ& VËnamnVÎmVmo@íd: g_^dÚXíd`ÎmXídñ`mídËd_²(eVnW.13/3/1/1)
Aíd_oY `k go amîQ´> `m ì`{º$ XmoZm| H$s e{º$ ~‹T>Vr h¡-
lrd£ amîQ´>_íd_oY:(eVnW 132/9/2, V¡{Îmar` ~«m.3/9/7/1)
àmUmnmZm¡ dm EVm¡ XodmZm_²Ÿ& `XH$m©íd_oYm¡Ÿ&(V¡{Îmar` ~«m.3/9/21/3)
Ef (Aíd_oY:) d¡ ~«÷dM©gr Zm_ `k:Ÿ& Ef d¡ VoOñdr Zm_ `k:Ÿ&
Ef d¡ A{Vì`mYr Zm_ `k:Ÿ&(V¡.3/9/19/3)
BÄOZ H$s e{º$ H$s _mn H$s EH$ BH$mB© H$m Zm_ ^r Aíde{º$ (Horsepower) h¡Ÿ& àmMrZ H$mb _| ^r
hOma Kmo‹S>o dmbo aW H$m dU©Z h¡ (O¡go KQ>moËH$M H$m aW)Ÿ& {H$gr Jm‹S>r _| hOma Kmo‹S>o bJmZm gå^d Zht h¡, `h
CgHo$ BÄOZ H$s e{º$ H$s hr _mn hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma AOw©Z H$m {Xì` aW H$^r H$^r ^y{_ go D$na ^r
MbVm WmŸ& gm_mÝ` Kmo‹S>o H$m aW Cna Zht C‹S> gH$VmŸ&
amOgy` `k-AmH$me _| bmoH$m| H$mo aO H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& CZHo$ {Z_m©U VWm nmbZ H$s {H«$`m hr amOgy` `k h¡Ÿ& amO
EH$ àH$ma H$m gmo_ h¡Ÿ& Cg gmo_ go bmoH$m| H$m {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡ VWm CZH$m ê$n ~Zm ahVm h¡Ÿ-
B_o d¡ bmoH$m aOm§{g(dmO.`Ow.11/6, eVnW.6/7/3/10)
gy` H$m empãXH$ AW© g¥pîQ> `m OZZ h¡Ÿ& AV: amOgy` H$m AW© amO gmo_ go bmoH$m| H$s CËn{Îm h¡Ÿ&
gmo_mo d¡îUdmo amOoË`mh (eVnW.13/4/3/8)
`mo amOgy`: g déU gd: (eVnW.5/3/4/12, V¡{Îmar`.2/7/6/1)
Vñ_mÐmOgy`oZoOmZ: gd©_m`wao{V(V¡{Îmar`.1/7/7/5)
-5-
déU Ho$ Ob g_wÐ (~«÷mÊS> `m AmH$meJ§Jm H$mnXmW©) go gm¡a _ÊS>b H$s g¥pîQ> hþ`rŸ& _mVm Ho$ J^© _| eara H$m
{dH$mg Ob go {Ka H$a hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ& OÝ_ Ho$ ~mX ^r Obr` àdmh (aº$gÄMma , nmMZ Am{X) Ûmam eara H$m
{dH$mg VWm nmbZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& amÁ` H$m nmbZ àOm go H$a boH$a {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go amÁ` H$r ajm hmoVr h¡Ÿ, O¡go
_hm^maV _| `w{YpîR>a H$m amOgy` `kŸ&
dmOno` `k-dmO ^r EH$ àH$ma H$m gmo_ h¡Ÿ& dmOr H$aU H$m AW© eara H$s e{º$ ~‹T>mZm h¡Ÿ& AV: eara H$m amoJ
Xya H$a {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ ì`m`m_m| go CgH$s e{º$ ~‹T>mZm hr dmOno` `k h¡Ÿ& amÁ` H$s e{º$ ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {b`o bmoJm|
H$s {ejm, g¡Ý` e{º$, CËnmXZ Am{X Cnm` h¢Ÿ&
7. JrVm Ho$ `k-JrVm (4/24-32) _| H$B© àH$ma Ho$ `km| H$m dU©Z h¡Ÿ&
(1) ~«÷`k-àm`: ^moOZ Ho$ g_` `h JrVm _ÝÌ H$hm OmVm h¡-
~«÷mn©U§ ~«÷h{d~«©÷m½Zm¡ ~«÷Um hþV_²Ÿ& ~«÷¡d VoZ JÝVì`§ ~«÷H$_©g_m{YZmŸ&(4/24)
àm`: Bgr Ame` Ho$ àíZ CÎma doX _| h¢-BÝh| Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {b`o g§{hVm-~«m÷U XmoZm| H$mo doX _mZZm Oê$ar h¡Ÿ&
qH$ pñdX² dZ§ H$ C g d¥j Amg `Vmo Úmdm n¥{Wdr {ZîQ>Vjw:Ÿ&
_Zr{fUmo _Zgm n¥ÀN>VoXw VX² `XÜ`{VîR>X² ^wdZm{Z Yma`Z²Ÿ&(F$H²$.10/81/4)
~«÷dZ§ ~«÷ g d¥j Amg `Vmo Úmdm n¥{Wdr {ZîQ>Vjw:Ÿ&
_Zr{fUmo _Zgm {d~«dr{_ dmo ~«÷mÜ`{VîR>X² ^wdZm{Z Yma`Z²Ÿ&(V¡{Îmar` ~«m.2/8/9)
^moOZ _| An©U-{H«$`m, h{d, Ap½Z, hdZ-{H«$`m, n[aU{V VWm H$_©-g^r ~«÷ h¢Ÿ& ì`mnH$> ê$n _| g^r `km| _|
h{d, `k Am{X ~«÷ hr h¢Ÿ& g¥pîQ> `k _| d¥j ({Z_m©U H«$_), dZ (H«$_m| H$m g_yh), nXmW©, AmYma-g^r ~«÷
h¢Ÿ& _yb ~«÷ ag ê$n h¡, CgH$s g¥pîQ {deof h¡, AV: ~«÷H$mo {Z{d©eof H$hm h¡-CgH$s g¥pîQ> ~«÷ go ñVå~
n`©ÝV(gm§»` Xe©Z) {deof h¢Ÿ& BZ Xmo àH$ma Ho$ dU©Zm| H$mo e‘>a VWm am_mZwO Xe©Z H$hm J`m h¡-
Ed§ JOoÝÐ_wnd{U©V {Z{d©eof§ ~«÷mX`mo {d{dY{b“{^Ym{^_mZm:(^mJdV nwamU _| JOoÝÐ _moj)
g^r _| A^oX ~«÷ ÑpîQ> aIZo go g_m{Y VWm ~«÷ pñW{V àmßV hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
(2) X¡d `k-> X¡d_odmnao `k§ `mo{JZ: n`w©nmgVoŸ& ~«÷m½Zmdnao `k§ `koZ¡dmonOwˆ{VŸ&(4/25)
`moJ Ho$ 8 A§J Ûmam H«$_e: EH$ `k H$m Xygao `k _| hdZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AÝV _| ~«÷mp½Z _| ñd`§ H$m hdZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
MoVZ VÎd H$s ~«÷-gm`wÁ`Vm Ho$ A{V[aº$ {ed nwamU _| gVr Ûmam AnZm ñWyb eara `moJmp½Z _| hdZ H$aZoH$m
dU©Z h¡Ÿ& g_m{Y H$s à{H$`m _| ñWyb eara H$m H$_}pÝÐ` _| , CZH$m kmZopÝÐ` _|, CZH$m _Z _|, _Z H$m ~w{Õ _|,
CgH$m Ah‘>ma _|, VWm g~H$m AmË_m _| b` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `hr nwéf gyº$ H$s ApÝV_ F$Mm H$m AmÜ`mpË_H$ AW© h¡Ÿ-
`koZ `k_`OÝV XodmñVm{Z Y_m©{U àW_mÝ`mgZ²²Ÿ&
Vo h ZmH§$ _{h_mZ: gMÝV `Ì nyd} gmÜ`m gpÝV Xodm:Ÿ&(F$H²$.10/96/16)
(3) g§`_-BpÝÐ` `k-{df`mo H$m {Z`ÝÌU BpÝÐ`m| go VWm BpÝÐ`m| H$m {Z`ÝÌU g§`_ go hmoVm h¡-
lmoÌmXrZrpÝÐ`mÊ`Ý`o g§`_mp½Zfw Owˆ{VŸ& eãXmXrZ² {df`mZÝ` BpÝÐ`mp½Zfw Owˆ{V(4/26)
(4) àmUH$_© `k-kmZ Ûmam AmË_g§`_ ê$nr Ap½Z _| BpÝÐ` VWm àmU H$_m] H$s Amhþ{V-
gdm©UrpÝÐ`H$_m©{U àmUH$_m©{U MmnaoŸ& AmË_g§`_`moJm½Zm¡ Owˆ{V kmZXr{nVo(2/27)
(5) X«>ì`, Vn, `moJ, kmZ `k-BZ 4 `km| H$m CëboI EH$ hr íbmoH$ _| h¡-
Ðì``kmñVnmo`km `mJ`kmñVWmnaoŸ& ñdmÜ`m`kmZ`kmíM `V`: g§{eVd«Vm:(2/28)
(6) àmU `k-àmU H$m AnmZ _|, AnmZ H$m àmU _|, VWm {Z`V Amhma Ûmam àmU H$m àmU _| hdZ-
AnmZoOwˆ{V àmU§ àmUo@nmZ§ VWmnaoŸ& àmUmnmZJVr éX²Üdm àmUm`m_ nam`Um:Ÿ&
Anao {Z`Vmhmam: àmUmZ² àmUofw Owˆ{VŸ&(2/29-30)
eara _| ^moOZ H$m J«hU àmU H$m J«hU h¡ {OgH$m AnmZ _| hdZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& H$m_ _|CgH$m IM© hmoZm AnmZ H$m
-6-
àmU _| hdZ h¡Ÿ& ~¥hXmaÊ`H$ Cn{ZfX² (1/5/1) Ho$ AZwgma h_ 7 àH$ma H$m ^moOZ boVo h¢-1._Z `m kmZ,
2.àmU, 3.n¥{Wdr (AÝZ-R>mog), 4. Ob, 5.VoO (àH$me), 6.dm`w (ídmg), 7.AmH$meŸ& d¡eo{fH$ Xe©Z _|
H$mb (`k-MH«$ H$s _mn) VWm AmË_m ( `kH$Îmm©) H$mo {_bm H$a 9 Ðì` H$ho J`o h¢Ÿ& 7 àH$ma Ho$ AÝZm| go 7
àH$ma Ho$ `k hm|JoŸ& Am`wd}X _| àË`oH$ ñVa na AÝZ H$o nmMZ H$s {H«$`m ~Vm`r J`r h¡Ÿ& CgH$m ag AJbo ñVa na
VrZ ^mJm| _| {d^º$ hmoVm h¡-AÝZ_{eV§ ÌoYm {dYr`Vo, Vñ` `: ñW{dîQ>mo YmVwñVËnwarf§ ^d{V, `mo _Ü`ñVÝ_m§g§
`mo@{UîQ>ñVÝ_Z:(N>mÝXmo½` Cn.6/5/1)Ÿ& Am`wd}X Ho$ AZwgma ñWyb ^moOZ 7 ñVam| _| nMVm h¡-
1.ag (X«d)-nwpîQ> H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m _b ^moOZ H$m Adeof h¡ Omo eara go ~mha {ZH$bVm h¡Ÿ&
2.Ag¥H²$(Ðd _| R>mog H$U)-aº$Ÿ& `h OrdZ (dmOrH$aU `m e{º$) XoVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m _b {nÎm h¡Ÿ&
3._m§g-Bg_| _m§gnoer VWm M_© ^r h¡Ÿ& `h eara H$m bonZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m _b H$mZ Ho$ _b Am{X h¢Ÿ&
4._oX(M~u)-`h ñZohZ ({MH$ZmB©) H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m _b ngrZm h¡Ÿ&
5.ApñW(hS²>S>r)-`h YmaU H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgH$m _b Ho$e, ZI h¢Ÿ&
6._ÁOm-hS²>S>r H$m ^rVar ^mJ, _pñVîH$, gwfwåZm VÝÌŸ& `h nyaU (^aZm) H$aVm h¡Ÿ& J«pÝW`m| H$m òmd BgH$m
_b h¡Ÿ&
7.ewH«$(aO,dr`©)-`h AmoOg² XoVm h¡, gÝV{V n¡Xm H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
7 àH$ma Ho$ bmoH$m| H$s à{V_m ê$n eara _| 7 MH«$ h¢Ÿ& BgH$m {díd go gå~ÝY 8 dm§ MH«$ h¡-AîQ>mMH«$m ZdÛmam
XodmZm§ nya`moÜ`mŸ& Vñ`m§ {haÊ``: H$moe: ñdJm} Á`mo{Vfmd¥V: (AWd©.10/2/31)
n§ _YwgyXZ AmoPm Zo g§e` VXwÀN>oXdmX Ho$ `k¡H$gË`mon{ZfX² (A§J«oOr AZwdmX VWm {Q>ßnUr g{hV-~«÷{dÚm
ahñ`_²-E.Eg².am_ZmWZ-amOñWmZ n{ÌH$m, O`nwa-IÊS> 2, n¥îR> 159-176) _| àm`: BÝht H$m dJuH$aU
{H$`m h¡Ÿ& `k H$s n[a^mfm Xr h¡EH$ dñVw H$m Xygao Ho$ CXa _| b` hmoZmŸ& 4 àH$ma Ho$ gå~ÝYm| go 4 àH$ma Ho$ `k
h¢-1.~«÷-H$_©, 2. Ord-B©ída, 3._Z-àmU-dmH²$, 4.kmZ-{H«$`mŸ&
1.~«÷-H$_© `k-~«÷ H$s H$_© _| VWm H$_© H$s ~«÷ _| Amhþ{VŸ& BZ {H«$`mAm| H$mo ~«÷m H$m {XZ Am¡a am{Ì H$hm
J`m h¡Ÿ&
2.Ord-B©ída `k-VËg¥îQ²>dm VXodmZwàm{deV² (V¡{Îmar` Cn.)
3.àmU `k-VrZ àH$ma Ho$ h¢-(H$) _Z-àmU, (I) _Z-dmH²$, (J) àmU-dmH²$Ÿ&
e{º$ Ho$ AZwgma àmU 4 ñVa Ho$ h¢-namoaOm, Am½Zo`, gm¡å`,Amß`Ÿ& {H«$`m Ho$ AZwgma 7 àH$ma Ho$ h¢ Omo _wÊS>H$mon{ZfX²
(1/2/4, 2/1/8) Ho$ AZwgma Ap½Z H$s 7 {ZJbZo dmbr {Oˆm go ~Zo h¢Ÿ& CJbZo (A{M©)o Ho$ {b`o ^r 7
{Oˆm h¢-Hw$b 14 (_Zw) {Oˆm h¢-Ap½Z {Oˆm _Zd:(F$H²$.1/89/7)Ÿ& {H$«`mË_H$ 7 A§Jm| Ho$ H$maU àmU H$mo
gwnU© H$hm J`m h¡, Omo ag ê$n ~«÷ Ho$ g_wX« _| àdoe H$a ^y{_, Ordm| H$s g¥pîQ> H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g¥pîQ> joÌ (^y{_) _mVm
h¡, a{MV nXmW© nwÌ h¡Ÿ& XmoZm| EH$ Xygao H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢ (JrVm 3/11 _|-nañna§ ^md`ÝV:)-àmU-dmH²$
`k-EH$: gwnU©: g g_wÐ_m{ddoe g BX§ ^wdZ§ {d MîQ>oŸ&
V§ nmHo$Z _Zgmní`_rÝVVñV§ _mVm aopùh g C aopùh _mVa_² &(F$H²$ 10/114/4)
doX eãXm| Ho$ AZwgma ^m¡Jmo{bH$ VWm AÝ` g§ñWm hmoZo Ho$ HmaU g_wX« VQ> H$s ^y{_ H$m nmbH$ aopS²S> H$hbmVm
h¡Ÿ(X{jU ^maV _|)Ÿ&
_Z dmH²$ `k H$m H«$_ V¡{Îmar` Cn.(2/1) _| h¡- _Z-AmH$me-dm`w-Ap½Z-An²-n¥{WdrŸ& b`-H«$_ _| `o
H«$_e: AnZo òmoVm| _| brZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
_Z _| H$moB© H$_© Zht h¡, CgHr àmU _| Amhþ{V go H$_© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g_m{Y _| H$_© H$m _Z _| b` hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
brZ Ðì` AÝZ h¡ VWm {Og_| b` hmoVm h¡ dh AÝZmX h¡Ÿ& AÝZ-AÝZmX `k H$m gm_doX _| CëboI h¡-
Ah_pñ_ àW_Om F$Vñ` nydª Xodoä`mo A_¥Vñ` Zm_Ÿ&
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`mo _m XXm{V g BXod_mdXh_ÝZ_ÝZ_XÝV_{ÙŸ&594Ÿ&
kmZ-{H«$`m `k H$m H«$_ CX`ZmMm`© Zo Ý`m`Hw$gw_mÄO{b _| H$hm h¡-
kmZOÝ`m ^do{XÀN>m BÀN>mOÝ`m H¥${V^©doV²Ÿ& H¥${VOÝ`§ ^doËH$_© VXoVV² H¥$V_wÀ`VoŸ&
AW©-{H«$`m H$s nañna Amhþ{V `k h¡Ÿ& `hm§ AW© {g\©$ n¡gm Zht h¡, BpÝÐ`m| H$m àË`oH$ {df` AW© h¡Ÿ&
8. gZmVZ `k-BZ n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ {g\©$ àMrZ H$mb _| doX H$m àMma Zht Wm O~ `k hmoVo WoŸ& doX
H$s Vah `k ^r gZmVZ h¡Ÿ& XodVmAm| H$s Vah amjg ^r `k H$aVo WoŸ& _oKZmX Zo Amgwar `k {ZHw$på^bm H$m
{H$`mWm {Ogo bú_U Zo ÜdñV {H$`mŸ&Amgwar `k _| gå^dV: Or{dV àm{U`m| H$s ~{b Xr OmVr WrŸ& Vn `k _|
Vmo Agwa XodVmAm| go ^r ~‹T>o WoŸ& {haÊ`H${enw Am{X Zo Kmoa `k Ûmam e{º$ nm H$a Xodm| H$mo nam{OV {H$`mŸ&
9.loîR> H$_©-EH$ `k na AJbm `k AmYm[aV h¡, AV: `k ~ÝX hmoZo go g^r H$m`© ~ÝX hmo Om`|JoŸ& AV: `k H$mo
MbmVo ahZm AnZo VWm g_mO Ho$ {b`o Oê$ar h¡Ÿ& H$_© Ûmam {Z_m©U {dZme XmoZm| hmoVm h¡, BîQ> dñVw H$m CËnmXZ
{ZíM` hr Cggo loîR> h¡Ÿ& `k go ~Mm CËnmX hr ì`dhma H$aZm h¡, `k gm_J«r H$m ^moJ H$aZo go `k ~ÝX hmo
Om`oJmŸ& dm{UÁ` H$s ^mfm _| _yb YZ H$_ Zht hr hmoZm Mm{h`oŸ& H¥${f g_mO H$m _w»` `k h¡, `h df© Ho$ MH«$
_o§ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AV: gådËga H$mo `k H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& H¥${f CËnmX H$m CVZm hr Cn^moJ H$aZm h¡ {Oggo AJbo df© Ho$
{b`o ~rO, ImX, ^y{_, hb-~¡b ~Mo ah|Ÿ& JrVm Ho$ BZ íbmoH$m| H$m `hr VmËn`© h¡-
`kmWm©ËH$_©Umo@Ý`Ì bmoH$mo@`§ H$_©~ÝYZ:(3/9)
`k[eîQ>m{eZ: gÝVmo _wÀ`ÝVo gd© {H$pë~f¡:(3/12)
`k{eîQ>m_¥V^wOmo `mpÝV ~«÷ gZmVZ_²(4/31)
10.Ap½Z _| new Am{X H$s Amhþ{V-gr{_V AW© _| Ap½Z _| _ÝÌ g{hV hdZ H$mo hr `k _mZVo h¢ {OZH$m JrVm
_| H$moB© CëboI Zht h¡Ÿ& Omo ^r CËnmXZ _| à`wº$ hþAm dh new h¡Ÿ& Bgo {g\©$ Or{dV àmUr _mZ H$a CZH$s ~{b
XoZm ^r `k Zht h¡Ÿ& Adí` hr _m§gmhm[a`m| Ho$ {b`o _m§g ^moOZ ^r CZHo$ AnmZ _| àmU H$m hdZ h¡, na `h `k
H$m CÔoí` Zht h¡Ÿ& doX _| AO H$m AW© ^JdmZ Am¡a ~H$arŸXmoZm| h¡Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma Hw$amZ _| ~H$a H$m AW© ~H$ar VWm
^JdmZ XmoZm| h¡Ÿ& ~H$arX H$m AW© ^JdmZ H$s nyOm h¡Ÿ& na XmoZm| pñW{V`m| _| nyOm Ho$ Zm_ na new~{b hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
_ÝÌ g{hV _y{Îm©nyOm `m Ap½Z _| Amhþ{V H$m gm§Ho${VH$ AW© h¡Ÿ& ~mø OJV² H$m àVrH$ ê$n _| eara Ho$ A§Jm| _|
Ý`mg {H$`m OmVm h¡-BZ XmoZm| H$m Ü`mZ Ho$ {b`o n«VrH$ _y{Îm© VWm Amhþ{V h¡Ÿ& AmÜ`mpË_H$, Am{Y^m¡{VH$, VWm
Am{YX¡{dH$ OJV² H$m nañna gå~ÝY hr BgH$m AW© h¡ Omo nyar Vah ñnîQ> Zht h¡Ÿ& _mhoída gyÌm| Ho$ AZwgma
Am{YX¡{dH$ g¥pîQ> VWm AÜ`mË_ H$m gå~ÝY Bg àH$ma h¡-
Am{YX¡{dH$ ñda dU© VÎd earaMH«$ ì`ÄOZ dU©
1. Aì`º$ ag ê$n › Aì`º$ ghòma ›
2. ídmodgr`g _Z ›(MVwînX) Aì`º$ Amkm ›
3.ñd`å^y(nyU© OJV²) A(~«÷m) AmH$me {dew{Õ h
4.na_oîR>r(~«÷mÊS>) B({dîUw) dm`w AZmhV `
5.gm¡a _ÊS>b C(BÝÐ) VoO ñdm{YîR>mZ d
6.MmÝX«(MÝÐH$jm H$m Jmob)F$(gmo_) Ob _{Unya a
7. ^y (n¥{Wdr) b¥ (Ap½Z) n¥{Wdr _ybmYma b
_mhoída gyÌ H$m Amaå^ g¥pîQ> H«$_ go h¡-àW_ 5 _yb ñda Am{YX¡{dH$ g¥pîQ> H$m H«$_ ~VmVo h¢-ABCU²Ÿ&F$b¥H²$Ÿ&
ì`ÄOZ dUm] _o àW_ 5 BZHo$ gdU© AÝV:ñW dU© h¢ Omo eara MH«$m| Ho$ ~rO _ÝÌ h¢-h`daQ²>Ÿ& bU²Ÿ&
eara MH«$ g¥pîQ> H«$_ _| h¢Ÿ& b` H«$_ _| Ü`mZ hmoVm h¡, {Og_| _ybmYma H$o ~mX ñdm{YîR>mZ AmVm h¡, V~ _{UnyaŸ&
g¥pîQ> H«$_ gm¡ÝX`© bhar _| d{U©V h¡-
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_ht _ybmYmao H$_{n _{Unyao hþVdh§§, pñWV§ ñdm{YîR>mZo ö{X _éV_mH$me_wn[aŸ&
_Zmo@{n ^«y_Ü`o gH$b_{n {^Îdm Hw$bnW§, ghòmao nÙo gh ah{g nË`m {dha{g(go)Ÿ&9Ÿ&
11. ^m¡{VH$ `km| H$m H«$_-EH$ `k Ho$ AmYma na Xygam `k MbVm h¡, `hr `k Ûmam `k H$m `OZ h¡ (nwéf
gyº$, 16)Ÿ& eara Ho$ ^rVa `km| H$m H«$_ {XIm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Am{Y^m¡{VH$ `km| H$m H«$_ àm`: Bg àH$ma h¡-
H¥${f-{dVaU-Vob Am[X CÚmoJ-Ka _| nH$mZm-^moOZ-nmMZŸ&
H¥${f dfm© na AmYm[aV h¡, AV: Bg H«$_ _| X¡{hH$-X¡{dH$-^m¡{VH$ g^r `k Am OmVo h¢Ÿ& nañna gå~ÝY hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU Xod-_Zwî`m| H$m nañna `OZ H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ&(JrVm,3/9)
g^r CÚmoJ H$ÀMo _mb na AmYm{aV h¢, BZH$m CËnmXZ, n[adhZ, {dH«$` Am{X `km| Ho$ H«$_ h¢Ÿ&
Jwé-{eî` H«$_ go {ejm H$m àgma-{dñVma kmZ `k H$m MH«$ h¡Ÿ& `h ^m¡{VH$, AmÜ`mpË_H$(ì`{º$JV) XmoZm| h¡Ÿ&
12. ~«÷ `k-~«÷ ñd`§ AnZo _| AnZm hdZ H$a g¥pîQ> H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bgo nwéf gyº$ (F$H²$.10/90/9) _|
gd©hþV `k H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& `h 10 am{Ì _| gånÝZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {damQ²> {díd hr nwéf h¡, CgH$s H«$_e: à{V_m ~ZVo
~ZVo ì`{º$ nwéf ~ZVm h¡, AV: gd©_oY H$mo nwéf_oY ^r H$hm J`m h¡-
nwéf_oYmËgd©_oY:& g gd©_oYoZoîQ²>dm gd©am{S>{V Zm_mYÎmŸ&(JmonW ny.5/7)
AW `Ôe__hén`pÝVŸAW `ÔeamÌ_wn`pÝVŸ& {dídmZod XodmÝXodVm§ `OÝVoŸ&&(eVnW.12/1/3/20)
Vñ_¡(~«÷Uo) Xe_§ hÿV: àË`ûm¥UmoV²Ÿ& g XehÿVmo@^dV²Ÿ&.. EV§ XehÿV§ gÝV§ XehmoVoË`mMjVoŸ&(V¡{Îmar`~«m.2/
3/11/1)
{damS²> dm Efm g_¥Õm `Ôemhm{ZŸ&(VmÊS>ç 4/8/6)Ÿ&
g^r 5 _hm^yVm| Ho$ nañna {_bZ H$mo doXmÝV _| nÄMrH$aU H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& _Zwî` nwéf H$m OÝ_ ^r 10 {XZm| _|
hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `hm§ n¥Ïdr Ho$ Mmamo Va\$ MÝÐ H$m n[a^«_U H$mb (27.3 {XZ) H$mo {XZ H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& AV: J^© _| 10
MmÝÐ ^JU {XZ 273 {XZ _| J^© _| _Zwî` OÝ_ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _Zwî` eara H$m nm{W©d ^mJ n¥Ïdr _| {_b OmVm h¡Ÿ&
MmÝÐ _ÊS>b H$m ^mJ 1 MÝÐ df© _| MÝÐ H$jm VH$ nhþ§MVm h¡ (H$m¡frV{H$ ~«m.)Ÿ& BÝh| F$H²$.(10/15/1) _|
gmoå`mg: H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ& Bg gmoå` eara H$m {Z_m©U ^r 10 am{Ì _| hmoJmŸ& MÝÐ _ÊS>b Ho$ {b`o n¥Ïdr H$m Aj-
^«_U H$mb {XZ h¡, AV: 10 {XZm| _| àoV-eara H$m XeJmÌ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AWd©doX H$m gånyU© 18dm§ H$mÊS> BZ àoV-
{nVam| H$m hr dU©Z h¡Ÿ&
13.dfm© gÝVmZ Am{X-dfm© H$amZo Ho$ H$B© nwamZo-Z`o Cnm` h¢-(1) dZ bJmZm, (2) H¥${Ì_ nd©Vm| (JmodY©Z)
go _oK amoH$Zm, (3) ~mXb _| Yy{b H$U S>mb H$a CZgo Ob {dÝXw {Z_m©U, (4) _ÝÌ Amhþ{V go `k Omo BgHo$
{deofkm| Ûmam hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ~¥hËg§{hVm Am{X J«ÝWm| _| dfm© Ho$ AmYmZ go dfm© VH$ àm`: 6 _mg H$m g_` _mZm J`m
h¡Ÿ& CVZo H$mb VH$ H$s `moOZm `k Ûmam dfm© H$amZo Ho$ {b`o hmoJrŸ& bo{H$Z dfm© H$amZm hr `k Zht h¡Ÿ& dfm© H$m
{H$gr ñWmZ Ho$ {b`o C{MV g_` na C{MV n[a_ma _| hmoZm `k h¡Ÿ& `h _mÌm Am¡a H$mb ha ñWmZ Ho$ {b`o AbJ
hmoJmŸ& Bg MH« $H$m gÝVwbZ Am¡a {Z`ÝÌU hr `k h¡Ÿ&
gÝVmZmoËn{Îm ^r EH$ BpîQ> `k h¡Ÿ& g^r BpîQ> `k EH$-H$m{bH$ BÀN>m ny{Îm© h¢Ÿ& bJVm h¡ BZH$m H$moB© MH«$ Zht h¡Ÿ&
{H$ÝVw Omo ^r CËnÝZ hþAm h¡, CgH$m AnZr Am`w Ho$ ~mX {dZme hmoZm {ZpíMV h¡Ÿ& AV: {Z_m©U {dZme H$m MH«$
~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ& AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| ^r gÝVmZmoËn{Îm Ho$ H¥${Ì_ Cnm` h¡Ÿ& àmMrZ H$mb _| ^r `o Cnm` Wo-doZ Ho$
eara H$mof go _mÝYmVm H$s CËn{Îm(H$mof H$m {dH$mg), (2) EH$ hr {nÊS> go 100 H$m¡adm| H$s CËn{Îm-CÝh| 100
KQ>m| (Cell) _| XrK© H$mb VH$ aIm J`m WmŸ& (3) JéS>-AéU H$s CËn{Îm-g_` go nyd© {ZH$bZo Ho$ H$maU AéU
H$m nyU© {dH$mg Zhr§ hmo nm`mŸ&

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