Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MODULE 1
Standard Arrival Procedures
Contents
• General
• Area Construction
• Obstacle Clearance
• Procedure Altitude/Height
• Omnidirectional or Sector Arrivals
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General
• Standard Arrival (STAR)
– should accommodate as many aircraft categories as possible
– should begin at a fix, intersection, DME fix or waypoint
– should permit transition from en‐route phase to approach phase
– should be designed to permit aircraft to navigate along the routes reducing the
need for radar vectoring
– may serve more than one airport within a terminal area
3 Standard Arrival Procedures
General
• Whenever possible, a STAR should be designed with DME fixes or waypoints
instead of intersections.
• The length of arrival route should not exceed the operational service range of
the facilities which provide navigation guidance.
• A DME arc may provide track guidance for all or a portion of an arrival route.
Minimum arc radius shall be 189.5km (10NM).
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Area Construction
Arrival routes 46km (25NM) or longer
• En‐route criteria apply to the 46km (25NM) prior the initial approach fix (IAF).
• Area width decreases from 46km (25NM) with a convergence angle of 30°
each side of the axis, until reaching the width determined by the initial
approach criteria.
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Area Construction
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Area Construction
Arrival routes less than 46km (25NM)
• Area width decreases from the beginning of the arrival route with a
convergence angle of 30° each side of the axis, until reaching the width
determined by the initial approach criteria.
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Area Construction
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Area Construction
Turn Protection
• En‐route criteria apply for distances greater than 46km (25NM) from the initial
approach fix (IAF).
• Initial approach criteria apply for distances of 46km (25NM) or less from the
initial approach fix (IAF).
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Area Construction
Arrival based on DME arc
• distance is measured along
the DME arc
• the tapering is over a distance
of 9.6km (5.2NM), measure
along the DME arc
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Area Construction
• tapering construction steps:
– from DME arc center “O”,
draw lines OA and OB to
create intersections A1 to
A4 and B1 to B4.
– draw lines joining
corresponding points A to
B.
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Area Construction
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Obstacle Clearance
• Primary area
– 300m (984ft)
• Secondary area
– 300m (984ft) at the
inner edge, reducing
linearly to zero at the
outer edge
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Procedure Altitude/Height
The procedure altitude/height shall not be less than the MOCA and shall be
developed in coordination with air traffic control requirements.
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Omnidirectional or Sector Arrivals
• Omnidirectional or sector arrivals can be provided taking into account –
– the minimum sector altitudes (MSA); or
– terminal arrival altitudes (TAA)
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