June 2019

Statistical Factsheet

Poland

CONTENTS

Main figures 1
1. KEY DATA 2
2. POPULATION & ECONOMY 3
3. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 4-5
4. ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 6-12
5. AGRICULTURAL TRADE 13-14
6. FARM STRUCTURE 15-16

Main figures - Year 2018

Population (1 st
January) 37 976 687 persons
Area* 311 928 km2
C urrency PLN zloty
Nominal GDP at current prices 494 658 million EUR
GDP per capita at current prices 12 872 EUR
GDP per capita at purchasing power 22 199 PPS
Harmonised index of consumer prices 1.2% change over previous year
Unemployment rate 3.3 % of labour force
Exports (goods & services) 274 591 million EUR (current prices)
Imports (goods & services) 257 612 million EUR (current prices)
Balance (goods & services) 16 979 million EUR (current prices)
Exports of agricultural products 27 529 million EUR
Imports of agricultural products 18 149 million EUR
C urrent account balance -0.5 % of GDP
General government balance -0.9 % of GDP
General government gross debt 49.2 % of GDP
So urces: Euro pean Co mmissio n, Euro stat, and Directo rate General fo r Eco no mic and Financial A ffairs.

Updated: June 2019 * Data refer to the year 2016

Agriculture
and Rural
Development
 Poland
1. KEY DATA
Macroeconomics

Population (new European C ommission methodology)

Total population (number of persons), of which: 2018 37 976 687 7.5% of EU-28
in predominantly rural regions (PR) 2018 35.9% 18.9% in EU-28
in intermediate regions 2018 38.8% 36.2% in EU-28
in predominantly urban regions 2018 25.3% 44.9% in EU-28
Population in PR regions (number of persons) 2018 13 619 570 14.2% of EU-28
GDP
In EUR (current prices):
total (million EUR) 2018 494 658 2.9% of EU-28
GDP per capita (EUR/person) 2018 12 872 30 946 in EU-28
GDP per capita (PPS/person) 2018 22 199 30 946 in EU-28
Real GDP growth rate (% change over previous year) 2018 4.8% 2.1% in EU-28
Gross value added
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (% of total GVA) 2018 2.8% 1.6% in EU-28
Financial aspects
Agricultural expenditure
Total expenditure (million EUR), of which: 2018 4 623.9 7.9% of EU-28
Direct payments (%) 2018 72.8% 70.9% in EU-28
Market measures (%) 2018 1.5% 4.6% in EU-28
Rural development (%) 2018 25.7% 24.5% in EU-28
Economic accounts of agriculture
Agricultural output
Agricultural goods output (million EUR), of which: 2018 24 220.5 5.8% of EU-28
C rop output, of which: 43.9% 4.8% of EU-28
C ereals (including seeds) 14.7% 7.4% of EU-28
Industrial crops 5.9% 7.6% of EU-28
Forage plants 3.6% 4.0% of EU-28
Vegetables and horticultural products 11.3% 4.8% of EU-28
Potatoes 3.3% 6.5% of EU-28
Fruits 4.9% 4.1% of EU-28
Wine 0.0% 0.0% of EU-28
Olive oil 0.0% 0.0% of EU-28
Animal output, of which: 53.8% 7.6% of EU-28
C attle 7.0% 5.2% of EU-28
Pigs 11.3% 7.5% of EU-28
Sheep and goats 0.0% 0.1% of EU-28
Poultry 12.7% 13.7% of EU-28
Milk 16.5% 6.9% of EU-28
Eggs 5.8% 13.5% of EU-28
Gross value added at basic prices (million EUR) 2018 8 953.5 5.0% of EU-28
Agricultural input
Total intermediate consumption (million EUR) 2018 15 372.7 6.1% of EU-28
Agricultural income
Indicator A (% change over previous year) 2018 -13.0% -3.6% in EU-28
Farm structure
Holdings
Total (No), of which: 2016 1 410 700 13.5% of EU-28
UAA < 5 ha (%) 2016 54.3% 65.6% in EU-28
Economic size < 4 000 € 2016 48.0% 55.7% in EU-28
Holder < 35 years (%) 2016 10.2% 5.1% in EU-28
Holder > 64 years (%) 2016 11.7% 32.8% in EU-28
UAA per holding (ha) 2016 10.2 16.6 in EU-28
Labour force
AWU (No) 2016 1 649 400 18.4% of EU-28
Female farm holders (%) 2016 31.1% 30.8% in EU-28
Male farm holders (%) 2016 68.9% 69.2% in EU-28
Agriculture in % of total employment 2017 10.0% 3.9% in EU-28

So urces: Euro pean Co mmissio n, Euro stat and Directo rate General fo r A griculture and Rural Develo pment.

Updated: June 2019

2
 Poland
2. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
Importance of rural areas
Territory Population GVA Employment
(km ) 2
(persons) (Million EUR) (persons)
Year 2016 2018 2016 2017
Predominantly Rural Regions 166 883 13 619 570 98 386 5 604 200
Intermediate Regions 130 886 14 744 274 129 701 6 088 000
Predominantly Urban Regions 14 159 9 612 843 148 698 4 386 600
Total 311 928 37 976 687 376 784 16 078 800
So urce: Euro stat. Updated: June 2019

100%
4.5%
90%
25.3% 27.3%
80% 39.5%
42.0%
70%
60%
38.8% 37.9%
50%
34.4%
40%
30%
53.5%
20% 35.9% 34.9%
26.1%
10%
0%
% Territory % Population % GVA % Employment

predominantly rural intermediate predominantly urban

Economic forecast
Indicators 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
GDP
In million EUR (current prices) 380 241 389 373 394 735 411 167 430 253 426 547 467 166 494 658 520 204 550 875
Per capita (in PPS; current prices) 17 032 17 792 17 941 18 648 19 849 19 940 20 932 22 199 23 402 24 607

% change over previous period

GDP growth (at constant prices) 5.0% 1.6% 1.4% 3.3% 3.8% 3.1% 4.8% 4.8% 3.7% 3.3%
GDP deflator 0.1% 0.8% 0.0% 0.8% 0.8% -3.8% 4.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.5%

Harmonised index of consumer

3.9% 3.7% 0.8% 0.1% -0.7% -0.2% 1.6% 1.2% 2.6% 2.7%
prices

Exports (goods and services) 7.9% 4.6% 6.1% 6.7% 7.7% 8.8% 9.5% 6.3% 5.2% 4.7%
Imports (goods and services) 5.8% -0.3% 1.7% 10.0% 6.6% 7.6% 10.0% 7.1% 5.7% 5.3%
Net exports of goods and services
(million EUR) -7 439 -1 714 7 689 5 925 13 308 17 217 19 543 16 979 14 938 13 430

% of total employment
Unemployment rate 9.7 10.1 10.3 9.0 7.5 6.2 4.9 3.3 2.9 2.8

% of GDP
C urrent account balance -5.2 -3.7 -1.3 -2.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.5 -0.7 -1.1
General government balance -4.8 -3.7 -4.1 -3.7 -2.7 -2.2 -1.4 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0
General government gross debt 54.1 53.7 55.7 50.4 51.3 54.2 50.6 49.2 48.3 47.4

So urce: Euro pean Co mmissio n, Euro stat and Directo rate General fo r Eco no mic and Financial A ffairs

Updated: June 2019 Data fo r 2019 and 2020 are fo recasts

3
 Poland
3.1. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS
CAP expenditure

2018 2018
Measures
1 000 EUR % of total % of heading
Decoupled direct aids 2 493 484 53.9% 74.1%
Other direct aids 846 563 18.3% 25.2%
Additional amounts of aid 0 0.0% 0.0%
Reimbursement of direct aids in
0.5% 0.7%
relation to financial discipline 24 551
Direct payments 3 364 598 72.8% 100.0%
Olive oil 0 0.0% 0.0%
Textile plants 0 0.0% 0.0%
Fruit and vegetables 24 646 0.5% 35.9%
Wine sector 0 0.0% 0.0%
Promotion 3 818 0.1% 5.6%
Other plant products/measures 0 0.0% 0.0%
Milk and milk products 10 861 0.2% 15.8%
Beef and veal 112 0.0% 0.2%
Sheepmeat and goatmeat 0 0.0% 0.0%
Pigmeat, eggs, poultry and other 3 892 0.1% 5.7%
School schemes* 25 363 0.5% 36.9%
Market measures 68 693 1.5% 100%
Rural development 1 190 589 25.7% 100%
TOTAL 4 623 880 100.0%
No te: Expenditure in co mmitments fo r direct payments and market measures; ceilings o f suppo rt fo r rural develo pment.

* P ro gramme implementatio n based o n scho o l years; reimbursement po ssible in the next financial year

So urce: Euro pean Co mmissio n, Directo rate General fo r A griculture and Rural Develo pment

Distribution of CAP expenditure

100%

90%
25.7% 24.5%

80%
1.5% 4.6%
70%

60%

50%

40%
72.8% 70.9%
30%

20%

10%

0%
Poland EU-28

Direct payments Market measures Rural development

4
 Poland
3.2. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS

Distribution of direct aids to the producers

Financial year 2017
Size-class of aid
(all direct payments) Beneficiaries Payments in EUR
x 1 000 % of total x 1 000 % of total
< 0€ 0.24 0.02% - 13 0.0%
≥ 0 and < 500 € 386.44 28.68% 124 844 3.7%
≥ 500 and < 1 250 € 375.00 27.83% 307 228 9.2%
≥ 1 250 and < 2 000 € 177.41 13.17% 281 699 8.4%
≥ 2 000 and < 5 000 € 250.98 18.63% 787 461 23.5%
≥ 5 000 and < 10 000 € 105.87 7.86% 735 633 21.9%
≥ 10 000 and < 20 000 € 38.61 2.87% 510 363 15.2%
≥ 20 000 and < 50 000 € 9.84 0.73% 285 469 8.5%
≥ 50 000 and < 100 000 € 2.08 0.15% 141 349 4.2%
≥ 100 000 and < 150 000 € 0.53 0.04% 63 920 1.9%
≥ 150 000 and < 200 000 € 0.21 0.02% 35 045 1.0%
≥ 200 000 and < 250 000 € 0.11 0.01% 25 405 0.8%
≥ 250 000 and < 300 000 € 0.06 0.00% 16 223 0.5%
≥ 300 000 and < 500 000 € 0.07 0.01% 24 488 0.7%
≥ 500 000 € 0.02 0.00% 15 897 0.5%
Total 1 347.45 100% 3 355 011 100%

So urce: Euro pean Co mmissio n, Directo rate General fo r A griculture and Rural Develo pment.
* Figures fo r financial year 2018 will beco me available during the seco nd half o f 2019.

No te: In o rder to pro tect the ano nymity o f the beneficiaries, numbers less than 10 have been made invisible in this table .

Indicative figures on the distribution of direct aid by size-class of aid

(1 000 EUR)

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
0- 0.5 - 1.25 - 2 - <5 5- 10 - 20 - 50 - 100 - 150 - 200 - 250 - 300 - >=500
<0.5 <1.25 <2 <10 <20 <50 <100 <150 <200 <250 <300 <500

Beneficiaries Payments

5
 Poland
4.1. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Agricultural output

Output components 2016 2017 2018

(constant prices) Million EUR Million EUR % of total % of EU-28
C ereals: 3583 3914 3413 14.7% 7.8%
Wheat and spelt 1432 1606 1450 6% 7%
Rye and meslin 235 299 274 1% 33%
Barley 392 458 396 2% 5%
Oats and summer
368 419 286 1% 23%
cereal mixtures
Grain maize 494 461 487 2% 5%
Rice 0 0 0 0% 0%
Other cereals 661 670 518 2% 33%
Industrial crops: 1662 1718 1524 6.6% 8.5%
Oil seeds and
oleaginous fruits 805 943 754 3% 8%
Protein crops 282 260 263 1% 21%
Raw tobacco 64 61 62 0% 14%
Sugar beet 445 415 382 2% 14%
Other industrial crops 65 40 63 0% 2%
Forage plants 863.9 837.6 841.0 3.6% 4.2%
Vegetables and
2232.7 2562.4 2629.7 11.3% 5.0%
horticultural products
Potatoes 869.6 856.9 769.9 3.3% 6.9%
Fruits 1464.1 1309.8 1158.8 5.0% 4.2%
Wine 0 0 0 0% 0%
Olive oil 0 0 0 0% 0%
Other crop products 24 41 41 0% 1%
Crop output 10698.9 11240.7 10377.4 44.7% 5.0%
Animals: 7 181 7 875 7 561 32.6% 8%
C attle 1 726 1 823 1 936 8.3% 6%
Pigs 2 614 3 093 2 618 11.3% 8%
Equines 28 41 37 0.2% 3%
Sheep and goats 11 15 9 0.0% 0%
Poultry 2 788 2 889 2 959 12.8% 14%
Other animals 14 13 2 0.0% 0%
Animal products: 4 294 5 209 5 268 22.7% 8%
Milk 3 115 3 931 3 836 16.5% 7%
Eggs 1110 1201 1346 5.8% 14%
Other animal products 69 77 85 0.4% 3%
Animal output 11 476 13 083 12 829 55.3% 8%
Agricultural goods
22 175 24 324 23 206 100.0% 6%
output
So urce: Euro stat, Eco no mic A cco unts fo r A griculture (values at real pro ducer prices). Updated: June 2019

6
 Poland
4.2. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Agricultural input

2016 2017 2018 2017/2016 2018/2017

Input components
Million EUR % Change
Seeds and planting stock 265.1 280.8 279.3 5.9% -0.5%
Energy 3 146.5 3 250.9 3 413.0 3.3% 5.0%
Fertilisers and soil improvers 1 751.7 1 585.8 1 574.9 -9.5% -0.7%
Plant protection products 1 036.6 1 143.0 1 147.0 10.3% 0.4%
Veterinary expenses 101.7 104.1 105.8 2.3% 1.6%
Feedingstuffs 5 240.5 5 519.0 5 439.2 5.3% -1.4%
Maintenance of materials 880.8 925.9 963.7 5.1% 4.1%
Maintenance of buildings 604.2 633.9 659.9 4.9% 4.1%
Agricultural services 503.0 514.4 526.3 2.3% 2.3%
Other goods and services 330.0 450.0 457.9 36.4% 1.8%
Total intermediate consumption 14 026.0 14 595.0 14 751.9 4.1% 1.1%
Fixed capital consumption 1 671.3 1 678.1 1 695.1 0.4% 1.0%
No te: 2018 data are estimates and may still change.

So urce: Euro stat, Eco no mic A cco unts fo r A griculture: values at real basic prices (2010 = 100)

Updated: June 2019

Agricultural income

2016 2017 2018 2017/2016 2018/2017

Values at basic prices
Million EUR % Change
Output of the agricultural "industry": 22 766.6 24 944.4 23 834.0 9.6% -4.5%
C rop output 10 698.9 11 240.7 10 377.4 5.1% -7.7%
Animal output: 11 475.8 13 083.4 12 828.8 14.0% -1.9%
Animals 7 181.5 7 874.6 7 561.3 9.7% -4.0%
Animal products 4 294.3 5 208.9 5 267.6 21.3% 1.1%
Agricultural services 503.0 514.4 526.3 2.3% 2.3%
Secondary activities 88.9 105.8 101.5 19.0% -4.1%
- Intermediate consumption 14 026.0 14 595.0 14 751.9 4.1% 1.1%
= Gross value added at basic prices 8 740.5 10 349.4 9 082.1 18.4% -12.2%
- C onsumption of fixed capital 1 671.3 1 678.1 1 695.1 0.4% 1.0%
- Taxes 409.6 392.9 388.7 -4.1% -1.1%
+ Subsidies 3 782.4 3 394.1 3 159.1 -10.3% -6.9%
= Factor income 10 442.0 11 672.5 10 157.3 11.8% -13.0%

Agricultural income* (2010=100) 125.6 140.4 122.2 11.8% -13.0%

No te: 2018 data are estimates and may still change.

So urce: Euro stat, Eco no mic A cco unts fo r A griculture (values at real prices; co nstant prices fo r *Indicato r A - see definitio n at the end o f this do cument).

Updated: June 2019

7
 Poland
4.3. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Output components (2016-2018 average)

Industrial Forage plants; Vegetables and
crops; 7.0% 3.6% horticultural
products; 10.7%

Potatoes; 3.6%
Cereals; 15.7%
Other;
0.7% Fruits; 5.6%
Eggs; 5.2%
Cattle; 7.9%

Milk; 15.6%
Pigs; 11.9%

Poultry; 12.4%

Sheep and
goats; 0.1%

Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at real producer prices)
Updated: June 2019

Intermediate consumption (2016-2018 average)

Maintenance of
materials; 6.4%
Maintenance of
buildings; 4.4%
Agricultural
services; 3.6%

Feedingstuffs; 37.3% Other; 4.1%

Seeds
and
planting
stock;
1.9%
Energy, lubricants;
Plant protection 22.6%
products; 7.7%
Fertiliser, soil
improver; 11.3%
Veterinary
expenses; 0.7%

Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at real basic price)
Updated: June 2019

8
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4.4. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Evolution of agricultural labour input

2 500

2 000
1 000 AWU

1 500

1 000

500

non-salaried salaried

Source: Eurostat Updated: June 2019

Evolution of agricultural income (*) compared to wages

and salaries in other sectors of the economy

160

140
Index figure (2010=100)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Agricultural income (Indicator A) (2010=100) Wages and salary index - Industry (2010=100)

Wages and salary index - Construction (2010=100) Wages and salary index - Services (2010=100)

Source: Eurostat Updated: June 2019

(*) The so-called indicator A is the real net value added at factor cost of agriculture per annual work unit (AWU). The net value added
at factor cost (factor income) is calculated by subtracting the consumption of fixed capital from gross value added at basic prices and
adding the value of subsidies less taxes. The AWU is defined as the work volume corresponding to one full-time employed worked.

9
 Poland
4.5. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Evolution of agricultural input and output prices

140

120
Index figure (2010=100)

100

80

60

40

20

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Input prices (intermediate consumption) Output prices

Source: Eurostat Updated: June 2019

Evolution of harmonised indices of consumer prices

120

100
Index figure (2015=100)

80

60

40

20

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

all items food

Source: Eurostat Updated: June 2019

10
 Poland
4.6. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Farmers' income and labour development index

(real terms)

160

140
Index figure (2010=100)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Agricultural income (Indicator A) (2010=100) Annual Work Units (Thousand AWU)

Source: Eurostat and DG Agriculture and Rural Development Updated: June 2019

11
 Poland
4.7. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS

Agricultural income (real prices)

million Euro
40 000
Revenues

30 000

20 000

10 000

10 000

20 000

30 000
Costs
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Crop output Animal output Product subsidies Other subsidies

Agricultural services output Non-agricultural secondary Seeds Energy
Fertilisers Plant/animal protection Feedingstuffs Labour
Rents Interest Other costs Entrepreneurial income

Cost Structure Revenue Structure

100% 100%

80% 80%

60% 60%

40% 40%

20% 20%

0% 0%
2004-2006 2016-2018 2004-2006 2016-2018
Plant/animal protection Other costs Non-agricultural secondary
Taxes Interest Agricultural services output
Rents Labour Other subsidies
Feedingstuffs Energy Product subsidies
Fertilisers Seeds Animal output
Crop output

Source: Eurostat Updated: June 2019

12
 Poland
5.1. AGRICULTURAL TRADE

Agricultural trade in 2018

Total trade Trade with EU countries Trade with non-EU countries
By category of product % change % change
Million EUR Million EUR 2018/2017 Million EUR 2018/2017
Exports
C ommodities 3121.2 2213.9 -4.8% 907.3 -7.03%
Other primary products 8377.9 6981.1 4.3% 1396.8 -5.06%
Processed products 3883.5 3251.9 6.0% 631.7 6.76%
Food preparations 6985.0 5454.3 5.5% 1530.6 10.05%
Beverages 810.4 622.0 10.6% 188.5 12.22%
Non edible 4350.7 3792.9 10.4% 550.8 2.14%
Total agricultural products 27528.8 22316.0 5.0% 5205.8 1.34%
as % of total exports 12.5% 12.6% 12.0%
Imports
C ommodities 4344.8 2808.1 -4.4% 1536.6 6.4%
Other primary products 5656.1 5015.4 -4.4% 640.6 23.0%
Processed products 1890.0 1689.7 6.9% 200.3 -11.5%
Food preparations 3727.7 3470.3 5.5% 251.7 14.0%
Beverages 543.8 488.2 7.1% 55.6 22.1%
Non edible 1986.3 1491.7 5.4% 494.6 -0.4%
Total agricultural products 18148.6 14963.3 0.3% 3179.4 7.62%
as % of total imports 8.0% 9.6% 4.6%
Balance
C ommodities -1223.6 -594.3 -629.3
Other primary products 2721.9 1965.7 756.2
Processed products 1993.5 1562.2 431.4
Food preparations 3257.3 1984.1 1278.9
Beverages 266.7 133.8 132.9
Non edible 2364.5 2301.2 56.3
Total agricultural products 9380.2 7352.7 2026.3

So urce: Directo rate General fo r A griculture and Rural Develo pment, based o n COM EXT data Updated: June 2019

Exports of agricultural products Imports of agricultural products

100%
100%
90% 19% 19% 16% 18%
90%
80% 80%
70% 70%
60% 60%
50% 50%
40% 81% 81% 40% 84% 82%

30% 30%
20% 20%

10% 10%
0%
0%
2009 2018
2009 2018
to EU countries to non-EU countries from EU countries from non-EU countries

13
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5.2. AGRICULTURAL TRADE

Evolution of agricultural trade with EU and non-EU countries

Million EUR

30 000 8000

7000
20 000
Exports

6000

10 000
5000

0 4000

3000
10 000
Imports

2000

20 000
1000

30 000 0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Exports to non-EU countries Exports to EU countries

Imports from non-EU countries Imports from EU countries
Balance with EU countries (right axis) Balance with non-EU countries (right axis)

Structure of agricultural exports and imports

100%
11% 10%
17% 16%
90% 3%
4%
2%
80% 3%
8%
23%
70% 29% 6%
24%

60% 20%
11%

50% 15% 12%

40%
34%
30% 27%
31% 48%
20%

10% 17% 19%

10%
0%
Exports to EU Exports to non-EU Imports from EU Imports from non-EU
countries countries countries countries

Commodities Other primary products Processed products Food preparations Beverages Non edible products

Source: Eurostat, Comext Updated: June 2019

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6.1. FARM STRUCTURE

Structure of agricultural holdings

2010 2016
Holdings
Total % Total %
< 5 ha 831 380 55.2% 766 480 54.3%
5-10 ha 334 950 22.2% 306 220 21.7%
10-20 ha 218 510 14.5% 202 350 14.3%
By UAA (*) 20-30 ha 59 970 4.0% 60 820 4.3%
30-50 ha 35 310 2.3% 40 390 2.9%
50-100 ha 16 840 1.1% 22 440 1.6%
> 100 ha 9 650 0.6% 12 010 0.9%
< 4 000 € 775 740 51.5% 661 120 46.9%
< 8 000 € 274 240 18.2% 252 790 17.9%
< 15 000 € 195 020 12.9% 184 700 13.1%
< 25 000 € 112 890 7.5% 110 260 7.8%
By economic
< 50 000 € 94 620 6.3% 109 160 7.7%
size (**)
< 100 000 € 35 710 2.4% 58 940 4.2%
< 250 000 € 12 830 0.9% 24 480 1.7%
< 500 000 € 3 390 0.2% 5 800 0.4%
=/> 500 000 € 2 180 0.1% 3 450 0.2%
0 593 590 39.4% 701 270 49.7%
0-5 573 650 38.1% 457 520 32.4%
5-10 131 350 8.7% 82 700 5.9%
10-15 63 120 4.2% 43 220 3.1%
By LSU (***) 15-20 38 590 2.6% 29 410 2.1%
20-50 80 110 5.3% 68 770 4.9%
50-100 16 920 1.1% 17 430 1.2%
100-500 8 080 0.5% 9 000 0.6%
> 500 1 210 0.1% 1 380 0.1%

< 35 years 221 580 14.7% 144 460 10.2%

35-44 years 369 560 24.5% 324 870 23.0%
45-54 years 486 300 32.3% 399 150 28.3%
By age of holder
55-64 years 302 790 20.1% 377 280 26.7%
> 64 years 126 400 8.4% 164 910 11.7%
not applicable : : 50 0.0%
Total 1 506 630 100% 1 410 720 100%
UAA in 1 000 ha 14 447 14 406
UAA (ha) per holding 9.6 10.2

(*) UAA = Utilised agricultural area.

(**) Economic size: The standard output of an agricultural product (crop or livestock), abbreviated as SO, is the average monetary
value of the agricultural output at farm-gate price, in euro per hectare or per head of livestock.
There is a regional SO coefficient for each product, as an average value over a reference period (5 years, except for the SO 2004
coefficient calculated using the average of 3 years). The sum of all the SO per hectare of crop and per head of livestock in a farm is
a measure of its overall economic size, expressed in euro.

(***) LSU = Livestock units. A LSU is equivalent to a dairy cow. The number of animals (heads) is converted into LSU using a set of
coefficients reflecting the feed requirements of the different animal categories.

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 Poland
6.2. FARM STRUCTURE

Structure of farm labour force

2016

Family labour force Non family labour force

persons: 2 965 770
Data not available
of which women: 43.8%
AWUs (*): 1 490 690 AWUs: 109 640
Regular non Non regular non
Holders Family members family labour family labour
force force
persons: persons: persons:
1 392 440 1 573 330 not yet available
Data not available
of which women: of which women: of which women:
31.1% 55.0% not yet available
AWUs: AWUs: AWUs: AWUs:
833 260 657 430 109 640 49 080
Total farm labour force (persons) not yet available
Total farm labour force (AWUs) 1 649 400
So urce: Euro stat, Farm Structure Survey Updated: June 2019

* AWUs = Annual work units. An AWU is equivalent to a worker employed on a full time basis for one year.

This document does not necessarily represent the official views of the European Commission
© European Union, 2019 - Reproduction authorised provided the source is acknowledged

Contact: DG Agriculture and Rural Development, Farm Economics Unit

Tel: +32-2-29 75471 / E-mail: Agri-C3@ec.europa.eu

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