urban regeneration

 worldwide

3
Urban form & formation worldwide
Case studies

12/11/2007
dipl.-ing. grischa bertram

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Lit.: Bähr/Jürgens 2005

Kulturkreise nach kulturräumliche

Kulturerdteile nach Kulturerdteile nach HUNTINGTON Stadttypen nach
KOLB (1963) NEWIG (1986) (1996) HOLZNER (1967)
Abendländisch Europa Westlich Westeuropa
Osteuropa/
Russisch o. osteuropäisch Sowjetunion russisch-orthodox ehem. Sowjetunion
Sinisch o. ostasiatisch Ostasien Sinisch Ostasien (China)
Japanisch Japan
Indochinesisch, indopazi-
fisch o. südostasiatisch Südostasien Südostasien
Indisch Südasien hinduistisch Südasien
Orientalisch Orient islamisch Orient
Negrid Schwarzafrika afrikanisch Afrika südl. d. Sahara
zu: Westlich, wenn auch
Anglo-amerikanisch Nordamerika Differenzen zu Europa Nordamerika
Indio-ibero-amerikanisch Lateinamerika lateinamerikanisch Lateinamerika
Austral-pazifisch Australien mit Ozeanien zu: Westlich Australien/ Ozeanien
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traditional urban forms
simplified cultural areas
European

Oriental/Islamic
Colonial Chinese

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traditional urban forms
literature

• Benevolo 2000
• Feldbauer et al. 2002
• Siebel 2000
• Gaebe 2004

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tradional urban forms
the european city
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• CENTRALITY: the contrast of town and
country
• A WAY OF LIFE: the polarisation of
everyday life into a private and a public
sphere
• A HOPE: European urbanity cannot
be understood without the hope for
emancipation that has always been
associated with urban life.
Siebel 2000
urban form & formation worldwide
tradional urban forms
the european city

Lübeck)

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tradional urban forms
the oriental city

• no autonomous administration
• no free citizens
• no political responsibility
• no horizintal solidarity
Max Weber (cp. Feldbauer; In Feldbauer et al. 2000)

Cairo

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tradional urban forms
the oriental city
<Benevolo 2000
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• no polarisation of public and private
spheres
• no public space (squares)
• places part of private realm
• all houses oriented inwards
• no organisation/integration
• no secular centre
• highly seperated into religious/ethnic
quarters
cp. Planhol (quoted ibd.)
urban form & formation worldwide
tradional urban forms
the oriental city
• early, prosperous development
• trade and commerce
• early urbanisation
• symbol for urbanity
• continuity instead of decline to
(Eastern) Roman Empire
cp. Feldbauer (In: Feldbauer et al. 2000)

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tradional urban forms
the oriental city

• emphasis on private enterprise

• less regulative (use of public space)
• ‚chaotic structure‘
• narrow streets
• less squares
• constant markets/bazaars
• bazaar central in urban life
Benevolo 2000

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tradional urban forms
the oriental city

• importance of religion
• mosque instead of agora/forum
• local development highly influenced by
‚national‘ level

Benevolo 2000

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tradional urban forms
the chinese city
• ‚planning‘ tradition from about 300 BC
until colonisation
• building standards until 20th century

• power consists on balancing contrasts

(yin/yang)
• social harmony and peace
• cities entity and symbol for balance
Benevolo 2000 cp. Benevolo 2000

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tradional urban forms
the chinese city

• geometrical order
• symmatrical axis
• ceremonial buildings along north/
south axis
• gardens to dissolve the formal layout
• different quarters resemble complexity
Peking
Benevolo 2000
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tradional urban forms
the chinese city
Benevolo 2000
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• walls give regular form and defence
• inner and outer city/walls
• inner city: permenant residence of upper-class
• outer city: permenant gardens, occupation for
peasants in war times
• three sizes: Zheng, Jie, Du
• inwards oriented houses resemble city
• rooms opened to court yard
• 1 floor, flexible structure
urban form & formation worldwide
tradional urban forms
the colonial city
• discrepancy between quantity and
quality
• standardised model of urban settle-
ments
• 2-dimensional
• rules for allocation and layout
• universal usage
• forced urbanisation
• new settlements or remodifactions of
Mexico City indigenes cities
Benevolo 2000
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tradional urban forms
the colonial city

• grid structure
• central square with public building
(and houses of merchants)
• allotment
• often small houses
• no fortification

Benevolo 2000
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tradional urban forms
the colonial city

• ‚planned‘ for growth

• little contrast between town and
country
• little accomodation to geography
• tentative nature
• poor design, little diversity of forms•

Manhattan
Benevolo 2000
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