Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
of Long-Range Guided-Wave
Ultrasonic Inspections
Houston, Texas
Piezoelectric
crystal oscillated
by RF signal
Time of Flight of an
ultrasonic wave is
directly proportional
to the thickness of the
material measured
Conventional
Ultrasonic
Test
Localized
Inspection
Weld
Metal loss
Metal loss
Guided Wave
100%
Inspection
Weld
Metal loss
Metal loss
Longitudinal
Torsional
Flexural
5
Umbilical
cable
connecting
electronics to
transducers
Pressurized bladder
containing the array of
piezoelectric crystals
Field
electronics
Distance Amplitude
Correction (DAC)
Curves
Weld
Welds at two
elbows
Minor
Anomaly
Weld
Area of
corrosion
10
Weld
Zoom Shot
Welds
Area of
corrosion
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12
15
16
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This is a loss of
approximately 5.2% of the
cross-section. It would not
been seen in a scan since
the section was buried.
However, if this line was
above-grade and exposed
the corrosion probably
would have been noted as
a minor anomaly
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A tethered ILI tool run in this 6 inch pipeline located isolated, deep pits separated by thousands of feet
of undamaged pipe. The pit above was 65% of the wall thickness in depth and inch in diameter
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Weld profiles are assumed to be uniform along the length of the tested
segment, and represent some arbitrary percent change in cross-sectional
area, typically 25% CSC. There is no absolute calibration standard.
This can compromise the accuracy of the results and can even lead to
miss-calls, as in the case below. The high-low condition extended around
approximately one-forth of the circumference, created an asymmetrical
response, and was therefore ranked as a moderate anomaly.
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Conclusions
Guided wave offers valuable new inspection technology if its capabilities
and limitations are kept in mind.
It is a SCREENING tool. Need to follow up with other NDT techniques to
quantify / evaluate possible defects.
MAOP calculations per codes require much more detailed knowledge of
corrosion than can be provided by Guided Wave testing
Significant damage can be overlooked
If used without other verification, GWT cannot provide the level of detail
needed to ascertain the integrity of piping.
Main advantage is the ability to screen long sections of pipe to determine
overall, general condition and locate areas that require more detailed
examination.
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