J=I @A =K = @A J @ I K ?

,AF=HJ= A J @A + FKJ=

HE? I 1+-* 7. 2

) KIJA @A +KHL=I FA

J @ @ I 3K=@H=@ I

=H? A = E I .HAEJ=I 5 K = ,AF=HJ= A J @A + FKJ= 1 IJEJKJ @A +E ?E=I -N=J=I A *E CE?=I 7 ELAHIE@=@A .A@AH= @A KH 2HAJ !#"  KH 2HA J / *H=IE 0 AF=CA DJJF MMM @A? KB F >H FH B =H? A - =E =H ? A(E?A> KB F >H

 1 JH @K
KEJ=I IEJK= AI ? DA?A IA K = J=>A = @A F J I (xi , yi ) @A ?=@= yi >JE@ ANFAHE A J= A JA A @AIA = IA >JAH = ANFHAII = = JE?= @A K = @=@= ?KHL= y = f (x) GKA A D H IA = KIJ= = AIIA ? K J @A F J I 2 H ANA F I=>A IA GKA AH y @A >=?J HE=I F H K E@=@A @A L K A ANEIJA JA A K = ?K JKH= =F I K @AJAH E =@ AH x @A D H=I ?HAI?A ANF A ?E= A JA ? =K A J @A x AIJA ?=I AH @A >=?J HE=I ?HAI?A ? @A? HHAH @=I D H=I = B H = y = ex FH > A = ? IEIJA A J A @AJAH E =H I L= HAI =EI =FH FHE=@ I @ I F=H AJH I A @AIJ= ANF A ?E=

) KIJA = K = HAJ=
IJHA I E @A a A b I AIJA ?=I J=>A = ?=@= E?E= A JA ? = KIJ=H K ? F=H AJH I = IAHA @AJAH E =@ AIJ= I E JAHAII=@ I A E E F J (xi , a + bxi ) @= HAJ= ? B K J @A F J I = K = HAJ= y = a + bx I E =H = @EIJ ?E= @A ?=@= F J (xi , yi ) @= H A E KIJH= = CKH= 

.ECKH=  ,EIJ ) @EIJ ?E= A JHA AIIAI F

?E= @A K J I

J (xi , yi )

HAJ= y = a + bx ?E=I

|yi a bxi | A = I

= @ I GK=@H=@ I @AII=I @EIJ

=H?

A = EI

.HAEJ=I 5 K =

q=
i=1

(yi a bxi )2
 I =GKA AI F=H= I GK=EI I @A IAKI F=H AJH I EIJ

  K I =I

I ?= @E@=J I = F J @A @AHEL=@=I F=H?E=EI @A q A HA =

@= BK = ?=@= K
n

q = 2 (yi a bxi ) = 0 a i=1 q = 2 xi (yi a bxi ) = 0 b i=1

6A @ A
n i=1 n

 !

LEIJ= GKA

(yi a bxi )

n i=1 n i=1

yi

n i=1

n i=1 n i=1 n

bxi xi b
n i=1

yi na
n

A GKA

>JA I IACKE JA IEIJA = @A AGK= AI @A E =@

AGK= AI ?K =I E ? C EJ=I I I F=H AJH I a A b @= AGK= y = a + bx

i=1

xi (yi a bxi )

i=1

xi yi

i=1

xi a

x2 b i
H =EI @ FH > A =

n i=1

na + xi a +

n i=1 n i=1

xi b x2 b i

= =

n i=1 n i=1

yi xi yi

 "

-NA F  ,=@= = J=>A = @A F J I (xi , yi ) = IACKEH @AJAH E A FA E I = AGK= @= HAJ= GKA A D H IA = KIJ= = AIIAI F J I

J @ @ I 3K=@H=@ I

xi yi
5 K + I

  

  ''

  &&

  

n=4F

J I

n i=1

xi = 0.1

n i=1

x2 i = 2.05

n i=1

yi = 3.907 A

n i=1

xi yi = 0.0517

=I AGK= AI

H =EI @ FH > A = I

@A =? H@ ?

"

4a 0.1a

+ 0.10b = 3.9070 + 2.05b = 0.0517

= HAJ= GKA A D H IA

) I K @AIJA IEIJA = a = 0.9773 A b = 0.0224 )IIE = KIJ= J=>A = @A F J I @=@=

y = 0.9773 0.0224x

3K=@H=@ I

! ) KIJA = K = ANF

A ?E=

IJHA I =C H= ? = KIJ=H K ? K J @A F J I (xi , yi ) = K = ANF A ?E= @ JEF y = ebx -IJ= BK ANF A ?E= F @A IAH = KIJ=@= =JH=L I @= IACKE JA JH= IB H = ln y = ln ebx = ln + bx .= A @ Y = ln y A a = ln HA@K E I FH > A = @A = KIJ=H = J=>A = @A F J I (xi , yi ) HABAHA JA = K = ANF A ?E= = FH > A = @A = KIJ=H = J=>A = @A F J I (xi , Yi ) @A Yi = ln yi AGK= @A K = HAJ= Y = a + bx -NA F 5KF D= I GKA A K => H=J HE F=H= f (xi ) I >HA I F J I xi >JELA  ! &# I ANFAHE A J=  &  #  &$ A JA I IACKE JAI L= HAI &  "$   "$

xi yi

 !$ #"%

% % $"

" & ##

5 K .= A @ @E=CH= = @A @EIFAHI @ I @=@ I =?E = LAHE ?= IA GKA K = KIJA @ JEF y = ebx =EI E @E?=@ -BAJK= @ IA =I JH= IB H = AI Y = ln yi >JA I = J=>A = (xi , ln yi ) = IACKEH

xi ln yi
+ AGK= AI

 ! #'' J I

% &"'
n i=1

" ''
n

  !"'

  #''
n i=1

#  #

&  '
n i=1

  "

n=8F

xi = 0.3

H =EI @ FH > A = I

@A =? H@ ?

i=1

x2 i = 3.59

yi = 0.041 A

xi yi = 8.646 =I

"

8a + 0.30a + e
1.099

0.30b = 3.59b =

0.041 8.646 a = ln A J = ea = J=>A = @A F J I @=@=

) I K @AIJA IEIJA = = 3.001 )IIE = ANF

a = 1.099 A b = 2.5 + A ?E= GKA A D H IA = KIJ= y = 3.001e2.5x

" ) KIJA = K = DEF H> A

2=H= = KIJ=H K = J=>A = @A F J I (xi , yi ) @A " #

y=
>=IJ= B= AH z =
1 y

1 1 + 2 x

= 1 + 2 x x A ?E= y = 1 2
@A # $

# ) KIJA = K = ?KHL= ANF

2=H= = KIJ=H K = J=>A = @A F J I (xi , yi )

x y = 1 2

" >=IJ= B= AH =I IACKE JAI JH= IB H = AI ? z = ln y = ln 1 +x ln 2 = a + bx

a b

=H? IE@AH= @ y > 0

A = EI

.HAEJ=I 5 K =

$ ) KIJA = K = ?KHL= CA
2=H= = KIJ=H K = J=>A = @A F J I (xi , yi )

JHE?= y = 1 x2
@A $ %

y = 1 x2
>=IJ= B= AH =I IACKE JAI JH= IB H = AI ? z = ln y = ln 1 + 2 ln x = a + bt AIJA ?=I @A y F=H= I AIJ= I E E E = @ =I I C=HEJ I @ I @AILE I @A x
a b t

IE@AH= @ y > 0 A x > 0 =I @ I GK=@H=@ I @ I @AILE I I C=HEJ I

% ) KIJA = K
BK

F E

E
= KIJ=H I F J I @A K = J=>A = ?

> AJEL =C H= IJH=H ? F E E= @A CH=K m

nF

J I=K = % &

P (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + + am xm
@A m n 1 F H AIJA ?=I =I = @ I GK=@H=@ I @=I @EIJ ?E=I @A yi

P (xi )

@=@=

q=

(yi P (xi ))2

E E E =H AII= BK JA

% ' I GKA

A @AFA @A @A m + 1 F=H AJH I a0 , a1 , , am 2=H= I=JEIB= AH I m + 1 ? @E AI = IACKEH

q = 0 i = 0, 1, , m ai
= GK= B H A?A K IEIJA = @A m + 1 AGK= AI H =EI ?=I @A = BK F E E= IAH GK=@H JE?= EIJ

% 

P (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2
=I AGK= AI H =EI I

% 

na0
n i=1 n i=1

+ + +

n i=1 n i=1 n i=1

x i a1 x2 a1 i x3 a1 i

+ + +

n i=1 n i=1 n i=1

x2 a2 i x3 a2 i x4 a2 i

= = =

n i=1 n i=1 n i=1

yi xi yi x2 i yi
%  

xi a0 x2 a0 i

>IAHLA GKA AIJA IEIJA = IE JHE? 2=H= HAI L EJ=I a0 , a1 , , am F @A I =F E?=H GK= GKAH K @ I = JAHE H A JA

EIJ F=H= A ? JH=H =I E ? C J @ I K HE? I =FHAIA J=@ I

3K=@H=@ I

& 3K= E@=@A @ = KIJA

) GK= E@=@A @A K = KIJA E A=H F @A IAH LAHE ?=@= A = r2 @=@ F H
n

BK

@ ? A ?EA JA @A @AJAH E

r2 =

i=1

(a + bxi y )2
n

& !

i=1

(yi y )2
@= K E@=@A r2 AIJELAH AD H = KIJA

IA @ y =

1 n

n i=1

yi

3K= J

=EI FH NE

>IAHLA GKA ? A ?EA JA @A @AJAH E = K = A@E@= @= FH F H @= L=HE= J J= @ I @=@ I A J H @= @E= ,A B=J K AH=@ H @AIJ= ANFHAII HAFHAIA J= = I = @ I GK=@H=@ I @ I @AILE I @A ?=@= F J @= HAJ= @A = KIJA = F J @E y @ I F J I @=@ I @A E =@ H HAFHAIA J= = I = @ I GK=@H=@ I @ I @AILE I @A ?=@= F J @=@ = F J @E y 6A @ A LEIJ= GKA
n n n

(yi y )2 =
i=1 i=1

(yi a bxi )2 +
i=1

(a + bxi y )2

= ANFHAII

& ! F @A IAH HAAI?HEJ= ?

n

r2 =
+

i=1

(yi y )
n i=1

n i=1

(yi a bxi )
2

(yi y )

i=1

(yi y )2

n i=1 n i=1

2 2 y yi 2 yi 1 n

n i=1 n

yi + n
2

n i=1

y 2

= ANFHAII F=H=

F=H= @AJAH E =

@ ? A ?EA JA @A @AJAH E =
n 2 2

i=1

yi r2 F @A IAH IE F E ?=@=

r2 = 1

i=1 n i=1

(yi a bxi )
1 n n i=1

& "

2 yi

yi