Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm.

1: 143-158]







COEDUCACIN O ESCUELA SEGREGADA? UN VIEJO Y

PERSISTENTE DEBATE

MARINA SUBIRATS107


'

HVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD GH OD RSLQLyQ S~EOLFD OD HGXFDFLyQ WLHQH XQD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD
TXH FRPSDUWH FRQ RWURV iPELWRV GH OD VRFLHGDG SHUR TXH HQ HVWH FDVR HV
HVSHFLDOPHQWH DJXGD WRGR HO PXQGR VH FRQVLGHUD SUHSDUDGR SDUD RSLQDU SDUD VXJHULU SDUD
FULWLFDU SDUD GHFLGLU OD VROXFLyQ LGyQHD $ GLIHUHQFLD GH RWURV iPELWRV GH OD YLGD VRFLDO TXH
DSDUHFHQRFRPRSULYDGRV\SRUORWDQWRPHQRVVXMHWRVDOGHEDWHS~EOLFRFRPRSRUHMHPSOROD
SURGXFFLyQ LQGXVWULDO R HO VHFWRU EDQFDULR R FRPR WDQ WpFQLFRV TXH VH DGPLWH VX
GHVFRQRFLPLHQWRFRPRSRUHMHPSORODVDQLGDGODHGXFDFLyQHVXQiPELWREODQGR8QDJUDQ
SDUWHGHODSREODFLyQWLHQHRKDWHQLGRXQDUHODFLyQIUHFXHQWHFRQpOVHDFRPRHVWXGLDQWHVFRPR
SDGUHV\PDGUHVFRPRGRFHQWHV\VXOHQJXDMHQRHVH[FHVLYDPHQWHHVSHFLDOL]DGR$VtTXHWRGR
OD GHVLJQD FRPR XQ FDPSR DELHUWR GH GHEDWH SHUPDQHQWH \ PX\ VRPHWLGR D ORV LQIOXMRV GH
RSLQLRQHVHLGHRORJtDV\GHPRGRFUHFLHQWHXWLOL]DGRWDPELpQFRPRHVSDFLRGHGHEDWHSROtWLFR\
SDUWLGLVWD DUHQD GH HQIUHQWDPLHQWR GH LQWHUHVHV GH JUXSR D YHFHV PX\ GLVWDQWHV GH ORV TXH VH
GHULYDQGHODSURSLDDFWLYLGDGHGXFDWLYD
(VWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDLQWURGXFHGHLQPHGLDWRODGLILFXOWDGGHORVGHEDWHVGHIRQGREDVDGRV
HQH[SHULHQFLDVFRQWUDVWDGDV1RFUHRTXHODHILFDFLDGHORVWUDWDPLHQWRVGHOFiQFHUSXHGDQVHU
GHEDWLGRV HQ ODV WHOHYLVLRQHV HQ ORV SHULyGLFRV R XWLOL]DGD FRPR DUPD FRQWUD XQ GHWHUPLQDGR
JRELHUQRSHURHOIUDFDVRHVFRODUVXVFDXVDV\VXVSRVLEOHVUHPHGLRVVRQVRPHWLGRVGHFRQWLQXR
D OD FRQVLGHUDFLyQ S~EOLFD FRQ RSLQLRQHV GH WRGR WLSR \ DWULEXFLRQHV GH FDXVDV \ FXOSDV TXH D
PHQXGRQDGDWLHQHQTXHYHUFRQODUHDOLGDG&RQORFXDOPX\DPHQXGRORVGHEDWHVHQORVTXH
DSDUHQWHPHQWHVHKDEODGHHGXFDFLyQVRQFRQVFLHQWHPHQWHRQRSRUSDUWHGHTXLHQHVSDUWLFLSDQ
HQHOORVFDPSRVHQTXHVHOLEUDQRWUDVEDWDOODVRWURVLQWHUHVHVRWURVFRQIOLFWRV


&DWHGUiWLFDHPpULWDGH6RFLRORJtDGHOD8$%

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 143

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

Un debate recurrente: la escuela segregada por sexos


(VWH HV D PL PRGR GHYHU HO FDVR GH XQ GHEDWH UHFXUUHQWH HO GH OD VXSHULRULGDG GH OD
HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD SRU VH[RV /D IRUPD GH HVFRODUL]DFLyQ VHJUHJDGD PD\RULWDULD HQ HO SDVDGR
FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GH XQD FRQFHSFLyQ GLIHUHQFLDGD GH ORV JpQHURV HV GHFLU GH ORV SDWURQHV
FXOWXUDOHV \ GHVWLQRV TXH GHEtDQ YLYLU KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV IXH UHWURFHGLHQGR D PHGLGD TXH
DYDQ]DEDODLGHDGHODLJXDOGDGHQWHQGLGDSULPHURFRPRLJXDOGDGGHGHUHFKRV\UHFKD]RGHODV
GLVFULPLQDFLRQHV PiV WDUGH FRPR GHUHFKRV LJXDOHV GH ORV GLIHUHQWHV 4XHGDQ HQ HO PXQGR
PXFKDVHVFXHODVVyORGHQLxRVRVyORGHQLxDVVREUHWRGRHQORVSDtVHVHQORVTXHODVPXMHUHV
KDQDFFHGLGRHQPHQRUPHGLGDDOPXQGRS~EOLFRRHQHOTXHVyORKDQDFFHGLGRDpOVHFWRUHVGH
PXMHUHVGHFODVHDOWD\PHGLD(VGHFLUHQSDtVHVTXHHVWiQDXQHQHOWUD\HFWRGHFDPELRKDFLDOD
FRQVROLGDFLyQGHOFRQFHSWRLJXDOLWDULRHQWUHKRPEUHV\PXMHUHV(QORVSDtVHVRFFLGHQWDOHVVHKD
LPSXHVWR KDFH WLHPSR ODHVFXHOD PL[WDFRPR HVFXHODPD\RULWDULD< HOOR KD LPSOLFDGR FDPELRV
LPSRUWDQWtVLPRV HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ \ KD WHQLGR FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD HYLGHQWH HO JUDQ DYDQFH
HGXFDWLYRTXHODVPXMHUHVKDQOOHYDGRDFDERHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV
(Q (VSDxD GHVSXpV GH QXPHURVRV FRQIOLFWRV \ DYDWDUHV D OR ODUJR GHO VLJOR ;,; \ GHO
SULPHUWHUFLRGHO;;ODVHJXQGD5HS~EOLFDFRQVLGHUyTXHODIRUPDDGHFXDGDGHHVFRODUL]DUHUDOD
HVFXHOD PL[WD OODPDGD HQWRQFHV WDPELpQ FRHGXFDFLyQ VLJXLHQGR OD WHUPLQRORJtD LQJOHVD 6H
LQLFLyDVtHOFDPELRKDFLDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQDHVFXHODS~EOLFDPL[WDSHQVDGDSDUDOOHJDUDVHU
PD\RULWDULDHQHODxRDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQGHODVHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVHUDQ\DGHQLxDV\
QLxRV /D JXHUUD LPSLGH FRPSOHWDU HVWH SURFHVR \HQ HO IUDQTXLVPR VH UHWURFHGH GH QXHYRD OD
HVFXHODVHJUHJDGDTXHVHUiFDVLH[FOXVLYDKDVWD<HVDSDUWLUGHOD/H\GH(GXFDFLyQGH
DTXHO DxR \ GH VX SDXODWLQD DSOLFDFLyQ HQ ORV VHWHQWD FXDQGR VH JHQHUDOL]D OD HVFXHOD PL[WD
SULPHUR HQWUH ODV S~EOLFDV GHVSXpV WDPELpQ HQ OD PD\RUtD GH ODV SULYDGDV LQFOXVR UHOLJLRVDV
4XHGy VyOR XQ UHGXFWR GH HVFXHODV VHJUHJDGDV ODPD\RUtD GH HOODVYLQFXODGDV DO 2SXV 'HL R D
DOJXQDRUGHQUHOLJLRVD
&XiO HV HO EDODQFH TXH SRGHPRV KDFHU GHO SUHGRPLQLR GH OD HVFXHOD PL[WD" /DV
LQVXILFLHQFLDVGHODHVFRODUL]DFLyQPL[WDWDQWRHQUHODFLyQDODHGXFDFLyQGHODVQLxDVFRPRGHORV
QLxRV KDQ VLGR SXHVWDV GH UHOLHYH HQ QXPHURVRVWUDEDMRV GHVGH ORV DxRV RFKHQWD \HO WpUPLQR
FRHGXFDFLyQKDVLGRDPSOLDGRGHPRGRTXHODHVFXHODPL[WDFRPRWDOGRPLQDGDWRGDYtDSRU
XQDFRQFHSFLyQDQGURFpQWULFDGHODFXOWXUD\DQRSXHGHVHUHQWHQGLGDFRPRODFXOPLQDFLyQGHOD
FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH XQ PRGHOR FRHGXFDWLYR /D HVFXHOD PL[WD HV XQ SDVR QHFHVDULR SHUR DXQ
LQVXILFLHQWHSDUDOOHJDUDXQDIRUPDGHHGXFDFLyQTXHSRQJDHQHOPLVPRSODQRGHLPSRUWDQFLDD
QLxRV\DQLxDV D ODV SDXWDVFXOWXUDOHV GHJpQHURIHPHQLQR \ D ODV GHJpQHURPDVFXOLQR\TXH
SHUPLWD D WRGRV \ D WRGDV DGRSWDUODV HQ DPERV FDVRV FRQ LQGHSHQGHQFLD GH VX VH[R (Q HVWH
VHQWLGR VH KD UHDOL]DGR XQD FUtWLFD GH OD HVFXHOD PL[WD SRU LQVXILFLHQWH FRPR IRUPD GH
FRHGXFDFLyQ SHUR DO PLVPR WLHPSR KD\ TXH SRQHU GH UHOLHYH TXH OD HVFXHOD PL[WD FRQ ODV

 /D KLVWRULD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ GH ODV PXMHUHV HQ (VSDxD FXHQWD \D FRQ QXPHURVRV WUDEDMRV TXH QRV SHUPLWHQ

FRQRFHUODFRQEDVWDQWHSUHFLVLyQHVSHFLDOPHQWHORVGH5RVD0DULD&DSHO\3LODU%DOODUtQ3DUDXQDVtQWHVLVUHFLHQWH
SXHGH YHUVH GHO $PR 0 &UX] /D HGXFDFLyQ GH ODV PXMHUHV HQ (VSDxD 'H OD $PLJD D OD 8QLYHUVLGDG HQ 5HYLVWD
FXDWULPHVWDO GHO &RQVHMR (VFRODU GHO (VWDGR 3DUWLFLSDFLyQ (GXFDWLYD Q  MXOLR 
ZZZPHFHVFHVFHVUHYLVWDUHYLVWDSGI

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 144

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV FXOWXUDOHV TXH KDQ LGR SURGXFLpQGRVH KD VLGR OD IRUPD LQVWLWXFLRQDO TXH KD
SHUPLWLGRHOJUDQDYDQFHHGXFDWLYRGHODSREODFLyQHVSDxRODHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV8QDYDQFH
HGXFDWLYRDEVROXWDPHQWH~QLFRUHVSHFWRDQXHVWURSDVDGRWDQWRSDUDORVKRPEUHVFRPRVREUH
WRGRSDUDODVPXMHUHV
(VWHDYDQFHHVFRQRFLGRSHURTXLHURDSXQWDUWDQVyORXQSDUGHFLIUDVSDUDTXHYHDPRV
VXDOFDQFHUHDOHQKDEtDWRGDYtDHQ(VSDxDDOJRPiVGHPLOORQHVGHSHUVRQDVDQDOIDEHWDV
RVLQHVWXGLRVGHODVFXDOHVHODSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHUDQPXMHUHVHVGHFLUXQRVPLOORQHVGH
PXMHUHVDxRVPiVWDUGHHQHODQDOIDEHWLVPRRVLQHVWXGLRVDIHFWDDSHUVRQDV
GH ODV FXDOHV FDVL XQ  VRQ PXMHUHV HV GHFLU XQDV  OD SREODFLyQ VLQ HVWXGLRV KD
TXHGDGR GLYLGLGD SRU  DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH \ OD PD\RUtD GH HGDGHV DYDQ]DGDV (Q HO QLYHO
HGXFDWLYRPiVDOWRTXLHQHVKDQDOFDQ]DGRXQWtWXORXQLYHUVLWDULRHOSRUFHQWDMHGHSHUVRQDVFRQ
HVWXGLRV WHUPLQDGRV VH KD PXOWLSOLFDGR SDUDORV KRPEUHV SRU  HQWUH  \  SDUD ODV
PXMHUHV SRU  /DV WLWXODGDV XQLYHUVLWDULDV KDQ SDVDGR GH  HQ OD SULPHUD IHFKD D
HQHODxR\DFRQVWLWXLUHOGHOWRWDOGHWLWXODGRVVXSHULRUHVVXSHUDQGRD
ORVKRPEUHV'HVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDGHODXPHQWRGHORVQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRV\DFDGpPLFRVHO
p[LWR HV DEVROXWDPHQWH HYLGHQWH SHUR QR VyOR SDUD ODV PXMHUHV TXH KDQ DXPHQWDGR PiV SHUR
YHQtDQGHXQDVLWXDFLyQGHLQIHULRULGDGVLQRWDPELpQHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHORVKRPEUHVWLWXODGRV
VXSHULRUHV
e[LWRSXHVLQGLVFXWLEOHGHODHVFXHODPL[WD6REUHWRGRDOQLYHOGHORVORJURVDFDGpPLFRV
TXHHVORTXHVHHVWiPLGLHQGRDWUDYpVGHORVDXPHQWRVGHQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRV0HQRVIiFLOHVGH
PHGLU VRQ ORV ORJURV HQ RWURV DVSHFWRV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ FRPR SXHGDQ VHU OD LQWHULRUL]DFLyQ GH
SDXWDVGHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRYLROHQWDVRGHDFWLWXGHVGHFRPSHWLWLYLGDGRGHFRRSHUDFLyQ\WDQWRV
RWURV DVSHFWRV YLQFXODGRV D DFWLWXGHV \ YDORUHV TXH QR PHGLPRV \ TXH VLQ HPEDUJR VRQ
IXQGDPHQWDOHVHQODUHJXODFLyQGHORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVLQGLYLGXDOHV\FROHFWLYRV3HURHVWHHV\D
RWURWHPD
3XHVELHQMXVWRFXDQGRFRQVWDWDPRVTXHFRQODHVFXHODPL[WDVHKDGDGRXQJUDQVDOWR
DGHODQWH HQ HO UHQGLPLHQWR HVFRODU GH FKLFRV \ FKLFDV VH LQLFLD GH QXHYR HO GHEDWH VREUH OD
FRQYHQLHQFLD GH OD HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD 8Q GHEDWH TXH QXQFD PXULy GHO WRGR GXUDQWH ORV DxRV
QRYHQWD VXUJtDQ \D GH YH] HQ FXDQGR YRFHV D IDYRU GH OD VHJUHJDFLyQ (Q OD GpFDGD DFWXDO
DOJXQDV HVFXHODV SULYDGDV VHJUHJDGDV FRQVLJXLHURQ VHU FRQFHUWDGDV D SDUWLU GH XQ FDPELR
OHJLVODWLYR LQWURGXFLGR SRU HO VHJXQGR JRELHUQR GHO 33  TXH HOLPLQy OD VHJUHJDFLyQ
SRUVH[RFRPRXQRGHORVPRWLYRVH[FOX\HQWHVGHORVFRQFLHUWRVHGXFDWLYRV<HQORV~OWLPRV
GRV DxRV VHD HQ GHIHQVD GHO PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH HVWRV FRQFLHUWRV VHD SRU UD]RQHV SROtWLFDV H
LGHROyJLFDV HO GHEDWH VH KD UHFUXGHFLGR \ KD LGR DWUDYHVDQGR (VSDxD FRPXQLGDG SRU
FRPXQLGDG HQ XQD HVSHFLH GH ROD TXH UHFODPDED KR\ DTXt PDxDQD DOOi OD DWHQFLyQ GH ORV
PHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ

,QVWLWXWRGHOD0XMHU/DVPXMHUHVHQFLIUDVDQLYHUVDULR,QVWLWXWRGHOD0XMHU0DGULG<HODERUDFLyQ
SURSLD
&($3$&RQIHGHUDFLyQ(VSDxRODGH$VRFLDFLRQHVGH3DGUHVGH$OXPQRVSURGXMRXQGRFXPHQWRDSULQFLSLRV

GHGHQXQFLDGRTXHXQDVHVFXHODVYLQFXODGDVDO2SXV'HLTXHVHSDUDQDORVDOXPQRVGHODVDOXPQDVHQODV
FODVHVHVWDEDQFRQFHUWDGDVHVGHFLUSDUFLDOPHQWHILQDQFLDGDVFRQGLQHURS~EOLFR

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 145

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

$OJXQDV DXWRQRPtDV KDQ FRQVLGHUDGR TXH QR GHEtDQ FRQFHUWDU HVFXHODV VHJUHJDGDV
2WUDV TXH PDQWHQGUtDQ ORV FRQFLHUWRV \D H[LVWHQWHV /D GLVSDULGDG GH FULWHULRV PXHVWUD
FODUDPHQWHTXHODVRSFLRQHVVHGHEHQDGLIHUHQFLDVHQODUHODFLyQGHIXHU]DVSROtWLFDV\UHOLJLRVDV
PiV TXH D DUJXPHQWDFLRQHV TXH KD\DQ WHQLGR HQ FXHQWD ORV DVSHFWRV FXOWXUDOHV TXH LPSOLFD OD
HGXFDFLyQPL[WDRVHJUHJDGD8QDYH]PiVORVFRQIOLFWRVHLQWHUHVHVHQWUHDGXOWRVSULPDQVREUH
HO DQiOLVLV SUHFLVR GH ODV FRQVHFXHQFLDV TXH FDGD WLSR GH HGXFDFLyQ SXHGD WHQHU VREUH ODV
JHQHUDFLRQHVQXHYDV3HURHOGHEDWHQRKDWHUPLQDGRKD\HQHVWHPRPHQWRXQDIXHUWHFRUULHQWH
VXE\DFHQWH R SRU OR PHQRV UHODWLYDPHQWH SRFR YLVLEOH WRGDYtD TXH VH KD SURSXHVWR YROYHU D
JHQHUDOL]DUODHVFXHODVHJUHJDGD\TXHVHJXLUiSODQWHDQGRSUREDEOHPHQWHQRVyORHOGHUHFKRGH
ODV IDPLOLDV D HOHJLU OD IRUPD GH HVFRODUL]DFLyQ TXH SUHILHUHQ SDUD VXV KLMRV H KLMDV \ D REWHQHU
ILQDQFLDFLyQ S~EOLFD SDUD HOOR VLQR OD FRQYHQLHQFLD GH TXH OD PD\RUtD GH HVFXHODV YXHOYD D OD
IyUPXODGHODVHJUHJDFLyQSRUVH[RV$VtTXHXQDYH]PiV\WRGDVODVTXHKDJDIDOWDKDEUiTXH
YROYHUDDQDOL]DU\H[SRQHUORVDUJXPHQWRVGHOSRUTXpSRUORPHQRVHQXQDHWDSDUHODWLYDPHQWH
FHUFDQDHQHOWLHPSRHQODTXHSRGHPRVSUHYHUHQDOJXQDPHGLGDODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHODVRFLHGDG
KD\ TXH PDQWHQHU OD HVFXHOD PL[WD \ KDFHUOD HYROXFLRQDU KDFLD IRUPDV PiV FRPSOHMDV GH
FRHGXFDFLyQ

Los argumentos a favor de una escuela diferenciada112

/DDUJXPHQWDFLyQTXHHQHOSDVDGROOHYDEDDODFRQFOXVLyQGHTXHQLxRV\QLxDVGHEtDQ
VHU HGXFDGRV SRU VHSDUDGR HUD VLPSOH \ WRWDOPHQWH FRQFRUGDQWH FRQ OD FRQFHSFLyQ VRFLDO GHO
SDSHOGLIHUHQFLDGRGHORVKRPEUHV\ODVPXMHUHVHQODVRFLHGDG6LHOGHVWLQRVRFLDOGHKRPEUHV\
PXMHUHV HV GLVWLQWR VL HOORV GHEHQ GHGLFDUVH D OD YLGD S~EOLFD \ HOODV D OD YLGD SULYDGD VX
HGXFDFLyQREYLDPHQWHQRSXHGHVHUODPLVPD/DHGXFDFLyQHVWDUiGHVWLQDGDDGHVDUUROODUHQORV
LQGLYLGXRVGHFDGDXQRGHORVVH[RVDTXHOODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHIDYRUH]FDQVXGHVWLQRVRFLDO\D
FRPEDWLUODVTXHORHQWRUSH]FDQ(VGHFLUODHGXFDFLyQGHEHFRQWULEXLUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHOR
TXHKR\OODPDPRVHOJpQHURTXHQRVHSURGXFHGHXQDPDQHUDQDWXUDOHQORVLQGLYLGXRVVLQR
TXHHQJUDQSDUWHHVIRU]DGRWDQWRHQKRPEUHVFRPRHQPXMHUHVLQFXOFDGRDYHFHVHQFRQWUDGH
ORVGHVHRV\DSWLWXGHVGHORVLQGLYLGXRV1RYR\DHQWUDUHQODGHPRVWUDFLyQGHHVWHSXQWRKD\
\DPXFKtVLPDOLWHUDWXUDTXHORKDGRFXPHQWDGRGHPDQHUDFRQFOX\HQWH3RUVLDOJXLHQGXGDGH
TXHHVWDIXHUDODEDVHDUJXPHQWDOSDUDODVHSDUDFLyQHVFRODUGHVH[RVOHUHPLWRDOFDStWXORTXLQWR
GHO (PLOLR GH 5RXVVHDX OLEUR SHGDJyJLFDPHQWH HPEOHPiWLFR H LQIOX\HQWH HQ HO PXQGR GH OD

&DQWDEULDSRUHMHPSORXQDGHODVSULPHUDVDXWRQRPtDVHQTXHVHSURGXMRHOGHEDWHGHFLGLyUHWLUDUHOFRQFLHUWRD

XQD HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD TXH OR KDEtD REWHQLGR DQWHULRUPHQWH 3DUD HO GHEDWH HQ &DQWDEULD YHU (O 3DtV 
&DQWDEULD HVWXGLD UHWLUDU DO 2SXV OD OLFHQFLD GH XQ FROHJLR (Q &DWDOXxD HQ FDPELR OD /(& SULPHUD OH\ GH HGXFDFLyQ
DSUREDGD SRU HO 3DUODPHQWR FDWDOiQ MXOLR  RSWD SRU PDQWHQHU ORV FRQFLHUWRV HGXFDWLYRV D ODV HVFXHODV
VHJUHJDGDVTXH\DORKDEtDQREWHQLGRFRQDQWHULRULGDG

(OWpUPLQRHVFXHODGLIHUHQFLDGDHVHOTXHSURSRQHQDOJXQDVGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHWUDEDMDQHQHVWHVHQWLGRSDUD
HOLPLQDUHOWpUPLQRHVFXHODVHJUHJDGDXWLOL]DGRDPHQXGRSDUDGHVLJQDUODHVFXHODTXHLQFOX\HDXQVRORVH[R/D
GLIHUHQFLDHVWiKR\GHPRGDHVWiLQFOXVRFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQDVSHFWRSRVLWLYRHQODPHGLGDHQTXHSDUHFHDSHODU
DO UHVSHWR D OD GLIHUHQFLD 8VDUp DTXt SRU OR WDQWR HVWH WpUPLQR DO UHIHULUPH D ORV DUJXPHQWRV TXH OR SURSRQHQ
SXHVWRTXHDVtHVFRPRVXHOHQSUHVHQWDUHVWDIRUPDGHHVFRODUL]DFLyQ

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 146

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

HGXFDFLyQGXUDQWHODUJRWLHPSRGRQGHHQSRFDV\PX\FODUDVSDODEUDVVHH[SOLFDHOWUDWDPLHQWR
TXHKD\TXHGDUDODGHVGLFKDGD6RItDSDUDTXHDSUHQGDDVHUPXMHU\FRPSRUWDUVHFRPRWDO
1R HV KR\ pVWD OD DUJXPHQWDFLyQ GH TXLHQ GHILHQGH HO UHJUHVR D XQD HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD
$FWXDOPHQWHVREUHXQDEDVHLGHROyJLFDJHQHUDOGHDFHSWDFLyQGHODLJXDOGDGHQWUHORVVH[RVHVWH
WLSR GH DUJXPHQWRV VHUtDQ FRQVLGHUDGRV LQDFHSWDEOHV HQ HO PXQGR RFFLGHQWDO 6L GH GHVWLQRV
GLIHUHQFLDGRVHQIXQFLyQGHOVH[RVHGHULYDODQHFHVLGDGGHXQDHGXFDFLyQGLIHUHQFLDGDTXHSRU
VXSXHVWRQRVHGHVDUUROODHQSDUDOHORSRUTXHHQXQFDVRGHEHFRQGXFLUDOGRPLQLRGHOPXQGR
HQHORWURDODVXPLVLyQGHGHVWLQRVLJXDOHVFRQWRGDODDPELJHGDGGHOWpUPLQRKDEUtDTXH
GHULYDUXQPLVPRWLSRGHHGXFDFLyQ/DDUJXPHQWDFLyQVREUHODQHFHVLGDGGHVHSDUDUHVFXHODVHV
KR\ PXFKR PHQRV REYLDPHQWH PLVyJLQD H[FHSWR FXDQGR VH EDVD HQ SULQFLSLRV PRUDOHV
GHVWLQDGRV D SUHVHUYDU OD SXUH]D GH ODV PXFKDFKDV \ D GHPRQL]DU OD SUR[LPLGDG ItVLFD HQWUH
FKLFRV \ FKLFDV 3HUR HVWH WLSR GH SULQFLSLRV PRUDOHV TXH HQ DOJXQDV VRFLHGDGHV SXHGHQ VHU
WRGDYtDKR\PX\FRQYLQFHQWHVVRQSRUHOPRPHQWRHQWUHQRVRWURVFRQVLGHUDGRVUHSUHVRUHV\
DQWLFXDGRV/DSHUPLVLYLGDGVH[XDOGHODVRFLHGDGHVSDxRODHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVQRHQFDMDUtDHVWH
WLSR GH SULQFLSLRV WRGR SDUHFH LQGLFDU TXH OD PD\RUtD GH ODV SHUVRQDV HQ QXHVWUR SDtV VREUH
WRGRHQHGDGHVMyYHQHVFRQVLGHUDPiVSRVLWLYDVODSHUPLVLYLGDG\ODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQVH[XDOTXH
ODUHSUHVLyQVXEOLPL]DGD
$VtTXHQRVHWUDWDGHHVWRDOPHQRVDELHUWDPHQWH<HQWRQFHVODVDUJXPHQWDFLRQHVVRQ
SRFR VyOLGDV OyJLFDPHQWH FRMDV 6H VXVWHQWDQ HQ GRQGH SXHGHQ LQWHQWDQ XQD YH] PiV
QDWXUDOL]DUODVGLIHUHQFLDVHLQYRFDUYHQWDMDVUHODWLYDVDORTXHKR\SXHGHLPSRUWDUDODVIDPLOLDV
HOp[LWRHVFRODU
1RSUHWHQGRHQDEVROXWRH[SRQHUGHPRGRH[KDXVWLYRORVDUJXPHQWRVTXHVHIRUPXODQ
HQUHODFLyQDODVXSHULRULGDGGHXQDHVFXHODGLIHUHQFLDGDVLQR~QLFDPHQWHUHIHULUPHDORVTXHGH
PRGRPiVIUHFXHQWHVHKDQXWLOL]DGR%iVLFDPHQWHGRVWLSRVGHDUJXPHQWDFLRQHV
 /DV GLIHUHQFLDV HQ HO GHVDUUROOR \ PDGXUDFLyQ GHO FHUHEUR HQWUH QLxRV \ QLxDV TXH
FRPSOLFDQDOHGXFDUORVFRQMXQWDPHQWHORVSURFHVRVHGXFDWLYRVGHXQRV\RWUDV
 /DV GLIHUHQFLDV HQ ORV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV \ DFWLWXGHV GH QLxRV \ QLxDV TXH LPSOLFDQ XQ
HOHPHQWR QHJDWLYR YLROHQFLD UHWUDVR HVFRODU IDOWD GH HVWtPXORV GH FRPSHWLFLyQ
FXDQGRVHSURGXFHXQDHGXFDFLyQFRQMXQWD

9HDPRVHOSULPHUDVSHFWRODUHIHUHQFLDDOGHVDUUROOR\PDGXUDFLyQGHOFHUHEURPDVFXOLQR
\IHPHQLQR(Q(VSDxDODDXWRUDPiVFRQRFLGDSRUVXVHVFULWRVWHyULFRVVREUHODVXSHULRULGDGGH
ODHVFXHODGLIHUHQFLDGDHV0DUtD&DOYR&KDUURSURIHVRUDGH'HUHFKR$GPLQLVWUDWLYRGHOD&DUORV
,,,&DOYRKDHVFULWRGLYHUVRVOLEURVVREUHHOWHPD6XDUJXPHQWDFLyQEiVLFDPX\UHVXPLGDPHQWH
HV6HUtDLGHDOTXHHOPRGHORPL[WRKX\HUDGHOLJXDOLWDULVPRQHXWUDOL]DQWHGHORVVH[RV3HURHV

$PHQXGRpVWDHVODUD]yQVXE\DFHQWHSDUDSURPRYHUODHVFXHODGLIHUHQFLDGD$VtSRUHMHPSORHQORV(VWDGRV

8QLGRVGXUDQWHODHWDSDGHSUHVLGHQFLDGH%XVKKDFUHFLGRHOQ~PHURGHHVFXHODVGLIHUHQFLDGDVEiVLFDPHQWHFRQ
DUJXPHQWRVGHFDUiFWHUPRUDOL]DQWHFRQFRUGDQWHVFRQODLGHRORJtDSURPRYLGDHQHVWDHWDSD(Q(VSDxDKD\WDPELpQ
XQWUDVIRQGRGHPRUDOFDWyOLFDHQHVWHPLVPRVHQWLGRSHURODXWLOL]DFLyQGHHVWDDUJXPHQWDFLyQHVPHQRVIUHFXHQWH
SUREDEOHPHQWHSRUHOPRPHQWRLGHROyJLFRDFWXDOVREUHODVSUiFWLFDVVH[XDOHVPXFKRPiVSHUPLVLYRTXHHQRWURV
SDtVHV\SRUVXSXHVWRTXHHQRWUDVpSRFDV

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 147

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

PX\GLItFLO6LVHHQVHxDGHPDQHUDUD]RQDGDOHQWD\DQDOtWLFDODVQLxDVVHDEXUUHQPLHQWUDVTXH
VLVHHQVHxDGHPDQHUDH[SOtFLWD\iJLOVRQORVQLxRVORVTXHVHSLHUGHQ(OULWPRGHPDGXUDFLyQ\
GHVDUUROOR HQ ORV YDURQHV HV PXFKR PiV OHQWR TXH HO GH ODV QLxDV 6ROXFLRQDU HVR HV PX\
FRPSOLFDGR(QDOJXQDVHQWUHYLVWDV&DOYRLQVLVWHHQTXHQLxRV\QLxDVVRQLJXDOHV\TXHQR
VHWUDWDGHYROYHUDODHGXFDFLyQGLVFULPLQDWRULDSDUDODVPXMHUHVQLWDPSRFRDQLQJ~QSULQFLSLR
UHOLJLRVR 'H VX UD]RQDPLHQWR VH GHGXFH TXH PiV ELHQ ODV QLxDV VRQ VXSHULRUHV HQ UDSLGH] GH
DSUHQGL]DMH\TXHHVWRSHUMXGLFDDORVQLxRV0HSDUHFH~WLOFLWDUFRQFLHUWDDPSOLWXGXQDGHVXV
HQWUHYLVWDVSXHVWRTXHQRVGDVXFLQWDPHQWHODEDVHGHVXDUJXPHQWDFLyQ

*UDFLDV D ORV DYDQFHV WHFQROyJLFRV GH ORV ~OWLPRV  DxRV VH KDQ SRGLGR GHVDUUROODU QXHYRV PpWRGRV GH
LQYHVWLJDFLyQ GH OD HVWUXFWXUD \ GHO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FHUHEUDO /RV VFDQQHUV \ ODV UHVRQDQFLDV PDJQpWLFDV KDQ
SHUPLWLGRDORVFLHQWtILFRVDQDOL]DUXQFHUHEURHQDFWLYLGDGFRPSUREDUODVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHHOORV\FyPRUHVSRQGHQ
D GLVWLQWRV HVWtPXORV GHPRVWUDQGR TXH H[LVWH XQ GLPRUILVPR FHUHEUDO GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD VH[XDO +DVWD
HQWRQFHVVHSHQVDEDTXHHUDQORVUROHVODVSDXWDVFXOWXUDOHVRODHGXFDFLyQTXHGiEDPRVDORVQLxRV\QLxDVORV
TXH GHWHUPLQDEDQ TXH IXHUDQ GH XQD PDQHUD X RWUD DKRUD JUDFLDV D HVWRV DYDQFHV VH SXHGH DILUPDU TXH ORV
FHUHEURV GH XQ KRPEUH \ GH XQD PXMHU VRQ GLIHUHQWHV GHVGH HO QDFLPLHQWR \ TXH FDGD VH[R VLJXH XQ GHVDUUROOR
FHUHEUDOGLVWLQWRDOJRTXHVLVHKXELHUDGLFKRKDFHDxRVVHFRQVLGHUDUtDXQDDEHUUDFLyQ

6L FKLFRV \ FKLFDV DSUHQGHQ GH IRUPD GLIHUHQWH VLJQLILFD HQWRQFHV TXH KD\ TXH
HQVHxDUOHVGHPRGRGLVWLQWR
([DFWR /D HGXFDFLyQ GLIHUHQFLDGD SHUVLJXH DWHQGHU ODV GLVWLQWDV FXDOLGDGHV SDUD DSUHQGHU TXH WLHQHQ
WDQWRORVFKLFRVFRPRODVFKLFDV(OFXUUtFXORHVHOPLVPRODVDVLJQDWXUDV\ORVREMHWLYRVLJXDOHVSHURKD\TXHWHQHU
HQFXHQWDVLHPSUHORVGLVWLQWRVPRGRVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
(OVHJXQGRWLSRGHDUJXPHQWRVDXQTXHSURFHGHGHODPLVPDEDVHFRQFHSWXDOVXHOHVHU
PHQRVVRILVWLFDGR6HEDVDVREUHWRGRHQODDILUPDFLyQGHTXHODHGXFDFLyQGLIHUHQFLDGDSHUPLWH
DOFDQ]DUXQPHMRUUHQGLPLHQWRHVFRODU\XQPHMRUDSUHQGL]DMHGHODVPDWHPiWLFDVSDUDODVQLxDV
SRU HMHPSOR < VXHOHQ LQYRFDUVH HMHPSORV FRQFUHWRV GH HVFXHODV HQ ODV TXH ODV QLxDV KDQ
REWHQLGR PHMRUHV QRWDV \ PHMRUHV UHQGLPLHQWRV HQ PDWHPiWLFDV HQ FHQWURV H[FOXVLYDPHQWH
IHPHQLQRV R HQ TXH VH KD UHEDMDGR HO QLYHO GH YLROHQFLD HQ FHQWURV VyOR GH QLxRV < GH XQD
PDQHUDFUHFLHQWHODDUJXPHQWDFLyQFRPSOHPHQWDULDORVQLxRVVXIUHQGHODFRQYLYHQFLDFRQODV
QLxDV VH OHV SULYD GH VX PDVFXOLQLGDG GH ORV HOHPHQWRV GH FRPSHWLWLYLGDG TXH UHVXOWDQ
HVWLPXODQWHVSDUDHOORV9HDPRVDXQXQDFLWDGH&DOYRTXHUHVXPHHVWHWLSRGHDUJXPHQWDFLyQ
Los chicos espaoles son cada vez ms analfabetos que las chicas. Nuestro sistema
educativo est dando a los muchachos mucho menos de lo que merecen acadmicamente
hablando. Las soluciones propugnadas desde mbitos gubernamentales sugieren sin
embargo la eliminacin de la masculinidad de los jvenes en el desarrollo de programas de

&DOYR06HLJQRUDQODVGLIHUHQFLDVLQWUtQVHFDVHQWUHORVVH[RV(O3DtV
(QWUHYLVWDD0DUtD&DOYR&KDUURSXEOLFDGDHQ&RQVXPHU(URVNL
ZZZFRQVXPHUHVZHEHVHGXFDFLRQHVFRODUSKS

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 148

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

igualdad de gnero y otras medidas contra el sexismo en las aulas que no hacen sino
ahondar an ms en una postura radicalmente errnea que pretende negar unas
caractersticas propias a los varones, provocndoles una autntica crisis de identidad. Los
chicos no necesitan que se les rescate de su masculinidad sino que se les comprenda y se
les apliquen modelos pedaggicos adaptados a su peculiar forma de aprender y
comportarse. Dejemos a los chicos ser chicos y reencontrarn su identidad. Ayudmosles
a convertirse en caballeros y ellos solos cerrarn el abismo educativo que les separa de
las chicas.116

El anlisis de los argumentos sobre una escuela diferenciada


(QHOWLSRGHDUJXPHQWDFLyQTXHKHVHxDODGRKD\DOJXQRVKHFKRVFXULRVRV\HQSULPHU
OXJDU OD PH]FOD GH FRQVHUYDGXULVPR SURIXQGR FRQ OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH FRQFHSWRV DFWXDOHV LQFOXVR
SURFHGHQWHV HQ DOJ~Q FDVR GH OD OLWHUDWXUD IHPLQLVWD (V HVWD GHOLEHUDGD PL[WLILFDFLyQ OR TXH
SHUPLWHTXHHVWRVDUJXPHQWRVFLUFXOHQHLQFOXVRTXHHQFXHQWUHQFLHUWRHFRHQODSREODFLyQ\ORV
PHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQFRPRKHGLFKRPiVDUULEDVLVHXWLOL]DUDQORVDUJXPHQWRVWUDGLFLRQDOHV
HO FKRTXH FRQ ODV FUHHQFLDV DFWXDOHV VHUtD GHPDVLDGR EUXVFR SDUD SHUPLWLU FRQYHQFHU D ORV QR
FRQYHQFLGRV
3HUR VL OD DUJXPHQWDFLyQ HV PRGHUQD HO UHFXUVR HV DQWLJXR HV SRGUtDPRV GHFLU HO GH
VLHPSUH/DQDWXUDOL]DFLyQGHODVGHVLJXDOGDGHVTXHSHUPLWHSRQHUEDMRVRVSHFKDHOFRQFHSWRGH
LJXDOGDG FRPR SURIXQGDPHQWH LQMXVWR \ KRPRJHQHL]DGRU IUHQWH D OD GLYHUVLGDG QDWXUDO /D
LJXDOGDGDSDUHFHHQWRQFHVFRPRSURIXQGDPHQWHHQHPLJDGHODOLEHUWDGODIDPRVDOLEHUWDGGHORV
SDGUHV \ HO GHUHFKR D OD HOHFFLyQ GH FHQWURV \ GH WLSRV GH HGXFDFLyQ FRPR UHGXFWRUD GH ODV
SRVLELOLGDGHVKXPDQDV\HQGHILQLWLYDFRPRXQDLPSRVLFLyQGHFDVWUDFLyQ$XQHQORVFDVRVHQ
TXHWRGRHOORVHKDFHFRQODPHMRUYROXQWDGHOUHVXOWDGRHVHOGHDEULUGHQXHYRHOFDPLQRKDFLD
ODMXVWLILFDFLyQGHODGHVLJXDOGDGDOKDEHUDSDUWDGRORVREVWiFXORVWHyULFRVTXHODFRQYHUWtDQHQ
LQGHVHDEOH
$KRUD ELHQ HO DWDTXH D OD LJXDOGDG QR HV IURQWDO DQWHV DO FRQWUDULR VH FRPLHQ]D SRU
DILUPDUOD FRPR XQD SUHPLVD EiVLFD $Vt SXHV \D QR KD\ GHVLJXDOGDG VLQR GLIHUHQFLD 3HUR XQD
GLIHUHQFLDEDVDGDHQODQDWXUDOH]D\SRUORWDQWRLQPXWDEOH
$ SHVDU GH ODYROXQWDG GH PRGHUQLGDG GH OD DUJXPHQWDFLyQ SRU WDQWR VH SURGXFH XQD
QHFHVLGDG OyJLFD OD GH QHJDU HO SDSHO GH OR VRFLDO 3RUTXH HQ QXHVWUD LGHRORJtD DFWXDO OR VRFLDO
DSDUHFH \D FRPR DOJR VREUH OR TXH SRGHPRV LQIOXLU TXH SRGHPRV PRGLILFDU PLHQWUDV HQ
FDPELR OR ELROyJLFR VLJXH GHVHPSHxDQGR HO SDSHO GH OR GDGR OR HWHUQR HO SDSHO TXH WXYR OD
HVHQFLD HQ HO SDVDGR FXDQGR HVWH WpUPLQR KD SHUGLGR IXHU]D HQ HO LPDJLQDULR PRGHUQR $Vt

&DOYR&KDUUR01XHYDVSHGDJRJtDV\FULVLVGHOYDUyQHQFRQR=HFRP
ZZZFRQR]HFRPLQGH[SKS"DFFLRQ DXWRU DXWRU 0DU('D&DOYR&KDUUR

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 149

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

TXHPX\SURQWRHQHVWDVDUJXPHQWDFLRQHVWLHQHQTXHDSDUHFHUDILUPDFLRQHVGHOWLSRKDFHYHLQWH
DxRVVHKXELHUDFRQVLGHUDGRXQDDEHUUDFLyQGHFLUTXHORVFHUHEURVGHKRPEUHV\PXMHUHVHUDQ
GLVWLQWRVSRUTXHHQWRQFHVVHFUHtDTXHHUDQORVUROHV\ODHGXFDFLyQ3RUVXHUWHODFLHQFLD\DQRV
KD VDOYDGR GH WDOHV HUURUHV \ KR\ VDEHPRV IHKDFLHQWHPHQWH TXH ORV LQGLYLGXRV HVWiQ
GHWHUPLQDGRV SRU VX FHUHEUR GHVGH HO PRPHQWR GHO QDFLPLHQWR \ SRU TXp QR GHVGH OD
FRQFHSFLyQPHSUHJXQWRSXHVWRVDQRGHMDUQLXQFDERVXHOWR"<VLHOFHUHEURGHORVKRPEUHV
\ ODV PXMHUHV HV GLIHUHQWH TXHGD FODUR TXH QR SXHGHQ VHU HGXFDGRV FRQMXQWDPHQWH WUDWDU GH
KDFHUOR HV FRQGHQDU D ORV FKLFRV D OD YLROHQFLD LPSHGLUOHV TXH DVXPDQ \ GHVDUUROOHQ VX
PDVFXOLQLGDG LPSRQHUOHV XQ ULWPR LQDGHFXDGR \ SRU OR WDQWR OOHYDUORV GLUHFWDPHQWH DO IUDFDVR
HVFRODU
1R YR\ D HQWUDU HQ OD GLVFXVLyQ VREUH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV GH GHVDUUROOR GHO FHUHEUR HQ
KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV (O WHPD HV GH VXILFLHQWH FDODGR SDUD TXH QR OR KDJDPRV GH FXDOTXLHU
PDQHUD\GHVGHSHUVRQDVQRHVSHFLDOL]DGDV(OTXHKD\DGLIHUHQFLDVGHGHVDUUROORHQHOFHUHEURGH
KRPEUHV\PXMHUHVSDUHFHHQSULQFLSLRXQDDILUPDFLyQGHSHURJUXOORHOTXHHVWDGLIHUHQFLDKD\D
GHWUDGXFLUVHHQGLVWLQWDVIRUPDVGHHGXFDFLyQQRHVWiFODURHQDEVROXWR6LWRGDVODVGLIHUHQFLDV
HQFRQWUDGDV HQ HO GHVDUUROOR FHUHEUDO WXYLHUDQ TXH GDU OXJDU D XQD GLVWLQWD HGXFDFLyQ
SUREDEOHPHQWHGHEHUtDPRVIUDJPHQWDUODHVFXHODDOLQILQLWR
6LQ HQWUDU SRU WDQWR D FRPHQWDU HO FDUiFWHU GH HVWDV GLIHUHQFLDV KD\ GRV REVHUYDFLRQHV
TXHPHSDUHFHQDGHFXDGDVDOWHPD
(QORV~OWLPRVWLHPSRVVHHVWiQSURGXFLHQGRJUDQGHVDYDQFHVHQHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR \ GHVDUUROOR GHO FHUHEUR WHPD LPSRUWDQWtVLPR SDUD FRQRFHU PHMRU QXHVWUD
QDWXUDOH]D\QXHVWUDGRWDFLyQELROyJLFD&RPRSURIDQDTXHVR\HQHVWRVWHPDVTXHVyORVLJRGH
OHMRVPLLPSUHVLyQHVTXHVHHVWiHQXQPRPHQWRGHDYDQFHSHURTXHIDOWDDXQPXFKRSDUDXQ
FRQRFLPLHQWRFRPSOHWR\H[KDXVWLYRGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\GHVDUUROORFHUHEUDOGHORVKXPDQRV
3RURWUDSDUWHWRGRVVDEHPRV\DDHVWDVDOWXUDVTXHWRGRFRQRFLPLHQWRFLHQWtILFRHVSURYLVLRQDO
\TXHPiVDOOiGHORVKHFKRVSUREDGRVVXLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHSHQGHGHOiPELWRLGHROyJLFRSROtWLFR
\VRFLDOHQHOTXHVHLQVWDODODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHLQFOXVRPiVFRQFUHWDPHQWHODSHUVRQDTXHODUHDOL]D
(QORV~OWLPRVDxRVHOLQFUHPHQWRGHHVWXGLRVVREUHHOFHUHEURDVtFRPRHODXPHQWRGHOSXQWR
GHYLVWDIHPLQLVWDHQORViPELWRVXQLYHUVLWDULRVKDQSHUPLWLGRHOTXHPXFKDVLQYHVWLJDGRUDVVH
FHQWUDUDQ HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ HO DQiOLVLV GH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV HQWUH HO FXHUSR IHPHQLQR \ HO FXHUSR
PDVFXOLQR(QHIHFWRQXHVWURODUJRSDVDGRDQGURFpQWULFRWXYRFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDHOFRQYHUWLU
HO FXHUSR PDVFXOLQR HQ PRGHOR GH UHIHUHQFLD XQLYHUVDO PLHQWUDV HO FXHUSR IHPHQLQR UHFLEtD
PHQRU DWHQFLyQ HQ VX HVSHFLILFLGDG (OOR KD LPSOLFDGR XQ UHWUDVR HQ PXFKRV DVSHFWRV SRU
HMHPSORHQHOHVWXGLRGHDTXHOODVHQIHUPHGDGHVTXHDSDUHFHQPiVIUHFXHQWHPHQWHHQODVPXMHUHV
/DDGRSFLyQGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDIHPLQLVWDHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQPpGLFDRELROyJLFDKDVXSXHVWR
XQD PD\RU DWHQFLyQ D ORV DVSHFWRV HVSHFtILFDPHQWH IHPHQLQRV GHO GHVDUUROOR \ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR

 3DUD XQD VtQWHVLV UHFLHQWH VREUH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV HQ HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FHUHEUDO HQWUH PXMHUHV \ KRPEUHV YHU
%UL]HQGLQH / (O FHUHEUR IHPHQLQR  5%$ OLEURV %DUFHORQD %UL]HQGLQH KD HVWXGLDGR HO FHUHEUR IHPHQLQR
SUHFLVDPHQWHGHVGHODHVSHFLILFLGDGGHODVPXMHUHV&RPLHQ]DODLQWURGXFFLyQDVXOLEURDILUPDQGR0iVGHO
GHOFyGLJRJHQpWLFRGHORVKRPEUHV\ODVPXMHUHVHVH[DFWDPHQWHHOPLVPR(QWUHWUHLQWDPLOJHQHVTXHKD\HQHO
JHQRPD KXPDQR OD YDULDFLyQ GH PHQRV GHO  HQWUH VH[RV UHVXOWD SHTXHxD 3HUR HVWD GLIHUHQFLD GH SRUFHQWDMH
LQIOX\HHQFXDOTXLHUSHTXHxDFpOXODGHQXHVWURFXHUSRGHVGHORVQHUYLRVTXHUHJLVWUDQSODFHU\VXIULPLHQWRKDVWDODV
QHXURQDVTXHWUDQVPLWHQSHUFHSFLyQSHQVDPLHQWRVVHQWLPLHQWRV\HPRFLRQHVS

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 150

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

FRUSRUDO\SRUORWDQWRODDFHQWXDFLyQGHODVGLIHUHQFLDVUHVSHFWRGHOGHVDUUROOR\IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
FRUSRUDOPDVFXOLQR+DVWDDTXtSRUORWDQWRHODQiOLVLVGHODVGLIHUHQFLDVHVWRWDOPHQWHFRUUHFWR
\ HUD LQFOXVR XQD QHFHVLGDG SDUD LU UHGXFLHQGR HO FDUiFWHU DQGURFpQWULFR GH OD PHGLFLQD \ OD
ELRORJtD\SDUDFRQRFHUHQSURIXQGLGDGODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVELROyJLFDVGHODVPXMHUHV
$KRUD ELHQ VL OD LQVLVWHQFLD HQ ODV GLIHUHQFLDV ELROyJLFDV HV XQD QHFHVLGDG GHO
FRQRFLPLHQWR \ QR XQD RSHUDFLyQ GH FDUiFWHU LGHROyJLFR GH HOOR QR WLHQH SRUTXp GHULYDUVH OD
DILUPDFLyQ GH GHVWLQRV VRFLDOHV GLIHUHQWHV 5HFXpUGHVH FRPR HMHPSOR TXH HQ OD SROpPLFD GHO
;,; VREUH OD FDSDFLGDG GH ODV PXMHUHV SDUD HVWXGLDU \ SDUD DSUHQGHU XQR GH ORV DUJXPHQWRV
FHQWUDOHV SDUD MXVWLILFDU VX H[FOXVLyQ HUD OD GHO PHQRU SHVR GHO FHUHEUR IHPHQLQR TXH FRPR
GDWR KD VLGR FRQILUPDGR DFWXDOPHQWH TXH WHyULFDPHQWH VXSRQtD OD PHQRU LQWHOLJHQFLD HQ ODV
PXMHUHV\SRUORWDQWRVXLPSRVLELOLGDGGHDSUHQGL]DMHGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVDFDGpPLFRV8QVLJOR
\PHGLRPiVWDUGHHVWDPRVDVLVWLHQGRDODH[SORVLyQJHQHUDOL]DGDGHOWDOHQWR\ODFDSDFLGDGGHODV
PXMHUHV HQ WpUPLQRV DFDGpPLFRV FRQ PD\RU Q~PHUR GH HVWXGLDQWHV GH XQLYHUVLGDG PXMHUHV H
LQFOXVR \D GH WLWXODGDV VXSHULRUHV (O YLHMR DUJXPHQWR GHO SHVR GHO FHUHEUR KD GHPRVWUDGR VX
WRWDO IDOVHGDG R GLFKR GH RWUD PDQHUD OD UHDOLGDG KD GHPRVWUDGR TXH WDO DUJXPHQWR QR WHQtD
QDGDTXHYHUFRQODIDOWDGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHODVPXMHUHVTXHVLPSOHPHQWHHVWDEDQH[FOXLGDVGH
OD SRVLELOLGDG GH DFFHGHU D ORV LQVWLWXWRV GH HQVHxDQ]D PHGLD \ D OD XQLYHUVLGDG (V GHFLU HO
HVWXGLRGHOFHUHEUR\ODGHWHFFLyQGHODVGLIHUHQFLDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRQRLPSOLFDQFRQGLFLRQHV
TXHKDJDQLPSRVLEOHXQDSUHQGL]DMHFRPSDUWLGRSRUORPHQRVQRKD\HYLGHQFLDHPStULFDGHHOOR
KDVWDDKRUDVLQR~QLFDPHQWHODFRQVWDWDFLyQGHGLIHUHQWHVULWPRVTXHSRURWUDSDUWHKDEUtDTXH
FRPSDUDUFRQODVGLIHUHQFLDVLQGLYLGXDOHVGHJUXSRVVRFLDOHVHWFSDUDVDEHUVLVRQUHDOPHQWHODV
PiV GHFLVLYDV HQ UHODFLyQ D ODV FDSDFLGDGHV GH DSUHQGL]DMH 1L SRU OR WDQWR WLHQH SRUTXp
FRQYHUWLUVH HQ HO HOHPHQWR FHQWUDO GH RUGHQDFLyQ GH XQ VLVWHPD HGXFDWLYR GLIHUHQFLDGR OD
LQIHUHQFLDGHTXHGHODVGLIHUHQFLDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRFHUHEUDOVHGHULYDXQDGLILFXOWDGHGXFDWLYD
HQODHGXFDFLyQPL[WDHVXQVDOWRHQHOYDFtRTXHQRKDVLGRHQDEVROXWRGHPRVWUDGR(OPD\RU
IUDFDVRPDVFXOLQRDFWXDOHQODHGXFDFLyQHVGHVGHPLSXQWRGHYLVWDGHELGRDRWUDVFDXVDVELHQ
GLVWLQWDVTXHQRWLHQHQUHODFLyQFRQHOVH[RVLQRSUHFLVDPHQWHFRQHOJpQHUR
<HQGR D RWUR WLSR GH FRQVLGHUDFLyQ OR TXH KD VLGR DPSOLDPHQWH GHPRVWUDGR HV OD
LPSRUWDQFLD GH ODV VLWXDFLRQHV VRFLDOHV SDUD SURGXFLU R QR GHVLJXDOGDG HQWUH ORV LQGLYLGXRV /D
HWHUQD GLVFXVLyQ VREUH TXp SDUWH GH HVWD GHVLJXDOGDG SURFHGH GH XQD GLIHUHQFLD QDWXUDO \ TXp
SDUWH HV SURGXFLGD VRFLDOPHQWH UHSRVD VREUH XQ IDOVR GLOHPD SXHVWR TXH SUHVXSRQH TXH
SRGHPRVVHSDUDUHQFDGDLQGLYLGXRORVHIHFWRVGHVXQDWXUDOH]DGHORVHIHFWRVGHVXHQWRUQR\
DVtVDEHUHQTXpPHGLGDKDLQIOXLGRFDGDFRVD3HURHQORVLQGLYLGXRVFRQFUHWRVHVWRVHIHFWRVQR
SXHGHQ VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV VHSDUDGDPHQWH OD VRFLDOL]DFLyQ RSHUD GHVGH HO QDFLPLHQWR
FRQIRUPDQGR\DODQDWXUDOH]DLQGLYLGXDO5HPLWiPRQRVGHQXHYRDODRSLQLyQGHXQDHVSHFLDOLVWD
(OSULPHUSULQFLSLR GHOD RUJDQL]DFLyQGHO FHUHEUR FRQVLVWH HQ OD VXPDGHJHQHV\ KRUPRQDVSHUR QRSRGHPRV
GHVDWHQGHUHOXOWHULRUHVFXOSLGRGHOFHUHEURTXHUHVXOWDGHQXHVWUDVLQWHUDFFLRQHVFRQRWUDVSHUVRQDV\FRQQXHVWUR
HQWRUQR/RVFLHQWtILFRVVLJXHQVLQVDEHUH[DFWDPHQWHKDVWDTXpSXQWRSXHGHUHIRUPDUVHHOFHUHEURTXHQRVGLR

%UL]HQGLQH/RSFLW3DUDHORMRGHOREVHUYDGRUORVFHUHEURVGHODVPXMHUHV\ORVKRPEUHVQRVRQORPLVPR

/RVFHUHEURVGHORVYDURQHVVRQPiVJUDQGHVHQDOUHGHGRUGHXQLQFOXVRGHVSXpVGHODFRUUHFFLyQSRUWDPDxR
FRUSRUDO(QHOVLJOR;,;ORVFLHQWtILFRVLQWHUSUHWDURQTXHHVWDGLIHUHQFLDGHPRVWUDEDTXHODVPXMHUHVWHQtDQPHQRV
FDSDFLGDG PHQWDO TXH ORV KRPEUHV /DV PXMHUHV \ ORV KRPEUHV VLQ HPEDUJR WLHQHQ HO PLVPR Q~PHUR GH FpOXODV
FHUHEUDOHV/DVFpOXODVHVWiQVLHPSUHDJUXSDGDVFRQPD\RUGHQVLGDGHQODVPXMHUHVFRPRHPEXWLGDVHQXQFRUVp
GHQWURGHXQFUiQHRPiVSHTXHxRS

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 151

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

OD QDWXUDOH]D 9D FRQWUD OD QDWXUDOH]D GH OD LQWXLFLyQ SHUR DOJXQRV HVWXGLRV PXHVWUDQ TXH ORV FHUHEURV GHO
KRPEUH\ODPXMHUWLHQHQGLVWLQWDVXVFHSWLELOLGDGJHQpWLFDDODVLQIOXHQFLDVDPELHQWDOHV(QDPERVFDVRVGHWRGRV
PRGRV\DVDEHPRVEDVWDQWHSDUDHQWHQGHUTXHGHEHUtDGHMDUVHGHODGRHOGHEDWHEiVLFDPHQWHPDOSODQWHDGRGH
QDWXUDOH]DFRQWUDHGXFDFLyQSXHVWRTXHHOGHVDUUROORGHORVQLxRVHVWiLQWUtQVHFDPHQWHFRPSXHVWRGHDPERV
$VtSXHVHQHVWDFXHVWLyQKLVWyULFDPHQWHPDOSODQWHDGDOD~QLFDPDQHUDGHOOHJDUDVDEHU
HQORVLQGLYLGXRVKXPDQRVTXpSDUWHGHQDWXUDOH]DKDMXJDGRHQODSURGXFFLyQGHODGHVLJXDOGDG
HVFRQVWUXLUXQDVRFLHGDGUHDOPHQWHLJXDOLWDULD6LHQXQPRPHQWRKLVWyULFRIXWXURVHDOFDQ]DXQD
VRFLHGDGOLEUHGHDQGURFHQWULVPR\SDWULDUFDGRXQDVRFLHGDGTXHKD\DSHUGLGRKDVWDHOUHFXHUGR
GH OD SUHHPLQHQFLD PDVFXOLQD \ GH OD HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ GH IXQFLRQHV VHJ~Q ORV JpQHURV DTXHOODV
GHVLJXDOGDGHV HQ ORV ORJURV HQ ORV KiELWRV HQ ODV DFWLWXGHV TXH VLJDQ REVHUYiQGRVH FRPR
GLIHUHQFLDV QRWDEOHV \ JHQHUDOL]DGDV HQWUH KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV SRGUiQ VHU FRQVLGHUDGDV FRPR
GHULYDGDVGHXQGLVWLQWRIXQFLRQDPLHQWRFHUHEUDO\ItVLFR$VtSRUHMHPSORHVPX\SUREDEOHTXH
VLJDQ SDULHQGR ODV PXMHUHV D PHQRV TXH VH KD\D SURGXFLGR XQD LQWHUYHQFLyQ UDGLFDO VREUH OD
QDWXUDOH]DTXHIDFXOWHDORVKRPEUHVSDUDODFRQFHSFLyQ\HOSDUWR0iVDOOiGHODFRQVWDWDFLyQGH
XQGLIHUHQWHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOVH[RPDVFXOLQR\IHPHQLQRSDUHFHDUULHVJDGRDILUPDUTXpHVOR
TXHSHUPDQHFHUiFRPRGLIHUHQFLDGHVH[RXQDYH]HOLPLQDGRHOJpQHURFRPRLPSRVLFLyQVRFLDO
'DU OD SUHHPLQHQFLD D OD GLIHUHQFLDV GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GHO FHUHEUR PDVFXOLQR \ IHPHQLQR HV
TXHUHU UHLILFDUODV \ TXp KD\ GH ODV VLPLOLWXGHV" VRQ PD\RUHV R PHQRUHV TXH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV"
SRUTXpQREDVDUQRVHQ HOODVSDUDSUHGLFDUODQHFHVLGDGGHXQPLVPRWLSR GHHGXFDFLyQ"/D
HQRUPH SODVWLFLGDG \ FDSDFLGDG GH DGDSWDFLyQ TXH KHPRV GHPRVWUDGR KDVWD DTXt ORV KXPDQRV
FRQYLHUWH HQ FDVL ULVLEOH OD DILUPDFLyQ GH OD QHFHVLGDG GH XQD HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD EDViQGRVH
VLPSOHPHQWH HQ KHFKRV FRPR OD QHFHVLGDG GH PD\RU FRPSHWLWLYLGDG HQWUH ORV QLxRV SRU
UD]RQHV GHULYDGDV GHO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH VX FHUHEUR +DJDPRV TXH KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV WHQJDQ
OLEUH DFFHVR D WRGDV ODV SRVLELOLGDGHV GH OD YLGD HQ LJXDOGDG GH FRQGLFLRQHV \ \D YHUHPRV PiV
WDUGHVLSHUVLVWHQRQRODVGLIHUHQFLDVHQVXVFHUHEURV\TXpLPSRUWDQFLDWLHQHQHQHOFRQMXQWRGH
VXIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
&XiOHVSRUWDQWRHOIRQGRGHHVWDDUJXPHQWDFLyQ"1HJDGDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHOHQWRUQR
VRFLDO HQ OD WUDQVPLVLyQ GH ORV JpQHURV DSR\DUVH HQ GLIHUHQFLDV ELROyJLFDV SDUD SRVWXODU XQD
HGXFDFLyQ GLIHUHQFLDGD TXH DSDUHQWHPHQWH UHVSRQGH D XQD QHFHVLGDG QDWXUDO < VHJXLU
SURSLFLDQGR FRQ HOOR OD DGTXLVLFLyQ GH JpQHURV HV GHFLU GH PRGHORV FXOWXUDOHV \ VRFLDOHV
GLVWLQWRVSDUDKRPEUHV\SDUDPXMHUHV3HUR\DGHVGHODELRORJtDKDTXHGDGRFODURTXHpVWDQRHV
LQGHSHQGLHQWH GHO HQWRUQR \ TXH ORV HVWtPXORV VRFLDOHV PROGHDQ QXHVWURV FRPSRUWDPLHQWRV \
KiELWRV IDYRUHFLHQGR R GLILFXOWDQGR HO GHVDUUROOR GH GHWHUPLQDGDV FDSDFLGDGHV 'H PRGR TXH
XQD YH] PiV OD GLVFXVLyQ GH IRQGR TXH KDEUtD TXH PDQWHQHU QR HV OD GH OD DGHFXDFLyQ D ODV
GLIHUHQFLDV FHUHEUDOHV VLQR OD GH VL TXHUHPRV XQD VRFLHGDG HQ TXH KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV WHQJDQ
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVKiELWRV\HPRFLRQHVGLVWLQWDVTXHOHVHQFDPLQHQKDFLDSDSHOHVVRFLDOHVGLIHUHQWHV
RVLFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHQRKD\TXHPDUFDUORVGHVWLQRV\ORVUROHVVRFLDOHVDSDUWLUGHOVH[R(VWD
HV OD YHUGDGHUD GLVWLQFLyQ HQWUH TXLHQHV HVWiQ SRU OD HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD \ TXLHQHV HVWiQ SRU OD
FRHGXFDFLyQ'LVFXVLyQOHJtWLPDSRUVXSXHVWRSHURTXHWLHQHTXHVHUDERUGDGDHQVXVWpUPLQRV
SURSLRV\QRHVFDPRWHDGDWUDVSULQFLSLRVFLHQWtILFRVJHQHUDOHV


%UL]HQGLQH/2SFLWS

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 152

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

3HUR DQWHV GH DQDOL]DU TXp HV OR TXH VXSRQH FDGD XQD GH HVWDV GRV RSFLRQHV OD GHO
PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH ORV JpQHURV \ OD GH VX SDXODWLQD GHVDSDULFLyQ FRPR PRGHORV LPSXHVWRV
YHDPRVDXQDOJXQRVRWURVDUJXPHQWRVHVJULPLGRVHQDSR\RGHXQDHGXFDFLyQGLIHUHQFLDGD.

Los argumentos no naturalistas: el mayor rendimiento escolar


/DVGLIHUHQFLDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRFHUHEUDOQRVRQORV~QLFRVDUJXPHQWRVXWLOL]DGRVSDUD
SURPRYHU OD HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD DXQTXH VXE\DFHQ D OD PD\RUtD GH DUJXPHQWRV DFWXDOHV +D\
WDPELpQ RWURV DUJXPHQWRV EiVLFDPHQWH HO PD\RU UHQGLPLHQWR HVFRODU \ HVSHFLDOPHQWH
PDWHPiWLFR GH ODV FKLFDV HQ HVFXHODV VyOR GH FKLFDV OD GLVPLQXFLyQ GH OD YLROHQFLD HQ DPERV
WLSRVGHFHQWURV\HOSRVLEOHPD\RUUHQGLPLHQWRGHORVFKLFRVHQHVFXHODVVyORGHFKLFRV0iVXQ
~OWLPRDUJXPHQWRFDGDYH]PiVSUHVHQWHHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHOQ~PHURGHFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRVGHXQ
VRORVH[RHQHOPXQGRHVJULPLGRFRPRDUJXPHQWRSDUDPRVWUDUODOHJLWLPDFLyQGHODIyUPXODGH
HGXFDFLyQVHJUHJDGD
(Q UHODFLyQ DO PD\RU UHQGLPLHQWR \ QLYHOHV DOFDQ]DGRV SRU ODV FKLFDV HQ GHWHUPLQDGDV
GLVFLSOLQDV FRPR ODV PDWHPiWLFDV HQ HVFXHODV GH FKLFDV KD\ TXH WHQHU HQ FXHQWD XQ KHFKR D
PHQXGRHVWHWLSRGHHVFXHODVVHKDQFUHDGRFRPRFHQWURVGHVWLQDGRVDPXMHUHVGHFODVHDOWD\
VRQFHQWURVTXHFXHQWDQFRQXQRVUHFXUVRV\XQSURIHVRUDGRSRUHQFLPDGHORFRP~QDGHPiV
GH XQDV DOXPQDV SURFHGHQWHV GH IDPLOLDV GH XQ QLYHO FXOWXUDO PX\ DOWR /RV PRGHORV IXHURQ
DOJXQRV FHQWURV HGXFDWLYRV GH SULQFLSLRV GHO VLJOR ;; HQ ,QJODWHUUD HO PRYLPLHQWR VXIUDJLVWD
OLGHUDGR SRU PXMHUHV SHUWHQHFLHQWHV D OD EXUJXHVtD JHQHUy XQDV IRUPDV LGHROyJLFDV HVSHFLDOHV
JUXSRV GH PXMHUHV FDSDFHV GH HPXODU D ORV KRPEUHV GH VX FODVH VRFLDO HQ HO iPELWR GHO
FRQRFLPLHQWR GHO GHSRUWH HWF /D HGXFDFLyQ PL[WD HUD DXQ LPSHQVDEOH ODV JUDQGHV HVFXHODV \
XQLYHUVLGDGHV LQJOHVDV HQ ODV TXH VH HGXFDEDQ ORV IXWXURV ORUGV HVWDEDQ SHQVDGDV SDUD OD
IRUPDFLyQGHJHQWOHPDQ\HUDLQLPDJLQDEOHLQFOXLUHQHOORVDODVPXMHUHV3HUR\DODVPXMHUHV
GHHVWDVIDPLOLDVKDEtDQGHFLGLGRWHQHUDFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUDODSUiFWLFDGHSRUWLYDDOD
SRVLELOLGDGGHYLDMDUHWF\DVtIXHURQFUHDGRVDOJXQRVFROOHJHTXHOHVHVWDEDQGHVWLQDGRV\HQ
ORVTXHDOFDQ]DURQXQDOWRQLYHOGHFRQRFLPLHQWRV(Q(VSDxDDSHQDVKXERDOJ~QHFRGHWRGR
HOORHQODSURSLDEXUJXHVtDORVJUXSRVLOXVWUDGRVHUDQHVFDVRVODLGHRORJtDGRPLQDQWHHQUHODFLyQ
DODVPXMHUHVFRQVLVWtDDXQIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQHOGHVWLQRH[FOXVLYDPHQWHPDWHUQDO\KRJDUHxR
3UREDEOHPHQWH HO FHQWUR TXH PiV VH SDUHFLy D DTXHOORV FROOHJH IXH OD 5HVLGHQFLD GH
6HxRULWDVHQ0DGULGFUHDGDHQSDUDOHORDODIDPRVD5HVLGHQFLDGH(VWXGLDQWHV\GLULJLGDSRU
0DUtDGH0DH]WXHQODTXHFRQYLYtDXQDH[WUDxDPH]FODGHH[LJHQFLDLQWHOHFWXDO\FRQWUROVREUH
ODYLGDSULYDGD

5RVD&DSHOKDHVWXGLDGRODKLVWRULDGHOD5HVLGHQFLDGH6HxRULWDVDWUDYpVGHVXDUFKLYR&DSHO50(ODUFKLYR

GH OD 5HVLGHQFLD GH 6HxRULWDV 3DUWLFLSDFLyQ (GXFDWLYD Q  /D HGXFDFLyQ IDFWRU GH LJXDOGDG 5HYLVWD FXDWULPHVWUDO GHO
&RQVHMR(VFRODUGHO(VWDGRMXOLRZZZPHFHVFHVFHVUHYLVWDUHYLVWDSGI


UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 153

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

(VWDWUDGLFLyQGLYXOJDGDEiVLFDPHQWHDWUDYpVGHO5HLQR8QLGR\GHDOJXQRVFHQWURVGH
(VWDGRV 8QLGRV KD WHQLGR XQ FDUiFWHU WRWDOPHQWH PLQRULWDULR SHUR LGHROyJLFDPHQWH SHUVLVWH
FRPRXQPRGHORSRVLEOHODVPXMHUHVHGXFDGDVIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHSRUPXMHUHV\VHSDUDGDVGH
ORVKRPEUHVSXHGHQDGRSWDUPiVOLEUHPHQWHKDVWDFLHUWRSXQWRDFWLWXGHVTXHHQWLHPSRVIXHURQ
FRQVLGHUDGDV H[FOXVLYDPHQWH PDVFXOLQDV \ TXH HQ FDPELR VHUtDQ GLItFLOHV GH PDQWHQHU HQ
FHQWURVPL[WRVGDGRTXHVLHPSUHORVKRPEUHVUHVXOWDQPiVPDVFXOLQRVTXHODVPXMHUHVSRUDVt
GHFLU +R\ HVWH WLSR GH HGXFDFLyQ QR WLHQH \D VHQWLGR HQ HO PXQGR RFFLGHQWDO HO DFFHVR DO
FRQRFLPLHQWR DO GHSRUWH D OD HPXODFLyQ GH WRGR WLSR KD VLGR DELHUWR D ODV PXMHUHV HQ ORV
FHQWURVHGXFDWLYRV\SRUORWDQWRQRVHQHFHVLWDVHSDUDUODVSDUDTXHSXHGDQHMHUFLWDUVHHQXQWLSR
GH DFWLYLGDGHV TXH \D QR OHV HVWiQ YHGDGDV &XDQGR HQ DOJXQRV FDVRV VH HVJULPH HO PHMRU
UHQGLPLHQWRHVFRODUGHODVPXMHUHVHQHVWRVFHQWURVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQPDWHULDVHQODVTXHKDVWD
KDFH SRFR WLHPSR ORV UHVXOWDGRV GH ORV FKLFRV DYHQWDMDEDQ D ORV GH ODV FKLFDV FRPR ODV
PDWHPiWLFDVVXHOHROYLGDUVHTXHVHWUDWDGHHVFXHODVGHPXMHUHVGHFODVHDOWDFRQGRWDFLRQHVGH
QLYHO VXSHULRU D OD PHGLD OD YDULDEOH H[SOLFDWLYD GHO PD\RU p[LWR HV SRU OR WDQWR PX\
SUREDEOHPHQWHODFODVHVRFLDOQRODVHJUHJDFLyQSRUVH[RV6LQHPEDUJRQDGDVHGLFHGHHOOR\HO
p[LWRDSDUHFHFRPRXQDFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVHJUHJDFLyQ
9HDPRV ILQDOPHQWH OD FXHVWLyQ GH OD PD\RU YLROHQFLD TXH WHyULFDPHQWH VH GHVDUUROOD HQ
ORV FHQWURV PL[WRV \ TXH SDUHFH UHPLWLU HQ ORV VHJUHJDGRV 6H WUDWD GH XQ DUJXPHQWR XQ WDQWR
HUUiWLFRSXHVWRTXHHQDOJXQRVFDVRVVHDILUPDTXHHQODVHVFXHODVPL[WDVORVFKLFRVQRSXHGHQ
GHVDUUROODUVXILFLHQWHPHQWHVXDIiQGHFRPSHWLWLYLGDGTXHHQODVHGDGHVHVFRODUHVVXHOHLPSOLFDU
XQFLHUWRJUDGRGHYLROHQFLDItVLFDPLHQWUDVHQRWUDVDUJXPHQWDFLRQHVVHDGXFHTXHORVFHQWURV
VHJUHJDGRVSHUPLWHQGLVPLQXLUODYLROHQFLD$TXtGHQXHYRKD\XQKHFKRVXE\DFHQWHTXHGHEH
VHUPHQFLRQDGRODGLIHUHQWHSHUFHSFLyQTXHFKLFRV\FKLFDVWLHQHQGHODYLROHQFLDHQORVFHQWURV
HGXFDWLYRV 'HWHUPLQDGRV WLSRV GH JHVWRV \ DFWLWXGHV QR VRQ FRQVLGHUDGRV YLROHQWRV SRU ORV
FKLFRVFRQVWLWX\HQGHKHFKRVXIRUPDQRUPDOGHUHODFLRQDUVHFDVLXQMXHJRGDGRTXHORVEHVRV
RDEUD]RVHVWiQFXOWXUDOPHQWHSURVFULWRVSDUDHOORVDOJHQHUDUGHLQPHGLDWRODVRVSHFKDGHSRFD
YLULOLGDGORVPLVPRVJHVWRVVRQOHtGRVHQFDPELRSRUODVFKLFDVFRPRYLROHQWRVODVH[SUHVLRQHV
GHFDPDUDGHUtDRGHFDULxRVXHOHQWRPDUHQWUHHOODVXQDVIRUPDVGLVWLQWDV\ORVJROSHVSDWDGDV
LQVXOWRVSURYRFDFLRQHVVRQLQWHUSUHWDGRVFRPRIRUPDVGHDJUHVLyQQRFRPRH[SUHVLRQHVGHXQ
YtQFXORDIHFWLYR/DVREVHUYDFLRQHVTXHOOHYDPRVDFDERKDFHDxRVGHVGHHOHTXLSRGHO,&(GHOD
8$% DFHUFD GH OD YLROHQFLD HQ ORV FHQWURV HGXFDWLYRV SXVLHURQ GH PDQLILHVWR TXH HO PD\RU
Q~PHUR GH DJUHVLRQHV VH SURGXFHQ GH ORV FKLFRV D ORV FKLFRV HQ VHJXQGR OXJDU \ D EDVWDQWH
GLVWDQFLD QXPpULFD GH ORV FKLFRV D ODV FKLFDV 6LQ HPEDUJR HO PD\RU Q~PHUR GH TXHMDV DO
SURIHVRUDGRSRUHMHPSORQRSURFHGHGHDJUHVLRQHVUHFLELGDVSRUORVFKLFRVVLQRSRUODVFKLFDV
(V GHFLU XQRV PLVPRV JHVWRV WRPDQ XQYDORU GLVWLQWR VHJ~Q HO JpQHUR GH TXLHQHV OR VXIUHQ \
RULJLQDQ WDPELpQ XQD GLVWLQWD UHVSXHVWD HQ HO FDVR GH ORV FKLFRV KDELWXDOPHQWH XQD UHVSXHVWD
YLROHQWDGHOPLVPRWLSRItVLFDRYHUEDOHQHOGHODVFKLFDVXQDUHVSXHVWDYHUEDOTXHSXHGHVHU
XQD DJUHVLyQ R XQD TXHMD SHUR UDUDPHQWH XQD UHVSXHVWD TXH VXSRQJD YLROHQFLD ItVLFD $OJR
VHPHMDQWHRFXUUHHQUHODFLyQDOSURIHVRUDGRGHWHUPLQDGDVDFWLWXGHVVRQLQWHUSUHWDGDVHQPD\RU
PHGLGD FRPR DJUHVLRQHV SRU ODV PDHVWUDV \ SURIHVRUDV TXH SDUWHQ GH FyGLJRV IHPHQLQRV HQ
FXDQWRDODYLROHQFLD\TXHWLHQHQGLILFXOWDGHVSDUDUHVSRQGHUHQHOPLVPRUHJLVWURPLHQWUDVORV
PDHVWURV \ SURIHVRUHV FRQRFHGRUHV GHO FyGLJR PDVFXOLQR VXHOHQ WHQHU PiV PHGLRV SDUD
UHVSRQGHUQHXWUDOL]DQGRHOFDUiFWHUYLROHQWR\ORSHUFLEHQPHQRVFRPRXQDDJUHVLyQ

&XDGHUQRVSDUDOD&RHGXFDFLyQ1,&(8$%

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 154

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

&yPRLQWHUSUHWDUHQWRQFHVODVXSXHVWDGLVPLQXFLyQGHODYLROHQFLD"6yORLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV
VHULDVEDVDGDVHQODREVHUYDFLyQSRGUtDQGDUQRVUHVSXHVWDVFRQFOX\HQWHVVREUHVLVHSURGXFHR
QRHQORVFHQWURVVHJUHJDGRV3XHGHTXHHQHOORVVHHOLPLQHODSXHVWDHQHVFHQDGHOPDFKLWRTXH
SUHVXPHDQWHODVQLxDVSHURSXHGHWDPELpQTXHVHHVWDEOH]FDXQDYLROHQFLDSURIXQGDGHGHVDItR
HQWUHPDFKRVFRPRODTXHSDUHFHKDEHUVLGRKDELWXDOHQPXFKDVHVFXHODVUHOLJLRVDVPDVFXOLQDV
HQHOSDVDGRHLQFOXVRHQODVJUDQGHVHVFXHODVSURGXFWRUDVGHJHQWOHPDQFXDQGRODIRUPDFLyQ
GH HVWRV VXSRQtD HO DSUHQGHU D PDWDU \ D PRULU HQ FDVR QHFHVDULR \ SRU VXSXHVWR D EOLQGDUVH
FRQWUD FXDOTXLHU SRVLEOH DFFHVR GH SLHGDG IUHQWH HO DGYHUVDULR $XQTXH OD YLROHQFLD
LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGD KD GLVPLQXLGR PXFKR HQ (XURSD GHVGH OD VHJXQGD JXHUUD PXQGLDO VH KD
SURGXFLGRDOPLVPRWLHPSRVXH[SRUWDFLyQDRWUDVSDUWHVGHOPXQGR<HQFXDOTXLHUFDVRPL
KLSyWHVLVHVTXHODYLROHQFLDFRPRH[LJHQFLDGHJpQHURPDVFXOLQR\DQRUHVSRQGHDXQDQHFHVLGDG
GH VXSHUYLYHQFLD SHUR VLJXH SURGXFLpQGRVH SRUTXH KD TXHGDGR LQFUXVWDGD FRPR XQD EDVH
MXVWLILFDWLYDGHOSULYLOHJLRPDVFXOLQRVREUHODVPXMHUHV\SRUORWDQWRFRPRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDFHQWUDO
GH OD PDVFXOLQLGDG \ GHO DFFHVR DO SRGHU \ SRU HOOR VLJXH LQFXOFiQGRVH \ UHFODPiQGRVH D ORV
KRPEUHVMyYHQHVDXQFXDQGRVXXVRVHDKR\PiVSHUQLFLRVRTXHEHQHILFLRVRSDUDODVRFLHGDG
8Q~OWLPRDUJXPHQWRXWLOL]DGRHQDOJXQRVFDVRVDOJXQDVLQYHVWLJDGRUDVIHPLQLVWDVFRPR
$QQH0HWH.UXVHKDQH[SHULPHQWDGRODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHXQDSUHQGL]DMHVHSDUDGRSRUJUXSRV
GHQLxRV\QLxDVHQDOJXQRVFDVRV3RUHMHPSORVLVHTXLHUHFRQVWUXLUXQHTXLSRPL[WRGHQLxRV\
QLxDVSDUDMXJDUDI~WEROSUREDEOHPHQWHODVQLxDVQHFHVLWHQXQPD\RUDSUHQGL]DMHSUHYLRSRUTXH
SDUWHQ GH XQ PHQRU FRQRFLPLHQWR GHO MXHJR 3DVDU GH LQPHGLDWR D XQ HTXLSR PL[WR SXHGH VHU
WUDXPiWLFR\JHQHUDUUHFKD]RV\SRUORWDQWRKD\TXHFRPHQ]DUFRQXQHQWUHQDPLHQWRVHSDUDGR
DO PHQRV SDUD HO JUXSR PHQRV SUHSDUDGR SDUD OD DFWLYLGDG TXH VH FRQVLGHUH /R PLVPR VL VH
TXLHUHUHDOL]DUFRQMXQWDPHQWHXQMXHJRFRQODFRPEDRFRQODVJRPDVRXQHMHUFLFLRGHGDQ]D
ORVFKLFRVQHFHVLWDQDSUHQGHUSUHYLDPHQWHSDUDQRTXHGDUHQULGtFXORFRVDTXHVXSRQGUtDTXHVH
QLHJDQ D SDUWLFLSDU (VWRV PRPHQWRV GH DSUHQGL]DMH VHSDUDGR QR WLHQHQ QDGD TXH YHU FRQ OD
HVFXHODVHJUHJDGDODILQDOLGDGHVODSUHSDUDFLyQSUHYLDGHGRVJUXSRVGHVLJXDOHVSDUDTXHOXHJRVH
SXHGD SURFHGHU FRQ PD\RU IDFLOLGDG D OD LQWHJUDFLyQ HQ XQ SURFHVR VLPLODU DO TXH VH SURGXFH
FXDQGR VH WRPD XQ JUXSR GH DOXPQRVDV PiV UHWUDVDGR HQ DOJXQD PDWHULD \ VH WUDEDMD
VHSDUDGDPHQWH FRQ pO D ILQ GH SRQHUOR DO PLVPR QLYHO TXH HO UHVWR GH OD FODVH 7RPDU HVWRV
HMHPSORV FRPR UHSUHVHQWDWLYRV GH ODV YHQWDMDV GH OD HVFXHOD VHJUHJDGD \ DSR\DUVH HQ VX
IHPLQLVPR R PRGHUQLGDG SDUD SURFODPDU VX FDUiFWHU SURJUHVLVWD R DYDQ]DGR HV GH QXHYR
XWLOL]DU SDUFLDOPHQWH XQD H[SHULHQFLD HVFRODU \ OHHUOD GH DFXHUGR FRQ XQDV ILQDOLGDGHV SUHYLDV
GLVWRUVLRQDQGRVXVHQWLGRRVXLQWHQFLyQ


$OJXQDVQRYHODV\SHOtFXODVPRVWUDURQPDJLVWUDOPHQWHKDFHWLHPSRHVWHDOWtVLPRQLYHOGHYLROHQFLDGHORVFHQWURV

HGXFDWLYRVPDVFXOLQRVGHpOLWHGHVWLQDGRVDIRUPDUGLULJHQWHVHFRQyPLFRV\SROtWLFRV\WDPELpQPLOLWDUHVHQXQDV
VRFLHGDGHVWRGDYtDFRORQLDOLVWDVTXHSRGtDQH[LJLUXQDOWRJUDGRGHFUXHOGDGDVXVGLULJHQWHV3RUHMHPSORSHOtFXODV
FRPR ,) R /$6 '(69(1785$6 '(/ -29(1 72(5/(66 IXHURQ FODURV HMHPSORV GH HVWRV GLVWLQJXLGRV
PpWRGRV HGXFDWLYRV +R\ HVWH WLSR GH HGXFDFLyQ SDUHFH DEDQGRQDGR R SRU OR PHQRV QR HV REMHWR GH DWHQFLyQ
S~EOLFDQLFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRXQPRGHORDXQTXHHVSRVLEOHTXHSHUVLVWDHQDOJXQRVFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRVPDVFXOLQRV
HVSHFLDOL]DGRVHQODIRUPDFLyQGHpOLWHV

+HH[SXHVWRDPSOLDPHQWHHVWHSXQWRGHYLVWDHQ&DVWHOOV0\6XELUDWV00XMHUHV\KRPEUHVXQDPRULPSRVLEOH"
$OLDQ]D(G0DGULG

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 155

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

0iVDOOiGHODVGLYHUVDVDUJXPHQWDFLRQHVTXHKHFRPHQWDGRTXpVXJLHUHQORVLQWHQWRVGH
UHJUHVRDXQDHVFXHODVHJUHJDGD"'LFKRHQWpUPLQRVVLQWpWLFRVXQDUHDFFLyQFRQWUDORVDYDQFHV
GHODVPXMHUHV\ORVFDPELRVTXHHOORVKDQJHQHUDGRHQODVRFLHGDG5HDFFLyQTXHYHPRVDSDUHFHU
HQGLVWLQWRViPELWRVHQHVWHPRPHQWRSHURTXHSDUHFHWHQHUHVSHFLDOYLUXOHQFLDHQODVJUDQGHV
UHOLJLRQHV \ HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ OD ,JOHVLD &DWyOLFD \ HQ HO ,VODP $SDUHQWHPHQWH ORV DYDQFHV
LQGLYLGXDOHV \ FROHFWLYRV GH ODV PXMHUHV ORV SHTXHxRV UHWURFHVRV TXH KD H[SHULPHQWDGR HO
SDWULDUFDGRSRQHQHQSHOLJURHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHHVWDVJUDQGHVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVDQGURFpQWULFDV
TXHVRQODVUHOLJLRQHV\HVSRUHOORTXHVXVSRUWDYRFHVVHHVIXHU]DQHQYROYHUDODSOHQLWXGGHO
SDWULDUFDGR \ HO DQGURFHQWULVPR HQ XQ LQWHQWR UHQRYDGR SRU GHWHQHU ORV UHWURFHVRV GH ODV
FUHHQFLDV UHOLJLRVDV \ SRU DILDQ]DUODV  /DV QXHYDV DUJXPHQWDFLRQHV TXH PDQHMDQ DUJXPHQWRV
FLHQWtILFRVPiVRPHQRVFRQWUDVWDGRVQRSXHGHQRFXOWDUWRWDOPHQWHHOFDUiFWHULGHROyJLFRGHHVWD
YLHMDSRVLFLyQTXHDIRUWXQDGDPHQWHYDSHUGLHQGROHJLWLPLGDGDPHGLGDTXHSDVDHOWLHPSR\D
SHVDUGHLQYROXFLRQHVSXQWXDOHVTXHYDQDSDUHFLHQGR

Coeducacin, ms que nunca


+D\ DXQ RWUD UD]yQ TXH QRV SHUPLWH HQWHQGHU HO QRWDEOH HFR TXH HVWH WLSR GH
DUJXPHQWDFLRQHV\GHEDWHVWLHQHHQQXHVWUDVRFLHGDGTXHOHVVLJXHSUHVWDQGRDWHQFLyQFXDQGR\D
OD SUREOHPiWLFD TXH SUHVLGH OD HGXFDFLyQ GH KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV HV RWUD < HV TXH HQ FLHUWD
PDQHUD OD HVFXHOD PL[WD QR KD DFDEDGR GH UHVROYHU ODV FXHVWLRQHV TXH WHQtD SODQWHDGDV +D
SHUPLWLGR XQ JUDQ DYDQFH HQ WpUPLQRV GH DGTXLVLFLyQ GH WtWXORV DFDGpPLFRV SHUR KD GHMDGR D
PHGLDVHOFDPELRFXOWXUDOQHFHVDULRHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQORTXHFRQFLHUQHDODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHORV
VDEHUHV\YDORUHVWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHIHPHQLQRV<SRUORWDQWRKD\DVSHFWRVTXHWRGDYtDUHVXOWDQ
LQFyPRGRVTXHVXJLHUHQPRGLILFDFLRQHV0RGLILFDFLRQHVTXHFRPRHQWRGRVORViPELWRVGHOD
YLGDVRFLDODOJXQRVVHFWRUHVFRQVLGHUDQTXHFRQVLVWHQHQXQUHJUHVRDOSDVDGRVLQFRPSUHQGHU
TXH VL ODV IRUPDV GHO SDVDGR IXHURQ DEDQGRQDGDV HV SRUTXH \D QR FRUUHVSRQGtDQ D ODV
QHFHVLGDGHVVRFLDOHVPiVRPHQRVFRQVFLHQWHV
/DDVLPHWUtDHQWUHODSRVLFLyQGHKRPEUHV\PXMHUHVVHVLJXHPDQWHQLHQGRHQODHVFXHOD
PL[WD(OVDEHUHVFRODUVLJXHWUDQVPLWLHQGREiVLFDPHQWHXQDFXOWXUDDQGURFpQWULFDTXHQRVHKD
WUDQVIRUPDGR VXILFLHQWHPHQWH SDUD GDU FDELGD D ODV DSRUWDFLRQHV ORV YDORUHV \ ODV SUiFWLFDV
FXOWXUDOHV WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH IHPHQLQDV 6L DOJR RFXUUH HQ QXHVWUD FXOWXUD HV TXH VXIULPRV XQ
H[FHVRGHPDVFXOLQLGDGHQWHQGLGDHQVXVHQWLGRPiVDQWLJXRGHYDORUDFLyQGHODFDSDFLGDGGH
YLROHQFLD\ULHVJRPLHQWUDVSDUDOHODPHQWHODVDFWLWXGHVIHPHQLQDVGHHPSDWtD\HQWUHJDVRQFDGD
YH]PHQRVYDORUDGDVQRVyORHQKRPEUHVVLQRLQFOXVRHQPXMHUHV<HVWRQRHVXQDDILUPDFLyQ
DEVWUDFWDQRVHKDFRQVHJXLGRPRGLILFDUORVOLEURVGHWH[WRDSHVDUGHOHVIXHU]RGHDxRVQRVH
KDFRQVHJXLGRLQWURGXFLUDGHFXDGDPHQWHHQORVFXUULFXODORVWHPDVUHODWLYRVDODLJXDOGDGHQWUH

+HH[SXHVWRPiVDPSOLDPHQWHHQRWURVOXJDUHVODVUHLWHUDGDVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHODDFWLWXGPLVyJLQDGHHVWDVGRV

JUDQGHVUHOLJLRQHVODDFULWXGDODTXHSXHGHQOOHJDU\ODVUD]RQHVTXHSDUHFHQJXLDUODV6XELUDWV0&XDQGR

OR SULYDGR HV SROtWLFR \ HV SROtWLFD /D ,9 &RQIHUHQFLD GH 1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH OD PXMHU HQ &RQ GLIHUHQFLD /DV
PXMHUHVIUHQWHDOUHWRGHODDXWRQRPtD%DUFHORQD,FDULD

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 156

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

KRPEUHV \ PXMHUHV \ HO WtPLGR LQWHQWR UHDOL]DGR FRQ OD DVLJQDWXUD GH HGXFDFLyQ SDUD OD
FLXGDGDQtD KD GHVDWDGR XQD EDWDOOD IURQWDO SRU SDUWH GH OD ,JOHVLD \ GHO 33 DEVROXWDPHQWH
H[FHVLYDVLFRQVLGHUDPRVODPRGHUDFLyQGHODSURSXHVWDLQLFLDO\ORVUHFRUWHVSRVWHULRUHV1RVyOR
HQ(VSDxDGHVGHOXHJR0$UQRWKDH[SOLFDGRHQGHWDOOHORTXHKDRFXUULGRHQHO5HLQR8QLGR
FRQODHGXFDFLyQSDUDODFLXGDGDQtD\FRPRORVWHPDVGHLJXDOGDGKDQVLGRROYLGDGRVHQHOOD
1R VH KD FRQVHJXLGR XQ XVR HTXLOLEUDGR GH ORV HVSDFLRV QL GH ORV WLHPSRV QL XQ FDPELR
VXILFLHQWHPHQWHFODURHQHOOHQJXDMH1RVHKDFRQVHJXLGRHQILQHQWUDUDIRQGRHQHODQiOLVLVGH
OD PDVFXOLQLGDG WUDGLFLRQDO WDQ SHUQLFLRVD KR\ SDUD KRPEUHV \ SDUD PXMHUHV \ FRPHQ]DU D
UHFRQVWUXLU XQD IRUPD PRGHUQDGH PDVFXOLQLGDG TXHYD\D DEDQGRQDQGR ORVYLHMRV FiQRQHV GHO
ULHVJRFRPRPHGLGDGHOVHUKRPEUH
7RGRHVWRHVWiSRUKDFHU\VRQODVWDUHDVGHOVLJOR;;,0XFKDV\PXFKRVHQVHxDQWHVVH
DIDQDQ HQ HOOR DXQ FRQ SRFR DSR\R LQVWLWXFLRQDO VREUH WRGR WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD TXH \D OD
OHJLVODFLyQH[LJHPD\RUDWHQFLyQDOWHPDLJXDOLWDULRHQHOiPELWRHGXFDWLYR(VWHHVHOGHEDWHTXH
GHELHUDSODQWHDUVH\GHDTXtWDOYH]VHGHULYDUtDQPRPHQWRVGHVHSDUDFLyQHGXFDWLYDFXDQGRHOOR
IXHUDQHFHVDULRSDUDXQPHMRUDSUHQGL]DMH'LItFLOPHQWHXQDHGXFDFLyQVHJUHJDGDHQODVRFLHGDG
GHOVLJOR;;,KRPEUHV\PXMHUHVFRQYLYHQLQWHQVDPHQWH\QHFHVLWDQHQWHQGHUVHSDUWLUGHXQDV
EDVHV FRPXQHV SDUD QR VHU GHVFRQRFLGRV XQRV SDUD RWUDV \ YLFHYHUVD FRPR VXFHGH DXQ WDQ D
PHQXGR 6L KHPRV URWR SRU ILQ HO YLHMR SDFWR GH REHGLHQFLD GH ODV PXMHUHV ODV FRQYLYHQFLDV
GHEHQ UHSRVDU VREUH FRQVHQVRV \ ORV FRQVHQVRV VyOR VRQ SRVLEOHV HQWUH SHUVRQDV FDSDFHV GH
HQWHQGHUVHPXWXDPHQWH'HWHQHUFyGLJRVHQFRP~QDOJRWDQEiVLFRHQORVSURFHVRVHGXFDWLYRV
<HVWHVHUtDXQGHEDWHSUHFLRVR\QRWHQHUTXHYROYHUDUHPRYHUKLVWRULDVGHOSDVDGRTXH
SDUHFHQHQUHGDUVHHQORVSLHVGHQXHVWUDVRFLHGDGSDUDQRGHMDUODSURJUHVDU\VHUPiVOLEUH\PiV
IHOL]

Bibliografa

'HO $PR 0 &UX]  /D HGXFDFLyQ GH ODV PXMHUHV HQ (VSDxD 'H OD $PLJD D OD 8QLYHUVLGDG HQ
5HYLVWD FXDWULPHVWUDO GHO &RQVHMR (VFRODU GHO (VWDGR 3DUWLFLSDFLyQ (GXFDWLYD Q 
0DGULGMXOLRZZZPHFHVFHVFHVUHYLVWDUHYLVWDSGI
$UQRW0&RHGXFDQGRSDUDXQDFLXGDGDQtDHQLJXDOGDG0DGULG0RUDWD
%DOODUtQ3/DHGXFDFLyQGHODVPXMHUHVHQOD(VSDxDFRQWHPSRUiQHDVLJORV;,;\;;0DGULG
6tQWHVLV


$UQRW0&RHGXFDQGRSDUDXQDFLXGDGDQtDHQLJXDOGDG0DGULG0RUDWD
6XELUDWV0\7RPp$%DORQHVIXHUD5HFRQVWUXLUORVHVSDFLRVGHVGHODFRHGXFDFLyQ%DUFHORQD2FWDHGUR

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 157

Marina Subirats: Coeducacin o escuela segregada? Un viejo y persistente debate [RASE vol. 3, nm. 1: 143-158]

&DOYR&KDUUR0&HUHEUR\HGXFDFLyQODVGLIHUHQFLDVFHUHEUDOHVHQWUHORVVH[RV\VXLPSRUWDQFLDHQHO

DSUHQGL]DMH&yUGRED$OPX]DUD
&DOYR&KDUUR0/RVQLxRVFRQORVQLxRV\ODVQLxDVFRQODVQLxDV&yUGRED$OPX]DUD
&DSHO 5 0 FRRUG  0XMHU \ 6RFLHGDG HQ (VSDxD  0DGULG 0LQLVWHULR GH
&XOWXUD &DSHO 5 0  (O WUDEDMR \ OD HGXFDFLyQ GH OD PXMHU HQ (VSDxD 
0DGULG0LQLVWHULRGH&XOWXUD
&DVWHOOV0\6XELUDWV00XMHUHV\KRPEUHVXQDPRULPSRVLEOH"0DGULG$OLDQ]DHG
5RYLUD 0  (O WUDWDPLHQWR GH OD DJUHVLYLGDG HQ ORV FHQWURV HGXFDWLYRV SURSXHVWD GH DFFLyQ WXWRULDO
&XDGHUQRVSDUDOD&RHGXFDFLyQQ%DUFHORQD,&(8$%
6XELUDWV 0 \ 7RPp $  %DORQHV IXHUD 5HFRQVWUXLU ORV HVSDFLRV GHVGH OD FRHGXFDFLyQ %DUFHORQD
2FWDHGUR
6XELUDWV0&XDQGRORSHUVRQDOHVSROtWLFR\HVSROtWLFDOD,9&RQIHUHQFLDGH1DFLRQHV
8QLGDVVREUHOD0XMHUHQ&RQGLIHUHQFLD/DVPXMHUHVIUHQWHDOUHWRGHODDXWRQRPtD%DUFHORQD
,FDULD












)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQ)HFKDGHHYDOXDFLyQ)HFKDGHSXEOLFDFLyQ

UDVH


Revista de la Asociacin de Sociologa de la Educacin (www.ase.es/rase), vol. 3, nm.1, enero 2010

pg. 158