UNDER REINFORCED BEAM

DEMEC Gauge Reading [at depth of beam (mm)]

Load (Kg)
100 50 0 -50 -100
0 2345 2270 2316 2363 2320
250 2351 2285 2320 2361 2317
500 2360 2286 2319 2356 2302
750 2367 2287 2308 2342 2283
1000 2382 2282 2277 2325 2242
1500 2409 2270 2172 2260 2145
2000 2438 2269 2169 2164 2090
2500 2564 2367 2161 2104 2040
3000 2595 2374 2158 2075 1995
3500 2531 2282 2149 2035 1944

Strain (at the depth of beam) Depth of NA

Load (Kg)
100 50 0 -50 -100 (mm)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 2.96523E-005 -0.000297 -0.000124 7.91E-005 -0.000138 35.29411765
500 7.41308E-005 -0.000292 -0.000128 5.44E-005 -0.000213 51.72413793
750 0.0001087252 -0.000287 -0.000183 -1.5E-005 -0.000306 52.38095238
1000 0.000182856 -0.000311 -0.000336 -9.9E-005 -0.000509 52.85714286
1500 0.0003162915 -0.000371 -0.000855 -0.00042 -0.000988 48.48484848
2000 0.0004596111 -0.000376 -0.00087 -0.000895 -0.00126 53.44827586
2500 0.0010823099 0.000109 -0.000909 -0.001191 -0.001507 83.58778626
3000 0.0012355136 0.000143 -0.000924 -0.001334 -0.00173 83.33333333
3500 0.0009192221 -0.000311 -0.000969 -0.001532 -0.001982 63.37308348

Moment vs Neutral axis de

25

20

15
Moment (kN-m)
10

0
30 40 50 60 70 8

Neutral axis depth (mm)

5

0
30 40 50 60 70 8

Neutral axis depth (mm)

 Dep

Depth
-0.0025 -0.002 -0.0015 -0
Moment Curvature
(kN-m)
0 0
1.4715 8.40149E-007
2.943 1.43320E-006
4.4145 2.07566E-006
5.886 3.45944E-006
8.829 6.52351E-006
11.772 8.59917E-006
14.715 1.29482E-005
17.658 1.48262E-005 Momen
20.601 1.45049E-005 25

20

15
Moment (kN-m)
10

Neutral axis depth 0

0 0.00

60 70 80 90

axis depth (mm)

 60 70 80 90

axis depth (mm)

 Depth vs strain
150

100

50

0
5 -0.002 -0.0015 -0.001 -0.0005 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015
-50

-100

-150

strain

Moment vs Curvature
25

20

15
m)
10

0
0 0.000005 0.00001 0.000015 0.00002
Curvature
 OVER REINFORCED BEAM
DEMEC Gauge Reading [at depth of beam (mm)]
Load (Kg)
100 50 0 -50
0 2037 1985 1980 1989
500 2042 1993 1989 1995
1000 2052 1995 1990 1996
1500 2066 2004 1992 2004
2000 2081 2011 1994 2004
2500 2100 2025 1996 1995
3000 2122 2031 1994 1986
3500 2140 2050 1994 1975
4000 2162 2059 1994 1962
4500 2185 2067 1994 1951
5000 2207 2079 1994 1940
5500 2234 2084 1996 1931
6000 2262 2102 1998 1921
6500 2291 2121 2001 1910
7000 2324 2142 2005 1901
7500 2364 2166 2011 1892
8000 2403 2195 2015 1883

Over reinforced beam

Strain (at the depth of beam)
Load (Kg)
100 50 0 -50
*10^-3 *10^-3 *10^-3 *10^-3
0 0 0 0 0
500 0.0247 0.0396 0.0445 0.0297
1000 0.0742 0.0495 0.0495 0.0346
1500 0.1434 0.0940 0.0594 0.0742
2000 0.2176 0.1286 0.0692 0.0742
2500 0.3116 0.1979 0.0791 0.0297
3000 0.4204 0.2276 0.0692 -0.0148
3500 0.5094 0.3215 0.0692 -0.0692
4000 0.6182 0.3661 0.0692 -0.1335
4500 0.7320 0.4056 0.0692 -0.1879
5000 0.8408 0.4650 0.0692 -0.2423
5500 0.9743 0.4897 0.0791 -0.2868
6000 1.1128 0.5788 0.0890 -0.3362
6500 1.2562 0.6728 0.1039 -0.3906
beam (mm)]
-100
2083 Depth vs
2083
150
2080
2094
100
2095
2075 50
2060
2040 0
-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50
2030
2010 -50
1980
-100
1960
1950 -150
1935
Strain
1930
1925
1920

Moment
orced beam
m) 45
Depth of NA Moment Curvature 40
-100
35
*10^-3 (mm) (kN-m)
30
0 0 0 0
25
0.0000 200.0000 2.9430 0.0124
Moment (KNm) 20
-0.0148 166.6570 5.8860 0.0445
15
0.0544 322.2904 8.8290 0.0445
10
0.0594 275.0357 11.7720 0.0791
5
-0.0396 177.4579 14.7150 0.1756
0
-0.1138 157.3958 17.6580 0.2671 0.00 0.20 0.40
-0.2127 141.0815 20.6010 0.3611
-0.2622 140.4350 23.5440 0.4402
-0.3612 133.9213 26.4870 0.5466
-0.5096 124.5259 29.4300 0.6752
-0.6085 123.1086 32.3730 0.7914
-0.6580 125.6822 35.3160 0.8854
-0.7322 126.3520 38.2590 0.9942
Moment vs N
50

40

30

20

10

0
40

30

20

10

0
100 150 200

Neutral axis de
 Depth vs Strain
500 kg
150 1000 kg
1500 kg
100 2000 kg
2500 kg
50
3000 kg
3500 kg
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 4000 kg
-50 4500 kg
5000 kg
-100 5500 kg
6000 kg
-150 6500 kg
Strain

Moment vs Curvature
45
40
35
30
25
Column H
m) 20
15
10
5
0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

Curvature

Moment vs Neutral axis depth

Column H
 Column H

150 200 250 300 350

Neutral axis depth (mm)

 UNDER-REINFORCED BEAM
DEMEC Gauge Reading [at depth of beam (mm)]
Load (Kg)
100 50 0 -50
0 2086 2082 2102 2094
250 2087 2085 2102 2092
500 2092 2086 2103 2091
750 2098 2087 2092 2068
1000 2110 2085 2079 2043
1500 2133 2083 2050 1990
2000 2145 2082 2040 1972
2500 2163 2082 2020 1948
3000 2179 2080 2008 1918
3500 2195 2080 1994 1887
4000 2213 2080 1971 1846

under- reinforced beam

Strain (at the depth of beam)
Load (Kg)
100 50 0 -50
*10^-3 *10^-3 *10^-3 *10^-3
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
250 0.0049 0.0148 0.0000 -0.0099
500 0.0297 0.0198 0.0049 -0.0148
750 0.0593 0.0247 -0.0495 -0.1285
1000 0.1187 0.0148 -0.1138 -0.2521
1500 0.2324 0.0049 -0.2572 -0.5142
2000 0.2918 0.0000 -0.3067 -0.6032
2500 0.3808 0.0000 -0.4056 -0.7218
3000 0.4599 -0.0099 -0.4649 -0.8702
3500 0.5391 -0.0099 -0.5342 -1.0234
4000 0.6281 -0.0099 -0.6479 -1.2261
of beam (mm)]
-100
2105
2101
2100 Depth vs. St
2066
2030
1951
1925
1900
1851
Depth ( mm)
1810 -2.00 -1.50 -1.00 -0.50
1750

Strain

einforced beam
eam)
-100
Depth of NA Moment Curvature Mom
*10^-3 (mm) (kN-m) 25
0.0000 0 0 0
-0.0198 39.9898 1.4715 0.0124 20
-0.0247 46.9420 2.9430 0.0272
15
-0.1929 47.0464 4.4145 0.1261
-0.3711 48.4721 5.8860 0.2449 Moment (kNm)
10
-0.7619 46.7538 8.8290 0.4972
-0.8905 49.3595 11.7720 0.5912 5
-1.0142 54.5962 14.7150 0.6975
-1.2566 53.5887 17.6580 0.8583 0
0 0.2
-1.4595 53.9468 20.6010 0.9993
-1.7563 52.6837 23.5440 1.1922

Moment
25.00

20.00

15.00
Moment (kNm)
 Moment
25.00

20.00

15.00
Moment (kNm)
10.00

5.00

0.00
20 40
 Depth vs. Strain
150
250 kg
500 kg
100
750 kg
50 1000 kg
1500 kg
0 2000 kg
0 -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00
2500 kg
-50
3000 kg
3500 kg
-100
4000 kg
-150

Strain

Moment vs Curvature
25

20

15
Column H
oment (kNm)
10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Curvature

Moment vs Neutral axis depth

25.00

20.00

15.00
Column H
ment (kNm)
 Moment vs Neutral axis depth
25.00

20.00

15.00
Column H
ment (kNm)
10.00

5.00

0.00
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Neutral axis depth (mm)

 UNDER REINFORCED
Dial Gauge Reading Defl
Load (Kg) Crack width (mm)
Left (L/3) Centre (L/2) Right (L/3) Left (L/3)
0 1822 1183 1832 0
250 1832 1200 1844 0.1
500 1845 1217 1859 0.23
750 1882 1263 1897 0.6
1000 0.100 1937 1290 1953 1.15
1500 2057 1461 2069 2.35
2000 0.125 2133 1551 2148 3.11
2500 2264 1680 2249 4.42
3000 0.150 2341 1779 2349 5.19
3500 2425 1881 2441 6.03
4000 0.200 2609 2180 2620 7.87

Load vs Deflection
5000

4000
Midspan Deflection
3000 Under point load
Load (Kg) Midspan theoretical
2000
1/3 span theoretical
1000

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Deflection (mm)
REINFORCED
Deflection (mm) Theoretical deflections(mm)
Centre (L/2) Right (L/3) Avg at L/3 centre(L/2) L/3
0 0 0 0.0000 0.0000
0.17 0.12 0.11 0.0574 0.0217
0.34 0.27 0.25 0.1149 0.0434
0.8 0.65 0.625 0.1723 0.0651
1.07 1.21 1.18 0.2297 0.0868
2.78 2.37 2.36 0.3446 0.1302
3.68 3.16 3.135 0.4594 0.1736
4.97 4.17 4.295 0.5743 0.2170
5.96 5.17 5.18 0.6891 0.2604
6.98 6.09 6.06 0.8040 0.3037
9.97 7.88 7.875 0.9189 0.3471

Load vs Crack width

3500
3000
span Deflection 2500
der point load 2000
span theoretical Load (Kg) 1500
span theoretical 1000
500
0
0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200

Crack width (mm)

 .2692E+011 0.0433924
.5383E+011 0.0433924
.8075E+011 0.0650886
.0767E+011 0.0867849
.6150E+011 0.1301773
0153E+012 0.1735697
2692E+012 0.2169621
5230E+012 0.2603546
7768E+012 0.303747
0307E+012 0.3471394

ck width

1000 2000 3000

0.150 0.200

m)
 OVER REINFORCED
Dial Gauge Reading Deflection
Load (Kg) Crack width (mm)
Left (L/3) Centre (L/2) Right (L/3) Left (L/3)
1 2 3 1
0 744 2401 786 0
500 772 2447 831 0.28
1000 703 2469 852 -0.41
1500 732 2508 888 -0.12
2000 0.075 843 2561 938 0.99
2500 0.100 830 2614 991 0.86
3000 0.150 879 2669 1144 1.35
3500 0.200 926 2720 1095 1.82
4000 970 2776 1145 2.26
4500 0.225 1011 2835 1196 2.67
5000 1068 2889 1247 3.24
5500 0.250 1128 2959 1307 3.84
6000 1187 3024 1368 4.43
6500 0.300 1240 3092 1430 4.96
7000 1310 3170 1505 5.66
7500 1382 3255 1585 6.38
8000 1475 3360 1687 7.31

Load vs Deflection
10000

8000
Midspan
6000 Under point load
Load (Kg) Midspan Theoretical
4000
1/3 span theoretical
2000

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Deflection (mm)
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Deflection (mm)
VER REINFORCED
Deflection (mm) Theoretical deflection (mm)
Centre (L/2) Right (L/3) Avg at L/3 centre(L/2) L/3
2 3 Avg under load
0 0 0 0.00 0.00
0.46 0.45 0.365 0.1148569 0.04339243
0.68 0.66 0.125 0.229713801 0.08678485
1.07 1.02 0.45 0.344570701 0.13017728
1.6 1.52 1.255 0.459427602 0.1735697
2.13 2.05 1.455 0.574284502 0.21696213
2.68 3.58 2.465 0.689141403 0.26035456
3.19 3.09 2.455 0.803998303 0.30374698
3.75 3.59 2.925 0.918855204 0.34713941
4.34 4.1 3.385 1.033712104 0.39053183
4.88 4.61 3.925 1.148569005 0.43392426
5.58 5.21 4.525 1.263425905 0.47731668
6.23 5.82 5.125 1.378282805 0.52070911
6.91 6.44 5.7 1.493139706 0.56410154
7.69 7.19 6.425 1.607996606 0.60749396
8.54 7.99 7.185 1.722853507 0.65088639
9.59 9.01 8.16 1.837710407 0.69427881

on Load vs Crack width

7000
6000
Midspan
5000
Under point load
Midspan Theoretical 4000 20
Load (Kg) 3000 65
1/3 span theoretical
2000
1000
9
0
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350

Crack width (mm)

 1000
9
0
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350

Crack width (mm)

 253833750000 0.1148569 0.0433924
507667500000 0.2297138 0.0867849
761501250000 0.3445707 0.1301773
.01534E+012 0.4594276 0.1735697
.26917E+012 0.5742845 0.2169621
.52300E+012 0.6891414 0.2603546
.77684E+012 0.8039983 0.303747
.03067E+012 0.9188552 0.3471394
.28450E+012 1.0337121 0.3905318
.53834E+012 1.148569 0.4339243
.79217E+012 1.2634259 0.4773167
.04601E+012 1.3782828 0.5207091
.29984E+012 1.4931397 0.5641015
.55367E+012 1.6079966 0.607494
.80751E+012 1.7228535 0.6508864
.06134E+012 1.8377104 0.6942788

d vs Crack width

2000 2500 3000 3500 4500 5500

6500

00 0.250 0.300 0.350

th (mm)
00 0.250 0.300 0.350

th (mm)