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Fundamental Breach
Considering Non-Conformity
of the Goods
Beiträge zum Internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht
Contributions on International Commercial Law
Band 8
Fundamental Breach
Considering Non-Conformity
of the Goods
Benjamin K. Leisinger
Sellier.
i European Law Publishers
Dissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Rechtswissen-
schaft der Juristischen Fakultät der Universität Basel.
ISBN 978-3-86653-046-1
ISSN 1612-2294
Gestaltung: Sandra Sellier. Herstellung: Karina Hack, München. Druck & Bindung:
AZ Druck, Kempten (Allgäu). Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier.
Printed in Germany.
Preface
Preface V
Index of Cases LI
Introduction 1
C. In Special Circumstances
I. Commodities Trade
1. Background Information
a. Definition 115
b. Contracts under Which Commodities are Traded 116
c. Who Trades Commodities, and the Reasons for it 118
d. Price Fluctuations 120
2. Applicability of the CISG 121
3. Standard to be Applied 122
a. Non-Conformity 122
b. Fundamental Breach 124
aa. Factors Influencing the Applicable Standard 124
bb. The Time Element in Particular 126
cc. Distinguishing with Regard to the Kind
of Non-Conformity 127
α. Quantity 127
αα. Quantity Shortfall 127
ββ. Quantity Surplus 128
β. Quality 130
γ. Packaging 132
4. Means of Incorporation of Stricter Standard in
the Commodity Trade 133
a. Express Agreement to Specific Usages or Standards,
Art 6 CISG 134
b. Usages Agreed to or Practices Established
in the Commodity Trade, Art 9(1) CISG
aa. Commodity Trade Usages the Parties can Agree to 135
bb. Established Practices 137
c. Trade Usages Prevalent in the Commodity Trade 137
aa. Usage is Widely Known and Regularly Observed in
International Trade of Particular Commodity 138
bb. The Parties Ought to Have Known of the Usage 139
5. Conclusion for Commodity Trade 139
Table of Contents XI
D. Compendium
Index 161
Index of Abbreviations
Index of Abbreviations
a.M. am Main
ABA American Bar Association
AFTD American Foreign Trade Definitions
AG Amtsgericht (German District Court)
ALI The American Law Institute
Am. J. Comp. L. American Journal of Comparative Law
(Periodical, USA)
Am. J. Int’l L. American Journal of International Law
(Periodical, USA)
Ariz. J. Int’l & Comp. L. Arizona Journal of International and
Comparative Law (Periodical, USA)
Art(.) Article
GM genetically modified
HGB Handelsgesetzbuch
Index of Abbreviations XV
i.e. id est
ICC International Chamber of Commerce (Paris)
IHR Internationales Handelsrecht
(Periodical, Germany)
INCOTERMS International Rules for the Interpretation of
Trade Terms, ICC, Publ. No. 350
Int’l Bus. L.J. International Business Law Journal/Revue de
Droit des Affaires Internationales
(Periodical, France)
Int’l Law. The International Lawyer (Periodical, USA)
IPRax Praxis des Internationalen Privat und
Verfahrensrechts (Periodical, Germany)
ISO International Organization of Standardization
MA Massachusetts
p./pp. page(s)
Pace Int’l L. Rev. Pace International Law Review
(Periodical, USA)
para(s) paragraph(s)
PECL Principles of European Contract Law
Publ. Publication
Temp. Int’l & Comp. L.J. Temple International and Comparative Law
Journal (Periodical, USA)
v. von
VJ The Vindobona Journal of International
Commercial Law and Arbitration (Periodical,
Austria)
VJIL Virginia Journal of International Law
(Periodical, USA)
Vol. Volume
VUWLR Victoria University of Wellington Law Review
(Periodical, New Zealand)
Bach Christiansen, Lisbeth CISG - what risks does it involve to seller and
how does he secure against them? – a practical
guide, LL. M. Thesis at the University of Cape
Town Lawspace, online at:
<lawspace.law.uct.ac.za:8080/dspace/bitstream/
2165/261/1/ChristiansenL_2005.pdf>
(cited: BACH CHRISTIANSEN)
Bach, Ivo Die beiderseitig verursachte Unmöglichkeit im
Stieber, Christoph CISG, in: IHR 2006, pp. 97-103
(cited: BACH/STIEBER, IHR 2006)
Bainbridge, Stephen Trade Usages in International Sales of Goods:
An Analysis of the 1964 and 1980 Sales Con-
ventions, in: VJIL 1984, pp. 619-665, online at:
<www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/
bainbridge.htm>
(cited: BAINBRIDGE, VJIL 1984)
Bamberger, Heinz G. Kommentar zum Buergerlichen Gesetzbuch,
Roth, Herbert (eds.) 1st ed., Munich 2003
(cited: BAMBERGER/ROTH/author)
Basedow, Juergen Festschrift fuer Ulrich Drobnig zum Siebzigsten
Hopt, Klaus J. Geburtstag, Tuebingen 1998
Kötz, Heinz (eds.)
Basedow, Juergen The UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts and German Law,
online at:
<www.wirtschaftrechts.uni-freiburg.de/gfr/
Bristol/Basedow/basedow.pdf>
(cited: BASEDOW, UNIDROIT Principles)
Beinert, Dieter Wesentliche Vertragsverletzung und Ruecktritt,
Thesis, Bielefeld 1979
(cited: BEINERT)
Benicke, Christoph Zur Vertragsaufhebung nach UN-Kaufrecht bei
Lieferung mangelhafter Ware, in: IPRax 1997,
pp. 326-331
(cited: BENICKE, IPRax 1997)
Berger, Klaus Peter International Arbitral Practice and the
UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts,
in: Am. J. Comp. L. 1998, p. 129 et seq.
(cited: BERGER, Am. J. Comp. L. 1998)
Bernstein, Herbert Understanding the CISG in Europe,
nd
Lookofsky, Joseph 2 ed., London 2003
(cited: BERNSTEIN/LOOKOFSKY, Understanding
the CISG)
Index of Authorities XXI
Del Duca, Louis F. (Problems and Materials on) Sales Under the
Guttman, Egon Uniform Commercial Code and the
Squillante, Alphonse M. Convention on International Sale of Goods,
Cincinnati 1993
(cited: DEL DUCA/GUTTMAN/SQUILLANTE)
XXIV Index of Authorities