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u\ w63  ~3 FGH }!@# %a‚@ +†. &  /6i†
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a‚@ 5LM ("! /67 FGH # ˆ p2 %a‚@ +†. &  hx 12 e!
 rMC /6Q  +6] ba!
%Pl PD ~3 v"] [@P | &)  56:

(Force) :‫• ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬

: 6  ! 789&
;%& ' ( " ) !& ,+ ,- ./0 !1 23" 45
\# . _!`  v"!!M  +‰ Y0 . a! Y0 SG# [! =rM . ?; a@ . a:6 [H
% #6
 /`6] 
0 }@( 8 Xa#
J /\~ Œ\g ~3  &'6"M %
u\ &'6" N] Š:. ‹M W
H
%
u\  [H *0 -
9\g 5LM ,+2  6i &': Y0 rMC /6Q SG# 
@M 9\ga &'" u\ a]Q N( =3−1; &)
&7T . /6Q 12 u\ . &'" R@( 
@M %+D +†. &  o"! &?] +D  56!( &'" 
Y0 &C GH &'"  _†!# … . M" W†!# u\  /67 5LM =A 3−1; &)  * o"!
9\g 5LM ,_(6!y oG +D &?] &?!( oG &'" =W6a:; ~3 &gE] %Œ\gI u\ a]Q
/67 /C(u 
0 %&E: Y0 12 . (u . v]. Ž +6: u  . +D +,-. & 12 &7!
:
5LM /67 Xa#  &Q. +D 7 56# 
0 ,&'" v6- Y0 9\ 12 S6†!# [! &'" Y0
/67 &7
 9:6    &'"  !"( %=B 3−1; &)  * ‚E
( O6: +D

 C 34 OP o.  / OP  G /67 &@M C &@‘ … =Œ\g^ 0; E~ v"]
%&'"] ’a [

15
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

 <" =
> 

 <" = ?@ A  (A)

(B)
3−1 
<B C
&'" Xp o6y  . +2  6i† =_#` -C rM .; &'" rMC . €` ‚! 9\g 6!(
&'" rMC a@ 5!7(P W
H %+D  6i† &'" =fH; f" a@ >'0 W
H 5
9\g &'" 5u ‚! &~8 9\g S %&'" 5u . 
 g l:6] 2 Xp
J
%>@ r =RE  . /C(u; (CP J
v:
!( l\ 6( + 5u 52 s` %
l† ‹*0  -6!
%_0Q Y0 9\g Cu &'" =jE#; >0 Cu *a _. o.

:‫ﺎ‬‫• ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺯ‬

M@ l:6] >0 o. 
0 &'" 9\ f"` (
~6] .; v@ B & &'" 5u &'"a [06
 5u6
C60 t6( =4−1; &? %=&'" M; “"# =@
!. 5 jE# r] B ` `"] =v@ f6.;
%+] ’a =v@ B 5 e‚`;

0 e‚ 1000 5,( +  v@ B ` 5. O@ 
/` -C; † tl: m6!" 
0; :7 Œ€
5u6 %e‚ 5000 6H C6@ GH  +*a ” 5u6 %= 4C o +
( %r] B1 HQ `" [l\( =f6; C6@ jQ 
0
4−1 
[! /67 ti!M =9.81x5000; #6 /67 /`6] Xp &(6•
D 1 5 6
% #6 49050 6H +D jQ  R@!(

16
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

J  ,a( _. o. %49.050Kpa. 49050N/m2 6H f6 jQ 

0 9\g 56(
F7 l\ .

0 &'" jE# }@( %=5−1; e:  N 6H * –g a0  !:] &':  49.050Kpa
B e‚` &M %&':  N(6!" N] (C6@ M" m6!"  ‹E . ,&'" Xp  9\g 7
(  g  !:] 9\g G o" 9\ (• ( %9.81Kpa o"( +  v@
%=5−1; &)  *

1 bar = 14.5 psi

1 bar = 100000 Pa
1bar=100Kpa.
1Pa = 1 N/m2

5−1 
<  !

:‫• ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﳉﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬

%† tl: m6!"  Y0. 12 =e80; B80400 jE#] =+6H; ou| OI| Y0 o6!• R
J
`"] † tl: m6!" 
@M %o6 9\g “"( R tl: m6!" 
0 l\ 6( +6 GH
o"( o6 9\g 5. o. %e‚10331 5,( o6 OI\ jE#] +6 C60 5LM r] B `
%=14.7Pounds/in2; 101.35KPa. . 1.0135X105 Pa
tl: 0 5 GH jE# 7 v"†] R tl:  Ea!z .  o6 9\g 7 —a!˜
*a &7( o6 9\g 5. [
@( GH ou\ OI\ C60 \~ *a † tl: 0 
@E# *aM %†
  o6 9\g C , 
0l!: Y0 TZ( GH ,R tl: 0 
@E#
[! =6−1; &)  ]‚! SI3  o6 9\g TU# `I ( %/ ™. p 
:š!
^` „IT  o6 9\g N] QI@ N#

17
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa


0 %NMl ›6!E f6. A 8  −.
 rE#( + 5LM ,+ R6`  r6#
 f6 h3 f6 &3C
›, +  "
] ` m6!"
FGH  %f6 - A*\ &@E]
6−1  J
("
! o6 9\g 56( 8
E F  "  <=G
%_a3C f6 h3
&?] + R6`  `6!E    r6# 
0 /`  -  ›6!E f6 B 8  −f
f6 h3 o6 9\g 5 ,f6  C6-6 œE  rE#(  + 5LM ,oC60
+6 9\  Y0. 12 jE#^  f6 &3C + }‘ 5 JM  =101.35KPa;
%o6 9\g  }. 6H oG f6 &3C A6†
(6a@   `6!E    +  Ž@ /`  -  ›6!E f6. e:  %C 8 −h
12 _a(@# eT &' &?] f6 r6]; f6 &3C  +6 ž@] Ÿ(E# e# Q 7a\ f6ƒ
 &Q. f6 &3C 9\g ti( %f6 &3C rE#( &'" &@‘ … =oC6@ r6
 9\g 5 ,R68 12 &7!
( 5. ( ^ f6 &3C &'" 5LM XG %o6 9\g
R68 tl: Y0 9|g o6 9\g &@‘ … %f6 h3 o6 9\g  &Q. f6
J
& &(u. p2 `  I! f6 &3C œE 56( Q %f6 &3C + jE# Y0  My
,&! o6- 9\ 12 R@!( f6 h3 &'" 5 „y  GH ,f6 &3C 9\g
[! M" %f6 &3C œE 5u6( “!` f6  Y0. 12 jE#^ 12 /67] &'" }‘ s`
f6 &3C 6i† &'"  +6 9\  ‹E Y0 !@# f6 &3C &'"  @E#(
%f6 h3 o6 9\g

18
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

:‫• ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

0u6 G /67 }!@( _(6!y oG &'" SI3  +2  Ea!  tl: Y0 SG 9\g
%}. `" Y0 /67 Xa# Ž0u *a 9\g &7( %9\g —(@#  >: * ,tl" Xp `" Y0
J
;I': *
] 6i† 9:6 5 (A1>A2) Ea!z rP7 `"]  [!7l
 N( =7−1; &?
`" _ R@!( 9\g GH Q %=A1; tl" `" Y0 ju6# S  Y0 G /67 5LM
J
/\~ `" Y0 la" 5 t~. / `" Y0 9a" 9\g 5. [
@( GH %=A2;\i tl"
&‡ % tl" Y0 la" /67 Xa#  &Q. Ž†~. \i tl" Y0 la" /67 5. o.
:! C@] TI
\! FGH N] QI@
F
P=
A
:52 s`
% #6
 =&P; /`6] /67 :F
%S: (psi) /`6] 9\g :P
7−1 
%r] B =Q; /`6] `" :A
<( H   ! I" <=G9

:5LM A1=0.25m2 5 F1=250N 5 p2

F 250 N
P1 = = = 1000 Pa
A 0.25 m 2
:5LM A2=0.125m2 5 P=1000Pa 5 p2

F2 = P2 × A 2 = 0.125 m 2 × 1000 = 125 N

:J K1
a /67 [ H  %r] B 100 H7 `" Y0 9a"( S:]50 F7 9\
?`" Xa# 
:L
F = P×A
% #6 5000=100 × 50= F

19
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

Z(Pascal’s Law) ÞbØ%bi@æìãbÓ@@3M1M1

9\ 5U] €0 r]" 57  X a Š: 567 ¤!
!" =S:] (I]; ˆ@ —?!
&  &7!
( &'"  6i† 9\g 5. Y0 _6Q ¥
( %
H^ &  ("! m67] TZ( &'"
%+D 5- Y0 (C60 (,] ("!
`" Y0 ("! m67] TZ(
H^
&?] (+2  6 [H %_6Q h!
!:^ S:]   !: [!
C N( =8−1; &?
Q %—i!
 12 &'"] 5+D I($ %&E:  f6U] Nai! 3  }. ™`. lQ ¦6l:.
,I3  + fk!( ^ s†] /\i 6l: Y0 r6( oG =&7; 5u6 5U] S:] ¤!
!:
QI0 Y0
6l: rl7 `" 5. P / 6l: r 5u6!] &'" 9\ Y0 &@( *2
J /\i 6l: &•$ 
@M %5u r (CP
r] B 0.000645 `" Y0 #6 4.5 5,( I7T
&?]
H^ &  &7
( 9\g GH 5LM S:] 56Q v"†] %S:] 6976 F7 9\ 6(
§
J 0.0645 {0Q `" [! / 6l: 12 &7!
( S:] 6976 9\g 5LM XG ,"!
B
J
FGH %/ 100 ŽE0g# /67 5. o % #6 450 5,( / 6l: Y0 =/67; &7 56M @]
J
 &7 W• 6 IM %N!6l: I  &7  †!( [! M" C‘D  !"# 100:1 "

 !: ( %e: 0.0245 M" W†!(  6l:  &7 5LM e: 2.54 /\i 6l:
:M" C‘D ! QI@
F1 F2 (F1 × L1 )
L2 =
F2
:52 s`
L1
%=~6]; B / 6l:  M":L2
L2
%=~6]; B /\i 6l:  M" :L1
%=&P; #6 /\i 6l:  /67 :F1
6.45 cm 2 645 cm 2 %=&P; #6 / 6l:  /67 :F2
8−1 
J R " M  = NOP&
5Q

20
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

:J K1
Y0 /TZ m67 Ž p2 %S:] ]  * f6] N!ai! N!6l:. &( =9−1; &?
:e:] N 6H * * @l7 `" N!6l:
F1=100N,A1=1sqm,
A2=5sqm,L1=10cm
?   †!( [! M" [H *M
:L
9−1  F
P = ∴F = P × A
A
J R " M  = NOP&
P=100/1=100Pa. F=100×5=500N
(F × L1 )
L2 = 1
F2
L=(100x10)/500=2cm

Flow@ZHÕχnÛaI@lbî*ãüa@@4M1M1
[ 
  %Ea!z Œ7 
0 9\g OI!3 v"]  &'" ` 6H >M!
[ &'" rM  !"( u - 0 /0 [H 
 g &@E] ¤!
( /C0 >M!
%f"^ S@ 0k AQ ™ =f"^; >M! A7 5!7(P W
H %!" &?]

Velocity :‫• ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬

0k A7# %6a@ l7 /u‚! &'"
b(,- H

0 W†!# [! l:6! 0k ¨ i7(
e‚` (• &60 eH.  [H 0k %T & B . T & Q & , Y0 M"
`6]
% ( ν) ,]  ,(  
6 N] &'" &7
# [!  Œ6lx

Flow Rate :(‫• ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ )ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ‬

>M! AQ /` ,N@ u  

@ l7 SI3  ( oG &'" e‚` 7 AQ 6H
H
0 [! 0k Cy >M! S@ %7Q  v@ B .   B . (GPM) 7Q  56-
%=/7;
0l!:^ f"` 
0 / ™.
p [ M XG =5u; &7T W†!(

21
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

:‫• ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﰊ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﻄﺮﺏ‬

0k] 7!" v].  f"
( oG &'"
(u6! 7!" Œ6l3  _#b(,- W†!# gE

f"  j6
 GH ,&'" f" F r
%=laminar flow; a: f" “"( &'"
 “C. 6H W!`^ v"] /8  QE 56(

Cu p2 =10−1; &?  * 8 FGH  56(
[C f" “"( 8 GH 0 &'" 0©
56( f"^  j6
 GH %=turbulent flow;

10−1  š!] W!`^ 56#  TZ 6H _M &'"

. C S Q %/8

Energy, Work, and Power@ZñŠ‡ÔÛaë@ÝÌ“Ûaë@òÓbİÛa@@5M1M1

 oUM %   8 &7  "' =
\!; &60 T! UT <T= P
J
oG W† /Q (†!M %_a\?!] 67  val!( 
 GH 5LM ,N@ &\?] 67 ei( [
 }. W† /Q 56# %/  Ql 
 _] 67( oG &\? Y0 !@( 
 &\?!] 67(
%%30 0 &7( ^ *] 
  /  Ql 
  al!( [! /7

(Energy) :‫• ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

Qla S). TIT W

H % J = 1 N.m J F ( " V' W94  T69 < PXTRC #T$ <T= P
%(8 Ql – 8 Ql – 
 Ql :[H

(potential Energy) :‫
ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬

oC6@ F@] Y0 !@# 

 QP _ +‰ o. 5LM XG %Y= H  ?X ZO" <[ 'T <T= P [H
&\) o. SG(  + 5 ;
 QP &( "  u6‚† + S &: Y0 %R tl: ‹6M

22
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

%=static factor; : &0 [H 

 Ql X ea0  %"  ,‚8 Xp  y “!`
" + 9\ v"] 
 QP W
H 5LM =11−1; &?  * 6i &': Y0 /6Q SG# 
0
%7al (8 Ql v"] ¥Q
!# W†! &'"a 
 Ql %=static pressure of the liquid;
J
I\) J %` QP 12 S6†!# 
0 W†! &'"  ¥Q
!# 
 Ql 5. *
>7y W†! &'" p2
%_0M " 9\ga ‚!


11−1 
<  !

(Kinetic Energy) :‫
ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬

y 
0 %}. 8 Ql Ž / 0k Ž *aM %\X]8( % <[ ' TF <T= B #T$
v:
# W†! &'"  8 Ql  8 QP &‡ 7M! 0 0k] h˜ _LM "  +
J
%=velocity pressure; 9\g 0© “"( 8 Ql v"] ¤#
 9\g 0k r] r (CP

(Work Done) :‫ﻐﻞ‬Y‫• ﺍﻟﺸ‬

[H  o.  &\) &@ % [C ^_  5` <a 1 !b !' </OTH  T! T$ :UT
[! M"  &'"  G /67 6H &~8 &\? 5LM XG %>M! &': W
H 56( 5. v‘
%=B% #6; M" /`  /67 [H {` %/67 Xa# _M Ža7!

23
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

(Power) :(‫• ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ )ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬

/7 AQ /` ,< !'H <= P J91 Q ;%1c ( d c+'H UT JT91 #T$ :< PXTRC
& &\) =550 ft lb; Q &P 550 SC@# 5i` /Q ` 5LM XG %(hp) 5i8 [H (@
: /7 C‘D ! C@  !"# ,T
P×R
Power = [hp]
1714
:52 s`
%FI0. C@  a3
`6 &(6• Ž]T :1714
%5i8] /7 :Power
%psi 9\g :P
%7Q  56- >M! S@ :R
J
%Œ6 [H š 
  0l!:^ /` 5U] *a0
1 N.m 1J
1w = =
s s

Heat Energy and Friction :‫• ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ‬

+
T. _ "I tl:] &'" W!` v"] /8 ¤!
# ,/8 v"] 
 Ql [H
S:] 56Q %=dynamic factors; ` &60 [H (8 Ql 8 Ql }!@# %8
N] "
 8 7 6H W!`^ ,W!`^ &6@ !0 &@( ˆ " 9\g r &@!(
 +,- 57M v"( GH ,/` 6( W!`^ 5LM H /'C  &'" W†!( 
0 ,N"-
%(` QP &) Y0 8 Ql
tl: 6?3 12 MDM %_!] e†! ( _LM ,_!u2 ( ^ W!`^ 5.  e|]
( [!     W!`^ C6-6 "' f:. TIT W
H 5(‚a a3
:[H ¨ e†!
J a(6l Œ6lx −
%-
%:
 |
+
^
I~6! /
+
^ −
%/\i Œ6lx  !:  / 0k −

24
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

ZÝöb*Ûa@lì*äßë@ÁÌ›Ûa@óÜÇ@ÚbØnyüa@9qdm@@6M1M1
+2  56!( oG =12−1; &?  * ¨6"
 &'6"  9\g Y0 W!`^ TU# t6!
 * :. v]. „I] ]6 FG¨ 9## [7M. f6U]  0Q  ai! / 6l:.  56
&'" f" +
T. _LM ,B l7
  h˜ 7M ]6 }0 f"
( O6: &'" ,=12−1; &?
:š!  `I 7M f6 }0
v] r]  &'" f6"
  OI!3 W
H
C6- 0 N( =B; l7
 
0 %W!`^ v"]

0 9\g 5LM =` f" `; f"I 7
 Y0. 6H C l7
 
0 9\g %E~ 6H l7
 FGH
l7
 12 &'" f6"
 jE# v"] m3. l7 o.
12−1  W!`^ 5LM B 12 C  &'" f"
( 
@M ,A
 d e X(C ?b3& 12 (  Y0.  9\g RE  Y0 &@(
&'" f6"
 RE   r]!! @( GH %Ei
%D,E,F TI v]  Œ7
 
0

@ZÁÌ›Ûaë@òÇ‹*Ûa@µi@òÓýÈÛa@@7M1M1
;š6] . ›€( =13−1; &?
" 9\g 5. Y0 ¥
( oG
r "0 QI@] \!( &'" =[#!:^;

13−1  9\g 5LM 0k
Cu *a ,0k

f ?" QO1 %&7( "
%A M\  690Pa F7 9\ 6! M QP =A M\; X l7
 
0 /67a =13−1; &? 
&i C  SI3  ( A M\  hx  /67] }‘$ &'" 5LM &E:. 12 X  W• *a
`" SI3  ‡ 5. v‘ &'"  E 5 C  &'"  +
T. (,# 0k %B M\
12 S6†!( A M\  =690Pa.) " 9\g  J+,- 5LM š!] %= ,; ŽQ6 E  /\i

25
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

SI3  &'"  *a %620Pa &‚"( l7

 FGH  9\g 5, 5LM XG ,C   0© QP
690 Pa " 9\g /+Q ?# * >]" @ 12 &7# 0k 5LM B M\ 12 &i C l7


%r QP 12 8 Ql  +,- S6†!(

W!`^  &  \! TU# N( =14−1; &?

RE  =12−1; &)  
] * %@!« 0k

0 Ei 12 C l7
 
0 Q Y0.  9\g
5LM XG 0k CC,# D l7
 
0 %B l7

CC,( E l7
 
0 %&7( 9\g f6"
 m6!"

14−1  8 Ql e@ 5 &'" f6"

 m6!"
<96Xg <h e X(C  ?X ?b3& 
0 %0k RE  v"] 9\g Ql rg¬
< <6-  %0k CC,# f6"
 m6!" ¥7
( F l7


26
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

ñ‡yìÛa@áíìÔm

:< X
iPjH 78 ;1
%XH %a
%9\g %b
%/67 %c
%W!`^ %d
%Ql %e
H7 /67 R@!( oG 6l:  &'" 9\ 56( e e:8 HlQ H 6l:. %2
? #66000
Y0 9\g v"` % #66a1 H7 (C60 /67] e5 FlQ  l:6] u| 9\ e# %3
:!
`6] u\
Pa %a
Psi %b
Bar %c
%f6 jQ 
0 20psi 9\g R@!( oG + C60 jE# v"` %4
%e:6 HlQ 6l:. 0 }@(
­ $ oG _a3 
0 &P 50 H7 /67 R@!( [H  %5
?e:2 HlQ _6l:. 0 }@(
­ $ oG 
 (®  67
 /67 7 

27
 µëþa@ñ†yìÛa

 
 H @M %6
/6Q ŽG] %=15−1; &?
Y0 #6100 H7 F -3
F2 &7 7 6H *M %@M (

FGH v"] @M rM: oG

?/67

15−1 

%15psi 9\g] &': rM >Q  56-10 /67] &': –g uI /7 v"` %7

:¯ [ 

a hx  9\g v"` %8

16−1 

:¯ [ 

a hx 
M" v"` %9

17−1 

28
‫‪òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa‬‬

‫‪ñ‡yìÛa‬‬

‫‪íéÓéÖæ…‚é]
íÛ¿Þù]
l^ÞçÓÚ‬‬
‫ƒ‬
‫)‪(hydraulic systems components‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪ZÒa‡çþa‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ )ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ )ﺍﳌﺆﺍﺯﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻧﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

Hydraulic systems components@ZïØîÛ늇îa@ÝîÌ“nÛa@âbÄã@pbãìØß@ 1-2

)
 
 
         ! "#$
%& '(
3 
!*+! ,+! ,-
! $. /(! 0! 12!
4 5
!*+ "#$
 6
 78 90 :;  
  
!*+ "#$; <=> ?@
 A. AB
:! 
!*+ "#$; 6$; C. 
!*+ DE=
F
 GH.  
N R! KL
M 9 ! F8  NO- -P QD :



 

 −

D

 M! T-.! FU
! 
 M! 
 VEW  %S9 -9
 
!*+ "#$;
3&X.! 0-
]X
 A
( + %^". "C
 ,*C !
ZH& [& ' ! :



 

 −Y
`
"g  R! ,d="- ]e f,* c- NC ,a
B ! `
bc  D
_
FU
! 
 M! FU
 X! ,*d0! , -Z
 c
! hD
 M &e! , Z.
3,E
 ! Aij. k!
12! )
 
l
b
  NC EC- "#$
/(! :






 

 −k
`
 
! ,
!*( (
 !
oA*!
 ,ndL ,FU
m "&  [& X $ A


o$E;m EL !i; E- "C. "j
  [& GX0 
  -
3o .m $*!
 *1p. qK & $*!
 0!
:o1−2m t C,
 h^ ;  r*e sC-
 /
!*+ bc
 N#$ A
3A^L −1
3o'u , $E
m =j
 %
 −2
3]X
 &"R −3
3 t. −4
,Ze ,vw %^
,l-$
m  =. −5
3o .! $*
 ,C.! ix.
3/
!*+ ,C
 −6
1−2 
3 g. %! −7
+
 )
 
* 
&'( " #$%

31
 òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

Reservoir@Zæa©a@ 1-1-2
3& Q_  /
 C,
 h^ ;  U A^L  /
!*( N#$ ?
=y 

:‫• ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻥ‬

:)* ,-.% "/% 01 213
3N#
 bc
?*!z
 /
!*+ ,C=
i!^! A^" "j −

3"j
 & {
 %*0 iD −Y

3| }d! D=X
 i.! h.! h+ Xd- N −k
3)W; 
!*+ ~j
! ]X
! g. l
%&w c −i

3o2−2m t /
!*+ N#
 "& " /
 C,
 $.  i& [& A^L ?€!

2−2 



45 01 216 #$%

32
òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

Specification of tank :‫• ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬

: 

 de. *D&  @W; l A^L "X &

Volume :213 89: −7

:[& A^L H "j!

Power of pump 3 g. %*w !
%*^_ •

3,C=
| ‚"C. %*0 *- ED.! bc
 & {
 %*0 •

=C. ^H
 ƒ„! @b & …
 ,C
 H  ". †w; ‡d
 •
3o/
!*+ ,C
 $^W ,$E; 9m
Using location N A •

time of oil cycle ˆ^
 %*!i 1 •

H *W j  " q,wi 5 Q 3  g.  i!^. ,C
 H NC A
"!
ƒg$ A
l /D
 H0 ŠB U8B 3 C
 
!*+ "#$; 
 5
‰! Y=E. A^L
j.m =. 
!*+ "#$; $^W A
]- 3,C
 )C  Sb
 j
% 15
="j- N
 [& (id"- %*iw A  aOU ,H0! A1
 be 
 5
‰! be
o +
3)W
x j N ?*!z
  5
@
x


frame of tank :213  −;

3h+ XU 
 % gj
 $^L! ,%*0 D
% A jd. $^L AB

:=>5 ?@ A$6 −<

& A2 *w A A
l j8! A; 5
‰! A2 *w njD
 gj- & %j- A A
l
3,C=
)C ndW

:19B CD E$7 −-

%d- 7"C aOU ,5
‰ ŠB U82- F 
 qK & l C
 qK Xd
‚
; r@( N 
3 =&U 9
c- h+ ,h. ,l,c
 XU ="&  5
@
! ˆ^=
GK
*

33
 òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

:,F
@
DG −*
h.! D. l,c
 FU A
".  5
@
ƒ„
 U r{- A^L 8*
*  A
l
`
3 *W

ventilation :
$/ −

%i&  lDC
 @+ 3h=
A^L Œj$ A

l ,C
 )C  Sb

  $1. q 


  *!Ž ˆC

 A! 3 @b
 W & Dj
 U hE_  
 =U F8!
u h&!  <j8!  A /,c_ Tm =. 
!*+ "#$;  C. =b. $^L
3o‡Z_2
ˆ^
 Ze /! w
h.! h+ F GX GZW  =
 c A @+
3[&
A^L  A sbg
 
3i . ˆw
 Dw /
!*+

:‫ﺨﺬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‬‫• ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻ‬

3v*‘ A
l jX. de. A^L
’ d Dw (
%i&
` Td
 @( 
’ A
"‘ 3rD$- A^L ’ ‘ A
l (
’ ŠB =W
 
!*+ VEL Td
3"j
 & A^L `
’ ‡Z_B! A; &"R F U
&! ,A^L
’ ŠB Vbg. ˆ^
 > j- sU 
’ A
" /
!*+ N#=
$X
 G]&
(
3oN]e
’ E-m N#
 & A^L
’ XU A2
3Td  d- ^H.
’ S_ A^L u “d
’  (
3o(TRB) sbg
 $^L
’ 
 ^. ’ "U ed
(
’ m #$ :="j
! DE
- q=j
3•w A^W
’ sbg
8j
’ 
!*+ $^L
’ F” (

34
òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

Oil Filter@ZH#ÜÐÛaI@|’‹¾a 2-1-2

"&
KB! "j
 Z A]g
5
‰! 
!*+ "#$;  %SD –
o3−2m t 7t"=

: A! N#
 ~j
L
3—Zb
 −1
3NB = −2
37t
 „& −3
F 
 Q. ˜QdX. !
7t. ˆ^
 −4
37t. GZW
N& G  #"=
ˆ^
 ™d N]e −5
3bc


3−2 
01 H 5% #$%

Function :‫• ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬

ndš /( 7t. " A
?

!*+ #.  %i . l,c
 XU [&  t. "j
3o4−2m t ,›
 %i1  d=. ~j
 ]0 GD  ŠB P=. r@(

4−2 
H 5
D
I

35
 òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

Reasons of oils dirty :‫• ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬

:qK & /
!*+ ,C
 = €

*c
 ,N =
 Ew ,*Db
 ,
 ,Aj. - qK & *DW = GZW /,- =
 (
3j$. i ,œ!; ,A(
 , w

Dj ,A^L ! j$. qK & W ž bc
 hP
›
 & {
 œ!;- =
 (
3KL GD ,~j
 ƒ„ ,/
!*+ ,C
 Sb !

`
i!i Ÿ d$ /
=
  p ŠB k $!  t.   `
de NC$ A
?*!z
  5
@

37t.
3o jX. ¡
 Dw  iXw  t"- %i& "#$; i!^m

!*+ ~j
  %i . l,c=
<C ) [& SD c- ^ 7t. ˆD9! *W
:[& ƒw 7t. *W! C.
nomination degree :H
J
> - −7

:¢- ‡d
 lC 7t
 *i ŠB *c ,o!m µm œ!; ^ vw 
:
 H 5
K- −
37t. x& *!. [& *iw h?^ x
ŠB Sc

:

LM H 5
K- −
3 %& *!. & /" l9
 vw ‰ ^£ ^H€

:)LM ? 89: −

3¤! sE¥ lC —j. s
 7t. l9
 H0 /E
 v


:
 β

 −;
’ W & F8! iu
^£ i& ŠB 7t. ’ Ew  x
Ew + /
 ^£ DC$ ŠB Sc
’ ƒ=W D.
37t.

36
òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

3 -=E. 7t
  *i! /
!*+ N#
 6$ 78 o1−2m G!£!

1−2 N>

DP
 O H
J #> -
H
J
> -
X µm
$ )
 
 " R$
βx = 100 Q
:

1−2 ¦& )C ŸW;-! w
 P=.  TC 
 
& "#$; ]0
3 x. —!#
 !
$SE
  •
c- NC wP
 
2−5 `
 S9 ¦j
 sbg
 GR  "#$§
GjU! vC #! sD8
3bc
 M ,-
 ,$SE
  NC
5−10 "& sE¥! ,%SD bc wP! , d=. &X
 
!*+ "#$;
3 id
 ~j
 
 L
10−20 3s sb8! H ,  .! j
 
!*+ "#$;
15−25 3i!u W "& + /
 5= !
=9
 &X
! "#$;
20−40 3ƒ9
 "j
 F nd. sbg
 "#$

Kind of filters :‫• ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ‬

3l
 A lC  t.  6$

!*+ "#$; [& l
:=>5 H 5% −7
3%ij
 sW [& D  ž ˆ^
 A^W [& % D F 
 ˆ^
- eL  t. l
H > A
" /
 %SD
 F 
 sbg
 w N! ž - ˆ"X A A
l —Zb
U
N]e qK & A^L ŠB % D ˆ^
 sW > %i&B & !
]X
  %SD
  d.  d=

^ F 
 qU
  © ‰B! 7t. x& " A
l 
- F 
 qU! 3 
& &¨ !‰ /&U
’ 3o/&d
 *
 m /,^£ qU
 *
7t N " <$OU ,Nj
 sL 
F 
  t AB
3F * 7t. %^". 
 ¢D o2−2m G!£! ¦j
 sbg
  t  "
- ŸW*
A

37
 òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

2−2 N>
=>5 H 5 ,1
 8


% ,1
 8

bc
 sb8 420 L/min Q
%*^b
 ol-$; m 3900 L/min Q oA^L   t.m 1300 L/min Q
7t
 *i 10-25 µm

∆p sbg
 Sb 37t
 „& "X [& "j! 70 bar Q

 6
 @(  3Zd=
$X
 h 2! dw
 lH
!i^. F 
  t NC w!
$OU
’ ª9
 =d
 [& "j=
N#$ GD$ &! W F –
?1
 [& A=U l "X

3"j
 & N#
 ƒw
0 A!i =.
’ G!; =d
 GD FEC$

5−2 
S.
K H
5( ,:

Flowing filter :?@ H 5% − ;

,C
 l C- g. N 5
@
H$! , g"=
l C
 sW &  t. r@( F8! 
` A^L  /
!*+
3N#
 ŠB 7t. ˆ^
 sU X ž 7t.- *
:/( l C
 7t. %^". + 
!
60 − 100 µm  7t
 *i
3U /
!*+ ,C
 U#$ A]8 "  /
 "#$;  f,* c-  t. r@( NC!

38
òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

30,06 30,1 MM ^£ 9 7t
  gd  *i ?D! g"=
« iR 

VD+ H$ g. "& YE8 ŠB ?ip /U 5
‰ ŠB U82- 7t. x& *!. [& %*iw QD

, wi ~j-  t. r@( i!^ 
l 5
@
H$ 37t. = *i %i1 !
sbg
  SD

c ! N&  q $ A
=& 5
@
3›
 ŠB i 4 g. E- ii^ d
 A;
3 &U ]X- l C
  t i!^ ž W. &

6−2 
)F5T +6 =% ?@L H 5%

Pressure filter :+&U #@ 5% −<

l,c=
TC  ž ^H
 Dw /
!*+ N#=
sbg
 sW [&  t. r@( l
Œj  t. r@( A
]-! 3r{-  
 ]e !
]X
 Dw , g"=
sbg
 @d 9
?  
&U ]e ?> 
/(! ¢ "X ‰ A A
l /"#&; bc
 sbg

3=
 ƒt [&
3?1== !
A
…C$ 3ªj …C$ 9 kC. ¬]
  w* DK   t. r@( ƒ
­
3N#
 bc *DW 
! ƒ#
 ="& 
 D A /
! %U.  t. r@(

:


 #@ 5% −-
!
Vbg …C$   t. r@( FX
!
,k 1 , $
,1
= DE
 ij
7,de [& ?> ]-* !
, $j —

%SD j +  t. r@(3 =W

7−2  37t. 7E Td$ x& l,c
 vD


L
V H 5%

39
 òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

7E [& X $ A
"
0 r@( ! 37t. %i  /"H$ c- K %i&  t"=
A
` Sbe H !‰ 7t"=
SD
7t
 *i! ,7t. %i qK & &
 dX
 > ! 
3N $B!

Reagent of dirty oil :01 O W$ X Y −*

7t. = ) vw  ž ,=
  p qK & 7t. 
jU ) Ÿ d$ A
. 
[& sbg
 @( Pp! ,7t. Dw sbg
 Fd =
 ii^ & 5
@
3sbg
 VD( *"-
3n-- " . TD.
`
A
B d=. *®2 ‡K  i&   ž 3n-
 8 TD. FU sbg
 ii^ &!
3 ,- Ze! qK & /,- !
?„-  p ŠB 0 r@( G> !
, TD.  A

8−2 
W$ Z[% W$( X Y

40
òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

Operation unit cylinders ZHòîØîÛ늇îa@pbãaìİ,þaI@òÜßbÈÛa@ñ‡yìÛa 2-2


 /(! 3 $ wK ŠB 
!*+ wE
 G> ž ,%i
 ~&  $E; j
3  =
-
 TD. 7E [& sbg
 GZW  EL 0

Type of cylinders@ZÊaìãþa 1-2-2

3$.! "j
 K  ƒ=š! ,9
! i; AC,* A&$ $E§

Single type :‫ﺃ( ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬

qDE " 6
 @( !

sU ! r{  ,C
 sb8
r{  0 
 H
!
%ij
 Vt € 3sU !

\S R ] ^ −5 \-LM ?$ −1 !

 *W %w qK & TD"=

\S R ]
.% −6 \_T ?$ −2 h^ ;  A! 6 * n-$
\% −7 \S R ] −3
3o9−2m c
  ]
\
$LM 
* −4
9−2 
`ab
-:7


 
 #$L #$%

r@( %i& ! ,TD. 7E  [& /
!*+ ,C
 sbg ž ,! @d $E; r@+!
3n-$ qK & !
 *W %w qK & B $E;

3  *W %w E- %i& ,SP­
 i

$E
−

3 g-$ %i& F SP­
 i

$E
−

3SP­
 i
-C= $E
−

10−2 
`ab
-:7 #$L7

41
 òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

11−2  dual effect cylinder :‫ﺏ( ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬

\S% −1
S R ] −2
\S R ] ^ −3
\)D3 S HL −4
\S HL −5

11−2 
`ab

4a


 
 #$L #$%

^* GZW  ™Z$ A
"! 3/
!*+ ,C
- TD. /D$ 
!^
@d $E; r@+!
3/=0 TD. 7E C  x
TD. 7E C A
id. 6*@
 ‰ SP­
 ,P $E;
¢UE
 [& !C C. A
¢D ¢UE
  @U
 6*@
 ‰ $E; ^* AOU ,Tj
 [&!
3o ^ $E
m
ŠB —g ž ,SP­
 ,P $E; ¢-! - ‡d
 =8d
 $E; ^*  ^"$ A
"!
32:1 C. DC$ A!3TD. 6*‰ a  AEW =8d
 $E;
3njD
 gj- Wi &8 T-"- SP­
 ,P -C=
 $E§
^!
3EC"- $E;  "
 TD ŠB ^ Vc
 a  "š F SP­
 ,P $E;
 !

3id. 6*@
 ‰ SP­
 ,P $E

−

3o =8d $E
m ¢UE
  @U
 6*@
 ‰ SP­
 ,P $E
−

3SP­
 ,P -C= $E

−

3Vc
 a  id "š F SP­
 ,P $E

−

3Vc
 a  k!i^ "š F SP­
 ,P $E

−

3oSj=
=-wm Vc
 a  k!i^ "š F SP­
 ,P $E

−

12−2 
`ab

4a #$L7

42
òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

Principle of operation method of cylinder@ZòîØîÛ늇îa@òãaìİ,þa@ÝàÇ@òÔí‹  2-2-2

3="& K  ,9
 !

i; $E; ^:‘

Single type:‫ﺃ( ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ‬

:c 7 dT 13−2 
-: #$L .(

¯
[& sbg
 Fd o« !
A1!m =-. %
 lDC-! ,TD. 7E r{- /
!*+ ,C
 qU
° U 
 $ '° 
- TD.
D o"0 !
A1
 %wm =-. %
 [& l=b
 ° /
 # =
 ! 3TD.
3 $E§
; 

° N]e
> ¯ ŠB V- YD$
qK & ˆ^
 A^- =X
¯ TD. C A %ij
 Vt hP
!
Vt  A
"!
‘ 3N]X
 `
¯ @( E- =b ¯
o g. F Ge.m sbg
 sW A ]- r{-
¯ o"0 )wm )
 r@(! ,"0 A1! E- !
n-$ E- ±Wi « qK & %ij

[& l=b
²  $ /
!*+ ,C
 FU! ]X
!
3%ij
 sW ¯ VEL! $E;  ' )w

13−2 
)
 
* S% – `ab
-:7


 
*
$L7

43
 òîãbrÛa@ñ†yìÛa

:efY `ab
-:7


 
 #$L ?Y5(
h i 27 gi
%ij
 Vt @d " & :j-$F ?
Y5( •
3o X.
¯ FU
 !K 9m  *W )w SP­-
3o14−2m t
i

!*+ $E§
:)T7 ?
Y5( •

14−2  3 g-
 %ij
 ‰ SP­


C% =T
Y


 
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o50−2m t :‫ﺃ( ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺩﻭﻥ‬
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:‫ﺎ‬‫* ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻼ‬

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1Pascal = 1Pa = 1 2
= 10 −5 bar
m
Pa bar mbar Torr at

1 Pa = 1 N/m2 1 10-5 10-2 7.5 × 10-3 1.02 × 10-5

1 bar = 10 N/cm2 105 1 102 750 1.02

1 mbar = 1 N/dm2 100 10-3 1 0.75 1.02 × 10-3

1 Torr = 1 mm Hg 1.33 × 102 1.33 × 10-3 1.33 1 1.36 × 10-3

1 at = 1 kp/cm2 0.981 × 105 0.981 0.981 × 103 736 1

:N%
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5000000
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81
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1. Basic Principals & Components of Fluid Technology, H. E xnor

Mannesman 1991.

2. Hydraulics, headquarters, department of the army, published 31murch

1997, USA of Army.

3. Fluid Power, prepared by MMC Albert Beasley, Jr. 1990. NAVAL

EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER.

4. Practical Hydraulic Systems, Elsevier (2005), Publisher: Elsevier Science

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Paresh Girdhar BEng (Mech. Eng), Girdhar and Associates published
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