Bernd-Christian Otto

Magie

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 Religionsgeschichtliche
Versuche und Vorarbeiten

Herausgegeben von
Jörg Rüpke und Christoph Uehlinger

Band 57

De Gruyter

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 Bernd-Christian Otto

Magie
Rezeptions- und diskursgeschichtliche Analysen
von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit

De Gruyter

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 ISBN 978-3-11-025420-4
e-ISBN 978-3-11-025421-1
ISSN 0939-2580

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Otto, Bernd-Christian.
Magie : rezeptions- und diskursgeschichtliche Analysen von der
Antike bis zur Neuzeit / Bernd-Christian Otto.
p. cm. ⫺ (Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten,
ISSN 0939-2580 ; Bd. 57)
Revision of the author’s thesis (doctoral) ⫺ Heidelberg, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-3-11-025420-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Magic ⫺ History. I. Title.
BF1589.O88 2011
133.41309⫺dc22
2011010571

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek

Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen
Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet
über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.

© 2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/New York

Druck: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen
⬁ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier
Printed in Germany
www.degruyter.com

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 ˜› ˜›ȱ

’ŽȱŸ˜›•’ŽŽ—Žȱ›‹Ž’ȱœŽ••ȱŽ’—Žȱû‹Ž›Š›‹Ž’ŽŽȱŠœœž—ȱ–Ž’—Ž›ȱ’œœŽ›Š’Ȭ
˜—œœŒ‘›’ȱŠ›ǰȱ’Žȱ’–ȱŽ™Ž–‹Ž›ȱŘŖŖşȱŠ—ȱŽ›ȱ‘’•˜œ˜™‘’œŒ‘Ž—ȱŠ”ž•§ȱŽ›ȱ
ž™›ŽŒ‘Ȭ Š›•œȬ—’ŸŽ›œ’§ȱ
Ž’Ž•‹Ž›ȱ£ž›ȱ›•Š—ž—ȱŽ›ȱ˜”˜› û›Žȱ’–ȱ
ŠŒ‘ȱŽ•’’˜—œ ’œœŽ—œŒ‘ŠȱŽ’—Ž›Ž’Œ‘ȱ ž›ŽǯȱŽ’—ȱ›˜đŽ›ȱŠ—”ȱ’•ȱ›˜ǯȱ
›ǯȱ ›Ž˜›ȱ‘—ǰȱŽ›ȱ–’Œ‘ȱ£žȱ’ŽœŽ›ȱ›‹Ž’ȱŽ›–ž’Žǰȱ’ŽœŽȱû‹Ž›ȱŠ‘›Žȱ‘’—Ȭ
 Žȱ ‹Ž•Ž’ŽŽȱ ž—ȱ ’—ȱ £Š‘•›Ž’Œ‘Ž—ȱ Žœ™›§Œ‘Ž—ȱ Š‹Ž’ȱ ‘Š•ǰȱ ’Žȱ Ž’Ž—û–•’Ȭ
Œ‘Žȱ ›˜‹•Ž–Š’”ȱ Žœȱ Š’Ž‹Ž›’œȱ £žȱ Ž— ’››Ž—ǯȱ žŒ‘ȱ ›˜ǯȱ ›ǯȱ ’Œ‘ŠŽ•ȱ
Šžœ‹Ž›ǰȱ Ž›ȱ ›Žž—•’Œ‘Ž› Ž’œŽȱ Šœȱ  Ž’žŠŒ‘Ž—ȱ û‹Ž›—Š‘–ȱ ž—ȱ ‹ŽȬ
œ˜—Ž›œȱ ’—ȱ –Ž‘˜’œŒ‘Ž›ȱ
’—œ’Œ‘ȱ  Ž›Ÿ˜••Žȱ —›Žž—Ž—ȱ ‹Ž’œŽžŽ›Žǰȱ ŽȬ
‹û‘›ȱ–Ž’—ȱŠ—”ǯȱ˜—ȱŽ—ȱŸ’Ž•Ž—ȱ›žŒ‘‹Š›Ž—ȱ ˜—Š”Ž—ǰȱ’Žȱœ’Œ‘ȱ’–ȱžŽȱ
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㕔ǰȱ ˜Œ”žȱŸ˜—ȱžŒ”›Šǰȱ’Šȱ˜•–Ž›ȱž—ȱ
ž‹Ž›ȱ˜ŽŽ›ȱ‘Ž›ŠžœŽ›’Ȭ
Ž—ǰȱ Ž—Ž—ȱ Š—ȱ ’ŽœŽ›ȱ Ž••Žȱ û›ȱ ’‘›Žȱ —Ž›œû£ž—ȱ ŽŠ—”ȱ œŽ’ǯȱ Ž—ȱ
Ž›Ȭ
ŠžœŽ‹Ž›—ȱ㛐ȱû™”Žȱž—ȱ‘›’œ˜™‘ȱŽ‘•’—Ž›ȱ‹’—ȱ’Œ‘ȱ—’Œ‘ȱ—ž›ȱ£žȱŠ—”ȱ
û›ȱ ’Žȱ ž—Š‘–Žȱ Ž›ȱ ›‹Ž’ȱ ’—ȱ ’Žȱ Ž’‘Žȱ ǮŽ•’’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Žȱ Ž›œžȬ
Œ‘Žȱ ž—ȱ ˜›Š›‹Ž’Ž—ȃȱ ŸŽ›™•’Œ‘Žǰȱ œ˜—Ž›—ȱ Ÿ˜›ȱ Š••Ž–ȱ û›ȱ ’‘›Žȱ  Ž›Ÿ˜••Ž—ȱ

’— Ž’œŽȱ £ž›ȱ ’—Š•Ž—ȱ t‹Ž›Š›‹Ž’ž—ȱ ž—ȱ ›Šž—ȱ Žœȱ Š—žœ”›’™œǯȱ —ȱ

’ŽœŽ–ȱ žœŠ––Ž—‘Š—ȱ œŽ’Ž—ȱ ŠžŒ‘ȱ •‹›ŽŒ‘ȱ 㑗Ž›ȱ ž—ȱ Š‹’—Šȱ
Š‹›˜ œ”’ȱŸ˜–ȱŽ›•ŠȱŽȱ ›ž¢Ž›ȱŽ—Š——ǰȱ’Žȱœ’Œ‘ȱž–ȱ’ŽȱŽ›Žžž—ȱŽ›ȱ
›žŒ”•Žž—ȱŽ”û––Ž›ȱ‘Š‹Ž—ǯȱ
‹œŒ‘•’ŽđŽ—ȱŽ‘ȱŽ’—ȱ‹Žœ˜—Ž›Ž›ȱŠ—”ȱŠ—ȱ–Ž’—ŽȱŠ–’•’Žǰȱ’—œ‹Žœ˜—ŽȬ
›Žȱ Š—ȱ –Ž’—Žȱ ›Šžȱ Ž™‘Š—’Žǰȱ ˜‘—Žȱ ’Žȱ ’Žȱ Ÿ˜›•’ŽŽ—Žȱ —Ž›œžŒ‘ž—ȱ ’—ȱ
Ÿ’Ž•Ž›•Ž’ȱ
’—œ’Œ‘ȱ —’Œ‘ȱ ›ŽŠ•’œ’Ž›‹Š›ȱ Ž ŽœŽ—ȱ  §›Žǯȱ ‘›ȱ –㌑Žȱ ’Œ‘ȱ ’ŽœŽœȱ
žŒ‘ȱ ’–Ž—ǯȱ

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 —‘Š•œŸŽ›£Ž’Œ‘—’œȱ

˜› ˜›ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ
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ŗǯ ’—•Ž’ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ŗȱ
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ŗǯŗǯȱȱ ŽŽ—œŠ—ȱž—ȱ›˜‹•Ž–œŽ••ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ŗȱ
ŗǯŘǯȱȱ Ž›ȱŠ’Ž‹Ž›’ȱ£ ’œŒ‘Ž—ȱŽ›’œȬǰȱŽ£Ž™’˜—œȬȱž—ȱ
ȱ ’œ”ž›œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ŝȱ
ŗǯŘǯŗǯȱȱ ›’’œŒ‘ŽȱŽ–Ž›”ž—Ž—ȱ£ž–ȱ‹Ž›’œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž—ȱ—œŠ£ȱȱǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ şȱ
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ŗǯŘǯřǯȱȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žȱž—ȱ’œ”ž›œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘Žǻ—Ǽȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŗśȱ
ŗǯřǯȱȱ Š’Žȱž—ȱŽ•’’˜—ȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŘŞȱ
ŗǯŚǯȱȱ ž›ȱ Š™’Ž•œ›ž”ž›ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ řŘȱ
ŗǯśǯȱȱ ˜›–Š•Žȱ
’— Ž’œŽȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ řřȱ
ȱ

Ž’•ȱDZȱŽ›ȱŠ”ŠŽ–’œŒ‘ŽȱŠ’Ž’œ”ž›œȱ
ȱ
Ž›ȱŠ”ŠŽ–’œŒ‘ŽȱŠ’Ž’œ”ž›œDZȱ’—û‘›ž—ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ řşȱ
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Řǯ ’Žȱ’œ”ž›œ‹Ž›û—Ž›ȱȮȱŠ–Žœȱ Ž˜›Žȱ›Š£Ž›ȱž—ȱȱ
ȱ ŠŸ’ȱ1–’•Žȱž›”‘Ž’–ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ Śśȱ
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Řǯŗǯȱȱ Š–Žœȱ Ž˜›Žȱ›Š£Ž›ȱȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ Śśȱ
ŘǯŘǯȱȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Žȱ’—˜›—ž—ȱ›Š£Ž›œȱȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ śŗȱ
Řǯřǯȱȱ ŠŸ’ȱ1–’•Žȱž›”‘Ž’–ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŜŖȱ
ŘǯŚǯȱȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Žȱ’—˜›—ž—ȱž›”‘Ž’–œȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŜŜȱ
Řǯśǯȱȱ Ž’Ž›û‘›Ž—Žȱt‹Ž›•Žž—Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ Ŝşȱ
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řǯ Ž›ȱŽ›Š••ȱŽ›ȱ ŠŽ˜›’ŽDZȱŠ’Žȱž—ȱŽ•’’˜—ȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŝŝȱ
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řǯŗǯȱȱ Ž›ȱŽ‘•Ž—Žȱ ˜—œŽ—œȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŝŞȱ
řǯŗǯŗǯȱȱ ’—ȱ¢—‘ŽœŽŸŽ›œžŒ‘DZȱ›˜—’œ•ŠŸȱŠ•’—˜ œ”’ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŝŞȱ
řǯŗǯŘǯȱȱ Ž›ȱ˜™˜œȱŽœȱ–Š’œŒ‘Ȭ›Ž•’’㜎—ȱ ˜—’—žž–œȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ Şřȱ
řǯŘǯȱȱ ’Žȱ£ž—Ž‘–Ž—ŽȱŠ•œ’’”Š’˜—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ Şŝȱ
řǯŘǯŗǯȱȱ ••Ž–Ž’—‹Ž›’Žȱž—ȱ’—£Ž•‹Ž˜‹ŠŒ‘ž—Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ Şŝȱ

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ȱ —‘Š•œŸŽ›£Ž’Œ‘—’œȱ

řǯŘǯŘǯȱȱ ’ŽȱŠ•œ’’”Š’˜—ȱž›Œ‘ȱ‘Ž˜›’Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ ŞŞȱ

řǯŘǯřǯȱȱ ’ŽȱŠ•œ’’”Š’˜—ȱž›Œ‘ȱ ŽŽ—œ§—Žȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ şŖȱ
řǯŘǯŚǯȱȱ ŽžŽ›ŽȱŽ’—’’˜—Ž—ȱž—ȱŠœȱ›˜‹•Ž–ȱŽœȱ
ȱ ŽŽžž—œû‹Ž›œŒ‘žœœŽœȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ şŜȱ
řǯřǯȱȱ Ž›ȱŠ’Ž‹Ž›’ȱŠ•œȱ‘—˜£Ž—›’œ–žœȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱȱ ȱ şŞȱ
řǯřǯŗǯȱȱ ‘—˜£Ž—›’œ–Ž—ȱŠ•œȱ‘Š›Š”Ž›’œ’”ž–ȱŸ˜—ȱ
ȱ ž•ž›”˜—Š”Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŗŖŖȱ
řǯřǯŘǯȱȱ ‘—˜£Ž—›’œ–Ž—ȱ’—ȱŽ›ȱ’—Ž›”ž•ž›Ž••Ž—ȱ
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ŜǯŚǯŗǯȱȱ Ž›ȱ Š›Ž—ȱ’Žȱ–¤˜’ǵ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŗŝşȱ
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ŜǯŚǯŚǯȱȱ Ž—œŒ‘Ž—ȱ–’ȱû‹Ž›–Ž—œŒ‘•’Œ‘Ž—ȱ§‘’”Ž’Ž—ȱŠ•œȱ—ŽžŽ›ȱ
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ŝǯ ™ž•Ž’žœȱŸ˜—ȱŠŠž›Šȱž—ȱ’Žȱ›ã–’œŒ‘Ȭ•ŠŽ’—’œŒ‘Žȱȱ
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ŝǯŗǯȱȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ ˜—Ž¡DZȱž›ȱ›ã–’œŒ‘Ȭȱ
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ŝǯŗǯŗǯȱȱ •’—’žœȱŽ›ȱ •Ž›Žȱž—ȱ’Žȱ
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ŝǯŘǯřǯȱȱ Šœȱ’œȱŽ’—ȱ–Šžœǵ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŘŚŗȱ
ŝǯŘǯŚǯȱȱ ™ž•Ž’žœȇȱŽ”˜—œ›ž”’˜—ȱŸ˜—ȱ–Š’ŠȱŠ•œȱŽœŠ—Ž’•ȱœŽ’—Ž›ȱ
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ŝǯŘǯŚǯŗǯȱ Ž›ȱ’œŒ‘ŽȬ˜› ž›ȱȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŘŚŜȱ
ŝǯŘǯŚǯŘǯȱ Ž›ȱ˜› ž›ȱŽœȱŠ••Ž—Ž—ȱ —Š‹Ž—ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŘśŖȱ
ŝǯŘǯŚǯřǯȱ Ž›ȱŽ’—žŒ‘Ȭ˜› ž›ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ Řśŝȱ
ŝǯŘǯśǯȱȱ Š£’ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŘŜŗȱ
ŝǯřǯȱȱ Ž’Ž›û‘›Ž—Žȱt‹Ž›•Žž—Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŘŜŚȱ
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Şǯ žžœ’—žœȱŸ˜—ȱ
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Şǯŗǯȱȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ ˜—Ž¡DZȱž›ȱ›û‘Œ‘›’œ•’Œ‘Ž—ȱ
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Şǯŗǯŗǯȱȱ ž›ȱ‹’‹•’œŒ‘Ž—ȱŽ›–’—˜•˜’Žȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ Řŝŝȱ
ŞǯŗǯŘǯȱȱ ’›Š”ž•ãœŽȱ§‘’”Ž’Ž—ȱŠ•œȱ‘Š’˜›Š™‘’œŒ‘Ž›ȱ˜™˜œȱŽ›ȱ
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ŞǯŗǯŘǯŗǯȱ ™˜••˜—’˜œȱŸ˜—ȱ¢Š—Šȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŘşŖȱ
Şǯŗǯřǯȱȱ ŽŒ‘œŽ•œŽ’’ŽȱŠ’ŽŸ˜› û›Žȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ Řşśȱ
Şǯŗǯřǯŗǯȱ ‘›’œ•’Œ‘ŽȱŽ™•’”Ž—ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ Řşşȱ
ŞǯŗǯŚǯȱ Ž’Ž›û‘›Ž—Žȱt‹Ž›•Žž—Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŖśȱ
ŞǯŘǯȱȱ žžœ’—žœȱŸ˜—ȱ
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ŞǯŘǯŗǯȱȱ žžœ’—œȱ ˜—œ’ž’˜—ȱŽœȱŠŽ–˜—ȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŗŗȱ
ŞǯŘǯŘǯȱȱ žžœ’—œȱŽ£ž—Ž—ȱ£žȱ–Š’Šȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŗŜȱ
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şǯ ’ŽȱŠ™¢›’ȱ ›ŠŽŒŠŽȱŠ’ŒŠŽȱž—ȱŽ›ȱœŽ•‹œ›ŽŽ›Ž—’Ž••Žȱ
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şǯŗǯȱȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ ˜—Ž¡DZȱ—’”ŽȱŽ£Ž™’˜—Ž—ȱȱ
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şǯŗǯŗǯȱȱ Ž›’Žž—DZȱ’ŽȱŠ•”’‹’Š’œŒ‘ŽȱŽ£Ž™’˜—œ•’—’Žȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŚŗȱ

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şǯŗǯŘǯȱȱ ž›ȱŠ–‹’ŸŠ•Ž—Ž—ȱŽ£Ž™’˜—ȱŽœȱŠ’Ž‹Ž›’œȱ’–ȱ
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şǯŗǯŘǯŗǯȱ •˜’—DZȱ ›ž—•ŠŽ—ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŚŜȱ
şǯŗǯŘǯŘǯȱ •˜’—DZȱ–ŠŽÇŠȱž—ȱ˜¾ŽÇŠȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŚşȱ
şǯŗǯŘǯřǯȱ Š–‹•’Œ‘œȱŽȱ¢œŽ›’’œȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řśŜȱ
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şǯŗǯřǯȱ Ž’Ž›ŽȱŽž—Žȱž—ȱ’Žȱ›˜‹•Ž–Š’”ȱ’‘›Ž›ȱŽžž—ȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŜśȱ
şǯŗǯřǯŗǯȱ ’Œ‘’ŽȱŽŠ’Ÿ‹Žž—ŽDZȱŠœȱ˜›™žœȱ
Ž›–Ž’Œž–Dz
’ŽȱŠ—’”Ž—ȱŠ‹Ž••ŠŽȱŽ’¡’˜—ž–ȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŜśȱ
şǯŗǯřǯŘǯȱ Ž›’Žž—DZȱž–ȱŽ›‘§•—’œȱŸ˜—ȱŠ—’”Ž›ȱ
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şǯŗǯřǯřǯȱ –‹’ŸŠ•Ž—ŽȱŽž—ŽDZȱŠœȱŽœŠ–Ž—ž–ȱŠ•˜–˜—’œDz
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şǯŘǯȱ ’ŽȱŠ™¢›’ȱ ›ŠŽŒŠŽȱŠ’ŒŠŽȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŞŘȱ
şǯŘǯŗǯȱȱ ž›ȱŽ£Ž™’˜—ȱŽœȱŠ’Ž‹Ž›’œȱ’—ȱŽ—ȱŠ™¢›’ȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŞřȱ
şǯŘǯŘǯȱȱ ž›ȱ›’žŽ••Ž—ȱ˜đ›’Œ‘ž—ȱŽ›ȱŠ™¢›’ȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řŞşȱ
şǯŘǯřǯȱȱ ŠŽÇŠȱž—ȱŽ›ȱŽ•’’˜—œ‹Ž›’ȱȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řşřȱ
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şǯŘǯŚǯŗǯȱ ’Ž—ȱž—ȱ ’—Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ řşşȱ
şǯŘǯŚǯŘǯȱ ž–ȱ˜™˜œȱŽœȱŠž‹Ž› ˜›œȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŖřȱ
şǯŘǯŚǯřǯȱ Ž’¡’˜—Ž—ȱž—ȱœŒ‘ŠŽ—‹›’—Ž—Žȱ’žŠ•™›Š”’”Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŖŝȱ
şǯřǯȱȱ Š£’ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŗŖȱ
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ŗŖǯ Š›œ’•’˜ȱ’Œ’—˜ǰȱ ’˜ŸŠ——’ȱ’Œ˜ȱŽ••Šȱ’›Š—˜•Šȱž—ȱ’Žȱ
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ŗŖǯŗǯȱȱ ›˜•˜DZȱ•Š˜—œȱŽŽžž—ȱû›ȱŽ—ȱŠ‹Ž—•§—’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ
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ŗŖǯŘǯȱȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ ˜—Ž¡DZȱ’Žȱ’ŽŽ›‹Ž•Ž‹ž—ȱȱ
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ŗŖǯŘǯŗǯȱ ›ž—•ŽŽ—ŽȱŽ£Ž™’˜—œȬȱž—ȱ›Š—œ˜›–Š’˜—œ™›˜£ŽœœŽȱ
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ŗŖǯŘǯŘǯȱ Ž›’Žž—DZȱ’Žȱ•˜›Ž—’—Ž›ȱŽ—Š’œœŠ—ŒŽȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŘŖȱ
ŗŖǯřǯȱ Š›œ’•’˜ȱ’Œ’—˜ȱž—ȱ’Žȱ–Š’Šȱ—Šž›Š•’œȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŘŚȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŗǯȱ ’Œ’—˜œȱŽȱ–˜›Žȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŘŜȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯȱ ’Œ’—˜œȱŽȱ’Šȱ’‹›’ȱ›Žœȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚřŘȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯŗǯȱ ’Žȱ™˜•˜’Šȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ Śřřȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯŘǯȱŽ£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ¡”ž›œDZȱ›˜”•˜œȇȱ
περϠ τϛς καθ’ ̶λληνας ϡερατικϛς τνχνηςȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚřŜȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯřǯȱŽ£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ¡”ž›œDZȱŽ›ȱ’ŒŠ›’¡ȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŚřȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯŚǯȱ’Œ’—˜œȱ¢—‘ŽœŽȱ’—ȱŽȱ’ŠDZ ›ž–Ž—Š’ŸŽȱ
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ŗŖǯřǯŘǯśǯȱŽ£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ¡”ž›œDZȱ
ȱ •˜’—œȱ——ŽŠŽȱŚǰ řǰ ŗŗ ž—ȱŽ›ȱ•ŠŽ’—’œŒ‘ŽȱœŒ•Ž™’žœȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ Śśśȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯŜǯȱ’Œ’—˜œȱ§–˜—Ž—ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ Śśşȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯŝǯȱ’Œ’—˜œȱžœû‘›ž—Ž—ȱ£ž›ȱ ›ŠȱŽ›ȱ˜›Žȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŜŘȱ
ŗŖǯřǯŘǯŞǯȱ’Œ’—˜œȱŽ£Ž™’˜—ȱŽœȱŠ’Ž‹Ž›’œȱ’—ȱŽȱ’Šȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ ŚŜśȱ
ŗŖǯřǯřǯȱ Š£’DZȱ’Œ’—˜œȱŽŽžž—ȱû›ȱŽ—ȱŠ‹Ž—•§—’œŒ‘Ž—ȱ
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ŗŖǯŚǯȱ ’Œ˜ȱŽ••Šȱ’›Š—˜•ŠDZȱǻœŽž˜ȬǼȱ
’œ˜›’˜›Š™‘’œŒ‘Žȱž—ȱ
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ŗŗǯŚǯŗǯȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œŽœŒ‘’Œ‘•’Œ‘Ž›ȱ ˜—Ž¡ȱȱǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ śŜśȱ

ŗŗǯŚǯŘǯȱ Ž›ȱŠ’Ž‹Ž›’ȱŽœȱ
Ž›–Ž’Œȱ›Ž›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ ˜•Ž—ȱŠ —ȱ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ǯ ȱ śŝŘȱ
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ŗŘǯŘǯŗǯȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œ•Ž’œž—Ž—ȱŽŽ—û‹Ž›ȱŽ–ȱ
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ŗŘǯŘǯŘǯȱ Ž£Ž™’˜—œ•Ž’œž—Ž—ȱŽŽ—û‹Ž›ȱŽ–ȱ
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