dimitri nadiraSvili

daibada 1961 wels. fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. muSaobs

socialur, samedicino, ganwyobis fsiqologiaSi.
praqtikosi fsiqoTerapevti. aqvs naSromebi fsiqoanalizSi, klientze centrirebul
TerapiaSi, geStalt TerapiaSi. muSaobs d. uznaZis fsiqologiis institutSi, aris
samedicino fsiqologiis ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli.

geStalt Terapia _ fsiqoTerapiuli mimarTuleba. Camoyalibda XX saukunis II

naxevarSi. masSi akumulirebulia aRmosavluri sibrZne da dasavluri
fsiqologiuri codna. popularuli gaxda, radgan fsiqoanalizisagan
gansxvavebiT sasurveli pozitiuri efeqtebi, am fsiqoTerapiuli teqnikiT drois
xanmokle intervalSia SesaZlebeli.

winamdebare wigni warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos geS­talt TerapiaSi

fsiqoTerapevtebis, fsiqologebis, eqimebis, pedagogebis, socialuri muSakebisa
da am sferoTi dainteresebul pirTaTvis. igi pirveli fundamenturi naSromia
qarTul enaze, romelSic sistemurad aris gadmocemuli geStalt Terapiis
Teoria, praqtika da teqnika.

dimitri nadiraSvili

1
 egzistencialuri
geStalt Terapia

sarC evi

redaqtoris winasityvaoba 7
winasityvaoba 8
Sesavali 10

Tavi I. geStalt Terapiis safuZvlebi 13

geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba 14
geStaltis buneba 20
geStalti, figura da foni 27
kontaqti 32
kontaqti da SegrZnebis modalobebi 37
kontaqti da mZlavri emociebi 47
kontaqtis procesi (sintaqsisi) 51
urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa erTianoba 55
drosa da sivrcesTan mimarTeba 59
pirovnebis ganviTarebis stadiebi 64

Tavi II. pirovnuli darRvevebi 71

me-s dacviTi meqanizmebi 72
introeqcia 75
proeqcia 78
retrofleqsia 81
defleqsia 84
konfluencia 87
2
 nevrozi 91
fsiqozi 96
Tavi III. geStalt Terapiis procesi 99
geStalt Terapiis mizani da mindinareoba 100
grZnobebze koncentrireba 103
urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa sinTezi 106
gacnobierebis gafarToeba 112
sizmrebze da ocnebebze muSaoba 115
sxeulze mimarTuli muSaoba 120
pasuxismgeblobis aReba 125
winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva 131
Sinagan dispoziciur ZalTa kompozicia 134
integracia 137
geStalt Terapiis teqnikuri procedurebi 143

Tavi IV. geStalt Terapiis seansi 157

jgufuri geStalTerapiuli procesi
(pirovnebis integracia) 158

literatura 172

winasityvaoba

am naSromis daweris idea karga xania rac mqonda, magram praqtikuli

ganxorcieleba daviwye 2005 wlis agvistoSi zRvis sanapiroze yofnisas gonioSi.
radgan umaRles saswavlebelSi vaswavli, rogorc sxva leqtorebi, xSirad vxvdebi
problemebs, Tu ra literatura davusaxelo studentebs ZiriTad da damatebiT
saxelmZRvaneloebad fsiqologiaSi, radgan ucxouri tradiciuli da Tanamedrove
fsiqologiuri literatura qarTulad praqtikulad ar iTargmneba. dasaxelebuli
literatura, gansakuTrebiT, gamoyenebiT fsiqologiaSi, Cveulebriv rusulenovani,
an gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi inglisurenovania. am mxriv qveyanaSi, romelsac
fsiqologiur mecnierebaSi udidesi tradiciebi aqvs, garda im naSromebisa,
romlebic qarTulad iwereba, klasikuri nawarmoebebi, rom aRara vTqvaT
Tanamedroveebze, qarTul enaze araa naTargmni.

3
 amas isic emateba, rom Cveni sazogadoebis socialurad cudad organizebulobis
gamo gamoyenebiTi da praqtikul fsiqologiaze araa saTanado moTxovna. amitom is
cudadaa ganviTarebuli. es maSin, rodesac fundamentaluri Teoriuli fsiqologia
evropuli masStabiTac erT-erT mowinave poziciaze dgas.
rogorc sxva gamoyenebiTi fsiqologiuri mimarTulebebi fsiqoTerapiac
saqarTveloSi sustadaa ganviTarebuli. literatura fsiqoanalizSi, geStalt
TerapiaSi, klientze centrirebul TerapiaSi, fsiqodramaSi, fsiqosinTezSi,
neirolingvistur programirebaSi qarTul enaze praqtikulad ar arsebobs. am mxriv,
gansakuTrebuli madloba qalbaton Tina CxeiZes fsiqoTerapiul teqstTa qarTul
enaze TargmnisaTvis.
aseve araa organizebuli saswavlo dawesebulebebi zemoT CamoTvlil
mimdinareobebSi maSin, rodesac aseTi skolebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli mTels
evropaSi, iqac sadac Teoriuli fsiqologia saerTod ar arsebobs. miuxedavad am
araorganizebulobisa, CvenTan 80-iani wlebidan popularulia fsiqoTerapiuli
mimdinareobebi, gansakuTrebiT fsiqoanalizi, amerikeli fsiqoTerapevtis karl
rojersis saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis Semdeg klientze centrirebuli Terapia da
geStalt Terapia.
Cemi interesi geStalt TerapiiT ZiriTadad literaturis gacnobiTa da
saqarTveloSi myofi ucxoeli geStaltTerapevtebTan SexvedriT daiwyo. 2002 wels
aSS-Si, san-franciskoSi rolo meis saxelobis kvlevisa da swavlebis centrSi
muSaobisas, b-n stenli kripneris TaosnobiT, mraval saintereso geStalt Terapiul
jgufTan momiwia TanamSromloba.
es gamocdileba vecade srulad amesaxa am wignSi.
geStalt Terapia marTlac gamoirCeva sxva fsiqoTerapiuli mimdinareobebisagan.
mas Rrma da saintereso Teoriuli bazisi aqvs; enaTesaveba ZiriTad fsiqoTerapiul
modelebs, gaaCnia originaluri teqnika. rac mTavaria, is lakonuria da efeqturi.
fsiqoanalizisgan gansxvavebiT ar moiTxovs did dros, swored amis gamoa geStalt
Terapia gansakuTrebiT popularuli dasavleTSi, sadac yoveli wuTi gansazRvruli
da limitirebulia.

4
 Sesavali

yvela saxis fsiqoTerapia zegavlenaa, magram yovelgvari zegavlena ar

aris fsiqoTerapia.
d. n.

geStalt Terapia mkurnalobis saSualebaa, romelic gascda samedicino

sazRvrebs, mimarTulia pirovnuli ganviTarebisa da zrdis procesze. am mxriv, is
mecnierebis, medicinis, filosofiis monacemebze dgas. amasTan geStalt Terapia
xelovnebis sferos ganekuTvneba. fsiqoTerapevtis SemoqmedebiTi midgoma
aucilebelia klientis warmatebuli mkurnalobisaTvis.
am wignis meSveobiT gaecnobiT geStalt Terapiuli mkurnalobis miznebs,
amocanebs, mraval niuanss, rac axasiaTebs am midgomas. fokusSi movaqcevT
problemebs, romlis dasaZlevadac momarTulia geStalt Terapia. bevr adamians
Cvens realobaSi, iseve rogorc cnobil literaturul personaJebs, mixeil
javaxiSvilis Teimuraz xevisTavs, iuri gonCarovis oblomovs, alber kamius
`ucxos~ da mravals, romelTac dRevandelobasTan kontaqtis unari ar aRmoaCndaT
da Sedegad msxverplad iqcnen. maT dakarges sakuTari Tavis mTlianoba im
realobasTan mimarTebaSi, romelSiac cxovroben. geStalt Terapia momarTulia
arsebul realobaSi TavisTavadobis, mTlianobis misaRwevad, im mTlianobis,
romelic gaaCnia yovel cocxals, romelic organulad arsebobs samyaroSi.
warmatebuli geStalt Terapiis Semdgomi pirovnuli integracia ganapirobebs
sakuTar TavTan Tavsebadobas, romelic Tandayolili aqvs bavSvs im bunebriv
harmoniul garemocvaSi, romelSiac mas uxaria arseboba. pirovnebis, anu `me~-s
gaucxoveba, dakargva, daSla amis sapirispirod `me~-s TavisTavadoba, autentoba,
mTlianoba aris geStalt Terapiuli mkurnalobis mizani da ZiriTadi
magistraluri xazi.
geStalt Terapiuli msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT, Tu `me~ daSlili, dakarguli
da araintergrirebulia, maSin aseTi adamianisTvis samyaro kargavs momxibvlelobas
da mniSvnelobas. sapirispirod `me~-s mTlianoba _ integrirebuloba badebs
samyarosadmi interessa da sicocxlis sazriss. geStalt Terapia, rogorc
egzistencialuri Terapiuli mimdinareoba adamianSi swored sicocxlis gancdas
afasebs, xolo darRvevad am impulsebis mizanSi ver amoRebasa da fokusSi ver
moqcevad miiCnevs. sakuTar TavTan da gare realobasTan kontaqtSi ver myofi
adamiani izolaciaSia moqceuli, misTvis gaugebari, uintereso da umniSvneloa is,
rac sasicocxlod stimulis momcemi iqneboda, rom ara e. w. damcavi meqanizmebi,
barierebi. paradoqsuli isaa, rom am fsiqologiuri barierebis warmoqmnas
gaucnobiereblad Tavad adamiani axdens, rac ukontaqtobad da gaucxoebad
ubrundeba. gaucnobierebeli daSlili araintegrirebuli `me~ sicocxlisa da
5
sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg moqmedebs. geStalt Terapiis mizania adamianma energia
sakuTar Tavsa da gare realobasTan kontaqts, sakuTari Tavis integrirebasa da
pirovnul zrdas moaxmaros.
ramdenad niSandoblivi da simptomuria mTlianoba dakarguli pirovneba Cvens
droSi? eqspertebis azriT da pacientTa Civilidan gamomdinare es problema
mniSvnelovania dRevandel sazogadoebaSi. pirovnebis `me~-s gaucxovebis,
daSlilobis, dakargvis simptomatika gansakuTrebulad XIX-XX saukuneebis
sazogadoebis maxasiaTebelia da XXI saukunis adamianis erT-erT umTavres
satkivarsac warmoadgens.
geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba

natura sanad, medicus curad morbos

avadmyofobas mkurnalobs eqimi, xolo gankurnavs buneba.
(eqimma Zvali Zvals unda miados, buneba Zvals Zvalze Seaxorcebs).

sityva geStalti germanuli sityvaa da aRniSnavs mTels. aseve ixmareba formis,

integraciis, konfiguraciis azriT. geStalt TerapiaSi am termins swored
pirovnebis gamTlianebis mniSvneloba eniWeba.
am fsiqoTerapiul mimdinareobas safuZveli XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi Caeyara,
misi fuZemdebeli fridrix solomon perlsia (1893-1970), romlis Teoriulma
naSromebma, xolo SemdgomSi Zalze popularulma jgufur-fsiqoTerapiulma
Treningebma dasabami misces axal Terapiul models. geStalt Terapiis
ganviTarebaSi, Tumca mraval pirovnebas miuZRvis wvlili, centralur figurad
mainc fridrix (fric) perlsi rCeba, misi saxeli uSualod asocirdeba geStalt
TerapiasTan.
miuxedavad imisa, rom geStalt Terapia originaluri modelia, mis
CamoyalibebaSi mravalma mimdinareobam iqonia zegavlena. maT Sorisaa fsiqoanalizi.
Tavad perlsi am mimdinareobas xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi swavlobda, Semdeg
ki fsiqoanalitikuri praqtikiT iyo dakavebuli, aRniSnul periodSi froidis
garda, masze didi gavlena iqonia vilhelm raixis Sexedulebebma e. w.
winaaRmdegobis Teoriam, gansakuTrebiT nevrotul procesSi sxeulis CarTulobam,
aseve zogadad bioenergetikam.
perlsze didi gavlena iqonia geStalt fsiqologiam, kerZod personis
mTlianobisa da figura-fonis idea swored am germanuli zogadfsiqologiuri
koncefciidanaa nasesxebi, romelic verthaimeris, keleris, goldSteinis, levinis
naSromebSia gadmocemuli. zogadfsiqologiuri gaxda idea, rom mTels axasiaTebs
niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic mis nawilebSi ar moiZebneba; es Sexeduleba geStalt
­fsiqologiuri Teoriidanaa aRebuli da fsiqoTerapiaSi realizirebuli.
geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebaze didi gavlena iqonia
egzistencializmma. miuxedavad imisa, rom am mimdinareobas bevri aqvs saerTo
fsiqoanalizTan, da rig saxelmZRvaneloebSi, is fsiqoanalizis saxesxvaobadaa
moxseniebuli, adamianis bunebasa da yofierebis gancda axsnis TvalsazrisiT,

6
awmyoze orientaciiT; aq, axla da amJamad arsebobis realizaciiT es
fsiqoTerapiuli modeli egzistencialur mimdinareobaTa Soris ewereba.
aSkaraa naTesavoba iseTi egzistencialistebTan rogorebicaa: bosi, binsvangeri,
haidegeri, maslou. perlsi Tavis avtobiografiaSi ixsenebs kurt goldSteins,
maslous, romelTa SemoqmedebaSic man yuradReba miaqcia TviTaqtualizaciis cnebas.
amasTan dakavSirebiT perlsi moixseniebs hertruda stains da mis naSroms `vardi
aris vardi~, romelSiac arsebobis da TviTrealizaciis egzistencialuri
msoflmxedvelobaa warmoCenili.
Tanamedrove fsiqoTerapiaSi egzistencialuri msoflmxedvelobis sami msxvili
mimarTulebaa. esenia: geStalt Terapia, franklis-logoTerapia da binsvangeris
egzistencialuri analizi. maSin, rodesac fric perlsi Tavis fsiqoTerapiul
mimarTulebas saxels arqmevda misi meuRle lora perlsi, romelic aqtiurad
monawileobda am procesSi kategoriulad uaryofda geStalt Terapiis saxels da
momxre iyo dasaxelebaSi sityva `egzistencialuri~ rom yofiliyo. am sayvedurSi
udaod bevria racionaluri. mravalTa azriT geStalt Terapiis kavSiri geStalt
fsiqologiasTan formaluria, da igi mTlianad egzistencializmis suliTa da
paTosiTaa gaJRenTili. Tumca Tavad perlsi geStaltis paradigmis, adamianis
bunebis holisturad gagebis momxre iyo, rac Terapiuli modelis dasaxelebaSic
aisaxa.
rogorc perlsis Tanaavtorebi da kolegebi ralf heferlini da paul gudmani
amboben, rom cxovrebaSi arsebobs specifikuri `geStalturi ganwyobebi~, isini jer
kidev aRmosavlur moZRvrebebSia aRwerili. geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibebaze
mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia Zen budizmmac. adamianis bunebis srulyofa-
ganviTareba, sakuTari substanciis wvdoma da samyarosTan harmonizaciis ideebi
Zveli indur-Cinuri moZRvrebidan momdinareobs. Tavad perlsic am zemoqmedebis
ZaliT berlineli saTvaliani akademiuri mecnieri, sibereSi TeTr xalaTian
indoel, wverian, momRimari moxucis garegnobis gurud gardaiqmna.
miuxedavad imisa, rom geStalt Terapiam amdeni gansxvavebuli mimarTulebis
gavlena ganicada, igi mkafio individualobis erT sistemad Sekrul fsiqoTerapiul
models warmoadgens. geStalt Terapia dResac icvleba, viTardeba. dRevandeli
mimdevrebi mas Tanamedrove saxes, iers aZleven, gamoyenebis axal horizontze
gahyavT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom geStalt TerapiaSi mravali gamoCenili warmomadgenelia:
ralf haferlini, paul gudmeni, irvin da miriam polsterebi, klaudio naranho,
jeri a. grinuoldi, jon b. enraiti, lora perlsi da sxvani, romlebic mravali
saintereso naSromis avtorni arian, mainc gansxvavebuli da unikaluria am
fsiqoTerapiuli modelis CamoyalibebaSi fric perlsis wvlili.
fridrix solomon perlsi dai­bada berlinSi 1893 wels saSualo SeZlebis
ebraul ojaxSi. misi mSoblebi germaniaSi asimilirebuli ebraelebi ar iyvnen
orTodoqsi morwmune iudevelebi. fric perlsis mowodeba Semoqmedeba da mecniereba
iyo, amas ekava centraluri adgili cxovrebaSi. fricma samedicino ganaTleba
germaniaSi miiRo, da sadoqtoro disertacia frankfurtis universitetSi daicva.

7
1926 wels perlsi gaxda gamoCenili geStalt fsiqologis kurt golSteinis
asistenti. amave dros igi interesdeba fsiqoanaliziT. evropaSi am dros
fsiqoanalizis bumia. igi karen hornisTan, oto fenixelTan erTad vilhelm raixis
xelmZRvanelobiT gadis analizis kurss. am periodSi perlsi warmatebuli
fsiqoanalitikosi praqtikosia. zigmund froidi misi erT-erTi mTavari avtoriteti
da kerpia. rogorc bunebiT skeptikoss, mas dauswreblad mudmivi Ria da faruli
kamaTi aqvs froidis moZRvrebasTan. rogorc aramorwmune ebraels perlsisave
TqmiT, fsiqoanalizma masTan rwmenis funqcia da adgili daikava. es niSandoblivi
iyo ara marto misTvis, aramed evropel fsiqoanalitikosTa mTeli pleadisTvis. 30-
ian wlebSi evropaSi apokalifsur-katastrofuli movlenebi xdeba. germaniaSi
xelisuflebis saTaveSi nacional-socialistebi modian. am droisTvis perlsi
daojaxda, misi meuRle momavalSi cnobili geStaltTerapevti lora perlsia.
perlsi dadebiTad afasebda mis droul gadawyvetilebas, emigrirebis Taobaze.
rogorc eTniur ebraels, mas germaniaSi sakoncentracio banaki da sikvdili eloda.
igi ojaxTan erTad avejiTa da biblioTekiT jer holandiaSi, xolo Semdeg
froidis Tanamoazrisa da biografistis ernest jonsis TaosnobiT, romelic
ebrael fsiqoanalitikosebs mzrunvelobda 1934 wels samxreT afrikaSi gadasaxlda.
igi iohanesburgSi meuRlesTan erTad fsiqoanalitikuri praqtikiT iyo dakavebuli.
1936 wels perlsma miiRo miwveva saerTaSoriso fsiqoanalitikur kongresze,
romelic CexoslovakiaSi gaimarTa. mas eswreboda froidi da mTeli
fsiqoanalitikuri kohorta. perlsi anTebuli iyo JiniT ekamaTa da daemarcxebina
froidi diskusiaSi. misi TqmiT es gaRmerTebisa da Tayvaniscemidan momdinareobda,
romelic metris mimarT gaaCnda. perlsi ise iyo SemarTuli moxsenebis wasakiTxad,
rom samxreT afrikidan evropaSi saWesTan sakuTari TviTmfrinaviT apirebda Cafrenas,
rogorc pirveli fsiqoanalitikosi mfrinavi. sabolood es natvra mas ar auxda da
evropaSi gemiT Cavida. perlsi imedgacruebuli darCa froidTan SexvedriTac,
romelTanac mxolod oTxi wuTi moaxerxa zereled urTierToba.
maSin, rodesac evropaSi omi iyo gaCaRebuli, perlsis samxreT afrikuli
cxovreba idiliad gamoiyureboda. igi 50 wuTs pacientebTan seansebs atarebs.
eufleba TviTmfrinaviT frenas da marto mogzaurobs afrikisa da indoeTis okeaneSi.
perlsma gaxsna samxreT afrikis fsiqoanalizuri instituti. feSeneblur raionSi
aiSena saxli kortebiT, auziT, momsaxure personaliT. mas yinulis sasrialo
moedanic ki hqonda. es is droa, rodesac samxreT afrikaSi apartaidis kanonebia da
evropeli, Savkanianisgan yovelmxriv gancalkevebuli da privilegirebulia, maT erT
saxlSi ar sZinavT, sxvadasxva tualeti da TavSeyris adgilebi aqvT.
aqve iwereba perlsis naSromi, `ego SimSili da agresia~, romelic pirvel
gamocemaSi atarebda saxels `froidis Teoriisa da meTodis gadafaseba~, xolo
meore gamocemaSi moinaTla, rogorc `geStalt Terapiis Sesavali~.
perlsi zustad ixsenebs im moments, rodesac fsiqoanalizTan kavSiris gawyveta
ganizraxa. es misi TqmiT moxda keipthaunSi, berZeni princesa maria bonapartesTan
saubrisas, romelic froidis axlobeli da Tanamoazre iyo. masTan saubarSi
perlsma gaakritika froidis libidos Teoria, romelic misi TqmiT ufro rwmenis

8
sakiTxi iyo, vidre mecnierebis. SemdgomSi perlsi seqsualur instinqts, geStalt
TerapiaSi SimSilis instinqts Caanacvlebs.
miuxedavad amisa, perlsi oficialurad kavSirs ar wyvets fsiqoanalizur
asociaciasTan.
1946 wels perlsi sacxovreblad da samuSaod SeerTebul StatebSi gadadis. is
moRvaweobs niu-iorkSi, los-anJelesSi, san-franciskoSi. ZiriTad mas yofna
kaliforniaSi uwevs, izelenSi, sadac aswavlis da cxovrobs. paralelurad
mogzaurobs iaponiaSi, sadac Zenis sibrZnes eufleba. amerikaSi igi komunebSi,
sakmaod Tavisufali cxovrebiT cxovrobs, sadac jgufuri TerapiebiT da pirovnul
zrdaze orientirebuli procesebiTaa dakavebuli.
1952 wels niu-iorkSi aarsebs geStalt instituts, romelic Zalzed
popularuli xdeba. Tavad perlsi aRiarebuli fsiqoTerapevtisa da brZeni gurus
reputacias ixveWs, romlisTvisac ucxo araa Tavisufali seqsi da L.S.D-s gamoyeneba.
misi cxovreba da aRiarebis periodi emTxveva amerikaSi 50-60-iani wlebis
axalgazrdul gamosvlebs, seqsualur revolucias da hipur moZraobas. amgvari
foni nayofieri aRmoCnda msoflioSi misi da geStalt Terapiis
popularizaciisaTvis. perls ar uyvarda wera, mas ekuTvnis mxolod ramodenime
wigni, isic sxvebTan TanaavtorobiT am wignebs misi konsultaciiT sxvebi werdnen.
amave stilSi magnitofonis firze Canawerebidanaa Seqmnili misi avtobiografiuli
romanic, saxelad `nagvis yuTis SigniT da gareT~. misi stiqia adamianebTan,
jgufTan uSualo urTierToba iyo, rac video-seansebis saxiT mravalricxovan
firebzea aRbeWdili, igi aseve gatacebuli iyo mxatvrobiT.
perlsis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis bolo adgilsamyofeli kanadis vankuvernis
kunZuli britaneTis kolumbiaSi iyo, sadac man geStaltis sazogadoeba daaarsa.
perlsi iqve gardaicvala 1970 wels, samocdaTvrameti wlis asakSi.

geStaltis buneba

garemo molekulebisgan Sedgeba, magram fizikur samyaros

Cven mTliani formebis, geStaltebis
saxiT aRviqvamT.

pirovnebis Teoriisa da fsiqoTerapiuli modelis arss, gansazRvravs Tu rogor

esmis mas adamianis buneba. imis gamo, rom geStalTTerapiaze gavlena mravalma
orientaciam iqonia, pirovnebis gagebis miseuli xedva gansxvavebuli
msoflmxedvelobebis anareklia, miuxedavad amisa is mainc originaluri,
araekleqturi fsiqoTerapiuli mimdinareobaa.
perlsi Riad acxadebda, rom mas naklebad ainteresebs Teoriuli Sexedulebebi,
misi yuradReba gadatanilia adamianis arsebobis uSualod wvdomaze da moqmedis
gamocdilebaze. miuxedavad amisa perlsis naazrevSi, bevri ram swored
filosofiuri da msoflmxedvelobrivia mniSvnelovani kiTxva, romelsac geStalt
Terapevti adamianis qcevis gasarkvevad svams aris kiTxva, Tu rogor da ara ratom,

9
rogorc es fsiqoanalizSia. amiT xazgasmulia adamianis Tavisuflebis xarisxi, rom
pirovnebas sakuTar potencialze dayrdnobiT SeuZlia cvlilebis Setana
realobaSi.
perls ekuTvnis TeTr leqsad dawerili devizi, xumrobebiT e. w. `geStalt
Terapevtis locva~, romelSiac gadmocemulia adamianis damokidebuleba sakuTari
Tavisa da realobisadmi.

`me es me var, Sen ki Sen xar.

me Cemsas vakeTeb, Sen ki Sensas.
me imisTvis ar vcxovrob am qveyanaze,
rom Sens melodiebs Sevesatyvisebode.
Sen imitom ar cxovrob am qveyanaze,
rom Cems molodinebs Seesatyvisebode.
Sen Sena xar, me ki me var.
Tu ki moxda aseTi ram, rom
Cven vipoveT erTmaneTi _ es mSvenieria
Tu ki ara, amas verafers uSveli~.
am teqstis filosofiuri azri araerTgvarovan interpretacias moiTxovs. masSi
xazgasmulia, rom pirovnebam sakuTari Tavi TviTon unda gaacnobieros da sakuTar
sicocxleze pasuxismgeblobac Tavad unda aiRos. es erTgvari protesti da pasuxia
im zewolaze, romelic xorcieldeba kulturis, religiis, sazogadoebis,
politikis, masis, ojaxis mxridan.
amave dros masSi naCvenebia urTierTobis, kontaqtis mniSvneloba da specifika.
Tu ramdenad didi cvlilebis, STabeWdilebis momtania Rrma kontaqtis mqone
urTierTxedva. meore mxriv, ramdenad damTrgunveli da damangrevelia
Tavsmoxveuli, iZulebiTi damokidebulebani, romelTa mniSvnelobis gamarTlebasac
axdens totalitaruli, aratolerantuli sazogadoeba.
teqstSi naCvenebia pasuxismgeblobis mniSvneloba, sicocxlis, sakuTari Tavis,
da samyarosTan urTierTobaSi. is arsebobis sazriss badebs da pirovnuli zrdisa
da ganviTarebis safuZvelia.
geStalt Terapiis koncefcia adamianis holistur gagebas eyrdnoba. misTvis
miuRebelia adamianis danawevrebiTi Seswavla rogorc gonebis-organizmis, sulis-
sxeulis, grZnoba-azrovnebis, nebeloba-moqmedebis. holisturi midgoma uaryofs
rogorc dualizms, ise mTelisa da misi nawilebis meqanikuri jamis tolobas.
sxeuli, goneba da suli mTliani organizmis aspeqtebia. geStalt Terapia efuZneba
verthaimeris formulirebas:
`arsebobs mTeli, romlis qceva ar ganisazRvreba misi calkeuli elementebiT,
aseTi mTelis nawilSi mimdinare procesebi Tavadaa gansazRvruli mTelis Sinagani
bunebiT. adamiani erTiani organizmia da is yovelTvis funqcionirebs, rogorc
mTeli. ar arsebobs me, romelsac aqvs suli, sxeuli da goneba. amis sanacvlod
arsebobs me, rogorc organizebuli mTeli. janmrTeli organizmi aris arseba,
romelic grZnobs, azrovnebs, moqmedebs. emociebs azrovnebiTi, moqmedebiTi,

10
fiziologiuri, grZnobiTi aspeqtebi gaaCnia. mentaluri aqtivoba mTliani
pirovnebis aqtivobaa, romelic energetikis ufro dabal doneze mimdinareobs, vidre
egreT wodebuli fizikuri aqtivoba. adamianis qcevis mentaluri da fizikuri
mxareebi ar warmoadgens urTierTdamoukidebel mocemulobas, romelsac SeuZlia
arseboba erTmaneTisagan an adamianisagan mowyvetiT~.
geStalt fsiqologebma Tavis droze aRweres mravali magaliTi, romelic
mTelisa da nawilis mimarTebas gansazRvravs. wertilebi cal-calked aRebuli
furcelze mxolod wertilebia, magram maT Tu garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT
ganvalagebT, isini wres Seqmnian. TavisTavad wreSi arsebuli wertili mxolod
wertilia, magram am TanmimdevrobiT ganlagebulni erT mTlian geStaltad
aRiqmebian, isini wres qmnian. wres SeiZleba Cven garkveuli wertilebis raodenoba
gamovakloT, movSaloT. miuxedavad amisa darCenili raodenoba erT mTlian wred
aRiqmeba, wred, romelsac wertilebis raRac nawili aklia. am SemTxvevaSi wre
axali formaa, wertilTa erTianobis maxasiaTebelia, romelic wertilSi, rogorc
nawilSi ar arsebobs. anu mTlian wres gaaCnia is, rac mis Semadgenel nawilSi ar
arsebobs. arc erT calke aRebul wertilSi, romlisganac wre Sedgeba ar arsebobs
wrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ram.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas finjani yavisa da misi Semadgeneli nivTierebebis Sesaxeb,
romelsac diliT mivirTmevT. sasmeli romlis komponentebicaa yava, rZe da Saqari
xasiaTdeba gemoTi, romelic arc yavaSia calke, arc rZeSi da arc SaqarSi. xolo
maTi sinTezis Sedegad Tvisobrivad axali ram miiReba, romelic arc erT
Semadgeneli nawilis gemoze ar daiyvaneba. am produqtebis sinTeziT miRebuli
geStalti, axali mTlianobaa, romelic metia, vidre misi nawilebi an maTi gemos
meqanikuri jami.
geStalt Terapiis Camoyalibebaze gavlena iqonia perlsis Tanamedrovis
filosofos zignumd fraidlanderis naazrevma, romelic gadmocemulia naSromSi
`SemoqmedebiTi indiferentoba~. zemoTxsenebul naSromSi gadmocemulia
diferencirebuli azrovnebis cneba, rac dialeqtikur, anu sapirispiroTa
urTierTmimarTebaSi azrovnebas gulisxmobs. polaruli urTierTsapirispiro
elementebi iwyeben arsebobas diferencirebuli nulovani wertilidan
gamodiferencirebis saxiT. yoveli movlena ukavSirdeba nulovan wertils,
romlidanac isini urTierTsapirispiro elementebad gamodiferencirdebian. maTTvis
specifikur konteqstSi es urTierTsapirispiro elementebi erTmaneTs izidaven. Tu
pirovneba centrSi yofnisas cnobierebis sifxizles SeinarCunebs, SesaZlebelia
SemoqmedebiTi unaris meSveobiT, orive sapirispiro mxaris danaxva da
dausrulebeli naxevrebis dasruleba.
am dros SesaZlebelia movlenaTa aRqmis calmxrivad xedvis daZleva da
organizmis struqturis, da funqciebis Rrmad wvdoma.
am ideas budizmSic vxvdebiT urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa _ inisa da ianis
erTianobis saxiT; sapirispiro elementebi ufro mWidro kavSirSi imyofebian
erTmaneTTan, vidre sxva elementebi. dapirispirebulTa saxiT azrovneba adamianis

11
organizmisTvis Rrmad Canergili, bunebrivi tendenciaa. sapirispiro elementebad
diferenciacia Cveni fsiqikis arsebiTi Tvisebaa.
sapirispiroTa zogadi cnebis konkretuli SemTxveva organizmuli balansis anu
homeoptazis cnebaa, romlis mixedviTac yovel organizms wonasworobisken swrafva
axasiaTebs. is, Tu romeli moTxovnileba gaxdeba dasakmayofilebeli ganisazRvreba
misi SesabamisobiT organizmis TviTSenarCunebis moTxovnilebasTan da sakuTari
potencialis aqtualizaciis, anu zrdis moTxovnilebiT. geStalTTerapiis mixedviT
yovel cocxal individs, cxovels Tu mcenares erTi bazisuri Tandayolili
ltolva gaaCnia, esaa sakuTari Tavis aqtualizaciis, zrdis moTxovnileba, rac
sakuTari arsis Sinagani bunebis potencialis gaSlas, ganxorcielebas gulisxmobs.
homeostazis mdgomareoba da wonasworobis aRdgena ase mimdinareobs. organizmi
moTxovnilebas ganicdis, ris gamoc kontaqts amyarebs garemosTan da ikmayofilebs
moTxovnilebas garemodan energiis asimilaciis meSveobiT. jansaR organizmSi
mudmivad moqmedebs Semdegi cikli: organizmSi raimes deficiti aRZravs
moTxovnilebas, moTxovnileba iwvevs uwonasworobas, uwonasworoba iwvevs
deficitis Semavsebeli sagnis gare realobaSi Ziebas, saWiro sagani realobis
fonidan moTxovnilebis ZaliT figurad gamodiferencirdeba. figurasTan agresiuli
kontaqti asimilaciis gziT moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas iZleva. es ganapirobebs
wonasworobis aRdgenas. cxovreba sxva araferia Tu ara dausrulebeli situaciebis
anu arasruli geStaltebis usasrulo raodenoba. rogorc ki erTi situacia
dasruldeba, maSinve axali situacia iCens Tavs. jansaRi individi warmatebiT
daasrulebs TiToeul situacias, daasrulebs TiToeul arasrul geStalts da am
procesSi pirovnul zrdas ganicdis.
perlsi, gansakuTrebiT adreul naSromebSi pirovnebis formirebaSi did
yuradRebas aqcevda instinqtebis rols. froidma Tavis TeoriaSi didi roli
mianiWa seqsualur instinqts, xolo misi Teoriis ganviTarebis meore etaspze
sikvdilis instinqtebi sicocxlisa da sikvdilis instinqtis dapirispirebuli
arian. froidma moaxdina pirovnebis seqsualuri ganviTarebis klasifikacia, romlis
SeferxebebiT Tu harmoniulad gavlac gansazRvravs adamianis pirovnul saxes.
perlsma gaiziara seqsualuri instinqtis aqtualoba, magram Tavis mxriv gamohyo da
mniSvnelovneba mianiWa SimSilis instinqts. SimSilis instinqti moicavs prenetalur
_ dabadebamdel stadias, ZuZumwovara bavSvis winadentalur stadias, kbilebis
amosvlis stadias, rodesac viTardeba kbenis unari, da molarul stadias, rodesac
viTardeba kbeCis da ReWvis unarebi. aRniSnuli stadiebi, seqsualuri stadiebis
msgavsad, maTi bunebrivi Tu anomaliuri ganviTarebis codna informacias gvaZlevs,
Tu rogoria formirebadi pirovneba. SimSilis instinqtis stadiebi pirovnebis
fsiqologiur niSnebs gansazRvravs. magaliTad, 1. winadentaluri stadia _
mouTmenlobas; 2. kbilis amosvlis stadia _ destruqciasa da agresias; 3. molaruli
stadia _ asimilacias. Sedegad, SimSilis instinqti gansazRvravs adamianis xasiaTs.
geStalt TerapiaSi arsebobs specialuri varjiSebi, romelic SimSilis instinqtis
ganviTarebis stadiebSi arsebuli darRvevebis aRmosafxvreladaa mimarTuli.

12
 geStalt Terapia yuradRebis Tavdacvisa da agresiis procesebzea
gamaxvilebuli. Tavdacva sakuTari Tavis gadarCenisTvis ganxorcielebuli
instinqturi aqtivobaa. cocxal samyaroSi Tavdacvis mravali gamovlineba arsebobs.
cxovelis niJara, javSani, Tavdacvis meqanikuri formaa. gaqceva dinamiur-motoruli
formaa, gvelis Sxami sekretuli formaa, mtris moaxloebis ynosviTi SegrZneba
Tavdacvis sensoruli gamovlinebaa. Tavdacvis msgavsad, agresiac mniSvnelovani
biologiuri funqciaa. misi saSualebiT organizmi garemosTan kontaqts amyarebs,
raTa sakuTari moTxovnilebebi daikmayofilos, gadalaxos is siZneleebi, romelic
am procesSi eRobeba. janmrTeli agresiis mizani destruqcia araa, igi
winaaRmdegobaTa ZalisxmeviT gadalaxvas emsaxureba. xeze arsebuli vaSlis
dasaufleblad adamianma geStalt Terapiuli TvalsazrisiT agresia unda
gamoavlinos, rom Secvalos arsebuli viTareba da nayofi SimSilis moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad moipovos, rom ara es agresiuli aqtivoba situacia ar
Seicvleba, vaSli xeze darCeba. kbilebi adamianis agresiis biologiuri
gamovlinebaa. kbeCa da ReWva oraluri agresiis saxeebia, romliTac sakvebi
produqtis struqturis meqanikuri daSla xdeba da misaRebi formiT gadamuSavdeba.
es procesi SimSilis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas emsaxureba. geStalt Terapia
Tanamedrove sazogadoebas aseT diagnozs usvams, adamianebi itanjebian erTis mxriv,
individualuri agresiis ver gamoxatvis gamo, misgan ver ganTavisufleba nevrozul
problemebs iwvevs; meores mxriv, adamianebi sxvebTan erTad koleqtiur agresiaSi
arian CaTreulebi; rac aseve damTrgunvelia maTTvis. froidis azriT, agresiis
sublimacia SesaZlebelia sportSi, SemoqmedebaSi, fizikur aqtivobaSi. geStalt
Terapiis mixedviT dentaluri agresia ramodenime pozitiur mizans emsaxureba. am
dros adamiani Tavisufldeba nevrotuli gaRizianebisagan. ar itanjeba SimSiliTa
da ugunebobiT. icis, rom raRac kargi gaakeTa Tavisi janmrTelobisaTvis.

geStalti, figura da foni

rac ufro bnelia Rame,

miT ufro kaSkaSeben varskvlavebi.
inglisuri gamoTqma

geStalt Terapia xuT ZiriTad Teoriul postulats aerTianebs. esenia:

figurisa da fonis mimarTeba, awmyos gacnobiereba da masze koncentrireba,
urTierTsapirispiroTa erTianoba, dacviTi funqciebi, momwifeba da
pasuxismgebloba. geStalt fsiqologebi Seiswavlian ra aRqmis process, mividnen
daskvnamde, rom es procesi isea struqtuirebuli da regulirebuli, rom kanons
eqvemdebareba. kerZod, adamianis aRqma isea organizebuli, rom yvelaze
mniSvnelovani sensoruli informacia garkveuli mimarTulebiT iyris Tavs, rac
aRqmis velSi figuras qmnis, romelic gamoiyofa danarCeni aRqmis velisgan, e. w.
fonisgan, romelic meore, ukana plans warmoadgens. es principi erTnairad

13
moqmedebs, vizualur, akustikur, kinesTetikuri aRqmis yvela sferoSi, sadac
mkafiod gamoiyofa erTi mxriv figura, xolo meores mxriv foni.
geStalt Terapiis mixedviT adamiani moqmedebs TviTregulaciis principiT,
romelSic aqtualuri, mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebebi aRqmis velSi figurad
iqcevian, moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg aRniSnuli obieqtebi, figuris
statuss kargaven da fonSi eqcevian, xolo maT adgils axali aqtualuri
moTxovnilebis mqone figura ikavebs. am Teoriis mixedviT, adamiani cxovrebaSi
saWiro figurebze axdens koncentracias, romlis miRma garkveuli fonia. igi
araaqtualur Sinaarsebs moicavs. maT aRmqmeli moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare
`acocxlebs~, figurad gardaqmnis. Sedegad, masTan kontaqtiT moTxovnilebas
ikmayofilebs.
rogorc ki moTxovnileba dakmayofildeba, geStalti dasruldeba, figura
kargavs mimzidvelobas, igi ubrundeba fons da adgils uTmobs axal figuras.
geStaltis formirebisa da dasrulebis ritmi gansazRvravs adamianis normalurad
bunebriv funqcionirebas, TviTregulacias.
figuras, miuxedavad modalobisa romelSiac igi aRiqmeba axasiaTebs, forma,
reliefuroba, romelic ipyrobs yuradRebas. SesaZlebelia misi dakvirveba da
Seswavla im sazRvrebSi, romelic gamohyofs mas fonisagan. `figura arsebobs,
aRiqmeba im farglebSi, romliTac is gamoiyofa danarCeni fonisgan. figuras,
moTxovnilebisgan gamomdinare gaaCnia garkveuli `magnitizmi~, riTac is izidavs,
aRmqmels. foni am mizidvis unariT ar gamoirCeva, is figurisgan gansxvavebiT
araaqtualur pasiur Sinaarsebs Seicavs, romelic yuradRebis fokusis miRma rCeba.
mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli, rac aRqmul obieqts axasiaTebs es `figuris
dasrulebisken swrafva~. aRmqmeli, rogorc aRmoCnda, astruqturebs, akoreqtirebs
figuras, avsebs mis nakls. ase magaliTad, wertilebi erTad garkveul mwkrivSi
aRiqmeba wred, miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi erToblioba wres ar warmoadgens, aRqma
Tavad asrulebs am daumTavrebel geStalts.
es erTgvari aRqmis refleqsia, xSirad cxovrebis realoba ar emTxveva im
dasrulebul geStalts, romelic Cveni ganwyobebidan gamomdinare arasworad,
magram dasrulebulad aRiqmeba. es efeqti geStaltis dasrulebis
kanonzomierebidan gamomdinareobs.
geStalt Terapevti fsiqoTerapiis dros did yuradRebas aqcevs klientSi
figura-fonis urTierTmonacvleobis process, rogorc problemis diagnozis, ise
misi aRmofxvris TvalsazrisiT. adamianebs problemebi uCndebaT, rogorc figuraze
saTanadod ver koncentrirebis gamo, aseve imisda mixedviT, Tu ra foni aqvT
figuris miRma. am problemas Cven SemdgomSi ganvixilavT.
magaliTad, erTi da igive realobaSi gansxvavebuli gamocdilebis mqone adamiani
sxvadasxvagvarad moiqceva. sikeTis gamovlenas advilad SeZlebs humanuri
Rirebulebis fonis mqone da Znelad adamiani, romelsac sadisturi Sinaarsebi aqvs
Tavis gamocdilebis fonSi. es imitom, rom garkveuli figura swored fonidan
SeiZleba amotivtivdes da gamoikveTos.

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 fons Tavis mxriv aRzrda-ganaTlebis procesSi qmnis cxovrebiseuli
orientirebi, religia, filosofia, morali, faseulobani. amiTaa gamowveuli da
gamarTlebuli, rodesac aRzrdis procesSi bavSvs vaswavliT xelovnebas,
kulturas, mecnierebas, enebs, sportis saxeobebs. es yvelaferi saboloo jamSi misi
pirovnebis fons gansazRvravs, cxovrebiseul epizodebSi yoveldRiurobaSi
garkveuli Sinaarsebi figurad iqceva. Tu adamians mdidari, kargad organizebuli
foni aqvs mas uadvildeba sasurveli qceva da garemosTan kontaqti, gansxvavebiT
maTgan, visac mwiri, Raribi, an araorganizebuli foni aqvs. am TvalsazrisiT,
warsuli gamocdileba, anu foni gansazRvravs `axla da aq~ garkveul figurasTan
ra kontaqti ganxorcieldeba da ra vera.
aseve mniSvnelovani yuradRebamisaqcevi movlenaa daumTavrebeli geStalti. rac
igive daumTavrebeli saqmea. aRniSnul fenomenze saintereso gamokvleva aqvs
Catarebuli kurt levins. am efeqts, levinis mowafis sapativcemulod zeigarnikis
efeqtsac uwodeben.
levinis es eqsperimentebi yofiT situaciebSi tardeboda, romlis Sedegebic
aseTi iyo. oficiantebs miuxedavad drois intervalis sididisa kargad axsovdaT
klientis gadasaxdeli Tanxa manamde, sanam is am Tanxas gadaixdida, xolo am
faqtis moxdenis Semdeg isini veRar ixsenebdnen gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobas. igive
xdeboda sastumros SveicarebTan. maT kargad axsovdaT klientis sacxovrebeli
oTaxis nomeri, sanam isini daqiravebul saxlSi cxovrobdnen, magram fulis
gadaxdisa da oTaxis gaTavisuflebis Semdeg dakavebuli oTaxis nomeri
aviwydebodaT. geStalt Terapiis enaze rom vTqvaT adamianebs Sinaarsebi kargad
axsovT, sanam geStalti dasruldeba, xolo dasrulebis Semdeg advilad aviwydebaT,
radgan maTTvis axali geStaltis Sinaarsi gaxda aqtualuri da mniSvnelovani.
arsebobs mravali faqti, rodesac aRniSnuli efeqti adamianebs gadaulaxav
problemebs uqmnis da saWiro xdeba fsiqoTerapiuli daxmarebac ki. magaliTad,
rodesac mniSvnelovani moTxovnilebebi daukmayofilebelia, an qceva akrZalvis
gamo Sua gzaSi Sewyvetilia. amis mizezia daumTavrebeli pirovnulad mniSvnelovani
geStaltia.
am dros ori mZafri problema iCens xolme Tavs. erTi gamoixateba akviatebaSi,
romlis drosac erTi da igive figura `gaCxerilia~ fonSi. ar xdeba
moTxovnilebisamebr figuris fonSi dabruneba da axali figuris warmoqmna. meore
problema gare situaciebidanaa gamomdinare. xSirad garemo isea organizebuli, rom
adamians ar eZleva saSualeba daasrulos moTxovnilebidan momdinare qceva. mas
sul axal-axali problemebi xvdeba gadasalaxi, ris gamoc daumTavrebeli qcevebi
problemebs aCens. magaliTad, samsaxurSi gamouxatavi emocia SeiZleba agresiad
gamovlindes ojaxSi. xelmZRvanelis mimarT arTqmuli wyena gamoixateba ojaxis
wevrTan an SemTxveviT gamvlelTan.
foni is maragi, okeanea, romelic xels uwyobs an xels uSlis figuris
formirebas. adamiani Tavad aregulirebs, akoreqtirebs, cenzuras ukeTebs fonSi
arsebul Sinaarss. fsiqoanalizma damajereblad aCvena, Tu rogor warmoqmnian
gandevnil aracnobier sferos cnobierebidan represirebuli Sinaarsebi.

15
 geStalt Terapevti xSirad problemas awydeba im mxriv, rom klienti mis fonSi
arsebuli moTxovnilebis dasaregulireblad mniSvnelovan Sinaarsebis ingorirebas,
gandevnas axdens, ris gamoc SeuZlebeli xdeba kontaqtSi Sevides, fokusSi
moaqcios cxovrebisaTvis mniSvnelovani obieqtebi. foni am dros gamouyenebelia, is
e. w. `xvrelebs~ moicavs, romlsi Sinaarsic individisTvis ucnobia. am dros
geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa gaacocxlos, TeTr laqad qceuli fonis nawili,
individis cnobierebas daubrunos misi dafaruli, gandevnili Sinaarsi.

kontaqti

kontaqti ar aris mudmivi mdgomareoba, aramed garkveuli riTmiT

obieqtTan Sexebisa da daSorebis aqtivobaa.
lora perlsi

kontaqti, geStalt Terapiis yvelaze mniSvnelovani procesia. am fsiqoTerapiul

models, sxvanairad kontaqtze orientirebul midgomadac ganixilaven, romlis
amocanaa adamianis ukontaqtobis mdgomareobis gansazRvra, diagnozi, im mizniT, rom
kontaqti aRdges. kontaqti niSnavs me-sa da ara `me~-s Soris (romelSiac
igulisxmeba sxva adamiani an obieqti), mimarTeba, romlis drosac `me~ ikmayofilebs
mniSvnelovan, saWiro, aqtualur moTxovnilebebs. Sedegad, `me~ izrdeba kontaqtiT
miRebuli Sinaarsis asimilirebiT.
pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobis doneze rom ganvixiloT adamianis meore
adamianTan urTierTobas ori ukiduresoba emuqreba. erTia izolacia, rodesac
adamiani kontaqts wyvets meoresTan, ganizidavs da amis gamo verafris asimilirebas
ver axerxebs. Tu adamians sWirdeba kontaqti, is ki ganizidavs meore adamians imis
magivrad, rom miizidos, kontaqtSi Sevides masTan, aseTi qceva stagnacias,
pirovnul zrdaSi Seferxebas iwvevs. amis sapirispiro situaciaa, rodesac erTi
adamiani erwymis meores. am SemTxvevaSi adamiani kargavs Tavis sazRvrebs, amitom
kontaqtis magier iTqvifeba, ikargeba sxvis sazRvrebSi ise, rom maT Soris, rogorc
erTeulebSi kontaqti ar aris. amgvari Serwyma kontaqtsaa moklebuli, Sedegad ar
xdeba saWiro asimilireba da pirovnuli zrda. am or mdgomareobisgan gansxvavebiT,
rodesac individi acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs da sxvas mis sazRvrebs, SesaZlebloba
aqvs sakuTari moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare miizidos an ganizidos sxva subieqtebi,
kontaqti daamyaros moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebel obieqtTan da moaxdinos
misTvis saWiro Sinaarsebis asimilacia. ase xdeba pirovnuli zrda kontaqtis
meSveobiT.
kontaqti SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod damoukidebel arsebebs, erTeulebs
Soris, izolacia da Serwyma yovelTvis xafangis Semcveli movlenaa kontaqtis
gzaze.

16
 rogoria bavSvis buneba kontaqtis unaris TvalsazrisiT? sanam bavSvi dedis
mucelSia, igi ar aris fizikurad damoukidebeli arseba, is dedis sxeulis
gagrZelebaa, magram dabadeba da Wiplaris gadaWra mxolod fizikur
damoukideblobas aniWebs bavSvs; fsiqologiurad man bevri ram unda iswavlos,
aiTvisos rom damoukidebloba moipovos. miuxedavad amisa, Cvil bavSvs ukve aqvs
gareSe obieqtebTan kontaqtis damyarebis Tandayolili unari, rac moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofilebel obieqtTan miaxloebaSi, mizidvaSi, xolo xeliSemSlel
obieqtebisgan ganzidvaSi, ganSorebaSi gamoixateba. janmrTeli organizmi kargad
anxorcielebs kontaqts, anu mizidva-ganzidvis aqts, ris Sedegadac garemos saWiro
obieqtebis asimilacias axdens. nevrotiki ver anxorcielebs garemosTan saWiro
kontaqts, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom imis magier, rom miizidos saWiro obieqti, igi
ganzidvas axdens da piriqiT, obieqti romelic ganzidvas moiTxovs miizideba,
Sedegad moTxovnilebebi, romlebic, dakmayofilebas saWiroebs daukmayofilebelia.
amis gamo adamiani pirovnulad ar izrdeba. stagnacia regress ganicdis.
rogorc aRvniSneT, srulfasovani kontaqti adamianisgan rogorc fizikurs,
aseve fsiqologiur damoukideblobas moiTxovs. fsiqologiuri damoukideblobis
ar arsebobis aRmniSvnelia is faqti, rom magaliTad, patara gogona samyaros dedis
TvaliT uyurebs. misTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli gamoxatos sakuTari
moTxovnilebebi, azrebi; Tu ra miaCnia sasiamovnod, kargad, an cudad; misaRebad, an
miuReblad. misi damokidebuleba imeorebs dedis qcevebs da ar Seesabameba sakuTar
Tavs, es faqti SeiZleba garemosTvis, sociumisTvis mosawoni da misaRebi iyos,
magram miuRebelia Tavad pataras organizmisTvis, misi pirovnuli mTlianobisTvis.
Sedegad amgvari bavSvi gare realobasTan saWiro kontaqts ver axorcielebs. es
problema garkveul etapze Tu ar daiZlia da qronikulad gagrZelda Sedegebi
SeiZleba fsiqologiur da fizikur travmebSi gamoixatos.
kontaqti organizmis funqciaa, romelic garkveul mimarTebas gulisxmobs. is
`me~-s sazRvarze xdeba da moiTxovs erTis mxriv sakuTari `me~-s sazRvris
gacnobiereba-gancdas, meores mxriv _ kontaqtSi Sesuli obieqtis anu ara me-s
sazRvris gancda-gacnobierebas. an imis, risi asimilirebac xdeba. kontaqtis amgvari
aqtis Sedegad is rac manamde me-s ar wamoadgenda me-s nawili xdeba. me, swored
kontaqtis sazRvarze acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs, sakuTar sazRvars da sxvas,
rogorc am sazRvris iqiT myofs. kontaqtis gareSe Tavad `me~-sTvis SeuZlebelia
ganicados sakuTari Tavi sakuTar sazRvrebSi.
adamianis me-s sazRvrebis individualoba gansazRvravs mis cxovrebis wess, Tu
ra tipis adamianebTan, ra saxis urTierTobebia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli. adamianebi
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, erTni Caketilni, izolirebulni arian sakuTar
sazRvrebSi, gaurbian sxvis sazRvrebSi SeWras. meoreni mudmivad riskaven, cdiloben
gaafarTovon sakuTari sazRvrebi, kontaqtSi Sevidnen gare obieqtebTan. me-s
sazRvris gafarToeba, yovelTvis urTierTsapirispiro gancdasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
erTis mxriv SiSTan, rom axlisken ltolvam ar daazaralos gadaulaxavi
siZneleebi ar Seuqmnas; xolo meores mxriv, me sazRvris gafarToveba acocxlebs

17
azarts, mxneobas aniWebs ufro Zliers, ufro metis SemZles xdis adamians, vidre is
manamde iyo.
zogadad siaxle, sxvis sazRvrebTan kontaqti xSirad garemos mxardaWeras
moklebulia. individis aqtivoba da sazRvrebis gafarToeba jgufisgan, sociumisgan
SeiZleba protests, ukmayofilebasac iwvevdes. amitom Tu individi aseTi
qcevisTvis garemosgan nebis darTvas elis, SesaZlebelia es man arc miiRos.
pirovnuli zrda `me~-s sazRvris gafarToeba, Tavisuflebis mopovebis process
warmoadgens. is vinc fiqrobs, rom Tavisufleba viRacam, garedan unda aCuqos,
mianiWos, mwared cdeba; es procesi yovelTvis mZafr brZolasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
adamianma bolomde ar icis Tu riTi damTavrdeba procesi marcxiT Tu warmatebiT.
am dros individSi arsebuli motivacia, sakuTari Tavis rwmena udides rols
TamaSobs.
srulfasovani funqcionirebisTvis, biologiuri da socialuri moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebisTvis adamians esaWiroeba Rrma kontaqti, rogorc gare realobasTan,
iseve sakuTar me-sTan. adamians ZaluZs me-s SigniT Sinaarsebze koncentrirebis
gacnobiereba. SeuZlia dakvirvebis subieqtic iyos da obieqtic. xSirad imisaTvis,
rom gare realobasTan sasurveli kontaqti damyardes, aucilebelia imis
gacnobiereba, Tu ra moTxovnilebebi, faseulobebi saWiroeben realizebas da mis
safuZvelze gare realobaSi kontaqtebis Zebna.
socialuri adamiani did yuradRebas uTmobs pirovnebaTSoris kontaqtebs.
cxovrebis komfortulad mowyoba, faseuli, mniSvnelovani kontaqtebis organizebas
gulisxmobs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, garemosTan kontaqti me-s sazRvarze ganicdeba da
xorcieldeba. pirovneba, romelic garkveul sazRvrebSi moiazreba SeiZleba
aRvweroT, rogorc sxeulis sazRvrebi, faseulobaTa sazRvrebi, Cveuli
gamovlinebis sazRvrebi. mokled SevexoT TiToeul maTgans.
Cveni sxeulis sazRvrebi moicavs organizms kanis zedapirs, sxeulis organoebs,
idealSi Cven kargad unda vgrZnobdeT sxeulis TiToeul nawils, mis SegrZnebebs,
isini unda aisaxebodnen, Cven unda vakontrolebdeT, warvmarTavdeT sxeulis
moZraobas. Cveni sxeuli garemosTan urTierTobis daxvewil instruments unda
warmoadgendes. saubedurod es yovelTvis ase ar aris. bavSvobisdroidan
moyolebuli akrZalvebi, cenzura, dasja, Tavsmoxveuli normebi, crurwmenebi, es
yvelaferi aucxoebs adamians Tavis sxeulTan. individualuri Terapiuli muSaobis
dros iSviaTi araa, imis dadgena, rom sxeulis mravali nawili cxovrebiseul
situaciebSi gaucxoebulia, ar SeigrZnoba. magaliTad, interpersonaluri
urTierTobis dros qali ganicdis Tavis da saxis nawils, xolo SegrZnebebi kisers
qvemoT ignorirebulia. xSirad aseTi ram emarTeba seqsualur gancdebs.
gaucxoebuli adamiani, aracnobierad Trgunaven sxeulSi mimdinare SegrZnebis
gamoxatvas, radgan ojaxi, sociumi. amis gamovlenisTvis ama Tu im formiT sjida
mas. Sedegad adamiani qcevaSi kargavs fizikur mTlianobas, igi ise gamoiyureba,
TiTqos sxeulis calkeuli nawilebi mis kontrols ar eqvemdebareba. aseT dros
geStalt Terapiuli daxmareba gulisxobs adamianma gaacnobieros sxeulis

18
`dakarguli~ nawilebi, rom isini kvlav integrirdes erT mTelSi. es esaWiroeba maT,
vinc ver ganicdis sxeulis sazRvrebs, uWirs realobasTan adeqvaturi kontaqti,
sasurveli moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba.
adamians aqvs faseulobaTa sazRvrebi. es Rirebulebebia, romelsac igi Tavisad
miiCnevs. arian axalgazrdebi, romlebic ganaTlebiT arian dainteresebulni, maTi
interesTa sfero swavla saprogramo codniT Semoifargleba; did yuradRebas ar
uTmoben sports, megobrebs, sapirispiro sqesTan urTierTobas. amis sapirispirod,
arian sxva Rirebulebis mqone axalgazrdebi, romlebic ZiriTad dros quCaSi
atareben, maT interess ara swavla-ganaTleba, aramed cxovrebiseuli siamovneba,
azartuli TamaSebi da narkotikebi warmoadgens. zogadad SeiZleba gamovyoT maRali
da dabali, biologiuri socialuri, kulturuli, esTetikuri, religiuri
Rirebulebebi. miuxedavad amgvari gradaciisa SeuZlebelia standartis gansazRvra
Tu ra etalons unda Seesabamebodes adamianis faseulobebi. isini individualuri da
subieqturia, Tumca sazogadoebaSi arsebobs Sefasebis kriteriumebi Tu ra iTvleba
saamayod da ra gasakicxad.
zogadad, geStalt Terapia axdens sakuTari faseulobebis sazRvris gaSla-
gafarToebis, maRal Rirebulebebze orientaciis stimulirebas. Tumca mainc
yvelaferi Tavad pirovnebis unarsa da talantzea damokidebuli.
arsebobs e.w. Cveuli qceviTi sazRvrebi. gamonaTqvami: `Cveuli jojoxeTi
mirCevnia, miuCvevel samoTxes~ _ swored adamianis am mijaWvulobaze metyvelebs.
jer kidev froidi `fsiqoanalitikur etiudebSi~ aRniSnavda specifikur rolsa
da SiSs siaxlisadmi. adamianebi ise iqcevian TavianTive Semovlebul demarkaciul
sazRvrebSi, rom Tavisda uneburad sakuTari Tavis tyve xdebian. amis gamo
adamianebi atareben erTi da igive stilis fexsacmels, dasasveneblad dadian erTi
da igive adgilas, miirTmeven erTi da igive yaidis sakvebs. kargad ver acnobiereben
rom amas mxolod miCvevis gamo akeTeben da srulebiT ar moswonT is, rasac ase
miejaWvnen, arada SesaZlebelia orientirebis Secvla, gafarToeba. amiT `me~ bevr
rames igebs, zrdis sakuTar sazRvrebs da viTardeba.
kontaqti da SegrZnebis modalobebi

yvelaze kargi surneli mas aqvs,

visac arafris surneli ara aqvs

`civilizaciis msxverpli~

rogor xorcieldeba kontaqti? SegrZnebis organoebis meSveobiT, Cven

obieqtebTan, urTierTobaSi SevdivarT. is rac kontaqts moaqvs moTxovnilebis
dakmayofileba simbolurad sulis Cabervas SeiZleba SevadaroT, romelic
acocxlebs Cvens arsebas. sityva Sexeba kargad asaxavs im efeqts, rac kontaqts Tan
axlavs. gamonaTqvamSi xelovnebasTan Sexeba, bunebasTan Sexeba, sinamdvilesTan
Sexeba, igulisxmeba am sferoebTan kontaqtSi Sesvla. kontaqtis gancda CvenSi
iwvevs efeqts, rom Cven raimes vexebiT, miuxedavad imisa, Tu am dros ra SegrZnebis

19
organoa moqmedebaSi, mzeriT veZebT obieqts, smeniT vexebiT, Tu raime sxva
SegrZnebis organoTi. SegrZnebis organoebi, obieqtTan kontaqtis mixedviT
gansxvavdebian kontaqtur da distantur modalobebad.
magaliTad, Tvali obieqtTan kontaqtSi Sedis, distanciaze ise rom obieqts
uSualod ar exeba. amaSi sinaTlis sxivi monawileobs, aseve xdeba yuriT kontaqti,
rodesac obieqti uSualod ar exeba organos, aramed misgan gamowveuli haeris
vibracia aRwevs yurs. sxvagvardaa saqme ynosvisa da Sexebisas. ynosvis organoSi
uSualod obieqtis nawili xvdeba. Sexebisas sxeulis garkveuli nawili aseve
uSualod exeba obieqts. igive xdeba gemos gasinjvisas obieqtis uSualod piris
receftorebTan kontaqti ganapirobebs amgvar SegrZnebebs. adamians, iseve rogorc
cxovels unari aqvs kontaqtSi Sevides obieqtTan sasococxlo moTxovnileba
daikmayofilos. am mxriv adamiani rom cxovelebs SevadaroT aRmoCndeba, rom
cxovelebs SegrZnebis organoebi gacilebiT kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli, isini ufro
uSualo kontaqtSi arian garemosTan. rac ufro iWreba civilizacia cxovrebaSi,
Cven garemosTan ufro naklebi uSualo kontaqtis saSualeba gveZleva. Tuki adre
adamiani xnavda, Tesavda, imkida mosavals, uSualod exeboda miwas, mcenares,
nayofs, masTan kontaqtSi Zabavda kunTebs da xarjavda energias, axla civilizebul
garemoSi mas mxolod teqnikur aparatTan jdoma uxdeba da TiTis pultze daWera.
civilizacias Tavisi pliusebic aqvs da minusebic. pliusSi udaod is unda
CaiTvalos, rom adamiani gacilebiT did saqmes energiis naklebi xarjviT asrulebs,
mas meti Tavisufali dro rCeba, rac potenciurad mravali ramisTvis SeiZleba
gamoiyenos. minusia adamianis cocxal bunebasTan gaucxoeba. garemos
teqnologizaciis gamo igi veRar xarjavs saWiro energias, kargavs garemosTan
saWiro mimarTebebs, rac misi SesaZlo nevrotizaciis mizezi xdeba.
rogorc avRniSneT, cxovelisgan gansxvavebiT civilizebul adamians
atrofirebuli, daClungebuli aqvs SegrZnebis modalobebi, mxedveloba, smena,
ynosva, gemos SegrZneba; am viTarebaSi adamiani rogor axerxebs, rom ufro
warmatebuli iyos sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaSi, vidre cxoveli?
adamians cxovelTan mimarTebaSi gaaCnia udidesi upiratesoba. mas gaaCnia
cnobiereba da maRalganviTarebuli azrovneba, romlis saSualebiTac igi kontaqtSi
Sedis garemosTan, advilad igebs sxvaTa azrs, logikas, rac misTvis warmatebis
momtania. gamonaTqvamSi: `me vazrovneb, ese igi varsebob~ kargadaa gadmocemuli
gonebis Zalis mniSvneloba. mecniereba, xelovneba, adamianis samyarosTan azrovnebis
meSveobiT kontaqtis gamomxatveli sferoebia. rac ufro kargad aqvs adamians
ganviTarebuli azrovneba, miT ufro Rrma kavSirSia, kontaqtSia igi sakuTar TavTan
da gare realobasTan. rodenis skulptura `moazrovne~ kargad gamoxatavs im
kontaqts, romelic azrovnebis saSualebiT adamiansa da gare samyaros Soris
iqmneba. azrovneba nevrotuli dacviTi reaqciisgan gansxvavebiT, realobasTan
kontaqts, misi meSveobiT sakuTari SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas
emsaxureba. amisgan gansxvavebiT nevrotuli qcevis dros adamiani gaurbis
realobasTan mniSvnelovan, saWiro kontaqts. amiT igi ganridebas, gaqcevas

20
anxorcielebs. gamocdil geStalt Terapevts unari aqvs, gaarCios Tu romel
process aqvs adgili.
adamians, roca cudi mxedveloba an smena aqvs, bunebrivia, rom amis gamo
garemosTan sruli kontaqti uZneldeba. magram SegrZnebis modalobis srulyofili
funqcionireba jer kidev ar niSnavs, rom is yovelTvis kargad aRiqvams gare
realobas. janmrTeli Tvali SeiZleba ver xedavdes da janmrTel yurs ar
esmodes Tu ra xdeba realobaSi.
adamianTa umravlesobisTvis wamyvani vizualuri modalobaa. uSualo
kontaqtisas rodesac raimes vuyurebT, Cven iSviaTad vacnobierebT Tu rogor
moqmedebs Cveni Tvali. ra motoruli aqtivoba mimdinareobs. arada, Cveni Tvali isea
mowyobili, rom pasiur, gaxelil mdgomareobaSi masze aisaxeba da vxedavT sivrcis
farTo nawils. mas unari aqvs koncentrirdes, fokusSi moaqcios, gamokveTos
garkveuli obieqti. am dros sivrcis danarCeni nawili, bundovnad, arafokusirebul
fonad aRiqmeba. am dros foni dakvirvebis obieqti ar aris, Tumca gamoukveTavi
saxiT mainc aRiqmeba. Tvals Cveni ZalisxmeviT SeuZlia sivrcis, fonis sxva obieqti
moaqcios fokusSi, gamokveTos igi. am dros, manamde figurad arsebuli obieqti
fonSi gadadis. amgvarad, adamianis Tvali figura-fonis monacvleobiT aRiqvams
garemos. ori Tvalis paraleluri moqmedebiT obieqtis fokusSi amoReba,
refleqsurad, gaucnobiereblad xdeba, Tumca xolo figuris da fonis cvalebadoba
cnobierebiT warimarTeba. adamianis Tvali, rogorc organo aRWurvilia
kontaqtisaTvis. maSin ra xdeba, roca obieqtis aRma mizanmimarTuli kontaqtis
meSveobiT ver, an ar xorcieldeba? am dros Cveni Tvali, misi unari arafer SuaSia,
Tavad Cven vakeTebT iseT rames, rac xels uSlis kontaqts. aseTi aramizanSewonili
qcevis magaliTia garkveuli adamianis mier kontaqtis procesSi obieqtisTvis
Tvalis arideba.
amgvari qceva tipiuria, SiSisa da xifaTis dros, rodesac obieqti xedvis
fokusSia, magram adamians ar surs misi aRqma, radgan surs rom ganeridos. aseT
situaciaSi adeqvaturi iqneba, Tuki saSiSi obieqti xedvis fokusSi moeqceva, xolo
mis mimarT qceva ganridebiTi iqneba. xSirad imis magivrad, rom qceva ganridebiTi
iyos, adamiani fokusSi ar aqcevs saSiS obieqts. aseTi qceva siraqlemas reaqcias
hgavs, rodesac is saSiSroebis situaciaSi Tavs qviSaSi rgavs, xolo misi tani ki
kargad Cans. roca adamianebi cxovrebaSi siraqlemasaviT iqcevian, anu ganridebiTi
qcevis magier mzeras arideben obieqts, amiT mizanSewonil qcevas ver
anxorcieleben. xSiri gameorebis SemTxvevaSi aseTi qceva fiqsirdeba da saxezea
dacviTi meqanizmi, romelic realobasTan kontaqts ar emsaxureba. aseT dacviT
meqanizms geStalt TerapiaSi difleqsia hqvia. am dros adamianis mzera obieqtze ki
ar aris koncentrirebuli, aramed mis zeviT an qveviT, ise rom igi fokusSi ver
eqceva da amis gamo masTan kontaqti ar xerxdeba.
meore damabrkolebeli qceva vizualur sferoSi, rac aZnelebs kontaqts, esaa
Tvalis, mzeris erT adgilze gaCereba-gaSeSeba. mdgomareoba, romelSic albaT
yvela aRmoCenila da romelsac e. w. `gaSterebis~ epiTetiT movixseniebT. am dros
miuxedavad imisa, rom adamiani obieqts uyurebs, misi mzera arabunebrivad uZravi,

21
moqmedebas, `sicocxles moklebulia~. am donis mzera moklebulia im SeumCnevel
moZraobas, romliTac Cveulebriv obieqti TvaliT mimoivleba ise, rom igi ar
gamodis dakvirvebis sferodan. Sedegad Tvalis obieqtze gaSeSebisas iseve ikargeba
aRsaqmeli sagani, rogorc Tvalis aridebisas. am dros aRqma TiTqos formalurad,
umoqmedod mimdinareobs, rac kontaqts SeuZlebels xdis. gaSeSebuli mzeris dros
blokirebulia Tvalis kunTebi, romelic cocxali mzerisas, piriqiT, aqtiurad
muSaoben. gaSeSebuli mzera im adamianSi romliskenac isaa mimarTuli, usiamovno
diskomforts iwvevs, qmnis STabeWdilebas imis msgavss, TiTqos erTi da igive
sityvas ucvlelad daJinebiT gimeoreben, ris gamoc urTierToba momabezrebeli da
uazro xdeba.
amgvari mzeris mizezi aRzrdaSi daSvebuli Secdomebidan modis. xSirad
ufrosebi bavSvebs maTi cnobismoyvareobisaTvis sjian, tipiuria, bavSvisTvis iseTi
obieqtebis Tvalierebis akrZalva, rac mSoblis, maswavleblis azriT maT ar
esaWiroeba. SeniSvna saiT iyurebi, ras miSterebixar, ras uyureb, xSirad
gamoiyeneba, rogorc datuqsvis forma. swored amgvari dasjisgan Tavdacvaa erTis
mxriv, Tvalis arideba, xolo meores mxriv, mzeris gaSeSeba. saboloo jamSi, orive,
urTierTobaSi kontaqtis ar arsebobaze mianiSnebs, romlis drosac obieqti
ikargeba, ar Cans.
mosmena adamianis garemosTan kontaqtSi Sesvlis mniSvelovani formaa. mosmenaze,
Cvens kulturaSi, iseTi zedapiruli STabeWdilebaa Seqmnili, TiTqos is pasiuri
procesi iyos, radgan amgvar qcevas gansakuTrebuli gareganad gamoxatuli aqtivoba
ar axlavs Tan. sinamdvileSi ki, es metad aqtiuri procesia. igi specifikur
koncentrirebas moiTxovs, es iqneba musikaluri koncertis aRqma, Tu leqciis
mosmena. yuradRebis specifikidan gamomdinare, doskomforts qmnis erTdroulad
ori adamianis laparaki, radgan an erTs unda daugdo yuri an meores _ orivesTan
erTdroulad kontaqtis damyareba SeuZlebelia.
adamianebi erTmaneTisgan imiTac gansxvavdebian, Tu rogor usmenen. isini
sxvadasxva rames aqceven yuradRebas: xmis intonacias, tembrs, Sinaarsobriv mxares,
emociur gamoxatulebas da a. S. amasTan es sruliad araa damokidebuli Tavad
yurze, mis agebulebaze, aramed pirovnebaze. rodesac adamiani laparakobs mas
aqtiur rols miaweren, xolo maSin, rodesac gaCumebulia da usmens pasiurs, es
miuxedavad imisa, rom is SeiZleba aqtiurad iyos CarTuli mosmenis procesSi.
amgvari Sefaseba arasworia. Tumca arian iseTebic, romlebsac Cveulebad aqvT:
laparakSi Tavisi azrs gamoxataven, xolo pauzebSi sxvis azrs ar usmenen. tipiuri
situaciaa, rodesac gacxarebuli kamaTisas TiToeuls imdenad unda Seavsos pauza
laparakiT, rom ar ucdis, ar usmens partniors da Sedegad ori adamiani gabmulad,
erTdroulad laparakobs. yvelasTvis cnobili Serlok holmsi sxvebisgan imiT
gamoirCeoda, rom ara marto kargad akvirdeboda adamianebs, aramed kargad usmenda
maT.
Cvens kulturaSi Sexeba yvelaze kargad asocirdeba kontaqtSi SesvlasTan.
Sexeba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT obieqtTan miaxlovebis, uSualo urTierTobis

22
aRmniSvnelia, Tumca am sityvas gadataniTi mniSvnelobiTac vxmarobT, rodesac
vambobT _ Sevexe borotebas, sikeTes, sinamdviles an raime abstraqtul movlenas.
Sexeba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT obieqtTan kanis receftorebiT kontaqts
aRniSnavs. SexebiT Cven SevigrZnobT sagnis temperaturas, formas, zedapiris
sigluves, Semadgenlobas, simyares, Txevadobas. es mniSvnelovani informacia
garemos Sesaxeb, romelic uSualod kanis kontaqtiT miiRweva. fizikuri tkivili da
moferebiTi siamovneba, aseve kanze SexebiT gamowveuli mniSvnelovani SegrZnebebia.
adamiani ramdenad adeqvaturad iRebs Sexebis meSveobiT informacias da iyenebs Tu
ara kontaqtis am formas, amazea damokidebuli mniSvnelovani sasicocxlo
procesebis mimdinareoba.
bavSvis aRzrdis procesSi xSirad xdeba SexebiT kontaqtTan dakavSirebuli
akrZalva. rogorc avRniSneT akrZalva: `nu uyureb, nu usmen~ xSirad gamoiyeneba
ufrosebis mxridan. kidev ufro mkacrad kontroldeba da isjeba bavSvis
arasasurvel obieqtTan Sexeba. es SeiZleba iyos cxeli, Zvirfasi, msxvrevadi sagani,
romelsac ufrosebi ufrTxildebian. Sexebis akrZalva vrceldeba sxva adamianebze,
cxovelebze, aseve sakuTari sxeulis nawilebzec. gansakuTrebiT sxeulis intimur
adgilebze, genitaliebze. roca amgvari Sexeba isjeba, fsiqikaSi is fiqsirdeba,
rogorc akrZaluli, miuRebeli qceva, ris gamoc Sexebis didi moTxovnilebac rom
hqondes, adamians asociaciurad dasjis gaxsenebisas maSinve usiamovno SegrZnebebi
daeufleba. Sedegad, Sexebis survilic iblokeba, qreba. adamianebi, romlebsac
msgavsi Seferxebebi aqvT ver amyareben sxvebTan maTTvis saWiro urTierTobebs. es
gansakuTrebiT mwvaved Cans sapirispiro sqesTan mimarTebaSi. intimuri, seqsualuri
urTierToba aucileblad moiTxovs fizikur Sexebas. am mxriv, SexebasTan
dakavSirebuli problemis mqone adamianebi frigidulad moqmedeben an akrZalvis
gamo sapirispirod zedmetad agznebul reaqciebs avlenen. orive saxis qceva
normisgan gadaxras warmoadgens. Sedegad, bunebrivi moTxovnileba blokirebulia;
sasurveli qceva ver xorcieldeba.
Cvengan gansxvavebiT dasavlur, kerZod amerikul kulturaSi adamianebi kidev
ufro distacirebulni, izolirebulni arian. amerikul sazogadoebaSi SexebiT
kontaqti imdenad tabuirebulia, rom mamakacs qalTan, qalis qalTan, mamakacis
mamakacTan an bavSvTan SeCereba mudmivi eWvis TvaliT orazrovnad aRiqmeba.
amerikul kulturaSi distancia adamianebs Soris supermarketis rigSi, Tu
ubralo saubrisas, imdenad didia, rom SemTxveviT Sexebas gamoricxavs, xolo Tu
erTi meores SemTxveviT mainc Seexo `damnaSaves~ udidesi bodiSebi aqvs mosaxdeli,
sxvis sivrceSi arakanonieri SeWrisaTvis.
geStalt Terapia SexebiT kontaqtis aRdgenas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs. amgvari
problemis daZlevis Sedegad adamiani axerxebs cru kulturuli, Tavsmoxveuli
Sexedulebebisgan davis daRwevas, rac fsevdointeleqtualuri identifikaciebidan
momdinareobs.
pirovnebaTSoris kontaqtis damyarebaSi umniSvnelovanesi roli eniWeba
adamianis metyvelebas, xmas da enas. xmas gaaCnia melodiuroba, gamomxatveloba,
romelic urTierTobaSi bevr niuanss gadascems. sasiamovno xmis tembriT,

23
melodiurobiT, subieqtisadmi mimarTulebis mqone da mniSvnelovan Sinaarsebze
aqcentirebuli xma kontaqtis simebis gabmelia. maRalmxatvrulad wakiTxuli leqsi,
nawarmoebi mniSvnelovani efeqtis matarebelia. amis sapirispirod aris xma,
romelic am yvelafers moklebulia, is TiTqos mkvdari, uferuli, mSralia. aseTi
metyvelebis adamiani partniors ver gadascems im Sinaarss, romelic surs, rom
miawodos. xmis melodiuroba kargad Cans ara marto laparakSi, aramed emociaTa
gamovlenaSi, magaliTad, sicilSi da tirilSi. specialuri varjiSis Sedegad
SesaZlebelia xmis Sinaganad aJRereba, gamdidreba, rac pirovnuli cvlilebis
Sedegia.
urTierTobaSi, kontaqtSi, ena romliTac vmetyvelebT xelis Semwyobic SeiZleba
iyos da xelis SemSlelic. daxvewil enas zustad SeuZlia miitanos azri meore
adamianamde, magram arian iseTebic, romlebsac am mxriv problemebi aqvT. adamiani,
romelic metyvelebisas xSirad iyenebs Jargons, misi meSveobiT Tavs aridebs im
individualur samuSaos, romelic kontaqtis gasabmeladaa saWiro. Jargoni akninebs,
aucxoebs mimarTebas, Sedegad amgvari adamiani kargavs individualur saxes. adamiani
amiT masis, umralesobis fasadis ukan imaleba da Tavs aridebs kontaqts.
mravalsityvaoba aseve adamianebTan kontaqtis gawyvetis erT-erTi formaa. albaT,
TiToeul CvenTagans mousmenia tribunasTan mdgomi politikosisTvis, romelic
gabmulad, gauTaveblad laparakobs ise, rom am laparakiT gverds uvlis
mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, romlebic koncentrirebas, gadaWras saWiroebs. aseT
SemTxvevaSi, bevri laparaki saqmis keTebis iluzias qmnis, sinamdvileSi ki, swored
kontaqtis Tavis aridebaa.
arian adamianebi, romlebic Jargonis msgavsad urTierTobaSi mecnierul
terminologias iyeneben, maTi laparaki imaze ar aris mimarTuli, rom gaugon,
aramed cdilobs inteleqtualis imijis Seqmnas. amgvari urTierTobac xels
uSlis kontaqts.
kontaqts aZnelebs laparakis kidev erTi forma, yoveli ambavis Tavidan
bolomde moyolis taqtika, rodesac adamiani cdilobs daiwyos Tavidan da gavides
bolomde; aseT adamianebs ukvirT, rodesac amgvari daumTavrebeli monologi
msmenelSi mobezrebas iwvevs. arian iseTebi, romlebic xSirad imeoreben partnioris
naTqvam bolo sityvebs, an kiTxvaze pasuxis magivrad, kiTxviTve pasuxoben, rac aseve
kontaqtis Sewyvetas iwvevs. metyvelebis zemoT CamoTvlili formebisgan
gansxvavebiT enis meSveobiT TviTgamoxatva SeiZleba iqces WeSmariti Semoqmedebis
aqtad, romelic aaxlovebs adamianebs; aRrmavebs saTqmels, mis Sinaarss.
sxeulis moZraobas, Jestikulacias, pozas, mimikas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba
kontaqtis damyarebaSi. cxovrebaSi mravali situaciaa, roca adamianTa Soris
kavSirs sxeulis ena ganapirobebs. vilhelm raixi udides mniSvnelobas aniWebda
sxeulis enas. misi azriT, fsiqo-fizikuri problemebi maSin Cndeba, rodesac
adamiani sxeulis im moZraobebis blokirebas axdens, romelic energiis
ganmuxtvasTanaa dakavSirebuli. mkacri, arahumanuri aRzrda xSirad ayalibebs
qcevebs, Trgunavs mimikas, Jestebs, sxeulis Tavisufal moZraobebs. anu, mas rac
bunebrivia adamianisTvis. swored Jestebisa da moZraobebis mkacr kulturul

24
CarCoSi Casma iwvevs adamiansa da garemos Soris kontaqtis darRvevas. siarulisa
da moZraobis garda mjdomare adamianis pozac bevrs ambobs Tavad adamianze. rogor
zis adamiani SeboWili, fexi-fexze gadadebuli, xelebi gadajaWvuli, win
mosaubrisken gadaxrili, skamis zurgsmiyrdnobili, kunTebdaWimuli Tu pasiurad
moSvebuli, misi poza bevrs metyvelebs garemosTan kontaqtsa, Tu ganridebaze.
rodesac adamiani flobs sxeuls, naTlad SeigrZnobs sakuTar aqtualur
moZraobebs, saxis mimikidan dawyebuli fexis TiTebiT damTavrebuli. aseTi adamiani
grZnobs Tu ra Tavisuflebas aniWebs mas sxeuli. garemosTan mimarTebaSi sxeulis
zedmetad kontroli SeboWiloba-daTrgunulobas iwvevs. kulturuli stereotipebis
gamo, mamakaci xSirad zedmetad akontrolebs moZraobebs, magaliTad, welis areSi,
qveda tanSi, rom feminurni ar gamoCndnen.
qalebi aseve xSirad boWaven sakuTar moZraobas, imis SiSiT, rom zedmetad
seqsualuri ar gamoCndnen da amiT msubuqi yofaqcevis qalis STabeWdileba ar
datovon. sxeulis moZraobaTa mudmivad amgvari SeboWva-kontroli raixis
terminologiiT `sxeulis javSnis~ Camoyalibebas iwvevs, rac xels uSlis fizikuri
energiis ganmuxtvas, rac aZnelebs garemosTan kontaqts.
ynosva da gemo SegrZnebis mniSvnelovani modalobebia, romlebic garemosTan
kontaqtSi gvexmareba. miuxedavad amisa, civilizaciam sakmaod daaknina am
SegrZnebaTa sasicocxlo mniSvneloba. cxovelebs CvenTan SedarebiT gamZafrebuli
aqvT es SegrZnebebi, maTi meSveobiT isini sasicocxlo problemebs agvareben. Tu
rogor SeigrZnobs mtacebeli msxverplis suns amazea damokidebuli misi yofna-
aryofna da piriqiT, msxverpli igrZnobs Tu ara mtris suns, romelic mas epareba,
amazea damokidebuli misi gadarCena. civilizebuli adamiani raRa Tqma unda, suniT
aRar eZebs sakvebs. saWmeli produqti, romelic SefuTulia, moklebulia suns.
supermarketSi sayid produqts gemos aravin usinjavs, amis magivrad, yuradRebiT
kiTxuloben informacias mis Sesaxeb. ynosva mxolod eqstremalur SemTxvevebSi Tu
xdeba gamosayenebeli, magaliTad, xom ar ipareba Rumelidan gazi da xom ar
moiwamlebi? an agarakze moxvedrisas gansxvavebuli haeris CasasunTqad. sxva uamrav
yofiT situaciaSi kulturidan gamomdinare Cven vebrZviT bunebriv suns. sxeulze
visxamT sunamos, oTaxSi dezodorantebs vapkurebT, rom movspoT arsebuli suni.
faqtiurad suni xelisSemSleli xdeba da masTan aerozolebiT brZola
mimdinareobs. kargi ynosvis unaris mqone adamianebi Cveulebriv diskomfortSi
imyofebian, radgan mudmivad Sewuxebulni arian im surneliT, romelic maT
garSemoa. adamianTa umravlesoba ar sunavs sxvas an sakuTar Tavs. amgvari kontaqti
maTTvis miuRebeli da usiamovnoa. is rac cxovelebSi normaluri da aucilebelia
Cvens kulturaSi araesTetikurad iTvleba. amis gamo ynosva da gemo sul ufro da
ufro kargavs garemosTan uSualo kontaqtis funqcias.
parfiumeriis, stereotipuli surneliT sakuTari unikaluri surnelis dafarva
xdeba. miuxedavad amisa, garemosTan kargi kontaqti am modalobebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia.

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 kontaqti da mZlavri emociebi

rodesac ori-sami saaTi masTan vzivar,

vtkbebi misi silamaziT, graciiT, Cemi gancdebi TandaTan daZabulobis
mwvervals aRweven.
TvalT mibneldeba, TiTqmis aRar mesmis,
raRac Camavlebs yelSi da sasikvdilod miWers, xolo guli mtkivneuli
dartymebiT cdilobs upovnos grZnobebs gamosavali.
amiT ki, mxolod amZafrebs vnebaTaRelvas.
aseT wuTebSi aRar maxsovs Cemi Tavi.

iohan volfgang goeTe

`axalgazrda verteris vnebani~

arseboben emociuri mdgomareobebi, romlebic adamianze mZlavri zegavlenis

mqonea. aseTTa rigs miekuTvneba siyvaruli, SeSliloba da siZulvili. TiToeuli,
adamianisTvis mZlavr emociur stress warmoadgens, romelic cvlis Cveul
mimarTebas absoluturad yvelaferTan. aseTi movlenebi `me~-s Cveul sazRvrebs
gaqrobiT emuqrebian. meores mxriv, isini pirovnebis Sinagan rezervTa gaaqtiurebas
iwveven, rac pirovnuli zrdis, aqtualizebis pirobad SeiZleba iqces. es faqtorebi
pirovnebis ganviTarebisTvis xelSemwyobic SeiZleba aRmoCndes da damangrevelic.
gamonaTqvami: siyvaruli an agaSenebs, an dagRupavs, naTlad gamoxatavs am
faqtoris rols adamianis realobaSi, garemosTan kontaqtSi. samive am
mdgomareobaze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom isini warmoiSvnen pirovnebaze momxdari
mZlavri zemoqmedebis Sedegad. es iwvevs `me~-s deformacias, rac pirovnebis mxridan
Sesabamisad gamovlindeba. imisda mixedviT, Tu rogor gamoxatavs maT es grZnobebi
adamianisTvis xelisSemSlelic SeiZleba gaxdes da xelisSemwyobic.
siyvaruls mravali gamoxatuleba aqvs. is SeiZleba iyos megobruli, flirtis
formis, seqsualuri TamaSis saxis, romantiuli meocnebe, emociebiT savse, Slegi,
erTgulebiTa da movaleobebiT aRsavse. amas garda siyvarulis grZnobam SeiZleba
gaiaros mravali formis gradacia, daiwyos interesiT, emociuri aforiaqebiT da
gadavides mijaWvulobaSi da erTgulebaSi. siyvaruli araa mimarTuli mxolod erT
adamianze, sxvadasxva adamianis mimarT is gansxvavebuli formiT SeiZleba
gamomJRavndes, magaliTad, meuRlis, megobris, Svilis, naTesavis, popularuli
adamianis, fsiqoTerapevtis mimarT da a. S. rodesac siyvaruls mkveTri afeqtis
gamomwvevi forma aqvs adamianisTvis mniSvnelovania, rom SeZlos gaacnobieros
ramdenad kavSirSia es grZnoba sakuTar damoukideblobasTan. rogor SeuZlia Tavis
Sekaveba, ra mimarTebaSia es grZnoba seqsualobasTan. adamiani SeiZleba sakuTari
CarCoebidan gamomdinare ewinaaRmdegebodes _ ebrZodes siyvaruls, an amis
sapirispirod SeiZleba sruli umoqmedoba-ukontrolobaSi vardebodes.
fsiqoTerapiis dros didi mniSvneloba eTmoba, rom adamianma sakuTar pirovnul

26
filtrSi moaxerxos gaataros es grZnoba da igi `me~-s srulyofa zrdis wyarod
aqcios.
siZulvili mZlavri emociuri mdgomareobaa, romelic damangrevlad aisaxeba
adamianis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, mis qcevaSi. geStalt Terapia mas ganixilavs,
rogorc gamouxatav Sinagan mdgomareobas, romelic adamians xels uSlis
garemosTan kontaqtSi.
adamians eSinia dagrovili siZulvilis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis, radgan SiSi
aqvs imis, rac man SeiZleba moitanos. rodesac fantaziaSi is warmoadgens Tu
rogor avlens am grZnobas mSobelTan an sayvarel adamianTan, mas koSmari ipyrobs.
is vinc siZulvils atarebs ormag safrTxes ganicdis. Tu is ecdeba damalos es
grZnoba, maSin amgvari maskirebisa da kontrolis gamo mudmiv diskomfortSi
aRmoCndeba. amis sapirispirod, Tu gadawyvita ar Seikavos da gamoxatos siZulvili,
maSin uxeSi konfliqtis monawile xdeba, rac aranakleb usiamovnoa. amasTan
siZulvili Tavis gamovlinebebSi sxvadasxva formebs iRebs, riTac adamians
aTasgvar xifaTs uqmnis. siZulvili me-s mTlianobasac emuqreba, misi sazRvrebis
dangreviT. jgufur TerapiaSi, specialuri muSaoba xdeba siZulvilis, agresiis
gamosaxatavad. ra Tqma unda, arasworia sworxazovani moTxovna, rom siZulviliT
daTrgunulma adamianma ecados cxovrebaSi gamoxatos Tavisi emocia. jgufuri
Treiningis dros siZulvilis gamoxatva specialuri muSaobis Semdeg ise unda
momwifdes, rom gamoxatva kulminacias warmoadgendes, Tan is ise unda
ganxorcieldes, rom emociur ganTavisuflebas Zaladoba da msxverpli ar mohyves.
SeSlilobis SiSi adamianis bunebis siRrmeSi binadrobs. es SiSi gansakuTrebiT
maT aqvT gamZafrebuli, visi dacvis meTodebi da formebi realobaSi arsebuli
viTarebis adeqvaturia. magaliTad, adamians, romelsac halucinaciebi aqvs,
yvelafers cdilobs, rom maTi realoba daamtkicos, da amiT igi sakuTari fsiqikur
janmrTelobas icavs. es problema yvelas axasiaTebs, visi me-s sazRvrebis
arsebobac eWvqveS dgeba. am dros adamians cxovrebaSi sakuTari arsebobis,
ZiriTadi orientirebis mudam eWvqveS dayeneba uxdeba. yvelaferi Tavdayira dgeba,
adamiani TiTqos fexqveS.sayrden miwas kargavs. SeSlilobis gancdas adgili aqvs,
rodesac zRvargadasuli mRelvarebis dros adamiani rwmundeba sakuTar
sisuleleSi, rodesac misi Sexeduleba ar emTxveva umaRlesi avtoritetebis azrs
da a. S.
adamiani Cveulebriv komfortulad grZnobs Tavs, rodesac misi sazRvrebi
myaradaa daculi da misi realobasTan kontaqti moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas
iwvevs. magram cxovrebis, bolomde winaswarmetyveleba SeuZlebelia, yvelafris
winaswar gaTvla, gaangariSeba aravis ar ZaluZs. amitom, SeSliloba yovelTvis
cudi ar aris, xolo yvelaferSi windaxeduli qceva yovelTvis ar amarTlebs.
magaliTad, omis dros riskiani operaciis Catarebas SeSlilobasTan axlo myofi
adamiani ufro SeZlebs, vidre is vinc yovel nabijs skurpulozurad Tvlis da
spontanur moqmedebebs gaqanebas ar aZlevs. anu zogjer aris cxovrebiseuli
situaciebi, rodesac riski, sikvdil-sicocxlis zRvarze dayeneba gamarTlebulia.
arian adamianebi, romlebic aseT riskze wamsvlelebi arian da gadarCebian, xolo

27
garkveul eqstremalur situaciebSi vinc ar gaswevs saTanado risks ver gadarCeba.
Cveulebriv, aseT riskian saqciels moiTxovs cxovrebis revoluciuri,
eqstremaluri periodebi. ra xdeba am dros pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT? is adamianebi,
romlebic cxovrebaSi riskze ar midian, imdenad ufrTxian TavianTi me-s sazRvrebis
Secvlas, anu SeSlilobas, rom xist, mouqnel, myar CarCoSi svamen sakuTar Tavs da
amiT TavianT arsebobas boWaven. amisgan gansxvavebiT, adamiani romelic cxovrebis
sirTulidan gamomdinare ar ufrTxis SeSlilobas da situaciidan gamomdinare
mzadaa Setopos am mimarTulebiT, amgvari qceviT ifarTovebs sakuTar gamocdilebas
sakuTar `me~-s sazRvrebs. misi me ufro moqnili da cxovrebasTan adaptirebuli
xdeba.
SeSlilobis SiSis daZlevis ZiriTadi saSualeba simamacea, romlis meSveobiTac
adamians SeuZlia fokusSi moaqcios Zalian saSiSi obieqtic, im rwmeniT, rom ZaluZs
masTan kontaqti da amasTan sakuTari `me~ sazRvrebis SenarCunebac. kidev erTi
upiratesobac arsebobs, rodesac ar arsebobs mkacri tabu _ SiSi adamians SeuZlia
airCios Tu ra gaakeTos da ra ara. gadawyvetileba sakuTari Tavisufali
arCevnidan, gamocdilebidan momdinareobs da ara gaucnobierebeli, bundovani
akrZalva-tabudan. amgvarad, SeSlilobis zRvris gadalaxvis SiSis arqona
garkveulwilad mudmivi, usasrulo mimarTulebiT pirovnuli zrdis wyarosac
warmoadgens.

kontaqtis procesi
sintaqsisi

cudi dasawyisi _ cudi dasasrulia

inglisuri andaza

mniSvnelovania gavacnobieroT, Tu rogor mimdinareobs kontaqtis procesi. igi

pirovnebas da garemos Soris arsebuli sazRvris gacnobierebaa. kontaqti sakuTari
velis gancdaa. esaa organizmis SemoqmedebiTi morgeba garemosTan. swored
kontaqtis meSveobiT xdeba garemos garkveuli nawilis asimilacia da amasTanave
sakuTari gansxvavebulobis SenarCuneba.
adamianis moqmedeba, funqcionireba axali geStaltebis Seqmnisa da Zvelis
daSlis process warmoadgens, romelic `kontaqtis ciklis~ saxels atarebs, masSi
asaxulia Tu ra saxiT Sedis organizmi kontaqtSi garemosTan. organizmsa da
garemos Soris mimdinare kontaqtis procesi pirobiTad oTx fazad SeiZleba
davyoT, romelic kontaqtis procesis Tanmimdevrobas asaxavs. frangi geStalt
Terapevtis Jan mari robinsis mixedviT es aris: kontaqtamdeli faza, kontaqtireba,
finaluri kontaqti da kontaqtis Semdgomi faza.
pirveli kontaqtamdeli fazaa. is sxeulSi mimdinare procesia, romelic figura-
fonis TvalsazrisiT fons ukavSirdeba. sxeulSi warmoiqmneba SegrZnebebi,

28
romlebic adamianis mniSvnelovan aqtualur moTxovnilebebs warmoaCens. aqtualoba
swored drois am momentisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. organizmSi Tavs iCens
disbalansi; wonasworoba anu homeostazi darRveulia. Sesabamisad, adamianis mxriv,
garemoze dakvirveba, seleqcia xdeba; kans gareT realobidan iwyebs formirebas
axali geStalti, romelic aRZruli disbalansis aRmdgeni, moTxovnilebis
damakmayofilebeli SeiZleba gaxdes. es geStalti iwyebs Camoyalibebas; sul ufro
da ufro mkveTri konturebis miRebiT, fonidan gamoyofa-diferencirebiT. am
stadiaze problemebi im adamianebs eqmnebaT, romlebsac ar aqvT geStaltis naTeli,
mkafio konturebis formirebis unari. amis Semdeg dgeba kontaqtirebis faza,
romelSiac procesi Ziebis saxiT warimarTeba. organizmSi aRZrulia moTxovnileba.
igi konturebis mqone geStalts warmoqmnis, gamokveTilia danarCeni fonidan,
romlidanac energias, impulss iRebs. arsebuli kontaqtis mqone figura moqmedebas
iwyebs gare realobaSi arsebul resursebTan identifikaciiT; maTi mizidviT, an
ganzidviT. is rac akmayofilebs moTxovnilebas miizideba, xolo rac ara _
ganizideba. Semdeg modis finaluri kontaqtis faza. am periodisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia garemoSi moTxovnilebis dasakmayofilebeli figuris warmoqmna,
romelic mkafio konturebiT gamoeyofa danarCen fons. xdeba subieqtsa da gare
obieqts Soris finaluri, mTliani kontaqtis ganxorcieleba. am dros Zveli
sazRvari irRveva da axali ikveTeba. TiTqos droebiT ikargeba subieqtic da
obieqtic. isini axal mTlianobas warmoiSoben. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, `me~-sa da
`Sen~-s emarTebaT, is rac maT `Cven~-ad aqcevs. am dros `me~ Tavs obieqtis nawilad
ver acnobierebs. xdeba konfliqti, rac kontaqts arTulebs. rogorc avRniSneT,
finaluri kontaqtis msvlelobaSi gaixsna `me~-s sazRvari, xolo am fazaSi xdeba
sazRvris daxurva, momxdaris Sedegis asimilireba. aRar arsebobs figura da foni,
droebiT, Semdgom ciklamde araferi aRar ganicdeba aqtualurad. pirobiTad ase
SeiZleba aRvweroT kontaqtis procesis oTxi faza.
amerikeli geStalt Terapevti irvin polsteri kontaqtis process
gansxvavebulad aRwers, mas sintaqsisis terminiT aRniSnavs. sintaqsisi, kontaqtis
epizodebis Tanmimdevroba rva pirobiT etaps moicavs. esaa kontaqtis procesis erTi
mTliani cikli.
1. moTxovnilebis aRmoCena;
2. moTxovnilebis gaSlis mcdeloba;
3. Sinagani brZolisTvis mobilizacia;
4. problemuri Temis gamokveTa, romelic aerTianebs moTxovnilebas da
winaaRmdegobas;
5. Cixi;
6. kaTarzisi;
7. ganaTeba;
8. gaTaviseba.
polsterTan es epizodebi fsiqoTerapevtis muSaobis saWiro Tanmimdevrobas
asaxavs, Tu raze da rodis gaamaxvilos man yuradReba. es fsiqoTerapevtisTvis
pirobiTi instruqtaJia. sintaqsisi anu rva epizodis erToblioba drois

29
TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba wamebi, zogjer ki Tveebi grZeldebodes. arsebobs
moTxovnilebebi, romelTa dakmayofilebac yovelgvari Zalisxmevis gareSe imdenad
swrafad xdeba, rom adamiani verc acnobierebs. magaliTad, viRacis uecari xumroba
gagacinebT, Sedegad, yovelgvari Zaldatanebis gareSe karg gunebaze dgebiT. amis
sapirispirod, aris moTxovnilebebi, romelTa dakmayofilebac didi siZneleebis
gadalaxvas da Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.
sintaqsisis pirveli epizodia moTxovnilebis aRmoCena. moTxovnileba ibadeba
uwonasworobidan individSi arsebuli qaosidan. rogorc avRniSneT zogi
moTxovnileba maSinve yovelgvar Zalisxmevis gareSe kmayofildeba, umravlesi
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba ki siZneleTa gadalaxvisTanaa dakavSirebuli.
garkveuli moTxovnilebebi, gadaulaxav siZneleTa gamo daukmayofilebeli rCeba.
meore etapia moTxovnilebis gaSlis mcdeloba. zog adamianma kargad icis Tu ra
moTxovnileba aqvs, ra unda, ra sWirdeba. arian adamianebi, romelTac ara aqvT
naTlad garkveuli, Tu ra surT, ra awuxebT, risken undaT warmarTon sakuTari
Tavi. zogierTebma icis sakuTari moTxovilebis Sesaxeb, magram ar surT misi
saaSkaraoze gamotana, am procesis gacnobiereba. arian adamianebi, romlebic
sruliad ugulvelyofen moTxovnilebebs, TiTqos maT araferi ar surT da ar
undaT. sxvadasxva adamiani am safexurze sxvadasxva siZneles awydeba, imisda
mixedviT, Tu ramdenad mzadaa am etapisTvis.
mesame da meoTxe stadiis epizodebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Sinagani brZola,
romelic mesame safexurze gaucnobiereblad urTierTdapirispirebul Zalebs Soris
mimdinareobs, xolo meoTxe etapze adamians moeTxoveba naTlad gamoxatos da
gaacnobieros, Tu risi ganxorcielebac surs. amasTanave, man unda gaarkvios ra
winaaRmdegobas aRZravs masSi moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba; ra Zalebi dganan
`barikadebis~ urTierTsawinaaRmdego mxares.
mexuTe epizodi warmoaCens siZneles, romlis daZlevac aRmoCenis gakeTebas
saWiroebs. SemoqmedebiToba, axlis qmnis niWi da unari yvelaze metad adamians am
safexurze sWirdeba. Cixi aRniSnavs epizods, rodesac banalurad, Cveuli gziT svliT
SeuZlebelia moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba. Cixi krizisis aRmniSvnelia, magram mas
sargebelic aqvs, radgan rom ara es gasaWiri, adamians ar eqneboda Zalisxmevisa
kreatiulobis gamovlenis saWiroeba. sirTuleebis daZleva pirovnuli warmatebisa da
winsvlis winapirobas qmnis.
meeqvse epizodia kaTarzisi. mdgomareoba, romelic im gancdebiTa da
kmayofilebiTaa datvirTuli, romelic Cixidan gamosvlas, daZlevas, gamarjvebas
gamoxatavs. esaa warmatebis situaciis sakuTar gamocdilebaSi Semotana, axali
STabeWdileba, romelic meSvide etapTanaa gadajaWvuli. sakuTari Tavis axleburad,
SemZled, gamarjvebulad danaxva. am SegrZnebiT da gamocdilebiT Cans gansxvaveba
Tu adamianma ra gaakeTa, rogor moaxerxa, rac manamde ar gamosdioda. am etapze
ukve faseulad, TviTmyofadad ganicdeba.
merve etapi sakuTari axali TviTgancdis ganmtkicebas warmoadgens garemoSi,
romelSiac mas uwevs cxovreba, rac ganmtkicebaa im STabeWdilebis, rom momxdari
pirovnuli cvlilebebi realuri, mniSvnelovani da faseulia. sintaqsisis epizodebze

30
geStalt Terapevtis mxridan yuradRebis gamaxvileba, klients saSualebas aZlevs
warmatebiT gaiaros es gza.

urTierTsapirispo ZalTa erTianoba

morcxv katas trabaxa Tagvi hyavs

inglisuri andaza

urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa erTianoba geStalt Terapiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi

postulatia. garemosTan urTierTobaSi Cveni aRqmis organizireba
urTierTsapirispiro movlenebidan gamomdinareobs. geStalt Terapiis mixedviT
pirovnebac am principiTaa organizebuli. es imas niSnavs, rom Cveni `me~
urTierTsapirispiro erTmaneTisTvis polaruli nawilebis TanaarsebobiT iqmneba.
urTierTsapirispironi Cveni Sexedulebis Sefasebas warmoadgenen. am Sefasebisas
kargi da cudi, erTi kontiniumis or polusad gvevlineba.
Cvens realobaSi arsebuli obieqtebis mimarT urTierTsapirispiro
damokidebulebebi gvaqvs. gviyvars da gvZuls, kmayofili varT da ukmayofilo,
vendobiT da ar vendobiT. mniSvnelovania gavacobieroT, rom isini ar arian
urTierT xelisSemSlelebi, piriqiT zustad vacnobierebT ra polarul wertilebs,
ufro naTlad vxvdebiT Cven survilebs da zogadad sakuTar Tavs.
geStalt TerapiaSi me-s polaruli nawilebi Tavdamsxmelis, an Tavdamcvelis
rolSi ganixileba, msgavsad froidis me-s struqturisa, romelSic `idealuri me~
`me~-sTan mimarTebaSi eqspansiur Tavdamsxmel instancidad gvevlineba, romelic
avtoritarul, momTxovnis ampluaSia. gauwonasworebeli `me~-s nawilebidan
Cveulebriv erTi dominantia, xolo meore dominirebuli. dominantis Sinagani xma
zogadad ase gamoiyureba: `Sen unda gaakeTo samuSao~, `Sen valdebuli xar bodiSi
moixado~ da a. S. am dros dominirebuli me-s nawili ase gamoiyureba `Tu SeiZleba
me minda raRacis Tqma~, an `me ar minda yvelaferSi mSoblebs daveTanxmo~.
rodesac Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcveli aseT Sinagan dialogSi arian, adamiani
usiamovnod, diskomfortulad ganicdis Tavs. mas eufleba sindisis qenjna,
sircxvili, pasiuroba, uiniciativoba _ ver iRebs gadawyvetilebas. roca
kontiniumis calkeuli mxareebi erT mTelSi ganicdeba da cnobierdeba, maSin isini
xels uwyoben `me~-s erTiani geStaltis formirebas, romelic difuzuri fonidan
momdinareobs. Sedegad, pirovneba naTlad acnobierebs sakuTar miznebsa da Tavs.
urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa erTianoba xels uwyobs, saSualebas iZleva axali
geStaltis formirebisTvis. isak niutonma mizidulobis kanoni aRmoaCina,
gaaerTiana ra mowyvetili vaSlis moZraoba erTi wertilidan meoremde, rodesac es
SemTxveva moqmedebad, procesad ganixila.
hegeli axasiaTebda ra realobaSi Cvens funqcionalobas Semdeg daskvnamde
mivida: yoveli azri Cvens TavSi moicavs am azris sapirispiro azrs. sxvanairad, rom

31
vTqvaT, yoveli Tezisi gulisxmobs anteTezisis arsebobas. rodesac es ori
gansxvavebuli mosazreba urTierTs daupirispirdeba, xdeba maTi gaerTianeba,
sinTezi, gansxvavebul sibrtyeSi, axali Tezisi warmoiSoba.
Tezisi, antiTezisi, sinTezi _ es Cveni cnobierebis potencials warmoadgens,
romelic SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis Sedegia.
mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom winaaRmdegoba Cvenive TavSi arsebobs. is
Cveni me-s sxvadasxva nawilebis urTierTdapirispirebaSi gamoixateba. amis
gacnobiereba miReba, migvaxvedrebs, rom xSirad CvenTvis SeumCnevlad, sakuTari
interesis, Sexedulebis winaaRmdeg vmoqmedebT, veyrdnobiT ra me-s garkveul
nawils, Tavs vesxmiT, vutevT sakuTar Tavs.
urTierTdapirispirebulTa erTianobis meqanizmebis karg ilustracias
warmoadgens liftis mowyobiloba. gadasaadgilebeli kabina da misi sapirwone
simZime erTi trosis or mxarezea dakiduli, romlebic erTmaneTs awonasworeben.
masze sakmarisia mTel wonasTan SedarebiT umniSvnelo zemoqmedeba, rom kabina
gadaadgilebas axdens, ase advilad xdeba erTiani meqanizmis amoqmedeba, romelsac
safuZvlad urTierTsawinaaRmdego gadamwoni Zalebi udevs.
adamianis organizmi liftis meqanizmisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom igi mudmivad
disbalansis mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, rogorc cocxali substancia is mudmivad
saWiroebs ZalTa aRdgenas. am garemoebas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin
urTierTsawinaaRmdegoTa erTianobis meqanizmi figuralurad adamianis velosipedze
siarulis swavlas SeiZleba SevadaroT.
imisaTvis, rom orTvliani velosipedidan ar gadmovardeT saWiroa
wonasworobis dacvis swavla, sirTule ki imaSia, rom mudmivad xdeba wonasworobis
dakargva. roca Tqven simZimis ZaliT marcxniv gadaixrebiT, miwaze dacemis
saSiSroeba Cndeba, amitom saWiroa simZimis sapirispiro mxares gadatana da ase
mudmivad unda moqmedebdeT sanam velosipedze zixarT. velosipedze siarulis unari
rom davaxasiaToT, esaa wonasworobis aRdgenis mudmivi Zalisxmeva. rodesac
adamiani amas iswavlis, misTvis amis ganxorcieleba usiamovno Zalisxmevas aRar
warmoadgens. piriqiT, velosipediT siaruli did siamovnebadac ki ganicdeba.
velosipedisti srulebiT ar acnobierebs, rom am dros srulebiTac ar
vacnobierebT, rom urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa gawonasworebiT aris dakavebuli.
imisaTvis, rom SevinarCunoT an aRvidginoT janmrTeloba, velosipedis msgavsad
Cven Tvals unda vadevnebdeT sakuTar Tavs, gansxvavebul situaciebSi, niuansebSi,
rom SevZloT bevri ramis kompensireba dakarguli wonasworobis aRdgena. es ki imaSi
gamoixateba, rom movaxerxoT garkveul fonSi figuris aRmoCena da masze
koncentrireba. amis SesaZlebloba Cven maSin gvaqvs, rodesac figura gamoikveTeba
fonze. magaliTad, Sav fonze Savi wertilis SemCneva SeuZlebelia, radgan igi
arafriT gamoirCeva, igi fonTan SedarebiT kontrastuli araa, magram Sav fonze
TeTri wertili mkafiod Cans, is kontrastulad `yviris~ sawinaaRmdego feris fonze.
amitom mravali fenomenis aRmoCena-SemCneva damokidebulia misi sawinaaRmdegos
arsebobaze. dRe da Rame erTmaneTisgan sinaTlis xarisxiT gansxvavdeba. TeTris
fonze, masTan kontrastirebiT Cven vigebT, Tu ra aris Savi da piriqiT. igive

32
adamianTa gancda STabeWdilebebze rom gadavitanoT aRmoCndeba, rom vigebT Tu ra
aris bedniereba, siamovneba, rodesac maT ubedureba, usiamovnebas vadarebT da
piriqiT. anu viciT ra polarobebia, Cven es gvexmareba realobasTan da sakuTar
TavTan damokidebulebaSi.
sainteresoa Tu ra saxiT vlindeba Cveni urTierTdapirispirebuli Zalebi
konfliqtur situaciebSi. Cveulebriv me-s erTi nawili, romelic iRebs davalebas, da
dgams nabijebs mis Sesasruleblad Cvens mier kargad cnobierdeba, magram meore Cveni
nawili, romelic upirispirdeba, ewinaaRmdegeba aRniSnul nawils da Sesasrulebel
qcevas ver cnobierdeba. ufro metic _ igi sakuTar me-s nawilad ar ganicdeba da gare
xelisSemSlel obieqts an situacias miewereba. amis gamo me-s SigniT mimdinare
brZola, subieqtisTvis warmoadgens massa da garemos Soris arsebul konfliqts. amis
gamo arsebuli dapirispireba gaugebaria. Sedegad gadauwyveteli rCeba, radgan
subieqti konfliqts iq ver xedavs, sadac is mimdinareobs.
Cvens mier ganxiluli sferos konteqstSi aqtualuri da saWiro xdeba sagnis,
movlenis sapirispiro mxaris danaxvis unari. komikuridan tragikulamde da
piriqiT, sul erTi nabijia. froidis aRmoCenis mixedviT adamianis fsiqika
movlenas, mis sapirispiro niRabs argebs, riTic gza-kvals ubnevs cnobierebas. es
gansakuTrebiT kargad sizmrebis analizis dros Cans, rodesac movlenis axsnisTvis
fsiqoanalitikosis mxridan nanaxis sapirispiro mniSvnelobis amocnobaa saWiro.
xSirad sayvareli deda sizmarSi urCxulis saxiT Cans, xolo saSiSi mgeli,
sayvareli da uvnebelia.
Tu davakvirdebiT aRmovaCenT, rom sazogadoebis politikuri cxovreba, misi
speqtric urTierTsapirispiroTa erTianobis principiT moqmedebs. ori
urTierTsapirispiro Zala, magaliTad, liberalebis da konservatorebis, iReben ra
mosaxleobis garkveul xmebs, ganapirobeben qveynis mimdinare politikas, romelic
xan marcxniv gadaixreba, xan marjvniv, magram es balansireba, urTierTis
gaTvaliswineba, ganapirobebs imas, rom sazogadoeba ar ixliCeba, piriqiT, amiT misi
optimalurad marTva xerxdeba.
rom gavaanalizoT Wkviani oratoris saubari da SevadaroT uniWo, orators
aRmovaCenT, rom is arasodes ar aris sworxazovani da calmxrivi, saubrisas ar
eyrdnoba mxolod erT poluss, aramed kargi velosipedistiviT aJRerebs orive
ukiduresi polusis Sinaarss. ris safuZvelzec msmenels awvdis gawonasworebul
Sinaarss. aseTi oratorisgan gansxvavebiT, aradamajerebeli da gauwonasworebeli
oratori mxolod erT polarobiT operirebs, xolo meore pozicias yovelmxriv
gaurbis an ver exeba. ris gamoc gawonasworebul, Segnebul msmenelze miuRebel mZime
STabeWdilebas axdens.
drosa da sivrcesTan mimarTeba

vels romelSiac vimyofebiT gaaCnia

gar­­kveuli drois siRrme. is moicavs `fsi­qologiur warsuls,
fsiqologiur awmyos da fsiqologiur momavals~, romlebic

33
 warmoadgens cxovrebiseuli sivrcis erT-erT ganzomilebas, arsebuls
drois momentSi.
kurt levini

realobas, sivrces da dros geStalt TerapiaSi specifikuri gageba aqvs. Teoria

ansxvavebs pirobiTi sivrciTi realobis sam zonas. esenia: a) Sinagani zona, b) gare
zona, g) Sua zona e. w. `nevrotuli zona~. Cveni samyaro fizikurad da
fsiqologiurad am sami zoniT amoiwureba.
sanam realobis zonebis daxasiaTebaze gadavidodeT, aRsaniSnavia, rom geStalt
Terapia adamians ganixilavs, rogorc kontaqtze orientirebul organizms, romlis
moTxovnilebebic mxolod garemosTan kontaqtis meSveobiT kmayofildeba. amitomac
geStalt Terapias sxvanairad kontaqtze orientirebul Terapiasac uwodeben.
kontaqtis cneba umniSvnelovanesia. janmrTelia, Tu nevrotulia, adamiani imisda
mixedviT xasiaTdeba, axerxebs Tu vera adamiani moTxovnilebebis, ltolvebis
dakmayofilebas, amisTvis garemosTan saWiro kontaqtebis organizebas, aseve
kontaqtis sapirispiro qcevis ganridebis ganxorcielebas.
janmrTeli organizmi moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare Tanmimdevrulad
anxorcielebs obieqtebTan kontaqts da ganridebas.
Sinagani zona pirobiTad adamianis kansqveSa, sxeulis Srea. procesebi _
SegrZnebebi da gancdebi, romlebic mimdinareobs Cvens sxeulSi; Cven SeiZleba
kargad ganvicdideT, an ver ganvicdideT kanqveSa, Sinagan zonaSi mimdinare
procesebs. zogadad janmrTeli organizmi, kargad funqcionirebadi pirovneba
naTlad, acnobierebs kontaqtSia sakuTar sxeulTan. mkafiod aRiqvams, SeigrZnobs
misgan momdinare impulsebs, kargad marTavs sxeuls, flobs da ganagebs mas.
nevrotuli pirovneba xasiaTdeba sxeulSi mimdinare procesebze cudad
fokusirebiT, kanqveSa zonisgan momdinare impulsebis ver gacnobierebiTa da maTze
cudi reagirebiT. mas praqtikul cxovrebaSi dakarguli aqvs kontaqti sakuTar
sxeulTan. igi difuzurad ganicdis, ver usmens da Sedegad ver gankargavs sxeuls,
rac araspontanurobasa da dabneulobaSi vlindeba.
gare zonas miekuTvneba sagnebi da movlenebi, romlebic Cvens gareT, realobaSi
xdeba, mimdinareobs. kargad funqcionirebadi organizmi _ me, naTlad aRiqvams gare
zonaSi mimdinare procesebs, sagnebs da im mimarTebebs, romlebic maT Soris xdeba.
amiT adamians saSualeba eZleva kargad gaacnobieros is realoba, romelSiac
cxovrobs, daikmayofilos sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebi. nevrotuli pirovneba ver
axerxebs gare zonaSi arsebuli obieqtebisa da movlenebis naTel aRqma-
gacnobierebas. misTvis gare zonaSi mimdinare procesebi difuzuri, gaugebari,
Znelad sakontaqtoa. Sedegad, subieqtis moTxovnilebebi, romlis dakmayofilebac
gare realobasTan kontaqtzea damokidebuli daukmayofilebeli rCeba da amis gamo
subieqti frustrirebulia. misi pirovnuli zrda Seferxebulia.
Sua zonas e. w. `nevrotul zonas~ miekuTvneba adamianis fantazia, rwmena, is rac
Cvens gonebriv warmodgenebSia. geStalt Terapiis mixedviT nevrozi esaa am zonaze
zedmetad fiqsireba sxva danarCeni zonebis xarjze; anu nevrotuli pirovneba

34
mowyvetilia realobis or mniSvnelovan zonas _ sxeulebrivs da gare realobisas.
maT xarjze, ki fiqsirebulia fantaziaze. igi mowyvetilia realur samyaros. misi
organizmis moTxovnilebebi ver kmayofildeba. udavoa, rom fantazias pozitiuri
mniSvnelobac aqvs, magram ara danarCeni ori zonis SinaarsTa ignorirebis xarjze.
aqtualizirebuli, kargad funqcionirebadi organizmi, nevrotulisgan gansxvavebiT,
warmosaxvas, fantazias iyenebs sakuTari organizmisa da gare realobis
gaTvaliswinebiT. rac mas sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaSi exmareba.
am sam SresTan mimarTebaSi, rogor gamoiyureba aqtualizirebuli da nevrotuli
pirovneba? aqtualizirebuli pirovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia kargi kontaqti Sina
da gare zonebTan. igi am monacemebze dayrdnobiT iyenebs fantaziasa da
warmosaxvas. nevrotuli pirovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia gare da Siga zonebis
monacemebTan cudi kontaqti fantaziaze fiqsireba, rac warmosaxul da ararealur
samyaroSi yofnas warmoadgens. amgvar situaciaSi SeuZlebelia sasicocxlo
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba da pirovnuli zrda-ganviTareba.
geStalt Terapiis Teoriasa da praqtikaSi droisadmi mimarTebis specifikuri
damokidebulebaa. radgan warsuli ukve momxdari realobaa, amitom cvlilebis
TvalsazrisiT masze laparaks araviTari aqtualoba ar gaaCnia. radgan momavali
jer ar damdgara, amitom masTan Sexebac amJamad SeuZlebelia, amitom masze
operireba an saubaric moklebulia aqtualobas. is rac Cvens gankargulebaSia,
rogorc realuri substancia es awmyoa. masTan Sexeba-kontaqti aqtualuria,
ramdenadac masSi danarCeni orisgan gansxvavebiT SesaZlebelia cvlilebebis
moxdena. geStalt TerapiaSi waqezebulia `aq da amJamad~ cxovrebis da moqmedebis
principi, rodesac xedav, acnobiereb awmyos, sakuTar Tavs, gare realobas da qmni,
cvli mas Seni moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare. amisgan gansxvavebiT nevrotul
pirovnebas dakarguli aqvs aqtualuri `aq da amJamad~ realoba, is sadac
cvlilebebi xdeba. amis nacvlad, mijaWvulia warsulze. wuwunebs, moTqvams,
gauTaveblad abrunebs momxdar movlenebsa da situaciebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom
maTi Secvla ukve SeuZlebelia. aseve laparakobs momavalze, imaze rac mis
gankargulebaSi araa, moelis, natrobs da sxva fuWi mimarTebebiTaa dakavebuli,
Sedegad aseTi adamiani kargavs aqtualur awmyos, imas rac realuri cvlilebebis
momtania pirovnebisTvis.
perlsis sayvareli gamoTqmaa `is araferi ar arsebobs, rac ar aris axla da aq,
axla aris awmyo, warsuli, aRar arsebobs, momavali jer ar damdgara~. perlsisgan
gansxvavebiT sxva geStalt Terapevtebi ufro mniSvnelovnad ekidebian warsuls da
momavals, rogorc realur substanciebs.
realoba fizikuri da drois ara marto Teoriuli postulatebia is geStalt
TerapiaSi, praqtikul varjiSebSi gamoiyeneba.
me-s organizmis maintegrirebeli funqcia gaaCnia, is sxeulis moqmedebas mis
moTxovnilebebs ukavSirebs. me organizmis im funqciebs amoqmedebs, romelic
yvelaze aqtualuri moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebelia. me identifikacias axdens
organizmTan da mis moTxovnilebebTan, amave dros gaucxoebulia iseTi
moTxovnilebebis mimarT, romelTa dakmayofilebac mis mimarT mtrul bunebas

35
avlens. amis safuZvelze, me awesrigebs garemosadmi damokidebulebas organizmis
moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare. Tu adamians swyuria, maSin wyali figurad iqceva,
danarCeni sagnebis fonze da `me~-s qceva am organizebuli moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad mimarTuli.
geStalt Terapiis mixedviT, `me~-s gaaCnia ltolva gaZlierebis, sakuTari
potencialis gaSlis, aqtualizaciis, rac pirovnul zrdaSi gamoixateba. pirovnuli
zrda xdeba fizikuri da fsiqikuri garemos asimilaciis gziT. organizmi
moTxovnilebis gancdisas, kontaqts amyarebs garemosTan, xolo garemodan energiis
asimilaciiT ikmayofilebs moTxovnilebas. jansaR organizmSi mudmivad
mimdinareobs cikli, romelic ase gamoiyureba:LmoTxovnilebis aRZvra, organizmSi
warmoiSveba uwonasworoba, `me~ amyarebs garemosTan agresiul kontaqts, rac iwvevs
moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas garemos asimilaciis gziT. Sedegad, xdeba
organizmSi wonasworobis, homeostazis aRdgena.
cxovreba warmoadgens aseT ciklTa dausrulebel jaWvs, romlis dasrulebac
iwvevs erTi geStaltis e. w. daxurvas, rasac mosdevs axali moTxovnilebebis
aRZvras da axali aseTi ciklis mimdinareoba. am procesis warmatebiT
ganxorcieleba ganapirobebs me-s gaZliereba, zrdas. pirovnuli zrda cnobieri
procesia.
janmrTel organizmSi SegrZnebas, aRgznebas, geStaltis formirebas Tan axlavs
cnobiereba. kontaqti gaucnobierebladac SeiZleba xdebodes. iseTi SegrZnebebi,
rogorebicaa distanciuri _ vizualur-akustikuri, SexebiTi _ taqtiluri, kans qveS
mimdinare _ proprioceftuli aRgznebas `me~-s atyobineben. im Sinaarsebs, ramac
SemdgomSi SeiZleba gansazRvros individis aqtivoba.
jansaRi organizmi funqcionirebs rogorc erTiani mTeli; misi qceva
TanxvedraSi modis organizmis moTxovnilebasa da brmad araa gansazRvruli
garemodan momdinare valdebulebebiT da moTxovnebiT. qcevis pirovnuloba
gamoixateba imaSic, rom procesSi mTeli organizmia CarTuli, masSi arc erTi
nawili araa mowyvetili da izolirebuli. Sedegad `me~-s cnobiereba mTel
organizmSi mimdinare aqtivobas gansazRvravs da warmarTavs.

pirovnebis ganviTarebis stadiebi

mtkivneulia gadasvla siamovnebis

proncipidan realobis principze.
zigmund froidi

is rac siaxles warmoadgenda fsiqoTerapiaSi, esaa adamianis frustraciis

pozitiuri roli pirovnul zrdis procesSi. praqtikidan Cans, rom is ki ar uSlis,
aramed xels uwyobs pirovnul zrdas. zomieri frustracia axdens pirovnebis
mobilizacias, sakuTari potencialis realizaciisaTvis saWiro ganwyobis Seqmnas.

36
es, rac Cveulebriv ar xdeba, roca garemo zedmetad zrunavs individze da ar
aZlevs mobilizaciis-nebelobis gamovlenis saSualebas. garda amisa, individi
frustraciis aridebis mizniT swavlobs garemoTi manipulirebas, riTac axerxebs
Tavi daaRwios arasasurvel gancdebs.
pirovnuli zrda janmrTeli organizmisTvis bunebrivi procesia. geStalt
TerapiaSi zrdis Sedegi metaforulad `momwifebad~ moixsenieba. simwifis miRweva
rTul, problemebiT daxunZluli gzis gavlas gulisxmobs. es rTuli procesi
lakonurad ase SeiZleba warmovidginoT. bavSvi, rom momwifdes da ususuri, sxvaze
damokidebuli mdgomareobidan gamovides, igi garemodan momdinare mxardaWeridan,
sakuTari Tavis mxardaWeraze unda gadavides, rac sakmaod Zneli procesia. bavSvi,
romelzec axorcieleben hiper mzrunvelobas, ver swavlobs damoukideblad
frustraciis gadalaxvas. Sedegad, ar ganicdis pirovnul zrdas da stagnaciis
mdgomareobaSia. am dros, garemoze _ sxvaze damokidebuli bavSvi, moTxovnilebaTa
dasakmayofileblad, sakuTari Tavis aqtualizaciis magier garemoTi manipulirebs,
rom misi daxmarebiT daaRwios frustracias Tavi, rasac aseT bavSvi, mozrdilebTan
uZlurebis demonstrirebiT anxorcielebs. is umweobiT cdilobs garemosgan
mxardaWeris miRebas. niSandoblivia, rom gamocdileba mas am dros ar aZlevs
saSualebas uari Tqvas garemoTi manipulaciaze. Sedegad, igi ver gadadis sakuTari
Tavis mxardaWeraze. aseTi bavSvi ar ganixilavs sakuTar Tavs iseTi mniSvnelobis
mqoned, rom Tavs endos, daeyrdnos da daZlios frustracia da daikmayofilos
moTxovnilebebi. aseT mdgomareobaSi myofi bavSvi dedis, mamis da sxvaTa imedzea.
mdgomareoba, rodesac mozardi, arc garemodan iRebs daxmarebas da verc Tavis
mxardaWeras axerxebs, e. w. Cixis situaciaSi imyofeba. Cixi gamoxatavs mdgomareobas,
rodesac adamianma ar icis ra gaakeTos, rogor daaRwios cxovrebiseul problemebs
Tavi. fsiqoTerapevti, ZiriTadad amgvar situaciebSi aRmoCenili klientiT aris
dakavebuli.
mowifulobis miRweva mraval sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli. misi aucilebeli
Tanmxlebia SfoTva, romelic ufskrulis SiSs hgavs. igi awmyos dakargviTaa
gamowveuli. es mdgomareoba scenis SiSs hgavs, roca sayrdeni, awmyo ikargeba, Tu
scenaze gasvlis Semdeg es mdgomareoba, anu SfoTva mRelvarebaSi gadaizarda, is
SeiZleba mobilizaciis, rolis kargad Sesrulebis safuZvlad iqces. SfoTva
gamoxatavs xifaTis bundovan, aradiferencirebul SegrZnebas, romelic SeiZleba
SiSad gadaiqces, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu safrTxis obieqti gamoikveTa.
asimilaciis procesi pirovnuli zrdis aucilebeli elementia. oraluri
aqtivoba individis fsiqologiur SesaZleblobebs, cxovrebiseuli problemebis
gadaWris unars asaxavs. metyvelebaSi arsebobs gamoTqmebi: `kbili mosdo
problemas~, `gadaReWili sakiTxi~, `ukbilo xumroba~. subieqti, romelic ver iyenebs
kbilebs, ar aqvs unari gamoiyenos destruqciuli funqciebi sakuTari Tavis
sasargeblod. maT uxerxemlo adamianebis epiTetiT moixsenieben, romelTac,
sakvebisadmi erTis mxriv indiferentoba, xolo meores mxriv ki mouTmeneli sixarbe
axasiaTebT.

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 kidev erTi msgavseba oralur ganviTarebasa da fsiqikur SesaZleblobas Soris
umadobaSi _ sakvebisadmi zizRSi gamoixateba, roca lukmis gadaylapva did
problemas da usiamovno process warmoadgens. es hgavs usiamovno informaciis
gadaylapvis uunarobas, rodesac sakvebis msgavsad, cxovrebiseuli problema
gadauReWavi, gadauylapavi da mounelebelia, risi safuZvelic fsiqikuri, kerZod
oraluri ganviTarebis procesSi arsebuli Seferxebaa.
pirovnuli zrda, momwifeba simbolurad xaxvis Tavs SeiZleba SevadaroT, romlis
gulic siRrmiseul SreSia moTavsebuli, xolo mis misaRwevad gare Sreebis mocileba,
maTgan ganTavisuflebaa saWiro. am metaforis msgavsad momwifebis misaRwevad bavSvma
oTxi safexuri, done unda gaiaros. maTi pirobiTi saxelebia: I _ `kliSe~-s done, II _
xelovnuri done, III _ Cixis done da IV _ e. w. Sinagani afeTqebis done. om oTxi
donidan sami nevrotuli qcevis doneebia, romlebic moklebulia qcevaSi pirovnul
identobas, xolo bolo stadiaze yofna sakuTari, unikaluri, namdvili realuri `me~-s
miRwevas gulisxmobs. im sakuTari potencialis realizacias, rasac sxvanairad
uwodeben `yofnas imad, rac realurad xar~.
I _ `kliSes~ done xasiaTdeba qceviT, romelic mTlianad stereotipulia. am
doneze individi ise iqceva, rogorc miRebulia, misi moqmedeba mkacr CarCoebSia
moqceuli. Sinaganad mas ar esmis, Tu ra aris kargi da cudi, sasargeblo da zianis
momtani. mis qcevis normebsa da standartebs, mTlianad garemoSi myofi
avtoritetebi gansazRvraven, xolo igi brmad imeorebs qcevebs, romelic sxvaTa
poziciebs asaxavs. amis magaliTia gogona, romelic dedis sityvebsa da azrebs
imeorebs. mkacrad diferencirebuli aqvs, Tu ra aris swori da ra ara; es
yvelaferi dedis Sexedulebebis gameorebas warmoadgens. ra Tqma unda,
stereotipuli qceva realobasTan Rrma kontaqtis saSualebas ar iZleva, magram
miuxedavad amisa, mainc ukeTesia, vidre saerTod ukontaqtoba, radgan realobasTan
kavSiris Seguebis garkveul dones mainc gamoxatavs.
II safexuri e.w. xelovnuri donea, am safexurze mdgomi adamianis qcevebSi
dominirebs garkveuli rolebi, da maTze agebuli TamaSebi. roluri qcevebi
gacilebiT rTuli fenomenia, misTvis damaxasiaTebelia imgvari niSan-Tvisebebis
gadmoReba, rac sazogadoebaSi prestiJulad, momgebianad aris warmoCenili.
sirTulis miuxedavad aseTi qcevac xelovnurad gadmoRebulis xasiaTs atarebs,
amgvari qcevis Rirebuleba da faseulobac, gaucnobierebeli da gauTavisebelia.
miuxedavad amisa, qcevis avtori kargad mibaZvis gamo SeiZleba ise
gamoiyurebodes, TiTqos es misi autenturi qcevaa. aseTi xelovnuri donis qcevas
brmad tradiciebis, normebis miyola ganapirobebs.
konformuli qceva, romelic umravlesobis zegavleniT xorcieldeba, aseve
xelovnuri donis qcevis kategorias miekuTvneba. am doneze aucileblad xSirad
warmoiSveba konfliqtebi, radgan garemoSi dapirispireba tipiuri movlenaa, xolo
Tavad subieqti ar warmoadgens autentur sakuTari azriT momqmed mxares, rom
arsebuli situacia obieqturad gaacnobieros da konfliqtis gadaWris
alternativebi monaxos.

38
 III _ safexuri e. w. Cixis dones warmoadgens, zogadad fsiqoTerapia,
gansakuTrebiT ki geStalt Terapiuli seansi, `Cixis~ doneze mimdinareobs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom CixSi moxvedra garkveul stresTanaa dakavSirebuli da
pirovneba emociur kriziss ganicdis, igi pirovnuli zrdisTvis aucilebeli
gadasalaxi rubikonia. ranairi paradoqsulic ar unda mogveCvenos CixSi moxvedra
gansakuTrebiT fsiqoTerapiul garemoSi ganviTareba-aqtualizaciis xelisSemwyobi
faqtoria. amitom geStalt Terapevti xSirad iyenebs e.w. zomier frustracias,
romlis mizanic klientis CixSi moqcevaa. es is viTarebaa, rodesac garemodan
daxmareba aRar modis, xolo TviTdaxmarebis resursebi da SesaZlebloba jer kidev
araa gacnobierebul-garkveuli.
fsiqoTerapevtis daxmarebiT klientma metaforulad unda moaxerxos is, rac
baron-miunhauzenma pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT ganaxorciela, rodesac igi Tavis
cxenianad Rrma WaobSi Caeflo. baronis yvirilze daxmarebodnen pasuxi arsaidan
ismoda. am Cixs miunhauzenma Tavi ase daaRwia: xeli TmaSi magrad Caivlo da ise
moqaCa, rom sakuTari Tavi cxe­nianad mSral adgilas amoaTria. miuxedavad imisa,
rom amgvari qceva fizikuri kanonebis darRvevas gulisxmobs, fsiqologiurad es
metafora zustad gamoxatavs umweo adamianis aRmoCenas, Tavi daanebos sxvebisadmi
daxmarebis Txovnas da Tavad daexmaros sakuTar Tavs, rac momwifebuli pirovnebis
damaxasiaTebeli aqtivobaa.
CixSi moxvedra, pozitiuri SeiZleba aRmoCndes pirovnebisTvis. miuxedavad amisa,
tipiuria, rom adamianebi cdiloben yvelaferi iRonon da ar moxvdnen CixSi.
amisTvis mimarTaven sustis, sxvaze damokidebulis, sawyalis rolis TamaSs, raTa
garSemo myofebi aiZulon, rom daexmaron, xolo Tavad sakuTari Tavis
aqtualizacia, mobilizacia ar moaxdinon. gamocdilma geStalTerapevtebma ician ra
es, cdiloben ar wamoegon am ankesze da moaxerxon, zomieri frustraciiT Seiyvanon
klienti maTTvis saWiro CixSi.
IV _ done moixsenieba rogorc `Sinagani afeTqeba~ anu `sikvdili~. es etapi
dgeba mas Semdeg, rac pirovneba axerxebs iswavlos cxovrebiseuli `Cixidan~
gamosvlis strategia-teqnologia, rac sakuTari Tavis daxmarebaSi gamoixateba. am
etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sakuTari Tavis adeqvaturad aRqma-Sefaseba, anu
pirovneba, rogorc geStalistebi ityvian `warmoadgens imas, rac realuad aris~.
cxovrebaSi Cveulebriv orive saxis araadeqvaturoba gadafaseba da daufasebloba
speficikur problemebs aCens, rac garemosTan araadeqvatur damokidebulebaSi,
nevrotul konfliqtebSi gamoixateba.
arsebuli donis miRweviT adamiani axdens Tavisi unikaluri, ganumeorebeli
bunebis warmoCenas. am process xmardeba aseTi adamianis fsiqo-fizikuri Zalebi da
energia. amitom es etapi `Sinagani afeTqebis~ `sikvdilis~ epiTetiT moixsenieba,
radgan kvdeba is arseba, romelic manamde arsebobda, romelic ar iyo sakuTari
Tavis autenturi, da ver axerxebda sakuTari bunebisa da potencialis
realizirebas. mis sanacvlod ibadeba axali, realuri, autenturi `me~, romelmac
cnobierad icis vinaa, ras akeTebs am samyaroSi da risTvis arsebobs. `Sinagan
afeTqeba~ iwvevs `garegani afeTqebas~, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom axali `me~ ara

39
marto Tavad icvleba Sinaganad, aramed aqtivobiT cvlis gare realobasac,
romelSiac is cxovrobs. am etapze adamiani ukve aqtiuri subieqtia, romelic ara
mxolod egueba garemos, aramed Tavad qmnis axal, manamde ararsebul, mxolod mis
SemoqmedebiT niWze damokidebul realobas. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, adamiani cvlis
ra sakuTar Tavs, amiT igi cvlis gare realobasac, rac `garegani afeTqebis~
metaforaa. es, is Secvlili realoba, romelic datoves qristem, Seqspirma,
froidma, vangogma TavianTi moRvaweobis Semdeg. maT `garegani afeTqebis~ Sedegad
Seqmnes axali samyaro, romelic manamde ar arsebobda. am zogadad samyaros
Secvlis horizonti udavod usazRvroa. religiur qristianul, budistur
terminologiaSi arsebobs mdgomareoba, romelic gansxivosnebis saxeliT
moixsenieba, aseTi epiTeti Seesabameba adamians, romlis moraluri, fizikuri,
fsiqikuri ganviTareba saSualebas aZlevs amaRldes Tavis biologiur bunebaze,
wvdes samyaroSi arsebul maRal Rirebulebebsa da faseulobebs. amiT Tavisi
ganumeorebeli wvlili Seitanos, samyaros ganviTareba-srulyofaSi.
ase SeiZleba aRvweroT, pirovnuli ganviTarebis stadiebi geStalt TerapiaSi..

`me~-s dacviTi meqanizmebi

yvela avadmyofi hgavs erTmaneTs,

yvela janmrTeli TavisTavadi da unikaluria.
d. n.

ar arsebobs ufro metad brma,

visac ar unda rom dainaxos
da masze metad yru, visac ar unda gaigonos.
inglisuri andaza

fsiqoanalizis aRmoCenas didi yuradReba miaqcia geStalt Terapiam. kerZod imas,

rom pirovnuli ganviTarebis, progresis, sawinaaRmdego procesic arsebobs, rac
stagnacia-regresSi gamoixateba. am ukanasknelT ranairad paradoqsuladac ar unda
mogveCvenos safuZvels uyris, individis dacviTi funqciebi, dacviTi meqanizmebi.
Cveulebriv muqaris SemTxvevaSi da saWiro reaqciaa, magram mudmivi muqara iwvevs
darRvevas. Sedegad, dacviT qcevebs maSinac aqvs adgili, roca muqara ar arsebobs.
omis muqarisas qalaqis garSemo Semortymuli maRali galavani da Caketili karibWe
saWiroa, romelic dacviT funqcias asrulebs, magram mSvidobis pirobebSi, roca
ganviTarebis vaWrobisaTvis Tavisufali urTierTobebia aucilebeli, aseTi
karCaketili stiliT cxovreba qalaqisTvis damRupvelia. Sua saukunis mebrZoli
raindisTvis rkinis javSnis tansacmeli, omSi saWiro TavdacviT funqcias asrulebs,
brZolaSi mtris iaraRisgan icavs. mSvidobianobis dros, an yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
amgvari aRWurvilobiT siaruli mxolod zianis momtania. igive SeiZleba iTqvas
dacviT funqciebze, romelTac Cven qvemoT gavecnobiT, maTi mudmivi araadeqvaturi
gamoyeneba nevrotul qcevebs udebs safuZvels. amgvari winaaRmdegobebi gamowveulia

40
garemosTan araswori mimarTebiT, rasac Tavisi mizezi aqvs. individi cdilobs ara
Tavisi moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad warmarTos energia, aramed arasasiamovno
garemosgan Tavdasacavad, misgan gansarideblad. Sedegad gamodis, rom energia saWiro
moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad ar aris mimarTuli. igi garemosTan kontaqtis
damyarebas ar emsaxureba.
realur cxovrebaSi swored ase iqceva nevtoriki, misi energia moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebis magier, TavdacviT qcevebze ixarjeba. aseTi qceva zianis momtania _
am viTarebaSi individi stagnacias ganicdis. geStalt TerapiaSi garemosTan
kontaqtis aridebis, anu winaaRmdegobis xuT saxes gamovyofT. esenia: a) introeqcia,
b) proeqcia, g) retrofleqsia, d) defleqsia, e) konfluencia, anu Serwyma.
mokled ganvsazRvroT TiToeuli maTgani, xolo Semdeg dawvrilebiT
gavaanalizoT maTi mimdinareobis procesi.
a) introecirebuli adamiani arakritikulia garemosa da sakuTari Tavis mimarT. igi
pasiurad iRebs yvelafers, rasac mas garemo sTavazobs. amave dros individi ar
acnobierebs Tavis moTxovnilebebsa da survilebs. es gapirobebulia imiT, rom igi
cxovrobs misTvis keTilganwyobil garemoSi, romelic zrunavs masze, amitom individi
ver arCevs, visia moTxovnilebebi, ltolvebi, faseulobebi garemosi Tu sakuTari. Tu
garemo Seicvala da misTvis mtruli gaxda Seqmnil situaciaSi, igi ecdeba energia
siamovnebis miRebaze mimarTos.
b) proeqciis dros adamiani uars ambobs sakuTar, magram misTvis miuRebel niSan-
Tvisebebze da maT gare realobas miawers. amitom, uWirs problemebis gadaWra,
kerZod im problemebs, romlebic proeqcirebul SinaarsebTan aris dakavSirebuli,
radgan arasworad adgens mis adress. amis gamo konfliqtSi Sedis gare
realobasTan, ver xvdeba, magram Tavadaa am konfliqtis inspiratori. ase, rom
proeqciis qcevis mqones sakuTari problemis garemoze gadabraleba axasiaTebs.
g) retrofleqsiis dros adamiani uars ambobs kontaqtSi Sevides gare
realobasTan. gare realoba misTvis usiamovnebis wyaros warmoadgens, igi ise iqceva,
TiTqos garemo arc arsebobdes, amitom sakuTar Tavs TviTkmar arsebad miiCnevs da
mTel energias sakuTar TavTan urTierTobas axmars. Sedegad igi ver cvlis gare
realobas da ver axerxebs gare realobaSi sakuTari moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebas.
d) defleqsiis dros adamians uWirs, ver axerxebs misTvis mniSvnelovani
obieqtis fokusSi moqcevas. moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad, is energias ver
warmarTavs fokusirebaze, amitom garemosTan SemTxveviTi, ara mizandasaxuli
mimarTeba aqvs, ris gamoc moTxovnilebebs ver ikmayofilebs frustrirebuli da
daukmayofilebelia.
e) konfluenciis dros adamiani aTqvefili, Serwymulia gare realobasTan, igi
garemoSi sxvebTan erTad saerTo dinebaSia moqceuli, ise rom ar irCevs cxovrebaSi
sakuTar gezsa da mimarTulebas. sadac yvela isic iqiT mieqaneba. igi ar marTavs
sakuTar Tavs Tu ra mimarTeba daamyaros garemosTan. rogorc jogis wevri,
gaucnobiereblad endoba garemoSi arsebul umravlesobas. amis gamo moklebulia
damoukideblobas, individualobas, sakuTari gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars.

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 axla dawvrilebiT SevexoT TiToeul dacviT qcevas. zogadad es dacviTi
strategiebi ar warmoadgenen paTologiur gadaxrebs, maT aqvT TavianTi gamoyenebis
adgili, magram Tu aseTi qceviTi strategia araadeqvaturad, Seusabamod, mudmivad
xorcieldeba, maSin is nevrotuli qcevis saxes iRebs, pirovnebis gadaxraze,
problemebze miuTiTebs.

introeqcia

introeqcia uSualod SimSilis instinqtTan aris dakavSirebuli. ZuZumwovaris

ganviTarebis safexurze kvebis es forma bunebrivi da erTaderTia. bavSvi dedis
mkerdidan sakveb rZes pirdapir yovelgvari gadamuSavebis gareSe iRebs. ZuZumwovara
bavSvi ndobiTaa gamsWvaluli dedisa da garesamyarosadmi da ylapavs imas rac
miewodeba. am periodSi gare realobasTan aseTi mimarTeba swori, aucilebeli
damokidebulebaa. bavSvs am etapze ori alternativa aqvs gadaylapos, an ar
gadaylapos. miiRos an ar miiRos is rac miewodeba. miRebulis daReWvis,
gadamuSavebis unari mas ar gaaCnia.
introeqcia gulisxmobs produqtis miRebas misi struqturis Secvlis,
gadamuSavebis gareSe, am etapze dedis rZis asimilacia produqtis darRveva,
gadamuSavebas ar saWiro­ebs. Tuki aTvisebis es forma ZuZusmwovis asakis zemoTac
gvxvdeba, es imas niSnavs, rom oraluri ganviTarebis kbenisa da ReWvis stadiaze
garkveul darRvevas hqonda adgili. introecirebuli adamiani garemosgan elis,
moiTxovs, rom sxvebma ukve gadaReWili, damuSavebuli produqti miawodos
asaTviseblad, rom Tavad mas gadamuSaveba, kritikuli damokidebulebis gamoxatva
aRar sWirdebodes, rom miwodebuli produqti pirdapiri da gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT pirSi moxvdes, man ki mxolod gadaylapos. es imaze miuTiTebs, rom
subieqts oraluri agresia blokirebuli aqvs. amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos
hipermzrunveli garemo, meores mxriv, moZalade garemoc, romelic subieqtis
protestis miuxedavad aiZulebs mas gadaylapos miwodebuli produqti, romelic
masSi zizRs iwvevs. amis asatanad ki subieqti cdilobs gemo ar gaugos produqts
da pirdapir gadaylapos. es produqtis asimilirebis araswori gzaa, Sedegad,
gadaylapuli produqtis moneleba ver xdeba, radgan igi araa asimilirebadi. misi
masa ara asimilaciisTvis gadamuSavebuli, amitom tipiuria misi mounelebloba da
Sedegad Rebineba.
Wamis fiziologiuri procesebis Sesabamisia introeqciis fsiqologiuri
maxasiaTeblebi. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia Rirebulebebis, qceviTi standartebis,
faseulobaTa garemosgan ukritiko miReba, kopireba. aseTi adamiani pirovnulad ar
viTardeba. introeqciisas me-sa da gare realobas Soris sazRvari, ise Rrmadaa
Sesuli me-Si, rom me-s uWirs gaarCios, Tu sadaa igi da sad masSi SemoWrili gare
realoba. fiziologiurad introecirebuli me ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT:

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 mes _ introecirebuli `mounelebeli~,
araasimilirebuli nawilebi.

naxatze gamosaxulia is, rac adamians emarTeba cxeli moxarSuli kartofilis

Wamis dros, radgan kartofili Zalian cxelia, SeuZlebelia misi pirSi
gauciveblad didxans gaCereba da Sesabamisad gadaReWva, amitom misi swrafad
gadaylapva xdeba, Sedegad kuWSi xvdeba cxeli dauReWavi kartofilis natexebi,
romlebic mounelebeli rCeba da muclis tkivils iwvevs. es fiziologiuri
introecirebaa, msgavsi bedi fsiqologiurma Sinaarsebmac SeiZleba gaiziaron. amis
magaliTia, cxovrebaSi sxvisi azriT, SexedulebiT, faseulobiT mniSvnelovani,
gaucnobierebeli nabijis gadadgma. qarTul kulturaSi, sxva kulturebis msgavsad
gavrcelebuli iyo qorwineba, romelic mSobelTa iniciativiT xdeboda. eTanxmeboda
ra axalgazrda misTvis gamocdili avtoritetis rCevas, Semdgom cxovrebaSi xSirad
sinanuliT aRmoaCenda xolme, rom TviTon sakuTari Sexedulebebi ar Seesabameboda
im gemovnebas, romliTac gakeTda es arCevani. amitom imedgacrueba, konfliqtebi, da
tragikuli finali aseT viTarebaSi iSviaTobas ar warmoadgenda.
Seqspirs `ledi makbetSi~ da ibsens `rosmersholimSi~ aRwerili aqvs personaJebis
fsiqologiuri drama, romelTa qcevac ar Seesabameba maT pirovnul faseulobebs,
Sedegad maTSi aRmocenebuli konfliqtis gamo acnobiereben ra sinamdviles isini
uars amboben mopovebulze. orive nawarmoebSi personaJebi viTarebebisa da
zegavlenisgan gamomdinare uaRresad did sisastikeze midian, ledi makbeti qmarTan
erTad klavs yvelas, bavSvebsac ki vinc samefo taxtis metoqed miaCnia. beata,
`romersholimSi~ mkvlelobisken ubiZgebs misi Seyvarebulis meuRles, doras; orive
nawarmoebSi personaJTa droebiT miZinebuli sindisi iRviZebs, ris gamoc Cadenili
saqcieli maTTvis miuRebeli, mopovebuli Sedegi ki gaufasurebuli aRmoCndeba.
Sedegad orive personaJi tragikulad amTavrebs Tavis cxovrebas. ledi makbets sigiJe
eufleba, xolo beata samudamod tovebs rosmerholims.
introeqciis safuZveli adreul bavSvobaSia, imisaTvis, rom introeqcia
aRmoifxvras saWiroa subieqtma gaacnobieros gansxvaveba `me~-sa da `Sen~-s Soris,
romelTa Soris gansxvavebac am etapze mas ar SeuZlia. Tuki Terapevti klients
xSirad gaucnobierebs saubrisas Tu romelia misi Sexeduleba, pozicia da
romelia fsiqoTerapevtis. nel-nela klienti ganasxvavebs, gaacnobierebs sakuTars
sxvisgan, aRmoaCens sakuTar TavSi sxvis Sexedulebebs, romlebic manamde Tavisad
miaCnda. is aRmoaCens, rom mocemuli realoba SesaZlebelia gardaqmnas, miseulad
Secvalos, ar datovos aucileblad iseTad, rogoradac is miewodeba.

proeqcia

proeqciis warmoSoba zrdis im periods ukavSirdeba, rodesac kargis da cudis

kategoriebi Semodis bavSvis cxovrebaSi, roca moralis, danaSaulis cnebebi iwyeben

43
formirebas. niSandoblivia bavSvis ganviTarebis sawyis etapze es introgenirebuli
kategoriebia, anu sxvebi, ufrosebi gansazRvraven, awvdian bavSvs, Tu ra aris kargi da
cudi, rogor moiqces, rom dadebiTi Sefaseba daimsaxuros da rogor ara _ rom
dasjili ar aRmoCndes. proeqciis dros adamiani garkveul sakuTar nawils,
introecirebuli nawilis zegavleniT garemos miawers, ar surs masTan identificireba,
radgan garemodan introecirebuli faseuloba mas amis gamo kicxavs. am dros
proeqcirebuls ar hyofnis Zala pasuxismgebloba aiRos sakuTar saqcielze,
daupirispirdes garemos. amis sanacvlod is sakuTar qcevas sxvas miawers. ara marto
miawers, aramed garemos kicxavs imis gamo, rac sinamdvileSi misgan momdinareobs. amas
droebiTi gantivrTvis efeqti aqvs, radgan amiT bralis gancdis arideba xdeba, magram
urTierTobis aseTi forma individs xels uSlis realobasTan adeqvatur kontaqtSi,
ar anviTarebs pasuxismgeblobas, Sedegad aferxebs pirovnul zrdas.
sqematurad proeqciebis mqone pirovneba ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT.

sakuTari `me~-s miuRebel nawils proeqciis mqone gare realobas miawers.

Sedegad proecirebuli ver ansxvavebs Sinagan da garegan samyaros, masTan
sazRvari `me~-s gareTaa gatanili. proeqcirebuls ara marto gadabraleba
axasiaTebs, misTvis niSandoblivia paranoiac, rom sxvebi mas zians ayeneben, rac
safuZvels iRebs iqidan, rom Tavad surT sxvisTvis zianis miyeneba, magram ar
aRiareben amas da piriqiT garemos abraleben sakuTar gasakicx tendenciebs.
proeqciuli qcevis mqones axasiaTebs is, rac kinoTeatrSi kinos Cvenebisas
xdeba. firze moxvedrili sinaTle, yvelafer imas, rac maszea aRbeWdili, TeTr
ekranze warmoaCens, anu firze arsebul suraTs sinaTle faqtiurad TeTr ekranze
gadaitans, darbazSi mjdomi _ firze asaxuls ekrans miawers, risi iluziac
savsebiT damajereblad eqmnebaT filmis mayureblebs; swored aseTi gadatanis
ganxorcielebas axerxebs subieqti proeqciis dros.
proeqcia agznebas, romelic me-s miuRebeli nawilidan momdinareobs aqrobs,
winaaRmdegobis reaqcia am agznebis nivelirebisken aris mimarTuli. SegrZnebis
blokirebiT ikargeba sakuTari qcevis gacnobierebis SesaZlebloba. proeqciis dros
adamiani erTmaneTisgan mijnavs Tavisi pirovnebis karg da cud, naTel da bnel
mxareebs, is rac unda, rom icodes sakuTar Tavze, da rac ara. pirovnebis is
nawilebi, romlebic sakuTrad ar ganicdeba da garemoze proecirdeba geStalt
Terapiis enaze metaforulad pirovnebaSi arsebul xvrelebad moixsenieba. msgavsad
holandiuri yvelisa, romlis xvrelebic produqts, anu yvels ar warmoadgens.
fsiqoTerapiis mizania pirovnebaSi arsebuli e. w. xvrelebis amovseba, misTvis am
nawilebis dabruneba. es mizani gaucxoebul nawilebTan identifikaciiT miiRweva.
rei bredberis erT-erT fantastikur moTxrobaSi aRwerilia mayureblis
warmodgenebis ekranze proecirebis situacia, romelSiac lomebi, romlebic
fantaziis nayofni arian ekranidan realobaSi gadmodian da Wamen, anadgureben
adamianebs. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom proeqcia axali, warmosaxuli realobaa, romelic
specifikurad gansxvavebulad moqmedebs Cvenze.

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 cnobili reJisoris andrei tarkovskis fsiqologiur filmSi `solarisi~,
kosmonavtebi samyaros gamosakvlevad ucxo planetze mifrinaven magram ucxo
planeta solarisi Tavs icavs `daupatiJebeli stumrebisagan~, Tavdacva imaSi
gamoixateba, rom kosmonavtTa sindisSi arsebuli codvebi am planetaze, realobad
proecirdebian, materializirdebian da amiT SeuZleblad autanels xdian
kosmonavtebis yofas, romelTa sicocxlec TviTmkvlelobiTa da autaneli tanjviT
mTavrdeba. filmis morali da azri SemdgomSia, Tu adamiani proecirebas axdens,
xolo misi Sinaarsebi codvebis gamo saSinelebebs moicavs, yofiereba autaneli
xdeba.
proeqcia, ra Tqma unda, adamianze yovelTvis negatiurad ar moqmedebs. mas aqvs
realobasTan kontaqtis funqciac. misi meSveobiT Cven intuiciurad vxvdebiT
sxvebSi mimdinare procesebs, es normaluri adamianuri Tvisebaa, rac xels uwyobs
adamianTa urTierTgagebas. gadaWarbebul gadaxras Tu ar warmoadgens proeqcia
bevr sainteresos gvawvdis Cvens gare samyaroSi, realobaSi mimdinare movlenebis
Sesaxeb.

retrofleqsia

termini retrofleqsia niSnavs sakuTari Tavisken Semobrunebas. rogorc dacviTi

funqcia es imaSi gamoixateba, rom adamiani sakuTar Tavs erTdroulad momqmed
subieqtadac ganixilavs da gare realobadac, damkvirvebladac da dakvirvebis
obieqtadac. Cveulebriv janmrTeli adamiani sakuTar Tavs da gare realobas Soris
avlebs sazRvars, retrofleqsiis dros es sazRvari sakuTar TavSi, me-Si gadis,
romlis erTi nawili ise eqceva da ganixilavs meores, rogorc `me~ garemos. am
ucnauri damcavi meqanizmis warmoSobis mizezs xSirad bavSvobis periodSi mkacr,
amkrZalav garemos miaweren. igi axSobda, Trgunavda, bavSvis bunebriv reaqciebs,
misi gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi ki sjida mas. ufro metic aseTi mkacri sastiki garemo
ara marto axSobs TviTgamoxatvis reaqciebs, aramed aswavlis adamians, rom Tavad
unda CaaxSos, aRkveTos gamoxatvis reaqciebi; amas ufiqsirebs rogorc `karg tons~,
normas. amgvari mimarTebis ganmtkicebis Sedegad bavSvi ise sastikad eqceva sakuTar
Tavs, rogorc manamde mkacri, amkrZalavi garemo eqceoda mas. retrofleqsiisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli reaqciaa _ agzneba, romelic garemosadmi reaqcias gamoxatavs
refleqsurad iTrguneba da qcevebi sakuTari Tavisken Semobrundeba. Sedegad
siyvarulica da agresiac, romelic gare obieqtebisadmi unda iyos mimarTuli,
sakuTari personisken ukan trialdeba. siyvarulis retrofleqsiis ukidures
magaliTs narcisizmi warmoadgens, xolo agresias ki TviTmkvleloba.
narcisi retrofleqcirebuli arsebaa, romelsac blokirebuli aqvs is rac
aucilebelia, anu siyvarulis gare obieqtze mimarTva. es SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos
aRzrdaSi daSvebuli SecdomebiT, rodesac siyvarulis ltolvis sxvisadmi
gamoxatva subieqtisTvis cud, amoralur, dasjad movlenad aRiqmeboda. amis gamo

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narciss isRa darCenoda, rom siyvarulis ltolva sakuTar Tavze waremarTa,
Sedegad, man garemos mxridan mkacri protesti ar daimsaxura.
TviTmkvlelic retrofleqsirebulia. misi gareSe obieqtisadmi agresia
daTrgunulia, ganmtkicebuli dasjiTi reaqciiT. Sedegad agresia gareSe obieqtis
magivrad sakuTar Tavzea mimarTuli. TviTmkvleloba, ra Tqma unda,
retrofleqsirebuli agresiis ukiduresi gamovlinebaa. ufro xSirad saxezea
nevrotuli TviTdasja, gakicxva, moraluri TviTgvema da tanjva, rac agresiis
sakuTar Tavze warmarTviTaa ganpirobebuli. Cveulebriv ltolvebis, emociebis
Sekaveba an gamoxatva damokidebulia imaze Tu ra moTxovnilebebs ikmayofilebs
adamiani am dros. normalur mdgomareobaSi maTi xan Sekavebaa mizanSewonili, xanac
gamoxatva-gamovlena. retrofleqsiasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca calmxrivad,
mizanSeuwonlad ltolvebis mxolod Sekavebas aqvs adgili, araa am dros
muskulatoris doneze agznebas aqvs adgili, Sedegad retrofleqsirebuli, 1800-
gradusiT sakuTari Taviskenaa Semobrunebuli.
retrofleqsiisas adamiani ise eqceva sakuTar Tavs, rogorc TviTon sxvebs
moeqceoda, an ise eqceva sakuTar Tavs, rogorc sxvas unda, rom mas moeqces. es
xdeba imis gamo, rom mas rogorc unda rom sxvebi moeqcnen, ise ar eqcevian. xolo,
rogorc unda rom sxvas moeqces, ver eqceva.
sqematurad retrofleqsirebuli pirovneba ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT. masSi
kontaqtis sazRvari, romelic me-sa da garemos Soris unda gadiodes me-s SigniT
gadis, Tan ise rom erTi nawili meores ganixilavs garemod da piriqiT.
inteleqtualuri procesi, analizi, sakuTar TavTan mimarTebas gulisxmobs da
retrofleqsias warmoadgens. fiqri-analizi Cveulebriv, qcevis win xdeba, misi
funqciaa SeaCeros kontaqti, jer gaarkvios da Semdeg daamyaros obieqtTan
mimarTeba, romelic subieqtisTvis mizanSewonili, moTxovnilebis
damakmayofilebeli iqneba. es bunebrivi kontaqtis damyarebis wina stadiaa,
romelsac Tavisi daniSnuleba aqvs, magram rodesac es stadia garemosTan
mimarTebaze araa warmarTuli da kontaqtiT ar mTavrdeba, saxezea dacviTi reaqcia,
romelic pirovnebisTvis mxolod zianis momtania.
retrofleqsiuri mimarTebis ori done SeiZleba gamovyoT. erTi, romlis drosac
adamiani sakuTar Tavs ise eqceva, esaubreba, efereba, komforts uqmnis, rogorc
sxvebi, garemo unda rom epyrobodes. es retrofleqsiis ioli gamovlinebaa.
gacilebiT mZime formaa, rodesac individi arc garemosTan Sedis SexebaSi da
imdenad akontrolebs, ukrZalavs sakuTar erT nawils, meoresTan urTierTobas, rom
xSirad gaunZrevlad, umoqmedo pozaSia gaSeSebuli. aseTi Zlieri formis
retrofleqsirebuli mxolod iZulebiTi aucileblobis situaciaSi Sedis ara
marto sxvebTan urTierTobaSi, aramed sakuTar TavTanac ki. Cveulebriv aseTi
retrofleqsirebuli ugulebelyofs, rogorc sxvebis aseve sakuTar
moTxovnilebebs, maTi dakmayofilebis gzebs. aseTi retrofleqsirebulis
mkurnalobisas man jer sakuTar TavTan mimarTeba unda ganicados, gaacnobieros da
Semdeg, am gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT sxvebTan daamyaros kontaqti. msgavsad imisa,

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rodesac erT ucxo enas kargad euflebian, ufro advilia meores swavla, vidre am
codnis gareSe.
retrofleqsiis dros, agznebis energia, imis magivrad, rom gare realobasTan
kontaqtSi, mis gardasaqmnelad da moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad daixarjos,
fuWad, sakuTar Tavze mimarTebaSi ixarjeba. amitom retrofleqsirebuli adamiani
ar viTardeba, ar ganicdis pirovnul zrdas da daxmarebas saWiroebs.

defleqsia

defleqsia warmoadgens dacviT reaqcias, romelic gamoixateba ganrideba, Tvalis

aridebaSi (pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT). am dros adamians obieqti
fokusSi, centrSi ki ar hyavs moqceuli, aramed dakvirveba sxva meorexarisxovan
obieqtze an fonze gadaaqvs. amiT subieqti aqrobs, aneitralebs Sesaxeb obieqtTan
kontaqts. Sedegad gaurbis im daZabulobas, romelic adamianTan an raime obieqtTan
kontaqts moaqvs. adamiani am dros realobisgan abstragirebas axdens, gamoTqvams
zogad, arafris mTqmel frazebs, riTac gaurbis realobasTan cocxal kontaqts.
minimumamde dahyavs situaciaSi sakuTari emociuri CarTuloba.
Tu ratom iqceva adamiani ase, mizezi isev bavSvobidan araswori aRzrdidan
momdinareobs. Cveulebriv adamianis bunebrivi reaqciaa fokusSi moaqcios, kontaqti
daamyaros interesis obieqtTan, magram Cvens realobaSi dominirebs qcevis normebi,
romlis mixedviTac mraval intimur saintereso obieqts bavSvma Tvali unda aaridos,
ar unda miaCerdes, radgan es ar iTvleba zrdilobian, karg tonad. xSirad
sazogadoebis mxridan, aseTi qceva siTavxeded da uzrdelobadaa Sefasebuli.
defleqsiis dros realoba fokuss dakargulad, gadRabnilad, gafermkrTalebulad
gamoiyureba. awmyo kargavs Tavis aqtualobas, ris gamoc adamiani TiTqos droisa da
sivrcis SegrZnebis gareSea. es erTgvari daZabulobisgan ganmuxtvis efeqtis mqone
reaqciaa, magram Tu refleqsurad da sistematurad meordeba, adamiani ver axerxebs
misTvis mniSvnelovan adamianebTan da obieqtebTan kontaqtis damyarebas, ris gamoc
misi moTxovnilebebi daukmayofilebeli, TviTon ki imedgacruebuli da
frustrirebuli rCeba.
sqematurad defleqsiis SemTxveva ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT:

adamiani gare realobis obieqts fokusSi ar aqcevs, Tvals aridebs mas. defleqsiis
saSualebiT adamiani ebrZvis, Trgunavs im agznebas, romelic obieqtis interesiT aris
warmoSobili. amas igi Tvalis aridebiT axerxebs. defleqsiis manevrirebiT adamianebi
cdiloben, uxerxulobiT, simorcxviT, SiSiT gamowveuli gancdebis ignorirebas da
amiT maTTvis aqtualuri, magram usiamovno situaciebTan Tavis aridebas.
es imas niSnavs, rom defleqsiiT manevrireba umravles SemTxvevaSi saziano,
usargeblo qcevaa. adamianebTan, obieqtebTan urTierToba subieqtis
moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare xan moiTxovs kontaqts, xan ganridebas. rodesac

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kontaqtia moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad saWiro da subieqti ganridebas
anxorcielebs, iseve rogorc, Tu ganridebaa saWiro moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad da subieqti kontaqts mimarTavs, orive SemTxvevaSi qceva
aramizanSewonilad CaiTvleba. moTxovnilebidan gamomdinare bevr SemTxvevaSi
ganridebiTi defleqsiuri qcevac SeiZleba aRmoCndes saWiro da mizanSewonili.
obieqturia, rom SevafasoT defleqsiuri qceva xan sasargebloa da xan saziano,
amitom misi gamoyeneba gamarTlebuli rom iyos is gacnobierebulad unda
sruldebodes. diplomatiuri saubari imiTi gamoirCeva, rom xSirad mtkivneuli
sakiTxebis cnobierad gverdis avla xdeba, riTac momavalSi igive sakiTxebis
gadaWra ufro SesaZlebelia da advili. aseT gverdis asavlel sakiTxebs
miekuTvneba mtkivneuli nacionaluri da intimuri Temebi. amgvari sakiTxebis
midgomisas defleqsiuri qceva xSirad gamarTlebulia.
problemebi maSin iwyeba, rodesac defleqsiuri qceva avtomaturad,
gaumarTleblad xSirad meordeba. aseTi adamianisTvis rTulia Rrma kontaqtSi
Sevides sxvasTan, aseve movlenis arsSi, siRrmiseulad gaerkves.
defleqsiis qcevis mqonesTan muSaobisas mniSvnelovania problemaze taqtianad
miTiTeba, rom aman klientSi mZafri protesti da negativiseburi reaqcia ar
gamoiwvios. amasTan fokusSi mosaqcevia, figura, romelic ganridebas iwvevs da
gasacnobierebelia is SegrZnebebi, romlebic klients am dros ganridebisken
ubiZgebs. aseve unda gacnobierdes mxareebis _ me-Sen mimarTeba, rom laparakisas
xSirad aRiniSnos mxareebis dasaxeleba me da Sen, rac acnobierebs, acocxlebs
fermkrTal kontaqts.

konfluencia
(Serwyma)

konfluencia, anu Serwyma gamoixateba garemosTan gaTqvefaSi, sakuTar Tavsa da

garemos Soris sazRvris dakargva ver SegrZnebaSi. amis sapirispirod janmrTeli
organizmi garkveviT, mkafiod ganicdis, Tu ra sazRvrebSi imyofeba misi `me~ da gare
realoba, romelTanac is garkveuli saxis kontaqtSi, urTierTobaSia. konfluenciis
problema avtonomiis, identobis dakargvaSi vlindeba. adamiani imas fiqrobs,
ganicdis da akeTebs rasac mas garemo axvevs Tavs.
konfluenciis problema dabadebamde fizikur da fsiqologiur mdgomareobidan
momdinareobs. Casaxvidan dabadebamde bavSvi da deda erT rTul fizikur organizms
warmoadgenen, romelSiac saerTo fsiqo-fizikuri procesebi mimdinareobs. am
periodSi Serwyma bunebrivi, normaluri mdgomareobaa, romelic aucilebelia
embrionis prenatalur ganviTarebisaTvis. embrioni fizikurad Serwymulia dedis
organizmTan, misi saSualebiT iRebs wyals, sakvebs, sicocxlisTvis saWiro yvela
saWiro produqts. ise rom Tavad pasiuria am procesSi, ar sWirdeba rom

48
daupirispirdes gare realobas, radgan pasiuri Serwyma sakmarisia, misi zrda-
ganviTarebisTvis.
dabadeba da Wiplaris gadaWra bavSvisTvis warmoadgens dedasTan fizikuri
Serwymis dasrulebas, magram fizikuri gancalkeveba jer kidev ar niSnavs
damoukideblad arsebobisTvis mzaobas. imisTvis, rom adamianma damoukideblad
SeZlos arseboba saWiroa dedisgan fsiqologiuri avtonomiis mopovebac.
fsiqologiuri Serwyma fizikuri Serwymis garkveuli gamovlinebaa. fizikuri
damoukideblobis misaRwevad axalSobil bavSvs minimaluri aqtivoba dasWirda,
ZiriTadi aqtivoba isev dedam da garemom gaswia. rac Seexeba fsiqologiuri
damoukideblobis process, mis misaRwevad Tavad bavSvzea bevri ram
damokidebuli, Tu rogor gaarTmevs am rTul amocanas Tavs. aRniSnuli
problemis ver daZlevas Serwymamde mivyavarT. Serwyma esaa nevrotuli reaqcia
ganerido kontaqts. adamiani ver arCevs Tu sad mTavrdeba sakuTari me da iwyeba
sxvisi. igi Tavis azrebs, grZnobebs, survilebs ver ansxvaveben sxvisisgan. am
mdgomareobis gamomxatveli viTarebaa, rodesac laparakSi `me~-s magivrad
iyeneben `Cvens~, radgan gansxvaveba sxvadasxva `me~-ebs Soris ignorirebulia.
sqematurad Serwymis mdgomareoba ase SeiZleba gamovsaxoT.

sadac me-sa da garemos Soris kontaqtis sazRvari waSlilia, amiT adamiani

cdilobs Tavi daaRwios axal da ucxo gancdebs, konfliqts. cdilobs
waSalos, nivelireba moaxdinos im gansxvavebebis, romlebic arsebobs garemoSi.
sabWoTa kavSirSi, socialur sferoSi adamianTa cxovrebis donis gaTanabrebis
politika Serwymis reaqciis gamoxatuleba iyo. saxlis zoma, materialuri
Semosavali, Cacmuloba, azrebi da survilebi adamianebs iseTi unda hqonodaT,
rogorsac garemo, komunisturi partia hkarnaxobda. misi darRveva politikuri
danaSauli iyo. yvelaze ufro miuReblad iTvleboda da amitom mkacrad
isjeboda. am mxriv komunisturi sazogadoeba erTaderT gamonakliss ar
warmoadgens. Serwymis saxis tendenciebi, cnobierad Tu aracnobierad dadebuli
`SeTanxmebebi~ erTnairad ifiqron, aRiqvan, moiqcnen arsebobs wyvilebis,
partniorebis, ojaxis wevrebis, fexburTis gundis wevrebsa da mravali sxva
gaerTianebis warmomadgenlebs Soris; magram radgan bunebaSi ar arsebobs
zustad msgavsi ori organizmi, amitom Tavad arsebulis unikalobaSi devs
Serwymis darRvevis bunebrivi ltolva-moTxovnileba.
rodesac partniorebs Soris situacia iSleba Cveulebriv is vinc gancalkevebis
iniciatoria, Sinaganad danaSauls, brals ganicdis, xolo mopirispire mxare brals
sdebs aseTi saqcielisTvis. miuxedavad amisa, aseTi nabijis gadadgma xSirad
gamarTlebulia sakuTari interesebisa da moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT,
romelic upirispirdeba arsebuli situaciis SenarCunebas.
Serwymis situaciebidan aris iseTebic, romlebic met-naklebad warmatebiT
viTardeba, aseTTa kategorias miekuTvneba qorwineba, romelSiac ori adamiani nel-nela
erTi Sexedulebis, faseulobebisa da gemovnebis xdeba, fsiqologiurad erwymian ra

49
erTmaneTs. miuxedavad amisa, Serwyma upirispirdeba karg kontaqts, romlis drosac
gansxvavebuli mxareebi xedaven erTmaneTs, iTvaliswineben urTierTis pozicia-
Sexedulebebs da amis safuZvelze ageben urTierTmimarTebebs.
imisaTvis, rom moxdes Serwymis daZleva saWiroa sakuTar Tavze koncentrireba,
imis gacnobiereba, rom arsebobs grZnobebi da moTxovnilebebi, romlebic mxolod
Sen gaxasiaTebs. maTi dakmayofileba ki aucileblad ar iwvevs sasurveli
urTierTobebis gawyvetas, konfliqts axlobel adamianebTan. Serwymis procesSi
damxmarea sakuTari moTxovnilebebisa da survilebis verbalizacia, maTi xmamaRla
warmoTqma, gacnobiereba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, muqaris SemTxvevaSi dacviTi funqciebis amoqmedeba da
ganrideba bunebrivi reaqciaa.
proeqciis, introeqciis, Serwymis, retrofleqsiisa da difleqsiis meSveobiT
organizmi cdilobs Caaqros iseTi agznebebi, romlebic misTvis zedmetad saSiSi da
Znelad gasamklavebelia, magram rogorc vnaxeT Tu es reaqciebi refleqsurad,
avtomaturad mudmivad meordebian, maSin amgvari reagireba nevrotuli qcevis saxes
iRebs. igi individis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas ewinaaRmdegeba, ris gamoc
pirovnuli zrda da ganviTareba ferxdeba.

nevrozi

rodesac adamianebi martod grZnoben Tavs Wamen;

rodesac brazoben siyvaruliT arian dakavebulni;
rodesac seqsualurad arian aRznebulni
tribunasTan gamodian.
vilhelm raixi

wina TavSi Cven introeqcia, proeqcia, Serwyma, retrofleqsia da difleqsia

davaxasiaTeT. isini ukiduresad, paTologiur gamovlinebaSi nevrotul qcevebs
warmoadgenen. nevrozi pirovnebis zrdis Sewyvetas, stagnacias warmoadgens.
ganviTarebis Sewyveta dauZleveli, gadaulaxavi konfliqti udevs safuZvlad,
romelic TviTganviTarebis, TviTregulaciis biologiur kanons ewinaaRmdegeba.
fric perlsis azriT: `adamiani socialuri da fsiqologiuri wonasworobis
SegrZnebiT ibadeba; es SegrZneba iseTive mwvavea, rogorc fizikuri wonasworobis
gancda. yoveli moqmedeba, romelsac is socialur Tu fsiqologiur doneze akeTebs,
aris wonasworobis aRdgenaze mimarTuli qceva. yoveli misi moqmedeba pirad
moTxovnilebebsa da sazogadoebis moTxovnilebebs Soris wonasworobis damyarebas
emsaxureba. am procesis sirTule momdinareobs ara wonasworobis mopovebis
survilis uaryofidan, aramed wonasworobis mopovebisa da SenarCunebis gamomwvev
qcevis Sesrulebis sirTulidan~.

50
 geStaltTerapiuli koncefciiT individi Tavisi arsiT ar aris antisocialuri
arseba. individsa da sazogadoebas Soris Tandayolili bunebrivi konfliqti ar
arsebobs. individs socialuri kontaqtebis moTxovnileba gaaCnia. garTuleba,
konfliqti individsa da sociums Soris maSin Cans, rodesac individs pirovnuli
zrda, momwifeba, sakuTari bunebisa da potencialis gaSla surs, magram frustracias
ganicdis. konfliqtis gadalaxva frustraciis winaSe aRmoCenas mis gacnobierebasa
da daZlevas niSnavs. individi da sociumi orive erTi mTlianis nawilebia, xolo
nawilebs Soris dapirispireba Tu arsebobs, es problemebis gaCenaze miuTiTebs.
individSi amgvari dapirispireba xSirad warmoiSveba biologiuri moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebasa da moralur-socialur moTxovnebis winaaRmdegobis gamo. es imgvari
situaciaa, rodesac individi TiTqos orad ixliCeba, misi erTi nawili meores
upirispirdeba. idealSi gacnobierebuli da garkveulad gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos,
rogorc biologiuri, ise socialur-moraluri moTxovnebi.
nawilebs Soris SesaZlo konfliqtis aseTi formulirebac SeiZleba. rodesac
individi Tavisi biologiuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad sazogadoebaze
zomaze met zewolas anxorcielebs, is kriminali xdeba, xolo rodesac sazogadoeba
Tavisi moralidan gamomdinare individze zomaze met zewolas axdens, individs
nevrozi unviTardeba.
nevrozi adamianis pirovnuli zrdis Sewyvetas, stagnacias warmoadgens. am dros
wydeba normaluri ganviTarebis procesi, irRveva adeqvaturi mimarTeba rogorc
garemosadmi, aseve sakuTari Tavisadmic; adamiani nevrozis dros rTuli, misi
ZalisTvis gadauWreli problemis winaSe dgeba, rodesac arsebuli konfliqti ar
aZlevs sakuTari moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisa da gacnobierebis saSualebas,
Sedegad igi erTi da igive konfliqtis gadauWrelad gameorebasa da tyveobaSi
imyofeba. konfliqti adamianis dezorganizaciaSi gamoixateba, adamians mravali
moTxovnileba da ltolva amoZravebs, rogor unda moxdes am moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofileba? normaSi adamians moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis mkafio ierarqia
gaaCnia, romelic gulisxmobs, rom garkveul moTxovilebebs pirvelxarisxovani,
danarCens ki meorexarisxovani prioriteti eniWebaT. magaliTad, Tuki saxli iwvis,
adamians ki kbilebi aqvs gasawmendi, pirvelxarisxovania Tavis gadarCena da ara
kbilebis xexvaze zrunva. nevrotiks ar gaaCnia moTxovnilebaTa mkafio ierarqia; Tu
ra dros ra moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebaa aqtualuri. aqedan gamomdinare, garemos
ra obieqtTanaa saWiro aqtualuri kontaqti da rasTan ara. geStaltis enaze rom
vTqvaT garemos ra obieqtebia dadebiTi kaTeqsisiT datvirTuli, romelTanac
miaxloveba kontaqtia, saWiro da ra obieqtebi uaryofiTi kaTeqsiiT damuxtuli,
romlebic ganridebas saWiroeben. idealSi adamianisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis naTeli ierarqia; amasTan gare obieqtebTan,
romlebic akmayofileben an xels uSlian moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas
mizanSewonili kontaqti da ganrideba. urTierToba imasac gulisxmobs, rom obieqti,
romelic moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebamde dadebiTi kaTeqsisis mqoned ganicdeba da
masTan kontaqti xorcieldeba, moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg uaryofiTi
kaTeqsisis mqoned ganicdeba da ganizideba.

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 normisagan gansxvavebiT nevrotikma ar icis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis ra
ierarqiiT isargeblos _ romeli obieqti miizidos, an ganizidos. Sedegad
nevrotikis qceva cudad organizebulia da ar emsaxureba moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebas. nevrotikisTvis rogorc aRvniSneT gaurkvevelia moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad ra obieqtTan Sevides kontaqtSi da ras ganaridos Tavi; am
gaurkvevlobis gamo nevrotiki ufro xSirad qcevaSi Seferxebulia da garemosTan
Tavis aridebis taqtikiT gamoirCeva.
nevrotikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia dacviTi qcevebi. misTvis erTis mxriv miuRebeli
da gaucnobierebelia sakuTari personis garkveuli nawilebi, maT geStalt TerapiaSi
rogorc aRvniSneT pirovnebaSi e. w. `xvrelebad~ moixsenieben, msgavsad holandiur
yvelSi arsebuli naxvretebisa. meores mxriv, nevrotiki Tavisi Tavis yalb
identifikacias axdens sxvasTan. Sedegad sakuTari me-s aqtualizaciis magier
nevrotiki Tavis Tavze warmodgenili xatis aqtualizacias cdilobs, es mcdeloba
marcxisTvisaa ganwiruli, radgan xati es ararealisturi identifikaciaa Tu rogori
unda rom iyos da ara realobaSi ras warmoadgens adamiani. swored pirovnebis is
nawili, romelic xatis nawils ar emTxveva warmoadgens gaucxoebul e. w. `TeTr
laqas~. fsiqoTerapia, am Sinaarsebis pirovnebisTvis gacnobiereba-dabrunebas
emsaxureba. imisaTvis, rom adamiani pirovnul zrdas ganicdides, igi unda gaxdes
iseTi, rogoric aris; gaacnobieros da miiRos Tavisi gaucxoebuli nawilebi,
mxolod amis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli pirovnuli zrda; anu sakuTari Tavis
aqtualizacia da ara xatis aqtualizaciis unayofo mcdeloba.
axla rac Seexeba nevrozisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebsa da simptomebs. maTgan
gamovyofT nevrotul SfoTvas, mousvenrobas, danaSaulis gancdas da aRSfoTebas.
mokled, SevexoT TiToeul maTgans.
nevrotuli SfoTva yvela saxis nevrozisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. igi Sedegia im
Sinagani konfliqtis, brZolis, romelic adamianSi xdeba. erTis mxriv, agzneba,
romelic adamians moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli qcevisken warmarTavs, xolo
meores mxriv, TviTkontroli, romelic Trgunavs, aferxebs agznebas, ganapirobebs
nevrotul mdgomareobas. es yovelive nevrotul SfoTvaSi, mousvenrobaSi
gamoixateba. es is viTarebaa, rodesac agzneba da misi kontroli-Sekavebis mcdeloba
adamianSi konfliqts warmoSobs. agzneba gulis, moqmedebis, sisxlis mimoqcevis
sunTqvis aCqarebaSi gamoixateba. am impulsebs nevrotiki TviTkontroliT, SekavebiT
pasuxobs. ikavebs sunTqvas, roTac aZnelebs aCqarebuli gulisTvis Jangbadis
miwodebas, aferxebs moZraobas-moqmedebas, roca amis sapirispirod Sinagani impulsebi
ganTavisuflebas, gamoxatvas saWiroeben. Sedegad saxezea Sinagani mZlavri impulsebi,
romelic adamianma da garemom warmoSo da am impulsebis fiziologiuri Sekavebis,
kontrolis mcdeloba. es yvelaferi adamianSi gamoixateba rogorc nevrotuli
SfoTva, romelic misTvis Semawuxebeli-autaneli. igi aqtualuri moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebaSi xelisSemSleli faqtoria. am procesis mokle formulireba aseTia:
nevrotuli SfoTva esaa agznebis, mRelvarebis Sekavebis Sedegi. sxvanairad asec
SeiZleba iTqvas. nevrotuli SfoTva esaa agznebis procesSi organizmisTvis
Jangbadis miwodebis Sekaveba.

52
 axla rac Seexeba nevrotuli SfoTvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli danaSaulis gancdisa
da sxvisi dadanaSaulebis simptomebs. adamianebs Soris normaluri, janmrTeli
urTierToba erTmaneTs Soris kontaqtis, procesis gacnobierebas moiTxovs. sakuTari
da sxvisi e. w. kontaqtis sazRvrebis, specifikuri maxasiaTeblebis, gagebas
gulisxmobs. amgvari urTierTobis Sedegia moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba sxvasTan,
SesaZlo Serwyma, erT sazRvrebSi moqceva. magram arsebobs Serwyma kontaqtis
gareSec, rodesac urTierToba, sxvisi miReba, masTan Sexeba ar cnobierdeba; aseTi
Serwyma xels uSlis kontaqts, urTierTmimarTebebis gacnobierebas, amgvari Serwyma
misi Sedegebi SeiZleba Semawuxebeli gaxdes. Sedegad Tu gaucnobierebeli Serwymis
Sewyvetaze pasuxismgebloba adamianma Tavis Tavze aiRo, maSin mas danaSaulis
grZnoba uCndeba. Tu Serwymis Sewyvetaze pasuxismgebloba partniors daakisra, maSin
aRSfoTeba bralis gancda mowinaaRmdege mxares miewereba. am simptomis mokle
formulireba aseTia. danaSaulis gancda es proeqcirebuli aRSfoTebaa, masze vinc
Seyrwmaze uari Tqva, an sakuTar Tavze, an partniorze. jansaRi konfliqtis aRdgena
is saSualebaa, romelic aneitralebs bralis gancdasa da nevrotul SfoTvas.
adamianis jgufTan an individTan kontaqtis gareSe Serwyma nevrotul reaqciebs
maSin warmoSobs, rodesac individi da jgufi erTdroulad sxvadasxva
moTxovnilebebs ganicdis. individma am dros ar icis romels mianiWos prioriteti im
moTxovnilebas, romelsac TviTon ganicdis Tu jgufis moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad izrunos. aseTi jgufis rolSi aris xolme eri, saxelmwifo,
ojaxi, naTesav-megobrebi. adamiani xSirad gardauvali alternativis winaSe dgas, Tu
ra gaakeTos, romeli moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebaze izrunos. konfliqti maSin
warmoiSveba, rodesac individis moTxovnileba upirispirdeba jgufis moTxovnilebas.
sakuTari moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba xSirad moiTxovs jgufisgan gandgomas, rac
specifikuri unaris gamoCenas niSnavs. jgufTan Serwymul individs prioritetuli
moTxovnilebis gamoyofis, ierarqiis Seqmnis unari ar gaaCnia. amitom, nevrotul
qcevebs anxorcielebs, misi sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebi daukmayofilebeli rCeba.
amis sapirispirod roca individs aqvs prioritetuli moTxovnilebebis gansazRvris
SesaZlebloba, unari Seswevs kontaqti daamyaros garemosTan, mis mier
ganxorcielebuli qceva Sedegis momtania misTvis da sabolo jamSi
sazogadoebisTvisac.
geStalt Terapia rogorc meTodika ZiriTadad nevrozis mkurnalobazea
mimarTuli da pirovnuli zrdis efeqtur sistemas warmoadgens.

fsiqozi

yvela sagani, misTvis TiTqos misawvdom farglebs miRma aRmoCnda. igi

imdenad Sors iyo yovelive imisgan, rac xdeboda, rom iq, sadac xedavda
da esmoda, TviTon arc ki imyofeboda. `rogorc aero-foto gadaReba~. _
fiqrobda bloxi kedlebze Camokidebuli irmis rqebis cqerisas. misTvis

53
 bgera samyaros miRma aRiqmeboda, rogorc xalxis xvelebisa da ceminebis
xma radioTi translirebuli RvTismsaxurebisas.
peter hadke
`mekaris SiSi TerTmetmetrianis dartymis win~

zigmund froidi, fsiqoanalitikur etiudebSi aanalizebda nevrozs da fsiqozs,

am ori jgufis fsiqikur daavadebebs. igi maT erTmaneTisgan asxvavebs `me~-s SigniT
mimdinare konfliqtis TvalsazrisiT. nevrozi `me~-s SigniT arsebuli darRvevaa,
romelic egosa da id-s Soris gadaulaxav konfliqtSi imaleba. romlis safuZvelic
individisa da socialur moTxovnilebebs Soris arsebuli da vergadaWrili,
mZafri dapirispirebaa. fsiqozs froidi aRwers, rogorc me-sa da gare realobis
Soris arsebul gadauWrel konfliqts, romlis drosac me ver axerxebs realobis
fantaziisgan, halucinaciisgan gansxvavebas, me-ze id-is dominirebis gamo fsiqopati
iluzorul samyaros qmnis da Semdeg masSi imyofeba. geStalt TerapiaSi
gaziarebulia aRniSnuli Sexeduleba, miuxedavad imisa, rom perlsi ZiriTadad
nevrozebis mkurnalobiT iyo dakavebuli, igi fsiqozebidan yuradRebas amaxvilebda,
paranoidul xasiaTsa da mis Taviseburebebze.
paranoiduli xasiaTisTvis, TeTr laqas sakuTari miuRebeli Sinaarsebi
warmoadgenen, romelTa gacnobiereba, introeqcia ar xdeba, radgan sakuTari
miuRebeli Sinaarsi ara sakuTrad, aramed ucxo sxeulad miiCneva. Sedegad, is
sxvebze, ara `me~-ze, gare realobaze proeqcirdeba, romlis mimarTac sastiki
agresiaa gamovlenili.
amas emateba zizRi, romelic miuRebeli garemos, realurad ki sakuTari ver
introicirebuli Sinaarsebis mimarTaa gamoxatuli, amrigad, konfliqtis sakuTar
TavSi, an mis gareT gadawyvetis mcdeloba marcxiT mTavrdeba. paranoiduli
xasiaTisTvis garemosadmi dapirispireba da agresia bunebrivi, mosalodneli
reaqciaa. drodadro aris mcdeloba, zizRis gamomwvevi Sinaarsebis gacnobiereba,
integrirebis, rac ver monelebuli produqtis xelaxla miRebis da xelaxali
gadamuSavebis mcdelobaa, Sedegad am masalis xelaxla gadaylapva, gemos gasinjva
kvlav zizRTan da am Sinaarsisadmi kvlav miuRebloba xelaxal agresiaSi
gamoixateba. paranoidul xasiaTSi ori ukiduresoba SeiniSneba erT SemTxvevaSi
zizRis gamomwvevi grZnoba sakuTar Tavzea mimarTuli, Tavs igi araraobad aRiqvams,
radgan identifikacias sibinZuresTan axdens, amis sapirispirod meore SemTxvevaSi
zizRi gare obieqtze proecirdeba. Sedegad, damcirebuli garemos fonze Tavis
gandideba xdeba. aseTi fsiqozis simptomia akviateba WuWyisgan ganTavisuflebis
mcdeloba, rac sakuTari sxeulis gamudmebul banvaSi gamoixateba.

geStalt Terapiis mizani da mimdinareoba

adamians SesaZlebelia waarTva yvelaferi, garda adamianur

TavisuflebaTa Soris uknasknelisa _ Tavisufleba airCios sakuTari
54
 damokidebuleba nebismier arsebul viTarebaSi, Tavisufleba airCios
sakuTari gza.
viqtor frankli

geStalt Terapevtis mizani da moqmedebis teqnika originaluri da tradiciuli

fsiqoTerapiuli modelebisagan gansxvavebulia. qvemoT moyvanili fsiqoTerapiuli
procedurebi mimarTulia adamianSi darRveuli TviTregulaciis procesis
aRdgenisaken. Terapiis mizania adamiani eyrdnobodes sakuTar Tavs, rom kontrolis
lokusi pirovnebis SigniT ganicdebodes.
rodesac aqcenti TviTregulaciis aRdgenaze keTdeba, es imas niSnavs, rom
cocxali adamiani brmad ar unda iyos Tavs moxveuli normebisa da standartebis
tyve. swored amitom, geStalt Terapia Tavis pacientad zedmetad gonebiT
warmarTul adamians ganixilavs; mas, visac sxvisgan gadmoRebuli, daStampuli
azrebiT, situaciis gauTvaliswineblad unda moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba,
warmatebis miRweva. amis sawinaaRmdegod, adamiani, romelsac SeuZlia
sazogadoebisadmi keTilganwyobili iyos, brmad ar iziarebs mis faseulobebs, araa
aTqvefili masSi, gaaCnia pirovnuli saxe, ansxvavebs sakuTars garemoSi arsebuli
Sexedulebebisgan, ar sWirdeba geStalt Terapia; igi axerxebs ise daikmayofilos
sakuTari moTxovnilebebi, rom gadauWrel, gaucnobierebel konfliqtSi ar Sevides
sociumTan da arc gaiWylitos da gaiTqvifos masSi.
geStalt Terapia pirovnuli zrdis mxardamWeri procesia, romelic realisturi
`me~-s gacnobiereba, rekonstruqcias emsaxureba. nevrotuli me ki iluzoruli `me~-s
xatis aqtualizirebis fuWi mcdelobaa. aq unda aRvniSnoT rom didi mniSvneloba
aqvs adamiani ramdenad zustad, adeqvaturad acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs. pirovnuli
zrdisa da pozitiuri cvlilebisaTvis aucilebelia pirovnebam miiRos sakuTari
`me~ iseTad, rogoric is aris realurad da ara Selamazebulad. rodesac adamiani
adeqvaturad acnobierebs sakuTar realobas mas Sansi eZleva ukeTesobisken
Seicvalos, xolo Tavis araadeqvaturad aRqmis situaciaSi amas moklebulia. misi
qceva ararealisturia, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom aseTi qceva ver akmayofilebs im
moTxovnilebas, romlis dasakmayofilebladacaa mimarTuli. geStalt Terapevti
arkvevs, Tu ras eyrdnoba pirovneba moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. Tu
nevrotikis daxmarebis wyaro mxolod sxvebi arian, momwifebuli adamianis sayrdeni
sakuTari Tavia. geStalt Terapevti cdilobs moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli
sayrdeni adamianma sxvebidan, garemodan sakuTar TavSi aRmoaCinos da gadaitanos.
rodesac pacienti geStalt TerapevtTan midis is fsiqologiur krizisSi imyofeba,
romelsac damoukideblad ver umklavdeba, amitom fsiqoTerapevtis daxmarebaze did
molodins amyarebs. geStalt Terapevtis reaqcia erTi SexedviT ucnaurad
gamoiyureba. igi daxmarebis magier zomier frustracias mimarTavs. igi pacientis
yavarjeni, sayrdeni ki ar xdeba, aramed cdilobs, rom pacientSi sakuTari Tavis
damxarebis motivi da resursi gaaRvivos. Sedegad adamians problemis gadaWrisas
sxvisi Zieba ki ar unda moundes, aramed saWiro Zalebi sakuTar TavSi unda
aRmoaCinos. aseTia geStalt Terapevtis mxridan daxmarebis strategia.

55
 imisaTvis, rom sasurvel mizans miaRwios geStalt Terapevti arsenalSi Semdegi
procedurebia: urTierTdapirisrebulTa gaerTianeba, grZnobebze yuradRebis
gamaxvileba, cnobierebis gafarToeba, sizmrebze fantaziebze da sxeulze muSaoba,
pasuxismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze aReba, winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva.
geStalt Terapevti ara marto Teoriul codnas unda flobdes, aramed
warmatebuli muSaobisTvis didi gamocdilebac esaWiroeba. swored gamocdilebaze
dayrdnobiTaa SesaZlebeli im siZneleebis gadalaxva, rac Terapiul process Tan
axlavs. amitom geStalt procedurebis meqanikurad Sesruleba Sedegis momtani araa.
am procedurebis miRma unda idges geStalt Terapevtis Rrma gamocdileba da
intuicia, romelic amCnevs klientSi mimdinare procesebs, ar moqmedebs daStampuli
TanmimdevrobiT, aramed intuiciurad, spontanurad, xSirad paradoqsulad, cocxali
urTierTobidan gamomdinare.
am garemoebaTa gamo geStalt Terapia erT-erT yvelaze rTulad
gansaxorcielebel procedurad iTvleba.

grZnobebze koncentrireba

geStalt Terapias, misi ganviTarebis adreul stadiaSi `koncentrtaciiT

Terapiis~ saxeliTac moixseniebdnen. es SemTxveviTi ar aris, radgan arsebul
modelSi Terapevti didi rols aniWebs problemis aRmoCenas da masze klientis
yuradRebis koncentracias. adamianisTvis SegrZnebebi da grZnobebi garemosTan
kontaqtSi yofnis saSualebebia: amitom, rodesac organizmi grZnobis sicxades
kargavs, es nevrotul, ganridebis meqanizmis mimaniSnebelia.
adamiani xSirad rodesac usiamovno Sinaarsis gancdebs exeba wyvets realobaze
koncentrirebas, mis gacnobierebis. amis Sedegia, Seferxebuli qceva, daumTavrebeli
geStalti. awmyoSi arsebuli SiSi da usiamovneba warsulSi arsebul marcxze da
warumateblobaze metyvelebs. Sinaarsi, romelic cnobierebidan ganidevna ar iqna
gacnobierebuli. imisaTvis, rom warsulis awmyoze mavne zegavlena Sesustdes,
saWiroa daumTavrebeli geStaltis gacnobiereba-damTavreba. es mniSvnelovania
Semdegi garemoebebis gamo: rodesac adamiani ar ewinaaRmdegeba raime Sinaarss, maSin
misi energia fuWad ar ixarjeba. misi cnobierad saWiro mimarTulebiT warmarTvis
SesaZlebloba Cndeba. meores mxriv, rodesac adamianSi mimdinare brZola-
dapirispireba cnobierdeba SesaZlebloba iqmneba urTierTsawinaaRmdego ZalTa erT
geStaltSi integrirebis, rac adamians saSualebas aZlevs sakuTari miznebi da
amocanebi saWiro mimarTulebiT warmarTvisaTvis.
aqtualizirebuli, integrirebuli adamiani naTlad, adeqvaturad aRiqvams masSi
aRmocenebul grZnobebs, ar axdens maT ignorirebas. naTlad ganicdis realobas,
cocxlad reagirebs masze. sxvagvarad gamoiyureba nevrotuli adamiani, misi energia
realobisgan wamosul grZnobebTan brZolaSi ixarjeba. is ar iRebs realobas
iseTad, rogoric is aris, aramed ebrZvis mas, rom ar dainaxos, ar aRiqvas rogoric

56
is sinamdvileSia. sakuTar grZnobebTan mebrZoli adamiani TiTqos SuaSia
gaxleCili, misi erTi nawili meores upirispirdeba. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa
adamianma erTis mxriv, miiRos grZnobebi, gancdebi, romlebic manamde gandevna-
maskirebas eqvemdebareboda, meores mxriv gaacnobieros masSi mimdinare konfliqti,
misi Semdgomi daZlevis mizniT.
arsebobs aseTi Sexeduleba, rom geStalt Terapias saWiroeben e. w. gonebiT
zedmetad warmarTuli adamianebi, romlebic brmani arian sakuTari grZnobebisa da
gancdebisadmi. igulisxmeba iseTi adamiani, romlis qceva Tavsmoxveuli,
stereotipuli, Sexedulebidan gamomdinareobs. aseTi adamianebi sakuTar grZnobebis
ignorirebas axdenen. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa aRmoaCinos amgvari faqti da
Tavad klientsac miaqcevinos masze yuradReba.
rogorc aRvniSneT geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa klients yuradReba grZnobebze
gaamaxvilebinos. es erTi SexedviT martivi saqme arc ise advili
gansaxorcielebelia. rodesac adamiani intensiuri grZnobebiTa da gancdebiTaa
Sepyrobili is moklebulia maTze dakvirvebis unars. rodesac is raimes akvirdeba,
maSin mxolod dakvirvebiTaa dakavebuli da mis miRma arsebuli grZnobebi
ikargebian. amis gamoa, rom garedan damkvirvebeli bevr rames amCnevs, xolo
procesSi CarTuli adamiani igives ver xedavs. Terapevtma xSirad da
tyuilubralod ar unda ixmaros sityvebi daakvirdiT Tqvens grZnobebs, ganicadeT
Tqveni SiSi an sixaruli, radgan es arcTu ise martivad gansaxorcielebelia.
grZnobebze dakvirvebisTvis Terapevtma specifikuri pirobebi unda Seuqmnas
klients. adamianisTvis, romelic SfoTavs, Relavs, aforiaqebulia, eSinia, Znelia
moaxerxos koncentrireba sakuTar Tavze. Tu adamiani mSvidadaa, dadebiTi
emociebiTaa daxunZluli, ndobas ganicdis fsiqoTerapevtis mimarT, aseTi
adamianisTvis advilia grZnobebisadmi yuradRebis gamaxvileba, maTze dakvirveba.
geStalt Terapevtis jgufSi, mTavari amocanaa sasurveli fonis Seqmna.
geStalt Terapiuli muSaoba Cveulebriv or skamze jgufis wris SigniT
mimdinareobs. SesaZlebelia erT skamze pirovnebis gancdebis gamomxatveli `me~ iyos
gaxmovanebuli, romelic meore skamze myof racionalur `me~-sTaaa dialogSi, am
dros, geStalt Terapevts SesaZlebloba eZleva pirovnebis emociebis gamoxatvaze
saWiro aqcentebi gaakeTos, riTac mas exmareba Rrmad gaacnobieros sakuTari
grZnobadi Sinaarsebi, romelTa mimarTac is gaucxoebulia.
grZnobebi da emociebi ara marto verbalurad gamoixateba. geStalt Terapevtma
didi yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos araverbalur Sinaarsebze. geStalt Terapia
sruliad iziarebs Seqspiris Sexedulebas, rom sityvebi imisaTvisaa, rom simarTle
damalon. adamianis mimika, Jestikulacia, poza geStalt Terapevtis udides
informacias aZlevs Tu ra winaaRmdegoba arsebobs klientSi. ra konfliqti
mimdinareobs masSi. romeli grZnobebia represirebuli, daTrgunuli da amis
sapirispirod ra dominirebs. pozaze, Jestze, mimikebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT
geStalt Terapevts saSualeba eZleva gaaZlieros ama Tu im daTrgunuli grZnobis
gamoxatva.

57
 urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa sinTezi

yvelaze kargad man icis, Tu ra aris sikeTis fasi, vinc boroteba

ganicada.
inglisuri andaza

ar gasinjav mwares, ver gaigeb tkbils.

inglisuri andaza

jer mware Wame kvlav tlbili Tu eZeb gemovnebasa

daviT guramiSvili

geStalt Terapevtis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocana adamianSi arsebuli

urTierTdapirispirebuli Zalebis aRmoCena-integraciaa. geStalt Terapevti
integraciaze praqtikuli muSaobisas or sakiTxs unda iTvaliswinebdes: pirveli _
daexmaros klients `me~-sa da garemos diferencirebaSi. `me~ da `garemo~ garkveuli
TvalsazrisiT, Tavidanve urTierTdapirispirebuli erTeulebia. mniSvnelovania amis
gacnobiereba. ZiriTadi darRvevebi proeqciis, introeqciis, retrofleqsiis,
Serwymis saxiT, swored am safuZvelzea warmoSobili. magaliTad, adamiani
proeqciisas sakuTar nawils garemos miawers, an amis sapirispirod introeqciisas
garemos nawili sakuTari `me~-s aspeqtad miiCneva, amitom `me~-sa da garemos
diferencirebaSi daxmareba geStalt Terapevtis mniSvnelovani amocanaa.
geSlat Terapevtis meore amocanaa `me~-s SigniT sakuTari
urTierTdapirispirebuli nawilebis aRmoCena. im nawilebis, romlebic erTmaneTTan
konfliqtSi arian. geStalt Terapevti klients exmareba, rom maT Sesabamisi saxeli
daerqvaT. magaliTad, `me~-s nawili romelic Tavs esxmis, xolo meore _ Tavs icavs.
Cveulebriv, `me~-s Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcveli nawilebi cxovrebiseuli
personaJebis gamomxatveli arian. magaliTad, Tavdamsxmeli mkacri dedis
gansaxierebaa, xolo Tavdamcveli _ susti bavSvis, rogoric erT dros Tavad iyo.
amis msgavsad geStalt Terapevtma `me~-s SigniT konfliqtSi myofi sxva nawilebic
unda aRmoaCinos, romlebic klientisTvis problemas warmoadgens. aRniSnuli
konfliqti geStalt Terapevtis mier, rogorc wesi jgufis wreSi, or skamze
viTardeba, romlebzec klienti Tavisi `me~-s sxvadasxva aspeqtebs gamoxatavs.
geStalt Terapevti akvirdeba ra urTierTdapirispirebul Zalebs, Sesabamisad
arkvevs Tu romeli maTgania dominanti da romeli dominirebuli. Cveulebriv
konfliqturi mxareebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, swored simZlavriT. erTi
Cagravs, aCumebs, mbrZaneblobs meoreze. Terapevti ori skamis meTodiT cdilobs, rom
TiToeulma mxarem mTlianad gamoxatos Tavi. adamiani romelSiac dominirebs
daTrgunuli, SeboWili mxare Tavadac analogiurad SeboWilad gamoiyureba. xolo
visSic dominirebs agresiuli mxare Tavadac qcevebSi mouzomeli da zedmetad

58
eqspansiuria. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa meti koncentracia gaakeTos, waaqezos,
gaaaqtiuros daTrgunuli mxare, xolo dominanti mxare gaakritikos, Seasustos,
Seaviwrovos. Sedegad Terapevtma Tavisi CareviT unda ecados gaawonasworos
mxareebi, rom mCagvreli da Cagruli aRar arsebobdes. amgvari gawonasworeba axali
poziciis mqone geStaltis Seqmnas niSnavs, romlis Sinaarsic gacnobierebulia.
Sedegad adamiani orad ar ixliCeba da energia Sinagan brZolaze aRar exarjeba, igi
ukve gamiznulad garemosTan kontaqtzea mimarTuli.

urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa gaerTianeba

Tineijeri Tiniko, 20 w. problema depresia, gaubedaoba, simorcxve.

Tavdamcveli: minda gavecalo Cems garemos (susti da ususuri xmiT), veravin ver
migebs, aravis esmis Cemi, arc aravis vaintereseb, minda wavide, ise rom aravis
davenaxo (saxeze SfoTva da daZabuloba), isini davsajo amiT.
Tavdamsxmeli: sisustea, rodesac grZnobebsa xar ayolili. ase 7 wlis bavSvi
wuwunebs (mkacri uemocio saxiT, mkveTri ulmobeli xmiT). geTqmis axla Sen rom
didi xar? vis moewonebi aseTi? jobia sxvebze ifiqro, Tu rogor daexmaro
Senze bevrad metad uWirT, magram iTmenen da amiT igeben...
Tavdamcveli: kargad vici, rasac msayvedurob... (xelebi daZabuli, fexebi erTmaneTze
gadajaWvuli), magram xom arian iseTebic magaliTad, xaTuna, sul ar
ainteresebT vinmes azri, arc momavali da mSvenivrad arian... Wrelo pepela
gafrindi nela... araviTari sxva filosofia.
Tavdamsxmeli: Sen sxva xar (sxeuli moSvebuli, Tavisufali, magram
kontrolirebadi) kargad gicnob, marTalia zogjer maTsaviT iqcevi, magram es
mxolod maTi SenTan yofnis dros, marto yofnisas sul sxva grZnobebi, azrebi.
mere ra mogwons xaTunaSi? `motoriani krazana~! vinmes moswons Sens garda,
yvela garekilad sTvlis sul CxubSi da kamaTSia.
Tavdamcveli: aRar SemiZlia Seni mosmena, Tavi momabezre aseTi `mzrunveli~ deda
sul ar mWirdeba. gaTavda dReidan Sens rCevebs da brZanebebs aRar vusmen da
arc vasruleb. meyo aqamde rac viTmine Sengan. axla me vici rasac gavakeTeb da
rogoric viqnebi. yovel SemTxvevaSi Sen SenTvis, me _ CemTvis.
Terapevti Tavdamsxmels: Seecade gamoxato da agrZnobino Tu raoden giyvars da
zrunav masze (Tavdamcvelze) rogor ganicdi yovelives.
Tavdamsxmeli: me rasac vakeTeb yvelafers Senze zrunvisTvis vakeTeb.
(Tavdajerebuli, wynari gamometyvelebiT). sikeTe minda SenTvis, minda dagicva
da gagifrTxilde am mkacr samyaroSi, rom ara Cemi simkacre Zalian
gagiWirdeboda.
Terapevti Tavdamcvels: Seecade gaugo da miiRo misgan rasac piradad
SemogTavazebs, Senis mxriv auxseni ra gsurs miiRo, ra urTierTobas sTavazob.

59
Tavdamcveli: zrunav Cemze? (daTrgunvas pozaSi cvlis grZnobebis siWarbe da odnavi
agresia). me ki am `zrunvisgan~ viTrgunebi, imdenad rom axloblebTan
urTierTobis survilic ki ara maqvs. esec Seni sikeTe da gafrTxileba. Tu raime
miWirs Sens gamo miWirs da dedaCemisgan. ara am mkacri samyarosgan.
Tavdamsxmeli: (SeSmuSnulia, fiqrobs) ici, miuxedavad imisa, rasac meubnebi,
CemSi bevri kargia. energia, Zala, siyvarulis unari. ise mec mainteresebs Tu ras
moiTxov Cemgan. miTxari mainc...
Tavdamcveli:me momwons Seni nebisyofa (daTrgunvas cvlis, interesi da garkveuli
azarti) energia, is me namdvilad gamomadgeba cxovrebaSi, ar momwons Seni
urTierTobis stili. zedmetad momTxovni da mbrZanebuluri toni, me ufro met
Tavazianobasa da delikaturobas vinatrebdi. ase rom iyos Seni ara marto
SiSi, pativiscemac meqneboda.
Terapevti Tavdamsxmels: mieci piroba da daarwmune mis Txovnas rom ausruleb.
Tavdamsxmeli: madloba rCevisTvisa da SeniSvnebisaTvis (poza daZabulia,
damnaSavis intonaciebia xmaSi). me ver vamCnevdi imas, rasac mimiTiTeb, Tumca
axla bevr rames CemSi kritikulad vxedav. vecdebi mogce Cemi nebisyofa da
energia, Cemis mxriv gTxovdi ar iyo zedmetad pasiuri. (aCvenebs Tavis unars.
daZabos da akontrolos xelebiT sakuTari Tavi da demonstrirebs). meti ifiqre
da cota SemoqmedebiTad, ara sworxazovnad.
Terapevti Tavdamcvels: ecade madloba gadauxado rCevisTvis da Seni mxridanac
gaiRe raime, is xom Seni mniSvnelovani nawilia...
Tavdamcveli: ver warmoidgendi... (fiqrobs saxeze energiuloba etyoba) gamexarda
Seni danapirebi. axla energiasac vgrZnob da sul ara var daTrgunuli,
daSlili, pirvelad didi xnis Semdeg vgrZnob sakuTar Tavs iseTad, rogoric
minda rom viyo da ver vaxerxebdi. mivxvdi, rom SemiZlia viyo iniciativisa da
aqtivobis mqone, rasac xSirad vkargav xolme, ubralod maviwydeba... axla
TiTqos gamovfxizldi.
Tavdamsxmeli: Zalian momwonxar, aseTi iyavi da mec dagexmarebi riTac
SemeZleba. axla ara marto ar maRizianeb, iseTs vxedav Sens pozasa da mzeraSi,
rac gamSvidebs, Seni aRar mrcxvenia. vgrZnob, rom Zlieri xar da arc
daikargebi, Tundac aseT mkacr garemoSi.
Tavdamcveli: axla arc me giyureb mtrulad (igrZnoba Tavdajerebuloba, poza
SemarTulia, imediani). piriqiT, Cven erTi mTliani arseba varT, me gendobi da
xels giwvdi megobrobisTvis... (xels uwvdis).
Terapevti: aerTebs erTmaneTTan or skams da sTxovs SuaSi moTavsdes. ganicade,
orive nawili (Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcvelic) da daakvirdes sakuTar
STabeWdilebas.
klienti: didi madloba... (gamoiyureba SemarTuli, kmayofili da TavisTavSi
darwmunebuli) Tavs ise vgrZnob, rom nebismier problemasa da siZneles
gadavlaxav...
Terapevti: didi madloba...

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 geStalt Terapevtis aqtiuri dakvirvebisa da Semdeg procesis warmarTvis
gareSe klienti uZluria aRmoaCinos, rogorc konfliqti, aseve misi mxareebi.
amasTan xSiria, rodesac klienti mis SigniT mimdinare konfliqts SecdomiT massa
da garemos Soris arsebul konfliqtad miiCnevs. amgvari proeqciis aRmoCena da
adeqvaturad warmoCenac geStalt Terapevtis kompetencias miekuTvneba.
Terapevtis gamocdilebas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, mis codnas
urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa bunebis Sesaxeb. magaliTisTvis, mravali adamiani
grZnobs ra sakuTar TavSi, xasiaTis sisustesa da pasiurobas, cdilobs Tavi
warmoaCinos yvelafris gadamlaxavad zedmetad agresiulad. xolo am ori
ukiduresobis adaptaciurma integraciam adamians SesaZlebelia misces xasiaTis
simyare da emociuri gawonasworebuloba. Sedegad, sxvadasxva situaciebSi, mas
eZleva unari gamoavlinos Tavisi xasiaTis orive ukiduresoba saWiroebidan
gamomdinare.
Terapevtma klientTan urTierTobaSi xasiaTis erTi ukiduresobis gamovlenisas
unda igulisxmos, rom iqve sxva doziT meore ukiduresobac unda iyos. Cveulebriv,
aseTi ukiduresobebia: emociuroba-racionaloroba, damoukidebuleba-gaucxoeba,
egoisturoba-altruistuloba, aqtiuroba-pasiuroba, feminuroba-maskulinuroba da a. S.
TiToeul adamianSi urTierTdapirispirebuloba sxvadasxva doziTaa gamovlenili.
rogorc avRniSneT urTierTdapirispirebul mxareTa integracia ori skamis
meTodis gamoyenebiT mimdinareobs. aucilebelia, rom klientTan SeTanxmebiT orive
mxares Tavisi saxeli daerqvas, magaliTad, Tavdamsxmeli-Tavdamcveli. imis mere,
rac aRniSnuli mxareebi mniSvnelovnad gamoxataven TavianT Tavs, geStalt
Terapevtma SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli mxareebis cxovrebiseuli prototipebic
Semoiyvanos dialogSi, rogorc konfliqturi mxare. magaliTad, Tavdamsxmelis
mxares, SeiZleba bavSvobisdroindeli mkacri dedis saxe Caenacvlos, romelic igive
damokidebulebas avlens klientisadmi. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom aRniSnuli deda
axla cocxali aRar iyos, maSin klients fsiqoTerapiul dialogSi sTxoven
mogonebaSi arsebuli dedis xatis gacocxleba-gansaxierebas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom fsiqoTerapevtma ori skamis meTodika auditoriis gareSec
SeiZleba gamoiyenos, jgufis arseboba da pozitiurad procesSi CarTuloba ufro
efeqturs xdis integraciis process.
gacnobierebis gafarToveba

cogito ergo sum

vazrovneb, ese igi varsebob.
rene dekarte

geStalt Terapevtis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocana gacnobierebis gafarToebaa.

swored gacnobiereba qmnis im gamocdilebas, romelic klientis pirovnuli zrdis
safuZvels warmoadgens. yoveli axali mniSvnelovani Sinaarsis mqone gacnobiereba
pirovnuli winsvlisTvis biZgs warmoadgens. geStalt Terapevti `aq da amJamad~
principiT moqmedebisas cdilobs klients gaacnobierebinos da aTqmevinos is rac

61
mas am procesSi emarTeba. samyaroze dakvirvebisaTvis, gare realobis aRsaqmelad
adamianma teleskopi moigona. warmovidginoT, rom teleskopis meore bolodan
adamiani sakuTar TavSi CavaxedeT, davanaxeT Tu ra emarTeba mas, rodesac
garemosTanaa kontaqtSi; swored amas cdilobs geStalt Terapevti rodesac
klientis gacnobierebis gafarTovebaze muSaobs. aqtualizirebuli adamiani
acnobierebs Tu ra mosdis mas, rodesac garemosTan kontaqtSi imyofeba,
gansxvavebiT nevrotuli adamianisa, romelic ver ganicdis da ver acnobierebs
sakuTar Tavs garemosTan urTierTobaSi. geStalt Terapevti erTgvari teleskopur
fanjaras sTavazobs klients, Tavisi Tavis ukeT SemecnebisTvis.
gacnobierebis gafarToeba sakuTari Tavis gagebis gzaa. geStalt Terapiis
procesSi gamoiyeneba meditaciis msgavsi procesi, romelic pirovnebis Siga, gare da
Sua zonis gacnobierebas warmoadgens, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom Tu meditaciis
dros adamiani pasiuria da dinebas miyveba, aRniSnul procesSi subieqti aqtiurad
muSaobs. akvirdeba ra sakuTar TavSi arsebul Sinaarsebs es procesi ase
gamoiyureba; geStalt Terapevti klients Txovs Tanmimdevrulad gaacnobieros Siga,
gare da Sua Sris Sinaarsebi. Siga Sris gacnobiereba ase gamoiyureba, geStalt
Terapevti klients sTxovs komfortulad moTavsdes skamze, Tvalebi daxuWos,
daakvirdes im SegrZnebebs, romlebic kansqveS ganicdeba. imisaTvis, rom es procesi
qaoturi ar iyos, Terapevti Txovs daiwyos im SegrZnebebis verbalurad aRwera,
romelic fexis terfebidan momdinareobs, gadadis wvivebis kunTebze kiTxviT,
barZayebis, genitaliebis, zurgis, kisris, saxis mimikis da a. S. aRweraze. kiTxvebi
exeba sxeulis calkeul adgilebSi diskomfortul SegrZnebebs. saboloo mizania
klientma igrZnos, gaacnobieros, miiRos Tavisi Sinagani zona, sxeulSi arsebuli
SegrZnebebi. nevrotul adamians dakarguli aqvs sxeulis SegrZnebaTa aqtualuri
gancda, is zogadad cudad grZnobs Tavs, magram uWirs amis konkretulad
gacnobiereba da aRwera. cvlileba, anu ukeTesisken nabiji iwyeba maSin, rodesac
adamiani ganicdis Tavs iseTad rogoric is aris; am varjiSis magaliTze sxeulis
gancdis adeqvaturad.
gare zonis gacnobierebis gafarToebis varjiSi ase gamoiyureba: geStalt
Terapevti Txovs klients daakvirdes im gancdebs, romlebic Tanmimdevrulad
mimdinareobs vizualur, akustikur, ynosviT, SexebiT modalobebSi. Terapevti
cdilobs klientma yuradReba gaamaxvilos im modalobebze, romliTac aRiqvams
gare realobas. klients moeTxoveba verbalurad gaaxmovanos aRqmis procesi, Tan ar
gaakeTos aRqmulis Sefasebebi kargia Tu cudi, moswons Tu ar moswons. varjiSis
mizania klientma miiRos garemo SeZlebisdagvarad obieqturad iseTi, rogoric is
aris. nevrotikis problema isaa, rom ar iRebs, gaurbis, alamazebs realobas.
moqmedebs principi, rom Cven gveZleva saSualeba SevcvaloT realoba mxolod maSin,
rodesac mTlianad viRebT mas iseTad, rogoric is aris.
Sua anu fantaziis zonis gacnobierebis gafarToebaze muSaoba ase gamoiyureba:
geStalt Terapevti klients Txovs sizmris, ocnebis an fantaziis siuJetis
gadmocemas. instruqcia aseTia. fantaziis Sinaarsi, klientma unda gadmosces
verbalurad, aRweros TiTqos es ambavi droSi aq da amJamad xdebodes. geStalt

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Terapevti fantaziis Sinaarsis gadmocemisas klients sTxovs, rom is gaxdes
fantaziaSi aRwerili obieqtebi, magaliTad, gaxdes mTa, an drakoni, Tan pirvel
pirSi da awmyo droSi gadmosces personaJis saTqmeli. es procesi hgavs
fsiqodramis process, im gansxvavebiT, rom klienti sxvas ki ar ansaxierebs, aramed
mxolod sakuTar personaJebs, Tan pirvel pirSi. am proceduris amocanaa klientma
moaxerxos Tavisi fantaziis an sizmris yoveli personaJi sakuTar nawilad
warmoidginos, miuxedavad imisa, moswons Tu ara, uyvars Tu sZuls is. Sedegad
adamians garemoze proecirebuli Sinaarsebi ukan ubrundeba da maTi integraciisa
da miRebis Sansi Cndeba. Tu fantaziis obieqtebi erTmaneTSi konfliqtSi arian,
maSin geStalt Terapevti ori skamis meTods iyenebs, romlis drosac klienti amwyo
droSi da pirvel pirSi ganasaxierebs konfliqtur nawilebs Soris arsebul
mimarTebebs.
geStalt Terapevtis mizania fantazia realobaSi gadmoitanos, erTgvarad
`cidan, xmeleTze Camoiyvanos da ganasxeulos~, riTic klientis gaucxoebuli
nawilebis integrireba Seuwyos xeli.
geStalt Terapevti koncentracias warmarTavs TiToeul: Siga, Sua da gare
zonebSi. specialuri vajiSebiT SesaZlebelia diagnostireba Tu rogor axerxebs
klienti erTi zonis Sinaarsidan `Camocurebas~, yuradRebis gadatanasa da
koncentrirebas meore zonaze. Cveulebriv nevrotul pirovnebas Zalian uWirs erTi
zonis Sinaarsidan meore zonis Sinaarsze yuradRebis gadatana da koncentrireba;
amave dros aqtualizirebuli adamianisTvis advilia erTi zonis Sinaarsidan meoreze
yuradRebis gadatana, masze fokusireba. es procesi idealSi spontanutrad,
Seferxebis gareSe xdeba.
sizmrebsa da ocnebebze muSaoba

sizmari da ocneba pirovnebis yvelaze

spontanuri da subieqturi gamovlinebebia.
fric perlsi

geStalt Terapiis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia klientis sizmrebsa da

ocnebebze muSaoba. froidi ambobda, rom sizmari adamianis aracnobieri sferos
gagebisken mimavali samefo gzaa. geStalt Terapiis msoflmxedvelobiT sizmari
pirovnebis integraciis saukeTeso saSualebaa. marTlac, am Terapiul modelSi
sizmrebi da ocnebebi klinetTan muSaobisas idealuri saSualebaa da intensiurad
gamoiyeneba.
sizmari da ocneba sakuTari mTlianad pirovnebis Semoqmedebis nayofia.
geStalt Terapiis mixedviT am SinaarsebSi sxvisi da ucxo araferia. es imas
niSnavs, rom adamiani, sizmarSi, rodesac sxva adamians, an obieqts xedavs realurad
es araa sxva, aramed sakuTari warmodgena, Sexeduleba sxvaze. Tuki yoveldRiurad
Cven gare realobas vexebiT, sizmari da ocneba araa ucxosTan, garemosTan
urTierTobis sfero, masSi yvelaferi sakuTaria. sizmarSi nanaxi sakuTari
fsiqikuri aqtivobis nayofia, amitom geStalt Terapevti sizmrisa da ocnebis

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Sinaarsebs pirovnebis realur anareklad ganixilavs. sizmari da ocneba me-s
proecirebis nayofia, amitom geStalt Terapevti asec ambobs, ganasaxiere Seni
sizmari da ocneba da gaigeb, Tu rogori xar Sen. sizmari da ocneba adamianis
fsiqikis yvelaze spontanuri gamovlinebaa.
geStalt Terapevti, fsiqoanalitikosisgan gansxvavebiT ar axdens sizmris
Sinaarsis sakuTar interpretacias, rac fsiqoanalizSi ase miRebulia. igi Tavad
klients sTxovs, rom man Tavisi azri gamoTqvas da interpretaciac Tavad
moaxdinos. Tuki fsiqoanalitikoss sxvisi informaciis gadamReWvelisa da
gamanaalizeblis funqcia aqvs, geStalt Terapevts ufro gidis, wamyvanis
mniSvneloba eniWeba.
is rom geStalt Terapia egzistencialuri mimarTulebaa es sizmarze da
ocnebaze muSaobaSicaa asaxuli. sizmris egzistencialuri gzavnilia, romelic
pirovnebis siRrmidan modis, da romlis adresatic sakuTari Tavia. adamiani
saWiroebs amgvar mesijs, romelic yvelaze kompetenturi da mniSvnelovani
adresatidan modis, anu sakuTari gaucxoebuli nawilidan. amitom am informaciis
miReba da integrireba sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqonea.
sizmrebsa da ocnebaze muSaobisas geStalt Terapevtis ori ZiriTadi amocana
amoZravebs. pirveli imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sizmarSi nanaxi aq da amJamad, awmyo
droSi da situaciaSi gadmoitanos. meore _ sizmris Sinaarsebi da obieqtebi
klientma me-s aspeqtebad. es yvelaferi Terapevtis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT xdeba.
klientSi mniSvnelovani transformireba xdeba, rodesac geStalt Terapavti mas
warsuli masalis aq da amJamad gadmotanas Txovs. am dros TiTqos abstraqtuli,
usaxo Sinaarsi, pirovnul niSnebs iRebs. klienti naTlad xedavs sizmris Sinaarss,
formas, personaJebs, rogorc sakuTar Tavs da pirovnuli realizaciis variants.
rodesac geStalt Terapevti klients sTxovs gaxdes sakuTari sizmris personaJi,
amiT pirovneba sakuTari Tavis, xedvas, Wvretas axdens. Terapiis procesSi, rodesac
sizmris ramodenime personaJi erTmaneTTan kamaTobs, an dapirispirebaSia,
gamoiyeneba ori skamis meTodi. amiT Tanmimevrulad dialogi TamaSdeba. erTi mxare
meoresTan kontaqtSi Sedis. mizani orive mxaris naTlad gacnobiereba-gagebaa.
meores mxriv, maT Soris moxdes sinTezi da axali geStaltis dabadeba. Sedegis
aRqma sakuTari Tavis axleburad saSualebas iZleva. magaliTisTvis rodesac
klienti sizmris personaJi frinveli xdeba mas, saSualeba eZleva ganicados frena,
moZraoba da amiT sakuTari pirovnebis damoukideblobaze, an mijaWvulobaze
dafiqrdes. rodesac igi magida xdeba sakuTar pirovnul simyareze an, meryeobaze
gadaaqvs aqcenti. am dros Terapevti kargad unda akvirdebodes da exmarebodes
procesSi axali geStaltis gamokveTas. fsiqoTerapiis procesSi, Tanmimdevrulad
xdeba sizmris TiToeuli personaJis gansaxiereba, maTTan klientis identifikacia.
es identifikaciebi saSualebas iZleva klientma gaacnobieros sakuTari Tavis
manamde gaucnobierebeli aspeqtebi, romlebic manamde ucnob TeTr laqebs
warmoadgenen. es procesi uxvadaa datvirTuli axali mZafri grZnobebiTa da
gancdebiT. klientma SeiZleba ganicados SiSi, sixaruli, umweoba, ususuroba da
sxva gancdebi, romlebic manamde gamouxatavi iyo.

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 sizmarze an ocnebaze muSaoba geStalt Terapevtis mier SeiZleba warimarTos
aseTi variantiTac, rodesac sizmris Sinaarsi danaxulia da gadmoicema TiToeuli
personaJis mier cal-calke, Tanmimdevrulad. Sedegad iqmneba erTiani saerTo
suraTi da StabeWdileba, romelic pirovnebis axali geStaltis Seqmnis safuZvelia.
sizmarze an fantaziaze muSaobisas aucilebeli araa Tavidan bolomde mTeli
momxdari ambis, situaciis aRwera-gadmocema. xSirad mxolod calkeul siuJetze da
nawilze muSaobac sakmarisia imisTvis, rom misi saSualebiT pirovnebis ZiriTadi
problemis gadmocema moxdes.
Tavis droze perlsze didi zegavlena iqonia Teatrma da morenos fsiqodramam.
es garkveuli saxiT geStalt Terapevtis teqnikazec aisaxa. sizmrebze muSaobaSi
Semovida Teatraluri improvizaciis elementebi, es imaSi gamoixateba, rom klients
moeTxoveba improvizirebulad ganasaxieros esa Tu is personaJi, rac faqtiurad am
adamianis dakarguli, gaucnobierebeli nawilis rekonstruirebas, warmoadgens.
geStalt Terapevti am dros gidis ampluaSia, romelic reJisuras Tavad klientis
sizmris siuJetSi naxulobs da ara mis gareT, sakuTari Tavidan gamomdinare.
geStalt Terapiis mixedviT sizmarSi, ocnebaSi imaleba is, rac umniSvnelovanes
saidumlos warmoadgens. esaa egzistencialuri gzavnili, romelic momavlis
winaswarmetyvelebis, momavlis Wvretis SesaZleblobas Seicavs. amasTan esaa
gzavnili, romelic arc meti arc naklebi sakuTari arsebis siRrmidan
momdinareobs. is sakuTar Tavze yvelaze mniSvnelovan codnas moicavs, rac yvelaze
aqtualuri da saWiroa am adamianisTvis. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT esa informacia,
sibrZne, romelic adamians sWirdeba, rom Tavi daaRwios cxovrebiseul labirinTs,
egzistencialur kriziss. am gzavnilis gagebis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia rom
pirovnebam moaxerxos sulieri, pirovnuli zrda-ganviTareba.
sizmari ganixileba ara rogorc calke aRebuli movlena, aramed igi Terapevtsa
da klients Soris urTierTobis formacaa, rac imas niSnavs, rom TerapevtisTvis
moyolili sizmari, esaa klientis mxridan mniSvnelovani ucnobi saidumlos
sxvisTvis gandoba, rac Tavad sizmris mnaxvelisTvis ucnobi da gaugebaria. ufro
metic is damoukideblad, Terapevtis daxmarebis gareSe uZluria Seimecnos
sakuTari gzavnili. am procesSi TanadgomisTvisaa geStalt Terapevti mis gverdiT.
swored misi aqtiuri monawileobaa warmatebis miRwevis garantia. sasurveli finali
ki sizmarSi proecirebuli, gaugebari Sinaarsebis klientisaTvis dabruneba,
gacnobiereba, gaTavisebaa.
arian adamianebi, romlebsac ar axsovT sizmrebi, an fiqroben, rom saerTod
araferi esizmrebaT. geStalt Terapevti aseT adamians ganixilavs, rogorc sakuTar
Tavs gaqceuls, romelsac ar surs Tvali gausworos realobas. ar aRiarebs
Secdomebs, romlebic dauSva. sakuTar Tavs arwmunebs, rom ara aqvs konfliqti da
winaaRmdegoba. aseTi adamiani, erTgvarad siraqlemas pozaSia, Tavi miwaSi Carguli
aqvs, gaurbis sakuTar sizmrebs da fiqrobs amiT Tavs daaRwevs arsebul siZneleebs.
aseT dros geStalt Terapevti klients sTavazobs daumTavrebel frazebs, romelic
klientma unda daamTavros. magaliTad., `sad SeiZleba Cemi sizmari memalebodes~...
Tu klienti sizmris magier Sav ekrans xedavs, maSin geStalt Terapevti sTavazobs

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warmodgenaSi xeliT gadawios Savi fardis kuTxe da SeiWvritos mis SigniT.
gaaxmovanos Tu ra SeiZleba imalebodes mis miRma. magaliTad, daamTavros fraza
`am Savi fardis miRma, romelic odnav gadavwie SeiZleba imalebodes...~ da a. S.
am SemTxvevaSic geStalt Terapevti gidis rolSia, romelic uadvilebs klients
burusis gandevnaSi da sizmris damaluli Sinaarsis amokiTxva, verbalizaciaSi.
sizmari, fantazia, ocneba TiToeuli fsiqikis spontanuri nayofia, magram maT
Sorisac aris gansxvaveba. fantazia, zogjer Zalian hgavs cxadSi sizmars, romelic
bavSvuri da akviatebuli Sinaarsis matarebelia, magram aris fantazia, romelic
Tavisi Rrma SinaarsiT, mizanmimarTulebiT, momavali qcevis SemoqmedebiTi wyaroa.
geStalt TerapiaSi fantazia Semdegi fsiqoTerapiuli mizniT gamoiyeneba: 1)
miuRebel pirad grZnobebTan, movlenebTan, TvisebebTan kontaqtis dasamyareblad; 2)
daumTavrebeli situaciis damTav­re­bisaTvis; 3) ucnobi realobis gamokvlevisaTvis;
4) sakuTari pirovnebis ucnobi aspeqtebis gamokvlevisaTvis.
adamianebi imiTac gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, Tu rogor fantazireben. erTni
ise gamoiyurebian, TiTqos arafris ufleba ara aqvT, natvris da, fantaziisac ki
sakmarisia raime `akrZaluli xili~-s msgavsma gaielvos maT gonebaSi da maSinve
instinqturad aCereben, mkacr CarCoSi svamen maT. aseTi adamianebi an saerTod ar
fantazireben, an fantaziis mxolod ConCxs qmnian da xorcs ki ver asxamen, radgan
es pirovnul Tavisuflebasa da Semoqmedebas moiTxovs. arseboben adamianebi,
romelTa seqsualoba da agresia imdenad daTrgunulia, rom fantaziaSic ki ar
xdeba maTi realizacia. aseT adamians TiTqos mudmivad `muxruWze udevs fexi~.
geStalt Terapevts aseT klientTan muSaobisas moeTxoveba daanaxos sakuTari
winaaRmdegoba, romelic xels uSlis realobasTan kontaqtSi. Seuqmnas usafrTxo
garemo da ndobis aRmZvreli atmosfero, romelSic fantazias daubrundeba grZnoba,
emocia, ltolva. fantaziis siuJeti Tu konfliqturia, is SeiZleba ori skamis
meTodiT gaTamaSdes. Tu situacia daumTavrebelia, imis gamo, rom klienti mudam
aCerebs sakuTar Tavs, geStalt Terapevti unda daexmaros, rom situacia
damTavrdes, ris Semdegac klienti finals, katarsis, axal insaits ganicdis.

sxeulze mimarTuli muSaoba

nu uyureb saxeze,
daakvirdi Cvevebs.
inglisuri andaza

geStalt Terapevti, did yuradRebas aqcevs klientis araverbalur sferos. imas,

rasac sxeulis enas uwodeben. mimikaSi, JestikulaciaSi, pozaSi, moZraobebSi, uecar
reaqciebSi vlindeba pirovnuli problemebi. Terapevti Teoriul codnasa da
praqtikaze dayrdnobiT unda flobdes sxeulis enas, misi meSveobiT arkvevdes
organizmSi mimdinare procesebs.

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 rodesac `cxel skamze~ mjdomi klienti yveba Tavis problemebs Terapevti
usmens ra informacias, mosmenili mxolod gagonili sityvebidan gamomdinare ar
unda Seafasos, aramed paralelurad, skurpulozurad Tvali unda adevnos
sxeulis reaqciebs, magaliTad, rogor zis klienti, gaxsnil Tu daxurul pozaSi,
sxeulis nawilebi gadajaWvulia Tu modunebuli, SeboWili Tu Tavisufal
mdgomareobaSi. rogor mdgomareobaSia xelebi, TiTebi, daZabuli Tu modunebuli?
ras gamoxatavs poza _ mobilizebas, daTrgunvas Tu indiferentulobas? ra mimika
aqvs saxeze, rogor sunTqavs klienti aCqarebulad, daZabulad, riTmulad Tu
harmoniulad? es yvelaferi Sesabamis konteqstSia gansaxilveli, anu klientis
gadmocemul verbalur SinaarsTan erTad, mxolod aseTi erToblioba iZleva
pirovnebis naTel mTlian suraTs.
pirovnuli problemebi TerapevtisTvis TvalnaTliv dasanaxia Tu mas kargad
SeuZlia dakvirveba klientis `sxeulis enaze~ dakvirveba SeuZlia. sakmarisi
araa Terapevtma Tavad dainaxos sxeulSi mimdinare procesebi, aucilebelia,
rom man klients daanaxos misi gaucnobierebeli Jestebi, poza, mimika. amisaTvis
Terapevtma unda sTxovos klients, rom igi darCes igive pozaSi, romelSic
imyofeba, magram yuradReba gadaitanos daZabul nawilze, magaliTad, TiTebis
gancdaze da Seecados gaaxmovanos is SegrZnebebi, romlebic masSi arsebobs.
amiT geStalt Terapevti klients ganacdevinebs im Sinaarsobriv fons, romelic
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens mis qcevaze, ise rom es Tavad am adamianisTvis
arc ki cnobierdeba. adamiani Tu ki acnobierebs ra xdeba masSi saSualeba
eZleva cnobierad Secvalos mimdinare procesi, sakuTari qceva.

winaaRmdegobaze `sxeulis eniT~ muSaoba

sandro, 22 wlis.
problema: negativizmi, sijiute, xSiri konfliqtebi

Terapevti jgufs: visa aqvs mniSvnelovani problema, romlis gadawyvetac surs

jgufur seansze?
sandro: (mcire siCumis Semdeg). survili maqvs Cemi problema davZlio, Tumca
darwmunebuli ara var rom am garemoSi me SevZleb gavce da miviRo is, rac
mWirdeba.
Terapevti: ra problemaze gsurT aqcentis gakeTeba, risi gacema da miReba gindaT?
sandro: (sxeulebrivi poza: fexebi maqsimalurad ukan aqvs gaweuli da fexis
wverebi exeba iataks, xelebi muStad aqvs Sekruli, daZabuli). me visurvebdi
momevlo Cemi sificxisaTvis, zedmeti emociurobisTvis, romelic xandaxan
meufleba megobrebTan da ucxoelebTan urTierTobaSi... albaT ufro meti
diplomatiuroba da racionaloba mWirdeba.
Terapevti: rogor garemoSi iCens Tavs Tqveni problema? rogori arian is megobrebi,
romlebTanac gindaT rom SeicvaloT, sxvanairi iyoT?

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sandro: guSinac mqonda axlobelTan kamaTi... (sxeuli kvlav iZabeba, fexebi ukan
iweva, iataks kvlav fexis wverebiT exeba, xelebi muStadaa Sekruli).
Terapevti: Seecade ar Seicvalo poza da ganicade is SegrZnebebi, romlebic
xelebSi da fexebSi warmoiSveba, anu kidurebis boloebSi...
sandro: (odnav SeSdeba, mere surs pozis Secvla, magram mainc asrulebs Terapevtis
Txovnas). fexebi sadRac imaleba, skamis qveS, wvivebSi vgrZnob daZabulobas,
TiTebi daWimulia da tkivilis gancda miCndeba zogjer... xelebi aseve daZabuli
da daWimulia, CxubisTvis emzadeba... amis Tqmaze iRimeba da icinis...
Terapevti: gaxdiT da ganasaxiereT Tqveni fexi, pirvel pirSi da awmyo droSi.
sandro: ho... me var fexi, romelic daWimulia.
Terapevti: (usworebs) da daWimuli var...
sandro: ho... daWimuli, daZabuli var, sadRac... skamis qveS vimalebi, agresiuli...
farulad agresiuli da jobia rom ar SemeCexoT, ganmuxtva minda; energia
rameSi davxarjo... CxubSi an kamaTSi. Zalas vgrZnob, magram gauwonasworebeli
var, simSvide maklia... Tumca ki minda.
Terapevti: simSvide ginda?
sandro: TiTqos... axla fexsacmeli mfaravs da miSlis kidec xels, mboWavs. lamazi
sportuli fexsacmelebi maqvs, magram mainc miSlis xels, yovel SemTvevaSi ase
vgrZnob... daxuTuli var.
Terapevti: xom ar gaixdidi fexze?
sandro: xom ar gavixdidi? cota uxerxulad meCveneba, Tumca marTla minda... rom ar
geTqvaT ar vaRiarebdi. (fexze ixdis meore fexiT).
Terapevti: axla ras ganicdi?
sandro: axla kmayofili var... (iRimeba, fexs hkravs fexsacmels da atrialebs
TiTebs).
Terapevti: ganasaxiere Seni muStebi. gaxdi Senive xeli.
sandro: me var muSti (Tvalebi uelavs). daZabuli var, braziani da moCxubari.
sxvebs albaT Cemi eSiniaT... Tumca sakuTar Tavs vasob axla frCxilebs da
TviTon mtkiva.
Terapevti: agresiuli muSti xar... gamoxate agresia.
sandro: (iwyebs muStebis SekumSvas, xelebs muStebSekruli boqsioriviT
aTamaSebs, kunTebs Slis...). ai aseTi var, moZraobaSi... sakuTar Tavsac `vkben~
da sxvebsac. Zalas vxarjav-ra... vflangav, raSi mec ar vici. ratom, Tumca
ratom... Tavs vicav sakuTar Tavisgan da sxvebisgan, imis magivrad rom vuTxra
sityvierad rac minda...
Terapevti: anu rasac sxeulebrivad akeTeb es uTqmeli, gamouxatavi frazebia,
sxeulebriv doneze?
sandro: ase gamodis, xooo... ai asea. ucnauria?
Terapevti: ras laparakob? vis eubnebi da ras? gaaxmovane?
sandro: frCxilebs Cemsave xelis gulze vaWer da amiT Tavs viboWav, vaCereb...
Terapevti: ar SeaCeroT Tavi. ras akeTeb...

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sandro: grZnobebi minda daganaxoT yvelas, Cemi keTilganwyoba, minda rom
mendobodeT, me ki gicavdeT Cemi ZaliTa da energiiT Tqven yvelas; Tu
dagWirdebaT, ra Tqma unda. me axla ar vikaveb Tavs da Cemgan araviTari agresia
ar momdinareobs, mxolod keTilganwyoba...
Terapevti: moxaruli var.
sandro: axla iseTi var, rogoric momwons Tavi da albaT sxvebsac movewonebi...
problema TiTqos gaqra, veRar vgrZnob.
Terapevti: madlob.

fsiqologiuri problemebi organizmSi warmoqmnian e. w. `sxeulis javSans~,

romlis adamianis gare agresiisagan dacvaa. amgvari javSnis arseboba
gamarTlebulia agresiisa da Tavdasxmis situaciebSi, magram `sxeulis javSani~
sruliad usargeblo da piriqiT didi zianis momtania keTilganwyobil garemoSi.
aseT situaciaSi TavdacviTi qcevebi komikurad da araadeqvaturad gamoiyureba.
Terapevtis funqciaa `sxeulis javSnis~ rogorc danaxva-gamovlena, iseve
klientisaTvis misi gacnobiereba. Cveulebriv klientis mxridan `sxeulis
javSani~ ar cnobierdeba, is erTgvari `TeTri laqaa~, romelic TvinTgancdas
moklebulia. Tu geStalt Terapevtma aRniSnuli sxeulebrivi reaqciebi klientis
yuradRebis fokusSi moaqcia, da misi verbalizacia sTxova, klienti iwyebs im
Sinaarsebis gacnobierebas, romelic manamde misi yuradRebis miRma rCeboda. ase
SeiZleba gacnobierdes sxeulSi arsebuli daZabuloba, kunTuri daWimuloba,
agresiuli da seqsualuri xasiaTis SegrZnebebi, romlebic `sxeulis javSniT~
maskirebuli da SeniRbuli iyo. Sedegad klients saSualeba eZleva Segnebulad
warmarTos qceva, cnobierad, ganaxorcielos dacviTi strategia. geStalt
Terapevtis mxridan sxeulebrivi dacviTi reaqciis, pozis, mimikis aRmoCena
pirveli nabijia. xSirad saWiroa araefeqturi qcevis araerTgzis gacnobiereba,
xolo saWiro qcevis ramodenimejer gameoreba.

pasuxismgeblobis aReba

simZime, romelic TviTonve itvirTe ar gamZimebs

inglisuri andaza

SemoqmedebiTi Semecneba = siyvaruli + ndoba

karl rejersi

geStalt Terapiis, Teoria da teqnika bevr novacias moicavs. igi mniSvnelovnad

gansxvavdeba sxva Terapiuli modelebisgan. erT-erTi siaxle, razec geStalt
Terapiam yuradReba gaamaxvila, esaa iRebs, Tu ara klienti pasuxismgeblobas
gansaxorcielebel qcevaze. specialuri dakvirvebis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom

69
radikalurad gansxvavdeba qceva, romelic Sinagani pasuxismgeblobiTaa
motivirebuli im qcevisgan, romelic amas moklebulia. Cveulebriv adamiani,
romelsac piradi pasuxismgebloba ar gaaCnia, mizans ver aRwevs, winaaRmdegobas ver
sZlevs. piradi pasuxismgeblobiT gaJRenTili adamiani gacilebiT warmatebulia
sakuTari miznis ganxorcielebaSi. geStalt Terapevtis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi
diagnostikuri amocanaa gaarkvios, Tu ramdenad pasuxismgebelia adamiani sakuTar
qcevaze, xolo misi Terapiuli amocanaa, daexmaros klients qcevaze
pasuxismgeblobis aRebaSi. amisaTvis geStalt Terapevts arsenalSi specifikuri
teqnika gaaCnia.
pasuxismgeblobis qona-arqona zogadad pirovnebis yvela aspeqtSi SeiZleba
aRmovaCinoT. sxeulis pozaSi, JestikulaciaSi, azrebsa da sxva gamovlinebebSi. es
problema yvelaze dasanaxad mainc enasa da metyvelebaSi vlindeba.
Cvens mier ganxiluli nevrotuli dacviTi meqanizmebi, Tavis ukidures
gamovlinebebSi imis magaliTebia, Tu rogor ar iRebs adamiani pasuxismgeblobas
sakuTar Tavze, Tu rogor gaurbis pasuxismgeblobas da ra formiT.
introeqciis SemTxvevaSi adamians sxvisi faseulobebi brmad, asimilirebisa da
gaTavisebis gareSe aqvs gadmoRebuli. amis gamo, introecirebuli adamiani ar aris
Tavis naTqvamze pasuxismgebeli. ase xdeba xolme rodesac rigiTi komunisti, sxvaTa
gavleniT imeorebs komunistur lozungs, realurad ki es misTvis ucxoa. igives
akeTebs xolme patara gogona, rodesac sakuTrad asaRebs dedis mier Tavsmoxveul
azrebs. geStalt Terapevtma zustad unda amoikiTxos amgvari introicirebuli
qceva.
proeqciis dros adamiani sakuTar danaSauls sxvas miawers, igi aseTi formiT
gaurbis pasuxismgeblobas. magaliTad, samsaxurSi dagvianebisas imis magivrad, rom
aRiaros brali, laparakobs, Tu rogor igvianebs yvela. sxva SemTxvevaSi imis magier
rom aRiaros sakuTari tyuili, lanZRavs xalxs da sazogadoebas, romelic
midrekilia tyuilsa da sicrueze. gamocdilma geStalt Terapevtma aucilebelia
dainaxos amgvari proeqcia. Sinaarsi, romelic garemos miewera, avtors unda
daubrundes, rogorc sakuTari da ukve gacnobierebuli.
retrofleqsiis dros imis magier, rom adamianma garemoze moaxdinos
orientireba, TviTon iyofa or nawilad: mimarTvis iniciatorad da adresatad.
Sedegad sruliad ikargeba garemo, rogorc mimarTebis adresati. retrofleqsiis
mizezia pasuxismgeblobis aRebis uunaroba, adamiani ver axerxebs garemosTan
kontaqtis damyarebas. geStalt Terapevts aseT situaciaSi moeTxoveba daexmaros
klients da dakarguli kavSiri aRadginos masa da garemos Soris. geStalt
Terapevtma klients usafrTxo garemo unda Seuqmna, ris safuZvelzec klients
SesaZlebloba eqmneba uari Tqvas realobisgan gaqcevis miseul xerxze.
retrofleqsiis dros, adamiani sakuTar TavTan Sedis dialogSi, imis magivrad, rom
garemos mimarTos, rogorc adresats.
Serwymis dros, adamiani ver ansxvavebs sakuTar Sexedulebas sxvisisgan.
magaliTad, patara gogonas dedis Sexedulebebi da ganwyobebi sakuTrad miaCnia,
amitom maTi gamoxatvisas aRmoCndeba, rom am Sinaarssa da mis damokidebulebas

70
Soris konfliqti gardauvalia. Serwymis dros geStalt Terapevts moeTxoveba
klients apovninos is gansxvaveba, romelic mas Serwymuli obieqtisgan ganasxvavebs.
Sedegad pasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavzea asaRebi da ara sxvaze dasakisrebeli.
konfluenciis dros adamians uWirs adresati obieqtis fokusSi moqceva, misTvis
Tvalis gasworeba. pasuxismgeblobis ver aRebis mizezi gaubedaobaa. geStalt
Terapevts evaleba klients verbaluri kontaqtis damyarebaSi miexmaros, romlis
drosac sityvieri formulireba kontaqtSi Sesasvleli obieqtis fokusSi moqcevis
SesaZleblobas aRadgens. Terapevti akvirdeba ra klientis qcevas, acnobierebs
problemas, miuTiTebs mas Sesasrulebel moqmedebaze, romelic obieqtis fokusSi
moqcevaSi mdgomareobs. xSirad saWiroa saTanado qcevis ramdenjerme ganmeoreba da
ganridebaze uaris Tqma, rom sasurveli Sedegi miRweuli iqnas.
geStalt Terapiis procesSi miRebulia monawileebma ilaparakon pirvel pirSi.
magaliTad, `me momwons fexburTis TamaSi~, da ara `fexburTi mosawoni TamaSia~.
miuRebelia zogadad, an mesame pirSi laparaki, amasTan geStalt Terapevti jgufis
wevrebs sTxovs uSualod mimarTon adresats da umisamarTod ar gamoxaton
TavianTi azrebi. aseTi mimarTva pasuxismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze aRebas
gulisxmobs, rac amgvar jgufebSi waxalisebulia. amiT mniSvnelovani ram xdeba.
jgufis monawile verbalurad pasuxismgeblobas iRebs sakuTar azrebsa da qcevaze,
rac ar xdeba paTologiuri Serwymisas, retrofleqsiis, introeqciis, proeqciisa da
konfluenciis dros.
wina TavebSi Cven aRvniSneT geStalt Terapevtis `sxeulis enis~codnis
aucilebloba. aranaklebi ostatobaa saWiro rom klientis problemebi, danaxuli,
diagnostirebuli iyos misi enisa da metyvelebis mixedviT. ena da metyveleba
kargad warmoaCens adamianSi arsebul fsiqologiur problemebs, magaliTad, aqvs Tu
ara klients aRebuli qcevis dros pasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavze.
geStalt Terapevtma didi yuradReba unda miaqcios Tu ra zmnebs iyenebs
klienti. magaliTad, SemiZlia aRniSnavs, rom mas sakuTar qcevaze pasuxismgebloba
aqvs aRebuli, amis sapirispirod pasuxismgeblobis ar aRebasa da mis sxvaze
dakisrebas aRniSnavs, rodesac klienti laparakisas iyenebs zmnebs: saWiroa, unda,
rodesac klienti ambobs `es saqme unda gakeTdes~, an `es saqme saWiroebs
damTavrebas~, geStalt Terapevtma aseTi naTqvami unda gaigos, rogorc
pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acilebis mcdeloba. amgvari naTqvami sinamdvileSi
niSnavs `am saqmis gakeTeba me didad ar manaRvlebs~, an `am saqmis damTavreba me ar
mesaWiroeba~. miuxedavad imisa, rom klients es ar uTqvams, fsiqologiurad naTqvami
swored amas niSnavs, geStalt Terapevtma gagonilSi es unda amoikiTxos. problemis
anu pasuxismgeblobis arqonis diagnostirebis Semdeg saWiroa, rom klientma
pasuxismgebloba aiRos qcevaze. geStalt Terapevtis daxmareba aseTia: saWiroa,
zemoT moxseniebuli fraza `es saqme unda gakeTdes~ da `es saqme saWiroebs
damTavrebas~ klientma pasuxismgeblobis aRebis aRmniSvneli zmniT Secvalos, anu
ase: `es saqme me minda, rom gavakeTo~, an `es saqme me mWirdeba rom davamTavro~. anu
naTqvami mesame piridan gadaiyvanos pirvel pirSi, rac ukve pasuxismgeblobis aRebas
niSnavs.

71
 geStalt Terapevtma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos Tu klienti rogor iyenebs
kavSirebs: `da~, `magram~. rodesac klienti ambobs `me vapireb am saqmis damTavrebas,
magram vnaxoT ra gamova~ geStalt TerapevtisTvis es niSnavs pasuxismgeblobis ar
aRebas. xolo Tu `magram~ `da~-Ti Seicvleba, xolo `vapireb~ _ `minda~-Ti, `me minda
am saqmis damTavreba da vnaxav ra gamova,~ niSnavs rom klienti aRniSnul qcevaze
verbalurad pasuxismgeblobas iRebs.

sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aReba

sityvebi, romlebic malaven da avlenen realur saTqmels
marina, 32 w. frazebi jgufuri Terapiis procesSi; amokrefili frazebi

marina:me Zalian minda gamovide jgufis win samuSaod, magram sjobs, Semdgomi
dRisTvis gadavdo es procedura, ufro koncentrirebuli viqnebi.
Terapevti: SecvaleT sityvebi `Zalian minda~ _ Zalian ar mindaTi, xolo `magram~
`da~-Ti.
marina:me Zalian ar minda gamovide jgufis winaSe samuSaod, da sjobs Semdgomi
dRisTvis gadavdo es procedura, ufro koncentrirebuli viqnebi. me albaT ar
meSinia im cxovrebiseuli problemebis, romlebsac yoveldRe vejaxebi, Tumca
sjobs ufro metad Tavi avarido maT.
Terapevti: SecvaleT sityva `albaT ar~ _ `Zalian~-iT, xolo sityva `Tumca~ _ `da~-
Ti.
marina:me Zalian meSinia im cxovrebiseuli problemebis, romlebsac yoveldRe
vejaxebi da sjobs ufro metad Tavi avarido maT.
marina:me bolomde ara var darwmunebuli, rom aleqsandre marTalia, amitom
maincdamainc mis winaaRmdeg ar vimoqmedeb.
Terapevti: Secvale bolomde `ara var darwmunebuli~ _ `darwmunebuli var~-iT.
amitom `maincdamainc~ Secvale `da~-Ti.
marina:me bolomde darwmunebuli var, rom aleqsandre marTalia da mis winaaRmdeg
ar vimoqmedeb.
marina:me meSinia, rom wels bevri dro aRar damrCa masalis Sesaswavlad. unda
movindomo mTeli Zala swavlaSi davxarjo.
Terapevti: `me meSinia~ Secvale `me mindaTi~; `aRar damrCa~ _ `davuTmo~-Ti, `unda~ _
`minda~-Ti SecvaleT.
marina:me minda, rom wels bevri dro davuTmo masalis Seswavlas, minda mTeli Zala
swavlaSi davxarjo.
klienti xSirad Tavis naTqvams kiTxvis dasmiT amTavrebs, rac umweobisa da
sayrdenis sxvaSi Ziebis tendencias aRniSnavs. aseTi situaciis diagnostirebisas
geStalt Terapevtma unda ecados, rom klientma winadadebis boloSi kiTxvis
niSani, mtkicebis formiT Secvalos, rac verbalurad sakuTar TavSi sayrdenis
Ziebasa da simtkices aRniSnavs. es ukve pasuxismgeblobis aRebis aRmniSvnelia.
adamianebi, xSirad pasuxismgeblobis ugulebelyofiT da mis sxvaze dakisrebiT

72
xels uSlian sakuTar Tavs mobilizaciasa da resursebis realizaciaSi. faqtiurad,
sxvis imedze arian da garSemomyofTa mobilizacias cdiloben, roca pirvel
yovlisa TviTon unda iyvnen paxuxismgebelni sakuTar personaze da Tavad
cdilobdnen sakuTari problemebis xedvas da gadaWras.
geStalt Terapevti cdilobs klientis daxmarebas ara marto maSin, rodesac is
sakuTar Tavze ar iRebs pasuxismgeblobas, aramed maSinac, rodesac klienti
Trgunavs gancdebs, azrebs da garemosadmi brma morCilebis gamo ar eubneba
adamianebs imas, rasac grZnobs da fiqrobs. magaliTad, Tu klients vinmes gamo
guli etkina, da amas ar gamoxatavs geStalt Terapevti sTxovs mas, rom adresats
uTxras Tavisi wyenis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, `me Sens gamo cudad vgrZnob Tavs~.
amgvari mimarTva pirveli nabijia, ris Semdegac klientma Tavis wyenaze sakuTari
pasuxismgeblobac SeiZleba aiRos. magaliTad, ase: `rodesac Sen ase iqcevi, me
vgrZnob wyenas~, rac sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgeblobis gamomxatveli gamonaTqvamia.
Sedegad adamiani axerxebs sakuTar pirovnebaSi arsebuli e.w. `naxvretebis~
amovsebas. imisas, rac asimilirebuli, gaTavisebuli ara aqvs da romelsac garemos
sxvas miawers, proecirebas axdens, riTac `me~-s garkveul nawilze
pasuxismgeblobas ver iRebs.
geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa klients amgvari `pirovnuli naxvretebis~
gacnobierebaSi da maTi sakuTari TavisTvis dabrunebaSi daexmaros.

winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva

Tu ginda saqme kargad gakeTdes,

Sen TviTon unda gaakeTo.
inglisuri andaza

adamianSi arsebuli winaaRmdegoba imdenad didi mniSvnelobisaa, rom

fsiqoTerapiis warmatebiT damTavreba gansazRvrulia, Tu ramdenad axerxebs
klienti am Zalebis neitralizebas, gadalaxvas. sxvadasxva fsiqoTerapiul models
winaaRmdegobasTan mimarTebis Taviseburi strategia aqvs. geStalt Terapevti masze
muSaobis sakuTari, originaluri meTodiT gamoirCeva.
geStalt Terapevti, pirvel rigSi cdilobs klientSi winaaRmdegobis aRmoCenas.
gamocdili geStalt TerapevtisTvis es, arc Tu ise rTuli amocanaa. Cveulebriv
klientis winaaRmdegoba iq Cans, sadac igi kunTebis da inteleqtis met daZabulobas
avlens. muSaobisas geStalt Terapevti klientis sxeulSi sensorulad SeigrZnobs
im daZabulobis kerebs, romelic winaaRmdegobas avlebs. figuralurad, sadac
daZabulobaa, problema da winaaRmdegobac iq imaleba.

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 geStalt Terapevtis strategiaSi ar Sedis winaaRmdegobasTan brZola, misi
aRmofxvra-ganadgureba. piriqiT, geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa winaaRmdegobis
Zalis, energiis pirovnebisTvis pozitiurad, sasargeblod gamoyeneba.
geStalt Terapevtis aRmoCenis gareSe, klienti Cveulebriv ver ganicdis, ver
acnobierebs sakuTar TavSi arsebul winaaRmdegobas: instroeqcias, proeqcias,
retrofleqsias, Serwymas, konfluencias. winaaRmdegoba xSirad imdenad
xelisSemSlelia, rom mis fonze SeuZlebelia normaluri cxovreba da sasicocxlo
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba. Cveulebriv, klienti gadaulaxavi diskomfortis
gancdis gamo akiTxavs fsiqoTerapevts da sTxovs daxmarebas, aris naklebad
gamoxatuli winaaRmdegobebi, romlebic maskirebulia, ar Cans miuxedavad imisa, rom
cxovrebaSi xelis SemSlelia. adamiani, Cveulebriv egueba, itans maT arsebobas.
rodesac winaaRmdegoba gamokveTilia geStalt Terapevti advilad gadaaqcevs mas
Terapiis samuSao obieqtad, maskirebuli winaaRmdegoba geStalt Terapevtisgan
specifikur damokidebulebas da teqnikas moiTxovs. aseT da sxva msgavs situaciebSi
geStalt Terapevti iyenebs zomier frustracias, rac mxolod geStalt Terapiul
teqnikisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. frustracia niSnavs klientSi arsebuli problemis
xelovnurad gamZafrebas. es imisTvis keTdeba, rom klientma ver SeZlos
moTxovnilebis nawilobriv an gaWirvebiT dakmayofileba rogorc es manamde
xdeboda da problemis gadawyvetisTvis mTeli Tavisi Zalis mobilizacia gaakeTos.
es ki, mniSvnelovania Terapiis procesSi. geStalt Terapevtma zustad unda
gansazRvros frustracia, rom is zomieri iyos, klientma Tavi problemis winaSe
ususurad ar igrZnos, da mis gadawyvetaze xeli ar Caiqnios. mniSvnelovania,
klientma gaacnobieros problemis daZlevis aqtualoba, masTan sabrZolvelad
brZolis saWiroeba, rom sakuTari Zalebis mobilizaciac moaxerxos. nevrotikis
taqtika amgvar situaciaSi Cveulebriv aseTia: problemis daZlevisTvis igi sxvebs
mimarTavs dasaxmareblad, Txovs, Tavs acodebs da a. S. geStalt Terapevts evaleba
zomieri frustraciiT problemis aqtualoba warmoaCinos. meores mxriv, TviTon
yavarjnis rolSi ar gamovides, aramed klients erTaderTi saSualeba dautovos,
rom igi sakuTar Zalebze dayrdnobiT, sakuTar resursebis warmoCeniTa da
mobilizaciiT Tavs TviTon daexmaros. esaa geStalt Terapevtis mxridan zomieri
frustraciiT daxmarebis strategia.
nevrotikis qceva imiT xasiaTdeba, rom igi mudam ewinaaRmdegeba sakuTar Tavs.
amiT igi cdilobs Tavi aaridos mtkivneul gancdebs, romelic gamocdilebaSi aqvs
da aferxebs problemis gadaWrisken mimarTul iniciativebs. geStalt Terapevtis
amocanaa klients daexmaros, rom man winaaRmdegobis Zala sakuTari Tavis gancda-
gacnobierebis procesad gardaqmnas.
dacviTi nevrotuli reaqciebi xSirad imaSi gamoixateba, rom adamiani ver
acnobierebs qcevas, romelsac asrulebs. dakarguli aqvs TviTaRqma, sakuTari Tavis
garkveuli nawilebisadmi mgrZnobeloba. magaliTad, ar esmis Tu ras ambobs, ver
xedavs Tu ras akeTebs ver SeigrZnoben sxeulis garkveul nawilebs. adamianebs ar
undaT ganicadon travmis miRebis msgavsi SegrZnebebi. ugrZnobloba erTgvari
TavdacviTi reaqciaa.

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 geStalt Terapevtma klientis yuradReba sxeulSi mimdinare gancdebze, unda
warmarTos, romelic daarRvevs im winaaRmdegobas, romelic xels uSlis am
process. Cveulebriv winaaRmdegoba Tavs iCens sxeulebriv daZabuloba,
daWimulobaSi, aseve yuradRebis gadatanaSi, ganridebaSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT
geStalt Terapevti klients sTxovs daakvirdes da gaacnobieros SegrZnebebi,
romelic mis uxerxul pozas Tan axlavs. koncentrirdes Tu ras ganicdis TiTebSi,
rodesac erTi xeliT meores awvalebs, an mousminos sakuTar xmas Tu ras
gamoxatavs misi intonacia, daakvirdes, Tu rogor sunTqavs, rogor ganicadis im
Sekavebas, romelic am process Tan axlavs. amiT pirovnebas saSualeba eZleva
ganicados winaaRmdegoba, romelic sakuTari organizmidan modis da amiT
dausxltes mis mavne zegavlenas. moaxerxos gaxdes iseTi, rogoric winaaRmdegobis
gareSe SeiZleba iyos, TavisTavadi, autenturi, spontanuri.
winaaRmdegoba, romelic adamianSi iCens Tavs SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas
Sinagani konfliqtis warmosaCenad da gadasawyvetad. amisTvis mizanSewonilia ori
skamis teqnikis gamoyeneba. magaliTad, Tu klientis xmaSi winaaRmdegoba
daZabulobis, agresiis saxiT vlindeba, romelic gansxvavdeba misi Cveulebriv
xmisgan, maSin SesaZlebelia erT skamze geStalt Terapevtma agresiuli, daZabuli
xmis gamomxatveli. moaTavsos, xolo meoreze daCagruli da daTrgunuli xmis
gamomxatveli, isini urTierTobaSi Sevlen erTmaneTTan da ecdebian arsebuli
konfliqtis gamoxatva-gadaWras. amgvarad, winaaRmdegoba konflqitis gadaWris
saSualebad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli.

Sinagan dispoziciur ZalTa kompozicia

profesia fsiqoTerapevti _
adamianis Sinagani kompoziciis mkvlevari
d.n.

Cveulebriv cotam Tu icis sakuTar fsiqikaSi, mimdinare ZalTa dapirispirebis

konfliqtis Sesaxeb. am process adamiani xSirad gareT situaciebze proecirebs,
riTac mas SigniT mimdinare konfliqts adgils ucvlis da sazogadoebaSi, gare
realobaSi gadaaqvs. esaa rasac fsiqologiaSi proeqcias vuwodebT. amgvari qceviT
problemas im adgilas ver xedaven, sadac is arsebobs, amitom misi gadaWra
safuZvels moklebulia. maS, rogoraa SesaZlebeli problemis mogvareba? amisTvis
geStalt Terapevtma realurad unda dainaxos is, rasac vuwodeb dispoziciur

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Sinagan ZalTa kompozicias. saTaurSi formulirebuli azri saSualebas iZleva
davinaxoT konfliqtebi, romlis winaSec adamiani dgas. es kargad organizebuli
myari sistemaa. msgavsad naturmortisa, romelsac mxatvari ganalagebs, akvirdeba da
xatavs. fsiqoTerapevtmac SesaZlebelia dainaxos pirovnebaSi arsebuli myari
`naturmorti~, romelic `me~-s Sinagan ZalTa urTierTmimarTebasa da Tanafardobas
gamoxatavs. gamocdilebasTan erTad, fsiqoTerapevtis Tvali adamianebSi amCnevs
tipiur dispoziciur ZalTa kompoziciebs. tolstois ana kareninas wamZRvarebuli
cnobili epigrama, rom gavixsenoT, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom Sinagani kompoziciidan
gamomdinare, `yvela avadmyofi adamiani hgavs erTmaneTs, xolo yvela janmrTeli
gansxvavebuli da unikaluria~. dacviTi meqanizmebi, retrofleqsias, difleqsias
dispoziciur Sinagan ZalTa kompozicias warmoadgenen. fric perlsma geStalt
TerapiaSi daamkvidra saxelebi (zeda ZaRli _ qveda ZaRli). Topdog _ gamarjvebuli
da Underdog _ damarcxebuli. isini gamoxataven urTierTpolarul ZalTa brZolas,
romelTagan gamarjvebuli batonis poziciaSia. igi brZanebebs iZleva, aqtiuria,
aZalebs, moiTxovs, xolo damarcxebuli msaxuris rolSia. igi pasiuria,
miuxvedrelia, morCilia. adamiani, romlis Sinagan ZalTa kompozicias amgvari
batonisa da msaxuris urTierTmimarTeba qmnis ver acnobierebs masSi mimdinare
brZolas. geStalt Terapevtis amocanaa klients cnobierad daanaxos Sinagani
konfliqti, romelic masSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi meordeba. geStalt Terapevtma
xeli unda Seuwyos klients, rom man TiToeuli dapirispirebuli mxare mTlianad
gamoxatos. amasTan TiToeulma maTganma urTierTTan kontaqti unda daamyaros,
igrZnon, rom isini erTi mTelis Semadgeneli nawilebi arian da urTierTkavSiriT,
kontaqtiT erTmaneTi saboloo jamSi gaaZlieron. vilhelm raixma yuradReba miaqcia
organizmis integracias da im pozitiur efeqts, romelic mas mosdevs. am process
man `orgazmis refleqsi~ uwoda. cxeli sasiamovno abazanis Semdeg, orTqlis
intensiuri zegavlenis gamo, adamiani Tavs erT Sekrul pirovnebad ganicdis.
amgvari zegavlena fizikur integracias ganapirobebs. Sedegad, adamiani mZafrad da
naTlad ganicdis sakuTar grZnobebs, survilebs. intensiuri sasiamovno seqsualuri
aqti _ orgazmi sxeulebriv doneze aseve integrirebas axdens, adamiani axleburad,
mTelad _ erTianad ganicdis sakuTar Tavs. martiv, refleqsur fizikur reaqciebs,
rogoricaa Zlieri dacemineba, gaaCnia Zala fizikurad erT mTlian moZraobaSi
moiyvanos sxeuli, refleqsurad erT mTelad ganacdevinos adamians Tavi. ratom da
ra xdeba am dros adamianSi? ra ganapirobebs `orgazmis refleqss?~ es mdgomareoba
rom gavaanalizoT adgili aqvs Semdeg process. adamiani refleqsurad, mZlavrad
erTveba ra raime intensiur procesSi, wyvets sxva aqtivobebs, maT Soris TavdacviT
reaqciebs. Sedegad, organizmi emorCileba erT gankargulebas da droebiT qreba
urTierTdapirispirebul ZalTa Widili, romelsac adgili aqvs xolme `qveda ZaRli
_ zeda ZaRlis~ brZolis dros. `orgazmis refleqss~ adgili aqvs maSinac, rodesac
adamiani axerxebs uTxras sakuTar Tavs, `me ar gakontroleb, moxdes rac moxdeba,
iyos rac iqneba~. adamiani Tu ara marto ambobs amas, aramed axerxebs mis
ganxorcielebasac maSin, imis gamo, rom Zalas ar xarjavs dacviT reaqciaze,
eufleba is mZlavri gancdebi da emociebi, romelic Tandayolili aqvs _

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axasiaTebs, magram Cveulebriv cxovrebaSi dakargulia. sakuTari Tavis zedmetad
kontrolisa da gonebiT warmarTvis gamo.
Cemi gamocdilebiT cxovrebaSi aris situaciebi, rodesac fizikur doneze
`orgazmis refleqsis~ msgavsad pirovnuli aqtivoba axdens adamianis senso-
motorul-socialur integrirebas. jgufuri an individualuri Terapiis dros,
rodesac procesi warmatebiT mimdinareobs, ara marto klienti ganicdis aq da
amJamad sakuTar Tavs integrirebulad, aramed garSemo myofi jgufis wevrebic. Cven
gveufleba sakuTari Tavisa da garSemo realobis naTeli gancda. amas Tan axlavs
sagnebze da movlenebze koncentrirebasa da kontaqts mosdevs realobis Rrmad
pirovnuli gancda. amgvari mdgomareoba Terapiul procesSi pirovnuli aqtivobiT
miiRweva. vilhrlm raixis fizikur doneze `orgazmis refleqsisgan~ gansxvavebiT,
amgvari integrireba pirovnul-SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobiT miiRweva. sxvadasxva
profesiis adamians pirovnuli integrirebis aseTi gancda albaT TavianT aqtivobis
sferoebSi aqvT gancdili. ase rom raixis mier aRweril situaciisgan gansxvavebiT
me amgvar integrirebas `pirovnul-SemoqmedebiT orgazms~ vuwodeb, romelic ara
sxeulebrivi, aramed pirovnuli aqtivobidan momdinareobs.
Sinagan dispociziur ZalTa kompozicia yovelTvis garkveul geStalts qmnis,
romelic metad an naklebad efeqturia pirovnuli zrdis, bazisuri
moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. aseTi kompozicia, geStalti, sakmaod myari
sistemaa, Tumca fsiqoTerapiis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia misi xelaxali warmatebuli
reorganizacia, rasac adgili aqvs geStalt Terapiis efeqturad gamoyenebis dros.
sanam cvlileba moxdeba, geStalt Terapevtma aucilebelia dainaxos, aRiqvas, wvdes
im Sinagan dispoziciur ZalTa kompozicias, romelic ganapirobebs klientis
warumatebel qcevas, rac ar iZleva misTvis bazisuri, aucilebeli moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebas.

integracia

adamiani Sinaganad Tavisufali, Ria Tavisi

gamocdilebisadmi,romelic ganicdis sakuTar Tavisuflebas da
pasuxismgeblobas arCevanis winaSe, albaT ar eqvemdebareba misi garemo
pirobebis zemoqmedebis iseT mkacr kontrols, rogorsac ganicdis am
Tvisebebs moklebuli adamiani.
karl rojersi

sxva fsiqoTerapiuli meTodebisgan gansxvavebiT geStalt Terapia yuradRebas

integraciaze akeTebs. misi teqnikis aspeqtebi, rogorebicaa grZnobebze yuradRebis
gamaxvileba, urTierTsapirispiro ZalTa gaerTianeba, gacnobierebis gafarToeba,

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sizmrebze da ocnebebze muSaoba, sxeulze mimarTuli muSaoba, sakuTar Tavze
pasuxismgeblobis aReba, winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva, teqnikuri procedurebi,
yovelive klientis integraciazea warmarTuli. intergracia daSlil
araorganizebul pirovnebas esaWiroeba, visac dakarguli aqvs pirovnuli
mTelisTvis saWiro nawilebi, romlebic ugulvelyofili, gaucnobierebeli,
ignorirebulia da aRar gamoiyeneba mis aqtivobaSi. geStalt Terapevtis meSveobiT,
zemoT CamoTvlili teqnikuri procedurebis daxmarebiT, klienti acnobierebs
Tavis nevrotul ganridebiT qcevebs. Sedegad, pirovneba axdens Tavisi
gaucxoebuli nawilebis ”me~-Si integracias. simbolurad, aseTi adamiani
naxvretebiani holandiuri yvelis naWers hgavs. igi ver acnobierebs `pirovnebaSi
arsebul naxvretebs~. amasTan miaCnia, rom akontrolebs sicarieleSi mimdinare
procesebs, rac iluziaa. figuralurad, rom vTqvaT, saWiroa dakarguli nawilebis
kvlav pirovnebisTvis dabruneba, e. w. `TeTri laqebis~ amovseba. geStalt
TerapiaSi integraciis procesi dakarguli nawilebis gaTamaSebiT xerxdeba.
TamaSobs ra dakarguli nawilis rols pirovneba misi funqciis asimilirebas
axdens. Tuki manamde klients egona, rom misi moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba
mxolod sxvas SeeZlo, sakuTari dakarguli nawilis asimilaciiT da erT mTelad
integrirebis Semdeg, igi acnobierebs, rom aqvs unari daexmaros sakuTari Tavs da
daikmayofilos aqtualuri moTxovnilebebi. es is potencialia, romelic
cxovrebaSi pirovnuli zrdisa da realizaciis winapirobaa.
geStalt TerapiaSi integracia miiRweva, rodesac klienti uSualo da Rrma
kavSirs amyarebs Tavisi pirovnebis TiToeul nawilTan, amiT `me~, erT
mTlianharmoniul sistemad ikvreba. anu, azrovneba, emocia, sxeuli, metyveleba,
fizikuri da socialuri garemo uSualod misawvdomi, kontrolirebadi da erTiani
sistemiT marTuli xdeba. es, rom moxdes, Terapevti klients TiToeuli am nawilis
asimilirebaSi unda daexmaros. daSlili, araintegrirebuli pirovneba sakuTari
personis mniSvnelovani nawilebisgan izolirebulia, maTTan Sexebis, kavSiris
mcdeloba marcxiT mTavrdeba. radgan, am dros winaaRmdegoba mZlavri
intensivobiT moqmedebs, rac sakuTar nawilebTan gaucxoebaSi vlindeba.
integracia, represirebul, daTrgunul gancdaTa gacnobierebas saWiroebs,
geStalt Terapia yuradRebas klientis mxridan amaxvilebs, Tu rogori qceviT
axdens klienti misTvis saWiro kontaqtisgan ganridebas.
fsiqoTerapia klientisTvis azartul process SeiZleba daemsgavsos, romelSic
igi Tavisi sisusteebis daZleva-gaZlierebiTaa dakavebuli. miuxedavad amisa,
gamoricxuli araa, rom integraciis gzaze siZneleebi iyos gadasalaxi. romelic
did Zalisxmevasa da mizanswrafvas moiTxovs. Terapevti klients yovelmxriv unda
amzadebdes amisTvis. Tu klienti ver gauZlebs process, man Terapias Tavic
SeiZleba daanebos, xolo Tu Tvali gauswora da daZlia siZneleebi, maSin amas
integracia da pirovnuli zrda, mohyveba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom integraciis procesi gansxvavebul klientebTan
individualuria, imisda mixedviT Tu ra dacviTi meqanizmebia saxeze, procesi
ganxorcielebis strategias gulisxmobs. integracia introeqciis, proeqciis,

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retrofleqsiis, konfaluenciis da difleqsiis SemTxvevebSi geStalt Terapevtma
unda icodes, rom introeqciis dros klienti moklebulia unars erTmaneTisgan
gaarCios sakuTari da sxvisi Sexeduleba; is, rac miseul pozicias warmoadgens da
rac sxvisagan Tavsmoxveulia. amitom, geStalt Terapevtma unda icodes, rom
integraciis dros klientis fokusSi unda moaxvedros is Sinaarsebi, romlisadmic
mas ukritiko, mimReblobiTi damokidebuleba aqvs. isini Cveulebriv, mSoblebis, an
avtoritetebis mxridan mowonebuli da pozitiurad arian daxasiaTebuli. amasTan
Terapevtma introeqciis qcevis mqoneSi unda ganaviTaros kritikuli
damokidebuleba, rac miwodebuli Sinaarsebis upirobo miRebis nacvlad maT
`gadaReWvaSi~, sakuTari aqtivobiT gadamuSavebaSi gamoixateba.
introeqciis dacviTi meqanizmis mqone adamiani, Tavis am problemas metyvelebaSi
enobrivadac gamoxatavs, es saTanado dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSi advilad aRmosaCenia.
aseTi adamiani, xSirad xmarobs `Cven~-s, imis magivrad, rom ixmaros `me~, rac
gaucxoebis aRmniSvnelia. klientis amgvar `Cven~-Si imaleba is rac mas sxvebisgan
Tavsmoxveuli aqvs, rogorc Sexeduleba an faseuloba, magram piradad misTvis es
gaucnobierebelia. amitom geStalt Terapevtma klients `Cven~ forma `me~-d unda
Seacvlevinos.
introeqciis dacviTi meqanizmi kvebiTi Cvevebidan iRebs saTaves. aseTi adamiani
gaucnobiereblad, gemos gausinjavad, gadauReWavad sanslavs sakvebs. es procesi
hgavs ZuZuswovis asakis aqtivobas, roca bavSvs kbilebi ara aqvs, rom saWmeli
gadaamuSaos, amitom gadamuSavebis gareSe, mxolod Txevad sakvebs ylapavs.
gacnobiereba gulisxmobs produqtis gadamuSavebis unaris gamomuSavebas, rac
miiRweva sakvebis manamde ReWviT, sanam is Txevad masad ar gadaiqceva, romlis
asimilirebac ukve SesaZlebelia. `gadaReWviT~, anu kritikuli damokidebulebiT
klienti swavlobs misTvis ucxo sakvebis Tu Sexedulebis struqturis daSlas. es
aqtivoba kbena, kbeCa da gadaReWvaSi gamoixateba.
Tu klienti kritikul damokidebulebas gamoavlens, maSin introeqciis magivrad
garemos miwodebuli Sinaarsi, an asimilirdeba da pirovnebas gaaZlierebs; anda
ukuigdeba, rogorc usargeblo da arasaWiro, rac saboloo jamSi klientis `me~-s
gaZlierebas emsaxureba.
proeqciis mqone klientis integracia geStalt Terapevtis mxrian specifikur
dakvirvebasa da aRmoCenas saWiroebs. aseTi adamiani mis SigniT mimdinare
procesebs garemos miawers, es Cveulebriv pasuxismgeblobis aridebis Sedegad
xdeba. proeqciis mqonis ena gamoirCeva imiT, rom igi xSirad sadac `me~ unda
ixmaros da igulisxmos, warmoTqvams `mas~-s. geStalt Terapevtis mxridan
klientSi pasuxismgeblobis gaRviZeba imaSi gamoixateba, rom man pasuxismgebloba
aiRos rogorc sakuTar Tavze, ise garemoze. adamiani sakuTar garemos Tavad qmnis,
amdenad masze pasuxismgebelic aris. adamiani, romelsac proeqcia axasiaTebs
simbolurad ase gamoiyureba: `mas hgonia, rom fanjaraSi iyureba, magram aRqmulis
gacnobiereba Tu moxda, igi mixvdeba, rom Turme sarkeSi ixedeba~, anu is rac mas
gareT egona rom xdeboda, sakuTar TavSi xdeba. mxolod pasuxismgeblobis
aRebiTaa SesaZlebeli im Sinaarsebis asimilireba, romelsac klienti gaurbis.

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integrirebuli klienti erTis mxriv gaucxoebuli Sinaarsebis asimilirebas
axerxebs, xolo meores mxriv, cvlis garemos, romelSiac cxovrobs.
retrofleqsirebulis integrireba geStalt Terapevtis mxridan dakvirvebasa
da yuradRebas moiTxovs. gasarkvevia impulsi da qceva, romelic romlebic
moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad garemosken unda iyos warmarTuli, rogor
miimarTeba sakuTar Tavze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, adgili aqvs proeqciis sawinaaRmdego
process. Sedegad qceva moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas ar emsaxureba.
integraciisTvis klientma unda gaacnobieros retrofleqsiuri qceva; impulsi,
romlis represias, daTrgunvasac axdens. unda miiRos da Semdeg axali
mimarTulebiT warmarTos. Sedegad, moxdeba sakuTari `me~-s disocirebuli nawilis
xelaxla integrireba. es procesi SeiZleba xanmoklec aRmoCndes da xangrZlivic.
yvelaferi geStalt Terapevtis ostatobasa da klientis mizandasaxulobazea
damokidebuli. amasTan klientisTvis Terapiis procesi usiamovno gancdebis
Semcvelic SeiZleba aRmoCndes, risTvisac igi mzad unda iyos.
konfluenciis qcevis mqone klientis integrirebisas, geStalt Terapevts
mxedvelobaSi unda hqondes, rom amgvari klienti garemosTan kontaqtis damyarebis
nacvlad mas erwymis. misTvis Tavad Serwymis aqti gaucnobierebelia: impulsebi,
romlebic am dros warmoiSveba avtoritetuli garemos moTxovnebis gamo
ignorirebulia iTrguneba. es mdgomareoba dedis saSoSi nayofis yofnis
anareklia; nayofis fizikuri, da miT umetes fsiqologiuri damoukidebloba
Zlier sustia. geStalt Terapevtma integraciis mxardasaWerad unda waaxalisos
identobis gamomxatveli impulsebi, rogorc warmatebisa da moTxovnilebis
damakmayofilebeli gamovlinebebi. konfluenciis integrireba xangrZlivi da
usiamovno procesi SeiZleba aRmoCndes risTvisac geStalt Terapevtma saTanadod
unda moamzados klienti.
difleqsiis reaqciebis mqone klientis integrirebisas mxedvelobaSia misaRebi
amgvari klientis uunaroba fokusSi moaqcios saWiro figura. igi ver axerxebs
fonidan gamoadiferenciros da moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad aqtualur
figuraze koncentrirdes. Terapevti klients imis gacnobierebaSi unda daexmaros,
rom impulsi, romelic figuraze koncentrirebas iwvevs zianis momtani araa,
piriqiT, aqtualuri moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisTvis sasargebloa. gacnobiereba
da koncentraciis unari integraciisken mimaval gzas warmoadgens. difleqsiis
qcevis daZlevisaTvis saWiroa gacnobierebulad Sesruldes qceva, romelic Sedegis
momtani araa, rom mis sanacvlod mignebuli iqnes moTxovnilebis
damakmayofilebeli qcevis strategia.
integrirebuli pirovneba araintegrirebulisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom igi
kargi gagebiT araprognozirebadia, araa midrekili erTi dacviTi qcevis
strategias. amis gamo, rTul cxovrebiseul situaciebSi flobs araordinalur
svlebs, igi spontanturia, tvinis zedmetad `Wyletis~ gareSe poulobs gamosavals.
didi Zalisxmevis gareSe xvdeba, ra obieqtebTan daamyaros kontaqti da ras
ganeridos. aseTni arian yvela mkiTxvelisTvis sayvareli literaturuli
personaJebi: baron miunhauzeni da mola nasredini, romlebic yoveli rTuli

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situaciidan TavianTi integrirebulobisa da kreatiulobis gamo gamarjvebuli
gamodian. geStalt Terapiis mixedviT kontrolis fokusi visac sakuTar TavSi aqvs,
vinc Tavis Tavs eyrdnoba WirSic da lxinSic. is cxovrebaSi problemebis daZlevis
saukeTeso variants poulobs da axorcielebs.
geStalt Terapiis teqnikuri procedurebi

xelisufalTa Soris saukeTeso is aris, vis arsebobasac adamianebi

TiTqmis ver amCneven. arc Tu ise kargia is _ visac adamianebi ujereben
da adideben; yvelaze uaresia xelisufali, romelic sZulT.
`adamianebi pativs ar scemen mas, vinc pativs ar scems adamianebs.~
brZeni xelisufali aRwevs ra mizans, ar ganadidebs Tavis gakeTebul
saqmes. xalxi ki ityvis: `Cven es TviTon gavakeTeT.”
lao Zi

geStalt Terapia egzistencialuri fsiqoTerapiuli modelia, romelsac ara

marto Teoriuli koncefcia gamoarCevs, aramed mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
teqnikac.
geStalt Terapiis teqnikaSi Cven vgulisxmobT erTis mxriv, am fsiqoTerapiuli
modelisTvis damaxasiaTebel principebs (am principebze Cven wina TavebSi gvqonda
yuradReba gamaxvilebuli), meores mxriv, procesualur jgufur da individualur
TamaSebs, romlebic Tavis droze perlsma, xolo SemdgomSi Tanamedrove geStalt
Terapevtebma srulyves.
axla dawvrilebiT yuradRebas ar gavamaxvilebT geStalt Terapiis ZiriTad
principebze, maT mxolod CamovTvliT. detalurad ki ganvixilavT im geStalt
TamaSebs, romlebic intensiurad gamoiyeneba jgufur TerapiaSi.
geStaltTerapevts kargad unda hqondes gacnobierebuli, rom 1) procesi
aucileblad awmyo droSi warmarTos, aqcenti am awmyo drosa da sivrceze unda
iqnas gakeTebuli da ara warsulze, momavalze an gaurkveveli droisa da sivrciT
mimarTebebze; 2) Terapevti unda iyenebdes `me~ da `Sen~ mimarTebis enas da ara
`Cven~-s, rac sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aRebas gulisxmobs, winaaRmdeg
zogadi saubrisa, roca sakuTari azrebi da Sexedulebebi sxvaTa damaxsovrebuli
Tu amokiTxuli azrebiTaa Secvlili. awmyo droSi `aq da axla~ principiT unda
gacnobierdes Siga, gare da fantaziis zonaSi mimdinare procesebi; 3) Terapevtma
klientis yuradReba, cnobiereba unda warmarTos Tu procesSi `ra?~ da `rogor?~
xdeba, da ara `ratom?~-ze, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi procesis arasworad
warmarTulad CaiTvleba; 4) Terapevti yovelmxriv unda aqezebdes pirovnebaTSoris
pirdapir uSualo mimarTebebs, da aRkveTdes Woraobas da urTierTTan irib
mimarTebebs, aseve azris gamoTqmas imaT Sesaxeb, vinc axla aq araa; 5) miuRebelia
erTmaneTSi kiTxvebiT saubari, aseTi kiTxvebi klientma sakuTar Sexedulebad unda
gardaqmnas da ise miawodos partniors.
sanam ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixilavT geStalt TamaSebs, romlebic perlsis
muSaobis droidan moyolebuli iqmneba da ixveweba, SevexoT Terapevtis teqnikur

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mxaresa da arsenals, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs ise warmarTos procesi, rom
Sedegad klientis pirovnuli zrda da winsvla ganxorcieldes.
geStalt-jgufSi muSaobis or meTods gamoyofen. erTi _ rodesac Terapevti
jgufis romelime erT wevrTan muSaobs, am dros jgufis sxva wevrebi procesis
mimdinareobaSi aqtiurad ar Sedian, magram CarTulobis maRali xarisxi aqvT,
usmenen, uyureben da akvirdebian. muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg jgufis wevrebi
identifikacias axdenen klientTan, romlis problemebic gasagebi da aqtualuria
danarCenebisTvis. amasTan cvlilebebi, romlebic ganicada klientma aisaxeba jgufis
wevrebzec. rogorc wesi es cvlilebebi mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens sxva
adamianebzec, romlebic CarTulni arian amgvar muSaobaSi. maTTvis klientis
Sinagani cxovrebis fragmentebi, romlebic manamde miuwvdomeli iyo gasagebi da
naTeli xdeba. xSirad klientis cxovrebis fragmentebi msgavsia jgufis wevrebis
cxovrebiseuli Sinaarsebis, amitom maTTvisac gasagebi xdeba, Tu rogori qceva
daexmarebaT frustraciis gadalaxvaSi. amas garda, Tavad geStalt Terapevtic
aCvenebs im gzebs, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia problemaTa mogvareba.
jgufSi muSaobis meore meTodia, procesSi ramodenime, an yvela wevris CarTva.
ra Tqma unda, wevrebs Soris kontaqti aqac dagegmilia. jgufSi Sesaqmnelia
`usafrTxo riskis~ atmosfero, romlis drosac waxalisebulia klientis mxridan
sakuTari Tavis Riad gamoxatva. sxvebi am dros mas Tavs ar esxmian, Wkuas ar
arigeben, rCevebs ar aZleven da ar akritikeben. miuRebelia amgvari muSaobis dros
ganzrax raime Teoriuli an qceviTi xisti CarCoebis Semotana. leqciis kiTxva,
cnobili adamianebis azrebis moyvana-damowmeba, es yvelaferi ukusagdebia, rogorc
xelisSemSleli wonis mqone bargi, romelic xels uSlis jgufis wevrTa
TviTgacnobierebas, aZnelebs TviTgamoxatvas, autentobis miRwevas. xSirad
Terapevti jgufis wevrebs sTavazobs erTobliv varjiSebs, romelic `aq da amJamad~
principiT ama Tu im procesze, koncentrirebas gulisxmobs. Sedegad mcirdeba
Zalisxmeva, usargeblo energiis xarjva Tavdacvasa da blokirebaze, rac
saSualebas aZlevs monawileebs jgufSi yofnis TviTgancdisa da pirovnuli
TviTmyofadobis Semecneba-gac­nobierebis­Tvis. gacnobierebis amgvari nakadis
arseboba jgufSi geStalt-muSaobis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia. jgufSi arsebuli
mudmivad cvalebadi SegrZnebebis, grZnobebis, emociebis, reaqciebis dakvirveba
gacnobiereba waxalisebulia. rac CixSi moqceul, azriT warmarTul adamianisTvis,
pirovnuli zrdisa da xelisSemSleli fiqsirebuli ganwyobebis gacnobierebis,
Secvlis kargi stimulia.
geStalt Terapevti ar unda iyos klientTan mimarTebaSi avtoritaruli; ar
unda aZlevdes rCevebs. unda Seqmnas iseTi atmosfero, romelSic saukeTeso gzis
povna da ganxorcieleba klients ZaluZs. daarwmunos klienti, rom is potenciaSi
yvelaze kargad da adeqvaturad aRiqvams sakuTar Tavs da realobas, romelSiac
cxovrobs.
geStalt Terapevti unda scemdes pativs klientis pirovnebas, mis mTlianobas.
Terapevtis funqciaa, Seqmnas atmosfero, romelSiac SesaZlebelia Tavis

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gacnobiereba da pirovnuli zrda. is mudam Ria unda iyos kontaqtisTvis, problemis
wvdomisa da gagebisaTvis.
mimdinare procesis gacnobiereba pirvel yovlisa Tavad Terapevts unda
SeeZlos. is ar aris naTelmxilveli an yovlismcodne, aramed realobis kargi
mayurebeli da damkvirvebelia, rig situaciebSi igi am dakvirvebis Sedegebs awvdis
klients, magram ara misi manipulaciis mizniT. man klients ar unda moaxvios Tavs
sakuTari Sexeduleba. Terapevtma unda misces ufleba, rom misi mosazrebebidan rac
surs da misaRebia is gaiziaros klientma da rac ar miaCnia mniSvnelovnad uaryos.
TamaSebisa da procedurebis uamravi varianti arsebobs. am procedurebs TamaSs
imis gamo vuwodebT, rom isini Terapevtis mxridan xelovnuradaa inicirebuli.
TiToeuli maTgani klientis reaqciaze, azris damokidebulebis gamoxatvazea
mimarTuli. is rac axla xdeba mis Tavs, am momentSi. TamaSis daxmarebiT klienti
imasac arkvevs, Tu ra aris realoba da ra fantazia. TamaSebis mizania fsiqikuri
realobis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gacnobiereba, ganmtkiceba da gaZliereba.
1. `cxeli skami~. rodesac jgufSi Terapevti erT personasTan muSaobs, xolo
danarCeni jgufis wevrebi Tvalyurs adevneben, aseT process `cxel skamze~ muSaoba
ewodeba. am dros klienti jgufuri muSaobis centrSi, fokusSi imyofeba. miskenaa
mipyrobili mTeli jgufis yuradReba, isini aqtiurad am procesSi ar erTvebian.
2. `carieli skami~. Terapevtsa da klients Soris muSaobisas figurirebs e. w.
`carieli skami~, romelic klientisTvis mniSvnelovan figurasTan dialogisTvis
gamoiyeneba. mniSvnelovani figura SeiZleba iyos warsulidan, awmyodan an
momavlidan. aseve cariel skamze SeiZleba gaTamaSdes dialogi sxvadasxva sub-
personebTan, magaliTad, klientis `igi~-s da `idealur me~-s Soris mimarTebebi.
aseve `keTil~ da `borot~, `misaReb~ da `miuRebel~ nawilebs Soris dialogi da a.
S. am dros klienti orive skamze rig-rigobiT ganasaxierebs mxareebs. es procesi
rekomendirebulia Catardes klientisTvis mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebis
win, rodesac skamze ganTavsebuli mxareebi, gadawyvetilebis `momxre~ da
`mowinaaRmdege~ poziciebs axmovaneben. saukeTeso gadawyvetileba Cveulebriv
kompromisulia da SeTanxmebiT miiReba.
3. `wreze~ muSaoba. Terapevti rig-rigobiT erTi da igive fraziT mimarTavs
wreSi mjdom monawileebs. winadadeba SeiZleba gamoxatavdes sxvadasxva Sinaarssa
da emocias, rogoricaa brazi, sayveduri, Tavazianoba, sinanuli. Terapevtis
fantaziidan gamomdinare es samuSao sxvadasxva variantiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes.
magaliTad, klients moeTxoveba gaimeoros miwodebuli winadadeba. proceduris
arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, Tu vin rogor gamoxatavs ama Tu im Sinaarss. zogs uWirs
brZanebis warmoTqma, zogs ki Tavazianoba. amasTan procedura klients exmareba
fonidan figuris gamokveTaSi da masze koncentrirebaSi.
4. `daumTavrebeli winadadeba~. es wreze muSaobis naisarxeobaa. Terapevti
warmoTqvams dausrulebel winadadebas. magaliTad, `me am jgufSi aravis vendobi...~
an `me Zalian kargi xasiaTi maqvs...~ jgufis wevrebs moeTxovebaT gaimeoron
mosmenili da Tavis mxridan daamaton is rac TavSi mouvaT. aRniSnuli savarjiSo
gulisxmobs interpretacias, rac TerapevtTan erTad unda gacnobierdes. amis

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saSualebiT Terapevti gadis im dacviT meqanizmebze, romlebic jgufis wevrebs
SeiZleba gaaCndeT. magaliTad, proeqcia, introeqcia, retrofleqsia, defleqsia,
konfluencia.
5. sizmarze, ocnebaze muSaoba. geStalt Terapevti `axla da aq~ klients Txovs
warmoadginos sizmris, an ocnebis fragmenti. TiTqos is kinofilmi iyos, romelic
jgufis wevrebs ar unaxavT. amasTan nanaxi personaJebi klientis mxridan pirvel
pirSi da axlandel droSi unda iyos gadmocemuli, gamoxatuli. sizmris TiToeuli
detali klientis pirovnebis garkveul aspeqts gamoxatavs, warmoaCens.
amgvari gamoxatva vrceldeba sizmarSi nanax sulier da usulo sagnebzec. ara
aqvs didi mniSvneloba sizmars an ocnebas ramodenime wlis winaT hqonda adgili
Tu axlaxan.
aRniSnuli procedura klientis mZlavri gancdebis-emociebis warmoCenas, maT
gacnobiereba-gagebas emsaxureba.
6. akrZalulze, tabuirebulze, saidumloze muSaoba. am problemaze muSaoba isec
aris SesaZlebeli, rom Tavad diskomfortis gamomwvevi Sinaarsi ar iyos
warmoTqmuli. amisTvis jgufis wevrebi fiqroben TavianT pirad saidumloze,
romelic sindisis qenjvnas, danaSaulis grZnobas hgvriT. amis Semdeg warmoidgenen,
rom maT jgufis wevrebs gaandes saTqmeli, da aseve warmodgenaSi akvirdebian im
reaqciebs, romlebic maTi mxridan iqna gamoxatuli. am ukanasknelze, isini realurad
yvebian da uziareben jgufis wevrebs ise, rom xdeba azrTa urTierTgaziareba.
sakuTar damokidebulebebs jgufis wevrebis warmosaxul pasuxze da reaqciaze.
amgvari procedura iwvevs gaucnobier Sinaarsze koncentrirebas, gacnobiereba
aseve grZnobebis, emociebis warmoCenas da kaTarziss.
7. me viReb pasuxismgeblobas saubarSi romelSic TiToe­uli wevri CarTulia
geStalt Terapevti Semodis winadadebiT, rom yovel naTqvams jgufis wevrebma
daamaton fraza _ `me viReb pasuxismgeblobas~. proceduris mizania klientma
gaacnobieros naTqvamis mniSvneloba da sakuTari pasuxismgebloba warmoTqmulze.
8. kontaqtisa da ganridebis monacvleoba. interpersonalur mimarTebebSi
klienti xSirad midrekilia mudmivad kontaqtisaken, an ganridebisken. idealSi, es
am mimarTebaTa riTmuli cvalebadobaa. moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas ganrideba
unda mohyves, xolo daukmayofileblobas kontaqti. geStalt Terapevti dakvirvebis
Sedegad sTavazobs jgufis wevrs ganaxorcielos erTi an meore, gaacnobieros
aRniSnuli mimarTebebi. Tu jgufis wevri ganridebiskenaa midrekili, mas jgufi
usafrTxo garemos sTavazobs, romelSiac mas imden xans SeuZlia iyos, sanam
kontaqtis moTxovnileba ar gadasZlevs. proceduris mizania klientma
gacnobierebulad da mizanSewonilad cvalos garemosTan kontaqtisa da ganridebis
riTmi.
9. daTrgunulis gazviadeba. Terapevti akvirdeba Tu vis ra Sinaarsis gamoxatva
uWirs, ra ar exerxeba. magaliTad, agresia, siyvaruli, intimuri grZnoba da a. S.
klients moeTxoveba gazviadebuli formiT, ufro mkveTrad gamoxatos is Sinaarsebi,
romelic misTvis problematuria. Terapevti am dros exmareba aRniSnul Sinaarsebze

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koncentrirebaSi, gacnobierebaSi. miuTiTebs amis ganxorcielebis SesaZlo gzebsa
da variantebze.
10. reversuli qceva. klientze dakvirvebisa da obieqturi informaciis miRebis
Semdeg mas sTxoven Seasrulos qceva, romelic radikalurad gansxvavdeba, as
oTxmoci gradusiT sapirispiroa im qcevis, romelic mas axasiaTebs. magaliTad, Tu
klienti pasiuria, mas sTxoven gamoxatos agresiuloba. Tu morcxvia, Txoven
gamoxatos iniciativiani _ Tamami qceva. am dros klienti afarToebs Tavisi
moqmedebis, xedvis sazRvrebs.
11. proeqciuli qceva. rodesac jgufis wevri iseT aRqmebs gamoavlens, romelic
proeqciis gamomxatvelia, geStalt Terapevti mas sTxovs im adamianis roli
iTamaSos, romelzedac axdens proecirebas. am dros klienti sakuTar konfliqtur
mxares avlens da gamoxatavs, rac mis farul, gaucnobierebel pirovnul
aspeqtebTan gacnobierebuli mimarTebisTvisaa saWiro. Sedegad klienti acnobierebs
sakuTar TavSi arsebul im konfliqts, romlis arsebobac manamde misTvis ucnobi
iyo.
12. retrofleqsiuli qceva. rodesac geStalt Terapevti jgufis wevrSi
aRmoaCens qcevas, romlis drosac is sakuTar TavTan rogorc sxvasTan iseT
urTierTobaSia, magaliTad, ambobs `me unda gavakeTo esa da es~, sakuTar Tavs
kicxavs, an kiTxvebs usvams, es retrofleqsuri dacviTi stilis gamomxatvelia, mas
SeiZleba SesTavazos aseTi procedura: is, rasac klienti sakuTar Tavs eubneba, an
ukeTebs, sxvis mimarT gamoxatos.
amisTvis jgufSi specifikuri Tbili atmosfero da mimarTebebia Sesaqmneli, rom
klientma gabedos is, rac misTvis Cveulebriv cxovrebaSi diskomfortuli da
Znelad gansaxorcielebelia.
igive viTarebaSi geStalt Terapevtma SeiZleba klients SesTavazos
retrofleqsiuri qcevis Sesruleba an sakuTar TavTan sityvieri mimarTva,
romelSiac SesamCnevad gazviadebuli iqneba retrofleqsiuri momentebi, rom jgufis
wevrma kargad gaacnobieros sakuTar TavSi arsebuli problema.
13. konfluenciuri qceva. rodesac Terapevti SeamCnevs, rom klienti zedmetad
iTqvifeba jgufSi, kargavs sakuTar poziciasa da `saxes~. erwymis umravlesobas,
maSin SesaZlebelia SesTavazos qcevis ganxorcieleba, romelSic igi
daupirispirdeba umravlesobas. gamoxatos sakuTari `me~-s iseT waxnagebs, romliTac
igi gamoirCeva sxvebisgan. jgufSi, Sesabamisi tolerantuli atmosferos Seqmnis
SemTxvevaSi, klients gauadvildeba sakuTari Tavis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis
warmoCena, danaxva, gacobiereba.
14. defleqsiuri qceva. rodesac jgufis wevrs uWirs fonidan, figuris gamoyofa,
masze koncentrireba, es Cveulebriv aseT qcevaSi vlindeba: adamians, rodesac surs
vinmesTan kontaqtSi Sesvla, ver axerxebs Tvalis gasworebas, fokusSi moqcevas,
misi mzera obieqtis miRmaa mimarTuli. am problemaze muSaobisas geStalt
Terapevti klients sTxovs ar moaSoros mzera sasurvel obieqts, amasTan
sityvierad warmoTqvas, gaaxmovanos Tavisi gancdebi.

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 am varjiSiT klienti naTlad acnobierebs ra unda da ra ar unda, amis
Sesabamisad ras akeTebs da ras ar akeTebs.
15. dabneulobaze muSaoba. dabneuloba usiamovno gancdaa, romelic klientSi
meryeobas badebs, man ar icis, ver gadauwyvetia kontaqti daamyaros obieqtTan, Tu
ganeridos. yovelive es motorul da inteleqtualur doneze aqtivobisTvis
moumzadeblobas ganapirobebs, es ki qcevis CaSlas iwvevs, rac dabneulobaSi
gamoixateba.
geStalt Terapevtis daxmareba imaSi gamoixateba, rom xeli Seuwyos klients
gauZlos realobas, SeZlos darCes masTan, cnobierad ganicados movlena, ar gaeqces
mas. es imaSi gamoixateba, rom fokusSi moaqcios dabneuloba, fonidan figurad
gardaqmnas igi. klientisTvis aRmoCena isaa, rom Tu is kontaqts ar Sewyvets, ar
ganerideba usiamovno gancdas maSin, Tavad organizmi iZleva biZgs da mimarTulebas,
Tu saiT wavides procesi da rogor daiZlios dabneuloba.
mcdari gzaa dabneulobis dros klienti ecados inteleqtualurad gadaWras
problema, man ZiriTadad is unda gaakeTos, rom miiRos problema, `Tvalgaxelili~
Sexvdes mas, ZiriTadi biZgi, problemis gadaWris kuTxiT misi inteleqtualuri
Carevis gareSe moxdeba.
sicariele dabneulobis nayofia, is gamoxatavs realobas, rom kontaqti ar aris.
klients am dros rom sTxovon raime warmoisaxos, mas araferi TavSi ar mosdis,
mxolod qaosi da gaurkvevlobaa.
geStalt Terapevtis funqcia am dros imaSi mdgomareobs, rom miaRebinos
klients sicariele rogorc fokusirebadi obieqti, Tu es moxerxda pacienti
aRmoaCens, rom sicarielis ekranze, rogorc CaZinebis win, xatebi warmoisaxeba,
romlebic `nayofier sicarieled~ SeiZleba iqces. es klientisTvis `aha~ gancdis
gamomwvevia, rasac dabneuloba jer gaurkvevlobaSi, xolo Semdeg sicxadeSi
gadahyavs.
16. pirovnul zonaTa gacnobiereba. es varjiSi sakuTari Tavis proecirebasa da
realurad danaxvas emsaxureba. igi efeqturia jgufuri muSaobisas da SedarebiT
adreul stadiaze gamoiyeneba. procesis ganxorcielebisaTvis geStalt Terapevts
esaWiroeba 1) Sinagan, 2) garegan da 3) Sua _ fantaziis zonebze koncentrirebis
unari. aRniSnuli proceduris Casatareblad saWiroa daaxloebiT erTi saaTi.
procedura SeiZleba Catardes, rogorc geStalt Terapevtsa da klients Soris,
aseve wyvilad gaerTianebul klientebs Soris, geStalt Terapevtis instruqtaJiTa
da TandaswrebiT.
rogorc vTqviT, Cveni gacnobierebis sfero daiyofa sam zonad. gare realobad,
Cveni sxeulis Sinagan realobad da Cveni azrovnebis, fantaziis sferod. jgufis
wevrebi wyvil-wyvilad sxdebian erTmaneTis pirispir. aduneben sxeuls da erT-erTi
maTgani warmoTqvams frazas `me axla vacnobiereb, rom...~ da cdilobs aRweros is
SegrZnebebi, romlebic mxolod gare realobis zonas ganekuTvneba. magaliTad,
partnioris tansacmlis feri, misi parfiumeriis surneli, quCis xmauri da a. S. igi
imeorebs naTqvams da Tan ukvirdeba warmoTqmul Sinaarss da acnobierebs
SegrZnebebs. partniori cdilobs Seusworos, Tu klienti gare zonis magier sxva

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Sinaarsebsac asaxelebs. amis Semdeg, igives akeTebs meore monawilec. Semdgomi
procedura moicavs koncentirebas sxeulze _ Sinagan zonaze. erT-erTi monawile
warmoTqvams frazas `axla me vacnobiereb...~ da amTavrebs Sinagani SegrZnebebis
aRweriT, rogoricaa magaliTad, barZaySi kunTis daWimuloba, piris simSrale,
xelisgulis qavili da a. S. igi imeorebs naTqvams da akvirdeba SegrZnebebs. amis
Semdeg, monawileni Segnebulad ar unda koncentrirdnen romelime zonaze, aramed
ecadon daamTavron winadadeba `me vacnobiereb, rom...~ moayolon is Sinaarsebi,
romlebic TavisTavad mosdiT TavSi. amiT aRmoaCenen im Sinaarsebs, romlebic
yvelaze problematuri da aqtualuria maTTvis.
rodesac mTlianad moaxdenen TiToeul zonasTan identificirebas, Seecadon
cnobierad gadavidnen erTi zonidan meoreSi. amas garda, gaafarTovon TiToeuli
zonis gacnobierebis masStabi, aRmoaCinon maTSi is Sinaarsebi, romlebsac manamde ar
aqcevdnen yuradRebas da ver SeigrZnobdnen.
xSirad klientebs eSlebaT erTmaneTSi Sinagani da fantaziis zonis Sinaarsebi,
es im SemTxvevaSi xdeba, rodesac klients Sinagani zonis sensoruli monacemebi
ereva Tavis intuiciur warmodgenebSi. am SemTxvevaSi partniori unda daexmaros mas,
rom zusti saxeli daarqvas TiToeuls.
SesaZlebelia am varjiSis amgvari gagrZelebac. monawile uyurebs partniors,
ambobs frazas `axla me vacnobiereb...~ da amTavrebT meores dakvirvebis SinaarsiT,
Tu ras ganicdis partniori samive zonaSi cal-calke. Semdeg partniorTan azustebs
misi dakvirvebis SinaarsTa siswores. magaliTad, akvirdeba da axmovanebs
partnioris Sinagani zonis Sinaarss, ambobs mis magier `me vacnobiereb, rom vgrZnob
daZabulobas kisris areSi...~ da a. S. samive zonis amowurvis Semdeg igives asrulebs
meore partnioric. amis Semdeg, igi ukukavSiriT pasuxobs procesis monawiles,
eubneba Tu ramdenad sworia misi dakvirveba.
bolos xdeba jgufTan aRniSnuli proceduris ganxilva da gansja.
17. saSinao davaleba. es procedura aCqarebs pozitiuri Terapiuli Sedegis
miRebas. saSinao davaleba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom klienti miubrundes Terapiuli
seansis dros ganxorcielebul proceduras da xelaxla gaiTamaSos is, axla ukve
damoukideblad sxvaTa Tandaswrebis gareSe. am dros mas eZleva saSualeba
aRmoaCinos winaaRmdegoba da gamouxatavi Sinaarsebi. Sedegad, klients SeuZlia
gaacnobieros misi mxridan ganridebis tendenciebi, aseve gaarkvios, Tu ra
situaciaSi da rogor wyvitavs is gacnobierebisa da gamoxatvis msvlelobas. zogs
Zalian uWirs saSinao davalebis Sesruleba, rac masSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobis
demonstrirebaa. visac ZaluZs amgvari proceduris Sesruleba, is aCqarebs Terapiis
warmatebiT damTavrebis process.
18. urTierTdapirispirebulTa integracia: `Tavdamsxmeli da Tavdamcveli~. es
savarjiSo mimarTulia klientis konfliqtur mxareTa aRmoCena, gacnobiereba-
daZlevisaken. procedura tardeba 40-50 wuTis ganmavlobaSi da emsaxureba
gamocdilebis SeZenas. am gaTamaSebis wamyvans esaWiroeba geStalt Terapevtis
kvalifikacia. seansis dawyebis win wamyvanma monawileebs unda gaacnos

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`urTierTdapirispirebulTa~ cneba, rogoradac es geStalt TerapiaSia
Camoyalibebuli.
procedura ase mimdinareobs. jgufis monawileni wyvil-wyvilad
urTierTsapirispirod sxedan skamebze. erTi maTgani `Tavdamsxmelia~, xolo meore
`Tavdamcveli~. dialogi aseTi TanmimdevrobiT viTardeba. `Tavdamsxmeli~
adanaSaulebs, akritikebs, brals sdebs, xolo `Tavdamcveli~ Tavs imarTlebs,
bodiSebs ixdis, dapirebebs iZleva da a. S. 8-10 wuTis Semdeg rolebi icvleba.
monawileni rolebs icvlian. procesi kvlav 10 wuTamde grZeldeba. amis Semdeg
xdeba gamocdilebis gaziareba, Tu vis, romel rolSi ra gamosdioda da ra _ vera.
sad ufro mxned da Tavisuflad moqmedebda; romeli unarebi poulobdnen
realizacias da romeli ara. amis safuZvelze ikveTeba monawilis pirovnuli
waxnagebi da saxe. jgufi aqtiurad arCevs momxdars.
19. enis Zala. es procedura jgufis wevrebs exmareba maTi enis struqturis
SecvlaSi, es ki iwvevs pasuxismgeblobis aridebidan, pasuxismgeblobis aRebisken
svlas. Sedegad icvleba ara marto laparakis stili, aramed klientis azrovneba da
qceva. varjiSi moiTxovs 30 wuTs.
pirispir sxdebian da jgufis wevrebi wyvildebian, erTmaneTs TvalebSi
uyureben. monawileni TiToeuli ambobs sam frazas, romelic iwyeba sityvebiT `me
unda~ da a. S. partniori pasuxis nacvlad aseve ambobs sam frazas, romelic iwyeba
sityvebiT `me unda...~ amis Semdeg partniorebi kvlav warmoTqvamen TavianT naTqvam
winadadebas, magram dasawyisSi `me undas~ cvlian `me vamjobine~-Ti,, xolo
winadadebis danarCen nawils ucvlelad toveben. amis Semdeg monawile usmens
Tavisi partnioris Secvlil frazas, Tqmis Semdeg isini uziareben erTmaneTs
TavianT gancdebs.
amis Semdeg partniorebi rig-rigobiT amboben sam frazas, romlebic iwyeba
sityvebiT `me ar SemiZlia...~, xolo Semdeg cvlian `me ar minda~-Ti da ucvlelad
toveben winadadebis danarCen nawils. Semdeg, monawileebi naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT
kvlav uziareben erTmaneTs TavianT STabeWdilebebs, Seicvala raime Tu ara?
partniorebi kvlav amboben rig-rigobiT sam frazas, romelic iwyeba sityvebiT
`me saWiroa~, xolo naTqvamis pirvel nawils SemdgomSi cvlian `me minda~-Ti, xolo
danarCen nawils ucvlelad toveben. amis Semdeg akvirdebian naTqvams da msjeloben
aris raime mniSvnelovani warmoTqmulSi? erTmaneTs uziareben STabeWdilebebs.
bolos partniorebi warmoTqvamen sam-sam frazas, romelic iwyeba `me meSinia,
rom...~ da grZeldeba saTqmeliT, xolo Semdeg naTqvamis wina nawili icvleba
gamonaTqvamiT `me minda, rom...~ da emateba naTqvam winadadebas. boloSi monawileni
erTmaneTs uziareben STabeWdilebebs, Tu ra xdeba Secvlilad naTqvami winadadebis
Sedegad.
varjiSis arsi imaSia, rom sityvebi `me unda~, `me ar SemiZlia~, `mesaWiroeba~ da
`me meSinia~ uaryofen adamianis pasuxismgeblobas naTqvamze, xolo amisgan
gansxvavebiT `me vamjobineb~, `me ar minda~, `me minda, rom~ gamoxatavs monawileTa
pauxismgeblobas TavianT gamonaTqvamze.

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 cvlis ra enasa da gamonaTqvams, adamiani dgams nabijs pasuxismgeblobis
amaRlebisken.
20. gazviadebiT, qcevis sapirispirod gardaqmna. varjiSis mizania Sinagani
konfliqtebis garkveva, gacnobiereba, moxsna. is warmoadgens jgufur rolur
TamaSs, romelic aaSkaravebs im Sinagan konfliqtebs, romlebic monawileTaTvis
manamde SeumCneveli iyo. aseve emsaxureba cnobierebis gafarTovebas, rac
mniSvnelovan pirovnul moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas ganapirobebs.
procesi moiTxovs 60 wuTs, varjiSis xelmZRvaneli unda flobdes geStalt
Terapevtis Cvevebs.
jgufis wevri Tavad irCevs misTvis arasasurvel qcevas, romelic problemebs
uqmnis. im SemTxvevaSi Tu klienti Tavad ver amCnevs arasasurvel qcevas, xolo
TerapevtisTvis an jgufis wevrebisTvis is TvalSi mosaxvedria, maSin Tavad jgufi
awvdis klients Sesacvlel qcevas. es SeiZleba iyos mosaubrisTvis Tvalis TvalSi
ver gasworeba. mudmivad moridebulad yofna, CurCuliT laparaki, mouTmenloba an
mouridebloba.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac jgufis wevri ver acnobierebs sakuTar konfliqtur
qcevas, mas sTxoven amgvari qcevis gazviadebulad Sesrulebas, rom igi misi
cnobierebisaTvis misawvdomi gaxdes. magaliTad, Tu adamiani mudmivad moridebiT da
bodiSis moxdiT laparakobs, mas sTxoven yoveli winadadebis dasawyisSi
warmoTqvas: `didi bodiSi SewuxebisTvis~... da Semdeg gaagrZelos saTqmeli.
im SemTxvevaSi Tu monawile acnobierebs Tavis konfliqtur qcevas, maSin mas
sTxoven Seasrulos misi sapirispiro qceva. magaliTad, Tu monawile mouridebeli
da uxeSia mas sTxoven yoveli mimarTvisas neba aiRos partniorisgan da rac
SeiZleba Tavaziani iyos. amasTan aucilebelia proceduris Semdeg gancdaTa
dakvirveba im problemaTa warmoCena, romlebic jgufis monawiles aRniSnuli qcevis
Sesrulebisas eqmneba. Tavis mxriv jgufic uziarebs monawiles Tavis dakvirvebebs.
sasurvelia jgufis TiToeulma monawilem gaiTamaSos amgvari qceva da moisminos
ukukavSiri danarCenebisgan.
21. Zveli mitovebuli maRazia. am proceduris mizania adamiani Seexos Tavisi
pirovnebis aspeqtebs, romlebic Cveulebriv cnobierebis miRmaa da mTlianad ar
gacnobierebula. varjiSi warmosaxvisa da intuiciis amoqmedebas moiTxovs. procesi
60 wuTs grZeldeba. geStalt Terapevts moeTxoveba jgufSi muSaobis gamocdileba,
radgan procesi emociebiTaa datvirTuli.
monawile jdeba an wveba. modundiT da relaqsirdiT. daxuWeT Tvalebi. oTaxSi
sasurvelia ar iyos kaSkaSa ganaTeba. warmoidgineT rom miuyvebiT qalaqis erT-erT
quCas, gvianaa da bnela. warmoidgineT Tu ras xedavT da ra gesmiT. amCnevT viwro
quCas, romliskenac gadauxvevT. am quCaze miadgebiT Zvel mitovebul maRazias,
romlis arcTu kargad gamWvirvale fanjrebSi Tu SeixedavT dainaxavT uamrav Zvel
sagans. Tqven kargad akvirdebiT am sagnebs, Semdeg ukan qalaqSi brundebiT.
monawiles moeTxoveba aRweros erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sagani, romelic maRaziaSi
aRmoaCina. amis mere warmoidgineT, rom Tavad xarT es sagani da mohyeviT pirvel
pirSi am sagnis anu Tqveni istoria, saidan xarT, sad yofilxarT da rogor

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moxvdiT maRaziaSi. amasTan ras grZnobT? ratom moxvdiT aq? vin mogitanaT? ras
warmoadgens Tqveni arseboba am sagnis saxiT? amis Semdeg kvlav sakuTari Tavi
gaxdiT da am poziciidan SexedeT sagans. Seicvala raime Tu ara? raime axali Cans
Tu ara masSi? gindaT raime uTxraT? urCioT?
arsebobs am savarjiSos mravali varianti. magaliTad, Tqven seirnobT Zvel did
sasaxleSi, xolo rodesac mas tovebT Tan migaqvT raime mniSvnelovani sagani,
romelic amis Semdeg Tqven pirvel pirSi unda gaaxmovanoT. an kidev mogzaurobT
did yvavilovan baRSi, romlidanac irCevT erT-erT yvavils da mas ganaxmovanebT,
Tu rogor ganicdiT mzes, mTvares, gverdze myof macxovreblebs, wvimas, qars da a.
S. am proceduris dros monawile arCeul saganze sakuTari pirovnebis proecirebas
axdens, rac sakuTari pirovnebis gamoxatvis efeqturi formaa. amas Tan axlavs
sakuTari konfliqtebisa da problemebis warmoCena.
sasurvelia jgufis TiToeulma wevrma mTlianad gamoxatos sakuTari emociebi.
rac ar unda dawvrilebiT iyos aRwerili Cvens mier moyvanili geStalt
procedurebi, maTi avtomaturad Sesruleba Terapevtis pirovnebisa da jgufis
specifikis gaTvaliswineblad araa mizanSewonili.
Tavad geStalt procedura mebaRis niCabs, an qirurgis instruments SeiZleba
SevadaroT, romelsac imis keTeba ekisreba, rasac mebaRe, an qirurgi moiazrebs.
amasTan ZiriTad mimarTulebas swored klienti da jgufi iZleva.
am wignSi, didi adgili eTmoba kontaqtis fenomens. rodesac klientsa da jgufs
Soris kontaqti myardeba is TiToeul adamianSi Rrma da unikalur gancdebs badebs.
es STabeWdilebebi zogjer imdenad didia, rom mTeli sicocxlis manZilze
SeiZleba gahgyves. amgvari gamocdileba, romelic Rrmad subieqturi da pirovnulia
qmnis adamianis ganviTarebisa da zrdis safuZvels. es is `agurebia~, romlisganac
Sendeba pirovnebis `Senoba~. moyvanili geStalt procedurebi zegavlenis mqone
efeqturi Terapiuli saSualebebia.

jgufuri geStalt Terapiuli procesi

(pirovnebis integracia)

fsiqoTerapevti (jgufis wevrebs): TiToeulma TqvenTaganma, rogorc klientma,

SegiZliaT momawodoT problema, romelic amJamad gawuxebT; gindaT misi
gadaWra, daZleva. SeecadeT problemis verbalurad gadmocemas.
warmogidgenT geStalt Terapiul process, romel­sac davarqmevT pirovnebis
gaxleCil nawilTa integracia-gamTlianebas. es procesi gulisxmobs klientis
pirovnebis re-integracias. es teqnikurad Sesasruleblad rTuli procesia _

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 Terapevtis mxridan moiTxovs geStalt Terapiis meTodis sruli arsenalis
gamoyenebas. mokled CamovTvli ZiriTad procedurebs:
Terapevti klients unda daexmaros gaxleCil-danawevrebuli pirovnebis
Sinaganad Tavsebad erT mTlianobad Camoyalibeba-gadastruqturirebaSi;
aucilebelia, Terapevtma klienti TiToeuli Tavisi nawilis warmoCenisas
alaparakos pirvel pirsa (“me”) da mxolod awmyo droSi;
Terapevti unda daexmaros klients naTlad gamoxatos Tavisi problema.
misi Careva-intervencia saWiro kiTxvebis dasmiT unda ganxorcieldes. amas
geStalt TerapiaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba.
rodesac klienti Tavis problemas gadmogvcems, Terapevti mas exmareba am
problemasTan kavSirSi myofi ori dapirispirebuli mxaris naTlad gamoxatvaSi.
amasTan sasurvelia, rom TiToeuli mxaris pozicia gamoiTqvas rig-rigobiT, or
urTierTsapirispirod mdgar skamze jdomisas. Terapevtis daxmarebiT mxareebi
erTmaneTTan dialogSi unda Sevidnen; Tavidan gamoTqvan problemasTan
dakavSirebuli sakuTari gansxvavebuli azrebi; maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli
emociiT daupirispirdnen da wauyenon urTierTs pretenziebi. amis Semdeg iwyeba
kompromisisa da Serigebis etapi: mxareebma unda gamoTqvan is, rac moswonT da
afaseben erTmaneTSi. miscen rCevebi da aRmouCinon urTierTdaxmareba. Semdgom
aucilebelia, rom Terapevtma TiToeul mxares naTlad gamoaxatinos gancdebi
da emociebi, romelic sxeulis pozasa da mimikaSi aris asaxuli. anu, Terapevtma
klientis yuradReba unda miapyros sxeulis im nawilebze, romlis SegrZnebebi
Cveulebriv ver cnobierdeba. magaliTad, kunTebis daWimuloba-moduneba, rac
mniSvnelovan informacias awvdis adamians sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb. Terapevtma
orive mxaris kompromisze wasvlis Semdeg, TiToeuls unda gamoaxatinos
urTierTdaxmarebis Sesaxeb dapirebebi. bolos, seansi mTavrdeba ori
urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mdgomi skamis erTmaneTTan midgmiT, gaerTianebiT,
romelzedac jdeba klienti da warmosaxvaSi ganicdis im nawilebs, axla da aq,
romlebic manamde iqna gansaxierebuli. ai, esaa Cveni amocana. Tu amas
SevasrulebT erTi seansis msvlelobaSi, es Zalian nayofieri iqneba.
axla, modiT davsxdeT wreSi, raTa yoveli Cvengani grZnobdes erTmaneTis aq
da amJamad yofnas.
nino gamoTqvams survils, iyos geStalt Terapevtis klienti.
nino _ (mcire pauzis Semdeg). problema... ici rogori var? zedmetad emociuri, rac
xels miSlis vicxovro yoveli mocemuli dRiT. rasac ganvicdi, ar minda, rom
ganvicdide. rasac ganvicdi, ar minda, rom maxsendebodes, mesizmrebodes.
Terapevti _ aha;
nino _ saerTod, iseTi var, rom rodesac momwons adamiani, masTan urTierToba da
vgrZnob, rom es urTierToba ar aris iseTi, rogoric minda, rom davinaxo... ar
minda viyo aseTi, rogoric var _ zedmetad emociuri.
Terapevti _ ra ar mogwons?
nino _ udardeli minda, rom viyo. anu, rom Sexedav da daiviwyeb; aRar maxsovdes
maTi Sewuxebuli saxe, ganvitvirTo; vicxovro axlandeli dRiT.

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Terapevti (jgufs) _ kidev ufro kargad gaverkveT, Tu raSia problema. zedmetad
emociuri, varo _ase gansazRvra problema, magram kargad unda gavigoT, Tu ra
xdeba am dros? Relavs nino, ganicdis raimes, diskomfortSia? aris nino amis
sapirispiro mdgomareobaSi? davexmaroT ninos, rom kargad gamohyos ori mxare:
erTi mxare aRelvebuli, daZabuli diskomfortSi myofi, da meore _ udardeli
nino. SevamowmoT asea, Tu ara? gavmarToT dialogi ori ukiduresi mdgomareobis
gamomxatvel ninoebs Soris.
nino _ var xolme udardeli, magram iSviaTad.
Terapevti _ gadavideT dialogze: axla da aq, am skamze, pirvel pirSi gamoxate
nino, romelic aRelvebulia da diskomfortis mdgomareobaSi, xolo meore
skamze _ udardeli, yoveldRiurobiT mcxovrebi, romelsac ar anaRvlebs bevri
ram. modi gadavideT dialogis procesze.
Terapevti _ daiwye nino, ase: me var aRelvebuli nino... gaagrZele...
nino _ me var aRelvebuli nino (swrafad ambobs da pauzas akeTebs). guli
miCqardeba xolme (Sesworeba Seaqvs), guli maqvs aCqarebuli.
Terapevti _ aha;
nino _ vcdilob Tvalis aridebas, ganridebas, yuradRebis gadatanas sxva rameze.
mometebul sisustes vgrZnob. xandaxan Tavis tkivilic maqvs xolme.
Terapevti _ gaqvs xolme?
nino _ vcdilob Tvalis aridebas, yuradRebis gadatanas.
Terapevti _ ram SeiZleba gamoiwvios es emocia?
nino _ gaxsenebam.
Terapevti _ ris?
nino _ ris gaxsenebam? (fiqrobs)
Terapevti _ gaixsene.
nino _ konkretulad, situacia gavixseno? vmegobrob, daaxloebiT erTi welia da
skolis damTavrebis Semdeg, TiTqmis civdeba es urTierToba.
Terapevti _ Sen ras ganicdi am dros?
nino _ guli mtkiva, ver vxvdebi, es ram SeiZleba gamoiwvios. Cems TavSi veZeb,
raime xom ar vawyenine? magram mizezs ver vxvdebi, ver poulob. imitom, rom
patara wyenac ar yofila da gaugebrobac (xelebi gadajaWvuli aqvs da
awvalebs).
Terapevti _ modi, axla miTxari Sens amJamindel SegrZnebebsa da gancdebze.
nino – sicives vgrZnob mklavebSi, mTlianad xelebSi.
Terapevti _ ras grZnob?
nino – sicives.
Terapevti _ kidev?
nino _ dabuJebas vgrZnob fexebSi.
Terapevti _ ufro zustad?
nino _ muxlis qvemoT (pozas icvlis, fexs fexze gadaidebs). kidev, TiTqos guli
maqvs damZimebuli. tkvili, Cxvleta araa, magram gamizezebuli maqvs da
damZimebuli.

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Terapevti _ aba daakvirdi, ganicade gulis damZimeba, SeigrZeni ra xdeba da
miTxari.
nino _ ra vici, gulis wina mxare maqvs damZimebuli da sruli sicariele TavSi.
Terapevti _ sicarielea TavSi? rogor ganicdeba es sicariele?
nino – (fiqrobs) tkivili iwyeba.
Terapevti _ aaa?! ra SegrZnebebi gaqvs kiserSi, mkerdSi, tanSi?
nino _ ara, SegrZneba ufro am nawilSia, TavSi.
Terapevti _ ras ganicdi sxeulSi?
nino – sxeulSi sisustes vgrZnob.
Terapevti _ madlob, kargad gadmoscem imas, rasac SeigrZnob. modi axla
gadmobrZandi meore skamze da gaxdi `udardeli~ nino.
nino _ me var udardeli nino. araferi maxsovs cudi. yvelaferi miyvars. miyvars
es mze, sicocxle...
Terapevti _ rogor gamoiyurebi? aRwere Seni Tavi. me var da ... gaagrZele, aRwere.
nino _ ar vici, Tvalebi mibrwyinavs.
Terapevti _ aha, Tvalebi gibrwyinavs...
nino _ da Cems dadebiT energias sxvasac gadavcem.
Terapevti _ sad aris es energia?
nino _ (xels idebs mkerdze) CemSi.
Terapevti – daazuste, sad ganicdi energias, mkerdSi?
nino _ (mkerdze idebs xels) aqaa.
Terapevti _ dadebiTi energia mkerdSia. amis gadacemas axden sxvebze?
nino _ Tavis daqneviT adasturebs.
Terapevti _ kidev ras ganicdi?
nino _ karg xasiaTze var. ki, ki, minda, rom yvela karg xasiaTze iyos. kidev minda
xolme simRera.
Terapevti _ simReris xasiaTze xar?
nino _ ki, ki! Tavs kargad vgrZnob da maqsimalurad minda vecado, rom sxvebic
davayeno karg xasiaTze. memRereba, meRiRineba.
Terapevti _ afrqvev am emociebs?
nino _ aha!
Terapevti _ Zalian kargi, daakvirdi Sens sxeuls. ras ganicdi aseT
mdgomareobaSi?
nino _ simsubuqes vgrZnob.
Terapevti _ aha;
nino – civi maqvs xelebi da fexebi, yvelaferi kargadaa.
Terapevti _ ra azrebi mogdis TavSi?
nino _ minda, rom gadavxte. ra hqvia imas?...
Terapevti _ planeri?
nino – ho, gadavfrinde mTidan.

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Terapevti _ Zalian kargi. axla Sexede Sens win mjdom ninos, romelic daZabulia,
diskomfortSia, da uTxari, ra ar mogwons masSi? gaakritike, misi minusebi
aRniSne, rac Cans Seni poziciidan. pirvel pirSi da axlandel droSi.
nino – Sen xar Zalian daZabuli, mTlianad SegiZlia moixsna daZabuloba.
Terapevti _ nu gadadixar pirdapir rCevebze, aramed jer uTxari rogoria, rogor
gamoiyureba. Sen xar daZabuli. yvelaferi gulTan migaqvs. ganicdi yvelafers.
imdenad ganicdi, rom tkivilamdec SeiZleba avides.
Terapevti _ aha, ra ar mogwons masSi?
nino _ ra ar momwons masSi? ar momwons es emociuroba, unda ecado
yvelaferi dainaxo kargi. rac ar mogwons, iqneb rogorme gamoasworo.
Terapevti _ rogor?
nino _ amas vetyvi, magram...
Terapevti _ jer daukonkrete ra ar mogwons da Semdeg uTxari, Tu rogor
gamoasworos.
nino _ ar momwons, rom aRelvebuli xar, daZabuli xar, emociuri xar, zedmetad
ganicdi _ rac me da garSemomyofebs gvexeba. iTrgunebi, mTlianad iTrgunebi;
pesimisturi xar; uimedod xar; xandaxan erTi ukiduresobidan meoreSi advilad
vardebi; meocnebe xar; Zalian optomisti xar, magram roca xvdebi realobas,
roca sinamdviles ejaxebi, ase vTqvaT, xdeba ocnebebidan Camovardna. erTi
ukiduresobidan meoreSi vardebi.
Terapevti _ ra mosdis?
nino _ pesimizmSi vardeba.
Terapevti _ rogor gamoiyurebi am dros?
nino _ Zalian uxalisod gamoviyurebi. SeiZleba saerTod aravis danaxva ar
mindodes.
Terapevti – Caiketebi?
nino – viketebi Cems TavSi.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ am dros TerapevtisTvis aucilebelia Caixedos sakuTar
TavSi. mosmenilidan gamomdinare, sakuTar Tavs dausvas kiTxva da mixvdes, ra
xdeba am dros ninoSi? rodesac ar moswons komfortSi myof ninos
diskomfortSi myofi nino, romelic Tavis TavSi Caketilia, Terapevtma unda
SeigrZnos es mdgomareoba. Tu amas gaakeTebs ufro Rrmad Cawvdeba klients,
vidre _ amis gareSe. anu, saWiroa klientis im mdgomareobaSi Sesvla, SeRweva,
romelSic is imyofeba da am yovelives axla da amJamad gacocxleba. am
mdgomareobaSi SesvlaSi fsiqoTerapevts Tavad klienti exmareba Tavisi ori
rolis CvenebiT. Terapevtma unda moaxerxos orive rolisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
azrebisa da gancdebis wvdoma. axla yuradReba minda gavamaxvilo Terapevtze,
Tu rogor unda iqceodes igi. misi rCeva ar unda iyos formaluri, sqematuri,
usafuZvlo. Tavad klienti unda momwifdes sasurveli qcevisTvis. aris
SemTxvevebi, rodesac adamians urCeven formalurad sqematurad, `garedan~, da
ara masTan myofis mdgomareobidan gamomdinare. aseTi rCeva araefeqturia.

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Terapevti _ komfortulad myofi udareli nino ras ganicdi? ras urCev
diskomfortSi myof ninos?
nino _ me Sen TanagigrZnob. ar minda, rom aseTs hgavde. is rom emociuri
TanagrZnoba gaqvs kargia, magram normis farglebSi.
Terapevti _ emociuroba TanagrZnoba kargia, magram ratom aris zedmetad emociuri?
modi es gavarkvioT.
nino _ ar vici.
Terapevti _ ese igi, verafers urCev, amitom modi gadmojeqi da gaxdi daZabuli,
zedmetad emociuri nino. da Seecade gaigo ratom aris aseTi. anu gadmojeqi da
am rolidan Sexede da Seecade gaigo, is rac ucnobia, ar Cans komfortSi myofi
ninosTvis, raTa SemdgomSi Tavad SeZlos am mdgomareobidan gamosvla. TviTon
aRmoaCinos da Cven davinaxoT. daiwye ase: me var daZabuli, emociebiT Zalian
gadatvirTuli nino.
nino _ me var zedmetad daZabuli nino. mimaCnia _ es imiTaa gamowveuli, rom
zedmetad optimisti var, meocnebe var. xandaxan miWirs realobaSi dabruneba,
Tumca yovelTvis ara.
Terapevti _ ocneba sxvaa, realoba sxva. iwyeb ocnebiT da enarcxebi realobaSi?
rogor ganicdi yovelive amas? zedmetad aRelvebuli xar? zedmetad emociuri?
Terapevti (auditorias) _ aucilebelia Terapevtma Tavis pirovnebaSi gaataros is
informacia, romelic ninosgan modis da maSin gamoCndeba `gvirabSi sinaTle~,
anu gaCndeba misi problemis wvdoma, romelic axla me maqvs.
Terapevti (ninos) _ daiwye ase: me ocnebis TvaliT vuyureb realobas...
nino _ me ocnebis TvaliT vuyureb realobas. viwyeb ocnebiT da venarcxebi
realobaSi.
Terapevti _ mniSvnelovania am informaciis gadamuSaveba. problemis wvdomasTan
erTad maqvs misi gagebis gancda. axdens ra Tavisi gancdebis verbalizacias,
nino miadvilebs davinaxo problema misi TvaliT. CemTvis gasagebi gaxda, rom
ninos zedmeti emociuroba gapirobebulia imiT, rom realobas uyurebs ocnebis
TvaliT; Sedegad saxezea misi problema. vfiqrob ra ninos problemaze, vici,
rom realobisTvis Tvalis gasworeba sagnebisa da movlenebisTvis realuri
saxelis darqmeva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac aseTi realoba ar gsiamovnebs,
adamianisgan vaJkacobas moiTxovs. axla me vcdilob davinaxo ninos problema
miseuli gancdiT da azrovnebiT, fokusSi movaqcio is rac aRmosaCenia,
SesaZloa gamosasworebelia misTvis.
nino _ me ocnebis TvaliT vuyureb realobas. mgonia rom yvela adamiani
uproblemoa. mgonia, rom yvelaSi TanagrZnobisa da daxmarebis survilia.
Terapevti _ mgonia ras niSnavs? ginda, rom adamianebi aseTebi iyvnen, Tu
sinamdvileSi aseTi arian?
Terapevti (auditorias) _ axla, Tu SeamCnieT, Tu rogor SeiSmuSna nino, rac imas
niSnavs, rom ar unda miiRos aseTi realoba.
nino _ adamianebi realurad aseTni ar arian.

95
Terapevti (auditorias) _ me ninos mimarT axla TanagrZnobas gamovxatav, rodesac
is adamianebs iRebs iseTad, rogoric isini arian da ara iseTad, rogoric _
unda rom iyvnen.
nino (RimiliT) _ adamianebi realurad sulac ar arian aseTni. realobaSi, sakmaod
civ urTierTobebs aqvs adgili da ara marto Cems mimarT.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ am dros, mosmenili sakuTar TavSi unda gavataro. ra
momiva, rodesac mimaCnia, rom adamianebi sikeTiTa da siyvaruliT arian aRvsilni
da davinaxav, rom isini erTmaneTis mimarT gulgrilebi da civebi arian. maSin
fexqveS miwa gamomecleba, rac ninos emarTeba. ra gamova Sedegad? – avReldebi,
diskomfortSi aRmovCndebi, emociurad daviZabebi, radgan erTs eli da
sawinaaRmdego xdeba; xolo rodesac molodini gaqvs rac unda moxdes, maSin ar
iZabebi, ar vardebi moulodnel viTarebaSi. Cven unda warmovidginoT Tavi ninos
adgilas da maSin gamoCndeba sinaTle gvirabSi, anu problemis gageba.
Terapevti (ninos) _ axla Seicvale skami da meocnebe, udardeli ninosgan gadadi
realobis damnaxav ninoze. SemoviyvanoT aseTi nino da davexmaroT dainaxos misi
garemo. daiwye ase: `me var realobis damnaxavi, SemgrZnobi da ganmcdeli nino... `
nino _ (usiamovnod iSmuSneba). me var realobis SemgZnobi nino.
Terapevti _ miTxari rogori xar?
nino _ rogori var? azriani da mxiaruli.
Terapevti _ ras niSnavs azriani?
nino _ es imas niSnavs, rom me ar miWirs realobis danaxva. ar valamazeb da
vaadvileb realobas ise, rogorc minda, rom is gamoiyenebodes.
Terapevti _ Sens winaa meocnebe, udardeli nino. mimarTe mas...
nino _ Sen xar udardeli, meocnebe nino. giyvars yvela da yvelaferi rac garSemoa.
Terapevti _ uTxari realobis Sesaxeb gulubryvilo, meocnebe ninos.
nino _ realoba ar aris iseTi, rogoric Sen warmogidgenia.
Terapevti (ninos) _ realobis xsenebaze, Sen SeiSmuSne da usiamovnod gagaJrJola.
mniSvnelovania ganicado es SegrZneba. ar gaeqce mas. darCe, aitano es realuri
gancdebi. ar gaiqce im ararealur, warmosaxul samyaroSi, romelic Sens mier
aris Seqmnili. Tu Sexval im samyaroSi, Semdeg, realobis danaxvisas daiZabebi,
aReldebi, daenarcxebi. amitom axla unda gamoiCino vaJkacoba ar gaeqce
realobas, aitano da miiRo is. ar unda gaeqce diskomforts, romelic
Jruantelis saxiT SeigrZnoba. am dros Sen Cveulebriv icvli xolme sxeulis
pozas da gaqcevas axden. axla es aRar unda gaakeTo. ganicade realoba, aitane,
Sexede TvalebSi, iseTi rogorc ar akeTebs meocnebe nino; romelic garbis
warmosaxul, iluzorul samyaroSi da es hgonia gamosavali.
nino - me var realobis damnaxavi nino. Sen realobasTan Sejaxebisas yovelTvis
ukiduresobaSi vardebi...
Terapevti _ nu gadaylapav saTqmels. Jruantels, anu realobas, romelic givlis.
uTxari meocnebe ninos amis Sesaxeb. Cven xSirad swrafad vylapavT mware gemos
mqones, rom gaveqceT im usiamovno SegrZnebebs, romelic gviCndeba, magram axla
nu gaakeTeb amas, aramed vaJkacurad aitane!

96
... dainaxe ra gaakeTe axla? Tvalebi daxuWe da skamze ukan gadaiwie, anu kvlav
realobisgan gaqceva ganaxorciele meocnebe ninosaviT, romelic an Tvalebs
xuWavs da an ocnebaSi mirbis da amiT gaurbis realobas.
nino - realoba miiRe iseTi, rogoric aris xolme, Sen ki ar ginda dainaxo. cdilob
Tvali aarido da amiT ginda, rom gamoasworo.
Terapevti _ anu, roca sakuTari Zalis ar gjera, rom SegiZlia realobis
gamosworeba, maSin mimarTav gaqcevas. axla me da jgufi Sens mxaresa varT.
gamoiCine sakuTari Tavis rwmena da saWiro vaJkacoba, rom gauZlo realobis
danaxvas da amiT Secvalo kidec igi. ukuagdo samyaros `galamazebis~ taqtika.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ me axla bevri ram gavarkvie da gavige, magram minda
davinaxo ra gaigo da gaarkvia ninom? rogor Cans problema misi SegrZnebebiTa
da azrovnebiT? ai es nisli unda gaifantos da gairkves.
Terapevti (ninos) _ urCie meocnebe ninos... rom es problema moixsnas.
nino _ iswavle realobis danaxva, Tvalis gasworeba, problemis gadaWra. realurad
Seafase is, rac arsebobs.
Terapevti - ratom ar akeTebs amas meocnebe nino? da rom gaakeTos ra siZneles
waawydeba?
nino _ imitom ar akeTebs, rom samyaroSi, romelic idealurad Cans ufro kargad
grZnobs Tavs, magram Tu ki uars ityvis masze da dainaxavs realobas, maSin aRar
eqneba imedgacruebuli grZnobebi da gancdebi.
Terapevti - aha?! warmosaxul realobas am etapze, nino jer kidev komfortulad
moixseniebs. misTvis realobidan gaqceva sisusted ar aris gagebuli da
`monaTluli~, arada CvenTvis es ukve asea, magram mniSvnelovania, Tu nino
rogor ganicdis amas. fantaziaSi cxovreba sisuste da Tavis motyuebaa.
fsiqotiki Tavis samyaros qmnis da iq garbis. ninosTan mTlad ase araa, magram
misi Seqmnili samyaroc lamazadaa saxeldarqmeuli da amaSia misi satyuari.
Terapevti (ninos) _ kvlav mimarTe meocnebe ninos.
nino - Sen xar meocnebe nino... magram me momwons meocnebe nino.
Terapevti - ratom mogwons?
nino _ (ecineba masac da jgufsac). imiT, rom lamazia.
Terapevti _ magram realoba, rom Camorecxavs xolme am silamazes, rogorc
holivudis ocnebebs, maSin ra xdeba?
nino - maSin (fiqrobs) ... aRar momwons.
Terapevti _ merilin monroc bevrs iRimeboda da cdilobda ecxovra warmosaxul
samyaroSi, magram bolos Tavi moiwamla.
nino - (mimarTavs meocnebes) imisTvis, rom karg xasiaTze dadge, sruliad ar aris
saWiro realobis Selamazeba. Tu realobas iseTad dainaxav, rogoric aris,
maSin ufro gagiadvildeba cxovreba.
Terapevti _ aris xidi, romelic saSualebas miscems meocnebe ninos daanaxos
realoba iseTi, rogoric aris da gadaiyvanos masSi? Tu am xidsac uCveneb, maSin
meocnebe nino dageTanxmeba da Secvlis Tavis qcevis taqtikas.
nino _ sityvebiT Tqma miWirs.

97
Terapevti _ Tu sityvebiT ver gadascem, maSin meocnebe ver gaigebs... amitom
mniSvnelovania sityvebiT amis Tqma. maSin gadavideT sxeulis enaze.
Terapevti (auditorias) _ xedavT, ra xdeba ninos xelis TiTebSi? erTi xeli Cqmets,
Cqmets meore xels.
nino _ marTla? me ver vamCnev!
Terapevti _ naxe, marjvena xelis TiTebiT bwken marcxena xelis TiTebs. ras akeTeb?
nino _ ar vici...
Terapevti (iRimeba) ar mjera am sityvebis. me vici rasac akeTeb. axla
mniSvnelovania Senc gaacnobiero ras akeTeb Seni TiTebiT.
nino _ ar vici ras vakeTeb, aseTi Cveva maqvs.
Terapevti _ Sen, rogorc realobas gaurbixar, aseve sxeulis SegrZnebebsac
gaurbixar. ara da, Seni sxeuli mniSvnelovan rames gamcnobs, Tu `mousmen,
gaaxmovaneb~ mas. ras akeTeb TiTebiT?
nino _ ar vici.
Terapevti _ gaagrZele rasac akeTebdi.
nino _ aRar maxsovs ras vakeTebdi.
Terapevti _ ai ras akeTeb (aCvenebs)... marjvena xelis frCxilebiT Cxvlet, tkivils
ayeneb marjvena xelis TiTebs. gaakeTe da ganicade.
nino _ ver vgrZnob tkivils.
Terapevti _ magram Tavidan Sen imasac ver acnobierebdi, rom TiTebiT raRacas
akeTebdi; tkendi.
nino - ver vgrZnob tkivils.
Terapevti _ es ici ras hgavs? vinme, rom gelaparakebodes Cqmetis msgavsad. Sen ki
ar uyurebde da mis ignorirebas axdende. ai, ras akeTeb, rodesac ver grZnob
frCxilis fxaWnas da Cqmetas. ar usmen Sens sxeulis enas. is ki cdilobs, rom
raRac mniSvnelovani giTxras. raRacas gTxovs, Seecade gaaxmovano.
nino - es (marjvena) ufro realobas hgavs, romelic meubneba daminaxeo.
Terapevti _ ras akeTebs meore xeli.
nino _ is ise iqceva, TiTqos ar esmis, ar unda, rom dainaxos.
Terapebvti _ TviTon SegrZnebas daakvirdi, rogoria?
nino _ cota tkivilis SegrZnebaa, gamofxizlebis.
Terapevti _ orive xeli raRacas ganicdis. amaze _ TiTebze aTasi gverdi `omi da
mSvidobis~ xela nawarmoebis dawera SeiZleba, Tu maT SeigrZob. amasTan
TiToeuli adamiani individualurad, gansxvavebulad ganicdis, aRiqvams
gancdebs.
nino _ romeli TiTic Cxvlets buJdeba.
Terapevti _ is gebrZvis, unda Senamde moitanos saTqmeli. daZabulobisgan buJdeba
da Sen axla es ici., aqamde ar icodi. Seicvale adgili da gaxdi kvlav meocnebe
nino.
nino _ mesmis Seni, gavige Seni rCeva da miuxedavad imisa, rom Znel, xSirad
usiamovno procesTanaa dakavSirebuli, minda gaviTvaliswino. aqamde arc

98
 gismendi da arc mindoda momesmina, axla vxvdebi, rom CemTvis mniSvnelovania
Seni rCevebi. udaod mexmarebi. minda gamoviyeno Seni azrebi, Zala da energia.
Terapevti _ Zalian kargi.
nino _ aRar gaviqcevi ocnebaSi. axla viReb realobas, radgan vgrZnob Sens
mxardaWeras da es Tanadgoma CemTvis mravalmxriv Zvirfasi da mniSvnelovania.
Terapevti _ madloba gadauxade mas.
nino _ madlob, awi erTad varT da viqnebiT Sen da me _ Cven, Cveni
gancdebiT da azrebiT.
Terapevti _ (dgams or skams mityupebiT da mimarTavs ninos) axla dajeqi orive
skamze erTdroulad, romlebzec TanmimdevrobiT ijeqi da ganicade es orive
nawili SenSi gaerTianebulad, axal mTlianobad. rodesac amas ganicdi da
ganaxorcieleb miTxari.
nino _ jdeba or skamze erTdroulad da koncentrirdeba Tavis gancdebze.
bolos kmayofili saxiT madlobas ixdis da dgeba.
Terapevti _ Zalian kargi, madloba ninos da jgufs procesSi CarTulobasa da
empaTiisaTvis, romelsac me intensiurad vgrZnobdi. imedia nino aq momxdars,
rogorc gamocdilebas gaitans Tavis cxovrebaSi, rac daexmareba mas im
problemebis danaxvasa da gadawyvetaSi, romlebic mas Sexvdeba.
nino _ kmayofili iRimeba da Tanxmobas Tavis daqneviT adasturebs.
Terapevti (jgufs) _ Tu fsiqoTerapevti swori mimarTulebiT midis, maSin klientma
ra problemisa Tu situaciis moyolidanac ar unda daiwyos, mainc misTvis
mTavar mniSvnelovan problemamde miva; rasac adgili hqonda ninos SemTxvevaSi.
Terapevti (ninos) _ nino, rogori iyo SenTvis Terapiis procesi? axla rogor
uyureb sakuTar problemas?
nino _ rTuli iyo im mxriv, rom marTlac aq da amJamad ganvicdidi imas, rac Cemi
aqtualuri problemaa. daZabuli ninos roli, CemTvis ufro rTuli iyo, vidre
meocnebe ninosi. me vfiqrob mivageniT imas, rac iwvevda yvelafers, anu
problemas. sxvadasxva skamze, rom vijeqi vgrZnobdi, Tu ra Widili midioda
erTmaneTSi. axla sakmaod myarad vgrZnob kontaqts realobasTan.
Terapevti _ axla rogor ganicdi problemas? amas imitom gekiTxebi, rom fantaziaSi
gaqceva, SenTvis gaqcevad da sisusted ki ar ganixileboda, aramed komfortul
sasiamovno mdgomareobad. ra Tqma unda, garkveuli drois monakveTamde. axla
rogoria problemis xedva?
nino _ realobasTan kontaqtSi var. axla es yvelaferi mkmayofilebs da
msiamovnebs da yovelTvis vecdebi, rom ar gadavvarde, ar gaviqce iluzorul
optimizmSi.
Terapevti _ paradoqsia, magram xSirad optimistebi midian avadmyofobis mZime
Sedegamde, xolo pesimistebi ar avadmyofdebian. ratom? imis gamo, rom
optimisti fiqrobs: ` me rac ar unda moxdes, mainc kargad viqnebi, amitom
Zalisxmevas ar mimarTavs, magaliTad ar midis kbilis eqimTan, ar mkurnalobs
kuWs, guls _ imedi aqvs, rom mainc kargad iqneba. amgvari optimizmi realobidan
gaqcevaa, sisustea da Sedegad spobs janmrTelobas. aseTi ramec xdeba, rodesac

99
 optimizmi uaryofiT Sedegebamde mimyvania. pesimisti ki, SeSindeba ra, rom raime
ar daemarTos Zalian kargad mouvlis sakuTar Tavs. gaiTvaliswinebs da miiRebs
realobas. msgavs situaciasTan gvqonda saqme ninos SemTxvevaSi da
mniSvnelovania misi gaTvaliswineba.
Zalian kargi, madloba ninos da jgufs, romelmac Rrma empaTia da
mxardaWera gamoavlina Terapiis procesSi. ninos janmrTelobas, bednierebas da
warmatebas vusurveb cxovrebaSi. madlobT.

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