hPPENDIX 247

ThBLE A. ThBLE OF PROBhBILITIES ASSOCIhTED WITH VhLUES hs EXTREME hs

OBSERVED VALUES OF Z IN THE NORMhL DISTRIBUTION

The body of the table gives one-tailed probabilities under Ho of z. The left-hand
marginalcolumngivesvariousvaluesof z to one decimalplace. The top row gives
various values to the seconddecimal place. Thus, for example, the one-tailed p of
z > .11 or z < .11 is p ~ .4562.

.01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08

.0 . 5000 .4960 .4920 .4880 .4840 .4&01 .4761 .4721 .4681 .4641
.1 . 4602 .4562 .4522 . 4483 . 4443 .4404 .4364 .4325 .4286 .4247
.2 . 4207 .4168 .4129 . 4090 . 4052 .4013 .3974 .3936 .3897 .3859
.3 .3821 .3783 .3745 .3707 .3669 .3632 .3594 .3557 .3520 .3483
4 . 3446 .3409 .3372 .3336 .3300 .3264 .3228 .3192 .3156 .3121

.5 . 3085 .3050 .3015 .2981 .2946 .2912 .2877 .2843 .2810 .2776
.6 .2743 .2709 .2676 .2643 .2611 .2578 .2546 .2514 .2483 .2451
.7 .2420 .2389 .2358 .2327 .2296 .2266 .2236 .2206 .2177 .2148
.8 .2119 .2090 .2061 .2033 .2005 .1977 .1949 .1922 .1894 .1867
.9 .1841 .1814 .1788 .1762 .1736 .1711 .1685 .1660 .1635 .1611

1.0 .1587 .1562 .1539 .1515 .1492 .1469 .1446 . 1423 . 1401 .1379
1.1 .1357 .1335 .1314 .1292 .1271 .1251 .1230 .1210 .1190 .1170
1.2 .1151 .1131 .1112 .1093 .1075 .1056 .1038 .1020 .1003 .0985
1.3 .0968 .0951 .0934 .0918 .0901 .0885 .0869 .0853 .0838 .0823
1.4 .0&08 .0793 .0778 .0764 .0749 .0735 .0721 .0708 .0694 .0681

1.6 .0668 .0655 .0643 . 0630 . 0618 .0606 .0594 .0582 .0571
1.6 .0548 .0537 .0526 .0516 .0505 .0495 .0486 .0475 .0465
1.7 .0446 .0436 .0427 .0418 .0409 .0401 .0392 .0384 .0375 . 0367
1.8 .0359 .0351 .0344 .0336 .0329 .0322 .0314 .0307 .0301 . 0294
1.9 .0287 .0281 .0274 .0268 .0262 .0256 .0250 0244 0239

2.0 .0228 .0222 .0217 . 0212 .0207 .0202 .0197 .0192 .0188 . 0183
2.1 .0179 .0174 .0170 .0166 .0162 .0158 .0154 .0150 .0146 .0143
2.2 .0139 .0136 .0132 .0129 .0125 .0122 .0119 .0116 .0113 .0110
2.3 .0107 .0104 .0102 .0099 .0096 .0094 .0091 .0089 .0087 .0084
2.4 .0082 .0080 .0078 .0075 .0073 .0071 .0069 .0068 .0066 .0064

2.6 . 0062 .0060 .0059 .0057 .0055 .0054 .0052 .0051 .0049 .0048
2.6 .0047 .0045 .0044 .0043 .0041 .0040 .0039 .0038 .0037 .0036
2.7 .0035 . 0034 . 0033 .0032 .0031 .0030 .0029 .0028 .0027 .0026
2.8 .0026 .0025 .0024 .0023 .0023 .0022 .0021 .0021 .0020 .0019
2.9 . 0019 .0018 .0018 .0017 .0016 .0016 .0015 .0015 .0014 .0014

3.0 .0013 .0013 .0013 .0012 .0012 .0011 . 0011 . 0011 . 0010 .0010
3.1 . 0010 .0009 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0007 .0007
3.2 . 0007
3.3 .0005
34 . 0003

3.6 . 00023
3.6 . 00016
3.7 . 00011
3.8 . 00007
3.9 . 00005

4.0 .00003
 hPPENDIX

T~m B. Thnus or Cnntchr Vhx.vm:soI te

Level of significancefor one-tailed test

.10 .01
df
Level of significancefor two-tailed test

.10 .01 .001

3.078 6.314 12. 706 31.821 63. 657 636.619

1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31.598
1.6$8 2.$53 3.182 4.641 6.841 12.941
1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610
1.476 2.016 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.859

69
8 7 1. 440
1.416
1.$97
1.383
1.94$
1.895
1.860
1.8$$
2. 447
2.365
2. 306
2.262
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
3.707
3.499
3.366
3.260
5.959
6.405
6.041
4.781
10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.687

11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3. 106 4.437

12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.056 4.318
13 1. 350 1.771 2.160 3.012 4.221
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140
16 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.947 4.073

16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.6N 2. 921 4.016

17 1. 333 1.740 2.110 2.667 2.898
18 1. 330 1.734 2.101 2.662 2.878 3.922
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.639 2.861 3.88$
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.860

1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2. N1 3.819

1.321 1.717 2.074 2.608 2.819 3.792
1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.&07 3.767
1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.746
1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 8.726

1.316 l. 706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.707

1.314 1.70$ 2.062 2.473 2.771 3.690
1.813 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.674
1.311 1.699 2.046 2.462 2.756 3.669
1.310 1.697 2.042 2.467 2.760 3.646

1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2. 704 3. 651

1.296 1. 671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3. 460
1.289 1. 658 1.980 2.358 2. 617 3.373
1.282 1. 646 1.960 2.326 2.676 3.291

~ TableB ia abridged fromTableIII of FisherandYates:Stotieticol

tables
for
biobpicsl,
atIricultural,
andmedical research,published
by Oliverand BoydLtd.,
Edinburgh,by permissionof the authorsand publishers.
 APPENDIX 249

TAELE C. TAELEos' CarnCAL VALUESOy CHI SOUAEEe

ProbabiTityunder Hs that x» ehi square

.99 .98 .00 .&0 .70 .60 .30 .10 .05 .02 .01 .001

. QQQ15 . 00063 .0039 .016 .064 . IS .46 1.07 1. 64 2.TI 3.$4 d.41 6.84 10.83
.02 .04 .10 .21 .45 .71 1.80 2.41 8.22 4.50 6.90 7.82 0.21 13.82
.12 .18 .35 .$8 1.00 1.42 2.3T 3.56 4. 64 6.26 7.82 0.84 11.34 IB.ST
.SO .43 .71 I.OB 1.5S 2.20 3.86 4.$8 6.00 7.78 0.40 11.67 13.28 18.4B
.66 .Td 1.14 1.61 2.34 3.00 4.85 B.oe 7. 20 0.24 11.07 13.39 16.09 20.62

.87 1. 13 1.64 2.20 S.OT 3.83 6.35 7.23 8.66 10.64 12.69 15.03 16.81 22.46
1.24 1.65 2.17 2.83 8.82 4.B7 e.sd s.ss 1. &0 12.02 14.0T 16.B2 18. 48 24. 82
1.65 2.73 3.49 4.60 6.63 7.34 0.52 11. QS 13.36 15.SI 18.1T 20.09 SB. 12
9 2.63 3.32 4.17 6.38 6.39 8.34 IO.BB 12.24 14.68 16.02 10. 21.57 27.88
10 2.68 3.06 S.94 5.18 7.27 0.84 11.78 13.44 15.00 18.31 21. 16 23.21 20.60

11 3.0$ 3.61 4.ds 6.68 6.00 $.15 10.34 12.00 14. Bs 17.28 19.68 22.62 24.7S 31.26
12 3.67 4.18 6.23 6.30 7.81 9.03 11.34 14.01 15.81 1$. 55 21.03 24.05 25.22 32. 01
13 4.11 4.76 6.89 7.04 8.83 9.03 12.34 IS.12 IB.08 10.81 22.36 25.47 27.e0 Sa.ds
14 6.37 6.67 7.79 1.47 10.82 13.34 16.22 18. 1$ 21.05 23.68 26 EST20.14 36. 12
16 6.28 6.9$ 7.25 8.65 10.81 11.72 14.34 IT.SS 19.31 22.31 25.00 SS.SB 30.6 37.70

15 6.81 B.BI 7.05 0.31 11.15 12.62 15.34 18.42 20.45 23.54 Se.so 20.63 82.00 30.20
17 5.41 7.26 s.eT lo.os 12.00 13.63 IB.34 19.51 21.62 24.77 27.60 31.00 83.41 40. T6
18 7.02 7.91 9.39 10.85 12.86 14.44 17.34 20.60 22.7B 25.90 28. 87 32.$6 34. 42.31
10 7.68 8.6T 10.12 11.66 13.72 1$.3$ 1$.34 21.59 2S.OO 27.20 30.14 SS.B9 86.19 43.82
20 8. 26 0.24 10.8S 12.44 14.SS 16.27 IO.S4 22.7 2$.04 28.41 31.41 35.02 37.67 46.82

Sl $.90 9.92 11.69 18.24 16.44 17.18 20.34 26. 17 29.62 32.eT 36.34 ss.Os ae.so
22 0.64 10.60 12.34 14.04 16.81 18.10 21.24 30.81 33.02 37.66 40. 29 48. ST
Ss 10.20 11.29 18.00 14.86 17.19 10.02 28.43 32.01 85.17 38.07 41. 54 40.78
24 10.86 11.09 IS.$6 16.65 18.06 19.94 23.34 27.10 29. 65 S3.2 86.42 40.27 42.08 51.18
SS 11.62 12.70 14.51 IB.4T 18.94 20.87 24.84 28.17 So. 88 84.38 ST.BS 41.67 44. $1 62.62

25 12.20 18.41 16.88 17.20 10.82 21.79 26.34 20.2S sl. &0 35.66 88.88 42.86 46.64 64.05
27 12.88 14.1S 16.16 18.11 20.70 22.72 26.34 S0.32 S2.01 35.74 40. 11 44. Ia 46.08 56.48
28 13.66 14.85 16.93 1$.94 21.60 23.65 27.34 31.30 37.02 41.34 45.42 48.28 66.$9
20 14.25 IS.ST 17.71 19.7T 22.48 24.68 28.34 32.45 35.14 39.00 42.$e 46.69 40.60 68.$0
$0 14.06 15.31 18.40 20.60 Ss.se 25.$1 20.34 33.58 40.28 43.77 4T.QB 60.80 50.70

s Table
C isabridged
fromTableIV of Fisher
andYates:StpHstksf
talesfprhfsfettjcpf,
pttrfsidturpf,
padinsdfspf
research,
published
by OliverandBoydLtd.~ Edinburgh,
by permission
of the authorsand
publishers
 APPENDIX

TABLE D. TABLE OF PROBABILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH VALUES hs SMALL AS

OBSERVED VALUES OF S IN THE BINOMIAL TEST4
Given in the body of this table are one-tailed probabilities under Ho for the binomial
test when P Q $. To save space,decimal points are omitted in the p's.

01 23 45 67 89 10 11 12 13 14 15

56 031
016
188 500
109 344
812
656
969
891 984 f
78 008
004
062
035
227 500
145 363
773
637
938
855
992
965 996
9 002 020 090 254 500 746 910 980 998 f
10 001 011 055 172 377 623 828 945 989 999
11 006 033 113 274 500 726 887 967 994 f f
12 003 019 073 194 387 613 806 927 981 997 f f
13 002 011 046 133 291 500 709 867 954 989 998 f
14 001 006 029 090 212 395 605 788 910 971 994 999 f
15 004 018 059 151 304 500 696 849 941 982 996 f f f,
16 002 011 038 105 227 402 598 773 895 962 989 998 ff
17 001 006 025 166
072 315 500 685 834 928 975 994 999
18 001 004 015 119
048 240 407 593 760 881 952 985 996 999
19 002 010 032 084 180 324 500 676 820 916 968 990 998
20 001 006 021 058 132 252 412 588 748 868 942 979 994
21 001 004 013 039 095 192 332 500 668 808 905 961 987
22 002 026
008 067 143 262 416 584 738 857 933 974
23 001 005 017 047 105 202 339 500 661 798 895 953
24 001 003 011 032 076 154 271 419 581 729 846 924
25 002 007 022 054 115 212 345 500 655 788 SSS

~ Adaptedfrom Table IV, B, of Walker, Helen, and Lev, J. 1953. Statistical

inference. New York: Holt, p. 458, with the kind permissionof the authors and
publisher.
f 1.0 or approximately 1.0.
 APPENDIX

TABLE N. TABLEoF PRQBABILITIE8AssoclhTEDwITH VALUE8h8 LARGEhs OBsERVED

VALUEs oF xpe IN THE FRIEDMAN Two-whY ANALY818 oF VARIANcE BY RANKS+
Table NL k 3

N~6 N~7 N 8 N 9

x.' Xt x.'

1.000 . 000 1. 000 1.000 .000 1.000

.956 . 286 .964 .25 . 967 . 222 .971
1.00 .740 .857 .768 ,75 .794 . 667 .814
1.33 .570 1.143 .620 1.00 .654 . 889 .865
2.38 .430 2.000 .486 1.75 .531 1.556 .569
3.00 .252 2.571 2.25 .355 2.000 .398
4.00 .184 3.429 .237 3.00 .285 2.667 .328
4.33 .142 3.714 .192 3.25 .236 2.889 .278
5.38 .072 4.571 .112 4.00 .149 3.556 .187
6.33 .052 5.429 .085 4.75 .120 4.222 .154
7.00 .029 6.000 .052 5.25 .079 4.667 .107
8.33 .012 7.148 .027 6.25 .047 5.556 .069
9.00 .0081 7.714 .021 6.75 .038 6.000 .057
9.33 .0055 8.000 .016 7.00 .030 6.222 .048
10.33 .0017 8.857 7.75 .018 6.889 .031
12.00 .00013 10.286 .0036 9.00 8.000 .019
10.571 .0027 9.25 .0080 8.222 .016
11.148 .0012 9.75 .0048 8,667 .010
12.286 .00032 10.75 .0024 9.556
14.000 .000021 12.00 .0011 10.667 .0035
12.25 .00086 10.889 .0029
13.00 .00026 11.556 .0018
14.25 . 000061 12.667 .00066
16.00 .0000036 13.556 .00035
14.000 .00020
14.222 .000097
14.889
16.222
18.000

. Adaptedfrom Friedman,M. 1937. The useof ranksto avoidthe assumption

of normalityimplicitin theanalysisof variance. J. Amer.Static.Aee.,$1, 688-689,
with the kindpermission of the authorandthe publisher.
 LPPEND1X 281

ThELE N. ThELE or PEOEhEILITISAssocIhTEDwrrH VhLUEs hs LhEOEhs

QEsERVEDVhLUEs oF xt IN THE FEIEDMhN Two whY ANhLYsIs oP
VhnrhNcE s Y RhNxs' (Conhaued)
Table NII. k ~ 4

N 2 N3 N 4

Xr x.' xe x.'

.0 1. 000 1.000 .0 1.000 5.7 .141

.958 .6 .958 .3 6.0 .105
1.2 ,834 1.0 .910 .6 .928 6.3 .094
1.8 .792 1.8 .727 .9 6.6 .077
2.4 .625 2.2 .608 1.2 B.9
3.0 .542 2.6 .524 1.5 .754 7.2 .054
3.6 .458 3.4 1.8 .677 7.5 .062
4.2 .375 3.8 2.1 .649 7.8 .036
4.8 .208 4.2 .300 2.4 .524 8.1 .033
54 .167 6.0 .207 2.7 8.4 .019
6.0 .042 5.4 .176 3.0 .432 8.7 .014
5.8 .148 3.3 .389 9.3 .012
6.6 .075 3.B .355 9.6 .0069
7.0 .054 3.9 .324 9.9 .0062
7.4 .033 4.5 10.2 .0027
8.2 .017 4.8 10.8 .0016
9.0 .0017 5.1 .190 11.1 .00094
5.4 .158 12.0 .000072

o AdaptedfromFriedman, M. 1937.Theuseof ranksto avoidtheassumption

of normalityimplicitin theanalysis
ofvariance.J. Amer.Stotiet.
Aee.,. 688-B89,
with the kind permissionof the author and the publisher.
 hPPENDIX

TABLE O. TABLE OF PROBABILITIESASSOCIATEDWITH VALUES hs LARGE hs

OBSERVEDVALUES OF H IN THE KRUSKAL-WALLISONE-WAY ANALYSIS
OP VARIANCE BY RANKS

Samplesizes Sample sizes

n< ns ns ns ns ns

21 1 2. 7000 .500 43 2 6.4444 .008

6.3000 .011
22 1 5.4444 .046
5.4000 .051
22 4.5714 .067
4.5111 .098
3.7143 .200
4.4444 .102

31 1 .300
6.7455 .010

32 1 4.2857 . 100 6.7091 .013

3. 8571 .133 5.7909 .046

5.7273 .050
32 2 5.3572 .029 4.7091 .092
4.7143 .048 4.7000 .101
4.5000 .067
4.4643 .105 44 1 6.6667 .010
6.1667
33 1 5. 1429 .043 4.9667 .048
4.5714 .100 4.8667 .054
4.0000 .129 4.1667 .082
4.0667 .102
33 2 6. 2500 ,011
5.3611 .032
44 2 7.0364
5.1389 .061
6.8727 .011
4.5556 .100
5.4545
4.2500 .121
5.2364 .052

33 3 7.2000 .004 4.5545 .098

6. 4889 .011 4.4455 .103

5.6889 .029
44 3 7.1439 .010
5.6000 .050
7.1364 .011
5.0667 .086
5.5985 .049
4.6222 .100
5.5758 .051
41 1 3.5714 4.5455 .099
4.4773 .102
42 1 4.8214 .057
4.5000 .076 44 4 7.6538 .008
4.0179 .114 7.5385 .011
5.6923 .049
42 2 6. 0000 .014
5.6538 .054
5. 3333 .033
4.6539 .097
5. 1250 .052
4.5001 .104
4. 4M3 .100
4.1667 .105 51 1 3. 8571 .143

43 1 5.8333 .021 52 1 5. 2500 .036

5.2083 .050 5.0000 .048
5.0000 .057 4. 4500 .071
4.0556 .093 4. 2000 .095
3.8889 .129 4.0500 .119
 hPPENDIX 283

TABLE O. TABLE oE PRQBABILITIEsAssocIATED wITH VALUEs hs LARGE hs

OBsERvEDVALUEs oF H IN THE KRUsKAL-WALLIs ONE whT ANALTsrs
oF VARIANcEBT RANK8 (Contznlb')

Sample sizes Sample sizes

nl ns n3 n' ni ne
52 2 6.5333 ~008 5 ' 6308 ~050
6.1333 ~013 4 ' 5487 ~099
5 ' 1600 ~034 4.5231 ~103
5 ~0400 ~056
7 ' 7604 ~009
4 ' 3733 ~090
4.2933
7 ' 7440 ~011
~122
5 ' 6571 ~049
53 1 ~012 5 ~6176 ~050
4 ~9600 ~048 4 ' 6187 ~100
4 ' 8711 ~052 4.5527 ~102
4.0178 ~095 55 1 7 ' 3091 ~009
3 ' 8400 ~123
6.8364 ~011
5 ' 1273 ~046
53 2 6 ~9091 ~009
4 ' 9091 ~053
6.8218 ~010
4 ' 1091 .086
5.2509 ~049
4.0364 ~105
5 ' 1055 ~052
4 ' 6509 ~091 55 2 7.3385 ~010
4.4945 ~101 7 ' 2692 ~010
5 ' 3385 ~047
63 3 7 ' 0788 ~009
5.2462 F051
6.9818 ~011
4 ' 6231 ~097
5.6485 ~049
4 ' 5077 ~100
5.5152 ~051
4 ' 5333 ~097 55 3 7 ' 5780 ~010
4 ' 4121 ~109 7 ' 5429 ~010
5 ~7055 ~046
64 1 6 ~9545 ~008
5 ' 6264 ~051
6 ' 8400 ~011
4 ' 5451 ~100
4 ' 9855 ~044
4.5363 ~102
4 ' 8600 ~056
3 ' 9873 ~098 7.8229 ~010
3.9600 ~102 7 ' 7914 ~010
5 ~6657 ,049
42 7 ' 2045 ~009 5 ' 6429 ~050
7 ' 1182 ~010 4 ' 5229 ~099
5 ~2727 ~049 4 ' 5200 ~101
5 ' 2682 ~050
4 ' 5409 ~098 55 5 8 ~0000 ~009
4 ' 5182 ~101 7 ~9800 .010
5. 7&00 ~049
43 7 ' 4449 ~010 5 ~6600 ~051
7 ' 3949 ~011 4 ~5600 ~100
5 ' 6564 ~049 4 ~5000 ~102
~ Adaptedandabridgedfrom Kruskal,W. H., and Waiiis,W. A. 1952. Us of
ranksin on~riterion varianceanalysis. J. Amer,Statiet.Aee.,47,61~17 with the
l indpermission
oftheauthors
andthepublisher.(Thecorrections
toth tablegiven
by theauthors
in Errata,J. Amer.Statiet.
Aee.,48,910,havebeenincorpora
 hPPENDIR

ThELE P. ThELE oF CRITIchL VhLUE8 oF rg THE SPEhlQKhN RhNK

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

AdaptedfromOlds,E. G. 1938. Distributions

ofsumsofsquares
ofrankdiffer-
encesfor small numbersof individuals. Ann. Math. Statist.,9, 133-148, and from
Olds'E G 1 949 The 5 %significsnce
levelsforsumsof squares
of rankdifferences
and a correction. Ann. Math. Statist.,$0, 117-118, with the kind permissionof the
author snd the publisher.
 APPENDIX

TAELE Q. TAELE os' PaoEAEILITIEs AssocIATED wrra VALUEs As LAEoE As

OESERvED VALUES OP S IN THE KENDALL RANK CORRELATION CoEPFIcIENT

Values of N Values of N

10

0
42 .625 .592 . 548 1 . 500 .500 .500

68
.375
.167
.042
.408
.242
.117
.042
.452
.360
.274
.199
.381
.306
.238
39
7 5 . 360
. 285
.136
.068
.386
.281
191
.119
.481
.364
.300
.242
10 .138 .179 11 .028 .068 .190
12 .089 13 .0088 .035 .146
14 .054 15 .0014 .015 .108
16 .081 17 .0054 .078
18 .016 19 .0014 .054
20 .0071 21 .00020 .036
22 .0028 .012 28 .023
24 .00087 25 .014
26 .00019 27 .0088
28 .000025 .0012 29 .0046
30 31 .0028
32 .00012 33 .0011
34 .000025 85 .00047
36 .0000028 37 .00018
39 .000058
41 .000015
43 .0000028
45 .00000028

~ Adaptedby permissionfrom Kendall, M. G., Rank correlationNIegodg,Charles

GriSn h Company, Ltd., London, 1948, Appendix Table 1 p. 141.
 hPPENDIX

TABLE R. TABLE oF CRITIcAL VALUEs oF e IN THE KENDALL CoEFFIGIENT

OF CONCORDANCE

Values at the .05 level of significance

34 49.5
64. 4
88.4
103.9
143.3
157.3
217.0
9
12
54. 0
71. 9

56
8 48. 1
62.6
75.7
101.7
112.3
136.1
183. 7
182.4
221.4
299.0
276.2
335.2
453.1
14
16
18
83. 8
95.8
107.7
10 60.0 127.8 231.2 376.7 571.0
15 89.8 192.9 349.8 570.5 864.9
20 119.7 258.0 468.5 764.4 1,158.7

Values at the .01 level of significance

' Adapted from Friedman, M. 1940. A comparison of alternative tests of sig-

nificance for the problem of m rankings. AarI. Math. Slaliet., 11, 86-92, with the
kind permission of the author and the publisher.
1 Notice that additional critical values of e for N 3 are given in the right-hand
column of this table.
 hPPENDIX 287

T~m S. Tmm OX FhnOaXhaa

Nl

1
1

26
24

120
720
5040
40320
362880

10 3628&00
11 39916&00
12 479001600
13 6227020&00
14 87178291200

15 1307674368000
16 20922789888000
17 355687428096000
18 6402373705728000
19 121645100408832000

20 2432902008176640000
 APPENDIX

ThIILII T. ThsLI or BINOMIhL CQIIIFIGIENTs

(N) (N) (N) (N) P) (Ng

10 10 5 1
15 20 15 6 1
21 35 35 21 7 1
28 56 70 56 28 8
36 84 126 126 84 36

10 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1

11 11 55 165 330 462 462 330 165 56 11
12 12 66 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 66
13 13 78 286 715 1287 1716 1716 1287 715 286
14 14 91 364 1001 2002 3003 3432 3003 2002 1001

15 15 105 455 1365 3003 5005 6435 6436 6005 3003

16 16 120 560 1820 4368 8008 11440 12870 11440 8008
17 17 136 680 2380 6188 12376 19448 24310 24310 19448
18 18 163 816 3060 8568 18564 31824 43768 48620 43758
19 19 171 969 3876 11628 27132 50388 75582 92378 92378

1140 4845 15504 38760 77620 125970 167960 184756