INECUACIONES Y DESIGUALDADES (3ª entrega)

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1 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙| > |𝒙 + 𝟓|

|𝑥 2 + 𝑥| > |𝑥 + 5|(∗)
𝑥 = 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜)
𝑥2 + 𝑥 = 0 → { ˅ 𝑦 𝑥 + 5 = 0 → 𝑥 = −5 (𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜)
𝑥 = −1 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜)
𝑥 < −5 → (∗) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > −𝑥 − 5 → 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 > 0(𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜) → 𝑥 < −5
−5 < 𝑥 < −1 → (∗) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 5 → 𝑥 2 > 5 → ⏟ − 5 < 𝑥 < −√5
−5<𝑥<−1
−1 < 𝑥 < 0 → (∗) − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 5 → −𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 > 0 (𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 )
𝑥 > 0 → (∗)𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 5 → 𝑥 2 > 5 →⏟ 𝑥 > √5
𝑥>0
𝑆 = ]−∞, −√5[ ∪ ]√5, +∞[

2 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓| < |𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏|

|2𝑥 − 5| < |3𝑥 + 1| (∗)

5 1
2𝑥 − 5 = 0 → 𝑥 = (𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜) 𝑦 |3𝑥 + 1| = 0 → 𝑥 = − (𝑛𝑜 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜)
2 3

1
𝑥 < − → (∗) 5 − 2𝑥 < −3𝑥 − 1 → 𝑥 < −6 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
3
1 5 4 4 5
− < 𝑥 < → (∗) 5 − 2𝑥 < 3𝑥 + 1 → −5𝑥 < −4 → 𝑥 > → < 𝑥 <
3 2 5 5 2
5 5
𝑥 > → (∗) 2𝑥 − 5 < 3𝑥 + 1 → −𝑥 < 6 → 𝑥 > −6 → 𝑥 >
2 2

4
𝑆 = ]−∞, −6[ ∪ ] , +∞[
5

3 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓| ≤ |𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏| + |𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑|

|3𝑥 − 5| ≤ |2𝑥 − 1| + |2𝑥 + 3|

 5
3𝑥 − 5 = 0 → 𝑥 =
3
1
2𝑥 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 =
2
3
{2𝑥 + 3 = 0 → 𝑥 = − 2
3
𝑥 < − → (−3𝑥 + 5) ≤ (−2𝑥 + 1) + (−2𝑥 − 3) → 𝑥 ≤ −7 →
⏟ 𝑥 ≤ −7
2 3
𝑥<−
2

3 1 1
− ≤ 𝑥 < → (−3𝑥 + 5) ≤ (−2𝑥 + 1) + (2𝑥 + 3) → −3𝑥 ≤ −1 → 𝑥 ≥ →
⏟
2 2 3 3 1
− ≤𝑥<
2 2

1 1
≤𝑥<
3 2
1 5 3 1 5
≤ 𝑥 < → (−3𝑥 + 5) ≤ (2𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 + 3) → −7𝑥 ≤ −3 → 𝑥 ≥ →
⏟ ≤𝑥<
2 3 71 5 2 3
≤𝑥<
2 3

5 5
𝑥≥ → (3𝑥 − 5) ≤ (2𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 + 3) → −𝑥 ≤ 7 → 𝑥 ≥ −7 →
⏟ 𝑥≥
3 5 3
𝑥≥
3

1 1 1 5 5 1
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: ]−∞, −7] ∪ [ , [ ∪ [ , [ ∪ [ , +∞[ = ]−∞, −7] ∪ [ , +∞[
3 2 2 3 3 3

𝒙 𝟏
4 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: + −𝒙≥ 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟐𝒙

𝑥 1 2𝑥𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 1) − 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑥
+ −𝑥≥0→ ≥0→
𝑥 2 + 1 2𝑥 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 −2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 + 1 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 − 1
≥ 0 → ≥ 0 → ≤0 →⏟
2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1) 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1) 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖
𝑥 = −1 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)(2𝑥 2 + 1) 2𝑥 2 + 1 ≥ 0, ∀𝑥
≤ 0 (∗) ; 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑒: { 𝑥 = 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒) 𝑦 {
2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑥 = 1 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒) 𝑥 2 + 1 > 0, ∀𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑥 < −1 → <0
𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) −1 < 𝑥 < 0 → >0
(∗) ≤0 →
⏟ 𝑥 →
𝑥 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
0<𝑥<1→ <0
𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
{ 𝑥 > 1 → >0
𝑥
𝑆 = ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]0,1]

5 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒 > 𝟎

 1
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖: 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 2 (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 1) →
2
𝑥 = −1
1
𝑝(𝑥) = 0 → { 𝑥 = (𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛)
2
𝑥=4
𝑥 < −1 1 1 𝑥>4
−1 < 𝑥 < <𝑥<4
2 2
(𝑥 + 1) − + + +
1 − − + +
(𝑥 − )
2
(𝑥 − 4) − − − +
𝑝(𝑥) − + − +
>0 No Sí No Sí

1
𝑆 = ]−1, [ ∪ ]4, +∞[
2

𝑂𝑏𝑡é𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:

6 −𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟓
𝒇 (𝒙 ) = − 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑
𝒙 𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙

−4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1 5
𝑓(𝑥) = − 2 + 3𝑥 + 3
𝑥 𝑥 − 5𝑥
𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 4) [𝑥 − (2 − 2√2)][𝑥 + (2 + 2√2)]
=− =
⏟ −
(
𝑥 𝑥−5 ) 𝑥≠0
𝑥−5
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑒: 2 − 2√2, 0, 2 + 2√2, 5.
𝑥=0
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 {𝑥 = 2 − 2√2 ∄𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 {
𝑥 = 2 + 2√2 𝑥=5
𝑓(𝑥) < 0 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 ∈ ]2 − 2√2, 0[ ∪ ]0,2 + 2√2[ ∪ ]5, +∞[
𝑓 (𝑥) > 0 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 2 − 2√2[ ∪ ]2 + √2, +∞[

𝟏 𝟏
7 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: <
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟐
1 1 1 1 𝑥 − 2 − 2𝑥 − 4
< → − <0→ <0→
2𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 2 2(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 − 2 2(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)

−𝑥 − 6 𝑥+6 𝑥 = −6
<0→ > 0 → 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑏á𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 {𝑥 = −2 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛)
2(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑥=2
𝑥 < −6 −6 < 𝑥 < −2 −2 < 𝑥 < 2 𝑥 > 2
𝑥+6 − + + +
𝑥+2 − − + +
𝑥−2 − − − +
𝑥+6 − (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒) + − (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒) +
(+)
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
 𝑆 = ]−6, −2[ ∪ ]2, +∞[

𝑥 ∈ [2,4] → 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 → 2 · 2 ≤ 2 · 𝑥 ≤ 2 · 4 → 4 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 8 → 4 + 3 ≤ 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 8 + 3 →

7𝑧 ≤ 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 11 → 2𝑥 + 3 ∈ [7,11]

𝑥 ∈ [𝑥0 − 𝑎, 𝑥0 + 𝑎] → 𝑥0 − 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥0 + 𝑎 → (𝑥𝑜 − 𝑎) − 𝑥0 ≤ 𝑥 − 𝑥0 ≤ (𝑥0 + 𝑎) − 𝑥0 →

−𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 − 𝑥0 ≤ 𝑎 → 𝑥 − 𝑥0 ∈ [−𝑎, 𝑎]

9 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝒙 − 𝟓| < |𝒙 + 𝟏|

𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = −1 (∗)|𝑥 − 5| < |𝑥 + 1|
{
𝑥−5= 0→𝑥 = 5
𝑆𝑖 𝑥 < −1 → (∗) − 𝑥 + 5 < −𝑥 − 1 → 5 < −1 ¡ 𝑁𝑜!
𝑆𝑖 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 5 → (∗) − 𝑥 + 5 < 𝑥 + 1 → −2𝑥 < −4 → 𝑥 > 2
𝑆𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 5 → (∗) 𝑥 − 5 < 𝑥 + 1 → −5 < 1 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑥 > 2 → 𝑆 = ]2, +∞[

10 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑒: 𝑎)(𝟑 − 𝒙)(𝒙 + 𝟓) > 𝟎, 𝑏) (𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟑) ≥ 𝟎

3−𝑥 > 0 𝑦 𝑥+5 > 0

(+) · (+)
𝑎) (3 − 𝑥)(𝑥 + 5) > 0 [(+) = { ]→{ 𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛: →
(−) · (−)
3−𝑥 < 0 𝑦 𝑥+5 < 0
3 > 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 > −5
{ 𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛: → −5 < 𝑥 < 3 → 𝑥 ∈ ]−5,3[
3 < 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 < −5 (𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒)
1
4𝑥 − 1 ≥ 0 𝑦 𝑥 + 3 ≥ 0 𝑥 ≥ 𝑦 𝑥 ≥ −3
4
𝑏) (4𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) ≥ 0 [(+) 𝑜 0] → { 𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛: → 𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛: →
4𝑥 − 1 ≤ 0 𝑦 𝑥 + 3 ≤ 0 1
𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 𝑥 ≤ −3
{ 4
1
𝑥≥
{ 4 → 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, −3] ∪ [1 , +∞[
𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛: 4
𝑥 ≤ −3
 11 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝒙| + |𝒚| < 𝟏

𝑥+𝑦<1
𝑥−𝑦<1
|𝑥| + |𝑦 | < 1 ↔ {
−𝑥 + 𝑦 < 1
−𝑥 − 𝑦 < 1

−𝒂 ≤ 𝒃
12 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝒂, 𝒃 ∈ ℝ 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝒃 ≥ 𝟎. 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒: |𝒂| ≤ |𝒃| ⇔ { ˄
𝒂≤𝒃

𝑏 ≥ 0 → |𝑏| = 𝑏 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:
−𝑏 ≤ 𝑎 𝑏 ≥ −𝑎 −𝑎 ≤ 𝑏
|𝑎| ≤ |𝑏| ⇔ |𝑎| ≤ 𝑏 ⇔ −𝑏 ≤ 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 ⇔ { ˄ ⇔{ ˄ ⇔{ ˄
𝑎≤𝑏 𝑎≤𝑏 𝑎≤𝑏

𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒙−𝟕
13 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: + < 𝟒+
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟐 𝒙−𝟏

2𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 7 2𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 − 1 𝑥−7
+ < 4+ → + −4− <0→
𝑥 +1 𝑥+2 𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥−1
−4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 25 (4𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 5)
<0 →⏟ >0
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑌·(−1)

5
− 𝑦 5 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 > 0)
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡é𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠: { 4 . 𝑆𝐼𝐺𝑁𝑂𝑆:
−2, −1 𝑦 1 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑟 )
 (−)(−)
𝑥 < −2 → < 0 → 𝑁𝑂
(−)(−)(−)
5 (−)(−)
−2 < 𝑥 < − → > 0 → 𝑆Í
4 (−)(+)(−)
5 (+)(−)
− < 𝑥 < −1 → < 0 → 𝑁𝑂
4 (−)(+)(−)
(+)(−)
−1 < 𝑥 < 1 → > 0 → 𝑆Í
(+)(+)(−)
(+)(−)
1<𝑥<5→ < 0 → 𝑁𝑂
(+)(+)(+)
(+)(+)
𝑥>5→ > 0 → 𝑆Í
{ (+)(+)(+)

5
𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁: ]−2, [ ∪ ]−1,1[ ∪ ]5, +∞[
4

𝟑 − |𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙|
14 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: <𝟎
|𝒙 − 𝟓| + 𝒙𝟐

𝐸𝑠 |𝑥 − 5| + 𝑥 2 > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ; 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:
3 − |𝑥 2 − 4𝑥|
< 0 ↔ 3 − |𝑥 2 − 4𝑥| < 0 ↔ |𝑥 2 − 4𝑥| > 3
|𝑥 − 5| + 𝑥 2

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≤ 0
2 𝑥 = 0 2
𝑥 − 4𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 0 → { → |𝑥 − 4𝑥| = {−𝑥 2 + 4𝑥, 𝑠𝑖 0 < 𝑥 < 4
𝑥=4
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 4

𝑥 < 2 − √7 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 ≤ 0)

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 > 3 → 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 3 > 0 → { ˅
𝑥 > 2 + √7 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 ≥ 4)
(
˅
{−𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 > 3 → 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 < 0 → {1 < 𝑥 < 3 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 0 < 𝑥 < 4)

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑆 = ]−∞, 2 − √7[ ∪ ]1,3[ ∪ ]2 + √7, +∞[

15
 2−𝑥
≤ −2 (∗)
2−𝑥 𝑥−1
| |≥2→ ˅
𝑥−1 2−𝑥
≥ 2 (∗∗)
{𝑥−1

2−𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 2 𝑥 𝑥 ≤ 0 ˄ 𝑥 − 1 > 0 (𝑛𝑜)

(∗) +2 ≤ 0→ ≤0→ ≤0→{ ˅
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥−1
𝑥 ≥ 0 ˄ 𝑥−1< 0 →0≤ 𝑥 < 1

2−𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 4 − 3𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 ≤ 0 ˄ 𝑥 − 1 < 0
(∗∗) −2≥0 → ≥0→ ≥0→{ ˅ →
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥−1
4 − 3𝑥 ≥ 0 ˄ 𝑥 − 1 > 0
4
𝑥≥ ˄ 𝑥 < 1 (𝑛𝑜)
3 4
˅ → 𝑆 = [0,1[ ∪ ]1, ]
4 4 3
𝑥≤ ˄ 𝑥>1→1<𝑥≤
{ 3 3

4
𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜: 0 . 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜:
3

𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑆: 1 .

𝟏
16 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟒𝒙+𝟏 − ≤𝟎
𝟐

1 1 3
4𝑥+1 − ≤ 0 ↔ 22𝑥+2 ≤ ↔ 22𝑥+2 ≤ 2−1 ↔
⏟ 2𝑥 + 2 ≤ −1 → 𝑥 ≤ −
2 2 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
2
𝑦=2𝑥 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

17 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 ≥ |𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒|

−2𝑥 − 4, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < −2
2𝑥 + 4 = 0 → 𝑥 = −2 → |2𝑥 + 4| = {
2𝑥 + 4, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ −2
𝑥 < −2 → 𝑥 2 + 4 ≥ −2𝑥 − 4 → 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 ≥ 0 → 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 + 7 ≥ 0 → (𝑥 + 1)2 + 7
≥ 0 → 𝑉á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒. → 𝑆1 = ]−∞, −2[
𝑥≤0
𝑥 ≥ −2 → 𝑥 2 + 4 ≥ 2𝑥 + 4 → 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 ≥ 0 → 𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) ≥ 0 → { ˅ →
𝑥≥2
𝑆2 = [−2, +∞[ ∩ ( ]−∞, 0] ∪ [2, +∞[ ) = [−2,0] ∪ [2, +∞[ =
𝑆 = 𝑆1 ∪ 𝑆2 = ]−∞, −2[ ∪ [−2,0] ∪ [2, +∞[ = ]−∞, 0] ∪ [2, +∞[
 𝟕 𝒏−𝟏 𝟕 𝒏−𝟐 𝟕 𝒏
18 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒, ∀𝒏 ≥ 𝟐, ( ) +( ) < ( )
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

7 𝑛−1 7 𝑛−2 7 𝑛−2 7 1 7 𝑛−2 7 𝑛−2 7 1

( ) +( ) =( ) ·( ) +( ) ·1=( ) [( ) + 1] =
4 4 4 4 4 4 4

7 𝑛−2 11 7 𝑛−2 11 · 4 7 𝑛−2 44 7 𝑛−2 49 7 𝑛−2 7 2

( ) · =( ) · =( ) < ( ) · = ( ) ·( ) =
4 4 4 4·4 4 42 4 42 4 4
7 𝑛−2+2 7 𝑛
( ) =( )
4 4

19 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝟏 − (𝟏 − 𝒙)𝒏 ≤ √𝒏𝒙 (𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏, 𝒏 ∈ ℕ)

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖: (1 + 𝑥)𝑛 ≥ 1 + 𝑛𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑥 ≥ −1 𝑦 𝒏 ∈ ℕ

0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 → −1 ≤ −𝑥 ≤ 0 →
[1 + (−𝑥)]𝑛 ≥ 1 + 𝑛(−𝑥) → (1 − 𝑥)𝑛 ≥ 1 − 𝑛𝑥 → −(1 − 𝑥)𝑛 ≤ −1 + 𝑛𝑥 →

1 − (1 − 𝑥)𝑛 ≤ 𝑛𝑥

¿ 𝐸𝑠 𝑛𝑥 ≤ √𝑛𝑥?

𝑛𝑥 ≤ √𝑛𝑥 ↔ ↔
⏟ √𝑛𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑆𝑖 𝑥>0

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 1 → 1 − (1 − 𝑥) = 𝑥 ≤ √𝑥, 𝑠𝑖 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 ≥ 2 →

𝑛 1
𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 − (1 − 𝑥)𝑛 − √𝑛𝑥 → 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛(1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 − = 𝑛 [(1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 − ],
2√𝑛𝑥 2√𝑛𝑥
𝑓 (0) = 0 𝑦 𝑓(1) = 1 − √𝑛 ≤ 0, 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 ∀𝑥 ∈ ]0,1[ → 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 →

1 − (1 − 𝑥)𝑛 − √𝑛𝑥 ≤ 0 → 1 − (1 − 𝑥)𝑛 ≤ √𝑛𝑥

20 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙| > |𝒙 + 𝟓|

|𝑥 2 + 𝑥| > |𝑥 + 5| (∗)
2 ( )
{𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 0
𝑥 + 5 = 0 → 𝑥 = −5
 𝑥 ≤ −5 → (∗) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > −𝑥 − 5 → ⏟
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 > 0 → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ → 𝑥 ≤ −5
+
𝑥 < −√5
−5 < 𝑥 ≤ −1 → (∗) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 5 → 𝑥 2 > 5 → { ˅ → −5 < 𝑥 < −√5
𝑥 > √5
( ) 2 2
−1 < 𝑥 ≤ 0 → ∗ − 𝑥 − 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 5 → ⏟ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 5 < 0 → ∄𝑥
+
𝑥 < −√5
𝑥 > 0 → (∗)𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > 𝑥 + 5 → 𝑥 2 > 5 → { ˅ → 𝑥 > √5
{ 𝑥 > √5

𝑆 = ]−∞, −√5[ ∪ ]√5, +∞[

21 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗| − 𝟐|𝒙| + 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 < 𝟎

|𝑥 2 − 9| − 2|𝑥| + 𝑥 − 10 < 0 (∗)

2
{𝑥 − 9 = 0 → 𝑥 = ±3
𝑥=0
𝑎) 𝑥 < −3 → (∗) 𝑥 2 − 9 − 2(−𝑥) + 𝑥 − 10 < 0 → 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 19 < 0
𝑏) − 3 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 → (∗) − 𝑥 2 + 9 − 2(−𝑥) + 𝑥 − 10 < 0 → 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 > 0
𝑐) 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 3 → (∗) − 𝑥 2 + 9 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 10 < 0 → 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 > 0
{ 𝑑) 𝑥 ≥ 3 → (∗) 𝑥 2 − 9 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 10 < 0 → 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 19 < 0

−3 − √85
𝑥= < −3 −3 − √85
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 19 = 0 → 2 → 𝑎) < 𝑥 < −3
−3 + √85 2
𝑥= > −3
{ 2

3 − √5
𝑥= > −3
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 2 → 𝑏) 3 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
3 + √5
𝑥= >0
{ 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 → ∄𝑥 → 𝑐) 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 3

1 − √77
𝑥= <0 1 + √77
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 19 = 0 → 2 → 𝑑) 3 ≤ 𝑥 <
1 + √77 2
𝑥= >3
{ 2

−3 − √85 1 + √77
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: 𝑥 ∈ ] , −3[ ∪ [−3,0[ ∪ [0,3[ ∪ [3, [
2 2
−3 − √85 1 + √77
= ] , [
2 2
 𝒙−𝟐
22 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 (| | + 𝟕) > 𝟑
𝒙−𝟓
𝑥−2
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒: | | + 7 > 0.
𝑥−5
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
log 2 (| | + 7) > 3 → log 2 (| | + 7) > log 2 23 → | |+7 > 8 →
𝑥−5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 3
>1→ −1 > 0 → >0→𝑥>5
𝑥−2 𝑥−5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5
| |>1→ ˅
𝑥−5 𝑥−2 𝑥−2 2𝑥 − 7 2(𝑥 − 3.5)
< −1 → +1< 0→ <0→ < 0 (∗)
{𝑥 − 5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5
𝑥 − 3.5 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 − 5 < 0 → 𝑥 < 3.5 ∧ 𝑥 < 5 → 3.5 < 𝑥 < 5
(∗) { ˅
𝑥 − 3.5 < 0 ∧ 𝑥 − 5 > 0 → 𝑥 < 3.5 ∧ 𝑥 > 5 (𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒)

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑆 = ]3.5, 5[ ∪ ]5, +∞[

𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟏𝟕
23 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: { 𝟑 − 𝟓 ≤ 𝟏𝟓
𝟖 − 𝟑𝒙 ≥ 𝟐 − 𝒙

𝑥 − 2 3𝑥 − 1 17 5𝑥 − 10 − 3(3𝑥 − 1) 17
−4𝑥 − 7 ≤ 17 −4𝑥 ≤ 24
{ 3 − 5 ≤ 15 → { 15
≤
15 → { −2𝑥 ≥ −6 → {−2𝑥 ≥ −6 → ⏟
8 − 3𝑥 ≥ 2 − 𝑥 −2𝑥 ≥ −6 ¡𝑂𝐽𝑂!

24
𝑥≥
{ −4 → {𝑥 ≥ −6 →
−6 𝑥≤3
𝑥≤
−2
𝑥 ∈ [−6, +∞[
{ → 𝑥 ∈ 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 3] ∩ [−6, +∞[ → 𝑥 ∈ [−6,3] 𝑜 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛: −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 3]

24 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 ≥ 𝟎

𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 12 ≥ 0 →
⏟ (𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 2 + 3) ≥ 0
𝑅𝑈𝐹𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐼

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑜: (𝑥 − 2)2 ≥ 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑦 (𝑥 2 + 3) > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ → (𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 2 + 3) ≥ 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁: ℝ = ]−∞, +∞[

 25

𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒, 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠

𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝒙 𝑒 𝒚, 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖ó𝑛 𝑻 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎).

√3
tan 30º =
3
𝑥 𝑦 √3
𝑟1 ≡ + = 1 → 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 𝑟2 ≡ 𝑦 = 𝑥 → √3𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
3 2 3
𝑟3 ≡ 𝑥 = 3 𝑦 𝑟4 ≡ 𝑦 = 4

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≥ 6
√3𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≤ 0
𝛾≡
0≤𝑥≤3
{ 0≤𝑦≤4

𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒(𝟏 − 𝒙)
26 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: − ≤ (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐) +
𝟒 𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟑

𝑀í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚ú𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟: 60

15(3𝑥 + 1) − 20 8(3𝑥 + 2) + 80(1 − 𝑥)
≤ ⏟ 15(3𝑥 + 1) − 20 ≤ 8(3𝑥 + 2) + 80(1 − 𝑥)
→
60 60 60>0
→
45𝑥 + 15 − 20 ≤ 24𝑥 + 16 + 80 − 80𝑥 → 45𝑥 − 24𝑥 + 80𝑥 ≤ 16 + 80 − 15 + 20 →
101
101𝑥 ≤ 101 →
⏟ 𝑥≤ → 𝑥 ≤ 1 → 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, 1]
101>0
101

27 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒙 − √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 < 𝟎

𝑆𝑖 𝑥 < 0 → 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1 < 0 (𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒)

𝑆𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑥 2 + 1 > 𝑥 2 → √𝑥 2 + 1 > 𝑥 → 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1 < 0

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑆 = ℝ = ]−∞, +∞[

28 𝒙+𝒚
𝒙<𝒚⟹𝒙< <𝒚
𝟐

𝑥+𝑦
𝑥+𝑥 < 𝑦+𝑥 2𝑥 < 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥< 𝑥+𝑦
𝑥 < 𝑦 → {𝑥 + 𝑦 < 𝑦 + 𝑦 → { ⏟ {𝑥 + 𝑦 2 → 𝑥 <
→ <𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 < 2𝑦 2
2>0 <𝑦
2

𝐼𝑛𝑑í𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐:

29
(𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙𝟑 + (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃 + 𝟏)𝒙𝟐 + (𝟐𝒂 − 𝟏)𝒙 + (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 ≥ 𝟎

2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 𝑏 = −2𝑎 𝑎=1
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜: { →{ 2 →{ →
𝑎2 + 𝑏 + 1 = 0 𝑎 − 2𝑎 + 1 = 0 𝑏 = −2
(2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 3 + (𝑎2 + 𝑏 + 1)𝑥 2 + (2𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 ≥ 0 →

𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0 → 𝑥 ≥ −1 → 𝑆 = [−1, +∞[

30 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝒙 + 𝟏| − 𝟑|𝟐 − 𝒙| > 𝟎

|𝑥 + 1| − 3|2 − 𝑥| > 0 (∗); {𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = −1

2−𝑥 = 0→ 𝑥 =2
7
𝑆𝑖 𝑥 < −1 → (∗) (−𝑥 − 1) − 3(2 − 𝑥) > 0 → 2𝑥 > 7 → 𝑥 > (𝑛𝑜)
2
5 5
𝑆𝑖 − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 → (∗) (𝑥 + 1) − 3(2 − 𝑥) > 0 → 4𝑥 > 5 → 𝑥 > → 𝑥 ∈ ] , 2[
4 4
7 7
𝑆𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 2 → (∗)(𝑥 + 1) − 3(−2 + 𝑥) > 0 → −2𝑥 > −7 → 𝑥 < → 𝑥 ∈ [2, [
2 2
5 7
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ∶ 𝑆 = ] , [
4 2

31 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐√𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 > 𝟎

2
2√3 ± √(2√3) + 8 2√3 ± √20 √5
𝐸𝑠: 𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥 − 2 = 0 → 𝑥 = = = {√3 −
2 2 √3 + √5
 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥 − 2

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠, 𝑦 > 0 → 𝑥 ∈ ]−∞, √3 − √5[ ∪ ]√3 + √5, +∞[

𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
32 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: − ≥ +𝟒
𝒙 𝟑 𝒙

2 1 3 6 − 𝑥 9 + 12𝑥 6 − 𝑥 9 + 12𝑥 6 − 𝑥 − (9 + 12𝑥)

− ≥ +4 → ≥ →
⏟ − → ≥0
𝑥 3 𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
𝑁𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 3𝑥
→
3 3
−3 − 13𝑥 13𝑥 + 3 13 (𝑥 + 13) 𝑥 + 13
≥0→ ≤0→ ≤0→
3𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
3
≤ 0 (∗) 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑒: {𝑥 = − 13
𝑥=0
3 (−)
𝑥<− → (∗) = (+) > 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
13 (−)
3 0
𝑥=− → (∗) = 0 ≤ 0 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
13 (−)
3 (+) 3
− < 𝑥 < 0 → (∗) = (−) ≤ 0 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒) → 𝑆 = [− , 0[
13 (−) 13
(+)
𝑥 = 0 → (∗) ∄→ 𝑁𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒
0
(+)
𝑥 > 0 → (∗) = (+) > 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
{ (+)

(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙𝟐 + √𝟒𝒏𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒏 − 𝟏
33 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑠𝑖 𝒏 > 𝟐) : <𝟎
(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙𝟐 + 𝒏𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒏 − 𝟏

−√4𝑛2 − 5 ± √4𝑛2 − 5 − 4(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 − 1)

(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 + √4𝑛2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = →
2(𝑛 + 1)

−√4𝑛2 − 5 ± √−1
𝑥= ⏟ (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 + √4𝑛2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1 > 0
∉ℝ →
2𝑛 + 2 𝑛>2

−𝑛2 ± √𝑛4 − 4(𝑛 + 1)(𝑛 − 1) −𝑛2 ± √(𝑛2 − 2)2

(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 + 𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = =
2(𝑛 + 1) 2(𝑛 + 1)
 1
2 2 𝑥1 = −
−𝑛 ± (𝑛 − 2) 𝑛+1
→𝑥= = →
2(𝑛 + 1) (−2)(𝑛2 − 1)
𝑥2 = = −(𝑛 − 1) = 1 − 𝑛
{ 2(𝑛 + 1)

(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 2 + √4𝑛2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1 1
<0→− < 𝑥 < 1−𝑛 →
1 𝑛 + 1
(𝑛 + 1) [𝑥 − (− )] [𝑥 − (1 − 𝑛)]
𝑛+1
1
]− , 1 − 𝑛[
𝑛+1

34 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐 < 𝟎

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑜 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2 𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑎í𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠, 𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠

𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜:

𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑) →

𝑥 4 + 0𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 4 + (𝑎 + 𝑐)𝑥 3 + (𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑑)𝑥 2 + (𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐)𝑥 + 𝑏𝑑

𝑎+𝑐 =0 𝑐 = −𝑎 𝑐 = −𝑎
𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑑 = −3 𝑏 − 𝑎 2
+ 𝑑 = −3 𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 − 3
{ →{ → {𝑎(𝑎2 − 𝑏 − 3) − 𝑎𝑏 = −6 →
𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐 = −6 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑎𝑏 = −6
𝑏𝑑 = −2 𝑏𝑑 = −2 𝑏(𝑎2 − 𝑏 − 3) = −2
𝑐 = −𝑎
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 − 3
{ 3 (∗)
𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑏 − 3𝑎 = −6
𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑏2 − 3𝑏 = −2
3 𝑎 = −2, 𝑏 = −1 → (∗)𝑐 = 2, 𝑑 = 2
{𝑎 2 − 2𝑎𝑏2 − 3𝑎 = −6 → {
𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑏 − 3𝑏 = −2 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 2 → (∗) 𝑐 = −2, 𝑑 = −1
𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)

2 ± √8 𝑥 = 1 − √2
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = →{ 1
2 𝑥2 = 1 + √2
𝑝(𝑥) = 0 → ˅
−2 ± √−4
{ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 = 0 → 𝑥 = ∉ℝ
2
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) →
𝑝(𝑥) = [𝑥 − (1 − √2)][𝑥 − (1 + √2)] ⏟
>0

𝑝(𝑥) < 0, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ∈ ]1 − √2, 1 + √2[

35 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: |𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏| > |𝒙|

 |𝑥 2 − 1| > |𝑥| → |𝑥 + 1||𝑥 − 1| − |𝑥| > 0 (∗)
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑒 ∶ 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 1 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠) 𝑦 𝑥 = 0 (𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜)
𝑆𝑖 𝑥 < −1 → (∗) (−𝑥 − 1)(−𝑥 + 1) − (−𝑥) > 0 → 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 > 0
−1 − √5
𝑥<
−1 ± √5 2 −1 − √5
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = →
⏟ ˅ →
⏟ 𝑥<
2 2
𝑥 2+𝑥−1>0 −1 + √5 𝑥<−1
{ 𝑥 >
2
𝑆𝑖 − 1 < 𝑥 < 0 → (∗) (𝑥 + 1)(−𝑥 + 1) − (−𝑥) > 0 → 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 < 0
1 ± √5 1 − √5 1 + √5
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = →⏟ <𝑥< →
⏟
2 𝑥 2 −𝑥−1<0 2 2 −1<𝑥<0
1 − √5
<𝑥<0
2
𝑆𝑖 0 < 𝑥 < 1 → (∗)(𝑥 + 1)(1 − 𝑥) − 𝑥 > 0 → 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 < 0
−1 ± √5 −1 − √5 −1 + √5
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = →
⏟ <𝑥< →
⏟
2 2
𝑥 +𝑥−1<0
2 2 0<𝑥<1
−1 + √5
0<𝑥<
2
𝑆𝑖 𝑥 > 1 → (∗)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) − 𝑥 > 0 → 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 > 0
1 − √5
𝑥<
1 ± √5 2 1 + √5
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0 → →⏟ ˅ →
⏟ 𝑥>
2 𝑥 2 −𝑥−1>0 2
1 + √5 𝑥>1
{ 𝑥 >
2
−1 − √5 1 − √5 −1 + √5 1 + √5
𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜: 𝑆 = ]−∞, [∪] , [∪] , +∞[
2 2 2 2

𝟓
(𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟕 √𝒙 − 𝟏
36 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 ≤𝟎
√𝒙 + 𝟑 √𝒙 + 𝟖 (𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟏𝟏

𝑥4 + 𝑥2 + 1 > 0
4 2 )7 5
(𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 − 1 10
𝑥 > −3 → √𝑥 + 3 > 0
10 9 ≤ 0 (∗) 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 {
√𝑥 + 3 √𝑥 + 8 (𝑥 − 7)11 𝑌 ℎ𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑥 > −3
9
𝑥 > −3 → √𝑥 + 8 > 0
(𝑥 − 3) = 0 → 𝑥 = 3 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
(𝑥 − 3)7 5√𝑥 − 1
(∗) ≤ 0 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡é𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠: { (𝑥 − 1) = 0 → 𝑥 = 1 (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
(𝑥 − 7)11
(𝑥 − 7) = 0 → 𝑥 = 7 (𝑁𝑂 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸)
 (𝑥 − 3)7 5√𝑥 − 1
−3 < 𝑥 ≤ 1 → ≤0
(𝑥 − 7)11
(𝑥 − 3)7 5√𝑥 − 1
1<𝑥<3→ >0
(𝑥 − 7)11
→ 𝑆 = ]−3,1] ∪ [3,7[
(𝑥 − 3)7 5√𝑥 − 1
3≤𝑥<7→ ≤0
(𝑥 − 7)11
(𝑥 − 3)7 5√𝑥 − 1
𝑥>7→ >0
{ (𝑥 − 7)11

𝒙+𝟑
37 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 >𝟏
𝒙−𝟏

𝑥+3 𝑥 < −3
𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟í𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜 → >0→{ ˅
𝐻𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑥−1
𝑥>1 → 𝑥>1
∧
{ 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟í𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎 → 0 < 𝑥 < 1 ˅ 𝑥 > 1
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3

log 𝑥 > 1 → log 𝑥 > log 𝑥 𝑥 →
⏟ >𝑥→ −𝑥>0→
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥>1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)
>0 →⏟ 𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) > 0 → −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 > 0 →
𝑥−1 𝑥−1>0

−1 < 𝑥 < 3
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 < 0 → (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) < 0 → { → 1 < 𝑥 < 3 → 𝑆 = ]1,3[
𝑥>1

𝒙−𝟐
38 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 (| | + 𝟕) > 𝟑
𝒙−𝟓
𝑥−2
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒: | | + 7 > 0.
𝑥−5
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 𝑥−2
log 2 (| | + 7) > 3 → log 2 (| | + 7) > log 2 23 → | |+7 > 8 →
𝑥−5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5
 𝑥−2 𝑥−2 3
>1→ −1 > 0 → >0→𝑥>5
𝑥−2 𝑥−5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5
| |>1→ ˅
𝑥−5 𝑥−2 𝑥−2 2𝑥 − 7 2(𝑥 − 3.5)
< −1 → +1< 0→ <0→ < 0 (∗)
{𝑥 − 5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5 𝑥−5
𝑥 − 3.5 > 0 ∧ 𝑥 − 5 < 0 → 𝑥 < 3.5 ∧ 𝑥 < 5 → 3.5 < 𝑥 < 5
(∗) { ˅
𝑥 − 3.5 < 0 ∧ 𝑥 − 5 > 0 → 𝑥 < 3.5 ∧ 𝑥 > 5 (𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒)

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑆 = ]3.5, 5[ ∪ ]5, +∞[

𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏

39 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: >𝟎
𝟔𝒙𝟓 + 𝟏𝟕𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏

1 1
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖 𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 (𝑟𝑎í𝑐𝑒𝑠: − 1, − , − )
2 3
1 1
𝑁𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎: (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 + ) (6𝑥 ⏟ 2 + 6𝑥 + 6) =
2 3 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑜
1 1
(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + ) 3 (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)
2
2 3
𝑥+1
1
𝑥+
𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖, 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 2
1
𝑥+
{ 3
𝐿𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑦 𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎: (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1) →

(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1) 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1
> 0 → >0
(𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 + 1)
−5 ± √17 𝑥 ≈ −2.28
𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎: 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = →{ 1
4 𝑥2 ≈ −0.22
−5 − √17 −5 + √17
2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 = 2 (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )
4 4
−5 − √17 −5 + √17
2 (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 − )
4 4
𝐿𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎: (∗) >0
1 1
(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 + )
2 3
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡é𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛):
−5 − √17 1 1 −5 + √17
< −1 < − < − < 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠, 𝑠𝑒𝑔ú𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑠:
4 3 2 4
 −5 − √17 (−)(−)
𝑥< → (∗) < 0 (𝑁𝑂 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸)
4 (−)(−)(−)
−5 − √17 (+)(−)
< 𝑥 < −1 → (∗) > 0 (𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸)
4 (−)(−)(−)
1 (+)(−)
−1 < 𝑥 < − → (∗) < 0 (𝑁𝑂 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸 )
3 (+)(−)(−)
1 1 (+)(−)
− < 𝑥 < − → (∗) > 0 (𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸 )
3 2 (+)(+)(−)
1 −5 + √17 (+)(−)
− <𝑥< → (∗) < 0 (𝑁𝑂 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸 )
2 4 (+)(+)(+)
−5 + √17 (+)(+)
𝑥> → (∗) > 0 (𝑉𝐴𝐿𝐸 )
{ 4 (+)(+)(+)
−5 − √17 1 1 −5 + √17
𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁: 𝑥 ∈ ] , −1[ ∪ ]− , − [ ∪ ] , +∞[
4 3 2 4

| | 𝟓 𝟑
40 𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 √𝟏 − 𝒙 · (𝒙 − 𝒙 ) < 𝟎 𝑒𝑠 ]𝒂, 𝒃[
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝒂 · 𝒃.

√1 − |𝑥| · (𝑥 5 − 𝑥 3 ) < 0 → √1 − |𝑥| · 𝑥 3 (𝑥 2 − 1) < 0 → ⏟

√1 − |𝑥| · 𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) < 0
𝐹(𝑥)

𝐻𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟: 1 − |𝑥| ≥ 0 → |𝑥| ≤ 1 𝑦 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ −1 𝑦 𝑥 ≠ 1.

−1 < 𝑥 < 0 → 𝐹(𝑥) = (+) · (−) · (+) · (−) → 𝐹 (𝑥) > 0
{ → 𝐶. 𝑆. = ]0,1[ → 𝑎𝑏 = 0
0 < 𝑥 < 1 → 𝐹(𝑥) = (+) · (+) · (+) · (−) → 𝐹 (𝑥) < 0

41 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 ≤ √𝒙𝟐𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐𝟐 √𝒚𝟐𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐𝟐

(𝐴 − 𝐵)2 ≥ 0 → (𝐴2 − 2𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵2 ) ≥ 0 → 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 ≥ 2𝐴𝐵 → 2𝐴𝐵 ≤ 𝐴2 + 𝐵2

1
→ 𝐴𝐵 ≤ (𝐴2 + 𝐵2 ) (∗)
2
𝑥1 𝑦1
𝑆𝑖 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜 𝐴1 = , 𝐵1 = → (∗)
√𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22
2 2
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 𝑥1 𝑦1
· ≤ [( ) +( ) ]→
√𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22 2 √𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 𝑥12 𝑦12
· ≤ [ 2 2 + 2 2]
√𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22 2 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑥1 + 𝑥2
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 1
≤ · 1 → 𝑥1 𝑦1 ≤ √𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22
√𝑥1 + 𝑥2 √𝑦1 + 𝑦2 2
2 2 2 2 2
𝑥2 𝑦2
𝐷𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑜: 𝑆𝑖 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜 𝐴2 = , 𝐵2 = →
√𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22
 1
𝑥2 𝑦2 ≤ √𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22
2
1 2 1
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥1 𝑦1 + 𝑥2 𝑦2 ≤ √𝑥1 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22 + √𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22
2 2

→ 𝑥1 𝑦1 + 𝑥2 𝑦2 ≤ √𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22

𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎:
𝑢 = (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ), 𝑣 = (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) →
cos 𝛼 ≤ ‖𝑢‖‖𝑣‖ = √𝑥12 + 𝑥22 √𝑦12 + 𝑦22
𝑥1 𝑦1 + 𝑥2 𝑦2 = 𝑢 · 𝑣 = ‖𝑢‖‖𝑣‖ · ⏟
≤1

PROFESOR: ANTONIUS BENEDICTUS