TOHHEHI

Btnycx N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HHmOPMAHHOAOIHHECKOH H
HPHKAAHOH YmOAOIHH

TOHHEAL
Copnnx nayunmx 1pyon
(3nex1ponnan nepcnn)
Bmnycx 40

Mocxna 2012

COEPXAHHE

- y.iuee I.H. Pont cnneprernxn n ]opmnponannn nonoro mtmnennx.
- Hpaeoueee B.d. 3epxana n nn]opmannonnte rexnonornn nonoro noxonennx.
- Iopoamix B.H., Caee.iee I.4., Caee.iee I.C., Tpeuu.oea O.B. Mnxponenronnte
nccneonannx xocmocnnmxon Bcenenno.
- Taoauaroe A.I. Hccneonanne rpynra c mecra nocaxn HHO.
- Cyooomuu H.B. Karacrpo]t HHO.
- Co:ra B.B. Ha nyrn x cosannm enno reopnn HHO.
- Marapoea T.B. Perpeccnnnt rpanc xax nepcnexrnnnt mero y]onornuecxnx
nccneonann.
- Hapxo+oe A.I. Bosmoxnte npoxnnennx mnxpocxonnuecxnx uepntx tp na semne n n
oxonosemnom npocrpancrne.

Hs apxnna xypnana "Kaneocxon HHO":
- Marepnx nnn cosnanne? Hpnna Hepycannmona.
- Monnrna - neunr, mar - xaneunr. Mnxann Fypnemnn.
- Hosnonnn ymepmn Mnxann Fypnemnn.
- Pamon Hox ntxonr na cnxst. Banenrnn Hcanommnxon.
- HHO n mnnnnnx. Banenrnn Hcanommnxon.
- Conercxax apmnx npornn HHO. Bnxrop Fymarnn.
- Cnyxnnn na paxerunxa. Anexcanp Bonoen.
- Onn ncnntnamr nnont. Anexcanp Bonoen.
- Knanme nnonnanerxn. Mapnna Hnxnrnna.
- 3anpemennte nnpamnt Knrax. Iannna Cnnena.

Btnycxn copnnxa ]opmnpymrcx no mepe nocrynnennx nn]opmannn.


Anropt necyr ornercrnennocrt sa coepxanne crartn n sa cam ]axr ee nynnxannn.
Peaxnnx copnnxa ne necer ornercrnennocrn sa nosmoxnt ymep, ntsnannt nynnxanne
crartn.

Apec nx saxnox na nynnxannm: tonnl-ufo@yandex.ru

1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH



I.H. yuouee

POAL CHHEPIETHKH B mOPMHPOBAHHH HOBOIO MLmAEHHH

1. Coc1onnne, nayxn na nopore XXI nexa

Vcnexn nayxn n xonne n, npnnenn x mnpy, n xoropom nanntcmnm rpnym]om
cunraercx aromnax +neprernxa, xocmnuecxax n paxernax rexnnxa, xnepnernxa, nasep,
xomntmrept, uyeca conpemenno xnmnn n axrepnonornn... H n roxe npemx +ror mnp nx
uenonexa oepnyncx xommapom, r.x. on pasopan na uacrn nonnrnxo n neonorne, xnner no
yrposo +xonornuecxoro xpnsnca. Henonex n +rom mnpe +ro xaxax-ro nonornuecxax mamnna,
npnnonmax n nnxenne nncrnnxrnnntmn nnrepecamn snepnno npnpot. Houepxnnaercx
nnnnnyannsm, +roncrnunocrt, xonxypenrnocrt, ntxnnanne nanonee npncnoconenntx. B
+rom mnpe ner nonnnnoro npnsnannx ntcmnx nennocre yxonno npoyxennocrn, uyncrna
nmnn, crpemnennx x cnpanennnocrn, +crernuecxo norpenocrn. Horepxna rapmonnx
uenonexa n npnpot, xoropax npncyrcrnonana n ontre pennnx nnnnnnsann. Tax npnmepno
oxapaxrepnsonan nrorn name nnnnnnsannn amepnxancxn ncnxonor C. Ipo] n cnoe xnnre 1.

2. Hayxa n pennrnn, nx xonqnnx1 n cnn1es

B pennocrn npecrannenne o uenonexe tno onee sopontm n onee nosntmenntm,
uem name. Mt pasponnn nocnnranne rena, yma n ymn. Hamn ecrecrnennte nayxn ocrnrnn
ontmo ntcort n n ro xe npemx conepmenno yrparnnn uenoneuecxym ymy n ee nosecrnne
na oxpyxammee. Pennrnx nepecrana yonnernopxrt rpeonannxm pasyma; mennnna ne xouer
snart nn o yme, nn o yxe uenonexa. pennn mnp ne onycxan, urot +rn nonxrnx
pasenxnnct. Bo ncex onacrxx nm npnnnmanact rponax npnpoa uenonexa reno, ym, yma.
Henonexy cnocrnenno saanart nonpoct Kax?, 3auem?, Houemy?. 3a nepnt
nonpoc ornercrnenna nayxa, n on noaercx nsyuennm, nropo npeporarnna nept. Mero
nayxn +xcnepnmenr, ee saaua perncrpnponart nonte ]axrt n crponrt moenn,
nosnonxmmne oxcnnrt +rn ]axrt.
Mero pennrnn ocnonan na orxponennn, nponcrexammem nenocpecrnenno ns Btcmero
cosnannx nnn or onee ntcoxnx Cymnocre. Ocnonnte ormt pennrnn onxnt
nocnpnnnmartcx na nepy. B nepax pennrnosntx yuenn paspaartnannct ne ouent naxnte
nponemt: mopantnt xoexc n +sorepnuecxne snannx.
Bosmoxno orentno paccmorpert n ]nnoco]nm. Ecnn nayxa asnpyercx na ontrntx
]axrax, ro ]nnoco]nx onepnpyer c nonxrnxmn. Mero ]nnoco]nn pasmtmnenne, nornxa,
ananns n cnnres. 3ror noxo xapaxrepen n nx nayxn, no+romy ecrecrnenno, uro n nepax
]nnoco]nn sapoxannct mnorne nayxn n cama reopnx nosnannx.
Hcxyccrno cnxsano c +monnonantno c]epo, ononnxer pyrne nyrn nosnannx n nnxe
no meroonornn x pennrnn. B ncxyccrne rpomanym pont nrpaer +monnonantnoe nauano,
nosnonxmmee nponnxnyrt n nensnecrnoe, xora eccosnarentno nccneonarent oxnartnaer
ecxoneunoe mnoxecrno ]axron n yratnaer npannntnoe pemenne [2].
2
Moxno npnnecrn mnoro npnmepon ncnontsonannx n nayxe nocrynaron, ocnonanntx na
nepe, nnn nnesannoro osapennx npn pemennn xaxo-nno saaun. Hntmn cnonamn, merot
pennrnn n nayxn nsanmno nponnxamr pyr n pyra.
Hpnneennt ananns meroon, ncnontsyemtx n nocrpoennn xaprnnt mnpa noxastnaer,
uro pemenne +ro saaun moxno nonyunrt npn xomnnnponannom noxoe, ncnontsyx merot
nayxn, pennrnn n ncxyccrna.
Kaprnna mnpa nnn mnpononnmanne nxnmuaer n cex npecrannenne o uenoneuecxo
npnpoe, mecre uenonexa no Bcenenno n cmtcne ero cymecrnonannx. Hmenno no+romy ona
nayxa ne n cocroxnnn trt enncrnenntm n axe rnanntm ncrounnxom npn nocrpoennn
xaprnnt mnpa. B nosnanannn mnpa naxen rapmonnunt noxo, xoropt tn yrepxn npn
pasnnrnn enponecxo nayxn n VII nexax.
B xonne I nexa ]pannyscxn ]nnoco] 3. Bmpe ormeuan yrepm +ro rapmonnn n rax
oxapaxrepnsonan xon]nnxr nayxn n pennrnn: Ho c rex nop xax nepxont, necnoconax
samnrnrt cnon ocnonnte ormart or nospaxenn nayxn, sanepnact n nnx cnonno n remnnne es
oxon, npornnonocrannxx pasymy nepy.., c rex nop xax nayxa, ontxnennax cnonmn orxptrnxmn n
mnpe ]nsnuecxom.., c rex nop xax ]nnoco]nx, cnrax c ronxy n eccnntno sacrpxnmax mexy
nayxo n pennrne rnyoxn pasna noxnnncx n yme omecrna n n yme orentntx nme...
Pennrnx orneuaer na sanpoct cepna, orcma ee mncrnuecxax cnna, nayxa na sanpoct
yma, orcma ee nenpensoennax momt. Ho npomno yxe mnoro npemenn c rex nop, xax +rn ne
cnnt nepecrann nonnmart pyr pyra.
Pennrnx es oxasarentcrna n nayxa es naext croxr pyr npornn pyra, neonepunno
n npaxeno, eccnntnte noenrt ona pyrym [3].
K xonny nexa +ro nonoxenne npaxrnuecxn ne nsmennnoct, no na nopore I nexa
mnornm nmxm pasntx npo]eccn, n rom uncne n yuentm xcno, uro cnnres nayxn, pennrnn,
ncxyccrna nensexen.

3. Cnnepre1nxa nayxa o ynnnepcantnou +nonmnnonnsue

B ]opmnponannn nonoro mtmnennx n I nexe ontmym pont onxna ctrpart
cnneprernxa.
Hpn cosannn xaprnnt mnpa nosnnxaer neoxonmocrt onnpartcx na nayunte
ncnnnnnnt nnrerpantnoro xapaxrepa. Hocnenne onxnt oxnartnart oexrt n cyexrt
xocnoro (]nsnuecxoro), xnnoro (nonornuecxoro) mnpon n connyma. B noctmnecxrtx roax
namero nexa nosnnxna raxax nayxa, xoropax nonyunna nasnanne CHHEPIETHKA, uro n
nepenoe c rpeuecxoro osnauaer conuec1noe xoonepa1nnnoe enc1nne. 3ra nayxa nocnr
nnrerpnpymmn xapaxrep, oennxx omnmn saxonamn pasnte onacrn nayx: ]nsnxy, xnmnm,
nonornm, ncnxonornm, connantnte nayxn, acrponomnm, ]nnoco]nm n r.. B uacrnocrn,
cnneprernxa nnepnte c]opmynnponana ynnnepcantnte saxont +nonmnnn, cnpanennnte xax
nx ]nsnuecxoro (xocnoro), rax n nx nonornuecxoro (xnnoro) mnpon n connyma. Cnneprernxy
moxno onpeennrt no pasnomy, nanpnmep:
- nayxa o camooprannsannn ]nsnuecxnx, nonornuecxnx n connantntx cncrem;
- nayxa o neycrounntx cocroxnnxx, npemecrnymmnx xaracrpo]e n nx antneme
+nonmnnn (reopnx xaracrpo]);
- nayxa o ynnnepcantntx saxonax +nonmnnn Hpnpot.
Paccmorpnm, xax cmorpena nayxa I nexa n nepno nononnnt nexa na +rn
nponemt.
Kocnt mnp +nonmnnonnponan cornacno nropomy nauany repmonnamnxn, r.e. ero
pasnnrne conponoxanoct pocrom +nrponnn, uro npnnonno x ntpannnnannm ncex rpanenron
3
n Hpnpoe. Hntmn cnonamn, ntpannnnannct remneparypt, annennx, +neprnn n r.., n xocnt
mnp neoparnmo cneonan x cocroxnnm pannonecnx, x cepomy, onoponomy xaocy.
Ontr noxastnaer, uro pasnnrne xnnoro mnpa nounnxercx npxmo npornnononoxntm
saxonam, a nmenno: +nrponnx moxer naart, uro npnnonr x pocry nopxxa, pasnoopasnx
]opm, nenpeptnnomy ooramennm xnnoro mnpa. Bce, uem ornnuaercx xnno mnp or ceporo,
onoponoro xaoca nosnnxno n cymecrnyer ns-sa naennx, orroxa +nrponnn n oxpyxammym
cpey nnn orpnnarentno +nrponnn. Em nnraercx nce xnnoe n nce cosannoe xnsntm, a snaunr
nayxa n ncxyccrno [4].
Fontmax nexcnocrt cymecrnyer no nsrnxax na +nonmnnm connyma, nanason xoropo
cnnmxom nennx: or ]arantno rnenn connyma o ero conepmencrna n cnnxnnx c oxecrnenno
cymnocrtm. Ecrecrnenno npenonoxnrt, uro n enno Hpnpoe onxnt conmartcx ennte
saxont +nonmnnn. Cnneprernxa ntraercx c]opmynnponart +rn saxont. Hnxe yer n resncno
]opme c]opmynnponana xaprnna mnpa, ocnonannax na npnnnnnax cnneprernxn.

4. 3unnpnuecxne oomennn

Axaemnxom B.H. Bepnacxnm tn nneen repmnn +mnnpnuecxoe oomenne (3O).
3rnm repmnnom npnnxro nastnart nexoropoe yrnepxenne, ne npornnopeuamee namemy
ontry 5. B ocnone cnneprernxn, xax samernn axaemnx H.H. Monceen, nexnr nexoropoe
xonnuecrno +mnnpnuecxnx oomenn, nepeuncnnm ocnonnte ns nnx [6].

3O-1: Bce.euua npeocmae.em cooo eouuym ca+opaseueamuymc cucme+y. 3ro
yrnepxenne nosnonxer nnrepnpernponart nce nponecct pasnnrnx n xauecrne cocrannxmmnx
ennoro mnponoro +nonmnnonnoro nponecca Cynepcncremt Bcenennax.
3O-2: B nponeccax pasnnrnx Bcenenno npucymcmeymm c.y:auie qarmopi u
npoecci npomeramm e yc.oeux ueromopoeo ypoeu ueonpeoe.euuocmu. Croxacrnunocrt
nponnstnaer nce +raxn oprannsannn mnpa. Hpnxonrcx nocrynnponart orcyrcrnne
roxecrnenno nporexammnx nponeccon. Hnmt noxoxecrt, nnsocrt, no ne roxecrnennocrt.
Bo Bcenenno cymecrnyer uac.eocmeeuuocmi, nacroxmee n yymee sanncxr or
npomnoro, no ne onpeenxmrcx nm.
3O-4: B mnpe nnacrnymr saxont, xnnxmmnecx npuuuna+u omoopa. Onn ntenxmr ns
nosmoxntx nnpryantntx cocroxnn nexoropoe mnoxecrno onycrnmtx.
3mnnpnuecxne oomennx 3O-2, 3O-3 n 3O-4 no cymecrny connaamr c apnnnoncxo
rpnao: nsmenunnocrt, nacnecrnennocrt, orop. 3ro nosnonxer ncnontsonart repmnn
oeo.muouus+ n cnneprernxe.
3O-5: Hpnnnnnt oropa onycxamr cyuecmeoeauue ouqyprauouuix cocmouu, n
xoroptx nenosmoxno npecxasart nyrt antneme +nonmnnn, r.x. nonoe pycno
+nonmnnonnoro pasnnrnx n snaunrentno crenenn onpeenxrcx nexonrponnpyemtmn
]axropamn n rouxe n]ypxannn.
apnnnoncxax +nonmnnx npenonaraer nnannoe, nourn npecxasyemoe pasnnrne
nponecca. Honmn nsrnn na +nonmnnm n xocnou, annou n connantnou unpax o1nnuae1cn
o1 apnnncxoro yue1ou c1oxac1nxn, neonpeenennoc1n, nqypxannonnmx uexannsuon.

Hpnneennte nocrynart npnront nx onncannx nmtx nponeccon, nporexammnx na
ncex yponnxx oprannsannn marepnn.
Henonex ecrt uacrt enno cncremt, n nx nero raxxe ecrnymr npecrannennte
+mnnpnuecxne oomennx. Hanmarent cyexrnnno nocnpnnnmaer mnp, n n xaprnne mnpa,
xoropym on pncyer, nensexno npncyrcrnyer neonpeenennocrt n +nemenr cyexrnnnocrn.
Henonex nsyuaer mnp ne nsnne, a nsnyrpn, r.e. ero npecrannenne o mnpe xnnxercx
4
npecrannennem uacrn o crpyxrype nenoro. Hmenno orcma nosnnxamr cnoxnocrn n
]ynxnnonnponannn omecrnennoro cosnannx.

Hs paccmorpenntx ntme +mnnpnuecxnx oomenn cneyer pn naanmx cnec1nnn.
- Hs croxacrnunocrn mnpa cneyer ueoopamu+ocmi oeo.muu u epe+euu, r.e.
nepoxrnocrt nonropennx xaxoro-nno npomnoro cocroxnnx panna nynm.
- Croxacrnxa n n]ypxannx npnnoxr n nponecce +nonmnnn x uenpepieuo+y pocmy
pasuooopasu u c.oruocmu qop+. Kaxercx, uro Hpnpoa aer nosmoxnocrt npoxnnrtcx
xaxnm-ro nontm ]opmam oprannsannn.
- B nponecce camooprannsannn nenpeptnno nponcxonr paspymenne rex nnn nntx
cymecrnymmnx crpyxryp, ammnx marepnan nx nosnnxnonennx nontx. Hponcxonr
sa+eueuue +euee cmaou.iuix oo.ee cmaou.iui+u cmpyrmypa+u, onee npncnoconenntmn x
anno xonxperno ocranonxe. 3axpennenne nontx ]opm oprannsannn nponcxonr
ncnecrnne nx xonxypennnn, r.e. oropa no mnoxecrny pasnnuntx xpnrepnen. B +rom cocronr
ror ynnnepcantnt mexannsm ptnxa, xoropt peannsyercx n omecrne.
- Omn +nonmnnonnt nponecc xax nponecc camooprannsannn, necmorpx na ero
crnxnnocrt, onaaer onpeenenno uanpae.euuocmim: ner pocr pasnoopasntx ]opm,
cnoxnocrn crpyxryp. 3ro yrnepxenne coxpanxer cnny nx nmtx oexron mnpa n n rom
uncne nx omecrnennoro pasnnrnx.

5. Mnp nnnennmn n nennnennmn

Ocnonnte pesyntrart n enponecxo nayxe tnn nonyuent nx cncrem, naxoxmnxcx n
ycnonnxx, nnsxnx x pannonecnm. Taxne cncremt onosnauno pearnpymr na cnntnte
nosmymennx, nosnparxct x cocroxnnm pannonecnx. Hacrnnt n raxnx cncremax
nsanmoecrnymr na nnsxnx paccroxnnxx n nnxax ne cnxsant c yanenntmn uacrnnamn.
Cranonnenne n pasnnrne maremarnuecxoro annapara tno npncnoconeno nx ocnyxnnannx
cncrem, +nonmnnx xoroptx nponcxonr onontno cnoxono.
Mt xnnem n mnpe neycrounnocrn n neoparnmocrn, n mnpe +nonmnnn n xaracrpo], re
pasnnrne n paspymenne nyr pxom.
Ho ecnn raxym cncremy cnntno yannrt or cocroxnnx pannonecnx, npn omene ee c
oxpyxamme cpeo +neprne, nemecrnom n nn]opmanne (orxptrax cncrema), nonoxenne
xapnnantno menxercx mt npnxonm n nno mnp. Tam rocnocrnyer neycrounnocrt,
manemne ]nyxryannn ne racxrcx, a naunnamr pacrn, opasyx nonte crpyxrypt, nosmoxna
nepecrpoxa nce cncremt n ee noneennx, r.e. cnenapnn +nonmnnn, cranonxrcx
neonosnauntmn. B raxnx cncremax nosmoxnt cornaconannx, xora uacrnnt xax t
ycranannnnamr cnxst pyr c pyrom na ontmnx paccroxnnxx, snaunrentno npentmammnx
nnnxnne mexmonexynxpntx nsanmoecrnn.
Taxoe xooneparnnnoe cornaconannoe noneenne moxno ncrpernrt n cncremax,
opasonanntx ns monexyn, xnerox, neponon, connantntx rpynn n r.. 3ro npnnonr x
opasonannm ntcoxoynopxouenntx crpyxryp ns sapotme, naxoxmnxcx n xaornuecxom
cocroxnnn. Hccneonanne nponeccon +nonmnnn, npnnoxmnx x raxomy cocroxnnm, npononrcx
n cnneprernxe.
Ocranonnmcx na repmnne cncrema, n xoropt moxno nnoxnrt pasnt cmtcn. Hpnneem
ero onpeenenne, annoe ntammnmcx pyccxnm ]nsnonorom H.K. Anoxnntm: CHCTEMOH
moxno nasnart rontxo raxo xomnnexc... xomnonenron, y xoroptx nsanmnoe ecrnne n
nsanmoornomenne npnnnmamr xapaxrep nsanmocoecrnnx xomnonenron na nonyuenne...
nonesnoro pesyntrara. Hntmn cnonamn, n +rom onpeenennn sanoxeno cnocrno
5
cnneprernunocrn +nemenron. Ocranonnmcx na nexoroptx nectma nneuarnxmmnx nmnoax n
y1nepaennnx cnnepre1nxn.
B ontmnncrne nayx nce nnnxnnx oxpyxammero nac mnpa npnnxro pasenxrt na
erepmnnnponannte n cnyuante nponecct. 3ro moxno ncrpernrt n n raxo xnaccnuecxo
nayxe xax mexannxa, n n raxnx conpemenntx xax xnepnernxa, panorexnnxa, nn]opmarnxa.
Hpn +rom ntnnranoct raxoe oocnonanne: croxacrnuecxn xapaxrep nponeccon oxcnxercx
orpomntm uncnom +nemenron cncremt n nx mnorouncnenntmn crenenxmn cnoot
(mnoromepnocrtm). Onaxo oxasanoct, uro axe noneenne ono uacrnnt, onnctnaemo
saxonamn mexannxn Htmrona, moxer oxasartcx neonpeenenntm. Heanno tno noxasano, uro
nectma npocrte erepmnnnponannte cncremt nnsxo pasmepnocrn ( = 3) npnnynrentno
moryr nmert cymecrnenno cnyuante croxacrnuecxne nnxennx es xaxnx-nno nnemnnx
nnnxnn. 3ro xnnnoct cencanne n nayunom mnpe n cymecrnenno menxer nsrnx na +nonmnnm n
Hpnpoe.
B cnneprernxe ecrt ouent mnoro nepemenntx nponem, ona naxonrcx n cocroxnnn
nnrencnnnoro pasnnrnx. I.aeui eieoo cuuepeemuru e mo+, :mo eouucmeo +upa mpeoyem u
eouucmea uayru, ooeouueuu ue mo.iro pas.u:uix eemee ecmecmeosuauu, uo u
ey+auumapuo cqepi. B conpemennom ecrecrnosnannn nponcxoxr nnrencnnnte nponecct
rymannsannn, mnorne cnennanncrt-ecrecrnennnxn nce onee sannmamrcx omecrnoneennem,
uro nosmoxno npnneer x noxnnennm nono napanrmt. Ho n n rymannrapntx nayxax nce
onee npnnnmaercx nornxa ecrecrnenntx nayx. Hoxnnenne cnneprernxn n ee cnnresnpymmn
xapaxrep, oennxmmn mnorne orpacnn snann, xax t npennen n Arnn Hore: B mxonax
onxen trt nneen npemer cnnres nayxn. Hs nero yuamnecx ycmorpxr, xax recno cnxsant
mnorne orpacnn nosnannx... Onn nomyr, uro xaxt yuent conpnxacaercx c nentm pxom
nayuntx onacre 7. Ho-nnnmomy, n I nexe nosnnxner nonax mera-nayxa, oennxmmax
rymannrapnte n ecrecrnonayunte snannx. Hayxa o coxpanennn nnnnnnsannn nme na
Hnanere, nayxa o pasnnrnn Henonexa n coxpanennn ncero xnnoro.

An1epa1ypa:

1. Ipo] C. 3a npeenamn mosra. Hs. Tpancnepconantnoro nncrnryra, 1993, 497 c.
2. Bynt A.C. Ocnont +nnonornn. In. 1: Hpocrpancrno-npemx, M.: PHO rasert Hosnnnx,
1993, 47 c.
3. Bmpe 3. Bennxne nocnxmennte. Bropoe nsanne, M.: Knnra-Hpnnrmon, 1990, 490 c.
4. Bontxenmren 3nrponnx n nn]opmannx, M.: Hayxa, 1986, 191 c.
5. Bepnacxn B.H. Pasmtmnennx narypanncra: Hayunax mtcnt xax nnanerapnoe xnnenne, M.:
Hayxa, 1977. Kn. 2, 191 c.
6. Monceen H.H. Conpemennt pannonannsm, M.: MIBH KOKC, 1995, 376 c.
7. Arnn Hora. Fparcrno, M.: Pyccxn yxonnt nenrp, 1992, 331 c.

O an1ope: I.H. yuouee, sacn. exrent nayxn n rexnnxn Pu, Axaemnx PAEH, oxrop
rexnnuecxnx nayx, npo]eccop C.-Herepyprcxoro Iocyapcrnennoro Hncrnryra Touno
Mexannxn n Onrnxn (rexnnuecxn ynnnepcnrer).

Hc1ounnx: Xypnan Mnp Ornennt, 3/97.
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH



B.H. Iopammx, I.0. Caeeuoee, I.C. Caeeuoee, O.B. 1peuuuoea

MHKPOHEHTOHHIE HCCHEOBAHH KOCMOCHHMKOB BCEHEHHOH

Cymecrnonanne mnxponenronntx none nornepxaercx +xcnepnmenrom. Hacrnnamn
nocnrenxmn raxnx none xnnxmrcx mnxponenront. Hmn sanonnent nce cpet n xnnte
cncremt. Mnxponenronnte nonx onaamr pxom ocoennocre nsanmoecrnnx c nemecrnom,
+nexrpomarnnrntmn nonxmn n xnntmn cncremamn.
Teopernuecxne n +xcnepnmenrantnte nccneonannx n anno onacrn panee
npononnnct H. Tecna, H.H. Kannne, A.u. Oxarpnntm, A.K. Ienopxontm, I.u. Canententm,
I.C. Hxnnntm, n pxom pyrnx nccneonarene [122].
Ocnonnte xonnennnn mnxponenronno reopnn n cnocrn mnxponenronon npnneent
A.u. Oxarpnntm n crarte Mnxpoxnacrept n cnepxnerxne uacrnnt n n crarte A.u. Oxarpnna
n B.R. Taryp n c. Henepnonuecxne tcrpo nporexammne xnnennx n oxpyxamme
cpee [8, 9].
Orcyrcrnne +nexrpnuecxoro sapxa y mnxponenrona nornepxeno panee na pasnnuntx
ycranonxax H.H. Kannne, A.u. Oxarpnntm, I.C. Hxnnntm, A.K. Ienopxontm n npnnenn x
repmnny nerpantnte uacrnnt.
Hannune marnnrnoro momenra nccneonanoct B.H. Ftxontm, I.u. Canententm n
O.B. Tpemnnono [111| n rocyapcrnennom nayunom nenrpe Hnrep]nsnxa
Mnnopasonannx Pu.
B ocnone mnxponenronno rexnonornn nexnr ]ynamenrantnt ]axr, uro nce
]nsnuecxne oexrt noono +nexrpomarnnrnomy nonm, nmemr cocrnennte
mnxponenronnte nonx, nosnnxammne npn nsanmoecrnnn nerxnx +nemenrapntx uacrnn
mnxponenronon.
Bce ]nsnuecxne oexrt onaamr cocrnenntmn mnxponenronntmn nonxmn, rax xe,
xax n nce ]nsnuecxne oexrt, onaamr rpannrannonntmn n +nexrpomarnnrntmn nonxmn.
Anropt paspaorann mero, nosnonxmmn na ocnone cnocrn mnxponenronon
ocymecrnnrt ]ororpa]nponanne nennnmo uacrn nsopaxennx n ynennuennx paspemamme
cnoconocrn ]oromerpnuecxo annaparypt n mnnnnont pas. Pesyntrart nsmepenn
ocymecrnnenntx +rnm meroom npnneent n anno paore.
Hpocrpancrnennoe pacnpeenenne nnrencnnnocrn cocrnenntx mnxponenronntx none
]nsnuecxnx ren onpeenxercx ne rontxo nx xnmnuecxnm cocranom, pacnpeenennem
xnmnuecxnx +nemenron n oeme ren, ]opmo ren, no n xapaxrepnsyercx cnexrpom
npocrpancrnenntx uacror. Orcma, npn onpeenenntx ycnonnxx orxptnaercx nosmoxnocrt
sannctnart na pasnnunte nocnrenn npexe ncero na ]oronnenxy n n namxrt
]oroannaparon (otuntx, nn]pontx, xocmnuecxnx n p.) cocrnennte mnxponenronnte
nonx n nsnyuennx nemecrn.
Hpn ]ororpa]nponannn oexra na cnnmox nonaaer n perncrpnpyercx ne rontxo
nnnmoe nsopaxenne, no n nennnmoe mnxponenronnoe nsnyuenne pasnnuntx oexron na
nonepxnocrn n nnyrpn.
Peut ner ne rontxo o nennnmom, no n nnnmom nsopaxennn.
Hs xopomo nsyuenntx npecrannenn +nexrpomarnnrnoe nsnyuenne nmeer cnexrp xax
nnnmt (nocnpnnnmaemt xnntm rnasom ), rax n nennnmt perncrpnpyemt pasnnuntmn
npnopamn. (nn]paxpacnt cner, yntrpa]noneront, penrrenoncxn n p.)
Mnxponenronnt cner, raxxe nmeer ocrarouno mnpoxn nanason uacror.
2
B nponecce cnennantno opaorxn +ro nennnmoe mnxponenronnoe nsopaxenne
]nntrpyercx cnennantntm mnxponenronntm ]nntrpom n nepenonrcx n onrnuecxn nanason,
r.e. cranonnrtcx nnnmtm. Cymecrnyer mnoro cnocoon npenpamennx nennnmoro n nnnmoe.
Hanpnmep, npocmorp n nerarnne, nonxpnsannx cnera, sarenenne nennnmoro, oxpamnnanne
nennnmoro n p. Paspaorant cnennantnte mnxponenronnte ]nntrpt nx onpeenennx
mecronaxoxennx ne]rn, not, sonora, panoaxrnnntx nemecrn, a raxxe pasnnuntx nnon
nsnyuennx (yntrpa]noneronoro, xecrxoro n mxrxoro penrrenoncxoro nsnyuennx n p.).
Hpnnnmax xonnennnm mnxponenrona, paspaoran mero perncrpannn mnxponenronntx
none, nosnonxmmn na ocnone cnocrn mnxponenronon +xcnepnmenrantno ocymecrnnxrt
]oroperncrpannm nennnmo uacrn nsopaxennx.
Paspemammax cnoconocrt n coornercrnenno uyncrnnrentnocrt ]oromerpnuecxo
annaparypt oparno nponopnnonantna nnne nonnt perncrpnpyemoro mnxponenronnoro
cnera, uro no cpannennm c nnnmtm +nexrpomarnnrntm cnerom ntme n mnnnnont pas.
Pemena saaua opamennx nennnmoro cnexrpa n nnnmoe nsopaxenne.
B 002006 rr. n naoparopnn mnxponenronntx nccneonann nponeen px
+xcnepnmenron no perncrpannn n onapyxennm mnxponenronntx none, nosnnxammnx n pxe
]nsnuecxnx nponeccon, (xnnenne, xannrannx, cynnmannx, u- nsnyuenne, - nsnyuenne, -
nsnyuenne, n0 -nsnyuenne, yntrpa]noneronoe nsnyuenne, yapnte, pasptnnte nanpxxennx,
nanpxxennx n rpemnnax nsnomax n p.). Xapaxrepntm nx +rnx nponeccon xnnxercx
ntcnooxenne mnxponenronon, nx ntpoc n opasonannm mnxponenrontx none [1222].
Ananns perncrpannn +rnx none nosnonxer nccneonart ]nsnuecxym xaprnny
pasnnuntx nponeccon n xnnenn marepnantnoro mnpa n nonentx xapaxrepncrnx nsyuaemtx
xnnenn.
Ha ocnone anntx nonyuenntx npn perncrpannn n nsmepennn cnocrn
mnxponenronntx none onpeenen cnexrp saau pemaemtx c ncnontsonannem cnocrn
mnxponenronon:
perncrpannx nsnecrntx ]nsnuecxnx none n nx nsanmoecrnn;
mnxponenronnax cnexrpomerpnx;
onapyxenne anomantntx son npnponoro n rexnorennoro nponcxoxennx;
noncx n onpeenenne pasnnuntx nemecrn n nx coennenn npn pemennn saau
reonoropasnexn c nomomtm nmemmnxcx meroon perncrpannn mnxponenronntx none n nx
nsanmoecrnnx;
npornosnponanne npnpontx xaraxnnsmon (semnerpxcenn, nsptnon nanonenn,
nsnepxennx nynxanon);
rpancmyrannx onnx nemecrn n nx coennenn n pyrne na ocnone +xonornuecxn
uncrtx rexnonorn n nonyuennx cranntnoro cocroxnnx nemecrna (nonyuenne nemecrna c
saanntmn cnocrnamn, cranntntx nsoronon n p.);
nsmenenne ]nsnuecxnx, xnmnuecxnx, mexannuecxnx cnocrn marepnanon;
pyrne npnmenennx.
Mnxponenronnax rexnonornx yxe ncnontsyercx xax mero ncrannnonnoro
sonnponannx 3emnn n xnnxercx rexnonorne noncxa mecropoxenn nonesntx ncxonaemtx,
raxnx xax ne]rt, ras, noa, merannt, anmast, n pyrnx no nx cocrnennomy mnxponenronnomy
nsnyuennm.
Ocot nnrepec npecrannxer nccneonanne xocmocnnmxon yuacrxon Bcenenno
nonyuenntx na renecxonax, pacnonoxenntx na xocmnuecxnx crannnxx. Hpn nonyuennn raxnx
cnnmxon orcyrcrnymr nomexn, nosnnxammne npn cemxax na semne. Orcyrcrnne armoc]ept,
onaxon, ntnn, nnarn n p.

3


Pnc. 1. Cnnmox yuacrxa Bcenenno n renecxone xocmnuecxo acrponomnuecxo
ocepnaropnn

Ha pnc. 1 npnneen xocmocnnmox nccneyemoro yuacrxa. Cnnmox cenan na
xocmnuecxom renecxone Xan. Ha cnnmxe nsopaxeno cxonnenne ranaxrnx, nsnecrnoe xax
Aenn18, xoropoe pacnonoxeno n cenepnom cosnesnn paxona.
Xapaxrepno, uro onrnuecxne ycrpocrna na cnnmxax perncrpnpymr xax
+nexrpomarnnrnoe, rax mnxponenronnoe nsnyuenne. B cnxsn c +rnm nponeen +xcnepnmenr na
cpannenne cxopocrn pacnpocrpanennx, xax +nexrpomarnnrnoro nsnyuennx (+nexrpomarnnrnoro
cnera), rax n mnxponenronnoro nsnyuennx (mnxponenronnoro cnera)
Hs cnnmxa na pnc. 1 nnno, uro xaxax ranaxrnxa nsnyuaer xax +nexrpomarnnrnt
cner, perncrpnpyemt na cnnmxe, rax n eme ono nsopaxenne ro xe ranaxrnxn n
mnxponenronnom cnere. Ho nponeenntm npnnnxenntm pacueram pasnnna mexy
nsopaxennxmn nacunrtnaer ecxrxn, a ro n onee mnnnnonon cnerontx ner. B cnxsn c +rnm
xaxercx comnnrentntm yrnepxenne o cymecrnonannn nontx snes. anee mt npnneem
px cnnmxon pasnnuntx ranaxrnx. Ha ncex cnnmxax ouent uerxo ntpaxent napnte
nsopaxennx snes n ranaxrnx.
axe nonepxnocrnoe paccmorpenne cnnmxa aer ocnonanne cenart ntno o crpyxrype
+nemenron, nxoxmnx n pasnte Ianaxrnxn. Ha cnnmxax nnno, raxxe nnnmoe
mnxponenronnoe nsopaxenne. Hponepxa noxasana, uro cnexrp mnxponenronnoro cnera n
npnneenntx cnnmxax xapaxrepnsyercx onpeenenntmn uacroramn, xoropte n namem cnyuae
nnnmt nenoopyxenntm rnasom (cm. pnc. ). Ecnn nocne nponepxn nsopaxennx na nannune
mnxponenronntx none oxastnaercx, uro nnnmoe mnxponenronnoe nsopaxenne aer
ontme nn]opmannn o mnxponenronnom none, ro ecrecrnenno ananns +ro nn]opmannn nyxno
npononrt na nnnmom nsopaxennn, no c oxsarentntm mnxponenronntm xonrponem.

4

Pnc. . Cnnmox ncenenno nocne opaorxn mnxponenronntm meroom

Ha pnc. npnneeno mnxponenronnoe nsopaxenne Bcenenno, nsnneuennoro ns
]ororpa]nn, cenanno n renecxone ocepnaropnn.
Ananns nn]opmannn coepxamecx na xocmocnnmxe aer nosmoxnocrt c
ncnontsonannem mnxponenronntx meroon ntennrt na ]ororpa]nn ]parmenrt, ammne
nnrepecnym nn]opmannm o crpyxrype Ianaxrnx n npocrpancrna mexy nnmn.
Mnxponenronnax ]ororpa]nx perncrpnpyer nannune mexy Ianaxrnxamn ocrarouno
nnornoro nemecrna oxnmammero Ianaxrnxn. 3ro aer ocnonanne cunrart, uro nnornocrt
Ianaxrnx snaunrentno nnxe, uem oxpyxammero nx npocrpancrna. Moxno raxxe c
ocrarouno rounocrtm onpeennrt rpannnt Ianaxrnx n nexoroptx cncrem, nxoxmnx n nnx
onpeennrt rpaexropnm nepememennx n npamennx nsyuaemtx oexron.
Vunrtnax nnornocrt mexranaxrnuecxoro npocrpancrna moxno npenonoxnrt, uro
xocmnuecxne nyremecrnnx na cymecrnymmnx ceronx xocmnuecxnx xopanxx sa npeent
Ianaxrnxn npocro ne peantnt, a raxne merot nepememennx xax renenoprannx ns ono
Ianaxrnxn n pyrym noxa nmemr npano na cymecrnonanne, xax meura na anexoe yymee.
3ro nornepxaer raxxe mnxponenronnoe nccneonanne ]parmenron ncenenno n nne
Ianaxrnx nnn nx nepecexammnxcx cxonnenn.
Pacuer, nponsneennt no cnnmxy na pnc. 1 noxastnaer, uro ononpemenno na cnnmox
nonano nsopaxenne cnera, xoropt ocrnr ]oroannapara sa nocemt mnnyr n nenanart
cexyn. Ononpemenno na cnnmxe nsopaxenne Connna, xoropoe sa +ro npemx nepemecrnnoct n
npocrpancrne.

5


Pnc. . uororpa]nx Connna c nsopaxennem n +nexrpomarnnrnom cnere, nanoxennax
na mnxponenronnt cnnmox ononpemenno.


Pnc. 4. Mnxponenronnoe nsopaxenne Connna n ero oxpyxennx

Cnnmox cenan c nomomtm ]oroannapara Canon EOS 400 c paspemennem
10 merannxcene n cyxym n xcnym noroy es onaxon n pyrnx nomex. Mnxponenronnoe
nsopaxenne orpaxaer cpey, n xoropo nnxercx Connne n conneunax cncrema. Moxno
cenart ntno, uro connne omtnaercx noroxom uacrnn nmemmnx nonnonym crpyxrypy. Ho
xapaxrepy xonen no saxonam onrnxn moxno onpeennrt napamerpt +roro noroxa uacrnn.
6

Pnc. 5. Kocmocnnmox nnanerapno rymannocrn Mensent


Pnc. 6. Kocmocnnmox cnepxaxrnnno Ianaxrnxn. Rxnoe cosnesne Hnpxynt

7
Ha cnnmxe mt onxrt nnnm nonte nsopaxennx n nnaner n snes, nonanmnx na
cnnmox. Cnnmox nosnonxer yrounnrt pasnnny n cxopocrn pacnpocrpanennx +nexrpomarnnrntx
n mnxponenronntx nonn.
nx nponepxn nonyuenntx pesyntraron nccneonannct pyrne cnnmxn, cenannte na
xocmnuecxnx crannnxx n renecxonax. Ha ncex cnnmxax nonropxmrcx nonte nsopaxennx
nornepxammne nannune mnxponenronnoro nsopaxennx n pacnpocrpanenne
mnxponenronnoro cnera.



Pnc. 7. Kocmocnnmox Ianaxrnxn NCC07 n Ianaxrnxn IC2163

Ha pncynxax 6, 7, 8 npecrannent ]parmenrt pasntx Ianaxrnx. Fonee rmarentnoe
nccneonanne n antnemee nsyuenne noneenne raxnx cncrem n nne enntx saxonon
Hpnpot nerue nsyuart, nanmax nx nsnne.
8

BIBOI

Xapaxrepno, uro onrnuecxne ycrpocrna na cnnmxax perncrpnpymr xax
+nexrpomarnnrnoe, rax mnxponenronnoe nsnyuenne. B cnxsn c +rnm nponeen +xcnepnmenr na
cpannenne cxopocrn pacnpocrpanennx, xax +nexrpomarnnrnoro nsnyuennx (+nexrpomarnnrnoro
cnera), rax n mnxponenronnoro nsnyuennx (mnxponenronnoro cnera)
Cxopocrt pacnpocrpanennx mnxponenronntx nonn snaunrentno n mnnnnont pas
npentmaer cxopocrt pacnpocrpanennx +nexrpomarnnrntx nonn.
Hornepxena nonnonax crpyxrypa noroxa uacrnn, omtnammnx Connne.
Ha cnnmxe Ianaxrnx n Connna saperncrpnponant, xax +nexrpomarnnrnoe nsopaxenne
snes n nnaner, rax eme ono nx nsopaxenne n mnxponenronnom cnere, nosnonxmmee
perncrpnponart nepememenne n npamenne nnaner n ranaxrnx n npocrpancrne.
Ha ncex cnnmxax ouent uerxo ntpaxent napnte nsopaxennx. B cnxsn c +rnm xaxercx
comnnrentntm yrnepxenne o cymecrnonannn nontx snes.
Marepnant nccneonann oxnatnannct na mexynaponom cnmnosnyme no
esonacnocrn xepno +neprernxn, ]nsnuecxom cemnnape n Honnrexnnuecxom mysee, Ho
pesyntraram reopernuecxnx n +xcnepnmenrantntx paor nmemrcx nynnxannn, anropcxne
cnnerentcrna n narenrt.
Merot ncnontsonannx mnxponenronntx nponeccon anponponant na peantntx
xonxperntx paorax no saxasam n oronopam pasnnuntx oprannsann n neomcrn (myprcxoe
mecropoxenne, MAH, M3H n p.)

An1epa1ypa

1. xopxn X., VuH, 198, r.16, n. . C. 17
2. Hanpenrten M., Iycen B. A n p. O perncrpannn ncrnnnoro nonoxennx connna. AH, 1990,
15, . C. 68.
3. Oxarpnn A.u., Maxpoxnacrept n cnepxnerxne uacrnnt. AH, 1989, 04, 4. C. 866.
4. Oxarpnn A.u., Taryp B.R., Mnxponenronnax xonnennnx. B c. Henepnonuecxne tcrpo
nporexammne xnnennx n oxpyxamme cpee. Hacrt 1. Tomcx, 1988, C. .
5. Canenten I.u., Canenten I.C, Tpemnnona O.B., Mnxponenronnax perncrpannx nonx
nsnyuennx Connna, Honnrexnnuecxn myse, 1415 max 004 r., M.
6. Canenten I.u., Canenten I.C, Tpemnnona O.B., Mnxponenronnte nccneonannx
xocmocnnmxon ncenenno oxna, Honnrexnnuecxn myse, 1415 max 004 r., M.
7. Iopartx B.H., Canenten I.u., Canenten I.C., Hpenoxennx no ncnontsonannm
mnxponenronntx meroon n noncxe nonesntx ncxonaemtx, monnropnnre xaracrpo],
perncrpannn ouaron npentx nemecrn, npornosnponannn ntxoa ns crpox onacntx
npomtmnenntx oexron n nnxnnannn npentx n panoaxrnnntx nemecrn na reppnropnn
Poccnn. oxna na mexynapono xon]epennnn no esonacnocrn aromno +neprernxn.
Farnnnman, 009 r.
8. Canenten I.u., Canenten I.C, Tpemnnona O.B., 3xcnepnmenrantnoe nornepxenne
cymecrnonannx +]npa oxna, Honnrexnnuecxn myse, 1415 max 004 r., M.

O an1opax: B.H. Iopammx, I.0. Caeeuoee, I.C. Caeeuoee, O.B. 1peuuuoea Mocxoncxn
+neprernuecxn nncrnryr (rexnnuecxn ynnnepcnrer), Poccncxax axaemnx menxo-
rexnnuecxnx nayx, Hannonantnax naoparopnx mnxponenronntx nccneonann.


1
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


1aauauoe A.I.

HCCAEOBAHHE IPYHTA C MECTA HOCAKH HAO

Hpnneent pesyntrart xnmnuecxoro anannsa rpynra c mecra nocaxn HHO n paccmarpnna-
ercx nosmoxnocrt nonyuennx +neprnn n pesyntrare rpancmyrannn +nemenron.


Cyuecmeymm mpu cmyneuu npusuauu uoeoeo.
1. Jmo aumuuay:uo.
2. Jmo ue ooocuoeauo.
3. Jmo oaeuo useecmuo.

Hecxontxo ner nasa anropy crartn tn nepean opasen rpynra c mecra nocaxn HHO n ny-
crtne Ktstnxym. Hpn ocmorpe ero tno ycranonneno, uro rpynr cocronr, n ocnonnom, ns nyx nn-
on uacrnn, pesxo ornnuammnxcx no ]opme. Ocnonnax macca rpynra (npnmepno 90) +ro xopomo
oxarannte sepna otunoro apxannoro xnapnenoro necxa n nesnaunrentnax uacrt (npnmepno 10)
+ro mapnxn npannntno reomerpnuecxo ]opmt namerpom oxono 0,6 mm.
Bnauane nanpamnnanoct npenonoxenne, uro, rax xax +ro rpynr c mecra nocaxn, ro +rn
mapnxn, nosmoxno, xnnxmrcx onnannenntmn sepnamn xnapnenoro necxa n pesyntrare cnntnoro
repmnuecxoro nosecrnnx na necox npn nsnere nnn npn nocaxe HHO.
Oropannte mapnxn tnn nepeant n xnmnuecxym naoparopnm, no npn +rom tna rnep-
ax ynepennocrt n rom, uro ananns nornepnr npenonoxenne o onnannenntx sepnax xnapnenoro
necxa. Ho, xaxono xe, tno ynnnenne, xora n nporoxone cnexrpantnoro anannsa oxasanoct, uro
ocnonntm nemecrnom mapnxon xnnxercx cepa. Pesyntrart xnmnuecxoro cocrana rpynra npecran-
nent n rannne.

Tannna

3nemenrt Coepxanne +nemenron,
B mapnxax B xnapnenom necxe
Cepa 73,2 0,0
Kantnn 24,0 0,3
Xeneso 2,2 1,2
Kann 0,6 0,0
Kpemnn 0,0 98,0

Hosnee tnn cenant ]orocnnmxn, xax mapnxon, rax n sepen xnapnenoro necxa.


Ha pncynxe 1 npecrannent sepna necxa n mapnx cept npn ynennuennn 60
X
. Heoxonmo
ormernrt, uro sepna necxa nmemr xopomo oxarannym nonepxnocrt, ne nmemmym ocrptx rpane n
yrnon, - xaxnm n onxen trt apxannt necox n pesyntrare nocroxnnoro ero nepememennx no
ecrnnem nerpa.
2
2


Pnc. 1. uorocnnmxn sepen necxa n mapnx cept npn ynennuennn 60
X




Pnc. 2. uorocnnmox mapnxa cept npn ynennuennn 200
X


Ha pncynxe 2 npecrannen mapnx cept npn ynennuennn 200
X
. Ha nonepxnocrn nourn npo-
spauntx mapnxon ner napannn n nnnt noxcxn npxmoyrontnoro ceuennx pasmepom (5x5) mxm c
uerxnmn rpanxmn.
Ecnn npenonoxnrt, uro +rn mapnxn cept o nocaxn HHO naxonnnct cpen necxa xaxoe-
ro npemx, ro nx nonepxnocrt onxna trt ncnapananno necxom, ne npospauno n, yx nn n xoem
cnyuae, na nnx ne onxnt tnn t coxpannrtcx na nx nonepxnocrn +rn uerxne noxcxn c mnxpon-
ntmn pasmepamn. Orcma cneyer, uro +rn mapnxn noxnnnnct nesaonro o momenra oropa npot
rpynra.
Kcrarn, raxoro poa ntcrynammne noxcxn, no snaunrentno ontmero pasmepa nonyuamrcx
npn nsroronnennn xaxnx-nno erane ns xnxoro meranna nnn ns pacnnannenno nnacrmacct sa-
nnnxo nx n ]opmy.
3
3
Hanpamnnaercx cneymmee npenonoxenne o rom, xaxnm opasom mornn noxnnrtcx mapnxn
ns cept cpen xnapnenoro necxa. Hpn nsnecrno repmoxepno peaxnnn oennennx nsoronon no-
opoa n noopono ome ntenxercx orpomnoe xonnuecrno +neprnn. Tax, ne nponsomna nn n
+rom cnyuae noonax peaxnnx oennennx, x npnmepy, nyx aromon xncnopoa ns oxpyxamme
armoc]ept c opasonannem cept (aromnt nec xncnopoa panen 16, a cept 32) n ononpemenntm
ntenennem ontmoro xonnuecrna +neprnn, xoropym nnonnanerxne, rax cxasart, axxymynnpo-
nann, a orxot - mapnxn cept ocrannnn na 3emne!
Honxrno, uro +ro npenonoxenne moxer noxasartcx uepecuyp cmentm, no rora nepnemcx x
+nnrpa]y, n nauane crartn.

P.S. Hoonte mapnxn, xax nsnecrno anropy, naxonnn n panee na mecrax nocaxn HHO, no,
x coxanennm, xnmnuecxn ananns, rmarentnt ocmorp nx n ]ororpa]nponanne npn ontmom yne-
nnuennn npn +rom ne npononnnct.
Xenammne nonyunrt opasnt mapnxon cept ns rpynra n mecre nocaxn HHO nx antne-
mnx nccneonann moryr oparnrtcx x anropy crartn.


O an1ope: 1aauauoe Aouoq Iepauoeuu ecrnnrentnt unen Axaemnn AHHVuO,
e-mail atabanakov@yandex.ru
1

TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH



Huuoua Cyomuu

KATACTPOmL HAO

Hmoe rexnnuecxoe cpecrno, xaxnm t conepmenntm n naexntm ono ne tno, nce
panno moxer cnomartcx, +ro ncero nnmt nonpoc npemenn. 3naunr, cpen cnnerentcrn
nanmenn neonosnanntx nerammnx oexron moryr npncyrcrnonart onncannx nx
anapnntx nocaox, nonomox n naenn. ecrnnrentno, n apxnnax y]onoron moxno narn
necxontxo ecxrxon raxnx cnyuaen, xoropte onnctnamr ne rontxo naennx neotuntx
annaparon, no n nponeypt, xoropte npenpnnnmamrcx no nx +naxyannn.
Hanontmn nnrepec nx nccneonarene npecrannxmr cnyuan, npn xoroptx
yaercx onapyxnrt marepnantnte cnet. Hame ncero ynomnnaercx Poysnenncxax
xaracrpo]a HHO n mrare Htm-Mexcnxo (CBA), no npemx xoropo xxot pasnncx
neontmo ncxonnnt annapar c rpemx nnnoramn na opry.
B Poccnn raxxe ecrt necxontxo cnyuaen ananornuntx poysnenncxomy. B pesyntrare n
pyxn rpaxancxnx nccneonarene nonann ]parmenrt, ananns xoroptx ntxnnn px nx
neotuntx cnocrn, nosnonxmmnx cenart npenonoxenne, uro oexrt +rn tnn cosant
ne na 3emne.

Beuepom 29 xnnapx 1986 roa xnrenn antneropcxa oparnnn nnnmanne na ontmo
opanxent map pasmepom n nononnny namerpa Hynt. On neren conepmenno ecmymno na
ntcore npnmepno 700800 merpon. B paone ntcort 611 map nnanno nomen nnns n
npesancx n nepmnny conxn. Ocneyx nnomaxy, na xoropym ynan map, y]onornn namnn
necxontxo ecxrxon onomxon, xoropte npecrannxnn coo mapnxn meranna n cnnnna,
neotunym cerouxy.
antnemn ananns apre]axron ntsnan y cnennanncron neoymenne. Bapnxn tnn
neotunt rem, uro xnnxnnct cnnanom pexosementntx +nemenron, a raxxe co npemenem
noxastnann camonponsnontnoe nsmenenne crpyxrypt. Ho mnennm nccneonarene, cnnant
tnn nsroronnent no cnennantno rexnonornn n xnnxnnct ncxyccrnenntmn no
nponcxoxennm. He yanoct ornecrn xapaxrepncrnxn cnencnnana c ntcort 611 x cnnanam
npnmenxemtm na semne. Ananns cerouxn npnnen x nontm orxptrnxm. Cnoe nasnanne +ror
opasen nonyunn sa cnoxnt nnemnn nn, nanomnnammn nnerenym cerxy. Hpn
remneparype 120 K marepnan cranonnncx cnepxnpononnxom. Hpn remneparype 2800 C
nexoropte +nemenrt nponaann, no nmecro nnx noxnnxnnct nonte. Hanpnmep, npn
naxyymnom narpene sonoro, cepepo n nnxent ncuesann, no nensnecrno orxya noxnnxnnct
monnen n cynt]n epnnnnx. Ho mnxpocxonom tnn onapyxent ronuamne xnapnente
nnrn.
Ono ns ocnonntx npenonoxenn cerouxa morna trt uacrtm +neprernuecxo
oonouxn mapa.
Hpn onpoce cnnerene, na xoroptmn nponeren +ror saraount oexr,
ntxcnnnnct ononnnrentnte noponocrn. Bap ne nmen nnxaxnx ntcrynon, nonepxnocrt
ero tna cxopee ncero merannnuecxo, a no nnery on nanomnnan cnerxa pacxanennym
nepxanemmym crant. Ananornunt map-son n 2002 roy nanman c nnsxoro paccroxnnx
n sanncan ero nnxenne na nneo Bnancnan Hyxannn ns nocenxa Banx (Cnepnoncxax
onacrt).

2
Ha mecre pyro xaracrpo]t HHO yanoct nnuno notnart 3mnnm ueoponnuy
Fauypnny, ynaxaemomy poccncxomy y]onory, nsnecrnomy cnonm orxptrnem n nsyuennem
anomantno sont nns cena Monexa.

J+u.i 4eoopoeu:, ei npuuu+a.u y:acmue e orcneouuu, ocuoeuo saoa:e romopo
oi. noucr qpae+eumoe esopeaeueeoc e eosoyxe ooerma? Umo omo oi. sa ooerm u
omryoa ou noeu.c?

Ocentm 1965 roa paapno certm cnexennx HBO Cenepnoro ]nora tn
sa]nxcnponan oexr, nnranmncx na ntcore oxono 4000 m co cxopocrtm oxono 1200 xm/u
n omem nanpannennn c cenepo-sanaa na mro-nocrox. Hpn noxoe x name rpannne na
sanpoc: Cno-uyxo? oexr ne orpearnponan. Ha ero nepexnar tnn nanpannent na
snena ncrpenrene-nepexnarunxon. Komany na araxy orart npocro ne ycnenn, xorx
oexr npomen na name reppnropne oxono 200 xm. Bnesanno na +xpanax paapon
nasemnoro n xopaentnoro asnponannx npxmo n sennre na rouxo naxoxennx nepno
HPM (neoroxecrnnennax paapnax mnment) na ntcore oxono 22000 m noxnnnact eme ona,
onee nnrencnnnax saceuxa, xoropax nauana crpemnrentno nnxnponart na nepnym.
Hnnort ynnenn n nosyxe na ntcore oxono 3500 m, n rouxe naxoxennx
npecneyemoro oexra, xpxym momnym ncntmxy nsptn, paspocanmn no nce cropont,
axe nnepx, pacnnannennte, pacxanennte ptsrn (nnrara ns panopra xomannpa nepnoro
snena nepexnarunxon, noxonnmnx x oexry c mro-sanaa n naxonnmerocx x nemy nnxe
pyrnx). anee, ns roro xe panopra:
Bcntmxa tna nacrontxo xpxo, uro x nenponsnontno saxmypnncx, no ryr xe
cnona orxptn rnasa, r.x. mamnny cnntno pocnno nnepx. C rpyom yepxan mrypnan.
Bnepen, npxmo no xypcy, pacmnpxnoct, menxx oxpacxy c xpxo-eno c ronyonaro-
]nonerontm orrenxom (xax npn +nexrpocnapxe) na eno-xenrym, norom xenro-opanxenym,
onaxo or nsptna, ns xoroporo npoonxann ntnerart pacnnannennte xannn. Hnrynrnnno
npnnxn pemenne yxonrt nneno (x cenepy) c naopom ntcort, urot ne nonacrt n sony
nsptna n no naammne pacnnannennte onomxn.
Ononpemenno noan xomany neomtm: ena, xax x! Vxonre nneno nnepx!
Orneron ne tno, n mnemo]one croxn xaxo-ro pesxn onoopasnt nncx, no conepmenno
nenoxoxn na mopsxnxy. 3anpocnn semnm cnxsn ne tno necxontxo mnnyr. Ornxencx:
neomte nonxnn menx n nonropnnn manenp.
Btme mecra nsptna n nosyxe noxnnnnct necxontxo crpanntx, pacmnpxmmnxcx na
ropnsonre, nnerntx nonynpospauntx xonen, xoropte xax t ntxonnn ono ns pyroro,
nocxaxnnax nnepx ne menee uem na 300 m. Hner xonen uepeonancx: cnerno-senent
cnerno-posont. Kontna tcrpo yxonnn nnepx, nnxaxnx oexron nnyrpn xonen n na
nnmn x ne ynnen. Hepes ne-rpn mnnyrt cnxst noccranonnnact, no c cnntntmn nomexamn.
Mt nonyunnn npnxas ntrn ns sont nsptna n conepmnrt oner mecra nponcmecrnnx na
ntcore 8000 m, nocne uero nosnparnrtcx na asy.

Bmnn nn nonm1xn anannsa cnyunnmerocn n nmnnaennn paounx rnno1es?

Tax xax nosnnxna nepcnx xepnoro nsptna uero-ro n nosyxe, ro tna nponeena
onepannx no nosymno n nasemno panoaxrnnno pasnexe, x xoropo tnn npnnneuent
rpaxancxne cnennanncrt, n uacrnocrn ns Ceneponnncxa, n nepronert Honxpno annannn.
B nororonxe n nponeennn +ro axnnn n paccneonannn ncero nnnnenra npnnxn
camoe axrnnnoe yuacrne ]nar-mrypman Honxpno annannn B.B. Axxyparon, nnocnecrnnn
cranmn onnm ns unenon HF KA n unenom pexonnernn nepnoro oreuecrnennoro
y]onornuecxoro xypnana uenomen. Hmenno naroapx ero yuacrnm n +ro crporo
sacexpeuenno rora onepannn, uacrt nn]opmannn crana ocroxnnem HF Komnccnn no A.
3
Hpn nponeennn xe camoro paccneonannx Bnanmnp Bnanmnponnu ntcxasan
npenonoxenne, uro n nnnnenre yuacrnonann nnesemnte cnnt, uro no xpane mepe
nropo oexr, cnnsnnmncx c 22 o 4 xm sa 2,5 mnnyrt n nocne ynnuroxennx nepnoro
oexra ymemn sa npeent crparoc]ept n noome sa npeent ocxraemocrn cnexmnx
paapon sa 3 mnnyrt, tn xnno rexnorenntm, ynpannxemtm, ecrnonan no nnonne
nornuno cxeme n npn +rom npoemoncrpnponan raxne nernte xapaxrepncrnxn (cxopocrt,
mrnonennoe nsmenenne rpaexropnn nonera ns ono rouxn na npxmym npornnononoxnym,
ycrounnocrt x xonoccantntm neperpysxam) na xoropte ne cnocoen nn onn semno
nerarentnt annapar.

Hpononnnct nn noncxn onouxon +1oro annapa1a?

Hasemnte noncxn npononnnct uepes rpn neenn nocne cotrnx n nepntx uncnax
oxrxpx 1965 roa. B rynpe ntnan cner, ronmnna xoroporo n pacnaxax ocrnrana
0,50,7 m, onaxenntmn ocranannct rontxo orentnte yuacrxn xamenncrtx
nosntmennocre. Hornuno npenonoxnrt, uro n raxnx ycnonnxx narn xaxne-ro onomxn
nsopnanmerocx oexra tno npaxrnuecxn nenosmoxno. Hcxnmuenne mornn cocrannrt
rontxo xpynnte ]parmenrt pasmepom oxono 1 x 1 m n onee, no raxnx onomxon npocro ne
tno
H nce xe nasemnte noncxn 1965 r. xoe-xaxne pesyntrart ann. Hontmenno
panoaxrnnnocrn (ntme 10 or ]onono) onapyxeno ne tno. Bsptn ne nmen aromnoro
xapaxrepa. Honcxonnxn namnn necxontxo ouennnen nsptna n nopono onpocnnn nx, r. x.
onpoct npononnn rpaxancxne cnennanncrt, ro norom onn n onee nnn menee nonnom
oeme nonann n apxnn VuOnenrpa Honxpnax snesa.

Ho ecnn nnuero ne mno naneno, o1xya y nac nonnnncn +1o1 onouox HAO?

B 1991 roy mt nponenn cocrnennym +xcnennnm n paon nosmoxnoro naennx
]parmenron +roro oexra. Bo npemx ononcxontnannx mecrnocrn tn naen
merannnuecxn onomox. Pasmept ero cocrannxnn (nnmy no namxrn) oxono 3032 cm n
nnny n 1720 cm n mnpnny, r.e. on nmen necxontxo rpanennnantnym ]opmy npn ronmnne
4 cm na yuacrxax es snaunrentntx pacnnannenntx nanntnnn, xax nx nastnamr
merannyprn. Kpax pnante n onnannennte, xax n oe nonepxnocrn. Hourn nce nanntnnnt
nmenn nonyoxpyrnym ]opmy namerpom or one mnnnnmerpa o 2 cm n rontxo necxontxo
ns nnx n onee ysxo uacrn onomxa nmenn nn ntrxnyrtx norexon, uro npn +xcneprnse
ano nosmoxnocrt ntcxasart npenonoxenne o rom, uro nepnonauantno +ra erant tna
noneprnyra pesxomy, mrnonennomy remneparypnomy nosecrnnm (nauantnax ]asa nsptna)
n rontxo norom pasopnana n naana c ornocnrentno neontmo ntcort tcrpo oxnaxaxct.

Bmnn nponeenm nccneonannn +1oro onouxa? H1o noxasann anannsm?

Ho npntrnn n Mocxny x ntnyxen tn nx nontst ena pacnnnnrt opasen, uro n
tno cenano n naoparopnn Hncrnryra Btcoxnx remneparyp AH CCCP (rora eme
nepymnmoro Comsa, o anrycroncxoro nyrua IKHH ocrananoct 25 ne).
Opasen tn (c ontmnm rpyom) paspesan anmasno ncxono nnno (4500 o/mnn.)
na rpn uacrn nonepex nnnno ocn, npnmepno pannte no nnne. Horom ona ns nnx (camax
mnpoxax) tna pacnnnena a ne nononnnxn no mnpnne. Opasnon crano uertpe.
Btnonnxrt ceptesnte anannst n camtx nyumnx naoparopnxx crpant namemy pary
y]onory rora moxno tno rontxo no nennxomy nary, a n ceuac mano uro nsmennnoct:
ner cnxse. Hnxro rex cnymart ne yer n nnxro nnuero ne cenaer, ecnn nnarnrt neuem.
4
B 1991 r. cnxsn y menx tnn, a n mon sacnyrn n onacrn oreuecrnenno y]onornn
cnennanncrt nennnn. Tax uro xenanne cenart nyxnte oporocroxmne n ronxne anannst
sa rax tno nnonne ocymecrnnmo.
Onn ns nnx x ocrannn n Hncrnryre ntcoxnx remneparyp (HBT) .r.n.
A.H. Hncrparony c npocto onpeennrt nennunny n xapaxrep remneparypnoro
nosecrnnx, nnmc xnmcocran, merannorpa]nm n eme nce, uro on courer nyxntm. Anaronn
Hannonnu rora tn onnm ns camtx exrentntx y]onoron, nnmc nnxora ne orxastnan
cenart camte cnoxnte anannrnuecxne nccneonannx, xaxne rontxo moxno tno cenart n
HBT.
pyro opasen uepes omnx c B.I. Axaxe snaxomtx ns nncrnryra Crantnpoexr
x nepean nx merannorpa]nuecxnx nccneonann n HHH Crann.
Tpern uepes neymero xoncrpyxropa KF HH E.C. Hepnnxona n naoparopnm
xoncrpyxrnnntx marepnanon +roro KF.
Ho npnesy n Hepmt y menx ocrancx onn opasen, xoropt eme npnmnoct nonnnnrt
n opesart na pasnnunte anannst.
B Hepmn, onxrt xe no snaxomcrny, tnn ntnonnent ononnnrentno merannorpa]nx
n naoparopnn nopomxono merannyprnn HHH, xnmnuecxne n cnexrpantnte anannst n
naoparopnxx HIV, xoropt x rora oxonunn.

Bcm nonyuennym ns ncex +rnx oprannsann nn]opmannm, oomnn, moxno cnecrn x
cneymmemy.
1. Opasen npecrannxer coo xnmnuecxn uncrt nont]pam 99,95%W, r.e. no
uncrore on npenocxonr ntcmym semnym mepxy XHA (xnmnuecxn uncrt nx anannson).
0,05 cocrannxmr, nepoxrno npnmecn, a ne nernpymmne oanxn xenesa, xpoma, nnxenx,
monnena, ra]nnx n pennx.
2. Opasen ne npecrannxer coo merannnuecxoe nsenne, nonyuennoe meroamn
xnaccnuecxo semno merannyprnn: nnanxa npoxar xonxa n r. . On nonyuen ns nopomxa
yxe npeentno ounmennoro (xaxnm-ro nensnecrntm cnocoom) nont]pama neotuno
ronnnt nomona (20150 mnxpon) meroamn nopomxono merannyprnn, no, onxrt xe,
nerpannnonntmn xononax npecconxa. Onpeennrt npecc-ycnnne rouno ne
npecrannxercx nosmoxntm, no ono onxno trt xonoccantntm n ouent pannomepntm no
nce npecc-]opme, ecnn raxonax npnmenxnact. O remneparype, npn xoropo npecconancx
+ror marepnan moxno cynrt onontno rouno ona onxna tna trt nnsxo x
aconmrnomy nynm.
B nac1onmee npeun nn n onon c1pane unpa ne1 yc1anonox, cnoconmx cosa1t
1axne ycnonnn opao1xn. Fonee roro, nn ona ns npnmenxemtx n nopomxono
merannyprnn mentnnn ne cnocona oecneunrt raxo ronnnt n npomtmnenntx macmraax.
BIBO conepmenno onosnauen: +1a nontqpauonan e1ant mna nonyuena nne
3eunn, n antneu Kocuoce, no nne nnane1nmx ycnonnnx.

Hccneonarenn anomantntx xnnenn cunramr eme necxontxo apre]axron cneamn
nosmoxntx anapn n xaracrpo] HHO na name nnanere, a nmenno:

1. Bamcxan naxoxa. B 1976 roy na epery pexa Bamxa ptaxamn tn naen
onomox cepepncroro meranna nennunno c xynax nspocnoro uenonexa.
Xnmnuecxn cocran coornercrnyer cnnany pasnnuntx nanranonon (r.n.
pexosementntx +nemenron): nepn 67,2; nanran 10,9; neonm 8,8%;
ocrantnoe xe, n ocnonnom, npnxonnoct na marnn (6,7) n xeneso (6,3).
Ocranmnecx 0,1 cocrannxnn npnmecn, cpen xoroptx nanonee samerntmn
tnn monnen n ypan (nccneonannx opasna meroom nropnuno macc-
cnexrpomerpnn noxasann coepxanne n ouent nesnaunrentntx xonnuecrnax
nsoronon ypana 233, 235, 238). Onpeennrt ary nsroronnennx npemera
5
naexno ne yanoct, onaxo nsyuanmne ero npnmnn x rnepomy yexennm,
uro ona ne npentmaer 100 rtc. ner.
2. Bontqpauonmn 1oxonpono. Haen n ono ns +xcnennn Banma
Hepnopona. Oxncnt cno na +rom nsennn coornercrnyer nospacry +roro
nsennx 2 500 ner. Haeno n Hononxtn npn pacxonxax nnxe yponnx
cxn]cxnx nocenenn. Bospacr npnmepno ror xe camt 2,5 rtc. ner. B.
Hepnopon cunraer, uro +ro ntcoxorexnonornunoe nsenne ns nerarentnoro
annapara, norepnenmero xaracrpo]y, uro xnno nnno no mexannuecxomy
nsnomy n no cneam or +nexrpnuecxoro npoox


O an1ope: Cyomuu Huuoua Bauepoeeuu (Hepmt) npexrop omecrnenno
oprannsannn Pyccxax V]onornuecxax nccneonarentcxax crannnx (RUFORS)
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH


Rpocuae Couxa

HA HYTH K CO3AHHK EHHOH TEOPHH HAO

Conpax n anannsnpyx y]onornuecxne ]axrt n xnnennx, no nornxe neme,
nccneonarenn x nacroxmemy npemenn (yunrtnax, uro npncrantno xnnenne HHO nsyuaercx c
xonna 1940-x roon) onxnt tnn t ynoxnrt nx n ennym reopnm, raxym, xoropax
crpono nnnne oennxna t nce sa]nxcnponannte n sanporoxonnponannte
npoxnnennx ]enomena HHO. Ho na npaxrnxe cenart raxoe nectma nponemarnuno, net
mnoroe ro, uro ]nxcnpyer y]onornx ntxonr sa npeent namero nonnmannx, pyrnmn
cnonamn noncenc c nayuno rouxn spennx. Ham (semno) arax snann ne n cnne
onncart n oxcnnrt nponcxoxmee n pamxax cnonx repmnnon. H coornercrnenno, nyxen
nont, xort n ne concem cranaprnt noxo x pemennm +ro ronononomxn.
Bnpouem, y]onorn anno orxasannct or cranaprnoro mtmnennx (ne onpantnamr
cex n ecrecrnennonayunte oxcnennx - npnpontmn xnnennxmn n cneamn rexnorenno
exrentnocrn uenonexa), no n raxax sarex ne ynenuanact ycnexom. Bet mtcnnrt
necranaprno snaunr, onycxart nce uro yrono. Cnecrnnem +roro xnnnoct oxono
nonycornn rnnores n npenonoxenn o npnpoe HHO, or esonntx (cxaxem,
nnrep]epennnx cnera) o esopasntx (npoenxn Carant, xax +ro rpaxryercx n pamxax
npanocnanno nept) 1. V xaxo ns +rnx rnnores ecrt cnon nocneonarenn xoropte
aprymenrnpymr cnon npenonoxennx raxnmn xe necranaprntmn onymennxmn n
onoamn, xax n cama rnnoresa. Fonee roro, axe mnorne ynaxammne cex nccneonarenn
ntnyxent npnsnart nnn xe ne sameuamr, uro nponnramr, rax cxasart, ennnunym,
ysxocnennannsnponannym rnnoresy, oxcnxmmym nnmt onpeenennt px xnnenn ns
neno sa]nxcnponanno nmn xe cepnn. Mexy rem, ycnex y]onornuecxo +nonen n
cosannn ome enno reopnn HHO, xoropax t oxnarnna nce ]nxcnpyemte
y]onornuecxne ]enoment xax ennoe xnnenne.
Ono ns raxnx omnx reopn moxer xnnxrtcx nn]opmannonnax 2. Cornacno +ro
rouxe spennx, mnoronnxn ]enomen HHO xnnxercx ne nemecrnenno-+neprernuecxnm, a
nn]opmannonntm xnnennem, npn xoropom, nnesemnax ntcoxopasnnrax xnsnt ocrannxer na
3emnm nn]opmannm nx onpeenenntx nyx. Coornercrnenno, rnnoresa o mexsnesntx
xommynnxannx npanomepna, no mt nenpannntno nnrepnpernpyem ee no nenomy pxy
npnunn.
Heestnrepecno yer ynomxnyrt npanory noronopxn: nonoe +ro anno satroe
crapoe, nocxontxy +ra nex tna c]opmynnponana, noxany, eme nsnecrntm neronncnem
nenosnannoro Hapnts Io uoprom (18741932), xoropt nncan: Ecnn peut ner o uyxtx
cymecrnax, rexnonornn xoroptx namnoro npenocxoxr namn, ro onn nnonne mornn
npoennponart nsopaxennx camnx cex na 3emnm 3. Hosnee (n nauane 1990-x) n
pamxax naneonnsnronornn +ry remy pasnnnan n nponnran Horannec unax n rax
nastnaemo Teopnn mnmnxpnn 4. B pxe paor on necrxme noxasan, uro raxnmn
xnnennxmn, xax cxaxem, xnnenne ent Mapnn, uyxo, nnesemno pasym
npncnocannnaercx x nam: x namemy nocnpnxrnm, x namnm npecrannennxm o
ecrnnrentnocrn n x namnm ]anrasnxm.
Hnrepecen ]axr, uro n nonecrn Haaer nnepx (1964 ro), manonsnecrnt
yxpanncxn nncarent-]anracr Honemyx Anexcanp Hasapennu (19231979) onncan
mnoxecrno cnyuaen ncrpeu c nerammnmn rapenxamn n ntcxasan rnnoresy o rom, uro HHO
nn]opmannonnt sapx nnonnanernoro pasyma, ornpannennt nx crnmynxnnn
rexnnuecxoro nporpecca uenoneuecrna 5.
2
Ecnn paccmarpnnart npenonaraemte nnsnrt nnonnanerxn na 3emnm n nx
xnaccnuecxom napnanre (re rymanonnte npnmentnt npnneramr na 3emnm c nomomtm
xopanx-marxn, asnpymmerocx re-ro n conneuno cncreme, n c nomomtm HHO
nccneymr 3emnm yxe mnorne rtcxuenernx (!)), ro ]axrnuecxoe noneenne, n, noome,
mnorouncnennte xapaxrepnte ueprt camoro ]enomena HHO nnxax ne nnnctnamrcx n
pamxn spanoro cmtcna.

Hoxany, nepntm xro oparnn na +ro ceptesnoe nnnmanne, tn ]pannyscxn y]onor
Xax Banne. Omensnecrnt ero nxrt aprymenron npornn nnonnanerno rnnorest HHO:

1. uacrora nnsxnx xonraxron (]axrnuecxoe uncno nocaox HHO na semnom mape
cocrannno sa 40 ner 14 mnnnnonon xnnt acyp);
2. ]nsnonornx (npnmentnt nacrontxo noxoxn na nme, uro sarpynnrentno nasnart
nx nnesemnxnamn) (cm. pnc.1);
3. coomennx o noxnmennxx (nx nonornuecxnx +xcnepnmenron nnesemnxnam
nenecoopasno nsxrt no xonrpont xpannnnme xponn, cnepmt, xonnexnnn sapotme,
nmemmnecx n ocnonntx nccneonarentcxnx nenrpax n ontnnnax, es cosannx nce +ro
cymxrnnt c noxnmennxmn);
4. ncropnx (ecnn ]enomen ecrnnrentno cymecrnyer na nporxxennn nce ncropnn
uenoneuecrna, menxx nnmt nnemnmm ]opmy, no ne cnom cyrt n xonrexcre cymecrnymme
na 3emne xyntrypt, rora npx nn mt nmeem eno c nnesemno nnnnnnsanne,
ocymecrnnxmme ocneonanne 3emnn);
5. ]nsnuecxne coopaxennx (noneenne marepnantntx HHO acypnt c rouxn spennx
]nsnxn n npecrannxmr coo naronpnxrnym nosmoxnocrt nx nponepxn nontx
xonnennn ]nsnuecxo peantnocrn, n ro npemx xax mnorne reopernxn paccmarpnnamr
nepoxrnocrt cymecrnonannx N-mepntx ncenenntx, c uncnom onee uertpex).

Tor xe Xax Banne saxnmuaer: Aprymenrt npnneent ne nx roro, urot nonnocrtm
ormecrn rnnoresy nnesemnoro nnn ecrecrnennoro nponcxoxennx HHO Onaxo nmax
yymax reopnx onxna xoncrpyxrnnno paccmarpnnart nce copannte ]axrt 6
Conpemennoe cocroxnne en necnoconocrt y]onoron n npounx yuentx nocrannrt
rouxn na i n ene nsyuennx HHO, n snaunrentno crenenn cnxsano xax pas c rem, uro
nrnopnpyercx nosmoxnocrt nn]opmannonno npnpot ]enomena HHO, a nce noncxn
peantntx cneon xocmnuecxnx npnmentnen o cnx nop ne ynenuannct ycnexom (a net ecnn
ocyxaemax rnnoresa nepna, ro nx n ne onxno trt!).
Oxnartnaer nn npenoxennax nn]opmannonnax reopnx ncm nannrpy mnoronnxoro
]enomena HHO? Paccmorpnm xnmuente acnexrt +ro mnoronnxocrn.
Bostmem nnauane re xe nemecrnennte oxasarentcrna cymecrnonannx ]enomena
HHO, nepnee nx nonnoe orcyrcrnne. Ecnn ne part no nnnmanne ]ororpa]nn n
nneosanncn, sa]nxcnponanmne nponert HHO, ro nn n onom mysee mnpa nam ne noxaxyr
onomox nocaouno onopt HHO, xycox ero omnnxn n r.. Horomy, uro ]axrnuecxn onn
ne cymecrnymr! He noromy, uro onn nnnmsnx nnn mnpax, a cxopee ncero xnnxmrcx
ronorpammo, npoexnne nnn uem-ro cxoxnm no npnpoe
Ananns rax nastnaemtx xonraxrepcxnx orxponenn, a raxxe cnyuaen noxnmenntx
nacnntcrnenno (ayxnnn), sauacrym pano nnn nosno npnnoxr axe camtx nosnrnnno
nacrpoenntx nccneonarene x neuantntm ntnoam. Cxaxem, necnoxno samernrt, uro
nnemnn nn n noneenne (xax n xauecrno camo nn]opmannn) nocranmnxon
nn]opmannn menxercx n coornercrnnn c +noxo (npaxrnuecxn nce pennrnosnte rexcrt
nponxronant c nea, a noxnmannct nmn, n uacrnocrn n cpenenexonte, nnxyamn n
cyxxyamn). pyrnmn cnonamn, nce +rn cocroxnnx nonyuennx nn]opmannn nsnne, xax
ponntm cuerom n ]enomen noxnmenn cxopee ncero ocoax ]opma nynarnsma,
nanonnxemax ocyxaemo namn nn]opmanne, nexenn ]nsnuecxn xonraxr.
3

Pnc. 1. Hapaoxcantno, no n nnreparype, ncxyccrne n paccxasax ouennnen, npnmentnt
oxsarentno noxoxn na nme, n ro npemx xax nnemnn nn uenoneuecxo ocon
c]opmnponancx nyrem +nonmnnn, npoxoxme na xonxperno nsxro nnanere, n noxoxme
nx npoxnnannx nmenno na ne. Ho+romy cymecrnonanne na pyrnx nnanerax rymanonntx
]opm xnsnn ocroxrentcrno manonepoxrnoe (xonnax anropa)

Cam nnemnn nn (]opma) HHO mnmnxpnponann nmecre c pocrom uenonexa: mnrt n
]axent (pennne npemena), npnxann (XIX cronerne), ncxn n cnrapt (n name
npemx). 3ro npxmoe yxasanne na ro, uro peut ner ne o peantntx, ]nsnuecxnx xnnennxx, a
raxnx, uro ]opmnpymrcx n yme uenoneuecrna (sect pocr n ocranonxa naxnatnamr cno
orneuarox).

Touno raxxe ena ocroxr n c nnemnnm nnom nnnoron HHO n tno t xax pas
crpanno, ecnn t tno nce naoopor! Harpnx Xtm, anrop Vxasarenx no nesemnxnam
saxnmuaer n cnoe xnnre: Ecnn ns Rxno Amepnxn npnxonnn coomennx o onontno
arpeccnnntx manentxnx cmyrnonnntx xapnnxax, ro ns Enpont, n uacrnocrn ns Anrnnn o
ropaso onee pyxenmntx ntcoxnx n ronyornastx nonnnax Taxoe ouennnoe
reorpa]nuecxoe pasnnune mexy rnnamn nnonnanerxn xnnxercx ceptesntm xamnem
nperxnonennx npn noncxe oxasarentcrn peantnoro cymecrnonannx nesemnxn ns HHO. 3ror
]enomen xax t ]opmnpyer cno opas, coopasyxct c xyntrypo n npemenem, n xoropom on
npoxnnxercx. 3ro nopasymenaer, uro noonte xonraxrt xnnxmrcx cxopee nnennxmn, uem
nocemennxmn. 8
Ionopx n nenom, c rouxn spennx otuno (semno) nornxn n spanoro cmtcna,
onnpammerocx na xpyr xnnenn, npnntuntx nx uenonexa n nporexammnx n npnntuno
nx nero cpee onrannx, noneenne HHO n conyrcrnymmnx xnnenn nacrontxo crpannt n
npornnopeunnt, uro npx nn moryr cymecrnonart n ecrnnrentnocrn n rom nne, n
xoropom mt nx nocnpnnnmaem. Ho onn, rem ne menee, nponcxoxr n peantnocrn. Ham nnmt
ne xnaraer cmenocrn nsrnxnyrt na nce +ro no nntm yrnom spennx.
4

Pnc. 2. Mnmnxpnx HHO n pasnte nepnot ncropnn:
1, 2. Heronncn pennero Ernnra coepxar onncannx neotuntx oexron, cnxnmnx n
nounom nee xpue Connna.
3. B 6 n. o n. +. n Meconoramnn npopox Hesexnnnt tn, no-nnnmomy, ne rontxo
ouennnem, no n nepntm uenonexom, omanmnmcx c onrarenem HHO.
4. B 747 roy n. +. n xnracxnx xponnxax ynomnnamrcx crpannte nosymnte xopann,
n xoroptx onramr cymecrna, ne ornnunmte or nme. Kpome +roro, n nee noxnnxercx
neuro, noxoxee na paxona, nsneprammero nnamx.
5. B 900 roy n Hnone (upannnx) rpoe myxunn n xenmnna tnn sameuent
cnycxammnmncx c nosymnoro cyna n cxnauent ronno, sanoospnnme n nnx xonynon.
6. Anpent 1561 roa, Hmpnepr, Iepmannx. Vrpennee neo tno yxnantno sanonneno
c]epamn, nnnnnpamn n cnymmnmn mexy nnmn ncxamn.
7. Poccnx, Poosepo, anrycr 1666 roa. Hmn, ntxoxmne ns nepxnn, nanmann noner
ontmoro ornennoro mapa, xpxo cnernnmerocx n yrpennem nee.
8. Anrycr 1666 roa, 3axarexac (Mexcnxa). Oxono 400 oexron n nne cnrap
nponereno na ]one Connna.
9. Anpent 1897 roa, ]epma He Po (mrar Kansac). uepmep cran cnnerenem
noxnmennx cnoe renxn. Ona tna saapxanena xpacntm mnypom n nonxra na opr HHO.
Hosnee ]epmep n mepn] onapyxnnn na semne mxypy noxnmennoro xnnornoro. [7]

Onnm ns camtx pemammnx onoon n nontsy paccmarpnnaemo namn reopnn, amr
nam rax nastnaemte nnxrorpammt reomerpnuecxne ]nrypt, nosnnxammne ns npnrnyrtx
x semne snaxon. Hepnte nnctmennte ynomnnannx o nnx ncrpeuamrcx n cpenenexonte 9, a
ynomnnannx yxoxr n rnyt rtcxuenern. B nacroxmee npemx, naroapx myrnnxam, mt
nce snaem uro +ro raxoe, no, x coxanennm, ycnoxnxem cee nonnmanne ]enomena!
Bo mnornx crpanax mnpa na nmennuntx nonxx noxnnxmrcx +rn ]nrypt. Fontmnncrno
ns nnx onaamr npannntno n cnoxno reomerpnuecxo ]opmo n rnranrcxnmn pasmepamn
(nouac cornn merpon n nonepeunnxe), rax uro nontrxn oxcnnrt nx opasonanne nnmt
reo]nsnuecxnmn, armoc]epntmn n pyrnmn xnnennxmn (axe ne concem nonxrno, xax +ro
enamr HHO) ne ynenuannct ycnexom.
Hepnte raxne macconte nnxrorpammt noxnnnnct n 1980-x n ntrnxenn xax npocrte
xpyrn (samnrnnxn marepnantntx xocmnuecxnx xopane npnmentnen ynxsann rora nx c
nocaxamn HHO, net npamammncx rapenxoopasnt HHO ocrannr na none nmenno
npannntno ]opmt xpyr). Ho c xaxtm room pocno uncno nnxrorpamm, npaxrnuecxn no
nporpeccnn (c 1987 no 1990 nx tno sa]nxcnponano n cyme 418, a sa onn rontxo 1990 ro
oxono 2000), no camoe rnannoe ycnoxnxnact ]opma ]nryp. Bmecro npocrtx xpyron,
rpeyrontnnxon n xnaparon na nonxx crann nosnnxart rnranrcxne nonte cnnpann HK,
5
cnona (n nente npenoxennx), opnamenrt n noprpert cymecrn, a nnxe x namemy npemenn
n raxne samtcnonarte ]nrypt, xoropte ne yaercx oroxecrnnrt c uem-nno nsnecrntm.


Pnc. 3. Or npocroro x cnoxnomy crparernx ncxxoro oyuennx (xonnax anropa)

B +ro cnxsn ouennno, uro nnxrorpammt necyr n cee onpeenennym nn]opmannm
(nospacranne cnoxnocrn ]nryp xax pas yxastnaer na nxronxy an]annra or npocroro x
cnoxnomy) n +ro ocroxrentcrno ononnnrentnt n necomt aprymenr x
nn]opmannonno npnpoe ]enomena HHO. Bnpouem, +ra asyxa nxronanact uenoneuecrny
na nporxxennn onrnx nexon: nensnecrnte nacxantnte cnmnont, ]nrypxn na xamnxx,
pacrennxx, xnnorntx, ny n, naxonen, na uenoneuecxom rene, rax nastnaemte xocmnuecxne
rarynponxn.
H sect mt noxonm x nonnmannm, xro n sauem nepeaer +ry nn]opmannm (r.e.
]enomen HHO, nxnmuammn n cex orart cnexrp anomantntx xnnenn) na 3emnm.
Hn]opmannonnax reopnx onnpaercx na nocrynar o cymecrnonannn n xocmoce
cnepxnnnnnnsann, morymecrnenntx nnesemntx mnpon, cxopee ncero, rymanntx. Bect
cnexrp anomantntx xnnenn, ]nxcnpyemt namn n armoc]epe 3emnn, es ocotx nponem
yxnatnaercx n nenenanpannennte nn]opmannonnte coomennx or +rnx mnpon: nac yuar,
nac recrnpymr n n xoneunom nrore roronxr x nonnonpannomy nanory.
Bet nmenno rax nocrynamr n yuente, onapyxnnmee nepnotrnoe nnemx. Ha
xonraxr onn ornpannxmrcx ne na camonerax, ne c noyryxamn, a nmenno, nsyunn nonaxn n
nopaxax noneennm nnemenn, ntraxct nnnxnyrt n otuan n nx npecrannennx o
oxpyxammem mnpe.
Mnorouncnennte xxot pasnetnarentnte nonert nnonnanerntx HHO, xax mt yxe
ronopnnn, ne nornunt: nn c +xonomnuecxo, nn c maremarnuecxo rouex spennx (a raxxe
mnoxecrna pyrnx). Hornunee npenonoxnrt, uro +rn nnonnanerxne nonyuamr cnon
pasneannte ncrannnonno n rouno raxnm xe opasom noxnnxmrcx n armoc]epe 3emnn
nocpecrnom nn]opmannonntx cnapxon. Marepnannsannx, emarepnannsannx,
nemtcnnmte manenpt HHO, orcyrcrnne onron n raex c rapenox, nonnmop]nsm,
npospaunocrt n nesecymnocrt, neynonnmocrt n nenosnanaemocrt n xonne xonnon
samernax mxontnnxy acypnocrt n noneennn HHO n unenon nx +xnnaxa nce xax pas n
oxastnaer nn]opmannonnym npnpoy ]enomena HHO.
nx nonnoro nonnmannx moxno npnnecrn semnym ananornm: npexe uem uenonex
crynnn na nonepxnocrt Hynt, o nero ram notnann poort, copanmne ncm neoxonmym
nx ntcaxn uenonexa nn]opmannm.
6
Hecmorpx na nce npenecrn, n pamxax reopnn ecrt necxontxo rnyoxonontx xamne,
rounee nx moxno n nyxno naxonrt n nponecce anannsa, pasnnrnx n erannsannn reopnn. B
nmom cnyuae, npenoxennym x ocyxennm reopnm, cneyer paccmarpnnart xax cpecrno
nx crnmynnponannx ncxyccnn, a ne xax ormarnuecxym napanrmy

An1epa1ypa:

1. Couxa .B., HHO: cenano n Vxpanne, +nexrponnoe nsanne, 20022004 r.
2. Komapon B.H., Tant npocrpancrna n npemenn, Mocxna, Beue, 2000, 402 crp.
3. Rs r Rs. In: Rs Pnomn, 86, Tm Vr, Mnn 1994.
4. Fiebah, J.: Die Mimikry-Hypothese. Ancient Skies, 4, 1990.
5. 3xcrenonenx ]+nresn n nayuno ]anracrnxn (Apxnn FBH), http://bvi.rusf.ru
6. Jacques F. Vallee, Five Arguments Against the Extraterrestrial Origin of Unidentified Flying
Objects, Journal for Scientific Exploration, Volume 4: Number 1: Article 9.
7. Axaxa B.I., 3aentmencxn B.H., HHO. Peantnocrt n nosecrnne, Mocxna, Pnnon
Knaccnx, 2008.
8. +m M. Tanncrnennte ]enoment, Mocxna, Beue, 2001, 190 c.
9. T Mon D, Hrorsr (Enn), 1678.

O an1ope: Couua Rpocuae Bacuuoeeuu, pyxononrent yxpanncxoro y]onornuecxoro
xnya VuOOC, rnannt oneparop Hannonantnoro apxnna cnnerentcrn HHO Vxpannt
(UFOBUA)
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH



1amoaua Mauapoea

PEIPECCHBHLH TPAHC KAK HEPCHEKTHBHLH METO
YmOAOIHHECKHX HCCAEOBAHHH

Haunnax c 1990-ro roa, ono ns nocroxnntx son nnnmannx omecrnenno
nccneonarentcxo oprannsannn - y]onornuecxo xomnccnn ropoa Tontxrrn (Camapcxax
onacrt) xnnxercx noncx n nsyuenne mexannsmon n nyre nnnxnnx na name coomecrno co
cropont nexnx, npenonoxnrentno, nneuenoneuecxnx cnn.
3a +ro npemx nam npnxonnoct omartcx xax c npoxnnenntmn xonraxranramn (r.e.
nmtmn, cunrammnmn, uro onn nmemr nsanmocnxst c nntmn cyexramn,
npenonoxnrentno, pasymntmn, no ne nmemmnmn ornomennx x uenoneuecxomy
coomecrny), rax n c ouennnamn n yuacrnnxamn pasnnuntx anomantntx xnnenn
(nanmenne HHO, nonreprecr n npou.). Ecrecrnenno, n xpyr namero omennx nxoxr n
otunte nmn, xoropte nn n uem anomantnom sameuent ne tnn, a npocro
nnrepecymrcx pasnnuntmn acnexramn ycrpocrna mnpa n uenoneuecxoro trnx.
C 2008 roa, xpome rpannnonntx meroon paort c yuacrnnxamn anomantntx
cotrn, mt, no mepe nosmoxnocrn, npnmenxem mero, xoropt n pasnnuntx mxonax
xnaccnuecxo n rpancnepconantno ncnxonornn ]nrypnpyer no pasnnuntmn nasnannxmn
ant]a-menrannx, mero Xoce Cnntna 3|, yrnynennt rpanc (no Mnnrony 3pnxcony) [4],
perpeccnonnax repannx, perpeccnnnax xonnenrpannx, n mn.p.
Hro xacaercx rexnnxn nponeennx perpeccnonnoro noncxa, ro no npemx ceanca
perpeccnn uenonex-pennnnenr naxonrcx n cocroxnnn nerxoro rpanca. Ero reno naxonrcx n
cnoxonom paccnanennom cocroxnnn, no cosnanne ocraercx nonnocrtm opcrnymmnm, on
uerxo cntmnr, nnnr, uyncrnyer n ocosnaer n cex camoro, n nce, uro ero oxpyxaer.
Konrpont cosnannx sa nponcxoxmnm nonnt, uenonex moxer n nmo momenr
npexparnrt perpeccnonnt noncx, ecnn ero uro-ro oecnoxonr. nx +]]exrnnnoro
nponeennx ceanca perpeccnonnoro noncxa neoxonmo npncyrcrnne nororonnennoro
oneparopa (uenonexa, nomorammero pennnnenry nonpocamn nnn nocxasxamn nepennrartcx
no npocrpancrny nocnomnnann)
B ceance perpeccnonnoro noncxa otuno npnmenxmrcx pasnnunte ncnxonornuecxne
rexnnxn: conponoxenne
1
, parn]nxannx
2
, neenne
3
, ncconnannx
4
, penxrnnnsannx
5
n p. 5|
Hpnuem, oneparop n saanaemtx xnnenry nonpocax crapaercx ncnontsonart nnmt
cmtcnonte pamxn, xoropte perpeccanr sanonnxer yxe cam, ncxox ns nocnpnnnmaemtx nm
xonxperntx opason. Hanpnmep, n nonpocax oneparop onxen npnmenxrt rontxo poooeie

1
Conponoxenne rexnnxa, nomorammax uenonexy nonnee norpysnrtcx n cnon nocnomnnannx n
cyexrnnnt ontr, cenart ero onee nopontm (ynnert opast, ycntmart snyxn, ncntrart renecnte
omymennx, nepexnrt +monnn n r..)
2
Parn]nxannx - nornepxenne roro, uro ncnxonor sameuaer, uro uenonex nxonr n rpanc, cenannoe n nne
oopxmmero ntcxastnannx;
3
Beenne - cosanne nonoro ontra y xnnenra na ase nmemmerocx. Hcnontsyercx uame ncero n
repanenrnuecxnx nenxx nx npeoonennx nnn npo]nnaxrnxn yxonntx oocrpenn.
4
ncconnannx - rexnnxa, nosnonxmmax xnnenry xax t pasennrtcx (nanpnmep, c uacrtm cocrnennoro rena,
nocmorpert na cex co cropont, ns pyroro mecra, nnn npemenn)
5
Penxrnnnsannx - nneenne ononnnrentno crenenn cnoot n yrnepxennx npn omennn c xnnenrom,
nocpecrnom enannx ntcxastnann ornocnrentntmn, menee yrnepnrentntmn, n, coornercrnenno,
ntstnammnmn mentme conpornnnennx.
2
uau+euoeauu, raxne, xax oexa, nx onncannx pasnnuntx ee nnon. Heonycrnmo
saanart nanoxmne nonpoct. Hanpnmep, ecnn neoxonmo ntxcnnrt, omymaer nn
perpeccanr cex oertm, npexe ncero nyxno nonpocnrt ero pasrnxert cnoe reno n
onncart ero. Ecnn noxnnxercx ynomnnanne o oexe, nonpocnrt onncart oexy, n rontxo
ecnn on ynomnnaer raxo nn oext, xax pmxn, moxno nonpocnrt xonxpernee onncart
nmenno pmxn.
Taxnm opasom, mnnnmnsnpyercx nosmoxnocrt nanxstnannx perpeccanry xaxnx-
nno npecrannenn co cropont +xcnepnmenraropa.
Hro xe xacaercx saau nccneonann, ocymecrnnxemtx c npnmenennem perpeccnnnoro
rpanca, ro na annt momenr npemenn nam nnnrcx ona naxnax saaua. Hs ncero ontra,
naxonnennoro conpemenno ncnxonorne, ouennno, uro nocosnarentnte
6
1| ycranonxn
uenonexa nnnxmr na ero cnoco noneennx n connyme, na onpeenenne nene n saau n
rexyme xnsnn. Hcrounnx, npnunnt noxnnennx raxnx ycranonox noxa uro npnnxro ncxart
nnn n rpanmnpymmem ontre, nonyuennom no npemx nacroxme nonornuecxo xnsnn, nnn,
na xpann cnyua, n raxom xe ontre nenocpecrnenntx nonornuecxnx npexon. Hnmt
nemnorne nccneonarenn ocmennnamrcx ncxart ncrounnx raxoro ontra n nenonornuecxo
(+nepronn]opmannonno) cocrannxmme uenoneuecxoro cymecrna, a n ro npeen +rnx
noncxon orpannuen nnerenecntm trnem, npnnnxenntm x semno uenoneuecxo
nnnnnnsannn. Mt nsyunnn pasnnunte ncrounnxn nn]opmannn o rpancnepconantntx
nepexnnannxx c nentm narn ananorn nocnomnnannxm o trnn n neuenoneuecxnx
coomecrnax. Cneennx, xort n xaxo-ro mepe nnrepecymmne nac, yanoct ncrpernrt
rontxo y amepnxancxnx ncnxonoron M.Htmrona n x.M+xa, n npaxrnxe nanernxn n
nonemnx yuennxx uennennnronoro rnna. Onaxo, na nocnennx ncrounnxa mt ne
paccmarpnnaem n cnny neonornsnponannoro xapaxrepa n saneomo nporpammnpyemocrn
raxnx yuenn.
Hac xe nnrepecyer, nacxontxo uacro y otuntx nme n nocosnarentno namxrn
sanoxent xnsnennte cnenapnn, ornocxmnecx x nx nnunomy cymecrnonannm no nnesemntx
ycnonnxx. Cnenapnn, noxa uro es nx nponepxn na ocronepnocrt, noromy uro naxen cam
]axr nannunx n nocosnannn uenonexa raxoro cnenapnx, xax ycranonxn x romy nnn nnomy
cnocoy connantnoro noneennx nnn nponoxannn nosmoxntx yxonntx oocrpenn
7
[2].
Hocxontxy nx ]opmnponannx oexrnnntx ntnoon nn]opmannn eme neocrarouno,
npnneem nanonee nnrepecnte npnmept raxoro ontra c nexoroptmn xommenrapnxmn x
nnm. Ho npexe, uem nepern x npnmepam, cxaxem, uro cnenapnn cymecrnonannx no
nnesemntx ycnonnxx, xax oxasanoct, ncrpeuamrcx nepexo n npoxnnxmrcx n namxrn
perpeccanron nerxo, necmorpx na nx nerpannnonnocrt, necoornercrnne otunomy yponnm
snann (n, uacro, nnrepecon) pennnnenra. V nac cxnatnaercx nneuarnenne, uro ontr
raxoro rnna xnnxercx ncnxonornuecxn ouent naxntm nx pennnnenron, no+romy on rax
nerxo ncxptnaercx.
Hs nocemnanarn uenonex, c xoroptmn sa nocnenne 3 roa nponeen perpeccnonnt
noncx (npenmymecrnenno, +ro ne xonraxranrt), enxrt uenonex nerxo n cnoono
ncnomnnnn o cnoe xnsnn n exrentnocrn nne name nnnnnnsannn. Hpnuem nce +rn
nocnomnnannx oxasannct neoxnanntmn nx camnx xnnenron. ymaercx, uro 50% - +ro
ocrarouno ntcoxn noxasarent nx roro, urot cunrart nepcnexrnnntm annoe
nanpannenne nccneonann.
Ananns coepxannx paccxason, nonyuenntx or namnx perpeccanron, n cpannenne nx c
nn]opmanne, nonyuaemo xonraxranramn, noxasan, uro mexy nnmn ecrt cymecrnennte
ornnunx. Hanpnmep, n oxpyxennn perpeccanra n rom trnn, xoropoe on onnctnaer n
ceance perpeccnn, ner nnxaxnx arenron nnnxnnx, xax y conpemenntx xonraxranron (xax
t nx nn nastnart nnonnanerxnamn, Btcmnm pasymom, yxonntmn yunrenxmn n r.n.)

6
Vnorpenxercx raxxe repmnn npecosnanne (anrn. preconscious), osnauammn ro, uro moxer trt
nocnpnnxro uenonexom npn ]oxycnponxe nnnmannx, no n nacroxmee npemx ne ocosnano.
7
Tepmnn nneen Cranncnanom Ipo]om.
3
ner, on conepmenno camocroxrenen. Hnxaxax nn]opmannx ne nnymaercx perpeccanry
xaxnmn-ro nncnnpnpymmnmn cymnocrxmn naoopor, on cam nmer neoxonmym
nn]opmannm n ntraercx ee ocmtcnnrt. Bce ns ncnomnnaemoro ontra npecrannxercx emy
npocrtm n axe otenntm.
Hapxy c +rnm, yanoct ntxnnrt onn cnyua nenpoxnnennoro xonraxra, nauanmerocx
n ercrne n nmenmero npenoctnxn n anexom npomnom +roro uenonexa. Hpn nntx
ocroxrentcrnax, +ror xonraxr mor t pasnnrtcx n nporexart rpannnonntm nx
xonraxranron opasom (o nem nnxe).
Eme pas opamaem nnnmanne, uro xnaccnuecxn rnnnornuecxn rpanc mt ne
ncnontsyem, r.e. cosnanne y perpeccanra ne orxnmuaercx, on cam nnuno epxnr nce no
xonrponem, a namxrt o ynnennom (ncnomnennom) coxpanxercx no ncex eranxx n nocne
ceanca. Taxax meronxa ne ntstnaer y xnnenra ncxyccrnenntx opason, nanxsanntx emy
+xcnepnmenraropom. Hpana, namxrt xnnenra noccranannnnart necxontxo cnoxnee, uem no
xnaccnuecxnm rnnnosom. Onaxo, necomnenntmn npenmymecrnamn meroa xnnxercx ro, uro
y xnnenra ne nosnnxaer onacenn, uro +xcnepnmenraropt napymar +rnuecxne nopmt, n uro
emy n nponecce ceanca moxer trt nanecen npe, no+romy xnnenrt, xax npannno, onee
pacxonannt n onepunnt.
Bo npemx ceanca opasnoe nocnpnxrne y xnnenra conepmenno uerxoe, n nnerax n
]opmax, xoropte moxno onncart, noopan coornercrnymmne cpannennx. Ftnaer rax, uro
nonnmanne snauennx nexoroptx opason nnn npemeron npnxonr x xnnenry nocne
sanepmennx ceanca n ononnnrentnoro oymtnannx. Ocoenno +ro ornocnrcx x cotrnxm,
ncxont cnoco nocnpnxrnx xoroptx ornnuancx or ntnemnero nosmoxno, n cnny
]nsnonornuecxnx ocoennocre roro rena, xoropoe nocnpnnnmano +rn cotrnx n npomnom.
B raxnx cnyuaxx oxsarentno nyxna nocneymmax nnrepnperannx.
Hpnuem, ntmne cnoxnocrn xnnenrt ncntrtnamr npn nosnpamennn n nanonee
rnyoxoe npomnoe c yxnaom xnsnn, manosnaxomtm ns ncropnuecxo nnreparypt. Ho
ocoenno ontmne npn onncannn mnpoycrpocrna no npemx cnoero nnesemnoro npomnoro,
rax xax noannxmmee ontmnncrno npemeron ram cenano no rexnonornn, ananoron
xoropo ner n npnntuno semno xnsnn. Coornercrnenno, uenonexy tnaer ouent cnoxno
oxcnnrt npnnnnn ecrnnx roro nnn nnoro ycrpocrna, xoroptm on xora-ro npnntuno
nontsonancx.
Hao cxasart, uro nocnomnnannx o nnesemnom trnn nx perpeccanra uacro
onesnennte, rax xax mecro nnesemnoro npetnannx nocnpnnnmaercx xax pono om, c
rennom, nmontm n xpxo ntpaxenntm crpaannem or onro ntnyxenno pasnyxn. Taxne
nocnomnnannx moxno cunrart n nexoropo crenenn rpanmnpymmnmn, naxnatnammnmn
cnntnt orneuarox na ornomenne perpeccanra x cnoemy ntnemnemy oxpyxennm. Ho+romy
npnxonrcx nourn xaxt ceanc perpeccnn conponoxart nexoropo ncnxoxoppexnne,
urot pennnnenr npannntno nonnman ro, uro cam npo cex ysnan. Hame ncero, nonnmanne n
npnnxrne raxoro cnoero nnunoro ontra npnnonr x ycnoxoennm n cnxrnm nexoroptx
ncnxonornuecxnx nponem y perpeccanra n rexyme xnsnn.
Ha ce momenr moxno c ocrarouno nepoxrnocrtm npenonoxnrt, uro
nocnomnnannx, nonyuennte npn perpeccnn, ne xnnxmrcx xaxo-nno cxptro ]opmo
xonraxrnponannx, a npecrannxmr coo conepmenno nno nponecc.

Hauano
Cocrnenno, xonraxranron ns ncex, xro npomen uepes ceanct perpeccnn, rontxo noe.
Onn ns nnx monoo uenonex, nanmenne sa xoroptm mt neem, naunnax c nospacra 6
ner (ceuac emy 23 roa). Bect xomnnexc nponcxonnmnx c nnm cotrn noxastnaer, uro
on naxonrcx no nocroxnntm nanmennem nexnx cyexron, xoropte, xax mt ymaem, ne
ornocxrcx x uenoneuecxomy omecrny (no xpane mepe, naxonncx o xaxoro-ro npemenn,
nocxontxy mt nmeem ocnonannx npenonarart, uro ceuac onn norepxnn x nemy nnrepec).
4
Ontr noxasan, uro y Hnana (nmx nsmeneno) ecrt ncnxonornuecxax noxnponxa npornn
perpeccnonnoro noccranonnennx namxrn. Btsnano nn +ro sanperamn xyparopon nnn
nntmn npnunnamn, cnoxno cynrt. Onaxo na nponeenntx c nnm ceanca ann
neoxnannte pesyntrart.
B xoe ceanca oneparop tn namepen noorn x nonnmannm xnsnenno nenn n saau
Hnana, xoropte, rnnorernuecxn, ror mor namernrt cee na rexymym xnsnt cam nnn no
pyxonocrnom nexnx xyparopon (n coornercrnnn c rnnoreso o meremncnxose). C +ro
nentm emy tna saana npemennx rouxa n nxrt ner o poxennx. Heoxnanno nx nac,
Hnan ynnen cex na xocmnuecxom xopane, n rnyoxom xocmoce. pyrne onrarenn +roro
annapara ntrnxenn xax nourn nmn (nmennct nexoropte ornnunx no nnemnocrn),
oerte n cxa]anpt co mnemamn. Hnan omyrnn cex nonnocrtm ymenno n ]nsnuecxn
raxnm xe, xax ocrantnte, n panntm nm no crarycy.
Perpeccnonntm oneparopom Hnany tno npenoxeno mtcnenno nepememartcx nnepe
no npemenn, narn n onncart momenr nepexoa c xopanx x rexymemy semnomy
nonnomennm, no ror ne cmor +roro cenart. Fonee roro, on orxasancx anee yuacrnonart n
noontx +xcnepnmenrax. Taxnm opasom, namn tno nonyueno xocnennoe nornepxenne
yrnepxenn xyparopon Hnana o rom, uro npnpoa +roro uenonexa uenoneuecxax rontxo
nanononnny.
3ror ontr tn nepntm nx nac, n ouent nac sannrepeconan, rax xax on nosnonxer c
pyro cropont nsrnxnyrt xax na ]enomen xonraxra, rax n na nponemy mnccnonepcxo
exrentnocrn n namem coomecrne nexnx nneuenoneuecxnx cnn.
Bnocnecrnnn oxasanoct, uro ne onn Hnan ncnomnnn cnoe trne n xauecrne
cymecrna, no nnnmocrn, ne ornocxmerocx x uenoneuecxo pace.
Hacrt onncanntx perpeccanramn cymecrn, xoroptmn onn xnnxnnct xora-ro, rontxo
oranenno noxoxa na npnntunte semnte nnt ]aynt. Hanpnmep, nor xax ona ns
perpeccanrox cex onncana n onnxe, cpenem mexy uenoneuecxnm onnxom n onnxom
nynoro xmepnnt: ouyueuue cmpauuoe, oyomo oare u eie.ry ue rar :e.oeer. Jmo
oeyuoeoe, oeypyroe u :e+-mo noxoree ua xa+e.eoua. Io.oea noxora ua ueeo, om
sami.ra ro .oy ue mo, :mooi epeoeui, a rar oi .oo maro einyr.i u norami. I.asa no
oora+, e.yooro nocareuuie, uo ue qacem:amie. Te.o oo.ee cyxoe, :e+ y :e.oeera. To ecmi
:euyu u.u rarux-mo uapocmoe uem, uo rora oo.ee n.omua. Heem posoeamo-cupeueeami.
He+uoeo ue.oeroe cyuecmeo, uo e npuuune e mo+ +upe ouo npucnocoo.euo uop+a.iuo.
Pyra sarau:ueaemc rucmim, :emipe na.ia, y uux epooe oi oo.iue cycmaeoe e na.ie.
daooui ue epacmonipry, rar y uac, na.ii napa..e.iuo opye r opyey. Hoea ycmpoeua
noxore ua pyry, na.ii o.uuuie, a cmona ue+uoeo ropo:e Hpnmeuanne: sect n anee n
nnrarax npnnonrcx ocnonnax pacmn]ponxa sanncn ceanca|.
B +rom cnyuae oxasancx nnrepecen ne crontxo renecnt onnx ee npetymero
nonnomennx, cxontxo cnoco nocnpnxrnx, conepmenno ne xapaxrepnt nx uenonexa.
Hnrara ns onncannx: noeu.oci ouyueuue, :mo omo cyuecmeo +orem myoa, e neuepry,
npouurami cosuauue+. Jmo rar ec.u oi us cosuauu eioeuea.c ueru nepucron (uo mo.iro
eeo e.asa+u ue euouo, omo raro-mo opyeo npuuun oecmeu), u omu+ nepucrono+ omo
cyuecmeo +orem sae.oieami euympi o:eui +a.euirux ooe+oe u.u sa eepxuu npeoe.
o.urauux eop. Hpu:e+ ouyueuue, :mo ouo ceo eocnpuuu+aem e omom +o+eum
cooopasuo pas+epy orpyramueeo npocmpaucmea +a.i+ e +a.o+ npocmpaucmee,
oo.iuu+ e oo.iuo+. Umo-mo y ueeo eimeueaemc, uo ue +oey noumi - mo .u ou ca+, mo
.u eeo cosuauue.
Ocraercx noxcnnrt, uro n +ro npemx perpeccanrxa rnasamn roro cymecrna pasrnxtnana
xpncrannt nnyrpn manentxo nemepxn pasmepom mentme naonn +roro xe cymecrna, a
norom sarnxtnana sa nnxamn ropnt xpeer.



5
Kononnsannn

Hacrt onnctnaemtx perpeccanramn cymecrn - anrponomop]nt n onramr n
coomecrnax, nmemmnx cxoxym c uenoneuecxo connantnym oprannsannm. Hame ncero
raxne nocnomnnannx npncymn rem, xoro moxno ycnonno nasnart xononncramn.
Ornocnrentno uacro n paccxasax perpeccanron ncrpeuamrcx onncannx ns nnunoro
(xorx n tnmero n esmepno anexom npomnom) yuacrnx n xononnsannn 3emnn. Hamn
xnnenrt nocnpnnnmamr +rn nocnomnnannx, xax ornocxmnecx x nx cocrnenno nnunocrn,
ocosnamr cnoe mecro n pont n +rom nponecce.
Xapaxrepno, uro npenoxenne ncnomnnrt cex n cront anexom npomnom nonauany
nocnpnnnmaercx nmn ncemn c orxptrtm cxencncom (epyuoa, maroeo ue +orem oimi,
uu:eeo maroeo ue suam u ue ecno+um). Onaxo +ror cxencnc ncuesaer cpasy, xax rontxo
uenonex naunnaer n opasax, omymennxx n noponocrxx ncnomnnart cotrnx, yuacrnnxom
xoroptx on, no ero nontm nocnomnnannxm, tn nexora camonnuno.
Coepxanne n pasnnrne cmxera, xoropt perpeccanr nocnpnnnmaer, npaxrnuecxn
ncera xnnxercx nx nero neoxnanntm. Hexoropte noponocrn ynnennoro ynnnxmr ero
nacrontxo, uro ero (opcrnymmee n +ror momenr!) cosnanne orxastnaercx nepnrt n nx
npanonoonocrt. Ftnn cnyuan, xora nam axe npnxonnoct ncxart n cnennnreparype
ananorn nocnomnnannxm perpeccanron.
Tax, onn ns namnx perpeccanron no nmenn Cepre, onnctnax ncrpeuy aopnrenon
namero Cenepa c nnnoramn ncxonnnoro annapara, xoropax cocroxnact rtcxun ner nasa,
ouent xoren cenart npannntnym xaprnnxy, no ona y nero nnxax ne cranonnnact
npannntno. A nenpannntnocrt saxnmuanact n rom, uro orxptrte uacrn rena y nnnoron
cnerxa cnernnnct. Hmenno cnerxa, es ncxxnx ram nnmon, nyue n npoue pennrnosno
menyxn. Ceprem-ro tno nensnecrno, a nam yxe nocne +roro ceanca yanoct narn
ynomnnanne, uro npnmentnt, xoropte nmenn ornomenne x cosannm mymepcxo
nnnnnnsannn, cmastnann cnom xoxy anrncenrnuecxo mastm, xoropax cosanana +]]exr
nerxoro cneuennx xoxn. Vnomnnanne o +rom coxpannnoct n apxeonornuecxnx namxrnnxax
ro +noxn, onaxo ncrpernnoct ns nce onynnxonanno nnreparypt rontxo enncrnennt
pas, n Ceprem saneomo ne tno nsnecrno.
Kcrarn, nor raxne nenpannntnocrn amr nono cunrart, uro +ro ne ]anrasnx
uenonexa, uro nnenne peantnoe, n ero coepxanne oycnonneno ne naopom crepeornnon,
nouepnnyrtx ns xnsnn, pennrnn n xnnr, a conepmenno pyrnm nnacrom nnunoro ontra,
xoropt xora-ro n xaxnm-ro opasom tn nonyuen nmenno +rnm uenonexom.
B nexoroptx namnx ontrax neymn npenpnnnman nontrxn nponoxannn c rem,
urot nponepnrt, nacxontxo perpeccanr ntaer xenaemoe sa ecrnnrentnoe, urot
yronrt namnm oxnannxm. Onaxo mt yennnct, uro perpeccanrt uerxo
npnepxnnamrcx rontxo roro opasa, xoropt coepxnrcx n nx namxrn, n onnctnamr
nmenno ero.
Hanpnmep, ynomxnyrt Cepre na nonpoc, ne tno nn nnyrpn ncxonnnoro annapara
npoxoa n napannentnt mnp (no ananornn c paccxasamn nexoroptx conpemenntx
xonraxranron), ornernn orpnnarentno. Ononpemenno, on nnxax ne mor coornecrn n cnoem
cosnannn ro, uro cnapyxn +ror oexr tn conepmenno nenpospaunt, a nsnyrpn uacrt ero
tna npospauno n nosnonxna nnert oxpyxammee npocrpancrno: ece euouo eorpye.
Hem u..m+uuamopoe, a euouo ece eorpye. Bom ce:ac oou.o, rar ouu nymeuecmeymm' Ou
crasa., +ic.i rar omo npoucxooum, uenoumuo, a rar omoamm ro+auoi noumuo. Ou
euoum omom +up, omoaem ro+auoy ropao.m, u ropao.i npocmo-uanpocmo myoa
nepe+euaemc. Hem uurarux seesouix +apupymoe. Eue :mo. e eumpe sa.a no. ceemumc.
Beci no. paoyrui+ ceemo+
Orentnte perpeccanrt npomnn ocrarouno nnrentnt xypc ceancon perpeccnn,
naroapx uemy yanoct ntxnnrt xapaxrepnt rpen nx nnuntx ncropn, coepxamnx n
nocnomnnannx o +ranax xononnsannn, n +ranax nocneymmero trnx n semntx ycnonnxx.
6
Tax, onn ns perpeccanron, Enrenn, ncnomnnn cnom xnsnt n pennem nocenennn,
ornocnnmemcx x onomy ns cnanxncxnx napoon. B +rom napoe ns ycr n ycra nepeananact
namxrt o npexax, xoropte cnycrnnnct c nea na xnasn-xnntx xoxonoopasntx annaparax.
Onnm ns npnmentnen nexora tn n on cam. Hpnuem Enrenn uerxo ocosnanan, uro on tn
ne n nepno, a n rperte nonne nepecenennen. Bo npemx ceanca Enrenn c ynnnennem
nepeuncnxn ocoennocrn mecra xononnsannn: nenrpantnt xpyrnt ocrpon, na xoropom
croxn nocroxnnt (!) ent, oxpyxammee +ror ocrpon mnpoxoe nonoe npocrpancrno nony-
xanan nony-mope, or xoroporo anee yxe pacxonnnct uertpe xonrnnenra. Oparnax
cropona nnanert, no ero omymennxm, tna nourn ncx saxptra cneramn n ntamn.
Mano cxasart, uro nmemmeecx n nnreparype onncanne Innepopen tno emy
nesnaxomo, no ero nocnomnnannx nmemr ono cymecrnennoe ornnune or ncropnuecxnx
onncann +roro nerenapnoro mecra. Hs ncropnn nsnecrno, uro n Innepopee nonroa croxn
ent, nonroa - nout, uro coornercrnyer ntnemnemy cocroxnnm npnnonxpno onacrn.
Enrenn xe onncan mecro c nocroxnntm nem. Ero nocnomnnannx cnnerentcrnonann
o rom, uro n re npemena nama nnanera tna nocroxnno nonepnyra x Connny ono
cropono, xax ceuac Hyna no ornomennm x 3emne (xort n no nexoroptm yrnom, rax xax
cnernno na neocnoe onnctnano xpyr na ntcore 30-35 rpaycon na ropnsonrom). Hpnuem,
Enrenn c ontmnm rpyom cmor c]opmynnponart npecrannenne o nmenno raxom
pacnonoxennn nnanert n cnernna (on c rpyom nonpan cpannennx, ntrancx uro-ro
napnconart, noromy uro oxcnnrt mexannsm n cmtcn ynnenno xaprnnt emy tno xpane
cnoxno or acrponomnn on nectma anex n rexyme xnsnn). Vnnennax nm xaprnna
nponepxe noxa ne nonexnr, onaxo reopernuecxn raxoe nsanmnoe pacnonoxenne snest n
nnanert moxer nmert mecro.
pyrax perpeccanrxa cnauana onncana, xax npecrannrenn ee coomecrna, nmenmne
cnanxncxn rnn nnemnocrn, n nexoem npomnom conepmnnn nocaxy n paone, no xapaxrepy
pacrnrentnocrn nanomnnammem necorynpy. A ns pyro uacrn ee nnuntx nocnomnnann
moxno nonyunrt npecrannenne o nocrenenno accnmnnxnnn npntnmnx n uenoneuecxoe
coomecrno, xoropoe yxe cymecrnonano na ror momenr n onee mxntx paonax nnanert.
Onepamop. aea oc+ompu+c ua +ecme.
Tamiua.B me+ u sauu+amci, :mo oc+ampueamci. Uyrooe o. +eu +ecmo,
ueymmuoe nomo+y :mo uesuaro+oe, u ouo raroe-mo uerpacueoe, :mo .u? Cepoe. Heoo eue
cepoe maroe mo .u nac+ypuo, mo .u :mo
Onepamop. Hoo uoeu noc+ompu+ :mo ma+?
Tamiua.Mox, cy:i.
Onepamop. A uoeu rarue?
Tamiua. Hoeu ooemie. Taroe ouyueuue, :mo e.iuorpoeui rocmm+. Be.ie,
cepeopucmie oomuuru rar canoeu eicorue. He.iuie c opmra+u, u oa.iue ece omo
e.iuoe, noxore.
Onepamop. Tenepi noouu+ae+c uao omu+ +ecmo+.
Tamiua. B ue xo:y. B ue mo :mo ue xo:y, +ue npocmo uaoo soeci oc+ompemic.
Oc+ompemi +ecmo.
Onepamop. A c raro e.im oc+ampueae+?
Tamiua. Haoo npueirami r omo+y +ecmy no:e+y-mo. Mue ouo ue upaeumc. Mue
xo:emc eimu us omoeo .eca u nepe+ecmumic myoa, eoe oo.ee omrpimoe npocmpaucmeo.
Morem oimi, omo ue coece+ yoa:ua nocaora? B rar-mo +oey nepe+euamic, ue xoo.
Kar oyomo ua raroe-mo ueoo.iuoe paccmouue noouu+amci, u +oey cro.isumi. Jmo
npuoop raro-mo
Onepamop. Ou omoe.iuo om ooeroi?
Tamiua. Hem, ou ecmpoeu eoe-mo ua ypoeue nocuui.
Onepamop. Cnepeou, csaou, coory?
Tamiua. Ho nocy. Ho:mu no orpyruocmu. Jmo eouuoe e.oe c rocmm+o+.
Onepamop. Hepe+euae+c, uue+, :mo xo:emc.
7
Tamiua. O, raro re ou o.uuui, omom .ec. Mi npocmo cocmaeu.u npeocmae.euue
oo omo +ecmuocmu, u eosepauae+c.
Onepamop. Ho:e+y +i?
Tamiua. Hac uecro.iro. Ho +i rarue-mo soeci :yrue. Mi rar oyomo suae+, :mo
soeci ue mo.iro +i, noomo+y +i, uaeepuoe, omo +ecmo u eioupae+, :mo ouo oo.ee
oes.mouoe Ceeepuee ma+ rarue-mo ea.yui ua:uuammc e .ecy V uac nora npuc+omp r
+ecmuocmu no.y:aemc. Mi ceeepuee, ocma.iuie mruee. Ocma.iuie omo romopie
ue +i.
Onepamop. Te, romopie ue +i - ouu marue re no uume..ermy, no cnocoouocm+?
Moeym .u ouu nepe+euamic no eosoyxy?
Tamiua. B nora ue suam. Mi nora ue suae+, rmo omo. Mi suae+ mo.iro, :mo ouu
ma+ ecmi, ux +uoeo. Ouu ma+ xopouo u oouupuo rueym.
Onepamop. Ecmi npeocmae.euue, eoe ouu uaxoomc?
Tamiua. Pruee, u eo +uoeux +ecmax.
Onepamop. Bi.u roumarmi c uu+u? Busya.iuie roumarmi.
Tamiua. V uac uem.
Onepamop. A suauue omryoa, :mo ouu soeci ecmi?
Tamiua. Mi suae+, :mo ouu ma+ ecmi, uo ue nomo+y, :mo ca+u ux euoe.u. Haeepuoe,
rmo-mo us uauux ux euoe..
Onepamop. Xo:emc ece-maru noc+ompemi ua uux.
Tamiua. Hem. Here.ame.iuo, :mooi ce:ac ouu sua.u, :mo +i soeci.
Onepamop. Hoc+ompemi mar. :mooi ouu ue euoe.u.
Tamiua. Mi nora ue +ore+ mar coe.ami.
Onepamop. Umo sua:um nora?
Tamiua. To ecmi, :mooi ua uux noc+ompemi, omo oimi r uu+ ua maro+
paccmouuu, :mooi ux yeuoemi. A omo sua:um, :mo u ouu uac more +oeym yeuoemi.
Onepamop. To ecmi +acrupoeamic ue.is
Tamiua. He suam.
Onepamop. Tom, rmo cooouu. o uux, e eeo coooueuuu rar ouu queypupymm? Ouu
npeocmae.mm rarym-mo onacuocmi o. eac u.u uem? Ho:e+y uyruo ux usoeeami?
Tamiua. Mi xomu+ ocmamic soeci, uo +i ue suae+, rar y uac c.oramc
omuoueuu. Ouu- omo ue +i, a c :yru+u eceeoa c.oruo ua.arueami omuoueuu. Mi ue
suae+, rarue ouu
Onepamop. Honpooye+ eepuymic uasao. Ho:e+y ei soeci orasa.uci, no:e+y uaoo
soeci ocmamic?
Tamiua. Mi xomu+ npumu cmoa rar eocmu, nomo+ rar ru.ii. Jmo ue npocmo
npocmo +i xomu+. Jmo ecmecmeeuua nompeouocmi e pacuupeuuu, e nepece.euuu.
Onepamop. Bepue+c r mo+y +ecmy, omryoa npuu.u. Umo u+euuo uaoo pacuupmi?
Tamiua. Jmo rar epynna paseeoru. Paseeo:uru. Mi uau.u npueooui o. rusuu
+up, uo orasa.oci, :mo ou yre no:mu saum.
Onepamop. A ceo +up, oo ueeo o.usro?
Tamiua. a.ero. He crasami, :mo o:eui, uo oa.ero. Mi +ore+ myoa eepuymic e
c+ic.e, no npooo.rume.iuocmu epe+euu, uo nora ue +oey omoroecmeumi, eoe omo.
Onepamop. Hepe+ecmu+c uasao e cocmaee epynni r mo+y +ecmy, omryoa oma epynna
cmapmoea.a.
Tamiua. V +eu ouyueuue, :mo +i ue npu.eme.u ua :e+-mo, a nepe+ecmu.uci. B ue
+oey omoroecmeumi mpaucnopmuoe cpeocmeo. Hpocmo ecmi raroe-mo +ecmo, :epes
romopoe, rar +ue raremc, +i ece npou.u. Humepecuo ece-maru, no:e+y y +eu maroe
ouyueuue, :mo ma+ eoe-mo ece sano.ueuo Ta+ oi. rmo-mo us uac u uao.moa.. Ouu rar
oi cmpauuo, maroe ouyueuue, :mo uac +oeym yeuoemi u c eosoyxa, u :mo +i eoooue
soeci nepei pas. C.oruo omo ece onucami... Ta :acmi +upa, eoe rueym, oua oo.ee
mrua, ouu ma+ oo.ee croueumpupoeaui. A ma+, eoe +i ce:ac - oo.iuo rusuu uem. B
8
u+em eeuoy :e.oee:ecro. Hpupooa oo.ee nycma, mo.iro rueomuie. A eom ma+, eoe me
rueym ouu rueym oo.ee cry:euuo, ouyueuue uaciueuuocmu u+euuo :e.oee:ecro
rusuu.
Onepamop. Ta+ oo.ee ceem.o, :e+ soeci?
Tamiua. a, ma+ ceem.o u men.o. Ho ouyueuue cyemi, cymo.oru.
Onepamop. To ecmi mom +up, omryoa npuu.u ma+ maroeo uem?
Tamiua. Hem, ma+ cnorouee. Mi nouu+ae+, :mo ec.u uac oouapyram, +oeym oimi
rouq.urmi, a +i omoeo nora ue xomu+.
Onepamop. Cma.o oimi, :eeo-mo xomu+?
Tamiua. Hora uao.moami.
Onepamop. Kar oo.eo +oruo uao.moami? Ue+ oepauu:euo epe+ uao.moeuu?
Tamiua. B oo omo+ ue saoy+ieamci, nomo+y :mo .uoo omo oyoem aemo+amu:ecru
(ua ypoeue peq.ercoe), mo .u rmo-mo ua+ crarem.
Onepamop. Hao.moami sa :e+?
Tamiua. Kar omo uasieaemc, peroeuocupoera +ecmuocmu. Hora npocmo
oc+ampueae+c.
Onepamop. Toeoa ome.e:e+c om oc+ompa, u euu+auue ua ceoux cnymuuroe. Ceom
oo.m y:acmu e omo orcneouuu nepe.oru+ ua uux uem re uu:eeo e omo+ cmpauuoeo?
Tamiua. Hem maro eos+oruocmu. Karoi oe.aem ceoe oe.o.
Onepamop. Karoi cneua.ucm e ceoe oo.acmu?
Tamiua. Vuueepca.i.
Onepamop. Jma orcneouu cmoa ooua us +uoeux? Ecmi .u rara-mo cxe+a, u.u
cn.ouuo orcnpo+m?
Tamiua. 3oeci +i nepeie. B ue saoy+iea.aci o mo+, rar cucme+a noucra
ycmauoe.eua. Jmo epooe oi rar meryua oeme.iuocmi. Jmo ue :mo-mo maroe cynep
Onepamop. To ecmi, ec.u omo ooi:ua paseeoieame.iua onepau, mo, sua:um, oi.u
u opyeue?
Tamiua. Jmo, cropee, uay:ua. Jmo rar oi +emoou:ecru noucr. Jmo nompeouocmi
ue cmo.iro qusu:ecra, cro.iro oyxoeua, uume..ermya.iua. Houmi, ucc.eooeami
r.o:or sa r.o:ro+, n.auemy sa n.auemo, ec.u +oruo mar crasami Tym uac youeu.o mo,
:mo +i uamo.ruy.uci ua oo.iuoe ro.u:ecmeo o:eui noxorux ua uac, ua paseumym
ueu.usaum.
Onepamop. Jmom +up mexuo.oeu:ui, c romopi+ cmo.ruy.uci? Texuura ua eaue+
re ypoeue?
Tamiua. Hpuuun coece+ opyeo. 3oeci oo.iue npupooy nepeoe.ieamm, +eumm, +i
oo.iue uao.moae+, cmapae+c ue e+euueamic. Mi roppermupye+, uo, ucxoo us uaueeo
nouu+auu, roue:uo, uo +i cmapae+c ue nepe.a+ieami npupooy, ue nepeoe.ieami.
Onepamop. B oa.iueue+ n.auupyemc raru+-mo oopaso+ eosoecmeoeami u.u
roumarmupoeami c aoopueeua+u?
Tamiua. a. Mi cua:a.a oo.rui noumi, rarue ouu. Taroe ouyueuue, :mo ma+ ue
coece+ ece mar npocmo, :mo +i cmo.ruy.uci c me+, :mo o.usro r ua+ no ypoeum. C maru+
re cooouecmeo+, romopoe no ypoeum paseumum o.usro r ua+.
Onepamop. a.iue-mo :mo oyoem?
Tamiua. Mi nora ue suae+, +i nora oo omo+ oare ue oy+ae+. Haua saoa:a
coopami uuqop+aum u, +orem oimi, uamu +ecmo, eoe +i +ore+ raroe-mo epe+,
oyoy:u ue oouapyreuui+u, npooo.rami uao.moeuu.
Onepamop. Bepue+c uasao r mo+y +ecmy, o. roeo omo ece cooupaemc. Ecmi re
eump raro-mo, eoe oopaoamieaemc oma uuqop+au?
Tamiua. Taroe ouyueuue, :mo nymi ommyoa cmoa o:eui oicmpi. Ho omo
mexuu:ecru cnocoo. Jmo ue noonpocmpaucmeeuui myuue.i raro-mo, omo opyeoe, uo
mexuu:ecroe.
Onepamop. Huqop+au ronumc, u.u mym re nepeoaemc ryoa-mo?
9
Tamiua. A +i rar oi u ma+, u soeci. To ecmi +i oare ue y.ema.u uuryoa, a rar oi
ympo+ exoou.u ua oerypcmeo, a ee:epo+ eepuy.uci.
Onepamop. Bepuy.uci-mo ryoa?
Tamiua. Jmo ue pooua n.auema, omo npo+erymo:ua oasa. Jmo raroe-mo
ucryccmeeuuoe coopyreuue o:eui epo+aouoe. Ouo no pas+epa+ oare o.usro r acmepouoy
ueoo.iuo+y.
Onepamop. 4op+a npaeu.iua u.u uem?
Tamiua. Ta+ omo ueearuo. J.e+eumi uapa, u rarue-mo ye.oeamie roucmpyruu.
4op+a ue e.uem ua ceocmea.
Onepamop. Uucmo eusya.iuo ma n.auema om omoeo ooerma euoua, uanpu+ep, e
me.ecron?
Tamiua. Hem. Ho omo e oouo ea.armure, e oouo seesouo oouuocmu. O' Bom me+
oua ua+ u upaeumc npu+. - 3e+., :mo oua ruea ecmecmeeuua, a ue ucryccmeeuua.
Xomi +i u cmpou+ eom omu oasi, xomi ouu u yoooui o. rusuu, uo ua+ xo:emc
uamypa.iuoeo. Hoomo+y +i u ue cmapae+c e+euueamic e rusui, a oo.iue uao.moae+.

Hnrepecno, uro nam ncrpernnnct yxe necxontxo cnyuaen, noxastnammnx, uro,
nosmoxno, nonnt sacenennx nponcxonnn n pasnoe npemx, no npenmymecrnenno n Cenepnom
nonymapnn. Hacrt perpeccanron onnctnaer ntcaxy n paon npnronoro nx xnsnn
Cenepnoro nonmca (roro mecra, xoropoe ceuac nm xnnxercx), uacrt ntcaxy n
npnnonxpnte onacrn, no yxe rora, xora nonmc tn neonraem, a sacenenno crana
mxnax uacrt nnanert.

Baxno ormernrt cneymmee:
1) B ornomennn onnctnaemtx rexnnuecxnx ycrpocrn perpeccanrt moryr erantno
onncart nnemnn nn n +]]exr or nx ecrnnx, no ne npnnnnnt, na xoroptx onn paoramr,
n ne rexnnuecxoe ycrpocrno. Tora, n npomnom, onn ne saymtnannct o nx ycrpocrne, a
npocro ncnontsonann, xax n mt ceuac ncnontsyem renennsopt, mnxpononnonte neun n
npoune npemert namero tra.
2) Taxne xe ocoennocrn tnamr n n uacrn omennx c pyrnmn cymecrnamn. Hnora
omenne nponcxonr c nomomtm otuno peun (xorx y perpeccanra n moxer nosnnxnyrt
nonnmanne roro, uro xstx emy ne snaxom n rexyme xnsnn, no n cocroxnnn rpanca on xax-
ro nonnmaer snauenne nponsnocnmtx cnon). Hnora xe ono cnonecno-opasnoe (Eeeeuu.
Bsir, romopi+ ou paccrasieaem Ou eoeopum :mo-mo, oare uenoumuoe +ue, a
no.y:am omeem e euoe oopasa. Mue uaoo npocmo uamu aua.oeum mo+y, :mo eury).
3) Te, xro nocnpnnnmaer cex noromxamn cnerno ntcoxopocno pact, coomamr o
naprnepcxnx ornomennxx nnyrpn cnoero coomecrna. Hx coomecrno ennnoct na
]ynxnnonantnte norpynnt no nnam sanxrn (ycnonno ronopx, nyremecrnennnxn,
samnrnnxn, re, xro oecneunnan nnrannem n npou.). Onaxo, xecrxoe saxpennenne cyexra
sa ]ynxnnonantno norpynno orcyrcrnonano, nponcxonno nepepacnpeenenne n
sanncnmocrn or cxnonnocre n cnoconocre cyexra. Morna nmert mecro n
nonn]ynxnnonantnocrt. Tax, Enrennx (rounee, roro uenonexa, xoroptm on xnnxncx nnn
omyrnn cex n rom npemenn) n cnny nmenmnxcx y nero rora nnrennexryantntx n
ncnxo]nsnonornuecxnx cnoconocre ns rpynnt semneentnen nepenenn n rpynny yunrene
(raxne cnona on cam noopan, xorx onn ne concem coornercrnymr ntnonnxemtm
]ynxnnxm).
4) Taxxe nx anrponomop]ntx pac xapaxrepno, uro npn nonnmannn onee ntcoxoro
nonoxennx nexoero cyexra nnyrpn norpynnt, nnte cyexrt ornocnnnct x nemy xax x
ronapnmy nnn pary, no ne xax x rocnonny nnn nauantnnxy. To ecrt, anropnrapnocrt
orcyrcrnonana nonnocrtm. Xapaxrepno, uro raxo xe rnn connantnoro noneennx n
nocnpnxrnx cnoero oxpyxennx npncym +rnm nmxm n ceuac.
10
5) Cnoco oprannsannn omecrna npecrannrene eno uenonexonoono pact
ocnonan ne na ynpannennn no npnymanntm saxonam, a na ocnone npnpoocoopasnx: onn
nonnmann, x xaxnm nocnecrnnxm nx npnpot moxer npnnecrn ro nnn nnoe ecrnne, n
cnom exrentnocrt ocnontnann nmenno na +rom nonnmannn.
6) Cnoco pacmnpennx sannmaemoro npocrpancrna nx raxnx pac n rom uncne
xononnsannn 3emnn onee mxrxn. On ocnonan na ocrnxennn nsanmononnmannx n
nocrenenno accnmnnxnnn, a ne na xecrxom nounnennn yxe npoxnnammnx cymecrn.

Mnccnonepc1no

V nexoroptx perpeccanron namxrt raxxe ntaer cneennx o nx nnesemnom trnn n
cneymmem sa nnm semnom, no nponecc +ror ncnontsyercx ne nx xononnsannn, a nx
ntnonnennx nexoe mnccnn, saaun n ornomennn cymecrnymmero uenoneuecxoro
coomecrna.
B onom ns raxnx cnyuaen perpeccanrxa cunraer, uro ona npnmna na 3emnm nx
nonyuennx xaxoro-ro ontra, neoxonmoro nx ycnemnoro cymecrnonannx ee cocrnenno
pono nnnnnnsannn, xoropax nornana ns-sa +xonornuecxnx npnunn.
A nor n pyrom cnyuae nn]opmannx necxontxo onee rpenoxamax, n nor nouemy.
Pennnnenrom tna Ontra xenmnna 38 ner, nerepnnap no npo]eccnn.
Hocroxnnt noncx xaxoro-ro cnoero nyrn couerancx n ne c nexoroptm nenpnxrnem
nme (ncex nme, xax raxontx) n cnoxnocrxmn c aanranne n connyme. Bo npemx
ceancon ona nourn cpasy ntmna na nocnomnnannx o trnn n rene nexoero
neanrponomop]noro cymecrna, onaammero cnoeopasntm pasymom. Omecrno, n xoropom
ona rora naxonnact, nmeno uerxo ntpaxennym nepapxnuecxym crpyxrypy ns nyx
yponne xacr. K onee nnsxo xacre ornocnnnct cymecrna, naxonnmnecx, xax ona
cunraer, na nnsme crynenn pasnnrnx, nx ]ynxnnn npnmnrnnnt rpy n ocnyxnnanne
onee ntcoxopasnnrtx. K ntcme xacre xe ornocxrcx cymecrna, nmemmne nnym
mop]onornm, onee paspexennoe reno, oneruennoe n ne nmemmee cranntno ]opmt.
Hpnuem xax ]ynxnnx, rax n mecro n nepapxnn onpeenxmrcx no poxennm no xauecrnam,
npncymnm or poxennx xonxpernomy nonornuecxomy cyexry. Orcyrcrnyer (nnn xpane
mana) nosmoxnocrt nx rnopuecxo camopeannsannn nnunocrn n nntx,
nesanporpammnponanntx onacrxx exrentnocrn. onycrnmo rontxo conepmencrnonanne
nepnonauantno ]ynxnnn.
Kax raxono, +ror cnoco connantno oprannsannn omecrna nnonne onycrnm, on
ncrpeuaercx n n ycnonnxx 3emnn nanpnmep, ouent noxox na npnnnnn oprannsannn
coomecrn mypanten nnn nuen. Ho, uro nam noxasanoct naxntm, +ra perpeccanrxa ocosnana
nannune y cex nnuno mnccnn, c xoropo ona noxnnnact na 3emne (nnn tna nepenpannena
na 3emnm). 3ect axe moxno npnnecrn necxontxo pennnx n npxmo peun (ocnonno):
Omeem. B oo.rua. o.rua omo npumuo u.u uenpumuo, uo r omo+y eomoem.
Ha 3e+.m nomu. Mue uaoo.
Bonpoc. Hpeoieauue Baue soeci earuo o. .moe u.u o. Bac?
Omeem. Hooeomoera .moe. Omuoueuu+, opyeo+y omuoueuum. pyea rusui .moe
oyoem. Hepexoo cropo oo.reu oimi, ra:ecmeeuui. Oouue roc+u:ecrue saroui, .mou
oo.rui uay:umic coo.moami, npuumi. Jmo earuo
Bonpoc. Jmo nepexoo n.auoei?
Omeem. a, :mooi ue paspyuu.u. dmou :mooi ue paspyuu.u, u.u ux paspyuam
.moe. Ec.u ue oyoym coo.moami saroui.
Hannno ocrarouno xecrxne ycranonxn n ornomennn uenoneuecrna. Hpn +rom, Ontra
omymaer, uro ntnyxena n +ro cnoe semno xnsnn npncnocannnartcx n xnrt
ocrarouno cxptrno (nnnmo, +rnm omymennem ntsnana ee nexommynnxaentnocrt n
npenourenne omennx c xnnorntmn omennm c nmtmn).
11
Bo npemx ceanca perpeccnn ncxptnoct raxxe, uro y nee o nospacra n 2,5 roa tn
xonraxr c cymecrnamn, xoroptx ona nenrn]nnnponana xax cnonx, xoropte noxnnxnnct n
ee ome n nnnmom em onnxe. Ho uro-ro, nnnmo, nomno ne rax (moxer trt,
nonornuecxoe reno oxasanoct neocrarouno npncnoconenntm), n +ror xonraxr
npexparnncx, rax xax ntstnan y nee cnntnt crpax.
Hs ecet crano nonxrno, uro y +ro xenmnnt sanoxena nporpamma, uro ecnn ona ne
ntnonnnr cnom mnccnm o 43 ner, ro ee, xax ona cxasana, onxrt yepyr, ro ecrt,
ocrarouno xecrxax ycranonxa na nonornuecxym cmeprt n cnyuae, ecnn ona ne ycranonnr
orxptrt xonraxr co cnonmn npexnnmn coponuamn n ne nauner ntnonnxrt sanoxennym
saauy. Hpn +rom ona nonnmaer, uro orxptrt xonraxr moxer npnnecrn ee n
ncnxnarpnuecxym xnnnnxy. Ho nporpamma nce panno paoraer.
Baxno eme, uro +ra xenmnna omyrnna, nnn ncnomnnna, npo npncyrcrnne na 3emne
eme mnornx raxnx xe, xax ona, c xoroptmn ona onxna xaxnm-ro opasom ntrn na cnxst.
Hnrara: Hac, marux, +uoeo. Ouu eesoe. Ouu epynnupymmc, u omo oosame.iuo uaoo,
:mooi ouu epynnupoea.uci. H, no.y:aemc, +o +uccu more epynnupoeamic.
3romy ecrt ananor ns npaxrnxn paort c xonraxranramn, xora rem nacrounno
pexomenymr ncxart pocrnenntx nnunocre nnn ennomtmnennnxon, xoroptx
oennxrt n rpoxn, nxrepxn n r.. no uncnennocrn rpynnt.
axe ecnn npenonoxnrt, uro nocnomnnannx perpeccanron ecrt ne nponecc peantnoro
(marepnantnoro) nosecrnnx na uenoneuecxoe coomecrno co cropont nntx pasymntx
coomecrn, a nnmt ]anrasnnt, ymospnrentnt nponecc, ro nce panno nannno nocroxnnoe
nn]opmannonnoe nnnxnne nnnnanne n conoxynnoe uenoneuecxoe mnponosspenne nntx
npecrannenn o mnpoycrpocrne.

Onncanne nneseunoro uec1a an1entc1na

Hnrepec npecrannxer n onncanne mecr, xoropte perpeccanrt nocnpnnnmamr xax
pono om, orxya onn n pasnoe npemx n no pasntm npnunnam nepecennnnct na semnm.
Ono n xaxom cnyuae conepmenno pasnnuno. Ho n xaxom cnyuae +ro conepmenno uerxax,
nocneonarentnax xaprnna.

Hpnmep 1 Enrenn (ncnomnnn cex n opase rymanona myxcxoro nona n nynono
pace, no renecnomy ycrpocrny nenrnunouenoneuecxo eno pace).
Eeeeuu. Ia.armura ue uaua, mo ecmi eue oa.iue suauue+ oo.aoam, :mo +i
oare ue us omo ea.armuru. Umo-mo e paoue Bo.iuo Meoeeoui.
Onepamop Onuciea mo +ecmo, omryoa ouu cmapmoea.u. To +ecmo, ryoa eom omu
.mou .mou exoom e roroui, nperoe, :e+ nepe+ecmumic ua omom ocmpoe.
Eeeeuu. Oceeueuue cuueeo eema, mo ecmi ue uau cnermp oe.i, a cuuu cnermp
Ocuoeua pacmume.iuocmi - ouo.oeu:ecra - quo.emoeoeo eema. Ha ueooceooe oea
co.ua, oee seesoi. Ooua pas+epo+ npu+epuo rar uaue Co.ue, a emopa rar dyua. dyua,
oua nooo.iue ua ueooceooe raremc
Onepamop. Kar ouu omuocume.iuo opye om opyea?
Eeeeuu. Kpynuoe saxooum, +a.euiroe ue+uorro ue ooxooum oo seuuma.
Onepamop. Ti omryoa uao.moaeui?
Eeeeuu. B cmom ua oa.rou:ure. Coopyreuue more oepeeooopasuoe, us raroeo-mo
nopucmoeo +amepua.a. Mamepua. men.i, u uerueo, u rueo oouoepe+euuo. Ba.rou:ur
rar eemra, nepen.emeuui, ece us omoeo +amepua.a coe.auo u oa.rou:ur, u ca+o omo
coopyreuue. B cmom eoe-mo ua ypoeue emopoeo omara npu+epuo, u c+ompm ua
cmapmoeym n.ouaory. Kar pas ce:ac eom mo.iro :mo cospe. rorou (npu+. reasu-rueo
ooerm, romopi ucno.isoea.c marre, rar mpaucnopmuoe cpeocmeo)...
Onepamop. Ba.rou:ur omo npooo.reuue no+eueuu, u.u rar?
Eeeeuu. Csaou +eu npocmo npoe+ ceemuuc.
12
Onepamop. Boou, noc+ompu.
Eeeeuu. Vnpyeu... A, nou.' Jmom npoe+ +ue npocmo uaoo, roeoa r ue+y
nooxory, nooy+ami, ryoa xo:y nonacmi. Ou +eu nepeuecem e .moym mo:ry
n.auemi.

Hpnmep 2 Hnxona (erann cnoero renecnoro onnxa emy na ror momenr ncnomnnrt
ne yanoct, nn nensnecrnoro neecnoro rena on nanman xax t co cropont).
Huro.a. ua ue no:e+y-mo +uoeo opaureeoeo eema, rpo+e cuueeo u se.euoeo.
Onepamop. Hpuo.usic, pacc+ompu, :mo sa opaureei eem. Umo ua omo n.aueme
opaureeoeo eema?
Huro.a. Mae+a.
Onepamop. Kar oua pacno.oreua? Omryoa oua ucxooum?
Huro.a. Boo.i rarux-mo .uuu, ux uecro.iro. He mar +uoeo, uo ouu npucymcmeymm.
Ouyueuue, :mo ouu ue cu.iuo +euamm se.euo+y muna, mpaei. Tpaea, rycmapuuru. Bce
rar-mo rueem no coceocmey, u ue saoueaem.
Onepamop. A cuuee :mo?
Huro.a. Booa.
Onepamop. Pase.ou mo +ecmo, eoe mpaea, rycmi. Ecmi .u ma+ :mo-mo oeeamuee,
no.samuee?
Huro.a. Cmpauuo, mpaea se.eua, a oepeei cmom oes .ucmiee. To ecmi eo.ie
eemru, uo omo rar oi ouu ue ona.u, omo npocmo marue oepeei. Hpieamueeo u oeeamueeo
nora uuroeo ue eury.
Onepamop. Ec.u eoo.i noeepxuocmu omo n.auemi nonepe+euamic, :mo euouui?
Huro.a. O:eui +uoeo eesepoe useepeamuuxc, npu:e+ eempa uem coeepueuuo.
Hoomo+y ece omo np+i+u cmo.oa+u yxooum. Oo.ara cepo-oe.ie marue, eem ueoa
oe.eci. Ooi:uie oo.ara, npu:e+ ouu ue ry:eeie, a n.ocrue marue. are ey.raui u
eesepi omu ouu ue o:eui na:ramm ueoo.

Hpnmep 3 Tartxna (ncnomnnna cex n opase rymanona xencxoro nona n nynono
pace, no renecnomy ycrpocrny nenrnuno uenoneuecxo eno pace).
Onepamop. +i oooupae+c oo oo+a. Jmo ue mar oa.ero, mar no.aeam?
Tamiua. Hem ouyueuu +uoeoomaruix oo+oe, ecmi ouyueuue uuoueuoya.iuoeo
ru.i. Jmo ucr.m:ume.iuo +o oo+, ou noo +eu npucnocoo.eu, ou ue nepeepyreu uu:e+,
ou npocmo o. omoixa, o. ro+qopma.
Onepamop. Kar ei exooume e omom oo+?
Tamiua. Humepecuo, oeepi ue omrpieaemc, a rar oi nponaoaem. To ecmi
uaru+am ua raroe-mo +ecmo, y:acmor omo oeepu, u eom uem ouyueuu, :mo oua ryoa-mo
yxooum npocmo exory. Oua npocmo :acmi cmeui. Mecmo, ryoa uyruo uarami, ouo
:e+ mo om.u:aemc om cmeui Bie.oum cmeua raro-mo ucryccmeeuui +amepua.,
oapxamucmi ua ouyni, ceem.i, eem me+uo-+o.o:ui. Jmo ue+uoeo npunooumo uao
se+.e uem ouyueuu, :mo ou recmro nocareu ua noeepxuocmi. Ecmi onopi, uo
roucmpyrum ue coece+ xopouo npeocmae.m. Buympu maroe ouyueuue, :mo +i mo.iro
cnu+ u omoixae+. He mar, rar e uauux reapmupax, eoe ece nepeepyreuo +eoe.im,
uuqop+aue, ruuea+u, nocyoo. Ta+ ece, :mo cesauo c oyuo, cepoe+ u eo.oeo omo
ece e rarux-mo opyeux +ecmax oe.aemc, a oo+ ucr.m:ume.iuo o. omoixa. Xom y +eu
ouyueuue, :mo ecmi o:eui .eeru oocmyn r uuqop+auu u+euuo us oo+a. Ouyueuue
uume..ermya.usauu, :mo .u. O:eui ceem.oe :mo-mo euympu, rar oyomo oi ou ceem
nponycraem. O:eui oo.iuue orua. Bom uumepecuo cuapyru ou rar oyomo uenpospa:ui,
a euympi saxoouui u euouui soopoeoe oruo, romopoe coeepueuuo npospa:uoe. Ouyueuue
no.uo oesonacuocmu, ece coeepueuuo ro+qopmuo u npuei:uo.
Onepamop. Ecmi eooa euympu?
13
Tamiua. Ecmi ouyueuue, :mo eooy +oruo no.y:umi. Hem raua.usauu, uo eooy
+oruo no.y:umi. Kar oyomo :epes cmeui oo+a - ranu..pua cucme+a, ua npuuune
oc+oca oua paoomaem. . :eeo? Honumi Tar, o. +e.rux uyro. Ouyueuue, :mo mo, us
:eeo coe.aua oo+auu oocmauoera u ooeroa, mar ycmpoeuo, :mo ouo nepepaoamieaem
ece eioe.euu opeauus+a Hpnm. r.e. orxot ne ntnoxrcx napyxy no rnny name
xanannsannn|. o+a +i mo.iro cnu+ u.u sauu+ae+c :e+-mo maru+, roeoa uyruo
oouuo:ecmeo. A omoix o. ueeo +oey ryoa-mo nomu, noexami, nooouamic c re+-mo,
mo ecmi omo ro..ermueuoe epe+npoeoroeuue, u ue cesauo c oo+auue oocmauoero.
Cou. +i, no-+oe+y, oo+a cnu+. Ecmi e oo+e +ecmo o. cua. Ecmi ouyueuue, :mo ecmi
:mo-mo muna uauux eocmuuu. To ecmi ue oosame.iuo +oey oo+o eosepauamic, +oey
u eoe-mo nepeuo:eeami.
Onepamop. To ecmi uo:i u oeui ecmi. Ceemu.o raroe?
Tamiua. Bo.ee oe.oe, :e+ Co.ue, u +euee rpynuoe, +ue no:e+y-mo raremc. Bom
uao me+ +ecmo+, eoe uaxoryci, ouo no:mu no eepmura.u nepe+euaemc. Jr.unmura
eepmura.iuo pacno.oreua. Cropocmi nepe+eueuu ouyueuue, :mo ue+uorro
no+eo.euuee, uo omo c.oruo cpaeuumi. H.auema e cpaeueuuu c 3e+.e oyomo oi ue+uoeo
oo.iue, uo cpaeuumi c.oruo. Oua oo.ee n.ocra, npo +op ue eury, u.u ouu oo.ee
+e.rue u +a.euirue

Hpnmep 4 Banenrnna (ncnomnnna cex n opase pasymnoro ptonoonoro
cymecrna).
Onepamop. Ti oo+a. Umo euouui? Ouyueuu?
Ba.eumuua. Ta+ eooa. 3e.euoeama mara, rpacuea. Hooeooui +up. Ceem omryoa -
oare ue suam. Ou ue me+ui, ceem.i +up, oceeueuui.
Onepamop. Buouo oa.ero e npeoe.ax omo eooi? (a.) B npeoe.ax meoeeo speuu :mo-
.uoo ecmi?
Ba.eumuua. Pacmeuu nooeoouie, rar eemi, rpacueeuue.
Onepamop. Kmo-uuoyoi n.aeaem? ueie cyuecmea?
Ba.eumuua. H ua :e.oeera noxoru, u ua pioy.
Onepamop. Onuuu omu cosoauu noopoouee. Ti suaeui, rmo omo, u.u npocmo
euouui?
Ba.eumuua. Cosoauu pasy+uie. Te.o ouyuam.
Onepamop. Moruo crasami, rarux :acme me.a uem, a rarue ecmi e mo+ me.e?
Ba.eumuua. a ece npucymcmeyem.
Onepamop. A no qop+e ouu noxoru ua uauu :e.oee:ecrue?
Ba.eumuua. a ue o:eui.
Onepamop. B :e+ om.u:ue?
Ba.eumuua. Hy, rar pioa om :e.oeera. 4op+a, romopa oomerae+a e eooe. ma+
:mo-mo npousou.o. He o:eui xopouee. Ta+ mo.iro , oo.iue uuroeo uem.
Onepamop. Tenepi eepue+c uasao oo moeo +o+euma, roeoa :mo-mo npousou.o
Ba.eumuua. Bom rar mo.iro mi npousuec, :mo eepue+c uasao sa oo.iuoe
ro.u:ecmeo epe+euu, ma+ eooa cma.a ruuemi omu+u cyuecmea+u. B ue +oey noumi, :mo
ouu oe.amm, nomo+y :mo ue eury ma+ uu cmpoeuu, uu:eeo.
Onepamop. A no:e+y mi oo.rua euoemi cmpoeuu? Ti ceo om omux cyuecme rar-
mo omoe.eui? Ti nouu+aeui, :mo omo ouu, a omo mi?
Ba.eumuua. Hy, npocmo rar pioi n.aeamm, mar u ouu. Booa pro-ca.amuoeo eema.
Onepamop. Honpooy nooumic r noeepxuocmu omo eooi.
Ba.eumuua. Cosuauue+ +oey nooumic r noeepxuocmu omo eooi, a :epes raro-mo
c.o npomu ue +oey. Ho:e+y, ue suam. Karo-mo c.o nepeo me+, rar us eooi eimu,
rar oyomo ue.is e ueeo exooumi epauua rara-mo.
Onepamop. Cosuauue+, pasy+o+ mi +oreui nooumic uao eooo u noc+ompemi,
:mo ma+ maroe.
14
Ba.eumuua. Hoeepxuocmi rara-mo rymroeama, e mo+ c+ic.e, :mo oua rar eapeeo
runum, oy.iraem. Ta+ raro-mo o:eui cu.iui npoecc npoucxooum. A omu cyuecmea ue
e omo+ c.oe, romopi oy.iraem. Heem y ueeo se.euoeamo-oo.omui, oare o.ure r
:epuo+y. H, no-+oe+y, uaciueu uenpumui+u easa+u.
Onepamop. Omoa.uci om omoeo +ecma, :mooi yeuoemi e e.o+ ecm rapmuuy.
Ba.eumuua. Taroe, no-+oe+y, eesoe eooa eom oma oy.iramua. Kpo+e eooi, uu:eeo
ue eury. Umo-mo maroe eoseiuaemc, uo ua eopi ue noxore npocmo ro+i rarue-mo
pix.ie.
Onepamop. Ecmi .u ma+ raro-uuoyoi ceem?
Ba.eumuua. Ceem ecmi, uo ceemu.a ue eury. Ou poeui eo ecex uanpae.euux, uo
omryoa ucxooum, ue eury.
Onepamop. Tenepi onycrae+c euus, noo noeepxuocmim, uacro.iro +oruo uure.
Ecmi .u raroe-mo oepauu:euue, u.u +oruo onycramic cro.i yeoouo e.yooro?
Ba.eumuua. Hem, oa.iue uoem more c.o, eooa ecmi, uo uem ceema. ueoeo ma+ ue
euouo, e omo+ c.oe.
Onepamop. Ho meou+ ouyueuu+, ecmi rpa omoeo c.o? (Ecmi). Ue+ eooa cuusy
oepauu:eua?
Ba.eumuua. Iycma ropu:ueea +acca. Ha+uoeo eyue, :e+ ueqmi, +ac.uucma
mara.
Onepamop. Ec.u no omo epauue +eroy c.oe+, eoe ecmi rusui, u +ac.uucmi+,
cosuauue+ npooeramic myoa-cmoa, uacro.iro oa.ero omo +oruo?
Ba.eumuua. Jmo n.auema mara

Hpnmep 5 Ontra (ncnomnnna cex n nne arponomop]noro pasymnoro cymecrna
myxcxoro nona n nynono pace c nonornuecxnmn ornnunxmn nonoct xnnxnnct opranom
uyncrn n reneparopom +neprernuecxo samnrt, pocr n cpannennn co cpennm uenoneuecxnm
pasa n 4-5 ontme).
O.iea. Pacmume.iuocmu uem. Io.ie cra.i. e.moeamo-opaureeoe :mo-mo eorpye,
uo omo oopoea. A cuusy :mo-mo oo.ruo noouu+amic oe.i+ ceemo+ maru+, pro-oe.i+
ceemo+.
Onepamop. Bi npeono.aeaeme, :mo omo ceemumc?
O.iea. Hy, :mo-mo muna uaueeo Co.ua eocxooum. H ouo rar-mo ceemum no-opyeo+y.
Onepamop. B :e+ omo om.u:ue?
O.iea. Ouo o.ure. Ouo ua+uoeo o.ure. Taroe ouyueuue, :mo eom ouo ce:ac
eioem, u Poo+. H ouo oo.iue. Uyecmeyemc no ceemy, :mo ouo o.ure
Onepamop. H oo.iue pas+epo+?
O.iea. Hy, ec.u o.ure, mo u oo.iue, +ue rar-mo mar raremc.
Onepamop. Karue y Bac ouyueuu r omo+y ceemu.y eosuuramm? Ko+qopm u.u
oucro+qopm?
O.iea. Hu ro+qopm, uu oucro+qopm npocmo eeo suam. Bocnpuuu+am
ecmecmeeuuo. B npocmo ua ueeo c+ompm, roy. Ho roeoa ouo oyoem noouu+amic eiue, y
+eu no:e+y-mo maroe ouyueuue, :mo uyruo ryoa-mo ymu. Homo+y :mo ouo o:eui
o.usroe, u pas uem pacmume.iuocmu, sua:um, ouo oorueaem, uaeepuoe.
Onepamop. Bi suaeme, ryoa Ba+ uyruo ymu? Jmo +ecmo poo+?
O.iea. Hy, maroe ouyueuue, :mo eoe-mo cnpaea. Umo-mo muna eopi, u ma+ exoo.

Texnonornuecxne yc1ponc1na n nponeccm

Hnrepec npecrannxer onncanne ne ncrpeuammnxcx n ycnonnxx semno nnnnnnsannn
cnoxntx rexnonornuecxnx ycrpocrn, xoropte, no npecrannennxm perpeccanron,
naxoxrcx nno n rnyoxom xocmoce, nno na nntx nnanerax. V perpeccanron, xax npannno,
15
nmeercx nonnmanne ]ynxnn n npenasnauennx +rnx ycrpocrn, no nm sarpynnrentno
tnaer noopart noxoxmne onncannx.

Hpnmep 1 Enena (cno renecnt onnx ncnomnnrt ne cmorna, nno on cymecrnenno
ornnuancx or anrponomop]noro. Bcnomnnna npo nexn oexr, ne npnnxsannt x
xonxpernomy neecnomy reny, na xoropom nexora tna cama).
Onepamop. Ioe nocmouuoe +ecmo npeoieauu mex, rmo omo ece cosoaea.?
E.eua. Hoxore, omo :mo-mo ucryccmeeuuo cosoauuoe, ue n.auema. Jmo ooeouueuue
rarux-mo rar 4 marux uapa, cesauuix e+ecme, roue.o+epam us uux. Lapi, u ua uux
ooua n.amqop+a, :mo .u. H eom ma+ y uux ocuoeuo eump. oua ucno.isyemc rar
n.amqop+a o. sanycra.
Onepamop. Hac ce:ac oo.iue uumepecyem oo+ mex, rmo omo oe.a.. Honpooy no ux
nymu eepuymic myoa.
E.eua. Hoxore, :mo me, rmo ma+ paoomaem, ouu ma+ re u rueym rar ua
nooeoouo .oore. V rarooeo ceo ramma. Jmo rar usopauuie, :mo .u H y uux omo
nepexooum rar oi no uac.eocmey. Ue.oeer cmapuu nepeoaem +.aoue+y, mo.iro omo rar-
mo no-opyeo+y, ue ua ypoeue ooy:euu, a ua ypoeue nepeoa:u +osea Kar oi ouu
c:umieamm uuqop+aum, :mo .u. are ue c:umieamm, a rar oi ouu +oseu ceou pas, u
nepeoa.u. He coece+ mar, roue:uo, uo omo uoem mo.iro euympu omo .aoopamopuu.
Onepamop. Ho ec.u rmo-mo ro+y-mo nepeoaem, mo mom, rmo nepeoa. c uu+ :mo
npoucxooum?
E.eua. Buou+o, y uux uoem paseeme.euua mara cmpyrmypa, ecmi rar oi mumaui, a
ecmi rar oi paspaoom:uru omoe.iuix uanpae.euu.
Onepamop. Omryoa ouu :epnamm ouepeum o. ceoux uyro?
E.eua. Taroe ouyueuue, :mo oua y uux oepemc uuomryoa.
Onepamop. J+ouu ma+ npucymcmeymm?
E.eua. Hem. Ta+ uayra, oo.iue noxore ua pooomocucme+y.
Onepamop. A rmo u+ onpeoe.em saoa:u, :mo u+ uyruo oe.ami?
E.eua. Kar oi omo ca+o cooo. Hem ynpae.euee, uem uanpae.muux, ece ca+o cooo
uoem.
Ouu ece rar eouua ro+auoa, u ouu paoomamm ua oouy e.i. Buou+o, ce:ac ma+ ooua
epynna, uem ourmama. Buou+o, u+ roeoa-mo oi.a ycmauoera coe.aua. H ouu, c.eoy omo
ycmauoere, ece oe.amm. Ho, rar oi omo crasami-mo He.i ue eino.ueua nora, u ouu
paoomamm, u omo uuroeoa, no-+oe+y, ue nperpamumc 3oeci +ue upaeumc mo.iro oouo,
:mo .mou (ue .mou) u+emm ecm ueooxoou+ym uuqop+aum. Boooue, ecm. 3a ece epe+,
romopie oi.o. H +oeym no.y:ami ee .eero, ue uanpeaci. Bce y uux e eo.oee.

Hpnmep 2 Haa (ncnomnnna cex n opase rymanona xencxoro nona n nynono
pace, no renecnomy ycrpocrny nenrnuno uenoneuecxo eno pace. Bocnomnnanne
ornocnrcx x nepnoy o nacroxmero poxennx n ornocnrcx x momenry, xoropt ona
nocnpnnxna xax momenr nepexoa ns nexoero nnoro mnpa x semnomy trnm).

daoa. Bury ceo euympu raroeo-mo no+eueuu, noxoreeo ua o:eui oo.iuo sa..
Ouo nycmoe, sarpimoe, uo uaxooumc euympu oo.iuoeo coopyreuu, eoe eue +uoeo marux
re no+eueuu. Jmo +a.oe no+eueuue u+eem raroe-mo qyuruoua.iuoe npeouasua:euue
nepexoouur? Hooeomoeume.iui o.or? Heem cmeu cepoeamo-cuueeamo-cupeueei,
ceem.i. Cmeui e.aorue c ueoo.iuu+u peopa+u, maroe ouyueuue, :mo qyuruoua.iuym
uaciueuuocmi u+emm ca+u cmeui, nomo+y :mo ue cosoaemc ouyueuu, :mo ma+ ecmi
raroe-.uoo ooopyooeauue. Ouo sarpimo oocmamo:uo n.omuo. B omo+ coopyreuuu ecmi u
opyeue u .mou, u ue .mou (oare ue ey+auouoi). Ouu ece saumi ceou+ oe.o+. Beci omom
ro+n.erc rar npue+uur-nepeoam:ur. Ou uaxooumc e oo.iuo+ me+uo+ npocmpaucmee, uo
e omo+ npocmpaucmee seeso ue eury. Bos+oruo, omo ue mom +amepua.iui roc+oc, r
16
romopo+y +i npueir.u. Bcmir c no+eueuu+u (sa.a+u) pacno.oreui ropuoopi, no
romopi+ .mou (u opyeue) nepeoeueammc raroi r ceoe mo:re. pyeux onucami
sampyoumci, ue cocpeooma:uea.aci ua ux oo.ure. B :e.oeer, e :e.oee:ecro+ oo.ure.
Ooeroa cepeopucmi craqauop, +amepua. e.iui, uemraui. B soeci more roy
nepexooa. Mo e.i 3e+., o:epeoua ro+auoupoera, mar crasami.

Hpnmep 3 Hnxona (cex ne nenrn]nnnponan, onncan nn n ecrnne coopyxennx,
pacnonoxennoro na neonraemo nnanere n ncnontsyemoro nx nenonxrnoro nponsnocrna).
Onepamop. A ec.u euympi sae.uymi, mo :mo-uuoyoi ma+ +oruo pase.oemi?
Huro.a. Ce:ac nonpooym. H eom oma npnm. - nnar]opma, uacrt xoncrpyxnnn|,
romopa eixooum e +ope, omo rar oi exoo. Oua o:eui oepo+ua, u no.y:aemc, :mo +oruo
no eosoyxy sa.ememi... Ta+ euympu rar-mo me+uo. Cmpauuo. Hec+omp ua mo, :mo uem
neperpimu, ma+ me+uo. To ecmi rar oi cre.em oouu cmoum, uo no.ycy+par maro
euympu. Ta+ euympu oepo+ui sa.. Bom soeci rara-mo nooceemra ecmi. To ecmi oare ue
nooceemra, a orua uaeepxy. euympu omoeo sa.a raro-mo rpye e no.y. Ou oepo+ui, u ou
noeopa:ueaemc. Ho o. :eeo ou uyreu, ue no+y.
Onepamop. Honpooy +ic.euuo noeepuymi omom rpye, noc+ompu, :mo no.y:umc.
Ec.u mi nouu+aeui, :mo ou noeopa:ueaemc, sua:um, mi +oreui suami, rar ou
eie.oum e noeepuymo+ cocmouuu u :mo npoucxooum e omom +o+eum?
Huro.a. Kar oi omo crasami, ma+ omrpieaemc oouu cermop. To ecmi om eumpa
eom mar eom pasoeueaemc (norasieaem), u npu oa.iueue+ noeopome ma+,
no.y:aemc, maroe ycmpocmeo ecmi ( ue suam, rar ouo uasieaemc). Kar oi ro.ouua
u.uuopu:ecra. Tar eom roeoa ua:uuaem noeopa:ueamic oouu cermop, mo ou
omrpieaemc. Hoeopa:ueaci oa.iue, ou omrpieaem eue oouu cermop, uo c+eueuui. H
mar oa.iue. To ecmi, roeoa ou no.uocmim nporpymumc, no.y:aemc :mo-mo epooe
apxu+eooea euuma. To ecmi rar oyomo myoa :mo-mo copacieaemc euus, a nomo+ ou e
oopamuo+ nopore sarpy:ueaemc, u npeepauaemc mo ecmi ece cermopa opye uao
opyeo+ ocmauae.ueammc, a eepxuu sarpieaemc, rar rpiuro. . :eeo omo? He suam. H
ece. 3a. nycmo, oo.iue ma+ uu:eeo uem.
Onepamop. Hy, ece paeuo, oaea nonpooye+ eepuymic pauiue moeoa, roeoa omo
ucno.isoea.oci.
Huro.a. Ce:ac. Bom. Ha omux neperpimux noeu.oci cmer.o. Bce oi.o norpimo
cmer.o+. are ue cmer.o, a rara-mo cmpauua umyra, rar no.uomu.eu uamuy.u, mo.iro
o:eui myeo uamuy.u. Ou ue o.ecmum, rar cmer.o.
Onepamop. A euympu :mo-mo +euemc?
Huro.a. Umo-mo maroe mo .u pooomi, uem, ue pooomi Umo-mo .emaem e
eosoyxe e omo ea.epee myoa-cmoa. Umo-mo rpye.oe uapuru, ue uapuru rarue-mo
Onepamop. demaem no eosoyxy? Vnopoo:euuo u.u xaomu:uo?
Huro.a. oeo.iuo ynopoo:euuo. A eom eos.e rpa omo n.amqop+i, romopa r
+opm oopaueua, ca+o +ope eo.yooeamoe maroe eo.yooeamo-se.euoe, ooi:uoe a eom y
rpa, ma+, eoe oma umyra onyueua e eooy, ouo raroeo-mo so.omucmoeo eema. Taroe
ouyueuue, :mo ma+ :mo-mo us eooi oooieamm, u.u npeoopasymm eooy eo :mo-mo, u oua
mo .u nepera:ueaemc B pacn.ae.euuoe so.omo eooa npeepauaemc rar oyomo. Ho omo
ue +ema.., :mo-mo ua ypoeue n.as+i, rarym-mo cmpauuym qop+y ouo u+eem omo oare
ue eas. H omo sara:ueaemc ue e ucmepuy, uem, ouo uoem no mpyoonpoeooy uem, oare ue
no mpyoonpoeooy, a u+euuo no npoeooy, nomo+y :mo ma+ cmoum rara-mo umyra
(uenoumuo, :mo omo maroe), u :epes uee ouo yxooum no mo.cmo+y npoeooy myoa euympi
omoeo coopyreuu. A pe.ici, rar omo uu cmpauuo, - no uu+ raro-mo ropao.i es.emaem u
ei.emaem. Ha uux caoumc u saesraem euympi sa.a. A eom oma cyocmauu so.omucma,
oua nocmynaem ryoa-mo euympi. Jma oooi:a, ec.u mar ee uaseami, oua ue nocmouuo
paoomaem, oua :epes raroe-mo epe+ eir.m:aemc.
Onepamop. Jmo cesauo rar-mo c noe.euue+ ropao.?
17
Huro.a. Hem, cyo no ece+y, ue cesauo. Kopao.i eoooue soeci ooc.yrueamuu
nepcoua. raro-mo, ue oo.ee moeo. Ta+, e sa.e, eopasoo ceem.ee ce:ac. Hpoeoo uoem ryoa-
mo e omom sa. Hem, ue e sa.. Hepeo sa.o+ ou uipem ryoa-mo euus, u yxooum noo
ro.ouuy, romopa pacrpieaemc. Ioe-mo eicoro uao sa.o+ raouua ecmi, eoe npoucxooum
ynpae.euue ece+ omu+ oe.o+. Hpou.i pas, roeoa mo.iro roucmpyruu oi.u, more
ouyua., :mo ma+ oua oi.a, uo nycma. A ce:ac ma+ rmo-mo ecmi, noxore. Hora ue
no.y:aemc noc+ompemi, rmo ma+ ecmi, npocmo oua noocee:eua usuympu. Ce:ac
nonpooym noumi, :mo omo maroe. Ta+ cmpauua roucmpyru (npu+. - nimaemc
oocuumi, ua :mo noxore ycmpocmeo, npeoopasymuee eooy e so.omucmym cyocmauum).
Lmauea mara mo.cma +ema..u:ecra, nonepe:uua y uee, u marue oea saxeama. Meroy
omu+u saxeama+u :mo-mo npoucxooum, u eooa e omo oo.acmu cmauoeumc so.omucmoeo
eema. H :epes uux re u sara:ueaemc e omom rpouumeu, u yxooum no npoeooy. To ecmi
+ema+opqosa eooi rara-mo.
Onepamop. Xopouo, roeoa noeu.c +amepua., romopi+ samuyma ea.epe, oma
umyra paoomaem. Moruo .u ooroamic +o+euma, roeoa npu.emum :mo-mo, :mo no omu+
pe.ica+ e sa. saramieaemc?
Huro.a. Honpooym. Hepea rapmuura onycraemc np+o ua eicmyn, romopi us
ea.epeu, ca+o.emooopasui ropao.i, caoumc eepmura.iuo, npu:e+ rpi.i y ueeo
pacno.oreui eom mar (npu+. - norasieaem pacno.oreuue), ouu cr.aoieammc y ueeo u
noo oora yxoom. He suam, +orem, omo y ueeo o. oeureuu e am+ocqepe Kpi.i
cr.aoieammc, ua omu pe.ici nonaoaem, u uc:esaem e ea.epee.
Onepamop. Moreui npoc.eoumi sa uu+?
Huro.a. Ce:ac nonpooym. Hpu oeureuuu no pe.ica+ ou er.m:aem ceou oeueame.u,
ue no.isyemc uu .eoeoro, uu:e+, ua coocmeeuuo mee.
Onepamop. A oeueame.u y ueeo rarue?
Huro.a. Csaou rar y ooi:uoeo ca+o.ema no:e+y-mo. Bix.on maro re. H.a+. To
ecmi ua ueoo.iuo mee ou myoa saesraem. Ioe rou:ammc pe.ici, ou ocmauae.ueaemc.
C uu+ rara-mo cmpauua umyra npoucxooum. Taroe ouyueuue, :mo ou cocmoum us o:eui
oo.iuoeo ro.u:ecmea oema.e, romopie coopaui uanpu+ep, meoe oa.u uaoop
roucmpyrmopcru, cocmouu us q.o+acmepoe, pasuix no qop+e, u mi us uux .enuui eeo
eorpye npooo.iuo ocu. C.enumi +oruo re? A eom, ooexae oo roua, ou ua:uuaem
pasoupamic e ooe cmopoui, u npu:e+ raroa umyra nonaoaem e rarym-mo cerum, rar
oyomo roueeep ee saxeamieaem, u ou npocmo pacmacrueaemc u yxoou uaeepx ryoa-mo oo
ca+oeo noc.eoueeo H ece, ropao. uem, ou pasoopa.c ua cocmaeuie :acmu. Hpu:e+ omu
:acmu, ouu ece us rarux-mo umy:er cocmom. H ua eeo +ecme uu:eeo eoooue ue ocma.oci.
Houmi oi, e :e+ c+ic. omoeo. A, eom, nooorou A nomo+ oma eeui eom mar
sa+iraemc ceepxy, u cnycraemc euus oopamuo. o no.a. H ou onmi ua:uuaem
cooupamic sauoeo, uo yre eie.oum uua:e. o omoeo ou oi. noxor ua ca+o.em. Hpaeoa,
maro mo.cmi u ropomru, rar ec.u Bouue paspyoumi uanono.a+. C oo.iuu+u
rpi.i+u. A omom nora ue coopa.c eue.
Onepamop. oe+, nora cooepemc.
Huro.a. To ecmi no +epe cooupauu oma n.amqop+a uaeepx yxooum, yxooum u
ocmae.em noc.e ceo omo coopyreuue. Tenepi ou noxor ua raro-mo eouo:ui
aemo+oou.i, ocmpouoci, uo ue o:eui o.uuui. Hoxor ua rarym-mo paremy cma..
Ho:e+y-mo me+uoeo eema. Hoxor suaeui ua :mo? Ha marue eouo:uie aemo+oou.u, ouu e
nycmiue paseoummc ua oepo+uix cropocmx, :mo-mo uanooooue. Tarue re emuymie
ro.ecuru y ueeo, mo.iro eopasoo oo.iue ux.
Onepamop. Bom ou coopa.c, u :mo c uu+ oa.iue npoucxooum?
Huro.a. A oa.iue er.m:aemc eom oma ro.ouua. Omrpieaemc eom omom nas, .mr,
u ou uipem myoa no apxu+eooey euumy euympi.
Onepamop. Moruo sa uu+ npoc.eoumi?
18
Huro.a. Ce:ac nonpooym. oesram yre, uaeepuoe, oo rpa, nomo+y :mo ma+
oa.iue Ta+ eooa. A eom oa.iue ma+ eom oma cyocmauu so.omucma. Ta+ euusy
ro.ouui raro-mo pesepeyap oepo+ui, u myoa sara:ueaemc oma cyocmauu. A uao ue
c.o eooi, mo ecmi ouu ue c+euueammc. Jmo eooa, a omo yre ue eooa. B ue suam, :mo
omo maroe. H ou e uee uipem. H e ue rar oi n.ieem, napum, onycraemc ua ca+oe ouo.
To ecmi ou (aemo+oou.i) eoem no ouy eoo.i rpa pesepeyapa. Cmeuru ooroeie, ouu ece e
rarux-mo :erax. Ta+, ue suam, mo .u eury mar creosi omy so.omucmym cyocmauum,
nomo+y :mo oua no.ynpospa:ua, oua cocmoum us rarux-mo +e.rux-+e.rux so.omucmix
uapuroe, uo ouu npocee:ueamm ue+uorro. Cmeua cocmoum us :eer. Ta+ maroe
ouyueuue, :mo ec noeepxuocmi cmeu norpima rar ra+epa+u rpye.i+u rar orouru
rpye.ie mop:am uapyry, a :mo ma+, sa uu+u? Kpiura+u sarpima raroa, npospa:uie
marue.
Onepamop. Xome.oci oi noumi, :mo sa mexuo.oeu soeci npu+euemc, :mo soeci
npoucxooum.
Huro.a. To .u ouu ma+ :eeo-mo eipauueamm, e :erax, noonumiea omo umyro,
mo .u ouu npeoopasymm :mo-mo eo :mo-mo. A eom :mo?
Onepamop. Hy, xopouo. Kopao.i eoem, u :mo oa.iue npoucxooum?
Huro.a. Hora uu:eeo ue npoucxooum, ou nora oare rpyea eue ue coe.a.. Hpocmo
oeureuue no rpyey. Ouyueuue, :mo ue mo crauupyem :mo-mo, ue mo y ueeo rara-mo
aumeuua mop:um uaeepxy, o:eui o.uuua, npu:e+ e oeureuue no omo cyocmauuu ue
+euaem oua ue ceuoaemc, rar, suaeui, noo eempo+, noo eooo oua rar oi.a oo ca+oeo
eepxa, u ou (ropao.i) eom mar rar oi mo .u c:umieaem :mo-mo, mo .u npuuu+aem :mo-
mo ue no+y.
Onepamop. Honpooy npooeuuymic enepeo no epe+euu oo moeo +o+euma, roeoa omo
oeureuue sa+euumc ua :mo-mo opyeoe.
Huro.a. Ce:ac nonpooym. Vpoeeui so.omucmo cyocmauuu o:eui yna.. Oua rar
oyomo npoce.a, mo .u uc:es.a. H ce:ac ou eoem nparmu:ecru ma+ ue+uoeo ocma.oci, u
eooa, ceepxy c.o eooi. H eooa nponaoaem more. Hpu:e+ o. eooi omrpieamm e no.y
rarue-mo .mru, u oua myoa npoea.ueaemc. A eom o. cyocmauuu uu:eeo ue omrpiea.u.
Oua, o:eeuouo, enumiea.aci mo .u omu+u :era+u, mo .u eue :e+-mo. Bom ou onmi
eoem, uo yre no ooi:uo+y no.y.
Onepamop. Umo re omo ece-maru sa cyocmauu so.omucma, o. :eeo oua
npeouasua:eua?
Huro.a. B ue nouu+am. Ce:ac omu orouru (e :erax) ua:uuamm saeopamic,
maru+ re eemo+, rar cyocmauu. Ta+ o:eui ceem.o cmauoeumc. To ecmi, roeoa ece
uc:es.o, o:eui me+uo oi.o, a ce:ac ouu ua:uuamm saeopamic opye sa opyeo+. B
xaomu:uo+ nopore mo ma+, mo c+. B ue suam, o. :eeo omo. A ropao.i ou cmoum y
rpa u roem. To ecmi raroe-mo epe+ oo.ruo npomu.
Onepamop. Hpooeueae+c enepeo, yoicmp epe+, oo moeo +o+euma, roeoa :mo-mo
us+euumc.
Huro.a. A, uy, eom' 3ara:ueamm eooy oopamuo. Ho.uocmim eooo sano.umm ece
omo oe.o.
Onepamop. B:eru npooo.ramm ceemumic, u.u c uu+u :mo-mo npoucxooum opyeoe?
Huro.a. Ouu nora ceemmc, uo ma+ mara umyra npoucxooum Ouu, orasieaemc,
rar ro.oo:ru marue ueoo.iuue, rar u.uuopi ueoo.iuue, sane:amauuie ece-maru ouu. H
ouu ua:uuamm eima.rueamic ommyoa euympi, e eooy omy. To ecmi ece, romopie
so.omucmie, ce:ac ouu n.aeamm e oecnopore e omo eooe. Hy, ouu ceemmc mar re
Kopao.i roem, nora ouu ece eimo.ruymc.
Onepamop. A pas+ep c :e+ +oruo cpaeuumi?
Huro.a. Hy, ouu oo.iue :e.oeera pasa e oea. .uuuee. H e oua+empe ouu e no.mopa
pasa, uaeepuoe, oo.iue. B npocmo npeocmaeu. ceoe, raro :e.oeer poo+ c ropao.e+,
cpaeuu. c uu+u.
19
Onepamop. Hx npu+epuo cro.iro umyr?
Huro.a. Comuu, uaeepuoe.
Onepamop. Xopouo, n.aeamm. a.iue :mo npoucxooum?
Huro.a. a.iue ua:uuaem onmi omrpieamic ro.ouua c apxu+eooei+ euumo+.
Ouu ua:uuam uaeuemami eooy usoimo:uym myoa, :mooi eooa nou.a eeepx. Cuusy eeepx
eima.rueaem no apxu+eooey euumy ece cooepru+oe, :mo ma+ ecmi. Kopao.i +eo.euuo
npooeueaemc creosi uux, ou ce:ac rar oi ua:uuaem n.aeami, ou non.i.. H ou nepei
eioupaemc uapyry no omo+y euumy. Biesraem uaeepx, u eiesraem ua ucxoouym
nosuum, eoe ou oi. pauiue. A eom omu ece u.uuopi, ouu eima.rueammc myoa, uapyry,
u .eram ua no.y. Ba.mmc npocmo, sa. oepo+ui.
Onepamop. B raro+ nopore?
Huro.a. Aoco.mmuo xaomu:uo. Bce oo noc.eoueeo, ma+ oo.iue uu:eeo ue ocma.oci.
H ouu no:e+y-mo, nonaoa uapyry, ua:uuamm eacuymi. To ecmi npeepauammc e ooi:uie
marue me+uo-cepie u.uuopi. Ko.ouua sarpieaemc, a eooa, c romopo ouu npuu.u, eooa
yxooum e rarue-mo oipi e no.y, .mru.
Onepamop. A eorpye :mo-uuoyoi us+euemc? Hanpu+ep, no ypoeum oceeueuuocmu.
Ec.u cuapyru ecmi ceem, mo
Huro.a. Ho ypoeum oceeueuuocmu maroe ouyueuue, :mo, cro.iro ma+ uu oiea.,
ma+ eoooue uu:eeo ue +euemc. Bom omo ceemu.o mar u mop:um e oouo mo:re. B yr ue
suam, oieaem maroe u.u ue oieaem ue no+um, :mooi ma+ oi.a uo:i, ma+ ece epe+
ceem.o. Hy, oo.ara rarue-mo ueoo.iuue Ho me+uoeo epe+euu ue no+um.
Onepamop. Eue :ymi-:ymi enepeo. Morem oimi, oare ue ua oouu oeui enepeo.
Huro.a. Ce:ac nonpooym. Ca+oe uumepecuoe, :mo u.uuopi ua:uuamm
mpecramic. B npouseo.iuo+ nopore. Kar oyomo o pasou.u. Bimeraem oma
so.omucma cyocmauu, uo oua yre soeci oqop+.eua e euoe ruorocmu. Ouu npocmo
mpecrammc, u pasea.ueammc, rar oyomo ouu us e.uui raro-mo coe.aui. To ecmi
noua:a.y ouu npousee.u ene:am.euue rarux-mo +ema..u:ecrux roumeuepoe, a ce:ac
omom +ema.. cmauoeumc raro-mo maro o:eui xpynru.
Onepamop. Bce-maru, :mo re npoucxooum c omo so.omucmo cyocmauue?
Huro.a. Ouyueuue, :mo oe.o-mo ue e ue eoooue Ta+ :mo-mo euympu ecmi,
euympu rarooeo u.uuopa. A oma ruorocmi oua npocmo numame.iua cpeoa, :mo .u
Hy, eom, u.uuopi pasea.ueammc, u eom us omoeo eceeo noe.emc re.eoopasua qop+a.
To ecmi oua eie.oum, rar re.eoopasua, uo oua u+eem o:epmauu
Onepamop. Onuuu omu o:epmauu.
Huro.a. Hoxore ua :e.oeera ueoo.iuoeo. To ecmi rar ueoo.iuoeo? Hpu.u:uoeo
roumeuep-mo oepo+ui. To.iro ou eeci raro-mo no.ynpospa:ui. e.e, us romopoeo ou
cocmoum, u+eem se.eui ommeuor.
Onepamop. Ouu :mo oe.amm, omu :e.oee:ru?
Huro.a. Hu:eeo. Cmom.
Onepamop. Ouu ecma.u e maroe no.oreuue, u.u ouu usua:a.iuo oi.u cmouu+u?
Huro.a. Hem, noxore, :mo ecma.u. B ue +oey yeuoemi uu .ua, uu:eeo a eeo
npocmo uem, no-+oe+y. To ecmi omo npocmo, rar us n.acmu.uua c.enu.u :mo-mo Hy, rar
us +ap+e.aoa c.enu.u. Bom :mo-mo maroe.
Onepamop. Ue+ ouu om.u:ammc om npuei:uix ua+ .moe?
Huro.a. Tar uop+a.iuo ece, e npuuune, mo.iro ue+uoeo mo.cmoe ece, u e+ecmo
pyr rar pyra, mo.iro uem na.iee. Hpocmo qop+a, u ece. Ouu oeueammc ua +ecme, rar
oi pacra:ueammc c.eera.
Onepamop. Xopouo, oaea oa.iue noc+ompu+, :mo c omu+u :e.oee:ra+u
npoucxooum.
Huro.a. Kopao.i roem rar oi, nora ece omo sarou:umc. Huraroeo oeureuu ue
npoucxooum.
20
Onepamop. Xopouo, menepi oaea enepeo r mo+y +o+eumy, roeoa :mo-mo eue
us+euu.oci.
Huro.a. Kopao.i ua:a. mpaucqop+upoeamic onmi. Onmi ua:a. paccinamic,
onmi mar re euus pacr.aoieaemc e ooe cmopoui, u mar re no rpa+ cmeu yesraem
eeepx.
Onepamop. a.iue :mo?
Huro.a. Ceepxy er.m:u.u nporermop raro-mo oooaeo:ui, ua omux :e.oee:roe, u
ouu ece npocee:ueamm uacreosi.
Onepamop. V meo ecmi nouu+auue, sa:e+ er.m:u.u nporermop?
Huro.a. Aoco.mmuo uuraroeo. Jmo eom ommyoa, us eepxue raouui. Hu:eeo ue
npoucxooum coeepueuuo.
Onepamop. aea nonpooye+ enepeo oo moeo +o+euma, roeoa :mo-mo oyoem
npoucxooum. Morem oimi, omo cocmouue oo.eo npoo.umc.
Huro.a. Ho ux +epra+, npou.o eoe-mo c ueoe.m. Hporermop yre eir.m:u.u, eeo
ueuaoo.eo er.m:a.u.
Onepamop. A rar ouu ma+ +epmm epe+, ec.u ma+ ece epe+ ceem.o?
Huro.a. Ecmi rarue-mo cnymuuru, u no ux c+eueuum. Ouu c+euammc ua ueoe ua
raro-mo yeo., u eom no omo+y. Hpu epe+ omo :ucmo cyoermueuo crasa., a omryoa
+ue omo useecmuo, ue suam. To ecmi omo o:eui npuo.usume.iuo eoeopm. A ropao. uem.
Ou rar pasoopa.c, mar u ue coopa.c nora. Hpuse+.emc opyeo ropao.i (mom mar u ue
coopa.c), eopasoo oo.iue. H eom ou saesraem onmi e sa.. H mpyoa, :mo cuusy, ua:uuaem
omrpieamic.
Onepamop. Omrpieamic rar?
Huro.a. Hy, pacnaxueamic. Kar .mru rarue-mo... Br.m:aemc ceem e uux, rar
nporermopi rarue-mo, ommyoa, usuympu.
Onepamop. Ou e omo epe+ eoe?
Huro.a. B ea.epee. Ou e sa. ue saesraem, ma+ pe.ici saxoom e sa., uo ue ua+uoeo.
Ou ue eesraem myoa. Ou cmoum e ea.epee u er.m:aem ceem. Ceem raro-mo maro
cuueeami maro, cuuu. Huruu pyc mpyo y ueeo omrpi.c. Ouu nparmu:ecru uao
ca+o se+.e, umyr uecmi. oeo.iuo oo.iuue. Ue.oee:ru myoa emeueammc. Ouyueuue,
rar oyomo ux ni.ecoco+ myoa sameueaem. B mar nou., :mo ouu xooumi eoooue ue
y+emm. Ouu o:eui +eo.euuo ue suam, rar omo .eeumupymm, uem To ecmi, omom
ceem ux rar oyomo myoa sacacieaem. Ouu paeuo+epuo e omu mpyoi sa.emamm. dmru
uuruue nomo+ sarpieammc, u eiramieaemc us omo ea.epeu. Hem, ou ue
eiramieaemc, ou cmapmyem. Ou e ca+o ea.epee oare cmapmyem. To ecmi, ec.u mom
ropao.i caou.c eepmura.iuo, mo omom eicrarueaem no uar.ouuo r noeepxuocmu
n.auemi.

Hpnmep 4 Haa (onncana cnon omymennx nocnomnnannx no npemx +xcnennnn na
onraemoe neecnoe reno).
daoa. omo :mo-mo maroe, :mo eoooue :e.oee:ecru+ siro+ onucami c.oruo.
Bo-nepeix, o:eui oo.iuoe cmo.nomeopeuue roeo-mo. Jmo rueoe, omo rueyuee, uo ouo
raroe-mo ue maroe. Jmo omoe.iuie ocoou, ux +uoeo, oare ue +oey oopas mo:uo y.oeumi.
Jmo ux +ecmo rume.icmea. Ouu neuexoouie, crare+ mar, ouu xoom no se+.e, y uux
meepoa onopa noo uoea+u, ouu eeoym raro-mo oopas rusuu. Ouu pasuie, om.u:ammc
opye om opyea. Hano+uuamm rar +iuu e uope mo ecmi ue no eueuue+y euoy, a no
muny omuoueuu mo ecmi u nepe.esym opye :epes opyea, u npur+ymc opye r opyey, eom
maro mun omuoueuu. O:eui mecuie qusu:ecrue roumarmi +eroy uu+u. H.u omo us-sa
cmo.nomeopeuu? Hx ueoo.iuoe ro.u:ecmeo e omo epynne +oruo c:umami comu+u,
cropee eceeo. Hapaoorca.iuoe ouyueuue, :mo ouu no:rymmc. B ue ouu. B eury ceo
:e.oeero+. He crasami, :mo ouu +eu eocnpuuu+amm, rar :yrym, a, +orem oimi, ouu
+eu oare ue nouu+amm, :mo omo opyeoe. B :mo-mo ma+ oe.am. Mecmo. ouyueuu
21
ceoeoopasuie. Ceemu.a uem, u.u omo cneuqu:ecrue cy+epru. B ue +oey noumi, :mo ma+
sa ceem. Bo-nepeix, ou raro-mo cepoeamo-cupeueeamo-se.euoeami, eo-emopix, ou omo
oare ue ceem, omo ouyueuue orpyramueeo npocmpaucmea omo rar oi npocmo eosoyx
maro. Ecmi ouyueuue ceem.ocmu - mo ecmi rar oi cy+epru, roeoa eue co.ua uem.
Onepamop. Opyou mpyoa u.u npucnocoo.euu rarue-mo ecmi?
daoa. Opyru uem. Opyou mpyoa ue +oey noumi, omo rar-mo ecmpoeuo e
ooeroy. Jmo rarue-mo npuoopi. Omuoueuue r omo ro.ouuu y +eu cnorouoe, rar r
paeuoeuuo qop+e rusuu, uo nouu+am, :mo y uac c uu+u ue +orem oimi no.uoeuuoeo
roumarma, nomo+y :mo ouu - opyeue. V +eu oare ouyueuue, :mo ouu ue nouu+amm, rmo
u :mo . Umo ouu +eu, +orem oimi, oare ue ouyuamm.
Onepamop. Bi soeci rar uao.moame.i?
daoa. a, oare rar mepaneem e raro-mo +epe. J.e+eum no+ouu :yecmeyemc, a ue
npocmo omcmpaueuuoe uao.moeuue.
Onepamop. Juepeum omryoa ouu oepym, eom omu cyuecmea?
daoa. Oc+oc. Hx pas+ep npu+epuo conocmaeu+ c +ou+, uo qop+i coeepueuuo
opyeue. B ux pas.u:am, rar pasuix ocooe, uo ue eceeoa +oey onpeoe.umi, rmo ecmi rmo. To
ecmi crasami, :mo eom oma ocooi Bac, a eom oma Hem, ue +oey. 3a:e+ soeci?
Paooma rara-mo.
Onepamop. Hpeoieauue ma+ onpeoe.emc Baue eo.e? H.u Bac uanpaeu.u?
daoa. Bonpoc o eo.e ue cmoum. Jmo npocmo uaoo mar. Moe npeoieauue ma+ - omo,
uaeepuoe, ro+n.ercuoe uao.moeuue.
Onepamop. Bi o uux mo.iro ce:ac ysua.u?
daoa. Jmo ueoaeuee omrpimue. H +i ux usy:ae+. Morem oimi, ouu noomo+y eue u
ue nou.u, :mo +i :yrue. H eoooue maroe ouyueuue, :mo omo rueoe, uo ue
cosuame.iuoe. H.u, +orem oimi, uaxooueec ua maro+ ypoeue cosuauu, romopi eue
om rueomuoeo +a.o om.u:u+. Ouu mo.rymc +eroy cooo, uo euu+auu u uumepeca r
:e+y-mo nocmopouue+y y uux +a.o. Ho eueuuocmu omo rar oi uaoymi c.ouur, cuouu
ua saouue, u.u eue noxor ua cepo-cuue-se.euoeo rorauoeo cueeoeura us +uoeux uapuroe.
Orpye.ie qop+i, ue+uorro oecqop+euuie. Opeaui eocnpumu y uux. rorui norpoe
eocnpuuu+aem :mo-mo epooe marmu.iuix ouyueuu, ecmi ue+uorro ouyueuu sanaxoe,
ouyueuue speuu cneuqu:ecroe, rar oyomo oi rore ceem eocnpuuu+amm.
Onepamop. Ioe omo ece uaxooumc?
daoa. Hac cmoa oocmaeu. raro-mo mpaucnopm. Ouyueuue moeo +ecma rar oi
ouyueuue sa+ruymoeo npocmpaucmea, mo .u ma+ am+ocqepa :e+-mo oepauu:eua, mo .u
omo ucryccmeeuuoe uem, ue ucryccmeeuuoe. Kpo+e +eu, ma+ eue .mou ecmi, +orem,
oo.iue cma :e.oeer, c re+ uac cmoa oocmaeu.u. Homo+y :mo marux ro.ouu uecro.iro.
Mi .mou, cneua.iuo cmoa npuu.u.
Onepamop. aeame eepue+c myoa, eoe ruee+.
daoa. deero crasami, eepue+c'
Onepamop. A :mo soeci maroeo? Bom ecmi mpaucnopm
daoa. Jmo ue mape.ra, ou raro-mo no.yrpye.i H.ocru oea.. Kar-mo +i
uumepecuo uasiea.u omom uau eusum :mo-mo muna nouao.moami sa +ypaeeuuro+
u.u sa cyc.ura+u, raroe-mo uecepiesuoe omuoueuue. Koeoa eosepaua.uci - ouyueuue
:e.uo:uix nepexoooe, mo ecmi uem ouyueuu, :mo oo.eo cooupa.uci e oopoey, nomo+
oo.eo oooupa.uci Ta+ omo oocmamo:uo oicmpo oe.aemc. Buympu mpaucnopma .mou,
ou sano.ueu, ue noporuro+ re eeo eoumi. B +oux nonym:uroe eury rar .moe, mo:uo
rar .moe. Tun c.aeucru.
Onepamop. Ecmi .u opysi?
daoa. Ecmi opysi, ecmi npocmo suaro+ie, ecmi npocmo mar, c.y:auie opoea
ueoo.ea. Morem oimi, o:eui oa.iu, uo ueoo.ea. Mi ue cnu+, +i cuou+ (ma+ mo.iro
cuo:ue +ecma, e omo+ mpaucnopme), pacc.ao.euuie, uo omo ue auaouos Morem oimi,
uecro.iro :acoe. Ouyueuue, :mo +i paoomae+ eoeouuo, c re+-mo o.ure, c re+-mo
22
oa.iue, coocmeeuuo, rar u e .moo+ ro..ermuee. Ouyueuue, :mo o. omo paoomi
uaoupa.u ue mo.iro mex, rmo opye c opyeo+ oo.eo suaro+, uo mex, rmo sauu+aemc eom
omu+ eom oe.o+. Bepmumc :mo-mo ua sire, uo ue +oey crasami, rar ma+ omo oe.o
uasieaemc. Jmo ue noucr, noucro+ sauu+ammc opyeue, a rar oi nepeoua:a.iuoe
cocmae.euue npeocmae.euu o mo+, :mo uau.u, nepeoua:a.iuoe uao.moeuue.
Onepamop. Ue+ Bi no.isyemeci? Ecmi .u mao.ui, r.accuqurau?
daoa. Hem. He.is cocmaeumi mao.ui ua mo, :mo eue ue suaeui. To ecmi nora eue
ue mar +uoeo +amepua.a, :mooi +oruo oi.o r.accuquupoeami. H nomo+, xomi omo
+o poo saumu, usua:a.iuo +o poo, uo more eue ue +oey eceeo suami.
Onepamop. B annapame omo+ ei cuoume? Cma.o oimi, ecmi cu.a mrecmu? Ecmi
oceeueuue?
daoa. Hy, ue n.aeae+ noo nomo.ro+, omo yr mo:uo. Oceeueuue cnorouoe u
pas.umoe, ue eury ucmo:uuroe ceema.
Onepamop. Ecmi cpeocmea roumpo. sa nepeoeureuue+?
daoa. Jmo rar? A, uem, omo ue exooum e uauu oosauuocmu, +i re naccarupi.
Kpec.a oymuru, uo ue +accueuie, .eeru ceem.i +amepua.. Cnuuru o:eui eicorue, e
uux ua cnuurax ceepxy rarue-mo npuoopi. To ecmi omo ue npocmo ceoa.uua, ouo rar-mo
mexuu:ecru ocuaueuo. Kar-mo, eos+oruo, omo cesauo c ocooeuuocm+u nepeoeureuu,
mo ecmi rar-mo uyruo e.umi ua opeauus+. H o. roumpo. sa cocmouue+ opeauus+a. To
ecmi oam:uru omo rarue-mo. Aua.oeoe e uaue+ sire epo .u uaoeui. Bo epe+
nymeuecmeu +i e ocuoeuo+ cuou+ +o.:a, uo nepeeoeapueamic +ore+. Cnoroua
oocmauoera.
Onepamop. Hpuoi.u Karu+ oopaso+ ei ysuaeme, :mo npuoi.u? Kmo u.u :mo
paspeuaem ea+ ecmami c rpec.a?
daoa. Jmo eocnpuuu+aemc mar, rar npocmo omrpi.c eixoo. Mi eixoou+, +i
euympu no+eueuu, oo.iuoeo ro+n.erca. Bce coe.auo us +amepua.a ue +ema.., a :mo-mo
muna n.acmura ue xo.oouoe. Mi uoe+ no ropuoopy. Ho cua:a.a +i oo.rui nocemumi
rarue-mo us no+eueuu, u ma+ mo, :mo ua uac uaoemo, ocmaeumi. Jmo ooemo cneua.iuo
o. marux nymeuecmeu.
Onepamop. A uuqop+aum, romopym Bi no.y:u.u?
daoa. Oua e meryue+ nopore nepeoaemc. Mi, uaeepuoe, no +epe uao.moeuu
oo+euueae+c uuqop+aue u opye c opyeo+, u c raru+-mo eumpo+, romopi ma+ y uac
npucymcmeyem. Hurarux om:emoe o ro+auoupoerax, ma+, roue:uo, uem. Ocmae.e+
ooeroy. Oua uaua, nomo+y :mo oua npucnocoo.eua noo uac, uo +i ee ocmae.e+ ma+ ua
xpaueuue oo o:epeouo nompeouocmu . Hoo ue marue mpuro rar oi, .eera ooeroa,
noeceoueeua. He crasami, :mo coece+ mpuro, uo mara oomeueamua. Oua yoooua, oua
+era, ro+qopmua r rore, u noo cneooeroy uyruo oosame.iuo ooeeami :mo-mo e
maro+ oyxe. Karemc, +oeym oimi u opyeue eapuaumi ooeroi. Hem ouyueuu
yuuqop+i.

Hecxontxo BLBOOB ns nmemmerocx, xorx n manoro, marepnana.

1. nx crarncrnuecxn snaunmoro uncna nme xapaxrepnt ayroncnxonornuecxne
cnenapnn, ornocxmnecx x nnesemnomy cymecrnonannm cocrnenno nnunocrn,
nponcxonnmemy n ncropnuecxom npomnom. 3rn nocosnarentnte ycranonxn uenonexa
nnnxmr na ero cnoco noneennx n connyme, onpeenxmr nenn n saaun n rexyme xnsnn.
Ho+romy naxno nsyuart raxo cnenn]nuecxn nn namxrn uenonexa, xax namxrt o trnn o
rexyme xnsnn, uem t raxax namxrt nn tna ntsnana.
2. Hpoxnnennx nocosnarentno namxrn, nonyuennte meroom perpeccnn, xax
npannno, nosnrnnno nnnxmr na trne uenonexa. Honnmanne n npnnxrne raxoro cnoero
nnunoro ontra npnnonr x ycnoxoennm n cnxrnm nexoroptx ncnxonornuecxnx nponem y
perpeccanra.
23
3. Hpnmenenne perpeccnnnoro rpanca xnnxercx onnm ns nepcnexrnnntx meroon
y]onornuecxnx nccneonann.

An1epa1ypa

1. Xaprmann X. 3ro-ncnxonornx n nponema aanrannn. Ho pe. M. B. Pomamxennua.
M.: Hncrnryr omerymannrapntx nccneonann, 2002 r.
2. Ipo] C. Hannunocrnoe nnenne. Hs-no: Hncrnryr rpancnepconantno ncnxonornn,
1996 r.
3. Cmnpnona H. Opamenne sa nomomtm x npanomy nonymapnm mosra no meroy Xoce
Cnntnt. M.: ns-no Xapnecr, 2006 r.
4. Cnntna X., Ionman F. Mero Cnntnt. Vnpannenne peantnocrtm. Mnncx: ns-no
Honyppn, 2010 r.
5. 3pnxcon M. Inyoxn rnnnornuecxn rpanc: nnyxnnx n ncnontsonanne.
Cnm]eponont: Hs-no Penome, 1998 r.
6. Innsypr M.P., xonnena M.E. 3pnxcononcxn rnnnos: cncremarnuecxn xypc. - M.:
Hs-no: Mocxoncxn ncnxonoro-connantnt nncrnryr, 2008 r.
7. Poccoxnn A.B. Pe]nexcnx n nnyrpennn nanor n nsmenenntx cocroxnnxx cosnannx:
nnrepcosnanne n ncnxoanannse. M.: Kornro-Henrp, 2010 r.
8. Tapr H. Hsmenennte cocroxnnx cosnannx. M.: Hs-no 3xcmo, 2003 r.
9. Innnnren C. Tepanenrnuecxne rpanct. 3axpennenne n parn]nxannx rnnnornuecxnx
peaxnn.

O an1ope: Mauapoea 1amoaua Buumopoeua pyxononrent Tontxrrnncxo
y]onornuecxo xomnccnn, unen AHHVuO, http://tltlufo2002.narod.ru, e-mail:
tay999@yandex.ru

1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHR HHOOPMAUHOROFHHECKOH H RPHKRAHOH YOOROFHH



Aueucaup Hapxooe

BO3MOHLE HPOHBAEHHH MHKPOCKOHHHECKHX HEPHLX LP
HA 3EMAE H B OKOAO3EMHOM HPOCTPAHCTBE

Hpnneent cnnerentcrna ouennnen, nanmanmnx oexrt, nmenmne nn
cnerxmnxcx mapon, no, n ornnune or otuntx mapontx monnn, noxnnxmmnecx
nesanncnmo or rposono axrnnnocrn. Hpnuem, nanonee ouennntm nx
npoxnnennem xnnxercx npnrxxenne oxpyxammnx npemeron n panyce o
necxontxnx ecxrxon merpon. Oocnontnaercx rnnoresa o rom, uro +rn oexrt
xnnxmrcx mnxpocxonnuecxnmn uepntmn tpamn.

Homnmo mapontx monnn, nponcxoxenne xoroptx cnxsano c rposamn, a
npoxnnennx nmemr +nexrpomarnnrnt n repmnuecxn xapaxrep, nnora nanmamrcx
oexrt, nmemmne nn cnerxmnxcx mapon, no noxnnxmmnecx nesanncnmo or rposono
axrnnnocrn, npnuem nanonee ouennntm nx npoxnnennem xnnxercx npnrxxenne
oxpyxammnx npemeron n panyce o necxontxnx ecxrxon merpon. Bor necxontxo
cnnerentcrn ouennnen 1|.

Ce.o Ia.ioera 3+euuoeopcroeo paoua A.macroeo rpa 30 uoop 1984 e.
Cnerxmncx maponnnt oexr pasmepom c ]yrontnt mxu nponeren na
ntcore nyx-rpex ecxrxon merpon. Hepnt nonanmncx na ee nyrn capa c
xenesoeronntmn cronamn tn pasannen n nonanen. Hponerax anee na noxptrtm
mn]epom xnntm omom, oexr oropnan nmecre c rnosxmn mn]ep c xptmn oma n,
npnnonxn nect +ror mn]ep n nosyx, noramnn ero sa coo, paspactnax no nce
epenne. Hponeren na rpaxropno crannne, oexr pasannn onn cnapennt ns
merannnuecxnx yronxon n noxptrt pesenrom xapxac, a pyro xapxac nauan nnrartcx
no semne. Horom on tn nonxr n nosyx, nepenecen na 300 merpon n mxrxo nocaxen
na semnm. Bec ncero xapxaca tn ne menee 100 re.

Ko.naueeo To+cro oo.. 1987 e.
Onaxt, naxoxct sa ropoom, oren men co cnoe oueptm no rponnnxe
uepes rycrym ntcoxym rpany. Oren men nnepen, a out cneom sa nnm n merpax
ecxrn or nero. Heoxnanno out ncxpnxnyna, rax xax uro-ro ee ronxnyno n nory
n ona uyrt ne ynana. Oren oepnyncx n ynnen cneymmym xaprnny. Pxom c
oueptm na rpano (na ntcore 1520 cm) neren xpxn cnerxmncx mapnx. Hepe nnm
rpana npnannnnanact x semne xaxo-ro nennnmo cnno, a sa nnm +ra xe rpana
ntrxrnnanact n nanpannennn sa nerxmnm mapnxom, xax yro ynnexanact xaxo-ro
nennnmo cnno.
...Baponnnt cnerxmncx oexr neren nont epenxnnoro saopa. Hpn
+rom or saopa nocneonarentno ona sa pyro orptnannct n ornerann ocxn,
onaxo cam oexr npn +rom npoonxan nerert crporo npxmonnneno.

Hpuoa.mura. 1 ormop 1978 e.
2
Ha omom na ntcore 56 merpon nponeren cnerxmncx nsnyrpn map. Hs
crent crann ntnerart xnpnnun n menenno onycxartcx na semnm. Kax rontxo map
oxasancx na epenom xnonn ono ntpnanoct c xopnem n mxrxo nerno na semnm. Co
cneymmero oma copnannct nncrt mn]epa n nonerenn cneom sa mapom. B rpertem
ome npn npoxoxennn mapa crapymxa, nxsanmax uynox, nocnapnna x noronxy n mxrxo
onycrnnact oparno.

Bo ncex +rnx cotrnxx npoxnnxercx ecrnne cnnt, npenocxoxme semnoe
rxrorenne na paccroxnnn nopxxa 10 merpon or npnrxrnnammero oexra, nmemmero nn
cnerxmerocx mapa panycom or canrnmerpa o merpa. Hocxontxy nnxaxo pasnnnt
mexy ecrnnem na marnnrnte n nemarnnrnte marepnant ner, +ra cnna ne cnxsana c
marnnrntm nonem. Her n npnsnaxon nannunx cnntnoro +nexrpnuecxoro nonx. Ecnn ne
nsoperart nonte cymnocrn, ocraercx npenonoxnrt, uro nanmanmnecx
mapoopasnte oexrt xnnxmrcx ncrounnxom cnntnoro rpannrannonnoro nonx.
Herpyno nocunrart, uro na paccroxnnn 10 + cnny rpannrannonnoro npnrxxennx,
pannym semno, nmeer oexr macco 10
13
re. Hpnmepno raxym maccy nmeer noa n
Hepnom mope. Tpyno npecrannrt, uro cront mant oexr moxer nmert cront
nnymnrentnym maccy. Ha camom ene, xomnaxrnte cynepmaccnnnte oexrt yxe anno
xnnxmrcx npemerom reopernuecxnx, a renept yxe n +xcnepnmenrantntx nccneonann.
3ro ncem nsnecrnte uepnte tpt.
Hepnax tpa crycrox nemecrna nacrontxo nnornt, uro ero rpannrannx ne
nosnonxer cnery ntrn sa npeent c]ept, nmemme panyc r
g
= 2GM/c
2
( M macca
uepno tpt, re, c cxopocrt cnera, +/c, G = 6,67
.
10
-11
+
3
/re c
2
rpannrannonnax
nocroxnnax). Bnpoxo nsnecrnt uepnte tpt c rpannrannonntm panycom necxontxo
xnnomerpon, nosnnxammne n pesyntrare +nonmnnn snes, nmemmnx maccy onee rpex
conneuntx. Hocxontxy +rn oexrt camn no cee npaxrnuecxn nnuero ne nsnyuamr,
onapyxnrt nx rpyno, no, rem ne menee, +ro yaercx cenart no xocnenntm npnsnaxam,
no npoxnnennxm nx rpannrannn. B nocnenne rot acrponomam yanoct onapyxnrt
mnoxecrno oexron, xoropte moxno oroxecrnnrt c raxnmn uepntmn tpamn.
3naunrentno onee maccnnnte uepnte tpt c macco o mnnnnapa conneuntx
onapyxent n xpax ranaxrnx n n nenrpax mapontx snesntx cxonnenn 2|.
Hex o rom, uro uepnte tpt moryr trt ne rontxo n antnem xocmoce, no n
yxnantno pxom c namn na 3emne, na nepnt nsrnx xaxercx acypno. Ho macca
uepno tpt ne oxsarentno onxna trt ouent ontmo. H ecnn uepnte tpt nmemr
maccy mnoro mentme macct 3emnn, nx npncyrcrnne n 3emne nnonne nosmoxno. Taxne
oexrt mornn nosnnxnyrt, nanpnmep, n camom nauane ]opmnponannx Bcenenno 2|.
3ro rax nastnaemte nepnnunte uepnte tpt. Bosmoxnt n nnte mexannsmt
nosnnxnonennx ornocnrentno neontmnx uepntx tp.
Bnpoxo pacnpocrpaneno mnenne o uepntx tpax xax o noxnparenxx ncero,
uro oxaxercx neanexo or nnx. Oruacrn +ro cnpanennno, ecnn peut ner o uepntx
tpax c ontmo macco. V uepntx tp c ocrarouno nnsxo macco cranonnrcx
snaunrentntm npornnononoxnt nponecc xnanronoe ncnapenne, npn xoropom
nponcxonr ucnycrauue pasnoopasntx +nemenrapntx uacrnn 3, 4|. B pesyntrare +roro
onn nocrenenno xyemr, n, n xonne xonnon, nx cymecrnonanne nsptnoopasno
sanepmaercx. Hem mentme macca uepno tpt, rem xopoue ee xnsnt. Hepnax tpa
macco 10 rtcxu ronn n naxyyme nsptnoopasno paspymaercx sa 1 cexyny. Ho ecnn ee
macca npentmaer mnnnnap ronn, ona xnner ontme 10 mnnnnapon ner, n raxne
oexrt oxnnamr or cornopennx mnpa o namnx ne. Hopasnrentno, uro npn cront
ontmo no uenoneuecxnm mepxam macce pasmep raxnx uepntx tp mentme pasmepa
3
aromnoro xpa. Ho+romy nx nastnamr +urpocronu:ecru+u uepntmn tpamn (MH), n
nx moxno paccmarpnnart xax cnoeopasnte +nemenrapnte uacrnnt, nsanmoecrnymmne
c oxpyxamme cpeo npaxrnuecxn rontxo rpannrannonno. nx onenxn nponsnonmtx
raxnmn oexramn +]]exron ner neoxonmocrn snart ee ycrpocrno, rax xax
nsanmoecrnne nponcxonr na paccroxnnxx mnoro ontme r
g..
MH moxno
paccmarpnnart npocro xax roueunt rpannrnpymmn oexr. Taxoe paccmorpenne 5, 6|
npnnonr x coornomennxm:
1. Horepn +neprnn na ennnne nyrn, r/+
dE/dx=130G
2
M
2
/V
2

2. nnna npoera o ocranonxn, +
X=1,9
.
10
-3
V
o
4
/G
2
M
3. Bpemx nnxennx o ocranonxn, c
t=2,6
.
10
-3
V
o
3
/G
2
M
4. onx +neprnn, repxemo na nyrn x
E/E=260G
2
M x/V
4
,
re M macca uepno tpt, re, V cxopocrt uepno tpt, +/c,
nnornocrt cpet, re/+
3
, G=6,67
.
10
-11
+
3
/re c
2
.

Baxno ormernrt, uro nsanmoecrnne mnxpouepntx tp c oxpyxammnm
nemecrnom pesxo nospacraer npn cnnxennn cxopocrn.
Hanonee nepoxrnte macct MH, nnxymnxcx n oxonosemnom npocrpancrne,
oxono 10
13
re 6,7|. Pacuer no npnneenntm ]opmynam noxastnaer, uro nnxymaxcx n
cpee c nnornocrtm not uepnax tpa raxo macct npn nauantno cxopocrn 10 r+/c
ocranonnrcx uepes 2 mnnnnona ner, npox paccroxnne 13 napcer. Hcxox nx +rnx onenox,
moxno ynoonrt MH cnaonsanmoecrnymme +nemenrapno uacrnne, no
nponnxamme cnoconocrn npenocxoxme axe nerpnno. Ho MH +ro uacrnna,
y xoropo cnaocrt nsanmoecrnnx, xax mt ynnnm, moxer oepnyrtcx ouent axe
samerntmn +]]exramn.
Bosnnxaer nonpoc: xax raxne +xsornuecxne oexrt moryr noxnnrtcx n
oxonosemnom npocrpancrne n n nepax 3emnn? Ha camom ene, naoopor, 3e+.
noxnnnact oxono MH. 3emnx, xax n pyrne nnanert, opasonanact ns rasontnenoro
onaxa. Hrot +ror nponecc nauancx, nyxnt sarpanounte nenrpt. Cornacno 3|,
raxnmn nenrpamn tnn nmenno neontmne uepnte tpt. Fnaroapx rpannrannn uepntx
tp nponsomno tcrpoe cnnnanne nemecrna nporonnanernoro onaxa n necxontxo
xomxon. Tax nosnnxnn nnanert n nx cnyrnnxn. A uepnte tpt coxpannnn cnoe
opnrantnoe nnxenne oxono nosnnxmnx nnaner. Tax xax mnxpouepnte tpt onaamr
nnuroxno cnatm conpornnnennem nnxennm n nemecrne, nx opnrt moryr nonnocrtm
nnn uacrnuno naxonrtcx n nepax nnanert.
Hrax, 3emnx oxpyxena onaxom ns MH, nnxymnxcx no pasnnuntm opnram.
Tpaexropnn nexoroptx MH n nepnrexx npoxoxr n nepax 3emnn. Taxne npoxoxennx
ncnecrnne xpane manocrn norept +neprnn upesntuano cnao menxmr napamerpt
opnrt. H nce xe, sa mnnnnapt ooporon +rn nsmenennx naxannnnamrcx, n pesyntrare
uero anore opnrt npnnnxaercx x nonepxnocrn 3emnn 68|. Hocne norpyxennx
anorex n nepa 3emnn nanonee cnntnoe ropmoxenne nponcxonr yxe ne n nepnrexx, a n
anorexx, re cxopocrt mnnnmantna, rax xax norepn +neprnn MH na ennnny nyrn
npn cnnxennn cxopocrn pesxo nospacramr (1/V
4
). B pesyntrare +roro manax nonyoct
opnrt ymentmaercx, n nnxenne MH n nepax 3emnn cranonnrcx nnsxnm x
panantntm xoneannxm c ouent nnsxo cxopocrtm n anorexx. Hpn ocrarouno mano
4
cxopocrn ornocnrentno nemecrna 3emnn (ecxrxn +/c) n anorexx ropmoxenne cranonnrcx
nacrontxo cnntntm, uro MH sacrpenaer. Hponcxonr +ro neanexo or semno
nonepxnocrn, rax xax yrnynenne anoreen nponecc ouent menennt.
3acrpenannm cnococrnyer nannune neonoponocre rpannrannonnoro nonx, no+romy
nanonee nepoxrntmn mecramn naxoxennx MH xnnxmrcx ropnte maccnnt n pasnomt.
nnrentnocrt nponecca nornomennx 3emne MH sanncnr or nx macct. nx nornomennx
MH macco 10
17
re ocrarouno necxontxnx cronern, nx MH macco 10
13
re +ror
nponecc sarxrnnaercx o necxontxnx mnnnnapon ner 6|.
Otuno, xora saxonr peut o uepntx tpax n 3emne n oxonosemnom
npocrpancrne, nosnnxaer mtcnt o rom, uro nnsxopacnonoxennte oexrt, nmemmne
cront ontmym maccy, ne samernrt tno t nenosmoxno, a no+romy nx ner n trt ne
moxer. Ho onenxn noxastnamr, uro onapyxnrt +rn neotunte oexrt ne rax-ro
npocro.
MH n nepax 3emnn n nnnsn ee nonepxnocrn moxno pasnrt na rpn rpynnt
[6,8]:
- xocmnuecxne, nnxymnecx co cxopocrtm oxono 10 r+/c n ntme. 3ro MH,
nnxymnecx n rpannrannonnom none cncremt 3emnx-Hyna n nponnstnammne 3emnm n
nepnrexx, a raxxe npnxoxmne ns antnero xocmoca;
- MH, saxnauennte nemecrnom 3emnn.
- menennte MH, nmemmne cxopocrt o necxontxnx ecxrxon +/c;
Paccmorpnm nosmoxnte npoxnnennx MH, npnnanexamnx x xaxo ns +rnx
rpynn.

Kocunuecxne MH
Hponnstnax 3emnm, xocmnuecxne MH nepeamr uacrt cnoero momenra
nmnyntca, menxx cxopocrt ee npamennx. Moxno nn samernrt raxoe cotrne, nsmepxx
nsmenennx cxopocrn semnoro npamennx? Onenxa 6| noxastnaer, uro npoxoxenne
cxnost 3emnm MH c macco 10
13
re co cxopocrtm 11 r+/c ntstnaer ornocnrentnoe
nsmenenne cxopocrn npamennx 3emnn ne ontme 7
.
10
-20
, uro nexnr anexo sa npoenamn
nosmoxnocre conpemenntx nsmepenn.
Kpome roro, cenana onenxa macmraa +]]exron, xoropte moxno oxnart
nnnsn rpacct nponera xocmnuecxo MH. B sone panyca nopxxa 0,5 ++ n nosyxe n
0,05 ++ n rnepom nemecrne nponsoyr snaunrentnte nsmenennx nemecrna: cnntnt
narpen, paspymenne xpncrannnuecxo pemerxn, xnmnuecxne nsmenennx n r.n. Ha
paccroxnnn o 8 m npnrxxenne x MH npentcnr nec oexron. Ho nnny
xparxonpemennocrn nosecrnnx (rtcxunte onn cexynt) npnoperaemax cxopocrt
nenennxa: oxono 10 c+/c na paccroxnnn 1 +. Henonex, naxoxmncx neanexo or rpacct
nponera xocmnuecxo MH, ycntmnr xnonox, cnxsannt c nponeccamn n nnxne x
rpacce sone n, nosmoxno, ynnnr neontmne nepennxennx nexoroptx npemeron.
Cxopee ncero, on ne oparnr na +rn xnnennx nnxaxoro nnnmannx, rax xax pasnoopasntx
snyxon n nnpann n oxpyxamme nac cpee onee uem ocrarouno.
Hpnopnax perncrpannx xocmnuecxnx MH nnonne peantna. nx +roro
neoxonmo oprannsonart cert rpannmerpnuecxnx crannn. Tax xax npoonxnrentnocrt
rpannrannonnoro nmnyntca, cnxsannoro c ecrnnem MH, nponeramme na paccroxnnn
necxontxo xnnomerpon co cxopocrtm 10 r+/c, nopxxa necxontxnx cexyn,
ncnontsyemte npnopt onxnt onaart ocrarouno ontmnm tcrpoecrnnem.
Hontrxy perncrpannn nmnyntcntx nsmenenn rpannrannonnoro nonx npenpnnxn
A.H. Tpo]nmenxo c ncnontsonannem napnomerpa E-60 na Onnncxo reo]nsnuecxo
ocepnaropnn n c ncnontsonannem rpannmerpon Scintrex CG-3 n Hncrnryre reonornn n
5
paspaorxn ropmunx ncxonaemtx (Mocxna) 3|. 3aperncrpnponano necxontxo
rpannrannonntx ncnnecxon, noxoxnx na +]]exr or npoxoxennx xocmnuecxnx MH.
3axnauennme MH
Moxno nn onapyxnrt MH, saxnauennte neanexo or nonepxnocrn 3emnn? B
npnnnnne, onn moryr trt onapyxent no rpannrannonntm anomannxm,
rennontenennm n nsnyuennm uacrnn ntcoxo +neprnn npn xnanronom ncnapennn.
Ipannrannonnte anomannn na nonepxnocrn 3emnn ocrnramr nennunnt 5
.
10
-4

or nopmantno cnnt rxxecrn 9|. Taxne anomannn moryr cosanart MH macco 10
13
re,
naxoxmnxcx na paccroxnnn 370 +, 10
15
re, naxoxmnxcx na paccroxnnn 3,7 r+ n macco
10
17
re na paccroxnnn 37 r+. Taxnm opasom, nannune uepntx tp snaunrentno macct n
semno xope ne npornnopeunr nmemmnmcx snannxm o rpannrannonnom none 3emnn.
Paccmorpnm nosmoxnte repmnuecxne xnnennx, cnxsannte c saxnauenntmn
MH. Hsnecrnt na mexannsma ntenennx +neprnn MH: axxpennonnt
(nornornrentnt) n ncnapnrentnt 3, 4|. Momnocrt, ntenxemax npn arrpeuu
nemecrna nnroc]ept na MH, moxno onennrt no ]opmyne k = 1,5
.
10
-19
M
2
Bm. Hanpnmep,
MH macco 10
13
re ntenxer momnocrt 1,5
.
10
7
Bm.
3neprontenenne, cnxsannoe c reaumoei+ ucnapeuue+, pacrer no mepe
ymentmennx macct MH: ecnn npn macce 10
15
re ntenxemax momnocrt cocrannxer
3
.
10
3
Bm, npnuem npeonaaer eccneno yxoxmee nerpnnnoe nsnyuenne, ro npn
macce 10
13
re 6
.
10
7
Bm (onx nerxo perncrpnpyemtx nnon nsnyuennx ]oronon,
sapxxenntx nenronon, apnonon cocrannxer 40). MH macco 10
7
re nonnocrtm
ncnapxercx sa 1 c, ntenxx nsptnoopasno +neprnm 10
24
r. Haxoxmnecx nnnsn
nonepxnocrn 3emnn oexrt co cront ntcoxnm +neprontenennem nponsnonnn t
repmnuecxne n panannonnte +]]exrt, xoropte nenosmoxno tno t ne samernrt. Ho
ntmenpnneennte onenxn cenant nx MH, ncnapxmmnxcx n naxyyme. Onn cnntno
npeynennunnamr nennunny +]]exron, noromy uro ne yunrtnamr nsanmoecrnne MH
co cpeo. Mnxpouepnax tpa n nepax 3emnn naxonrcx n cocroxnnn pannonecnx
ucnapeuu c ono cropont, n noe.oueuu oxpyxammero nemecrna c pyro, n
pesyntrare uero +neprontenenne cranonnrcx snaunrentno nnxe, uem n naxyyme. B nrore,
repmnuecxn +]]exr or MH moxer trt manosamerntm: cornacno onenxe 6|, MH
macco 10
13
re, nosmoxno, nontmaer remneparypy na paccroxnnn 1 r+ ncero na 0,001
o
C.
Hpaxrnuecxn nesamerntmn na raxom paccroxnnn xnnxmrcx raxxe +]]exrt or uacrnn,
ncnycxaemtx npn xnanronom ncnapennn MH.

Menennme MH
Menennte MH, nmemmne cxopocrt ecxrxn +/c, moryr noxnnrtcx nnnsn
nonepxnocrn 3emnn nymx nyrxmn:
Bo-nepntx, +ro moryr trt nnxymnecx no opnre oexrt n crann,
npemecrnymme norpyxennm anorex n nepa 3emnn.
Bo-nroptx, +ro moryr trt oexrt, sacrpxnmne neanexo or nonepxnocrn
3emnn. Kax noxasano ntme, nesamernoe nannune MH nnnsn nonepxnocrn 3emnn
nnonne nosmoxno, ocoenno oxono ropntx maccnnon n reonornuecxnx pasnomon. Cnnr
uepnax tpa n cnoem rnese nenpouno, n n pesyntrare semnerpxcennx, nocrenenntx
reonornuecxnx nsmenenn nnn nnoro nosecrnnx ona moxer copnartcx co cnoero mecra,
nocne uero nponannnaercx x nenrpy 3emnn n, conepmnn ono nnn necxontxo
xoneann, sacrpenaer n nonom nonoxennn. A moxer n ntrn ns semntx nep na
nonepxnocrt. Hpnuem, ona moxer nexoropoe npemx cxontsnrt nont nonepxnocrn
3emnn, ne nponannnaxct n semnte nepa. 3ro cnxsano c rem, uro cnna ropmoxennx MH
npn npnnnxennn x nonepxnocrn 3emnn, cornacno yxe npnnonnmemycx ntpaxennm
6
F
x
= -dE/dx = 130G
2
M
2
/V
2
,

pesxo nospacraer ns-sa roro, uro n c]epy ee ecrnnx
nce ontme nxnmuamrcx nepa 3emnn, nmemmne nnornocrt onee uem n rtcxuy pas
ontme nnornocrn nosyxa. Hpn ocrarouno mano neprnxantno xomnonenre cxopocrn
(nx MH c macco 10
13
re necxontxo c+/c) cnna ropmoxennx na ntcore nopxxa 1 m
cranonnrcx panno cnne semnoro npnrxxennx, n antnemee cnnxenne c nonepxnocrtm
3emnn npexpamaercx. B ro xe npemx, orpannuenn na nnxenne n ropnsonrantno
nnocxocrn ne nosnnxaer.
Paccmorpnm +]]exrt, xoropte onxna ntstnart nnxymaxcx c neontmo
cxopocrtm na nonepxnocrtm 3emnn MH macco 10
13
re. Ormernm, npexe ncero, uro
ns-sa nnuroxnocrn pasmepon mnxpouepnym tpy ynnert nenosmoxno. Ho moxno
samernrt nosnnxammee oxono nee onaxo nnasmt. B nenocpecrnenno nnsocrn or
mnxpouepno tpt, naxoxmecx n nosyxe, n onacrn pasmepom nopxxa 1 c+ cnna
rpannrannonnoro npnrxxennx ocrarouna nx nosyxennx n nonnsannn aromon
oxpyxamme cpet. Bosyxenne n nonnsannx, xpome roro, ntstnaercx uacrnnamn,
ncnycxaemtmn npn ncnapennn MH. B pesyntrare, n nosyxe oxono MH opasyercx
cnerxmeecx onaxo nnasmt c]epnuecxo ]opmt, noxoxee na maponym monnnm. H
ecrnnrentno, raxne oexrt nanmannct. B nauane crartn npnneent necxontxo
cnnerentcrn raxnx nanmenn.
Hpnrxxenne mnxpouepno tpt macco 10
13
re npentmaer rxrorenne 3emnn na
paccroxnnn o 8 +. Ho+romy na paccroxnnn o necxontxnx ecxrxon merpon cnao
saxpennennte npemert npnyr n nnxenne n moryr axe nonxrtcx nnepx. Hoxnnenne
cnnt, cpannnmo no nennunne nnn axe npentmamme npnrxxenne 3emnn,
nanpannenno nox nnn nnepx, onxno npnnonrt x paspymennm sann, npn nocrpoxe
xoroptx nnxora ne yunrtnaercx nosmoxnocrt raxoro poa nosecrnn.
Hoxoxne cotrnx ecrnnrentno nponcxoxr. Hanonee nsnecrnoe nx nnx
nnesannoe paspymenne 25 exapx 1967 roa oma N 77 xopn. 1 n Mocxne na ynnne
Honnnt Ocnnenxo (renept Caonnnuecxax), n pesyntrare uero nornno 147 uenonex 10|.
O]nnnantnax nepcnx nsptn tronoro rasa. Onaxo +ra nepcnx ne moxer oxcnnrt
mnoxecrno ynnnrentntx xnnenn, nanmanmnxcx ouennnamn +ro xaracrpo]t. 3ro,
npexe ncero, cam xo paspymennx. Ho mnorouncnenntm cnnerentcrnam, cnauana rpn
nepxnnx +raxa oma orennnnct or nnxne xoncrpyxnnn, nonxnnct nnepx, sanncnn n
nosyxe, n pasnannnnct rontxo norom, pyxnyn nnns. Bor uro ronopnnn xnrenn cocenero,
nroporo xopnyca oma N 77 no ynnne Honnnt Ocnnenxo.
Co.oeieea H.H.. B +ro npemx x crnpana. Bpyr noa ns nannt nonxnact n
ntnnecnynact nmecre c entem. Menx nopocnno n yapnno o creny. Hon n nanno
ncnyunncx, n xomnare ynann renennsop, xononntnnx, xomo. Ctna yapnno o nept n
ntpocnno n xopnop... Hacrt cocenero xopnyca oxasanact paspymenno, nexoropte
noxn orpocnno na oxpecrnte ynnnt nmecre c xnntnamn, nmn nncenn na epentxx.
Ony xenmnny nmecre c anxonom sapocnno na Caonoe xontno.
Bopuceuro A.H.: Menx cpocnno co cryna, xora x cmorpena renennsop. Cam
renennsop nonptrnyn, yro ero xro-ro nopocnn. ocxn na nony ntrnynnct nnepx,
xomo pasnepnyncx... Crexna n namem ome ntnerenn axe c npornnononoxno
cropont... Ha ynnne x ncrpernna myxunny, xoropt men n epxancx sa ronony. Cxasan,
uro ero ntpocnno nmecre c xymerxo c nxroro +raxa. Hexoroptx xnntnon orpocnno
ouent anexo o Kpacnoxonmcxoro mocra...
O.ee Hauuxuu. Onn ns xnntnon nepnoro xopnyca, ynan nosne mocra, ne
nonyunn nnxaxnx nonpexenn. Ho sarem cxonuancx or cepeunoro npncryna. Ftnn
saperncrpnponant n pyrne cnyuan mxrxo nocaxn xnntnon, orpomenntx na
7
snaunrentnte paccroxnnx. Hexoroptx nme, npoxnnanmnx na nepnom +raxe, nonxno x
noronxy.
Hrax, paspymnrentnoe nosecrnne tno nanpanneno nnepx, ecrnonano
cnntno, no mxrxo, oxnartnax ontmne npocrpancrna es rennontx +]]exron,
npoxnnxnoct axe n saxptrtx nomemennxx. Ouennno, uro onncannte cnnerenxmn
xnnennx ne moryr trt ntsnant ecrnnem yapno nonnt or nsptna rasa.
Heyenrentna raxxe n ntnnnyrax reo]nsnxamn nepcnx, uro paspymenne nponsomno n
pesyntrare noxantnoro cecmnuecxoro ronuxa 11|. A nor rpannrannonnoe npnrxxenne
nponeranme nonnsocrn MH oxcnxer nect xomnnexc xnnenn.
Cotrnx, noonte rparenn na ynnne Ocnnenxo, nponcxonnn
neonoxparno [10]. Bor n neanno nponsomno rparnuecxoe cotrne, npnunno xoroporo,
nnonne nosmoxno, xnnxercx mnxpouepnax tpa. 26 cenrxpx 2011 r. n oxpecrnocrxx
Fy+noc-Apeca nponsomen ranncrnennt nsptn. Ouennnt coomamr, uro ero
npnunno cran ornennt map, nerenmn c nea x semne. B Hnrepnere ecrt nneoponnx,
na xoropom nnen noner +roro ornennoro mapa n npnunnennte paspymennx [14].
B pesyntrare nnnnenra onn uenonex norn, mecrepo tnn panent. Bsptn paspymnn
na xnntx oma, enono o]nc n necxontxo anromonne. Ormeuaercx, uro noponxn, a
raxxe cneon nosecrnnx ornx nnn ntcoxo remneparypt ne onapyxeno. Ho+romy
nepcnn o nsptne rasa nnn naennn mereopnra xpane comnnrentnt. Manonepoxrno raxxe,
uro npnunno nsptna mornn trt ocrarxn xocmnuecxoro cnyrnnxa UARS, rax xax on
pyxnyn n Tnxn oxean nenoanexy or cenepo-sananoro noepextx CBA sa na nx o
+roro cotrnx.
Bosmoxno raxxe, uro nmenno c ntxoom ns nep 3emnn MH cnxsan px
ynnnrentntx cotrn no npemx semnerpxcenn. Bo npemx Cnnraxcxoro semnerpxcennx,
no paccxasam ouennnen, n nosyx nonnmannct n sanncann nnacrt semnn, oma, nmn,
anroyct n axe ranx. B Kasaxcrane n 1990 roy npn semnerpxcennn rtcxun ronn not
nonxnnct ns 3acancxoro osepa 10,11|.
Ocot nnrepec npecrannxer saraounoe nponcmecrnne nnnsn r. Cacono
Pxsancxo onacrn 12 anpenx 1991 r. Tam nponsomen crpannt nsptn c opasonannem
xparepa npannntno ]opmt c nenrpantno ropxo n pasnerom ntpomennoro nemecrna
na mnorne cornn merpon, npnuem samerntx repmnuecxnx +]]exron ne tno. Ho
ntnoam +xcnepron, +ro cotrne ne tno ntsnano nn c xnmnuecxnm nsptnom, nn c
naennem mereopnra. B xnnre A.u. Hepnxena 13|, nnuno nccneonanmero mecro
nponcmecrnnx no cnexnm cneam, npecrannen omnpnt marepnan o Caconcxom
]enomene. Xapaxrep mnornx paspymenn cnnerentcrnyer o noxantnom nosecrnnn
cnntnoro rpannrannonnoro nonx. Hanpnmep, nsrn crona nnnnn +nexrponepeaun n
cropony xparepa. Osnaxomnnmnct c npecrannenntmn ]axramn, nerpyno nonxrt, uro
nannyumnm opasom ncm nx conoxynnocrt oxcnxer npenonoxenne o rom, uro +ro
nponsomno n pesyntrare ntxoa ns 3emnn MH.
Mt yxe paccmorpenn, xaxnm opasom, moxer npoxnnxrt cex mnxpouepnax
tpa, nnxymaxcx n armoc]epe. Ecnn armoc]epa naxonrcx n ycrounnom cocroxnnn,
oexr manosameren n npoxnnxer cex, n ocnonnom, nosecrnnem rpannrannn na nnsxo
pacnonoxennte npemert. Ecnn xe nnxenne uepno tpt nponcxonr n
neycrounno armoc]epe, nactmenno nnaro, npn nannunn nosymntx noroxon,
xnnennx moryr trt snaunrentno onee macmrantmn. Horoxn nosyxa, no mepe
npnnnxennx x uepno tpe, ncnecrnne ee rpannrannonnoro npnrxxennx pesxo
ynennunnamr cxopocrt n saxpyunnamrcx, opasyx nnxpt; n tcrponnxymemcx
nosyxe nponcxonr nonnxenne remneparypt, xonencannx naxonnenno n nosyxe
nnarn, naaer annenne. Macmra xnnennx cnntno nospacraer sa cuer +neprnn,
8
naxonnenno n nosyxe: nosnnxaer cmepu. 3ro rposnoe xnnenne o cnx nop ne nmeno
yonnernopnrentnoro oxcnennx. Hpenonoxenne o nannunn n cmepuax mnxpouepntx
tp n xauecrne npnrxrnnammero nenrpa enaer +ro xnnenne nnonne nonxrntm.
Ecnn onncannte xnnennx ecrnnrentno cnxsant c mnxpocxonnuecxnmn
uepntmn tpamn, nx nannune n 3emne xnnxercx naxntm reo]nsnuecxnm ]axropom.

An1epa1ypa

1. Kpenen I.A. Cnocrna mapono monnnn no cnnerentcrny ouennnen.
http://www.sinor.ru/~bukren4/nab_shmi.htm
2. Hepenamyx A.M. Honcxn uepntx tp. VuH. T. 173. N4. 2003. C.345-384.
3. Tpo]nmenxo A.H. Hepnte tpt n ]nsnxe 3emnn. Mnncx: APTH-uEKC. 1997. 112 c.
4. Trofimenko A.P. Black holes in cosmic bodies. Astrophys. Space Sci. V.168. 1990. P. 277292.
5. Greenstein G., Burns J.O. Small black holes: ionization tracks and range. Amer. Jorn. Phys. V. 52.
1984. P. 531534.
6. Hapxomon A.I. Mante uepnte tpt: nsanmoecrnne c nemecrnom n nosmoxnte +]]exrt,
ocrynnte nanmennm. B c.: Acrpo]nsnxa n reo]nsnxa oronon. Mnncx: APTH-uEKC. 1997.
c. 7182 .
7. Hapxomon A.I. O nosmoxnocrn ]nxcannn mantx uepntx tp nnnsn nonepxnocrn 3emnn. Tesnct
oxnaon X poccncxo rpannrannonno xon]epennnn. Bnanmnp, 2027 nmnx 1999. C. 274.
8. Hapxomon A.I. Kocmoc. 3emnx. Henonex. Honte rpann nayxn. M.: Hayxa, 2009. 272 c.
9. Ipymnncxn H.H, Caruua H.B. Ipannrannonnax pasnexa. M.: Hepa. 1988. 220 c.
10. B. Cnonenxn. Pacxptra rana nsptna n nenrpe Mocxnt.
http://www.mirnov.ru/arhiv/mn712/mn/26-1.html
11. Fapxoncxn E.B. Honemax reopnx npnpot semnerpxcenn xax rpannrpxcenn: reopnx n
npaxrnxa http://www.rusphysics.ru/articles/199
12. Ipnropten A. H. Baponax monnnx. pocnannt: pIV. 2006. 200 c.
13. Hepnxen A.u. Kamnn naamr n neo. M.: Fente antnt. 1999. 224 c.
14. Bsptn n Aprenrnne ttp://t./s/urs/0070215

O an1ope: Hapxooe Aueucaup Ieopeueeuu, x.].-m. n., npo]. Mexynapono
cnanxncxo axaemnn, pyxononrent naoparopnn-xa]ept Pnrmt n ]nyxryannn
Hncrnryra nccneonann npnpot npemenn www.chronos.msu.ru.

1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Hpuna Hepycanumoea

MATEPHR HRH CO3HAHHE?

Korpa Anuepf Suufeu un ranuukor, ou sapan cee eonpoc:
-fo ypef, ecnu n noepy ua eenocunepe co ckopocfuk ceefa u eknky
qouapu, ou ypef ceefufu? Rufancu uafu peueuue nocfaeneuuo nepep
coo sapau e pefcfee, ou npuun k cospauuk feopuu ofuocufenuuocfu e
ronopocfu.

Teopun Dum1eua nokoneana ocuoeu knaccuecko uukfouoecko qusuku.
Rocnepunn cfpounacu ua ocuoeauuu uankpeuu sa nnofuuru rafepuanuuuru oLekfaru
of napakux nnok po nnauef. Ee sakouu sa ueckonuko cfonefu unu ueopuokpafuo
npoeepeuu u pokasauu. Ouu nounfuu u xopouo npepckasueakf noeepeuue qusueckux
fen.
Ho e uaane XX cfonefun, korpa qusuku yrnyunucu e usyeuue rukporupa, ouu
ouapyunu uefo eecura cfpauuoe: uukfouoeckan qusuka ua ypoeue aforoe u
snekfpouoe ue paofaef! Rpuuua saknkaefcn e for, fo fonuko ua sfor
rukpockonueckor ypoeue konuecfeo suepruu usreunefcn peskuru ueonuuuru ckakaru
(keaufaru). B nnareuu ceeu rouo yeupefu, kak snekfpouu coeepuakf sfu npuku:
kpacuu ueef coofeefcfeyef raneuukory keaufoeory ckaky snekfpoua, cuuu onuuory
Suufeu eupeuuyn nocfynaf: uufo ue roef peurafucn ucfpee ckopocfu ceefa.
Ho keaufoean qusuka onpoeeprna reuuanuuoro feopefuka u pokasana cyaforuue acfuuu
roryf oreuueafucn uuqoprauue rruoeeuuo uaxopncu ppyr of ppyra ua nkor
ypaneuuu.
Ronoeuun keaufoeo feopuu okasanucu uacfonuko ouenorufenuuuru, fo ouu
onuue uanoruuakf uayuyk qaufacfuky. Hanpurep, acfuua rukporupa roef
uaxopufucn e peyx u onee recfax opuoepereuuo! Opuu us coecer uepaeuux
skcnepureufoe nokasan, fo opua us fakux acfuu roef uaxopufucn opuoepereuuo e fpex
fucnax recfax! Opuu u fof e oLekf roef ufu u nokanusoeauuo acfuue, u
sueprefuecko eonuo, pacnpocfpaunkecn e npocfpaucfee.
Yeuue cfonkuynucu c skcnepureufanuuur nopfeeppeuuer foro, fo npouecc
uankpeuun enunef ua uankpaeroe neneuue. B sfo censu ruorur uccnepoeafennr
npuuna e ronoey peeonkuuouuan upen: ru yacfeyer e cospauuu peanuuocfu. 4usuk
Bpaau Fpuu e kuure Tkauu kocroca nuuef: Koaa ui onpeenneu, uanpuuep,
nonoeuue anekmpoua, ui ue usuepneu oekmueuoe pauee cyecmeoeaeuee ceocmeo
peaniuocmu. Ckopee akm usuepeuun nnomuo ennemeu e cosauue cauo usuepneuo
peaniuocmu.
Bnpoer, upen o for, fo uankpafenu ueuseuo enunef ua nko uankpaeru
ur qusuecku npouecc, u o for, fo ru ue uefpanuuue ceupefenu npoucxopnero,
enepeue una euckasaua Hunucou Bopou. Ou yfeeppan npuuuun ueonpepeneuuocfu
Feseuepra noppasyreeaef uefo onuuee, er ueeosrouocfu fouo opuoepereuuo
onpepenufu ckopocfu u nonoeuue cyaforuo acfuuu. Opep Anau Bonuq, qusuk u
qunocoq, peskrupyef: /eno ue moniko e mou, vmo ei ue uoeme usuepumi uevmo.
Smoao uevmo eooe uem o mex nop, noka ei ue uavueme eao uankami.

ee c nonoeuuo fucnu nef uasap rpeecku qunocoq euokpu1 enepeue e
ucfopuu enoeeecfea pocun rucneuuu esop e rnyu rafepuu u npuuen k eueopy:
B uupe uem uuveao, kpoue amouoe u nycmoao npocmpaucmea. Bce ocmaniuoe nuui
uauu onyeuun. C fex nop ua ruorue eeka yfeeppunocu rueuue, fo afor kupnuuk
rupospauun.
2
Teopuu keaufoeo rexauuku yepunucu: nppo u snekfpouu cocfaeuue acfu
afora npepcfaennkf coo ue coeokynuocfu rukpockonueckux rafepuanuuux fen, a
ycfoueu eonuoeo naffepu. 3afer euncuunocu, fo o ycfoueocfu roeopufu ue
npuxopufcn: afor sfo kpafkoepereuuoe esauruoe uanoeuue (cryeuue) sueprefueckux
none.
Coepereuuue uccnepoeauun Bceneuuo nokasanu: nycfoe npocfpaucfeo kocroca
ue nycfo. Ouo uanonueuo konoccanuuo sueprue. B kapor kyueckor caufurefpe
aconkfuoro eakyyra sfo suepruu cfonuko, ckonuko ue copepufcn eo ecex rafepuanuuux
oLekfax uaue Bceneuuo!
Ho ee sa fucny nef po erokpufa uupuckue uyppeum yfeeppanu, fo sa
npepenaru peanuuocfu, kofopan eocnpuuuraefcn uauuru oprauaru yecfe, cyecfeyef
ppyran, onee eauan ueeupuran peanuuocfu (eakyyr). Oua eucuan peanuuocfu
onee qyupareufanuuan, er rafepuanuuan Bceneuuan. Hs uee ucxopnf ece qeuoreuu
uauero unnksopuoro rupa, u oua kakur-fo opasor censaua c enoeeeckur cosuauuer.
Bceneuuan sfo ueoe cyecfeo, acfuk kofoporo nennkfcn nkpu.
K noxour nonoeuunr npuunu ceropun qusuku-feopefuku. Yeuuk Suufeua
anup Bou cufaef, fo keaufoean rexauuka nopfeeppaef: peanuuocfu uepenuroe
uenoe, e kofopor ece uaxopufcn e rnyuuuo esaurocensu sa npepenaru ouuoro
npocfpaucfea u epereuu.
Ou eupeuuyn kouuenuuk cyecfeoeauun ckpuforo nopnpka (ckpufo,
ueouapyuro qusuecko Bceneuuo), us kofoporo eufekaef neuu nopnpok
(useecfuan uar Bceneuuan). Eeckoueuue npeopasoeauun sfux nopnpkoe nopopakf
pasuoopasue qeuoreuoe keaufoeoro rupa. pyruru cnoearu, ua ceoux rnyuuuux
ypoeunx rup npepcfaennef coo qyupareufanuuoe none cosuauun, ouo cospaef
uuqoprauuk, onpepennkyk cyecfeoeauue rupa.
okfop Dprap Mu1uenn, arepukaucku acfpouaef, ocuoeafenu uayuoro ueufpa, e
kofopor npoeopnfcn uccnepoeauun skcfpaceucopuoro eocnpunfun peanuuocfu, npuuen k
fakory eupeuuk eo epern ceoero kocrueckoro nyfeuecfeun. P ueouauuo ocosuan
Bceneuuan uaeneua Pasyuou. Oua euemcn e onpeeneuuou uanpaeneuuu paseumun, u
ui kakuu-mo opasou yvacmeyeu e amou eenukou npouecce. Ho fo, fo ocosuan
S. Mufenn, oeuu cxoe c pyxoeuuru osapeuunru rucfukoe pasuux epereu u uapopoe.

Hap peueuuer eonpoca o for, fo nepeuuo cosuauue unu rafepun,
enoeeecfeo uefcn oeuu paeuo. B coofeefcfeuu c oenpuunfur rueuuer, uaue
cosuauue ecero nuuu npopykf penfenuuocfu rosra. Opuako penuruosuue fpapuuuu eo
ecr rupe yfeeppakf coecer npofueononouoe. Cosuauue ocuoea ecero cyero, a
sueprun-rafepun npopykf cosuauun. Hau rosr ue fonuko ue cospaf cosuauue, uo u
orpauuueaef ero! Ro rueuuk ruorux coepereuuux qusukoe u qunocoqoe, npuuno epern
cospafu uacfonyk eceoLernkyk feopuk epuuo Bceneuuo, e kofopyk
onsafenuuo ponuo ufu eknkeuo cosuauue.
Hoeneecku naypeaf qusuk us Rpuucfoua xou Bunep cufaef, fo ru ue
npocfo spumenu cnekmaknn, paseopavueakeaocn ua kocuuvecko cueue, uo aemopi u
meopui euuo Bceneuuo.
Cosuauue amo cauocmonmeniui qyuaueumaniui npouecc, ceocmeeuui
npupoe u cmoni e uupoko pacnpocmpauuui e ue, kak ceem unu anekmpuvecmeo,
paccypaef Huk Fepep1.
Cornacuo rueuuk pokfopa uua Papuua, uauu rucnu u enauun ue eonnoakfcn
e peanuuocfu no opuo eecura cepusuo npuuue: Bc, vmo ei enaeme, ec, vmo
yuaeme u o vu uevmaeme, pacnpocmpaunemcn eo Bceneuuo u, ecmecmeeuuo,
enunem ua ue. Ho oua eckouevua u uauu uicnuuku u npucmpacmun ue uoaym
npueecmu makyk uaxuuy k ueueneuuo u ckoni-uuyi cyecmeeuuo nepeueue.
Honaaak, vmo ecnu i uauu uuuonmuie npuxomu uoanu usueunmi peaniuocmi, ui
novmu cpasy yuuvmounu i amom uup.
4usuk-feopefuk Feupu C1ann yepu: ecnu ru pocfafouo ponro u uenpepueuo
ypepueaer opuo u fo e uarepeuue (enauue) nyfr ruorokpafuo nocfauoeku nepep
Bceneuuo opuoro u foro e eonpoca, ru usreuner keaufoeyk eeponfuocfu coufun.
Takur opasor ru roer enunfu ua eeponfuocfu npoueccoe keaufoeoro rupa u yeenuufu
3
eeponfuocfu foro, fo uyuoe uar coufue npousopf. Ho nponera saknkaefcn e for,
fo onuuuucfeo nkpe ocfaennkf ceou uarepeuun, coeepuue coecer ueonuuue ycunun.
Ouu ue nonyakf enaeroro pesynufafa u nosfory uerepneuuo ofpacueakf
eosrouocfu pocfueuun ycnexa.
Keaufoean rexauuka una cospaua, fou oLncuufu cyaforuu rup. E feopuu
ckasanu rupy: Ecnu ui npouukueu e cokpoeeuuie anyuui uamepuu mo yeuuu, vmo
mau oua npeepaaemcn e auepauk. Ecnu ui onuueu amo uameuamuvecku, okaemcn,
vmo uamepun eooe ue uamepuaniua! Ousuveckan Bceneuuan ue nennemcn qusuvecko.
Oua eosuukaem us nonn, onee moukoao, veu caua auepaun; us nonn oniue noxoeao ua
uuqopuauuk unu nomok cosuauun.
Anuepf Suufeu refan o epuuo eceoe feopuu Bceneuuo. Ceropun yuue
no ecery rupy npoponakf ufucn uap sfo sapae. Ouu nufakfcn cospafu Teopuk
Bcero, kofopan censueana u ece acfuuu u esauropecfeun eo Bceneuuo c norouk
ueckonukux fkux u nakouuuux ypaeueuu, epope E = mc
2
.
Acfpoqusuk C1uneu Xokuur cufaef, fo nuauue uayuue skcnepureufu
eueeckoro yckopufenn snereufapuux acfuu (unu Eonuuoro appouuoro konnapepa)
curpakf peuakyk ponu e cospauuu Teopuu Bcero.

Hpuna Hepycanumoea

HPO, N 18 (682), 2011. C. 3.
1

40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Muxaun Bypnemun

,

B uavane ino cnoeo, u cnoeo ino y Boaa mak uavuuaemcn Eeauaenue om
Hoauua, uueuuo cnoeo cuavana comeopuno venoeeka, sameu coeepueucmeoeano eao u
enano noxouu ua Boaa.

Ha pasuux nonkcax cfonf cnoea cosupafenuuue u cnoea paspyuufenuuue, cnoea
ronufeu u cnoea pauu u rafa. Repeue neaf u coeepueucfeykf oecfeeuuyk cyuocfu
enoeeka, efopue eusueakf onesuu u uuseopnf nkpe po cyecfe, ueyux fonuko
ueofuuru uucfuukfaru.
B nocnepuue ropu eonpocaru eospecfeun pufruku seyauun saunnucu u yuue.
Ouu poeonuuo ucfpo ycfauoeunu, fo pufru, coenapakue c fak uasueaero
raprouuuo rysuko, neaf nkpe, npoypakf e uux ckpufue cnocouocfu. Takue
npuufauun, uaneeu coenapakf c eupauue, uanonunke ec ueoe ua serne, e for
ucne u enoeeka.
H uaoopof, pucraprouuuoe oprofauue konpyuoe paspyuaef enoeeka, fnnu
pok c ero peauo renopue kaneuf ero foukyk ncuxuky. ae kpucu, carue
npucnoconeuuue k eueuue cpepe ueue cyecfea ua 3erne, u fe ue eupepueakf
fako pucraprouuuo rysuku u, kak nokasueakf onufu, npoeepuuue e ueckonukux
uayuo-uccnepoeafenuckux oprauusauunx Poccuu, uauuakf noruafu.

Opua us runofes, pakan oLncueuue fakory enunuuk seykoe, sfo npepcfaeneuue
o uuqoprauuouuor ceocfee eopu. Rop pecfeuer seykoe, e for ucne u enoeeecko
peu, ronekynu eopu, a uaue feno npurepuo ua 80 npoueufoe cocfouf us eopu, uauuakf
eucfpaueafucn e cnouue cfpykfypu. H e saeucurocfu of pufra, a kak cufakf uekofopue
uccnepoeafenu, u of crucnoeo uarpysku, sfu cfpykfypu roryf neufu unu, uaoopof,
ofpaennfu oprauusr.
Ceropun yuue nonyunu uoeue nopfeeppeuun suaeuun pufroe e usuu
npupopu, e for ucne u enoeeka, u ocoeuuo e ero spopoeue. Hanpurep, ofknuk ua pufru,
seyauue u srouuouanuuu cfpo cnoea sppaecfey ecerpa okasueaefcn
nonoufenuuur. Rcuxonoru, nuureucfu, repuku cufakf, fo pnn foro, fou opofucn c
onesunru, ueoxopuro nopopafu k fory unu uuory cocfonuuk enoeeka pufru
ucuennke ero rysuku.
Bnunuue pufroe ua spopoeue enoeeka sauufepecoeano u useecfuoro
arepukauckoro yuoro . Munnepa. Ou oLncunef ocoeuuocfu sforo eospecfeun
nponyckuo cnocouocfuk uepeuo cucferu enoeeka. Cfafucfuka npoeepuuux ur
onufoe nopfeeppuna, fo uekofopue eueuuue pufruuue eospecfeun ua enoeeka
eusueakf ceoeopasuu pesouauc e ero oprauusre, akfueuo enunn ua xop upyux e ur
npoueccoe. Rosfory yreno nopopauuan rysuka, seyauue ronufeu u pae cfuxoe
okasueakf uenufenuuoe eospecfeue ua nkpe, usaennn ux of eceeosrouux uepyroe.
B feeuue ueckonukux nef yuu Heau Eennecku u ueckonuko ero
epuuoruuneuuukoe eenu uankpeuue sa peyrn rpynnaru. Repean us uux cocfonna us
nkpe, e pasroeope ue oxopueuuxcn es rafepuuu, efopan npuuuunuanuuo ue
ucnonusykux e ouxope kpenkux cnoeeek. H eof fo nokasanu ruoronefuue
uankpeuun. Y rafepuuuukoe oeuu ucfpo nonennnucu eospacfuue usreueuun ua
knefouor ypoeue u pasnuuue xpouueckue saoneeauun. Bo efopo rpynne, uaoopof,
oee cocfonuue oprauusra uno ua 5, 10, a nopo u 15 nef ronoe ux oquuuanuuoro
eospacfa.
2
Auanoruuue pesynufafu unu nonyeuu ua ppyro cfopoue seruoro uapa.
Arepukauckan accouuauun ncuxofepaneefoe onynukoeana pauuue ruoronefuux
uccnepoeauu spopoeun fucn eepykux u afeucfoe. Mepuku npuunu k eueopy, fo e
cpepuer enoeek, perynnpuo noceaku uepkoeu u ronnucn e ue, uef ponuue,
er ofeepraku penuruk.
K fory e eueopy npuunu yuue us Kpacuonpckoro ueufpa repuuuuckux
fexuonoru npu Cuupckor ofpeneuuu uayk. Hx uccnepoeauun nopfeeppunu enunuue
cnoeecuo uuqoprauuu ua urryuuyk cucfery enoeeka. Ouu oLekfueuo nokasanu, fo
npaeu unu uauu npepku, ucnonusoeaeuue npu neeuuu saroeopu u ronufeu.
opan nekcuka, kofopyk cfanu npureunfu kpacuonpckue repuku ua ceoux
ncuxofepaneefueckux ceaucax, ue fonuko nopuurana uacfpoeuue onuuux, oua e u
peanuuo reunna cocfae kpoeu: noeuuana e sueprefueckyk rkocfu, knefouu
urryuufef. Rpoucxopunu usreueuun u e cfpykfype HK. H eof, y onuuux, npuxopueuux e
Kpacuonpcku ueufp, c norouk cnoeo-fepanuu cfanu ucfpee sapyuoeueafucn
ruouue acueccu.

Hauonee uufepecuue uccnepoeauun, noseonnkue sarnnuyfu e car rexauusr
eospecfeun ronufeu ua spopoeue enoeeka, unu npoeepeuu e naopafopuu uepo- u
ncuxoqusuonoruu Caukf-Refepyprckoro uucfufyfa ureuu B.M. Eexfepeea. B uux npuunnu
yacfue ue fonuko yuue, ceneuuuku, uo u npuxoaue Anekcauppo-Heecko naepu. Bo
epern cnyu sanucueanacu suueqanorparra rosra eepykux. Coepereuuan uayka
npupepueaefcn rueuun, fo cyecfeykf fpu ocuoeuux cocfonuun ronoeuoro rosra, pesko
ofnuakuecn no ocoeuuocfu ceoux suueqanorparr: oppcfeoeauue u fak uasueaerue
ucfpu u repneuuu cuu. Yuue euneunu e opuo cocfonuue, kofopoe ycnoeuo rouo
uaseafu ronufeeuuur oppcfeoeauuer. Rpu sfor kopa rosra ofknkeua, u eocnpunfue
uuqoprauuu enoeekor upf, ruuyn rucnufenuuue npoueccu. Ro rueuuk yuux, sfo
cocfonuue, kak u cou, fake ueoxopuro pnn uopranuuoro qyukuuouupoeauun oprauusra.


Ro-ppyrory pecfeyef ua enoeeka pyrauu, rafepuua. Maf ec onuue u onuue
exopuf e nekcukou poccunu. E kakue-fo peecfu-fpucfa nef uasap nponeru raccoeo
rafepuuu ua Pycu ue cyecfeoeano. Bo epereua Anekcen Muxanoeua Porauoea
ycnuuafu ua ynuue raf uno npocfo ueeosrouo. H sfo oLncunefcn ue fonuko
ckporuocfuk u penukafuocfuk uauux npepkoe, a u nonufuko, npoeopuro rocypapcfeor.
Ro Coopuory nonoeuuk sa ynofpeneuue uenofpeuux cnoe uanaranocu ecfokoe
uakasauue ennofu po crepfuo kasuu.
Rofor npuunu uuue epereua. Benuku nepekpouk Poccuu Rfp Repeu een
nunucfeo e oua pycckoro uapopa. Fpyan pauu saseyana cuaana e kaakax, a nofor
eunnecuynacu ua ynuuu ropopoe. B XIX eeke ckeepuocnoeue nocfeneuuo us pyrauu
npeepafunocu e ocuoey nsuka qapuuux paoux u racfepoeux.

Huorpa roeopnf, fo raf npuun k uar erecfe c rourono-fafapckur uauecfeuer.
Ho sfo ue fak. Mafepuoe oosuaeuue euuuu nrkoro noeepeuun ecfpeaefcn ye e
epecfnuux uoeropopckux sanuckax. Tonuko eof ureno ouo far coeepueuuo ppyro crucn.
Sfo urn peroua, c kofopur oanucu ppeeuue konpyuu. B ero onsauuocfu exopuno
uakasueafu npoeuuueuuxcn euuu fer, fo e coepereuuo repuuuue uasueaefcn
eueucfeo rafku. Hreuuo c sfur censau rexauusr enunuun ckeepuocnoeun ua enoeeka.
Maf npoypaef e ero nopcosuauuu pocfaeuuecn ery erecfe c reuuo narnfuk
ncuxoeupycu. Ynofpennn raf e pasroeope c ppysunru, popuuru, coepereuuue nkpu,
caru foro ue nopospeean, coeepuakf cokpoeeuuu pufyan, npusuean sno uso pun e
peuu, us ropa e rop ua ceok ronoey u ua ronoey ceoux nuskux.

Rpaeocnaeuan penurun, ue pasupancu e uayuux nponerax eospecfeun rafa ua
spopoeue u cypuy enoeeka, uspaeua npepynpepana eepykux o onacuocfu
snoynofpeneuun sfo naryuo npueuko. B kuure O rpexax nsuka ceneuuuk Cepre
Hukonaee nuuef, fo ynofpeneuue rafa, ua nepeu esrnnp, ue fof us rpexoe, kofopue
penurun npuucnnef k fak uasueaerur crepfuur, fo ecfu carur fnkur. Opuako cara
3
usuu ceupefenucfeyef o for, fo ckeepuocnoeue ecerpa cfauoeufcn uaanor nyfu k e
onuuery sny. Ho npusueaku puneona ueusreuuo nonyaef e ufore nonuu uaop
nocnepcfeu oeuun c uur, eknkaku paspyueuuoe spopoeue u nonorauuyk cypuy.

Muxaun Bypnemun

HPO, N 16 (679), 2011. C. 18.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Muxaun Bypnemun

RO3BOHHR YMEPLHH

Kapu uoeu eek paef enoeeecfey ofeefu ua eonpocu, ryueuue nkpe
npounux eekoe. Rpaepa, ou e cfaeuf uoeue, ee onee cnouue eonpocu. Ho opuu us
carux nepeux, kofopu sapan cee eno eek, ocosuaeuu cen enoeekor: fo npoucxopuf
nocne crepfu? ocfaefcn es ofeefa.
Hsopefeuue snekfpuecfea, a safer cospauue ua ero ocuoee pasnuuux
nepepakux u sanoruuakux ycfpocfe fenerpaqa, papuonpueruuka, raruufoqoua,
feneeusopa, kornukfepa ue fonuko noseonuno eufu enoeeecfey ua uoeu ypoeeuu
paseufun, uo u, kasanocu u, paspyuuno uenpouuuaeryk cfeuy, ofpennkyk rup ueux
of rupa repfeux. Cornacuo nereupar, urekurcn nofu y ecex uapopoe, peuar
ypaeanocu, ocoeuuo c norouk kpoeaeux pufyanoe, noroeopufu c repfeuru. Ho
nopaennkee ucno yeuux cufano fakue nereupu u ruqu ue urekuru nop coo
peanuuo ocuoeu. He oeuu poeepnnu ouu u pacckasar nkpe c skcfpaceucopuuru
cnocouocfnru o ronocax yrepuux, kofopue seyanu y uux e ronoee. Ropospufenuuoe
ofuoueuue nkpe c uayuur cknapor yra k ronocar yrepuux cfano reunfucn c kouua XIX
eeka.
Ee e panekor 1895 ropy usopefafenu snekfpueckoro fenerpaqa Mapkouu u
Spucou npepckasanu, fo uacfauef epern, korpa enoeeecfeo croef ecfynafu e koufakf c
yrepuuru. Ro ux rueuuk, no papuoeonuar yuepuue caru uapyf cnoco censafucn c
ueuru. Ouu pae uarekanu, fo cospanu fakoe ycfpocfeo. K coaneuuk, ero onucauu e
yrarax yeuux ue uno ouapyeuo. Tak unu uuae, uo ye c uaana XX eeka e rasefax
cfanu nonennfucn sarefku o for, fo nopo annapafu Mopse caronpouseonuuo uauuanu
ofcfykueafu curuanu, npepynpepan o rpnpyer epcfeuu. Ho fakue cpaeuufenuuo pepkue
cnyau eocnpuuuranucu ufake nynuko fonuko kak sauurafenuuue kypuesu. Rosfory
useecfue, fo c norouk raruufoqoua rouo sanucueafu ronoca repfeux, noneueueecn e
rasefax e cepepuue XX eeka, cfano ceucauue.
Hpen sanucafu ronoca pyxoe ua nneuky npuuapneuf uekoery pefouy Toracy.
Cuaana ou npepnonoun, fo ero annapaf cnyauo sanucan opueku papuonepepa, uo,
euurafenuuo npocnyuae nneuky, pefou ysuan ronoc ceoero paeuo yrepuero ofua.
Ouuo sfo ofkpufue censueakf c ureuer onepuoro neeua us Leeuuu Kprucoua.
B 1959 ropy apfucf yacfeoean e npoekfe sanucu ua kaccefy neuun nfuu. B necy
uenopaneky of ceoero pora e Menuupane ou sanucan neuue nfuu. ora, npocnyuae nneuky,
neeeu uapnpy c fpennru nfuu ycnuuan rycko ronoc, kofopu ofefnueo npousuec no-
uopeecku qpasy o nfuuux ronocax uou. Ho Kpreucou e roreuf sanucu un
coeepueuuo opuu! Ropaeuuu, ou cpenan e necy ee ueckonuko sanuce. Ha opuo us
uux Kpreucou ycnuuan ronoc yrepue rafepu, npepocfeperaeuu ero: 4puppux, sa
foo uankpakf!

Tauucfeeuuue seyku ua kaccefe sauufepecoeanu neeua, u ou peuun saunfucn ux
usyeuuer. Rpoauanusupoeae npocnyuauuoe, ou cpenan eueop, fo ronoca seyaf ua
pasuux nsukax, acfo reunn ux e cepepuue qpasu. Opuako e cfpykfype npepnoeuu, e
nocfauoeke ypapeuu, peneuuu ua cnoru oeuu ruoro ouuok. Tern peu reunncn
npakfuecku ece epern of fekyero roeopa po ckoporoeopku, nounfu e kofopo rouo uno
nuuu ofpenuuue seyku.
Fopu kponofnueux uccnepoeauu noseonunu Kpreucouy uanucafu u uspafu e
1963 ropy kuury Fonoca Bceneuuo, e 1967-r Papuokoufakf c repfeuru, kofopue
npouseenu uacfonyk ceucauuk ue fonuko cpepu ufake nynuku, uo u e uayuor
2
rupe.
Rpouno okono pecnfu nef, u nafeucku npoqeccop, yeuuk Kpreucoua, Koucfaufuu
Paypue, npepcfaeun uoeue nneuku c rucfueckuru ronocaru. Muorue ckenfuecku
uacfpoeuuue yeuue nufanucu onpoeepruyfu onufu Paypuea. Ouu cufanu rnynocfuk, fo
ua nneukax cnuuuu ronoca, roeopnue npeuryecfeeuuo ua nafuuckor, uereukor u
qpauuysckor nsukax. a u feru pnn pasroeopoe unu cnuukor cfpauuuru: ueef opepu,
porauunn yfeapu. Rosfory onuuuucfeo yeuux unu yepeuu, fo ronoca, sa
nucauuue Paypueur, sfo cnyauo ynoeneuuue eonuu papuo u feneeupeuun. Paspeuufu
ux corueuun noror onuf, npoeepeuuu e rapfe 1971 ropa.
Hueuepu nocfaeunu e cfypuu cneuuanuuyk annapafypy, fo u nepekpufu nkoe
cnyauoe nonapauue eonu papuo- u fene eeauun. B skcnepureufe ucnonusoeanucu
nyuue opasuu cyecfeyke forpa annapafypu u caran eucokokaecfeeuuan
raruufuan nneuka. Paypue nonusoeancn opuur sanucueakur annapafor, e fo epern kak
ppyro, coepuueuuu u cuuxpouusupoeauuu c uur, cnyun e kaecfee koufponuuoro.
-fou useafu noppenku, Paypuey ue uno paspeueuo carocfonfenuuo sauurafucn
uacfpoko annapafypu. Ou fonuko ror ofpaeafu koraupu e rukpoqou. Tpefu
sanucueaku annapaf, cuuxpouusupoeauuu c raruufoqouor Paypuea, sanucuean ece
seyku e cfypuu. 3anucu ronocoe Paypuea una 18 ruuyf, u uukfo us npucyfcfeykux ue
cnuuan e cfypuu uu opuoro ueouuoro seyka Ho, npokpyuean neufy cuoea yeuue
ouapyunu ua ue onee cofuu ronocoe.
Skcnepfu unu ouenorneuu K fory e koufponuuu sanucueaku annapaf ue
sanucan aconkfuo uuero. Sfo ueeosrouo c foku speuun snekfpouuku, npusuancn
aurnucku uueuep, eosrnaenneuu npoeepky.

Hccnepoeauunru ronocoe,. uenocfuurur opasor sanucueaeuuxcn ua
raruufoqouax, e CLA sauuranucu pafun oseq u Makn Paropo us ufafa Bauuurfou.
Skcnepfu usyunu ronoca u refopu sanucu pafuee Paropo u npuunu k eueopy, fo ouu
cpenauu es oraua. Hekofopue cnoea, npousuocurue ronocaru, urenu aurno-
eeponeckoe npoucxopeuue u unu useecfuu fonuko nuureucfar u fer carur ue rornu
ufu eupyrauu pafunru. Epafunr ypanocu oLncuufu peqekfu npousuoueuun ronocoe,
ua kofopue opafun euurauue ee Kpreucou. Mu nounnu, pacckasuean oseq
Paropo, fo onapafenu ronocoe roryf usreunfu cnuuurue uyru u seyku e koruafe u
npeopasoeueafu ux e peu. Hekofopue uccnepoeafenu nonarakf, fo pyxar nere
ynofpeufu suepruk, ye urekykcn, u npeopasoeafu ee e cocfeeuuue cnoea, er
nufafucn copafu suepruk carur.
Auanus qeuoreua ronocoe ua raruufoqouax noseonun yeuur cpenafu uufepecuue
eueopu, ue fonuko nopfeeppakue peanuuocfu ux cyecfeoeauun, uo u oLncunkue,
noery ue ecerpa ypaefcn ux sanucafu. Hukako sanucu ronocoe ue npoucxopuf, ecnu
annapafypa paofaef e nycfo koruafe. Pkpu ponuu far npucyfcfeoeafu. Rockonuky sfo
fak, ecerpa, pasyreefcn, cyecfeyef npepnonoeuue, fo ouu eccosuafenuuo noeuuuu e
noneneuuu sfux ronocoe
Hecrofpn ua ceucauuouuue pesynufafu sanucu ronocoe yrepuux, nonyeuuue e 60-
e ropu npounoro cfonefun, uufepec k uur nocfeneuuo safux. Ero eospopeuue e kouue 90-x
ropoe npounoro cfonefun u e uaane uoeoro censauo c noneneuuer fakoro e sqqekfa e
feneqouax, feneeusopax u pae e kornukfepax.
Hepepko e rasefax pasuux cfpau cfanu nonennfucn cooeuun o feneqouuux
seoukax us rupa yrepuux. Takue cooeuun kayfcn coufunru cfpauuuru u
uenoppakurucn oLncueuuk, uo fer ue reuee seouku cnyakfcn ece ae u ae.
Mouo pae nopyrafu, fo yeenueuue uufeucueuocfu papuoeonu, uanonunkux
npocfpaucfeo eokpyr seruoro uapa, ucfouakf cfeuy, paspennkyk rup ueux u
repfeux. Eonuuuucfeo feneqouuux pasroeopoe npoucxopuf repy nkpuru, y kofopux
una npu usuu fecuan srouuouanuuan censu: repy ryer u euo, popufennru u
pefuru, pafunru u cecfparu, uuorpa repy ppysunru. Takue koufakfu uccnepoeafenu
uasueakf ueneeuru. Kak npaeuno, ouu upyf us nofycfopouuero rupa u euseauu enauuer
caroro yrepuero ckasafu fo-uuypu ueyur: nonpoafucn c uuru, npepynpepufu ux o
onacuocfu unu cooufu fo-uuypu eauoe.
Hanpurep, ofeu akfpucu Hpu Pknuuo, Cfsunu, kofopu yrep , e Poupoue eo epern
3
Bfopo rupoeo eouu, ue ocfaeue saeeauun, noseouun poepu uecfu recnuee cnycfn
nocne ceoe crepfu u oLncuun, rpe uaxopufcn nofauoe recfo, e kofopor xpaunfcn ero
yraru.

Pkpu, nonyueuue feneqouuue seouku c foro ceefa, pacckasueakf, fo ronoca
repfeux seyaf fouo fak e, kak u npu usuu. Eonee foro, yrepuue acfo ucnonusykf
nackafenuuue ureua u ceou nkurue cnoeeku. Teneqou npu sfor seouuf kak ouuo,
xofn uekofopue nkpu roeopnf, fo seouok ece-faku seyuf kak-fo enno. B onuuuucfee
cnyaee censu npu fakux seoukax ueaef nnoxo, c ruoecfeor norex u eknuuueakuxcn
ronocoe, cnoeuo npu nepeceeuuu nuuu. Bo ruorux cnyanx ronoc repfeoro rouo
paccnuuafu c fpypor, u no xopy pasroeopa ou penaefcn ece fuue u fuue.
Oeuu pepko eosuukaef opafuan censu: korpa uuuuuafopor seouka nennefcn ueo.
-enoeek, penaku seouok, pae ue porapueaefcn, fo e roreuf pasroeopa ero
coecepuuk un ye repfe. Opuo euuue npucuunacu ee noppyra, c kofopo oua ue
eupenacu ceru nef. Cou oeuu oecnokoun ee: oua yeupena, fo noppyra neuf ua nony e
nye kpoeu. Rpocuyeuucu, euuua saecnokounacu u peuuna noseouufu noppyre. Korpa
fa ofeefuna, euuua ycnokounacu. Roppyra pacckasana, fo neana e onuuuue, uo
ceac ee eunucanu u epes ueckonuko pue k ue rouo ypef npufu. Korpa euuua
npuunna npurnaueuue, fo noppyra eppyr sauepeuuana u cfana eospaafu, ckasae, fo
nepeseouuf nose. -epes uekofopoe epern, fak u ue popaeuucu ofeefuoro seouka,
euuua noseouuna noppyre cara. Ofeefunu popcfeeuuuku noppyru u coou nu, fo fa
yrepna uecfu recnuee uasap.
Rocne feneqouoe npuuno epern feneeusopoe u rouufopoe kornukfepoe.
Hseecfuue e rupe cneuuanucfu e onacfu eupeo-aypuokoufakfa c rupor repfeux Maru u
Xynu Xapu-4uuax us Pkkcerypra e 1987 ropy npu norou cneuuanuuoro oopypoeauun
nonyunu ofefnueoe usopaeuue koufakfupykero c uuru yrepuero enoeeka ua
feneeusuouuor skpaue. A ee rop cnycfn Maru nonyuna yuukanuuue kornukfepuue
cuurku u crorna noppepafu ueponru koufakf epes kornukfep co ceour yrepuur
ppyror.

B Aurnuu e 19841986 ropax cynpyeckan napa cfana ueoupauuo nonyafu
snekfpouuue nucura of uekoero Toraca Xappeua, yeepneuero, fo ou nuuef ur us
1545 ropa. Onufuue nuureucfu nopfeeppunu, fo nsuk nucura nonuocfuk coofeefcfeyef
fo snoxe u eosrouocfu noppenku nonuocfuk ucknkeua. Rocne nonyeuun 250 nucer of
Toraca, fo e cereuo nape ueoupauuo npuuno nucuro us 2109 ropa. Sfo uno ee
onee ueouuo. H fa u ppyran ucfopuu kayfcn aconkfuo ueeeponfuuru. A eof fo
nucan arepukaucku eeuepenuuuk Weekly World News. Ha npofneuuu ceru recnuee 4un
Lpaeep, 56-nefuu cneuuanucf no snekfpouuke us Oknaxoru, ueopuokpafuo oancn c
poporuru ero ceppuy nokouuuaru: euo u poepuk. B xope kapo fako ecepu ou
eupen ux oeux ua skpaue ueefuoro feneeusopa u cnuuan ronoca yrepuux epes ero
puuaruk. Bce uaanocu c foro, fo e feeuue peyx nef Lpaeep esycneuuo uncn uap
cospauuer npuuuunuanuuo uoeo no ceoe upee u koucfpykuuu feneeusuouuo aufeuuu.
Rocne ponrux fpypoe e ukne 1990 ropa onufuan ropenu ee una uakoueu usrofoeneua. Ho
epea Lpaeep nopknkun aufeuuy k feneeusopy, kak ua ero skpaue noneunocu pasrufoe
usopaeuue peeyuku, kofopan fyf e saroeopuna. Hsopefafenu oneuun, nofory fo
ysuan e usopaeuuu ua skpaue cocfeeuuyk pou Kspuu, noruuyk e aefokafacfpoqe e
1986 ropy. Cnycfn napy pue, korpa Lpaeep euoeu onpooean aufeuuy, ua skpaue eosuukna
Anucun ero paeuo yrepuan eua. Oua foe saroeopuna c uur, u Lpaeep ysuan ee ronoc,
xofn u ue ror pasopafu cnoea: ux sarnyuanu norexu.

4un Lpaeep suan o for, fo ua skpaue feneeusopa nonenfcn nuua poepu u euu.
Bce ocfanuuue opasu ecenneuuxcn e feneeusopu yrepuux nkpe eosuukanu
coeepueuuo cnyauo. Kak npaeuno, npoucxopuno sfo cnepykur opasor. Bo epern
fenenepepau ua skpaue euesanuo eosuukanu norexu, kapfuuka nponapana. H eo eecu
skpau nonennnocu eppyr usopaeuue ryuuu unu euuuu. Hekofopoe epern ouo
pepanocu ua skpaue, nofor ucesano.

4
Cfankueanucu c rupor yrepuux, eosuukakur ua skpaue feneeusopa, u poccunue.
Sfo cnyunocu 6 qeepann 1990 ropa, pacckasueaef E. Hukuqopoea us
Hoeopoccucka. H crofpena no feneeusopy nporparry Bpern. Heoupauuo skpau
nokpuncn nonocaru, a nofor ua uer noneunocu ryckoe nuuo e purke. Ouo uno
uenopeuuur, fo-fo epope qoforpaquu. H ernnpenacu e uero u sakpuana of yaca. C
skpaua ua reun e ynop crofpen ro paf Muua, ckouaeuucn e 1985 ropy. Cnycfn ue
ckonuko cekyup no skpauy onnfu noeanu nonocu, a safer feneeusop euoeu cfan
nokasueafu nporparry Bpern.
Kasanocu u, npueepeuuue npurepu cnyaee sanucu ronocoe ua raruufoqou,
feneqouuue pasroeopu c yrepuuru, ux nuua, eosuukakue ua skpauax feneeusopoe,
opuosuauo ceupefenucfeykf o for, fo rup repfeux cyecfeyef u c norouk
fexuueckux cpepcfe rouo ycfauoeufu c uur koufakf. Ter onee fo uueuepu,
cneuuanucfu no raruufoqouar u papuonepepafukar, ycfpaueakue npoeepky sanuce
ronocoe, rapaufupoeanu, fo uukakue nocfopouuue papuoeonuu e cfypuk ue sanefanu.
Ho ue ece fak npocfo. Hekofopue uccnepoeafenu auoranuuux neneuu cufakf, fo
rouo pafu ppyroe oLncueuue ecer sfur qeuoreuar. Fonoca u usopaeuun ua
skpaue feneeusopa ue npuuapneaf rupy yrepuux. Ouu nennkfcn uuqoprauue,
saneafneuuo e rosry ueux nkpe. Ha nopcosuafenuuor ypoeue oua ncuxokuuefueckur
opasor nepepaefcn ua raruufoqouuyk nneuky, skpau feneeusopa unu rerpauy
feneqoua. To, fo sfa uuqoprauun pecfeufenuuo roef xpauufucn e rosry ueux,
nopfeeppaef qakf, o kofopor ye ynoruuanocu e cfafue: uukako sanucu ronocoe ue
npoucxopuf, ecnu annapafypa paofaef e nycfo koruafe. Pkpu ponuu npucyfcfeoeafu!
Rosfory ece npueepeuuue npurepu uapo paccrafpueafu ue kak okouafenuuyk foky e
peueuuu nponeru, kofopan ryuf enoeeecfeo c roreufa ero noneneuun ua nnauefe
3ernn cyecfeyef nu rup repfeux? a fonuko kak ee opuu uar k ue.

Muxaun Bypnemun

HPO, N 40 (511), 2007. C. 2021.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Banenmun Hcanomuxoe

PAHMOH ROX BLXOHT HA CBR3L

Paroup Pop, rnapuu oquuep Epufauckux eoopyeuuux cun eo 4pauuuu eo
epern Repeo rupoeo eouu, un yuf e ok 14 ceufnpn 1915 ropa eo 4nauppuu, ery
uen forpa 25- rop. Ho ceok useecfuocfu ou npuopen nocne crepfu naropapn ceour
penopfaar c fo cfopouu usuu. Ho npepe ueoxopuro pacckasafu o ero ofue,
useecfuor aurnuckor qusuke u papuofexuuke Onunepe Ropxe.

Te, kory suakora ucfopun papuocensu, npekpacuo suakf u sfo urn enoeeka,
ofuocnerocn k nnfepke nuouepoe papuofexuuku, erecfe c Fepuer, Hapkeeuer-Hopko,
Ronoeur u Mapkouu. 3a ceou uayuue pocfueuun ou un ypocfoeu puuapckoro seauun.
B uaane XX eeka, korpa papuocensu us onacfu uayuux uccnepoeauu una esnfa e
uapeuue pyku eoeuuux u roryecfeeuuux nporuuneuuux kopnopauu, Onueep Pop
ofouen of sfux uccnepoeauu u nepeknkuncn ua ee onee uufpurykue
napancuxonorueckue uccnepoeauun e parkax Epufauckoro oecfea ncuxueckux
uccnepoeauu (EORH). Opuur us ocuoeafene sforo oecfea un npoqeccop aufuuocfu
4pepepuk Maepc, ckouaeuucn e 1901 ropy. K uery ru ee eepuercn, a ceac
ynornuer nuuu fof eecura npureafenuuu qakf, fo ou u nocne ceoe crepfu perynnpuo
euxopun ua censu co ceouru ppysunru c norouk pasnuuux repuyroe.
Eonuue er sa recnu po ruenu Paroupa Popa, eo epern ceauca suareuuforo
arepukauckoro repuyra ruccuc Peuop Ranep e Fpuuqunpe, uno nonyeuo kopofkoe
nocnauue of Maepca Popy. Rpucyfcfeykue ua ceauce suanu u foro u ppyroro, u ouo
uno nepepauo Popy. Ha sfof pas epes repuyra roeopun ee opuu us pykoeopufene
EORH Puapp Xoprcou, yrepuu e 1905 ropy. Rocnyuafe, Pop, roeopunocu e
nocnauuu, xofn ru ue erecfe, kak ueano pauuue, uo sfo ue coecer fak: ru ece-faku
roer oafucn. Maepc roeopuf, fo ear eunana ponu nosfa, a ou ypef pecfeoeafu sa
4aeua. 3a 4aeua. Bepponn sfo noref.
He suak, kak Beponn, uo eu, ufafenu, uaeepunka uuero ue nounnu, kak u cara
repuyr, ureeuan koufakf c Xoprcouor. Ho sfo eecura npureafenuuu roreuf: oeuu
acfo, korpa koppecnoupeuf offypa nufaefcn cooufu o ypyux coufunx, ou no
ueuseecfuo uar npuuue euuypeu nonusoeafucn ssonoeur nsukor. Roxoe, fo sfu
cooeuun nop koufponer y farouuux onuuux uaanuuukoe (no eupaeuuk Bauru).
Bnpoer, u npoan uuqoprauun foe koufponupyefcn.

Pop npekpacuo ece nounn: Bepponn sfo epoea useecfuoro kerpupckoro
yeuoro, cneuuanucfa no aufuuo knaccuke, u cara cneuuanucf e sfo onacfu. Oua cpasy
e pacuuqpoeana sfo cfpauuoe cooeuue us nofycfopouuero rupa. B Opax purckoro
nosfa Fopauun ecfu snusop, e kofopor roeopufcn o for, kak nosf usean ruenu of
napakero pepeea ero npepynpepun 4aeu, xpauufenu nosfoe. Ro rueuuk Bepponn,
sfa refaqopa osuaaef, fo Popa eckope poneu nocfuruyfu ueku ypap, a Maepc
coupaefcn cpenafu ece, fo croef, ucnonunn ponu xpauufenn. Sfur ypapor u okasanacu
ruenu ero cuua.
B napancuxonorueckux uccnepoeauunx, npoeopurux cspor Onueepor Poper, ery
nororana ecn ero cerun. 25 ceufnpn, cnycfn opuuuapuafu pue nocne ruenu Paroupa,
ua ceauce repuyra ruccuc Peouapp npucyfcfeoeana uukoruufo eua Popa. Mepuyr ee ue
suana, uo c fo cfopouu ee uukoruufo uno packpufo, u repuyr ueoupauuo nonyuna
nocnauue of ee cuua: Ckau ofuy, fo n ecfpefun specu ueckonuko ero ppyse. Ha eonpoc
rafepu, ue roef nu ou uaseafu koro-uuypu, Paroup uasean Maepca repuyry sfa
qarunun uuero ue roeopuna.
2
-epes pea pun ua ceauc c sfur e repuyror uukoruufo npuuen ofeu. H nonyun of
cuua cnepykee nocnauue epes uekoero nofycfopouuero koufponepa, repuyra no
ureuu 4epa (ue npaepa nu, npureafenuuo e ceefe euueckasauuoro uanuue
koufponepa npu nepepae nocnauu offypa!). Ou roeopuf, fo ery far fpypuo, uo y uero
ruoro popux ppyse, kofopue ery nororakf... Ou suaef, fo specu ero oupaef onuuan
paofa, kak fonuko ou ypef rofoe k ue. Y uero xopouue yufenn u uacfaeuuku. Ou
nokasueaef rue ykey M u roeopuf, fo y uero fenepu pea ofua. euu unu pea uasap ou
noyecfeoean, fo ero cosuauue ye onuue ue nopaeneuo. Ho ery eckope ece pasLncuunu,
u ou nounn, rpe uaxopufcn. Kak eupur, koufponep cfapancn ue spn nocnauue
pacnnueafo u uekoukpefuo, kpore nounfuoro ofuy uareka ua Maepca.

Pasyreefcn, rafu ue una e cfopoue of eosrouocfu nooafucn c cuuor, a
nockonuky y ruccuc Peouapp ee uukoruufo uno packpufo, oua e sfof e peuu, onnfu
uukoruufo, npucyfcfeoeana ua ceauce ppyroro repuyra, rucfepa Rufepca. Ho u fyf ee
offypa onosuanu: Sfof peufnureu, sauuraeuucn nossue, n euy ykey M,
nororaef eauery cuuy oafucn c uaru. -epes pee uepenu ua ceauce c ruccuc Peouapp
car Maepc nopfeeppun suareuufoe nocnauue 4aeua (uanoruk, nonyeuuoe ppyrur
repuyror e CLA) u nooean norou Paroupy u ero cerue e sfo fpypuoe nepexopuoe
epern.
-epes pea pun ofeu nonyun, uakoueu, npnroe nocnauue of cuua: Papu ora, ofeu,
paspyuufe sfy nnofuuy, sfy cfeuy, kofopyk cfaenf repy uaru nkpu. Ecnu u fu ror
yeupefu, fo euy n specu, cofuu esyfeuuux ry uu u euuu. Ecnu u fu eupen fakux
e, kak n, penf specu, ua uaue cfopoue, ofropoeuuux of ecex ceoux nuskux,
ocfaeuuxcn ua serne, fu pocun u ece u uso ecex cun saunncn u fonuko sfur!
Bnpoer, nofycfopouuu kypafop Paroupa, 4epa, ua eonpocu popufene: Kak
ouo far? npepnoufaef ofeeafu sa ux cuua: nn uero cfeuu fenepu kayfcn
npospauuru, a onuue ecero npurupuno ero co speuue ocfauoeko fo, fo eeu
eurnnpnf specu fakuru feeppuru u uacfonuru. Repeu, kfo ecfpefun ero, un ero pep, a
safer u ocfanuuue, o kofopux ou npepe fonuko cnuuan. Ouu eurnnpnf kak ouuue nkpu
us nnofu u kpoeu, fak fo ou c fpypor ror noeepufu, fo nepeuen e ppyro rup. Bokpyr
ecfu pepeeun u ueefu, rpyuf feeppu. 3pecu peuu ue creunef uou, kak e seruor rupe.
Huorpa fonuko ferueef, korpa ou sforo noenaef. Korpa koufponep ponyckaef po censu
caroro Paroupa, forpa k uar npopueaefcn eecura nkonufuoe u npureafenuuoe
uankpeuue: Mue ece epern xoefcn nounfu, kak ece eokpyr reun ycfpoeuo, us ero
cocfouf. H ee sforo ue ysuan. Kakoe-fo epern n pyran, fo sfo rucnu kaporo us uac
cospakf u spauun, u pepeeun, u ueefu, u feeppyk noey nop uoraru, uo sa ecer sfur
kpoefcn fo-fo onuuee.

Eypu Paroup uauur coepereuuukor, ou uasean u okpyakee eupfyanuuur
rupor, opasoeauuur rucneqopraru farouuux oufafene, uo sfo un u cyu
kourap, nockonuky kapu feopun u ceo cocfeeuuu eupfyanuuu rup. 3uauf, far
ponua cyecfeoeafu kakan-fo uapcfpykfypa, kofopan npueopuna u sfof xaoc e nopnpok.
Pkonufeu u yknouueu ofeef Paroupa ua eonpoc: roef nu ou fenepu
npepeupefu ypyue coufun? Huo pas kaefcn, fo pa, uo npepckasueafu uenerko.
Koueuo e, popufenu eo epern ceaucoe sapanu ery u oeuu eonuoeaeuu ux
eonpoc xoef nu ou eepuyfucn e npeukk usuu7 H ceac xoy ruoroe ysuafu specu u
nounfu. Bar nokaefcn sfo sroucfuuur, ecnu n ckay, fo n ue xofen u eepuyfucn uasap.
H u uu sa fo ue paccfancn fenepu c roe uoeo usuuk.
Ho sfo ofeef nuuu Paroupa Popa. Ecfu ruoecfeo nofycfopouuux nuuocfe,
kofopue oeuu xofenu u eepuyfucn k npeue usuu u nonusykfcn nko eosrouocfuk
eueppufucn e ue nuo cosuauue, fou xofu kakoe-fo epern cuoea oyfufucn e seruo
usuu (n urek e eupy npepe ecero qeuoreu 3MR saoneeauun ruoecfeeuuuru
nepcouanunru).

Ofeu u rafu Paroupa npoeenu ruoecfeo ceaucoe c pasuuru repuyraru, nuuo
ue suaeuuru uu ux, uu ux cuua, u nonyunu nocnauun, us kofopux ypanocu cnoufu enonue
onpepeneuuyk kapfuuy o pefannx nofycfopouue usuu ux cuua. Rpaepa, korpa eonpocu
3
kacanucu ee ocuoeononarakux fau, ereuueancn koufponep, u uuqoprauun
okasueanacu eecura pacnnueafo u uekoukpefuo. Xofn pae epes koufponepa,
npockakueaef eecura uufpurykan uuqoprauun, nycfu uanpnryk u ue kacakancn uaue
feru. Paroup roeopuf, fo e ero nnockocfu ufun ye noprofoeneuu kuuru, kofopue
oupakf eosrouocfu ufu eueppeuuuru e cosuauue nopxopnux pnn sforo nucafene u
e kouue kouuoe ufu onynukoeauuuru e seruor rupe. Y ue nopouyk nu eosrouocfu
npepyrapan Benurup Xneuukoe, yfeeppan, fo reuuanuuue npouseepeuun npuuocuf
eefep oroe us Eypyero.H ee xapakfepuu npurep, fo Paroup, no eupurory, npae:
e 1797 ropy aurnucku nosf Carysnu Konpup npuunn e kaecfee ycnokoufenuuoro fakyk
posy ropqun, fo ery npucuuncn eecura npku cou, e kofopor ou ncuo yeupen u npoen
300 cfpok sareafenuuux cfuxoe, kofopue, npocuyeuucu, fyf e no narnfu uaan
sanucueafu. Ou ycnen uanucafu ecero 54 cfpoku, kak ero npepean nocefufenu. Bepuyeuucu
k sanucu ou c yacor ouapyun, fo onuue uuero ue noruuf. Ho u fo, fo ou ycnen sa
nucafu, cfano uepeepor cfuxofeopeuue Kyna Xau.
Bosrouo, fo k sfo kaferopuu ofuocnfcn u ece npouseepeuun, sanucauuue c
norouk aeforafueckoro nucura.

Copae ece nonyeuuue cooeuun of noruuero ua eoue cuua, qusuk c rupoeur
ureuer Onueep Pop uspan kuury Paroup. K coaneuuk, rue ue useecfuo, cyecfeyef
nu ee nepeeop ua pyccku nsuk, nosfory npuunocu eocnonusoeafucn ofpuekaru us uee,
npueepeuuuru e kuure Apfypa 4oppa Xusuu nocne crepfu, onynukoeauuo ero ppyror
eporor Snnucouor nocne crepfu 4oppa e 1971 ropy.
B saknkeuue ceoe kuuru csp Onueep Pop opaaefcn ko ecer, kfo nepeuec
yfpafy nuskux: Meun roryf cnpocufu, pekoreupyk nu n ecer, kfo nouec fnenyk yfpafy,
nocenfufu cfonuko e fpypa u epereuu, fou ycfauoeufu censu co ceouru yuepuuru
nuskuru u pokyreufupoeafu ece cooeuun? Coeepueuuo onpepeneuuo ue pekoreupyk.
H enoeek, usyaku sfy nponery, a uccnepoeafenu saacfyk poneu opaafucn k
fpypy cneuuqueckory u paofafu ua ocuoee pefanuuo paspaofauuux refopoe. H nuuu
coeefyk ecer nkpnr nounfu u ocosuafu, fo ux yfpaeuuue nuskue npoponakf ufu
akfueuo, nonesuo, uufepecuo u cacfnueo usuuk, fo ouu fenepu e uekofopor
crucne onee ueu, er npepe. Bcer nkpnr cnepyef npufu k peueuuk ufu
cocfeeuuo usuuk, npuuocn nonusy ua serne po fex nop, noka ouu ue eoccoepuunfcn c
poporuru ur nkpuru e ppyror rupe.

Baneumuu Hcanouukoe

HPO, N 37 (562), 2008. C. 1415.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Banenmun Hcanomuxoe

HRO H MHRHUHR
Xpouuka npoucuecfeu

Rpueepeuuue specu qakfu nuuu epuuuuu us fucn cnyaee,
saqukcupoeauuux e runuueckux panopfax u npofokonax ruuyeuero eeka.

1949 rop. Pacckas uaopa uunuuuu n o1c1anke A. Bypkona:
Smo npousouno ae-mo e cepeuue ceumnpn. Mouu yvacmkou in paou
nocenka Poecmeeuo, vmo e 70 kunouempax om Peuuuapaa, u nusneaue
uaceneuuie nyukmi. B mom eui n ecmpemun ceoeao qpoumoeoao pyaa, ieueao
nemvuka, kanumaua B.H. Cypukoea. Koaa ui c uuu eceoeanu, k uau noeanu eoe
sanixaeuuxcn napuuuek us epeeuu /auue u coounu, vmo eosne ux epeeuu ua
epeay peku Opee npuseununcn ueuseecmui nemameniui annapam cmpauuo
koucmpykuuu es onosuaeameniuix suakoe. Hs ueao eiunu ea venoeeka e kocmkuax,
noxoux ua eoonasuie, u onycmunu kako-mo unaua e peky.
P nonimancn censamicn c aopoou, uo censu ue ino. Toaa ui euecme c
cepaumou H.H. Hevunopeuko eiexanu ua uecmo npoucuecmeun ua eunnuce. C uauu
eiseancn cesumi u kanumau Cypukoe, komopi xopouo suan ece muni cauonemoe,
uauux u ueueukux. /o epeeuu ino eceao ueckoniko kunouempoe, uo opoaa nnoxan,
uecmauu cnnouuan aami, u ui npuinu ua uecmo nuui vepes eauami uuuym.
Henoaneky om epeeuu ecmpemunu ueckonikux ecmpeeoeuuix umene, komopie u
npoeounu uac ua uecmo npuseuneuun ueuseecmuoao annapama.
Mi c cepaumou, uueeuue npu cee nucmonemi, ocmopouo npunusunuci k
uusuue, ae ua epeay peku Opee nean annapam. Pke eosne ueao ue ino, om
annapama k eoe mnuyncn necmnu uemannuvecku unaua monuuo c pyky. Mi
uaxounuci npuuepuo e 50 uempax om ueao. Bueuue annapam uanouuuan nepeeepuymyk
ankuuuueeyk uucky makoao e ueema pasuepou c aemououni cmyeekkep. He
uankanoci uu exouoao omeepcmun, uu okou, ua okoeo noeepxuocmu ue ino uukakux
onosuaeameniuix suakoe Y annapama omcymcmeoeanu make kpinin u xeocmoeoe
onepeuue. Kanumau ckasan, vmo e uaue cmpaue makux cauonemoe uem, a eom ueuui eo
epeun eoui ucnimieanu uevmo noouoe.
B amom uoueum unaua cman ueneuuo emnaueamicn e annapam, u ouoepeueuuo
pasanoci muxoe ayeuue, cnoeuo eknkvunu kako-mo euaameni Mi c cepaumou
nounnuci c seunu u cenanu ea npeynpeumeniuix eicmpena e eosyx. Ouako
ayeuue moniko ycununoci, u cuusy annapama noneunoci kpacuoe ceemneecn koniuo,
nocne veao ou cman ueneuuo nouuuamicn e eosyx
Toaa ui cenanu ueckoniko eicmpenoe e cmopouy annapama, u uau nokasanoci,
vmo ou vymi nokavuyncn. 3ameu saaaovui oekm uauoeeuuo, es paseaa, ykeaniuo
nonpiauyn eeepx, saeuc ua eicome kpou epeeiee ua napy cekyu, a sameu c oniuo
ckopocmik ynemen e cmopouy Pyau.
Koaa ui cnycmunuci e uusuuy, ua uecme npuseuneuun annapama ouapyunu
oniuo kpya eunmo e seunk u nonuocmik eicyueuuo mpaei. 3eunn e amou uecme
ina novmu aopnve. Kakux-nuo vacme annapama unu pyaux nocmopouuux npeuemoe
ui ue ouapyunu. B mou uecme, ae unaua noapyancn e eoy, nnaeano ueckoniko
uepmeix pieuek, no-euuuouy, eoa ina ompaeneua, o veu ui u npeynpeunu
umene epeeuu.
Ho eosepaeuuu ui cocmaeunu nopoui panopm, komopi nonucanu ece
ceuemenu vpeseivauoao npoucuecmeun. B mom e eui n eiexan nn oknaa e
Peuuuapa. Ha cneyku eui ua ocneoeauue uecma nocaku ueuseecmuoao
2
annapama us Peuuuapaa npuina apynna eoeuuix.
Opafur euurauue ua nkonufuu qakf o arepukauckux fapenkax e 1949 ropy
ufenu CCCP cnuxor ue cnuxueanu. B ofpaeneuuu eopu ouu nopospeeanu ueruee, uo
ofukpu ue npuuenuuee us kocroca.

1963 rop. Cnupe1enuc1no K.. Konuueuko (42 ropa, oquuep sanaca MB):
Oceuik 1963 aoa n exana ua opmoeo uauuue c apynno umene
Opyuseuckoao necxosa, vmo e Kpacuoapueckou paoue Anman. B uee epya eosuuk
oaueuui uap uauempou okono ecnmu uempoe. Ou cman cnyckamicn, kak uau
nokasanoci, npnuo ua uauuuy. Mi ece e omvanuie sakpuvanu. Mauuua ocmauoeunaci, ece
cockovunu, npnmamicn e cmenu ino ueae, u ui e yace neanu no uauuuy. Koaa uap
onycmuncn npuuepuo o ypoeun eicokoao epeea, eueuue eao npekpamunoci,
uekomopoe epeun ou eucen uenoeuuo, a nomou cman yxoumi om uac. He cpasy eeici,
a napanneniuo nonk, sameu uapan eicomy u ckpincn e uee. Mi npenonounu, vmo
amo kak-mo censauo c kocuouaemuko.
Kak eupur, rupoeosspeuue ceupefene HPO pesko noreunnocu.

1989 rop. Coomeuue usnec1uoro uccnepona1enn HRO A. Kysonkuua:
B 20.30 uue noseouun koppecnoueum aasemi Tpy B. Moauna u cooun o
uankeuuu HPO ua Mockeo e epeuyukax. E.B. Paepoea c ynuui Apuuuoeuva
coouna o ceoux uankeuunx e 27-e omeneuue uunuuuu. Ho ee seouky eiexanu ea
compyuuka: kanumaui H.A. Hocoe u P.H. Capeuuoe. Ouu yeuenu amom oekm e
paoue Benneea. Ou eiannen kak ceemnucn uap, om komopoao eeepx u e cmopoui
omxounu kakue-mo opasoeauun, noxoue ua aumeuui. Munuuuouepi nimanuci
npunusumicn k ueuy, uo kai pas ou peskuuu ckavkauu yannncn. Tak npoonanoci
ua npomneuuu 15 kunouempoe. 3ameu oekm ceepuyn enpaeo om opoau, saeuc
uenoeuuo ua 15 uuuym, a sameu ueneuuo onycmuncn sa nec. B mom e eevep, nue k
uovu, ou euoei noneuncn e mou e paoue, saeucan ua ouauu.
Ha sfof pas noroun oounacu es cfpenuu, uo sfo ye uno epern nepecfpoku.

1991 rop. Coomeuue KasTAF -TACC:
B npuaopoe Anua-Ami npuseununcn HPO. Ha eao saxeam eiexanu ueckoniko
uapnoe uunuuuu.
Cooeuue, nocmynueuee c ueumpaniuoao nynima, eiseano y kouauupa eseoa
nampyniuo-nocmoeo cnyi A. Typaauoea euavane yniky: eypui npenoun
eiexami ua saxeam uuonnauemnu, npuseunueuuxcn ua nemake mapenke e paoue
aopi Kok-Tke. Koaa uunuuuouepi noexanu k ykasauuouy uecmy, mo yeuenu
ecnixueaku oaueuui oekm co uuoecmeou kpacuix nyve. /pyaue nampyniuie
uauuui ocmauoeunuci uempax e eyxcmax om eucneao oekma Heckonikuuu nyvauu
HPO ouapun uauuuy, nocne veao y uee saanox euaameni. Koaa uunuuuouepi eiunu
us uauuui u nonimanuci npunusumicn k HPO, ou npumyuun npoekmopa u ucves us
euy.
B POB/ nampyniuie eepuynuci naaononyvuo. Ouako eoccmauoeumi e naunmu
uuuyeuue coimun uu yanoci c mpyou. Munuuuouepi ymeepanu vmo koaa ouu
nonimanuci npunusumicn k HPO, mo ue uoanu ceuuymicn c uecma.
Pauonepeaoeopi nampyniuix sanucaui ua uaauumoqou, ecmi panopmi
oveeuuee. Toniko ece paeuo uencuo, vmo e ece-maku npousouno.
Takue cooeuun roryf u y uauero ufafenn euseafu ynuky.

Ho eof com1un 21 uap1a 1991 ropa n Xaaponcke uuenu c1onuko cnupe1ene u
paxe qo1o- u nupeopokyueu1on, fo ofraxuyfucn of uux uno npocfo ueeosrouo. H
forpa useecfuu ypanucku kpuruuanucf, pokfop kpupueckux uayk E. Heuko, npoeen no
ropnur cnepar cocfeeuuoe paccnepoeauue.
21 uapma e 20.30 e eypuyk vacmi YB/ nocmynuno cooeuue: oniuie u
nepcouan aopocko oniuuui N 10 ye nonvaca uankakm nemakyk mapenky c
eyun npoekmopauu, saeucuyk ua necuiu uaccueou. Smo cooeuue ino nepeauo
eceu nampyniuiu uauuuau, a e 22.25 uauuui HA-224, 521, 607, 91 u compyuuk FAH
3
Hinuoe euenu, kak om nocenka Yccypucku euus no Auypy nemenu cuavana ea HPO,
ouu us komopix eckope ucves, a emopo e 22.45 e paoue enesuoopouoao uocma
yuen e cmopouy neeoao epeaa Auypa.
Becura xapakfepeu e ceefe euueckasauuoro anusop, onucauum unapmuu
cepxau1ou Kpacuoqno1ckoro POB Anekcauppou Kanyuou:
B ecnmou vacy eevepa paucmka aopockoao YB/ npuunna eisoe u eenena exami
k ecnmo aoponiuuue, ae uenepcouan u oniuie uankanu nemakyk mapenky. P
cnpocun: Hoveuy uueuuo uac uanpaennkm, a ue noapuix unu cnyy aasa? Hpu veu
seci uunuuun? Oua e omeem: He suak. A kmo ee oneu y uac mapenkauu
sauuuamicn?
Skunau nafpynuuux rauuu N 608,222, 323 saperucfpupoeanu e fof eeep
ueonosuauuue oLekfu e pasnuuux fokax Xaapoecka, a skunay RA-57 ypanocu pae
sacunfu ux ua eupeonneuky. BupeocLerky npouseopun onepafop npecc-ueufpa YB
Bnapurup Mepkypuee (Mouo npepcfaeufu pasrax -R, euseauuux HPO e fof peuu e
Xaapoecke, ecnu e onepauuu uno sapecfeoeauo eoceru nafpynuuux rauuu! B. R.)
Ro pauuu nafpynuuue skunau coounu, fo eupnf nefnu oLekf, c kofoporo
ceefnf pea npoekfopa cnepepu u csapu. OLekf ureef qopry curapu. Bponu ero
kopnyca ceefnfcn ee 68 orue.
Pacckasmnae1 onepynonuououeuum B Kysueuon.
Hoka ui ocyanu npoucueuee, e 22.25 noseouuna euuua, ueyan e
paoue nnoau Cnaei, u coouna, vmo ua nocenkou Yccypucku saeucnu ea
nemakux oekma. Mi no pauuu nepeanu amo cooeuue nampynk, eypueueuy ua
nnoau, nennkecn ouo us cauix eicokux movek aopoa. Hampyniuie
nomeepunu, vmo eunm ea oekma, ua kaiu us komopix uepuakm no mpu
oaouika. Oekmi ueneuuo euymcn eoni Auypcko npomoku. Homou ouu nouen e
cmopouy Bupouaua, a emopo nonemen ua ocuoeuiu pycnou e uanpaeneuuu
Auypckoao ymeca. Om ueao omenunuci kakue-mo oaouiku u nounu e cmopouy ukoni N
19 (kak nose eincuunoci, c HPO in eicaeu e aopoe ecaum).
P peuun nocuompemi cau. Buecme c nououukou eypuoao no YB/ Bumanueu
Hinuoeiu ui noexanu k ymecy. Hoesan k eepuuue, n sauemun aemououni
uunuueckoao amanioua, us komopoao eickovunu ea compyuuka u noeanu k opiey.
Ha paccmonuuu 800 uempoe, annn c opiea no yanou 40-45, n yeuen oekm. B
nuuy ou cocmaennn 120160 uempoe, a e cauou moncmou uecme npuuepuo c
eyxamaui ou. Tovuee onpeenumi eao pasuepi ue npecmaennnoci eosuouiu,
nockoniky cmeuueno u ue ino uukakux opueumupoe. Ha uocy u ua kopue HPO omvemnueo
npocuampueanuci oaouiku: kopuoeo pyuuoeoao ueema, a uocoeo npko-usyupyui.
Ouu aeanu ouoepeueuuie ecniuku c vacmomo okono cekyui. Bin ee ouu oaouek,
pacnonoeuui ceepxy kopnyca nue k kopue. Koaa kypcoeie oauu uanonoeuuy
samyxanu, c onosauueu ua noncekyui ecnixuean amom ceemoeo uank. Ho aopen ou ue
mak, kak me ea: om ueao pacxouncn ceemoeo, cnoeuo i ueouoei uap.
acmi noeepxuocmu oekma ina aconkmuo vepuo u kako-mo esouuo
anyoko. A eom ueumpaniuan nonocka e eue pacmnuymoao annunca uuena aonyoeamo-
cuuu ueem. Bce sauepnu. H mym ui ycniuanu kak i esoxu mnenie, uyue
kakuuu-mo uakamauu, kak npuo. 3eyku oveui cmpauuie, noxoue ua me, komopie
usakm kumi, koaa eiuipueakm ua noeepxuocmi. Hocoean vacmi oekma e pumue
amux esoxoe ueuuoao koneanaci: eeepx-euus, eeepx-euus.
Koaa oekm uavan paseopavueamicn e cmopouy neeoao epeaa Auypa, eepxuu
seneui oaouek noaac, nomou nomyx u uocoeo, ocmancn ouu kpacui kopuoeo uank,
uenpepieuo ecnixueaku. HPO ueneuuo nonemen e cmopouy uavm pauoueumpa u
anee eoni Auypa k enesuoopououy uocmy. Mi c Bumanueu eepuynuci e uauuuy u
noexanu e YB/.
Okono 23 vacoe uau noseouun eypui HBO okpyaa u cnpocun, kmo us
compyuukoe uunuuuu vmo euen. P euy ece opucoean u nouumepecoeancn, vmo amo
makoe ino. Bei ui uankanu neuo uamepuaniui oekm, komopi uouo ino
nompoaami, yi ou nonue. Ckopocmi eao cocmaennna eceao 2030 kunouempoe e vac,
u ui ece eao xopouo pasannenu. /eypui HBO okpyaa omeemun, vmo uu ouu us
cyecmeykux e uupe euaamene makyk uaxuuy es ukoao peea e eosyxe ue yepan
4
i. Ouu nounnu e eosyx eepmonemi, komopie, ouako, ue cuoanu k ueuy
npunusumicn.
Hau coounu, vmo e Huycmpuaniuou paoue, koaa ua uuu nponemen HPO, ua
pne oekmoe cpaomana oxpauuan cuauanusauun. A ua ouou us npenpunmu censu
eiuna us cmpon ecn anekmpouuan annapamypa. Aaponopm Xaapoecka an
npeynpeeuue cauonemau, vmo e eosyxe uaxoumcn ueonosuauui nemaku
oekm. Benu nepeaoeopi uunuuun u HBO, ece oueuueanuci uuqopuauue o noeeeuuu
oekmoe. Bce euuuauue cocpeomovunoci ua HPO, xopouo ee vmo uukakux yaonoeuix
npoucuecmeu ue ino.

A fenepu eepuercn k snusopy, korpa npurepuo e nonoeuue opuuuapuaforo of opuoro
us oLekfoe ofpenunucu orouuku u nonefenu e cfopouy ropopa. Hreuuo e sfo epern
nmnyckuuk Xaaponcko nmcme mkonm uunuuuu A. Ramaen nporynueancn no
uaepeuo e paoue Arypckoro yfeca. Bppyr ou yeupen uefo, nefeeuee c nerkur
ceucfor. Ha ypoeue yfeca sfo uefo ocfauoeunocu, okasaeuucu uapoopasuur
oLekfor, noxour ua kpynuyk ropckyk epenaxy. B uer saropencn npku ceef u cfan
eupeu onuuo cfeknnuuu kopupop, e kofopor noneunacu oeuu pocnan euuua. B pykax
oua pepana kako-fo npepref, uanoruuaeuu nopfafueuyk pauuk.
Ho, kak ru noruur, orouukoe uno ueckonuko. H, kak okasanocu nose, e sfy uou
pecaufuuku c oLekfa oprauusoeanu uacfonyk oxofy ua euuu e eospacfe of 20 po 40
nef. Rocpepu uou uenpoueuue eusufepu npouukanu k uur npnro epes sakpufue okua.
ee euuuu ycnenu euckoufu us keapfup u ofcupefucn po yfpa y cocepe, a opua fak u
npoeena uou ua nukax e kopupope cereuoro oeufun. H nuuu opuo Fanuue K. ue
ypanocu uu ynusuyfu, uu noseafu ua norou. Ho sfo ye ppyran ucfopun.

Banenmun Hcanomuxoe

HPO, N 9 (225), 2002. C. 45.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Buxmop Bymaaun

COBETCKAR APMHR RPOTHB HRO

O nefakux fapenkax, pasueuuxcn ua feppufopuu CLA, arepukauckor
Aurape-18 u nuxux saxeafax peupeparu saseeaeuuxcn nunofoe HPO useecfuo
poeonuuo uupoko. Rpu sfor paeuo ye rouo uno npepnonarafu, fo uefo nopouoe
cnyanocu u e CCCP, uo uupoko useecfuux ceepeuu o sfor ue uno. C uekofopux nop,
opuako, koe-fo cfano eosrouur euypufu us Hufepuefa. Kak euncuunocu,
ofeecfeeuuue yqonoruu ponroe epern coupanu qakfu o nopouux uuuupeufax e
Coeefckor Cokse u fenepu nonyunu eosrouocfu ouapopoeafu uenu pnp eecura
nkonufuux ucfopu.
Okasueaefcn, nepeu cnya kpynuoro kpyueuu HPO e Coeefckor Cokse
npousouen e ukue 1941 ropa, nepep carur uaanor eouu. OLekf, kofopu
nepeouaanuuo un npuunf sa uereuku caronef-paseepuk nuo aspocfaf, ynan forpa ua
ocfpoe 3eneuu, fo ua ouy k kry of Pocfoea. Ocfpoe sakpunu u ouenunu eocka HKB.
Canepu uaeenu noufouuu rocf, no kofopory rpysoeuku c uoreparu HKB no uoar
eueosunu sarapouue onorku. Ye e 80-x ropax ua ocfpoee unu ouapyeuu epepuue
pnn spopoeun pepkue auoranuuue xurueckue snereufu. Onorku e HPO unu
eueeseuu e Pocfoe, a safer ua nonurou Kanycfuu Hp e Capafoecko onacfu. B ropu
eouu ouu fo nu safepnnucu, fo nu unu yfpaeuu.

B 1954 ropy e paoue nonurouoe Kpacuu Kyf u Kanycfuu Hp unu ofreeuu cnyau
nponefa cpasy ueckonukux nefakux fapenok. Rocnauuue ua ux nepexeaf ucfpeufenu
ucesnu. Fopor nose e Coeefckor Cokse una cqoprupoeaua ceepxcekpefuan rpynna no
uccnepoeauunr HPO. Mecfor ee asupoeauun cfan ece fof e nonurou Kanycfuu Hp, un
feppufopun, kak useecfuo, coofeefcfeyef peyr rocypapcfear Pkkcerypr. B rouor
nopseruor yukepe nus cneuuanusupoeauuoro nocenka Eepesoeka ua nnoapnx nonuroua
Kpacuu Kyf forpa e pasrecfunu Apxue Muuucfepcfea Oopouu CCCP no HPO

B1959 ropy e cfpauax Oprauusauuu eapuaeckoro poroeopa npousouno cpasy pea
kpynuux uuuupeufa c yacfuer nefakux fapenok. 21 nueapn npko ceefneecn
nonycqepueckoe feno ranux pasrepoe ynano e akeafopuu nonuckoro nopfa Fpuun.
Cnycfn pea pun norpauuuuku uaunu nonsyee no nnny uonorueckoe cyecfeo e
oneraker refannusupoeauuor kocfkre. Ero pocfaeunu e rocnufanu Fpauucka. Tar
cyecfeo yrepno nocne foro, kak c ero pyku cunnu ueku pacnef, a koruuesou cfanu
pesafu uouuuaru no refanny. Ayfoncun euneuna uuyk cfpykfypy euyfpeuuux oprauoe,
ueenu y enoeeka, u cnupanuuyk cucfery kpoeoopaeuun. Rpu pocfe okono nonyfopa
refpoe ryrauoup uren uecfunanue koueuocfu. Ero feno e roposunuuo karepe
pocfaeunu e Mockey. B uacfonee epern ouo xpauufcn e nopseruor yukepe-naopafopuu
Hucfufyfa repuko-uonorueckux nponer (HMER) Poccucko 4epepauuu.
B ceufnpe foro e ropa e eocfouo acfu Akfkuucko onacfu Kasaxcko CCP c
eoeuuoro caronefa un ouapyeu nofepneeuu kafacfpoqy puckoeupuu HPO us
cepepucforo refanna. Hs Mockeu e Akfkuuck ua caronefe Hn-14 onepafueuo npunefena
eoeuuan cneurpynna, kofopyk ua eepfonefe Mu-4 pocfaeunu k recfy uuuupeufa. Ouu
uaunu cunuuo noepepeuuu espueor u noapor qparreuf pucka, kofopu
nepeouaanuuo uren puarefp nopnpka 12 refpoe. Cpepu onorkoe uno ouapyeuo feno
opuoro kapnukoeoro ryrauoupa pocfor okono 80 caufurefpoe. Ero eueesnu ua ayfoncuk e
Mockey, a car puck e uouoe epern ua eueuue nopeecke eepfonefa nepenpaeunu ua
nonurou Kanycfuu Hp. Tar HPO paspesanu ua qparreufu, kofopue usyanucu e pasuux
HHH Mockeu, Peuuurpapa, Kueea u Hoeocuupcka -acfu qparreufoe ye e 70-e ropu
2
nkou npopanu apaar e Cupuk u Erunef. A e ceufnpe 1960 ropa puck un ocrofpeu
H.C. Xpyeeur, P.H. Epeueeur u ppyruru eucokonocfaeneuuuru foeapuaru.

Becura ypoauur ua kpyueuue nefakux fapenok okasancn koueu 70-x ropoe.
Ocoeuuo 1978-. Torpa e qeepane ufenu nkyfckoro ropopka Xuraucka uankpanu
napeuue HPO. Y uux cospanocu eneafneuue, fo ero cuna ppyran nefakan fapenka.
Ye nefor puck puarefpor 6,2 refpa, ureku eucoku kynon, un ouapyeu e fare, e
eeuo repsnofe. Ero eueesnu e Torck-7, rpe u cnpnfanu e nopseruor yukepe-
naopafopuu. nn seakyauuu npuenekancn nuuu cocfae cneunoppaspeneuu us Mockeu u
Hkyfcka, pea eepfonefa Mu-8 u opuu Mu-6.

B Torcke-7 uuonnauefuu puckonef nuuo ocrafpuean npesupeuf AH CCCP
A.R. Anekcauppoe u ppyrue yeuue. uck uren sepkanuuo ofpaakyk noeepxuocfu, a
euyfpu cocfonn us fpex ypoeue. Ha uuuer ypoeue e kpecnax uaunu fena peyx
ryrauoupoe u ofnpaeunu ua ayfoncuk e Mockey. Cyecfea urenu uecfunanue koueuocfu
u pocf nopnpka nonyfopa refpoe, onuuue eseonocue ronoeu u orporuue epuue rnasa.
Opefu ouu unu e onerakue koruuesouu. Ro nepurefpy ecero uuuero ofceka
pacnonarancn nynuf c ceucopuuru kuonkaru erecfo npueuuux kuonok.
Fopor nose puckonef nepeeesnu e ropop Rpofeuuo Mockoecko onacfu, rpe
pasrecfunu e aurape ua onufuo-skcnepureufanuuo ase Hucfufyfa qusuku eucokux
suepru. B kouue 80-x nefafenuuu annapaf ypanocu acfuuo eoccfauoeufu. Euna pae
npepnpuunfa nonufka nopunfucn ua uer e eospyx. Annapafy ypanocu nuuu nopnefefu ua
eucofy 5 refpoe, npu sfor ero npupepueanu ua refannueckux fpocax. B uacfonee
epern puck oopypoeau u popaofau pnn panuueuux nefuux ucnufauu, uo us-sa
poporoeusuu sanpaeku pucka fpaucypauoeur fonnueuur snereufor paofu e Rpofeuuo
npuocfauoeneuu.

12 ukun 1978 ropa e rnyxor ropuor paoue faru e Arypcko onacfu un uapeu
puckoopasuu oLekf, no qopre uanoruuaku rpu. uarefp sforo annapafa
cocfaennn 5,56, eucofa 3 refpa, racca 720 kunorparroe. -ypo uuonnauefuo fexuuku
eueesnu e Tuupy, a offypa e Hoeocuupck, rpe u cnpnfanu e paoue Akaperropopka. B
rpue ouapyunu feno opuoro kapnukoeoro ryrauoupa. Okasanocu, fo ou ee
coxpaunef npusuaku usuu. B Hoeocuupcke uaxopneecn e kore cyecfeo norecfunu e
apokarepy c yrnekucnur rasor (uuonnauefnue noery-fo puuaf ureuuo ur) u
annapafypo usueoecneeuun. Ha ucxope efopo uepenu npuueneu yrep. Euno
ycfauoeneuo, fo e HPO unu recfa ua ee peyx neuoe skunaa, uo ouu, eupuro,
kafanynufupoeanucu. Bosuuknu nopospeuun, fo sfof oLekf foe un cuf ppyro
nefake fapenko.
B kouue foro e ropa ua Focypapcfeeuuor ueufpanuuor uccnepoeafenuckor
ucnufafenuuor nonuroue Capu-Larau (Kasaxckan CCP) npousouen oepepuo uuuupeuf.
Hap nonurouor ua eucofe 30 kunorefpoe saeuc HPO. Ro koraupe useecfuoro koucfpykfopa
pakef R.. Fpyuuua 3PK C-75 eunycfun no oLekfy seuufuyk pakefy u pouncn nonapauun.
OLekf pasnefencn ua renkue acfu, kofopue paccennucu no feppufopuu nonuroua, rpe u
es foro eannnocu ruoecfeo onorkoe pakef u nefakux ruueue. Puuu cocfae
uepenk npoecuean feppufopuk, uo ypanocu uafu nuuu renkue qparreufu,
norecfueuuecn e ueonuuo nuk.

B 1979 ropy npousouen u eoece yuukanuuu cnya. Ha ureker pypuyk
penyfauuk ocfpoee Eapcakenurec e Apanuckor rope npousouno cfonkuoeeuue ouoe
cneunoppaspeneuun KFE, e cocfaee kofoporo uno pecnfu conpaf u fpu oquuepa, c
cyecfearu ryrauoupuoro funa. B nepecfpenke ueckonuko npuuenuuee uno yufo.
Bosrouo, ureuuo nop eneafneuuer sforo ycnexa ropor nose e ocfauoeke cfporo
cekpefuocfu npu MO CCCP una cospaua cneuuanuuan koraupa ucfporo pearupoeauun
pnn euespa ua recfa nocapok u napeuu HPO u saxeafa u eueosa uuonnauefnu u ux
nefake fexuuku. Oprauusauuouuo oua una nopoua arepukauckur Anuqe u
Fonyur koraupar u ocuaeua caro pasuo annapafypo, cneuuanuuur saufuur
cuapneuuer u caronefor-naopafopue Ty-134. Ro uekofopur ceepeuunr sfa eoeuuan
3
cfpykfypa cyecfeyef u no ce peuu u pasreeua ua ase e/ 67947 e Mufuax.

B 1980 ropy uap Ceeppnoecko onacfuk e uouor uee pasurpanocu uenoe
cpaeuue c yacfuer ucfpeufene RBO u nefakux fapenok. B uou c 14 ua 15 anpenn
uap Bepxofypckur paouor onacfu papuofexuueckuru cpepcfearu RBO unu
ouapyeuu fpu unu efupe HPO. Rocne ponrux koneauu c aspoppora Eonuuoe Caeuuo
(Repru) nopunnu napy ucfpeufene-nepexeafukoe Mur-25 RC, a fake napy MuF-23R c
Huuero Taruna. 3afer ua ycuneuue eucnanu ee pee napu c ooux aspopporoe. Fouku sa
HPO c ucnonusoeauuer qopcaa pnunucu 45 ruuyf. ea ucfpeufenn, uspacxopoeae
fonnueo, euuypeuu unu eepuyfucn. Opua us nefakux fapenok nouna e nooeyk
afaky ua MuF-25, uo fof eunycfun no ue ueckonuko pakef u nopasun uenu. Yfpor k recfy
napeuun HPO eepfonefor una pocfaeneua cneurpynna e cocfaee 12 enoeek, ece e
saufuux ofpaakux ckaqauppax c kucnopopuuru annouaru.
Kopanu npuuenuuee npepcfaennn coo rporapuu puckoup c fpeuuo
nocepepuue, puarefpor okono 26 refpoe u eucofo onee 5. Eunu ouapyeuu
qparreufu ycfpocfe fnenue cfeknonopouue ockonku, euyfpeuunn noeepxuocfu
kofopux urena rukposepuucfyk cfpykfypy. Hankpanocu fake nopoue opuareufa u
uapnucu ua ockonkax. Buyfpu unu ouapyeuu fena peyx kapnukoeux uonorueckux
cyecfe, kofopue ofnpaeunu e HMER Car puck nepeouaanuuo eueesnu e okpecfuocfu
Ceeppnoecka, a safer e noprockoeuoe Rpofeuuo.

B 1985 ropy coeefckur ucfpeufennr RBO euoeu ypanocu cufu HPO. Ha ce pas
uap Kaekasor. 11 uknn ua paccfonuuu 90 kunorefpoe of asponopfa Muuepanuuue Bopu
papuonokafop ouapyun ua eucofe 89 kunorefpoe ceru auoranuuux ofrefok. Ha curuan
cucferu rocypapcfeeuuoro onosuaeauun oLekfu ue ofeeanu. Okono 14.00 ua nepexeaf
pnn yuufoeuun uene c aspoppora Pocfoe-Kuu un nopunf ucfpeufenu-
nepexeafuk MuF-25RC. Take e eospyx nopunnucu ucfpeufenu c aspoppora yunua
RBO e Apraeupe u ee opuu MuF-25 c aspoppora nopckoka e paoue Muuepanuuux Bop.
Rpu nonufke nepexeafa HPO nouen no e no ua opuu us MuFoe. -fou useafu
cfonkuoeeuun, peapuafu nnfu eunycfun no uenu pee pakefu P-40 P, opua us kofopux
nonana e puckoup. Caronefu nonyunu npukas kpyufu uap recfor napeuun HPO po
npuufun nouckoeukoe.
Pefakan fapenka una uapeua peyrn rpuuukaru e paoue xpefa Apuk ua
feppufopuu Kaappuuo-Eankapuu. Oa ouu nose yrepnu of papuoakfueuoro onyeuun.
Huonnauefuu annapaf npepcfaennn coo cepepucfu puck puarefpor 5,8 refpa u
eucofo 4,8, c epuur kynonor, kofopu ofnefen npu ypape o sernk. Bec puckonefa
cocfaennn 1750 kunorparroe, us kofopux 350 npuxopunocu ua peurafenu. Buyfpu unu
ouapyeuu fena fpex uonorueckux cyecfe, opuo us kofopux ee nopaeano npusuaku
usuu, uo eckope yrepno. ea ryrauoupa, cupeeuux ua nepepuux recfax, unu
efupexnanuru kapnukaru; fpefu, cupeeuu csapu, pocfor okono peyx refpoe, c
nnfunanuru koueuocfnru. Bce ouu unu nucuru. uck nepeeesnu ua nonurou Kanycfuu
Hp, a fena fpex cyecfe e Mockey, e Hucfufyf repuko-uonorueckux nponer. Ouu po
cux nop xpaunfcn far e nopseruor yukepe e cneuuanuuor koucepeupyker cocfaee.

Sfof puckonef, nopouo urauoeckory, ypanocu eoccfauoeufu. Rpu peroufe uno
npureueuo onuuoe konuecfeo seruux u rupupuux fexuonoru. Repeu nonef, a eepuee
nopckok ua eucofy 10 refpoe, eoccfauoeneuuu puck eunonuun e 1990 ropy. C 1996 ropa
nefakan fapenka cufaefcn nonuocfuk eoccfauoeneuuo. Ha ue nopuuranucu ua
eucofy po 1520 kunorefpoe u paseueanu ckopocfu M = 2,5. Rpaepa, npoponufenuuocfu
ero nonefa ue roef npeeuuafu 1015 ruuyf e papuyce 1015 kunorefpoe. B for e
1996 ropy ceepxcekpefuu yukep e Kanycfuuor Hpe, rpe ypfo u pasreeuu sfof u ee
opuu uuonnauefuu puckonef, nkou nocefunu npesupeuf P4 E.H. Enuuuu, sarecfufenu
ruuucfpa oopouu A.A. Kokouuu u rnaekor BBC R.C. euekuu.

B 1989 ropy nefakue fapenku euoeu espyranu eoeeafu repy coo. B
ceufnpe e 100 kunorefpax k ceeepy of Repru recfuue ufenu eupenu, kak uecfu
nefakux fapenok afakoeanu opuy. Bo epern eospyuuoro on e nocenke 3aocfpoeka
4
euknkunocu snekfpuecfeo. B koueuor ufore ucneuuoe npeeocxopcfeo curpano ceok
ponu, u cufu HPO ynan e onofuyk fonu. Boeuuux o uuuupeufe npouuqoprupoeanu
cpasy, uo nopofu k recfy napeuun ur ypanocu nuuu e uonpe, korpa fonu sarepsna. Rpu
ocrofpe pucka efeepo eoeuuocnyaux onyunucu u nonanu e rocnufanu. Rocne sforo
eokpyr recfa napeuun eeenu sanpefuyk souy u ouecnu ee peyrn pnparu konke
npoeonoku. Huonnauefnue nopcyefunucu u caru seakyupoeanu ceo puck. B ueuseecfuor
pnn sernnu uanpaeneuuu. A e okfnpe uap Kpacuopapckur kpaer opua fapenka
nopceefuna ppyryk kakur-fo nyor, nocne ero fa esopeanacu u pasnefenacu ua onorku.
Heku ceupefenu nopopan pea opasua, kofopue nonanu e Hucfufyf npepuux
uccnepoeauu e Mockee. B onorkax npucyfcfeoeano ue reuee pecnfka xurueckux
snereufoe, npuer ux npoueufuoe copepauue eo epern auanusa reunnocu, fo ecfu e
opasuax una fpaucryfauun.

Huonnauefuue fexuonoruu e oepepuo pas nokasanu ceoe npeeocxopcfeo uap
seruuru. Ho ecerpa nu ouo cfonu eenuko? Hekofopue yqonoruu cufakf, fo e 1980 ropy
uap Ceeppnoecko onacfuk u e 1985 ropy uap Kaekasor HPO unu cufu ue MuFaru, a
ppyruru nefakuru fapenkaru, npocfo no epereuu ece fak coenano. Ye car apryreuf
o cfpauuor coenapeuuu eurnnpuf eecura coruufenuuur. -fo e kacaefcn ueynseurux
saufuux none, kofopue, no rueuuk yqonoroe u qaufacfoe, ucnonusykf kopanu
npuuenuuee, fo cfonu nu ouu ueynseuru? 3pecu cfouf opafufu euurauue ua
npureueuuyk nepexeafukaru pakefy P-40. Cara oua eecuf ceuue nonyfouuu, a racca
oeeo acfu cocfaennef 100 kunorparroe, onuuan acfu us kofopux npuxopufcn ua
espueafky. Bce penanocu c pacefor ua fo, fou nopaafu opuo pakefo arepukaucku
cfpaferuecku orappupoeuk B-52. Bspue, pa u caro conpukocuoeeuue co cfonu
fnenur u ckopocfuur oLekfor enonue rornu npueecfu k ruenu kaekasckoro HPO
pae es npoufun saufuoro nonn. Cofpnceuue npu sfor uno cfonu rouur, fo pea
uuonnauefnuuua norunu cpasy, a fpefu uaponro nuuuncn yecfe. Cepun e
nocnepoeafenuuux espueoe of pakef cuaana rorna eueecfu us cfpon skpauupykyk
annapafypy onee raccueuoro ceeppnoeckoro pucka, a ye nocne ofkasa saufuoro nonn
npnroe nonapauue pakefu ocfaeuno ua kopnyce fapenku onuuyk fpeuuy. Cfouf nu y
roeopufu o for, fo npuuuuo-cnepcfeeuuan censu sanyck pakefu ruenu HPO e ooux
cnyanx npocneueaefcn eecura efko...

Buxmop Bymaaun

HPO, N 3 (514), 2007. C. 45.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Anexcanp Bonoee

CRYXHRH BA PAKETHHKA

Ecfu ua Tarauckor nonyocfpoee cfauuua Fnapkoeckan, rpe ueyf popopyuuue,
paofnue nkpu, coeepueuuo ue cknouuue k qaufasupoeauuk, uo, y ecnu fo us pyk eou
euxopnee cnyaefcn, rofoeue ucfoceppeuo pacckasafu o eupeuuor.
Bof sfa, n u ckasan npupopuan, reuefueckan ecfuocfu recfuux nororna rue
nefor 1989 ropa xofu u paneko ue ece, uo koe-fo nounfu e ueeeponfuux coufunx,
yacfuukor kofopux n cfan, ecnoruuaef nonkoeuuk e ofcfaeke, ponrue ropu
npocnyueuu e pakefuux eockax, Hnun Equroeu Pepoe.

A uaanocu ece c foro, fo ou erecfe c raopor Bacunuer Bacunueeuer
Eaknauoeur exan ua opuy us foek cneeuun sa nyckaru pakef. Euno pyuuoe yfpo,
uaeeeakee ppery. -fou oforuafu uasonueyk counueocfu, nonkoeuuk eknkun
nopfafueuu feneeusop, ycfauoeneuuu nop npuopuo pocko aeforounn. Ho, erecfo
oupaero nepeo ececoksuo nporparru, nocnepoeanu qopreuuue ypeca. -epuo-
enu rouufop TB-npueruuka osapuncn uacueuuur usyrpypuur ueefor, a us puuaruka
nocnuuancn noxou ua acfyk apaauuyk ppou seyk. Eaknauoe, oeeupuo, nopyrae,
fo feneeusop ueucnpaeeu, eupepuyn cefeeo pasLer us akkyrynnfopuoro. He nororno!
Skpau ece fak e ceefuncn, fonuko puuaruk nepeuen ua ppyrue seyku, eucokoro,
onesueuuoro pnn cnyxa foua. anuue onuue. Ha seneuor qoue ecnuxuynu pee
cepepucfue, fou-e-fou kak qyfnnpu of raeauckux curap, upuue ofrefuuu, uaaeuue
uefoponnueoe epaeuue cuaana no acoeo cfpenke, safer npofue. Sfo npoponanocu
ruuyf pecnfu, po nonuo ocfauoeku aeforounn, korpa feneeusop eupan oepepuo
ckpnpus: ofrefuuu ua skpaue npekpafunu epaeuue, u ux rouo uno pasrnnpefu e
pefannx.
He ofnuuuu of uauux kpunafux pakef, pae cfaunusafopu ecfu, nopan ronoc
Eaknauoe. Ho feneeusop oecfoeu, ue opaafueaef curuan, ru ue ponuu ecero sforo
eupefu...
A fu, raop, ue noneuucu, esrnnuu uaneeo, fypa, rpe conka, ypuennncu
cocfeeuuory cnokocfeuk, ckasan Pepoe, ye cfonu ua acqanufe.

-fo yeupenu oquuepu? -fo ucnufanu? B panopfe, cocfaeneuuor uru, suaufcn:
B nnfu refpax uap uauuru ronoearu repneuuo, e nonepeuo nnockocfu, epaanucu pea
npoponroeafux fena, kapoe pnuuok ue reuee peapuafu refpoe, u e puarefpe fpex.
Mafepuan, us kofoporo ouu unu usrofoeneuu, uanoruuan ankruuu, npureuneru e
uaue cfpaue e 30-e ropu XX eeka pnn ouueku ueufponnauoe caronefoe. Tena sfu ue
urenu kakux-nuo eupurux peuufene. Hankpeuue pnunocu ue reuee nonyaca, nocne
ero nefafenuuue annapafu ucesnu coecer ueouuo: ueo cpenanocu npeprposoeur,
ceuuuoeo-cepur, u kak u cpaeunnocu no ueefy c oLekfaru. Ecfecfeeuuu seykoeo qou
un uapyueu eucokoacfofuur ceucfor u seykaru, noxouru ua pacennneryk fonopor
cyxyk ppeeecuuy. Rouen popu. Heecfecfeeuuocfu ero saknkanacu e for, fo ou
nokasancn oquuepar sarycfeeuur cunukafuur kneer, npueepuur e ueropuocfu opepy u
peseufoeu eepx aeforounn.

Pepoe u Eaknauoe cooanu o for, fo ux npopeueuue enepep cfano
ueeosrouur us-sa foro, fo e eusoake, uakauyue euespa sanpaeneuuor nop npoky, ue
okasanocu uu kannu fonnuea. 3arepu racna nokasanu u ero ofcyfcfeue foe. Pesepeuan
noafan kauucfpa c eusuuor una cyxo. Ho sfo ece ouapyunocu ye nocne
2
ucesuoeeuun oLekfoe. o sforo, korpa curapu raueepupoeanu e eospyxe, popouoe
nokpufue ua rnasax y usyrneuuux oquuepoe uaano npocepafu, opasoeae eopouky
uupuuo npunusufenuuo 1215 refpoe c nnfuk nonyrefpoeuru ofeepcfunru e ueufpe,
kak nose euncuunocu, rnyuuo 30 refpoe kapoe. Cfeuku ofeepcfu, nokpufue
cnekuecn cfeknonopouo racco, urenu euyfpeuukk keenupuo fouo eunonueuuyk
pesuy. Mukpoauanus ee rpaue nokasan, fo ua uux uanuneuu cfpouuu, fufau, npopykfu
xurueckoro cuufesa. C uacfynneuuer cyrepek eopouka e feeuue uepenu, repneuuo, kak
u uexofn, eupacueana nepuo-posoeue nyu-sauku. Ouu pounucu, eucfpauean e
eospyxe npuypnueue ysopu. Cospaeanocu eneafneuue, fo uap eopouko uacnaueakfcn
ppyr ua ppyra pukoeuuuue, fo peskue e oepfauunx, fo pacnnueafue, kak knnkcu, nauuo.

Rpoucuecfeue ua rnyxo popore Tarauckoro nonyocfpoea ureno cepuesuue
nocnepcfeun. Panopf oquuepoe-pakefukoe ner ua paou cfon M.C. Fopaeea. Kak
cnepcfeue una cqoprupoeaua koruccun, e kofopyk eounu npepcfaeufenu Akaperuu uayk
u Muuucfepcfea oopouu. -fo e ypanocu euncuufu?
Hackonuko rue useecfuo, uuero, kpore foro, fo suanu ru. Ho crnfeuue e yru
neuoe koruccuu ece e uno eueceuo. H noeuuuu e sfor HPO eepu ncuo, fo sfo unu
ouu, npepcfaeuue eo ece kpace, ecnoruuaef o paeuux coufunx Pepoe. Rpoponufu
e rue xoefcn uuur, oeuseecfuur, fer, fo anras peef cfekno, nofory fo ero
ecfecfeeuuan cfpykfypa onee coeepueuua, er uckyccfeeuuan cfpykfypa nocnepuero. Tak
eof, nocne foro, kak yeuue u eoeuuue, eunonuue nocfaeneuuyk sapay, ofunu e Mockey,
k eopouke ofnpaeunucu cfapueknaccuuku opuo us okpecfuux ukon. Roueae far, ouu
npuunnucu pacckasueafu o for, fo ocfpuru ockonkaru okouuoro cfekna cockonunu
nonfopa eeppa cycfauuuu co cfeuok eopouok. Ouapyunocu, fo sfa cycfauuun...
anrasuan nunu! Heeeponfuoe ux ofkpufue okasanocu oeeupuur naropapn ecfuocfu
penf u ux popufene, c kofopuru ecepoeanu npepcfaeufenu enacfe. Rpureuunu
cneuuanuuyk fexuuky, noseonueuyk useneu rpyuf c copokarefpoeo rnyuuu no ecery
apeany eopouku. Opasoeaeuucn kofnoeau sanonuunu euer u neckor. yranu fakur
opasor ckpufu cnepu coufu. uer u enpnru uuero ocoeuuoro sarefuo ue uno. 3afo
uouk recfo uno eopouku uauuano ceefufucn, cfauoencu enauur u enskur. Rposuae
o sfor, no yfpar ukonuuuku papu saaeu uanonunnu euer us eopouku, cfaeuur cyxur
u ueeecorur, eeppa u uecnu ux k nuauery osepky, eeuu ue fouyn, ckonuko ponro uu
uaxopuncn e eope.

Pepoe ue nufaefcn nounfu npupopy qeuoreua, xofn no uafype enoeek ou
nkosuafenuuu. Rpocfo ueuu pakefuk yeepeu e npaeofe uauux npepkoe, ua
cocfeeuuor onufe ueopuokpafuo yepaeuuxcn e for, kak fonuko enoeek uauuaef
ernnpueafucn e espuy, espua uauuaef ernnpueafucn e uero, fo crepfenuuo onacuo.
Ropfeeppeuue fory ou ureef opuo, uo, eupaaefcn, yucfeeuuoe. Ero cocnyueeu,
coyacfuuk e uuuupeufe c HPO, Bacunu Bacunueeu Eaknauoe, korpa cfpacfu eokpyr
ceefnecn eopouku ueckonuko ynernucu, nponeun k ue noeuueuuu uufepec, uoyn e
nanafke, pasufo e ee ueufpe. Ho safek ceok ou euuypeu un ocfaeufu, ouapyue, fo
koa ero c saeupuo nepuopuuocfuk uauuaef nokpueafucn ooraru, onesueuuuru, ue
noppakurucn neeuuk. Ooraru k fory e ue npocfuru. Sfo ypfo eunonueuuue nop
konupky pucyuku peyx ecapuukoe, cupnux ua opuor koue, fo e ppeeuocfu noufanocu
cureonor uecfnauun.

Anexcanp Bonoee

HPO, N 16 (385), 2005. C. 3.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Anexcanp Bonoee

OHH BCRRLBAKT BHOBL

Huueuuu rop okasancn orafur ua ecfpeu naccaupckux cypoe u eoeuuux
kopane c fak uasueaeruru nefakuru cyrapuuaru, nocfpoeuuuru ueuseecfuo ker no
fexuonorunr, kofopur ue pacnonaraef uu opuo rocypapcfeo rupa. H sfo ue rupau, a
peanuuocfu. Rpur uacfonuko fkan, fo oeeupuu, kak npaeuno, ruoroonufuue ropnku,
urekue npeeocxopuyk uueuepuyk noprofoeky, ucnufueanu safpypueuun e
onpepeneuuu, fo e sfo uno ua caror pene?

EHL REPBOH BCTPE-H

Repean ecfpea c nefake cyrapuuo cocfonnacu 28 okfnpn 1902 ropa e
Feuueckor sanuee, enpufuk k eperar 3anapuo Aqpuku. Kanufau korrepeckoro cypua
4opf Concepu Hkoe Parep sanucan e opfoeor ypuane, fo cuaana ece ceoopuue
of eaxfu rafpocu npu nonuor ufune u ncuo norope yeupenu sa npaeur opfor uenoky
kpacuux orue, npko rurakux nop eopo. 3afer cnyunocu fo, fo nocenno nrkyk
nauuky, euseauuyk konnekfueuur npucfynor ecnpuuuuoro cfpaxa.
Hs-sa ecmaeue epya cmeui aopnveao napa onpeenumi pasuepi oekma
okasanoci sampyuumeniuiu. Bc e no uankau ua uocy u xeocme nnocko, veu-mo
noxoe ua kuma uauuui, yanoci paccvumami nuuy npunusumeniuo 600700
qymoe. Mauuua, nouavany ue usaeaeuan uu seyka, epya espeeena uecmepnuuo apouko.
Hauepeuun pesko, vmoi ymu, yeenuvumi xo, mak u ocmanuci ueeinonueuuiuu,
nomouy vmo vpuan, o necka omnonupoeauuan apouauua, uauoeeuuo ecnnie,
eepmukaniuo yuna e ueo. Mi yeuenu moniko e meui, ua ypoeue aopusouma.
Bepuyeuucu e nopf npunucku, Pueepnynu, Hkoe Parep cocfaeun off o ecfpee c
fauucfeeuuur kopanr. Ropnucu nop sfur yuukanuuur pokyreufor nocfaeunu neuu
koraupu cypua 4opf Concepu. Ho erecfo foro, fou c euurauuer ofuecfucu k
ceupefenucfear oeeupuee, yuue u ypuanucfu sauuknunucu ua peyx uafkux runofesax.
Repean: sfo un kuf. Bfopan: sfo uno puue onpokuuyforo cypua. -fo e kanufau
Parep? Ery ue ocfaeanocu uuero uuoro, kak eospasufu, fo kufu uukorpa ue ocuaanucu
curuanuuuru orunru, a onpokuuyeuuecn cypa uukorpa ue esrueanu e ueo, nefan c
qaufacfueckuru ckopocfnru. Hufpurykyk fery sakpuno areufcfeo Pefep,
pacnpocfpauue nop saronoekor euu nepeo ecfpeu sarefky, yfeeppakyk, fo e
apkor u enauor knurafe 3anapuo Aqpuku poeonuuo acfu konnekfueuue eupeuun.
Paspocapoeauuu Hkoe Parep npokorreufupoean uecocfonfenuuyk eepcuk cnoearu:
Ronuan uenenuua u yuu.

TAPAH 4HPA KOHBSH

12 anpenn 1933 ropa aecfpanucku epa, nunof-nkufenu 4un Koues, nponefan
uap nnnaru Hupuckoro okeaua, kak ou eupasuncn ua npecc-kouqepeuuuu e Kaueppe,
cuaana ucnufan uok of yeupeuuoro, safer ucnufan uok of cfonkuoeeuun caronfa c
yeupeuuur. A cnyunocu fo, fo nopeopuan nopka cpepuero eopousreeuun, xopouo
eupuan neae ua renkoeopue, peauye eeepx, e cufauuue cekyupu okasanacu nop
kpunor unnaua. 4un oyfun, kak caronf, cnoeuo raruufor, npufnrueaef k okpyrnory,
saocfpuuory cnepepu u csapu, cnoeuo rapnyu, oLekfy. O roreufe sforo kacauun-fapaua
Koues roeopun, kak ue npuuuueuer uukakoro epepa, cnepykee: /eouoe uo kpino
ecnopono ok nemake cyuapuui neako, ymo oua us mecma. Honimku uaueepou
nuo ckopocmik omopeamicn om sacmieueao uenoeuuo kopann uuveao ue anu. H n
2
eiuyeu in uankami, kak peauan npoouua, ocmaeneuuan uouu eouiu kpinou, n
i ckasan, usnuuue nocneuuo samnaueaemcn.
Pefakan cyrapuua ypepueana unnau 57 ruuyf. Rocne ero, nepeeepuyeuucu,
pyxuyna ua renkoeopue. Tar ocfanacu neafu ue reuee nonyaca, cnoeuo nopupan, noka
pokfop, sanpaeue eusoaku, eepuefcn e conpoeopeuuu ee peyx caronefoe.
Cyrapuua npunfene 4una Kouesn ue pasoapoeana, npoperoucfpupoeae, kak e
cryakuxcn cyrepkax, ceepkan orouukaru, sapueaefcn e oeuu feeppue pouuue
ofnoeuun, cnueuucu c uuru, ypfo ee specu uukorpa ue uno. Peakuun BM4 Aecfpanuu
una ceoeopasuo. 4nofckoe uaanucfeo nocefoeano, fo oeuu u xofeno urefu
auanoruuue kopanu.

YAP ROBOHOH MOPHHH

10 ran 2011 ropa epea ue safouyna unuckan pusenuuan cyrapuua Ckaf,
afakoeauuan nopkpaeuurcn cuusy kopaner e qopre pora. Fasefa Hoeocfu Caufunro,
pau noracufu cnyxu o for, fo skuna nopnopku noru, norecfuna ua nepeo nonoce
sarefky, us kofopo ufafenu ysuanu, fo Ckaf, c kofoporo uakauyue peroufuux paof
uno cunfo eoopyeuue, nonyun ue reuee uecfuapuafu ypapoe ronuuu. Kpore
ceepeuu o for, fo ucfouukor snekfpueckux paspnpoe un por, cooanocu, fo
snekfpueckue urnynucu npornu ofcek akkyrynnfopuux afape, fo nopka, ue cnocouan
npopyfu annacf u ecnnufu, ocfaeanacu ua uesuaufenuuo rnyuue, po roreufa, noka ue
una nopunfa nopeepeuuuru nop uee noufouaru.
O for, fo npoucxopuno noruro nopaeuu uekur snekfpueckur opyuer,
eckope pacckasan ua cfpauuuax ypuana Mopckoe peek qpauuyscku ypuanucf Makc
Rneee. H e sfor pacckase, esycnoeuo, caru uufepecuu nacca fof, fo nocne afaku ua
Ckaf, ua rnasax ruoroucneuuux eperoeux uankpafene, uap recfor, rpe
npepnonoufenuuo uaxopunacu nopnopka, uecrofpn ua nannue nyu conuua pasnunocu
papyuoe ceeeuue, npepeapueuee ecnnufue poroeupuoro oLekfa. OLekf, no oueukar
uankpafene, un pasrepor c qyfonuuoe none, cnoeuo ofnufu us uenuuoro kycka
eopouuoro refanna.
Makc Rneee nopepkuyn fo, fo ue ucknkun u seruoe npoucxopeuue oLekfa,
ecnu u ue ocfonfenucfea, npofueopeaue sakouar aspopuuaruku. Furaufcku por,
ofopeaeuucu of eopuo noeepxuocfu, ua eucofe 3040 refpoe cpenan pecnfok epaeuu
eokpyr cocfeeuuo ocu. Rocne ero, k ueranory usyrneuuk uankpafene, onycfueuucu
ua eonuu, ner e ppeq, npuuneuucu esseyuo eupupoeafu. B ufore por, kak nuuef
ypuanucf, eupupyn, repneuuo uces us eupa. Fopusouf Tuxoro okeaua uesarepnufenuuo
safnuynu puo-cepue fyu, ua qoue kofopux ceepkan suakoru, fenepu sonofucforo
ueefa por, epes pee-fpu ruuyfu pesko nornouuu uru.

CO CKOPOCTLK RYPH

Bspopor kaefcn fo, fo kpynuofouuauu kopanu nop eopo roef peurafucn co
ckopocfuk nynu, eunyeuuo us aeforafa nuo nynerfa. Ter ue reuee, useecfuu
nnoucku yuu-annucfuk Muuarofo Capaue, npoauanusupoeae sanucu feneeusuouuux
karep, ycfauoeneuuux ua rnyokoeopuor aeforafueckor afuckaqe Caouapa, npuun
k eueopy, fo sfo enonue eosrouo. Bepu ueku oLekf eopousreeuuer 250 fouu 2 ran
2011 ropa ue fonuko 97 pas npouccn ua paccfonuuu 30 caufurefpoe of rnyokoeopuuka,
uo, npouseepn sqqekf fpaccupykux ecnuuek, cuapnpor yun e cfpafocqepy u euue.
Coufue sfo, ureeuee recfo e akeafopuu ocfpoea Kkck, ureno, kak eupasuncn
Capaue, fpocfeeuuoe npoponeuue. Hnu sfof, unu ppyrue oLekfu foro e
eopousreeuun e onacuo nusocfu ycfpauanu korrepeckue cypa y ocfpoeoe Xokkapo,
Xouck, Cukoky.

RPHLEPLUL HE H3 KOCMOCA

...A us Mupoeoro okeaua, sauurakero 70,8 npoueufa feppufopuu uaue nnauefu.
Teppufopuu, usyeuuo ue npocfo ckeepuo, a noka oeuu ckeepuo. Rosfory fpypuo ue
3
cornacufucn c rueuuer npoqeccuouanuuoro acfpouora u nucafenn-qaufacfa Apfypa
Knapka, npepckasaeuero ecfpey c pafunru no pasyry ue e kocrueckor eakyyre, a
coneuux fonax okeauckux eop.

Anexcanp Bonoee

HPO, N 22 (688), 2011. C. 3.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Mapuna Huxumuna

KRABHE HHORRAHETRH

Koraupa aufpononoroe ouapyuna sarapouoe knapue eo epern
uccnepoeauun pyaupuckux pyurne e Aqpuke. Cuaana yuue peuunu,
fo uafkuynucu ua ocfauku ppeeuero noceneuun, opuako packonku nokasanu,
fo uapeuuue cyecfea ue roryf ufu nkpuru.

TAHHCTBEHHLE REEPL

B rorunax uaxopufcn ue reuee 200 fen, ouu ofnuuo coxpauunucu, uecrofpn ua fo,
fo nponeanu okono 500 nef. Heoxopuro ysuafu, ofkypa ouu noneunucu ua 3erne u fo
ux specu yuno, pacckasan ypuanucfar ueeuapcku aufpononor pokfop Xumro
Hanps. Morunu okasanucu pafckuru, e kapo us uux uaxopunocu no nnfu fen. Pocf y
cyecfe eucoku okono 7 qyfoe (npurepuo 2 r 13 cr). Fonoeu uenponopuuouanuuo
onuuue, u fpypuo onpepenufu, rpe unu pof, uoc u rnasa. Bnonue eosrouo, fo
oanucu ouu fenenafuecku u nepereanucu no recfuocfu, ucnonusyn seykoeue eonuu
unu ppyrue papapu, noxoue ua fe, kofopuru nonusykfcn seruue uouue ueofuue
nefyue ruuu, uanpurep.
Aufpononor fake npepnonoun, fo npuuenuuu unu acfuk uuonnauefuoro
pecaufa, kofopu nocne eucapku ua 3ernk cfonkuyncn co crepfouocuur eupycor.
Bupuro, uuonnauefnue ue urenu urryuufefa k seruur onesunr u rornu noruuyfu pae
of ouuoro OP3.
Mue kaemcn, ocmaniuie onui inu ynememi, mak kak eokpya uukakux cneoe
kako-nuo mexuuku ue uaeuo, poaennef pokfop -anps. Bnonue eosuouo, ui ee
uaeu vmo-mo uumepecuoe. Yveuie noka omkasieakmcn uaseami koopuuami uecma,
ae uaxoumcn knaue npuueniuee, ccinanci ua mo, vmo k ueuy mym e puuymcn
monni uckamene npuknkveuu. Teu ue ueuee, koaa ux paoma yem sakouveua,
movuoe uecmononoeuue knaua yem oeeeuo o oecmeeuuocmu.
Yeuue poeonuuo perynnpuo uaxopnf ppeeuue ryruu u ckenefu, u sfo ocfauku ue
nkpe u ue ux npepkoe. Eonuuuucfeo cneuuanucfoe cxopnfcn eo rueuuu, fo sfo nuo
ppeeuue reuefueckue ypopuu, nuo uuonnauefnue!

RHCLMO OT RPHLEPLUEB

Ha pyee 193738 ropoe e fpypuopocfynuor paoue rop Eaau-Kapa-Yna,
pacnonoeuuux ua rpauuue Tuefa u Kufan, skcnepuuue nop pykoeopcfeor npoqeccopa
Rekuucko akaperuu uayk Hu Ry1an e opuo us ckan unu ouapyeuu kpoxofuue
neepu, uanoruuakue cofu orporuoro ynun. Rocne ux usyeuun yeuue npepnonounu,
fo okpyakue ckanu sfo ppeeuee knapue, neepu-rorunu nocnepuee
npucfauue 716 repfeux uuonnauefnu. Ocfauku unu oeuu xpynkue, pocfor ue euue 130
caufurefpoe, ckenefu c uenponopuuouanuuo onuuuru ronoearu u foukuru
koueuocfnru.
Kpore sfo uaxopku ecfu ee opuu qakf, naropapn kofopory rouo peuufu, fo
sfo saxopoueuu npuuenuuu. B neepax coxpauunucu pucyuku Conuua, 3ernu, Pyuu u
ueko ueuseecfuo coepereuuur acfpouorar nnauefu, of kofopo, nnaeuur usruor
oxopn Conuue, fnuefcn uenoka foek pasrepor c ropouuuy. Sfa uenoka ynupaefcn e
3ernk, uaeepuoe, ofrean koueuu nyukf reseespuoro nepenefa npuuenuuee.
3pecu e unu ouapyeuu cfpauuue keparueckue pucku puarefpor okono
30 caufurefpoe u fonuuo 8 runnurefpoe. B ueufpe ux uaxopunocu ofeepcfue. Of
2
ueufpa k kpak pucka una cnupaneeupuan popoka c renkuru uenounfuuru suakaru.
Auanus nokasan, fo korpa-fo sfu pucku uaxopunucu nop eospecfeuer cunuuoro
raruufuoro nonn. A korpa puck eseeuueanu, npousouno uefo ypueufenuuoe: eecu unu
coepuueuu c caronucuer, u ua npofneuuu cyfok annapaf eueopun eonuucfyk kpueyk, fo
ecfu puck car coo yreuuuan u yeenuuean cocfeeuuu eec.
B uaane 60-x ropoe npounoro eeka ppyro kufacku npoqeccop Uyu Yuuy
cpenan acfuuu nepeeop uapnuce ua puckax. Enaropapn ery ru suaer, fo rpynna
uuonnauefuux cyecfe, uasueaeuux cen ppona, coeepuuna e paoue Eaau-Kapa-Yna
euuypeuuyk nocapky u ue crorna euoeu esnefefu. Rpuuenuuu norunu.
Uyr Yruy onynukoean kuury Hcmopun kocuuveckux kopane, cyecmeoeaeuux
12 micnv nem uasa, nocne ero srurpupoean e Hnouuk, rpe eckope yrep. K coaneuuk,
ceucauuouuue uaxopku pasounucu no pasuur xpauunuar u rysenr Kufan, u fenepu ux
fpypuo ypef eoccoepuuufu.

HC-E3HYBLEE RPEMH

Enaropapn uereukory apxeonory Banu1epy qou Monu1ke nepeeop uapnuce ua
puckax un cnaceu of saeeuun. B cenauuou e 1962 aoy nepeeoe aoeopumcn o
ucmopuu nneueuu pona, amuuveckoao ueuiuuucmea, novmu ucvesuyeueao k 1947 aoy,
pacckasueaef qou Monufke. Tauucmeeuuie uanucu noeeanu, vmo pouan nnauema
pona pacnonoeua okono Cupuyca u ux npeuecmeeuuuku coeepuunu ua 3eunk ea
nymeuecmeun okono 20 micnv nem uasa u e 1014 aoy. Bo epeun nocneue uuccuu
kopani pasuncn, u eiueuue npuueniui ue cuoanu nokuuymi uauy nnauemy. Tak u
eosuukno nneun pona. Kpore sforo, Monufke ypanocu pasuckafu paccenuuue no pasuur
kufackur rysenr ckenefu uuonnauefnu. Apxeonor cpenan cuurku okareueeuero kocfnka
ux pykoeopufenn pocfor 117 caufurefpoe u ero euu, kofopan una ua 12,5 caufurefpa
uue.
Monufke nonaraef, fo, no kpaue repe, 12 us 716 ckenefoe urenu npnroe
ofuoueuue k nepeur kocrueckur konouucfar: ouu ofnuanucu of ocfanuuux onee
uuskur pocfor, onuuero pasrepa epenaru u rnasuuru enapuuaru. Ha uore opuoro us
uux unu neuue cnepu xupypruecko onepauuu, npoeepeuuo, cypn no ecery, c norouk
nasepa!

MYMHH EE3 HOCA

o cux nop ue yfuxakf oecfoeuuue cnopu, censauuue co suareuufo ryrue,
ouapyeuuo e opuo us ppeeueerunefckux rpouuu. Hccnepoeauun nokasanu, fo oua ue
nennefcn enoeekor. Y uee uupoku pof es nsuka, uef uu uoca, uu yue, u orporuu pocf
pea c nonoeuuo refpa.
Apxeonor Fac1ou pe Bunnap euncuun, fo eospacf ryruu cocfaennn okono efupex
fucn nef. Ouo ino noxopoueuo kak eaunemcku eeniuoa mameniuo
uyuuquuupoeauuiu u okpyeuuiu nonaaakuuucn cnyaauu, nue u npeuemauu
uckyccmea, npeuasuaveuuiuu nn saapouo usuu. Ho, kak ui eincuunu, ue ece
okpyakue uaxoky npeuemi npuuaneam eaunemcko unu eooe seuuo
kynimype. Hanpuuep, ecmi kpyani nonupoeauui uemannuvecku uck, nokpimi
cmpauuiuu nuciueuauu, kocmku us uemanna c ocmamkauu veao-mo, uanouuuakeao
nnacmukoeyk oyei, u uuoecmeo kaueuuix manuvek, sanonueuuix usopaeuunuu
sees, nnauem u cmpauuix uauuu.
Ycinaniuuua, ae ina ouapyeua cmpauuan uyuun, moe eiannum ueoivuo.
Hoapeaniui noko cenau ueuseecmuiu e peeuocmu cnocoou. Kaueui ykeaniuo
eipesau us ckani mak, vmo cmeui ocmanuci poeuiuu, kak nonupoeauui upauop.
Cosaemcn enevamneuue, ymo eao pesanu nasepou. Kcmamu, u noeepxuocmi kauun
onnaeneua. Fpouuua ykpaueua cycmauuue, uanouuuake ceuueu. Mi ue uoanu
onpeenumi, vmo amo sa uamepuan.
e Bunnap peuun, fo uuonnauefnuuua noxopouunu erunfnue no ceocfeeuuory ur
opnpy. B nonusy sfo runofesu roeopnf u kapfuuu ua kareuuux fanukax,
usopaakue rauuuy, kofopan nepepeuraefcn no eospyxy.
3
Ee opuy uuonnauefuyk ryruk uepaeuo ouapyunu fypeukue cneneonoru. Tpyn
ryruquuupoeauuoro cyecfea nokouncn e capkoqare, cpenauuor, kak nouaany nocufanu
yeuue, us xpycfann. Pocf npuuenuua npu usuu ue npeeuuan 1 refpa 20 caufurefpoe. Y
uero coxpauunacu ceefno-seneuan koa, a no okar onuuue npospauue kpunun, kak y
uacekororo! Hecuompn ua cmoni ueoivuyk eueuuocmi, roeopuf apxeonor Canuu
Tepucaue, cyecmeo onee noxoe ua venoeeka, ueenu ua kakoe-mo ueomuoe.
Hoc, ayi, yuu, pyku, cmynuu, uoamu cyecmea oveui noxou ua venoeeveckue. Toniko
anasa pesko omnuvakmcn om uauux. Pasuepou ouu e mpu pasa oniue, veu y nke, u
coeepueuuo ecueemuie.
Caroe uufepecuoe, yeuue, usyue ryruk, npuunu k eueopy, fo oua uea!
Roxoe, fo cyecfeo uaxopufcn e cocfonuuu rnyoko repufauuu u, enonue eosrouo,
ckopo oueef. Buurafenuuo paccrofpee capkoqar, cfano nounfuo, fo ou cpenau ofukpu
ue us xpycfann, a us npouoro repuakero kpucfannueckoro rafepuana, uesuakororo
sernnuar.
Korpa e rouo ypef ofeefufu ua ece eonpocu, nocfaeneuuue uaxopkaru yeuux?
Bosrouo, popaeuucu npoypeuun uesuakorua e npospauor rpoy.

Mapuna Huxumuna

HPO, N 19 (684), 2011. C. 3.
1
TOHHERL
Bmnyck N 40 (2012)
TUNNEL

AKAEMHH HH4OPMAUHOPOFH-ECKOH H RPHKPAHOH Y4OPOFHH


Hs apxuea ypuana "Kanepockon HPO"

Fanuna Cuneea

3ARPEEHHLE RHPAMHL KHTAR

B kufacko npoeuuuuu Lsuucu uaxopnfcn ruraufckue nuparupu, caro
cyecfeoeauue kofopux ee coecer uepaeuo nopeepranu corueuuk Hx qopra
uanoruuaef nuparupu arepukauckux uupeuee ran, fonuko eepuuuu onee nnockue. Ro
npunusufenuuur oueukar apxeonoroe, onuuuucfey kufackux nuparup of 2500 po 3500
nef, fo ecfu npurepuo cfonuko e, ckonuko suareuufur ppeeueerunefckur nuparupar, uo
ue ucknkeuo, fo uekofopue us uux ropaspo cfapue.
Caro eucoko us useecfuux nuparup cufaefcn nuparupa Xeonca e onuue
qapaouoe 148 refpoe. Ho e uayuo nufepafype ecfpeakfcn ynoruuauun o ruraufcko
eno nuparupe e Kufae, kofopan ceouru konoccanuuuru pasreparu uaruoro
npeeocxopuf ece eucoauue nuparupu e Erunfe u Pafuucko Arepuke.
Repeoe cooeuue o eno nuparupe pasounocu no ceefy, no-eupurory, e
1912 ropy. B sfo epern peoe korrepcaufoe, 4psp Meep Lpspep u Ockap Marau, espunu
no foproeur penar e kufackyk npoeuuuuk Lsuucu. Ouu npoesanu epes paou,
neau e 60 kunorefpax k kro-sanapy of ropopa Cuauu. B ropax Kuu Puuu-cnu
nyfeuecfeeuuuku yeupenu nuparupy eucofo okono 300 refpoe c uupoko nnafqopro ua
eepuuue. B ceoer pueeuuke Marau u Lpspep sanucanu: Smo spenue nompncno uac
ae oniue, veu ecnu i ui uaunu ux e nycmiue. Ho ouu (nupauui) uaxonmcn,
uekomopiu opasou, ua anasax y eceao uupa, a e sanauix cmpauax o uux uuveao ue
suakm.

Hereu Xapfeur Xaycpopq u ero ppyr aecfpueu Refep Kpacca, sauurakuecn
usyeuuer sarapouux neneuu ua uaue nnauefe, nepeuru pounucu paspeueuun
kufackux enacfe npoexafu no sanpefuur feppufopunr npoeuuuuu Lsuucu u cpenafu far
qoforpaquu u npoeecfu eupeocLerku. Ouu yeupenu pecnfku pasuux nuparup, uekofopue
nokasanucu ur ocoeuuo uufepecuuru. Opua nuparupa enusu ropopa Cuauu ypueufenuuo
uanoruuaef cfyneuafo qopro u pasreparu nuparupy Conuua e Teofuyakaue e
Mekcuke.
Opua onuuan nuparupa ofnuaefcn of ecex ocfanuuux ue fonuko pasreparu, uo u
ocfafkaru packpacku. Kuan rpauu nuparupu una eukpaueua kpacuo kpacko,
eocfouan cepo-ronyo, ceeepuan epfo, a sanapuan cfopoua cunna ocnenufenuuo
enusuo. Kufauu yfeeppakf, fo eepuuua nuparupu una nokpufa sonofor u
oosuaana cepepuuy rupa.
Ee eo epern Bfopo rupoeo eouu arepukaucku eoeuuu nefuk erc
Fayccrau nkou yxufpuncn cqoforpaqupoeafu c eospyxa rporapuyk nuparupy e
Ueufpanuuor Kufae uenopaneky of ropopa Cuauu. Runof npepcfaeun qofocuurok ceoery
uaanucfey, u sfof pokyreuf uaponro safepnncn rpe-fo e apxueax.
Pefuky nokasanocu, fo nuparupa una ueeeponfuux pasrepoe: okono 300 refpoe
e eucofy u npurepuo 500 refpoe e uupuuy y ocuoeauun. Fayccrau noppouo pacckasan o
yeupeuuor ype: P nemen uuuo aopi, u nomou ui okasanuci ua poeuo onuuo.
Hpnuo no uauu cmonna auaaumckan enan nupauua. Smo ino kak e ckaske. Hupauua
ecn nepenueanaci uckpnecn enusuo. Smo uoa imi uemann unu kako-uuyi
kaueui. Oua ina ueeeponmuo enan, uo cauoe sauevameniuoe amo eepuuua:
oapouui uouonum, noxou ua paaoueuui kaueui. Hocaumi cauonem ino uenisn,
xomn uau oveui xomenoci amo cenami.

4oforpaqun, cpenauuan arepukauckur nefukor, ueoupauuo ecnnuna e
1986 ropy e uspauuo e Aecfpanuu kuure Epaaua Kpoynu The Face on Mars. A e
2
1994 ropy Xapfeur Xaycpopq onynukoean ceou ruoroucneuuue cuurku kufackux
nuparup. Ou yfeeppaef, fo eupen enyk nuparupy u onpepenun ee eucofy
300 refpoe, a fake usrepun uupuuy ocuoeauun 485 refpoe. Ocuoeauue nuparupu, no
onucauuk Xaycpopqa, cocfaennef ecfecfeeuuu xonr, u oua, e ofnuue of erunefckux u
arepukauckux, ue cocfouf fonuko us kareuuux nokoe unu nnuf. Ha noeepxuocfu ropu-
nuparupu sarefuu ueuseuue cnepu epereuu opyueuun, fpeuuu, npopenauuue
eefpor u eopo sa npouepuue fucnenefun. Korpa nepeue skcnepuuuu
npoqeccuouanuuux apxeonoroe croryf ocuoeafenuuo uccnepoeafu yuukanuuoe
coopyeuue, sfu paspyueuun nororyf yfouufu eospacf nuparupu. Ceac ucfopuku
npepnonarakf, fo eno nuparupe npunusufenuuo of 2500 po 4500 nef.
okfop Mapk Kapnoffo paccrafpuean cuurku, cpenauuue soupor Bukuur e
paoue Cupouun ua Mapce. 3aperucfpupoeauuue far oLekfu nokasanucu ery
uckyccfeeuuuru coopyeuunru, ofacfu noxouru ua seruue, e acfuocfu, ua enyk
nuparupy. okfop Kapnoffo usnoun ceou coopaeuun e kuure, onynukoeauuo e
1997 ropy. Banufep Xau, foe noppepueaku runofesy o uckyccfeeuuux nocfpokax
ua Mapce, nuuef e ceoe kuure Mapcuaucku nuk (Mkuxeu, 1995 r.), fo enan
nupauua uaxoumcn ceeepuee aopoa Xcukuui (coepeueuuan mpauckpunuun Cuaui) ua
epeay peku Buxo, ua 34,26 apayca ceeepuo uupomi u 108,52 apayca eocmovuo
onaomi. ...B uenocpecmeeuuo nusocmu om uee neum aopook Heunouyu.
Maneuuku ropopok epnp nu oosuaeu ua kapfax, uo, cypn no kooppuuafar, sfo recfo
ponuo neafu pnpor c ropopor Cuauu.

Bosuukaef enonue yrecfuu eonpoc: noery cfonu eupakancn u sarefuan, pae e
fako orporuo cfpaue, kak Kufa, nocfpoka po cux nop ue fonuko ue uccnepoeaua, a,
uecrofpn ua urekuecn kooppuuafu, npakfuecku ue ofkpufa?
Rpu paccrofpeuuu koukpefuux recfuocfe ruq o eno nuparupe cfauoeufcn
ece onee pacnnueafur, a ceepeuun o ue npofueopeueuru. Kufa eenuk, u sarapkar
e sfo cfpaue uef ucna... Huue cooeuun, ua nepeu esrnnp coeepueuuo
qaufacfueckue, roryf ua noeepky okasafucn peanuuuru qakfaru. B 1959 ropy e opuor us
paouoe Kufan, ua kuor epery osepa oufuuu (k kro-sanapy of ropopa Yxauu, ueckonuko
kuee 30- napannenu, uno cunuuoe sernefpnceuue. Bcnepcfeue cpeura ropuux nopop
ua noeepxuocfu nokasanucu fpu kouycoopasuux coopyeuun, ycnoeuo uaseauuue
kpyrnuru nuparuparu. o sernefpnceuun sfu coopyeuun unu ueuseecfuu. Ruparupu
ocnepoeana uayuan skcnepuuun eo rnaee c sfuonoror u apxeonoror npoqeccopor -u
Reu Pno us Rekuuckoro yuueepcufefa. Bucofa sfux nuparup pocfurana 300 refpoe, a ux
eospacf kufackue yeuue onpepenunu kak 45 fucn nef coeepueuuo ueeeponfuo! Kakyk
refopuky npureunnu kufauu npu ycfauoeneuuu eospacfa nuparup, ueuseecfuo.

Henopaneky of ocuoeauun opuo us kpyrnux nuparup kufackue apxeonoru ofkpunu
sacunauuu npoxop, kofopu saeen ux e nopseruu naupuuf. Yeuue nonuocfuk
ucknkunu eosrouocfu npupopuoro npoucxopeuun sforo kopupopa, fak kak ero kareuuue
cfeuu okasanucu oeuu rnapkuru, cfapafenuuo opaofauuuru. Opuu us ruoecfea
currefpuuo pacnonoeuuux npoxopoe nkou npueen apxeonoroe e onuuo nopseruu
san, nofonok u cfeuu kofoporo unu nokpufu uenounfuuru pucyukaru. Ha opuor pucyuke
eupuenacu cueua oxofu, a uaeepxy unu usopaeuu cyecfea e coepereuuo opepe,
cupnue e kpyrnor kopane, nopospufenuuo noxoer ua nefakyk fapenky. -enoeeku,
eoopyeuuue konunru, rounfcn sa kakur-fo pukur seepuer, a nefnue uap uuru
ceepxenoeeku pepaf e pykax npeprefu, noxoue ua pyun, u uennfcn e puu. Oeuu
cfpauuan cueua nepeoufuo oxofu.
Pnpor c sfo eneafnnke kapfuuo poucfopuecko usuu yeuue yeupenu ue
reuee uufepecuoe usopaeuue. Pucyuok npepcfaennn coo pecnfu uapoe, pasreeuuux
ua pasuux paccfonuunx ppyr of ppyra u crpynnupoeauuux eokpyr epuuoro ueufpa. Tpefu of
ueufpa uap (3ernn?) u efeepfu (Mapc?) coepuueuu repy coo nuuue e eupe nefnu.
Sfof pucyuok noxo ua cxery Conueuo cucferu, e kofopo 3ernn u Mapc unu neuo
censauu ppyr c ppyror kakuru-fo fecuuru ofuoueuunru. Sfo rouo cufafu koceeuuur
pokasafenucfeor npucyfcfeun ua 3erne uuonnauefnu 45 fucn nef uasap u koufakfa c
uaceneuuer ppyrux nnauef, eosrouo Mapca.
3
B kufacko uepornuquecko nucureuuocfu foe rouo uafu ykasauun ua censu c
uuonnauefnuaru. Rpoucxopeuue kufackux uepornuqoe useecfuo kufauu
yuacnepoeanu ux of ufene peeuero Kufan. 3uak, oosuaaku ueo, ureef cfpauuyk
qopry: sfo qurypka c keappafuo ronoeo u foukuru pykaru u uokaru. peeuee
suaeuue sforo uepornuqa npuuepuu c ueec oLncunef ero qopry.
B nocnepuue pecnfunefun kufackoe npaeufenucfeo onee narocknouuo ofuocufcn
k cfperneuuk apxeonoroe us ppyrux cfpau nopaofafu ua eckpauux npocfopax Kufan.
Ocfaefcn uapenfucn, fo enan nuparupa u kpyrnue nuparupu c nopseruur
naupuufor e nuauue ropu nepecfauyf ufu fauo.

Fanuna Cuneea

HPO, N 18 (387), 2005. C. 8.