Index

Index
Oxford Medicine Online
Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology (4 ed.)

Edited by Richard A. Watts, Philip G. Conaghan, Christopher Denton, Helen Foster,
John Isaacs, and Ulf Mller-Ladner
Latest update
In November 2014, 80 chapters were updated. Numerous updates have been made
including to the chapters on Rheumatoid Arthritis, the Genetics and Environment
section, the Management section, and much more. We also welcome two new authors
Sebastien Viatte and Charles Raine.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Print ISBN-13: 9780199642489
DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199642489.001.0001
Print Publication Date: Oct 2013

Published online: Oct 2013
Index
Main index entries are given in bold. Entries in italics refer to figures, tables, and boxes.
A
A20 [link]
AA amyloidosis (reactive systemic amyloidosis) [link], [link][link]
in familial Mediterranean fever [link]
prognosis [link]
treatment [link][link]
AAV see ANCA-associated vasculitis
abatacept [link][link], [link]
in ankylosing spondylitis [link]
clinical trials [link], [link], [link]
clinical use [link], [link]
Page 1 of 188
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Index
cost-effectiveness analysis [link]
efficacy [link]
infection risk [link]
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link]
in juvenile SLE [link]
mode of action [link], [link]
perioperative use [link], [link]
during pregnancy and lactation [link]
in psoriatic arthritis [link]
side effects [link]
in children [link]
in SLE [link]
abdominal examination, children [link]
abdominal pain
in SLE [link]
sulphasalazine-associated [link]
abduction [link]
abetimus sodium (LJP 394) [link][link], [link]
absenteeism [link]
ACA antibodies see anti-cardiolipin antibodies
acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) [link]
accessory ossicles [link]
ACE see angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
acetabular dysplasia [link]
acetaminophen see paracetamol
acetanilide [link]
acetylation of histones [link]
Achilles bursitis [link]
Achilles tendinopathy [link], [link][link]
Achilles tendon
anatomy [link]
enthesitis [link], [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
pathology [link]
enthesitis, ultrasound imaging [link]
physical examination [link]
ultrasound imaging [link], [link], [link]
achondrogenesis [link], [link]
achondroplasia [link], [link]
spinal stenosis [link]
acid-fast bacilli (AFB) [link]
see also leprosy; tuberculosis
acid maltase deficiency (Pompe's disease) [link]
see also non-inflammatory myopathies
aCL antibodies see anti-cardiolipin antibodies
acneiform lesions, Behet's disease [link]
acoustic shadowing [link]
Page 2 of 188
Index
ACPA see anti-citrullinated protein antibodies
acral necrosis [link]
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) [link], [link], [link]
investigations [link]
treatment [link]
acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) [link]
acromegaly, rheumatological manifestations [link][link], [link]
acromioclavicular joint
anatomy [link]
disorders of [link]
injection technique [link]
rheumatoid arthritis, radiographic imaging [link], [link]
surgery [link]
acroparesthesia, Fabry's disease [link][link]
ACTH see adrenocorticotrophic hormone
actin [link]
active vaccination [link]
activities of daily living (ADL), assessment [link]
acupuncture [link], [link]
in back pain [link]
in lateral epicondylitis [link]
in osteoarthritis [link][link]
acute confusional state (delirium) [link][link]
acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) [link]
acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy [link]
acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP, GuillainBarr syndrome) [link]
acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) [link]
acute kidney injury (AKI) [link], [link][link]
causes
intrinsic pathologies [link][link]
postrenal [link][link]
prerenal [link]
definitions [link][link]
diagnostic approach [link][link], [link]
features [link]
first line assessments [link][link]
general principles of management [link]
Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria [link]
acute leukaemia, secondary osteoporosis [link]
acute-phase reactants see C-reactive protein; ESR
adalimumab [link]
in ankylosing spondylitis [link][link]
Page 3 of 188
Index
side effects [link][link]
in children [link]
in uveitis [link]
adamantinomas [link]
ADAMTS
role in OA [link]
role in osteoarthritis [link]
role in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
in synovium [link]
Adamts5, role in osteoarthritis [link]
adaptive immune system [link]
pathogen recognition [link]
reaction to microbial invasion [link]
role in JIA [link][link]
see also B cells
adduction [link]
adenovirus infections [link]
adherence [link]
young people [link], [link]
adhesion molecules [link]
as therapeutic target [link]
adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) [link], [link][link]
association with diabetes [link]
adipokines [link][link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
in SLE [link]
in spondyloarthropathies [link]
in systemic sclerosis [link]
adiponectin [link]
role in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
see also adipokines
adipose tissue
anatomy [link], [link]
in synovial joints [link]
adolescents [link][link]
back pain [link]
bio-psycho-social development [link]
impact of rheumatic disease [link][link]
care provision [link]
chronic idiopathic pain syndrome [link]
disease outcome [link]
disease spectrum [link]
HEADSS screening tool [link][link]
history-taking [link]
kyphosis [link], [link]
Page 4 of 188
Index
scoliosis [link][link]
transitional care [link], [link][link]
key criteria [link], [link][link]
see also children
ADRB2 [link]
adrenal vein thrombosis [link]
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
in acute CCP arthritis [link]
disproportion principle [link][link]
adverse effects of medication
abatacept [link]
allopurinol [link]
anticonvulsants [link][link]
antidepressants [link]
anti-malarials [link]
anti-TNF therapy [link][link]
in children [link][link]
azathioprine [link]
bisphosphonates [link][link], [link]
ciclosporin [link]
cyclophosphamide [link]
d-penicillamine [link]
fostamatinib [link]
glucocorticoids [link][link], [link]
prophylactic measures and monitoring [link]
gold [link][link]
hydroxychloroquine [link], [link]
leflunomide [link][link]
methotrexate [link][link]
mycophenolate mofetil [link]
neurological symptoms [link][link]
NSAIDs [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
opioids [link]
paracetamol [link]
raloxifene [link]
rituximab [link], [link]
strontium ranelate [link]
sulphasalazine [link]
tocilizumab [link]
adynamic bone disease (ABD) [link], [link][link]
aesthetic problems [link], [link][link]
AFF3 [link]
Afro-Caribbean origins, SLE [link], [link]
-galactosidase A deficiency (Fabry's disease) [link][link]
clinical and laboratory features [link]
ageing
changes in muscle [link]
Page 5 of 188
Index
epigenetic mechanisms [link][link]
ageing process [link]
aggrecan [link], [link], [link], [link]
degradation in osteoarthritis [link][link]
structure [link]
Ahlbck's disease (femoral condyle osteonecrosis) [link]
AicardiaGoutiers syndrome [link]
AIDS see human immunodeficiency virus infection
AIM2 [link], [link]
AL amyloidosis [link]
localized [link]
prognosis [link], [link]
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
in myositis [link][link]
serum levels [link]
AlbersSchnberg disease (oseopetrosis) [link], [link], [link]
albumin, urinary [link]
see also proteinuria
alcohol
associated problems [link]
effects on bone density [link]
aldolase, in myositis [link][link]
alemtuzumab [link]
alendronate [link]
in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) [link]
in Paget's disease of bone [link]
trials in men [link]
see also bisphosphonates
alfacalcidol, in renal osteodystrophy [link]
alignment of joints, radiographic assessment [link]
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
bone specific [link]
in giant cell arteritis [link]
serum levels [link]
in vitamin D deficiency [link]
alkaptonuria [link], [link]
alleles [link][link]
allodynia [link]
definition [link]
allogenic haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation [link]
allopurinol [link]
allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) [link]
alopecia
cyclophosphamide-related [link]
Page 6 of 188
Index
in SLE [link], [link][link]
thalassaemias [link]
alphavirus infections [link][link]
alternate-day therapy, glucocorticoids [link]
alternative therapies see complementary and alternative medicines
aluminium osteopathy [link], [link]
alveolitis
gallium-67 scintigraphy [link]
in SLE [link][link]
Alzheimer's disease [link]
amaurosis fugax [link]
American College of Rheumatology (ACR)
ACR pedi [link] [link]
classification criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ChurgStrauss
syndrome) [link]
classification criteria for fibromyalgia syndrome [link]
classification criteria for giant cell arteritis [link]
classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis)
[link]
classification criteria for RA [link][link], [link][link]
classification criteria for systemic sclerosis [link]
classification criteria for Takayasu's arteritis [link]
classification of SLE [link], [link]
diagnostic criteria for fibromylagia [link]
recommendations for JIA management [link], [link][link]
AmericanEuropean Consensus Group (AECG), classification criteria for Sjgren's syndrome
[link]
aminoglycosides, nephrotoxicity [link]
5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)
in collagenous and lymphocytic colitis [link]
in ulcerative colitis [link]
amitryptyline, in fibromyalgia [link], [link]
amoebal infections [link], [link]
Amor criteria, enthesitis [link], [link]
amphiarthrodial joints [link]
amphotericin B [link], [link]
amputation, in chronic osteomyelitis [link]
amyloidosis [link][link]
acquired [link]
AA amyloidosis (reactive systemic amyloidosis) [link][link]
2-microglobulin amyloidosis [link][link]
classification [link]
Congo red stain [link]
hereditary [link][link]
Page 7 of 188
Index
histological diagnosis [link][link]
imaging [link], [link], [link], [link]
localized AL amyloidosis [link]
natural history and prognostic factors [link][link]
organ involvement [link], [link]
pathogenesis [link][link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
senile transthyretin amyloidosis [link]
treatment [link]
AA amyloidosis [link][link]
AL amyloidosis [link][link]
novel therapies [link]
organ transplantation [link]
supportive therapies [link][link]
amyopathic dermatomyositis [link]
ANA see anti-nuclear antibodies
anaemia [link][link]
in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
drug-related
ciclosporin [link]
gold [link]
leflunomide [link]
iron deficiency [link]
pernicious [link][link]
in Sjgren's syndrome [link]
in SLE [link], [link], [link]
anaemia of chronic disease [link]
anaerobes
opportunistic infections [link]
osteoarticular infections [link], [link]
anaesthesia, for lower limb surgery [link]
anakinra
in chronic CCP crystal inflammatory arthritis [link]
in haemochromatosis [link]
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link], [link]
in periodic fever syndromes [link], [link]
properties [link]
side effects in children [link]
analgesia [link], [link]
Page 8 of 188
Index
in acute CCP arthritis [link][link]
in back pain [link], [link]
in childhood musculoskeletal pain [link]
COX-2 inhibitors [link][link]
pharmacology [link][link]
general principles [link]
in hypermobility syndromes [link]
for lower limb surgery [link]
in neuropathic pain [link][link]
novel therapies [link]
NSAIDs, pharmacology [link][link]
opioids [link][link]
in osteoarthritis [link], [link][link]
hand osteoarthritis [link]
hip [link][link]
paracetamol [link][link], [link][link]
physical therapies [link]
in sickle cell disease [link][link]
ANCA see anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) [link], [link], [link], [link]
associated antibodies [link]
causes of death [link]
Chapel Hill Consensus definition [link]
clinical features [link][link], [link]
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (ChurgStrauss syndrome)
[link][link]
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) [link][link]
microscopic polyangiitis [link]
neurological symptoms [link]
diagnosis and staging [link][link]
disease activity definitions [link]
disease state definitions [link]
fertility and pregnancy [link][link]
leptin levels [link]
outcomes [link][link]
pathogenesis [link], [link][link]
relapse risk [link]
renal disease, histological classification [link]
renal function assessment [link]
adverse events [link][link]
assessment of response [link]
children and elderly people [link]
induction therapy [link][link]
maintenance therapy [link]
Page 9 of 188
Index
management of damage [link]
refractory disease [link]
of relapse [link]
ANCA test, in acute kidney injury [link]
Ancylostoma infections [link]
Anderson fracture, radiographic imaging [link]
Andrew's disease (pustular bacterid) [link]
androgen drain [link]
aneurysmal bone cysts [link]
angioedema, hereditary (HAE) [link], [link]
angiogenesis [link]
angiography [link]
digital subtraction angiography [link][link]
in Kawasaki disease [link][link]
in large-vessel vasculitis [link]
MRI [link], [link], [link]
in polyarteritis nodosa [link]
angiokeratomas, Fabry's disease [link][link]
angiotensin II, role in hypertension [link]
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), in sarcoidosis [link]
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEs), as cause of acute kidney injury [link]
angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs ), as cause of acute kidney injury [link]
ANGPT1 [link]
angular cheilitis [link]
anisotropy, ultrasound imaging [link]
ANKH [link]
ankle joint
fractures, computed tomography [link][link]
injection technique [link], [link]
ligament injuries [link]
nerve entrapments [link]
osteoarthritis [link][link], [link][link]
physical examination [link][link], [link][link], [link]
in children 44, [link]
psoriatic arthritis [link]
ranges of movement [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link][link]
ankle pain, children [link], [link][link]
ankle surgery
arthrodesis [link], [link]
arthroplasty [link]
arthroscopy [link]
peripheral nerve blocks [link]
ankylosing spondylitis (AS) [link], [link][link]
aetiopathogenesis [link]
adipokines [link]
classification criteria [link]
Page 10 of 188
Index
clinical features
aortitis [link]
extra-articular manifestations [link]
extraspinal manifestations [link]
eye symptoms [link]
hip involvement [link][link]
pulmonary complications [link], [link]
spinal mobility restriction [link]
spinal pain and stiffness [link][link], [link]
comorbidities, inflammatory bowel disease [link], [link]
costs [link][link]
cost-effectiveness of biologics [link][link]
diagnosis [link][link], [link]
disease activity assessment [link]
epidemiology [link], [link]
genetics [link][link]
HLA B27 [link], [link][link]
sibling recurrence risk ratio (s) [link]
imaging
MRI [link][link], [link]
nuclear imaging [link]
radiography [link], [link]
juvenile see enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA)
management [link]
disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs [link]
glucocorticoids [link]
NSAIDs [link]
physiotherapy [link]
TNF blockers [link][link]
mobility assessment [link]
outcome measures [link][link]
patient education [link], [link]
predictive and protective factors [link]
pregnancy [link]
drug therapy [link]
RCT design [link]
referral parameters [link][link]
Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) [link]
annexin A5 [link]
anorexia, in SLE [link], [link]
anorexia nervosa, secondary osteoporosis [link]
ANP32A [link]
antalgic gait [link], [link]
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) [link]
Page 11 of 188
Index
injuries [link], [link]
anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) [link], [link], [link]
anterior talofibular ligament injuries [link]
anterior uveitis [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
ankylosing spondylitis [link]
associated malignancy [link]
in Behet's disease [link][link]
causes [link][link]
in children [link], [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
treatment [link], [link]
anti-155/140 antibodies [link]
anti-200/100 antibodies [link]
anti--actinin antibodies [link]
anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases [link]
anti-aquaporin antibodies [link]
anti-2 glycoprotein I antibody assays [link]
antibiotics
in brucellosis [link]
in Lyme borreliosis [link], [link]
in osteomyelitis [link], [link], [link]
in paediatric osteoarticular infections [link][link]
prophylactic [link][link]
arthroplasty [link], [link]
rheumatic fever [link][link]
in reactive arthritis [link][link]
in rheumatic fever [link]
in septic arthritis [link][link]
in Whipple's disease [link]
antibody production [link]
anti-C1q antibodies [link], [link], [link]
associated medical conditions [link]
anti-C2C antibodies [link][link]
anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies [link]
anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) 85, [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
in cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis [link]
detection [link]
in localized scleroderma [link]
anti-CD20 antibodies [link][link]
see also rituximab
anti-CD40 ligand antibody [link]
anti-centromere antibodies [link]
and interstitial lung disease [link]
anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) [link][link], [link][link]
Page 12 of 188
Index
associated rheumatic conditions [link], [link], [link]
genetic associations [link], [link]
in JIA [link]
in psoriatic arthritis [link][link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link][link], [link][link]
anti-coagulation
in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link][link]
and joint injections [link][link]
anticonvulsants
in neuropathic pain [link][link]
in rheumatic chorea [link]
side effects [link]
antidepressants
in back pain [link], [link]
in fibromyalgia [link], [link]
in neuropathic pain [link]
anti-DNase B titre [link]
anti-DNA topoisomerase antibodies, in localized scleroderma [link]
anti-dsDNA antibodies [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
associated rheumatic conditions [link], [link]
anti-EJ antibodies [link]
anti-E-selectin, molecular targeted imaging [link]
anti-fibrillin antibodies [link]
anti-fodrin antibodies [link]
anti-fungal drugs [link], [link]
in angular cheilitis [link]
in oral candidiasis [link]
anti-GBM disease (Goodpasture's syndrome) [link], [link], [link]
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) [link]
B cells as [link], [link]
antigen recognition [link]
antigens [link]
anti-Ha antibodies [link]
anti-histone antibodies [link]
anti-ICA69 antibodies [link]
anti-Jo-1 antibodies, in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link]
anti-KS antibodies [link]
anti-Ku antibodies [link]
anti-La antibodies [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
pregnancy [link], [link], [link][link]
anti-malarials [link]
in SLE [link][link], [link]
Page 13 of 188
Index
in undifferentiated connective tissue disease [link]
see also hydroxychloroquine
anti-MDAS antibodies [link]
anti-Mi-2 antibodies [link]
anti-muscarinic M3 receptor antibodies [link]
anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) antibodies [link]
associated rheumatic conditions [link]
anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) [link], [link]
serology [link]
in vasculitis [link], [link], [link][link]
see also ANCA-associated vasculitis; ANCA test
anti-NMDA-receptor antibodies [link]
anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) [link], [link], [link], [link]
associated rheumatic conditions [link], [link], [link][link]
association with TNF inhibitors [link]
children [link]
in JIA [link], [link], [link]
in reactive arthritis [link]
in systemic sclerosis [link], [link]
juvenile disease [link]
in undifferentiated connective tissue disease [link], [link], [link]
in vasculitis [link], [link]
anti-nucleosome antibodies [link], [link]
anti-NXP-2 antibodies [link], [link]
anti-OJ antibodies [link]
antioxidants, in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
anti-phospholipid antibodies (APA) [link], [link], [link], [link]
and CVA [link]
detection [link]
nephropathy [link]
anti-phospholipid syndrome (APLS) [link], [link][link]
in childhood [link][link]
clinical features [link], [link][link]
pregnancy complications [link]
presentation [link]
thrombocytopenia [link]
thrombosis [link], [link][link]
vasculitis [link]
definition and classification criteria [link][link]
differential diagnosis [link][link]
Page 14 of 188
Index
epidemiology [link]
management [link], [link], [link]
of pregnancy [link], [link], [link][link]
pregnancy, drug therapy [link]
primary thromboprophylaxis [link][link]
prognosis [link]
anti-PL-7 antibodies [link]
anti-PL-12 antibodies [link]
anti-PmScl antibodies [link], [link], [link], [link]
anti-proteinase 3 (anti-PR3) antibodies [link]
anti-RNAP-III antibodies [link]
anti-RNA polymerase antibodies [link], [link]
anti-RNP antibodies [link]
anti-Ro antibodies [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
pregnancy [link], [link], [link][link]
anti-SAE antibodies [link]
anti-Scl 70 antibodies see anti-topoisomerase antibodies
anti-Sm antibodies [link], [link], [link], [link]
anti-SRP antibodies [link], [link]
anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titre [link]
anti-synthetase syndrome [link], [link], [link]
anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), in macrophage activation syndrome [link]
anti-thyroid antibodies, in undifferentiated connective tissue disease [link]
anti-TIF1- antibodies [link], [link]
anti-topoisomerase (ATA, anti-Scl 70) antibodies [link]
associated rheumatic conditions 85, [link][link]
anti-tRNA synthetases [link]
anti-tuberculous therapy [link]
in leprosy [link]
in TB [link]
anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy see tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors
anti-U1RNP antibodies [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
anti-Zo antibodies [link]
anxiety [link]
aortic surgery, in hypermobility syndromes [link][link]
aortic valve disease, rheumatic fever [link]
aortitis, in spondyloarthropathies [link]
APA see anti-phospholipid antibodies; anti-phospholipid syndrome
apatite-associated destructive arthropathy (Milwaukee shoulder) [link], [link][link]
APCs see antigen-presenting cells
Page 15 of 188
Index
apolipoprotein A1 amyloidosis [link], [link]
apophyseal avulsion fractures [link], [link]
apophyses [link]
apophysitis [link], [link]
apoptosis [link]
apremilast [link]
a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) [link], [link]
aquaporin-4 antibodies [link]
case history [link][link]
arachidonic acid metabolism, effects of glucocorticoids [link]
arm see upper limb
arm syndrome', rubella [link]
aromatase inhibitors, osteoporosis risk [link]
arrhythmias [link]
in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [link]
in juvenile systemic sclerosis [link]
in SLE [link]
arterial thrombosis, anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
arthritis
childhood disease, classification [link][link]
diagnosis [link][link]
IBD-associated [link]
in rheumatic fever [link][link]
see also monoarticular disease; oligoarthritis; osteoarthritis; polyarticular disease;
psoriatic arthritis; reactive arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis
arthritis mutilans [link]
Arthritis Research UK, information booklets [link]
Arthritis Self-Management Programme (ASMP) [link]
arthrocentesis
in monoarticular disease [link], [link]
technique [link]
arthrodesis [link], [link][link]
arthrography, CT [link][link]
antibiotic prophylaxis [link]
chronic osteomyelitis [link]
hip [link]
for femoral head necrosis [link]
knee [link], [link]
infection risk [link][link]
prosthetic joint infections [link][link]
fungal [link][link]
arthroscopy [link]
lavage and debridement [link]
ARTIS registry [link]
ARTS-1 (endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase) [link]
Page 16 of 188
Index
Ascaris infections [link]
ascites
causes [link]
in SLE [link]
ASO see anti-streptolysin O
aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [link]
aspergillus infections [link], [link]
osteoarticular [link]
pulmonary [link]
aspiration pneumonia [link], [link]
aspirin [link]
in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link][link]
pregnancy management [link][link]
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
in Kawasaki disease [link], [link]
perioperative use [link]
pharmacology [link]
during pregnancy and lactation [link][link]
ASPN [link]
asporin gene, role in osteoarthritis [link]
Aspreva Lupus Management Study (ALMS) [link]
Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS)
disease activity score (ASDAS) [link]
Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO), classification of avascular necrosis [link]
association studies [link][link]
asthma
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [link], [link], [link]
NSAID intolerance [link]
ATA see anti-topoisomerase antibodies
atacicept [link]
therosclerosis
in Behet's disease [link]
effects of glucocorticoids [link]
in juvenile rheumatic disease [link]
premature [link]
atlantoaxial joint
impaction [link]
subluxation [link], [link]
atrial fibrillation, bisphosphonate-associated [link]
Page 17 of 188
Index
atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini [link]
atrophy, dermal [link]
atypical mycobacterial infections [link]
autoantibodies [link], [link][link]
associated medical conditions [link], [link], [link][link], [link][link]
in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link][link], [link]
juvenile dermatomyositis [link], [link]
in juvenile SLE [link][link], [link]
mechanisms of production [link][link]
in mixed connective tissue disease [link]
in SLE [link], [link]
juvenile disease [link], [link]
in vasculitis [link][link]
see also serology
autoimmune diseases, epigenetic mechanisms [link]
autoimmune screens [link]
autoimmunity [link]
role of Th17 cells [link][link]
role of Th22 cells [link]
role of Tregs [link][link]
autoinflammatory diseases [link], [link]
periodic fever syndromes [link][link]
PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) [link]
Schnitzler's syndrome [link]
autologous blood injection, in lateral epicondylitis [link]
autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) [link]
autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, in AL amyloidosis [link]
autologous serum eye drops [link]
autologous stem cell transplantation [link]
in SLE [link]
automatic exposure control (ACE), computed tomography [link]
autonomic disorders
children [link]
in fibromyalgia [link]
in hypermobility syndromes [link], [link]
autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets [link], [link]
autosomal dominant osteopetrosis [link]
autosomal recessive hypophosphataemic rickets [link], [link]
avascular necrosis [link][link]
ARCO classification [link]
associated eponyms [link]
Page 18 of 188
Index
bone scintigraphy [link]
femoral condyle (Ahlbck's disease) [link]
femoral head [link][link], [link]
in Gaucher's disease [link]
glucocorticoid-associated [link]
humeral head [link][link]
juvenile osteochondrosis and osteonecrosis [link]
lunate malacia (Kienbck's disease) [link]
osteochondrosis dissecans [link][link]
osteonecrosis of the jaw [link], [link], [link]
risk factors [link]
in sickle cell disease [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
avocado soyabean unsaponifables (ASU) [link], [link], [link]
Avy mouse [link][link]
awareness-raising, S Factor Campaign [link]
axial spondyloarthritis
psoriatic arthritis [link], [link]
see also ankylosing spondylitis
Ayurvedic herbal medicine [link]
azathioprine [link][link]
adverse effects [link]
cardiovascular [link]
malignancy risk [link], [link], [link]
in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link], [link]
in Behet's disease [link], [link]
in Henoch-Schnlein purpura [link]
immunosuppressive dose [link]
in inflammatory bowel disease [link]
interaction with allopurinol [link]
in interstitial lung disease [link]
in juvenile dermatomyositis [link]
in juvenile SLE [link], [link]
monitoring [link]
in polymyalgia rheumatica [link]
in systemic rheumatoid vasculitis [link]
in Takayasu's arteritis [link]
thiopurine S-methyltransferase (PTMT) polymorphisms [link]
azithromycin, in reactive arthritis [link]
Page 19 of 188
Index
azoospermia, sulphasalazine-associated [link], [link]
B
Bacillus CalmetteGurin vaccine [link]
in immunocompromised patients [link]
innoculation sites, involvement in Kawasaki disease [link]
intravesical therapy, rheumatological side effects [link]
back pain [link][link]
assessment [link][link]
in children [link], [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
costs [link], [link]
differential diagnosis [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
heritability [link]
impact on work [link]
inflammatory features [link]
management [link][link], [link][link]
chiropractic manipulation [link][link]
osteopathy [link]
surgery [link][link]
patient information sources [link]
physical examination [link][link]
prevention [link]
red flags [link], [link], [link], [link]
spinal pathology [link][link]
yellow flags [link], [link]
red flags
see also spinal pain
bacterial infections
as trigger for vasculitis [link][link]
see also infections
BAFF/BLyS [link]
Baker's cyst [link], [link], [link]
ultrasound imaging [link]
balanitis [link]
ball and socket joints [link]
ballcatcher's (Norgaard) projection [link], [link]
balneotherapy [link]
bamboo' spine [link], [link]
BANK1 [link]
and systemic sclerosis [link], [link]
Bankart lesion [link]
Page 20 of 188
Index
Bannwarth syndrome [link], [link]
baricitinib [link], [link][link]
Barmah forest virus [link]
Barthel Index [link]
Bartter's syndrome [link]
basal ganglia calcification [link]
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) [link]
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) [link]
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) [link]
bazedoxifene [link]
B-cell dyscrasias, AL amyloidosis [link]
B-cell receptor signalling genes, association with SLE [link]
B cells [link], [link][link]
B1 and B2 lineages [link][link]
GC-dependent activation [link]
immune response [link], [link]
normal development [link], [link]
proinflammatory cytokine production [link]
role in animal arthritis models [link]
role in JIA [link]
role in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link], [link]
role in systemic sclerosis [link]
subsets, function and origin [link]
T cell-dependent activation [link][link]
as therapeutic target [link][link]
BCG see Bacillus CalmetteGurin vaccine
Becker muscular dystrophy [link], [link]
muscle biopsy findings [link]
Behet's disease [link], [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
cardiovascular disease risk [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
cardiopulmonary complications [link], [link][link]
eye involvement [link], [link][link]
gastrointestinal involvement [link]
musculoskeletal system [link]
neurological involvement [link], [link][link]
skin and mucosal involvement [link][link]
thrombosis [link]
diagnosis and investigations [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
genetics [link], [link][link]
genome-wide association studies [link]
Page 21 of 188
Index
management [link][link]
thalidomide [link]
pregnancy [link]
prognosis [link]
Beighton diagnostic criteria, joint hypermobility syndrome [link]
Beighton scoring system for hypermobility [link][link], [link]
beliefs
impact on disease outcome [link][link]
impact on work participation [link][link]
belimumab [link]
cost-effectiveness analysis [link], [link]
RCTs [link][link]
benign joint hypermobility syndrome [link]
benzbromarone [link]
2 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) [link]
2G1 antibodies, associated medical conditions [link]
2GPI [link]
2-microglobulin amyloidosis [link], [link][link]
-glucocerebrosidase deficiency, Gaucher's disease [link][link]
betamethasone
pharmacodynamics [link]
see also glucocorticoids
bevacizumab [link]
biarticular muscles [link]
bias, in RCTs [link]
biceps tendon lesions [link]
Biobadaser registry [link]
biochemical investigations [link]
calcium and bone chemistry [link][link]
of liver function [link][link]
of renal function [link][link]
synovial fluid chemistry [link][link]
biofilms [link]
biologics
anti-cytokines [link][link]
combination therapy [link]
efficacy [link]
guidelines for use [link]
monitoring [link]
precautions and contraindications [link]
properties [link]
safety [link][link]
effects on vaccine efficacy [link]
Page 22 of 188
Index
infection risk [link], [link][link]
intra-articular [link]
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link][link], [link]
ACR recommendations [link][link]
safety in children [link][link]
in SLE [link], [link][link]
see also tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors
biologics registries [link]
data on adverse events [link][link]
data on effectiveness of agents [link][link]
data on switching therapies [link][link]
establishment and management [link][link]
future developments [link]
overview [link]
similarities and differences [link]
biomarkers
of cartilage destruction [link][link]
National Institute of Health Osteoarthritis Initiative (NIH OAI) [link]
biomechanics
importance in rheumatological disease [link][link]
see also gait assessment
biotin, role in epigenetic events [link]
Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) [link]
birthweight
influence on bone mineral density [link]
and osteoarthritis [link]
and RA risk [link]
bisphosphonates [link], [link][link]
in cancer-induced bone loss [link]
in glucocorticoid-induced bone loss [link]
in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis [link][link]
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link][link]
in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) [link]
in osteoarthritis [link]
in osteogenesis imperfecta [link]
in Paget's disease of bone [link], [link][link]
in septic arthritis [link]
osteonecrosis of the jaw [link]
Page 23 of 188
Index
black flags [link]
bladder toxicity, cyclophosphamide [link][link]
Blastocystis spp. infections [link], [link]
blastomycosis [link][link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
risk factors for [link]
Blau's syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
bleomycin, scleroderma-like disease [link]
blepharitis, treatment [link]
blinding, RCTs [link]
blistering lesions, in SLE [link]
BLK [link]
and systemic sclerosis [link]
blood culture [link]
blood loss, management during surgery [link]
blood transfusions [link]
blood vessels
anatomy [link][link]
see also vascular biology
Blount's disease [link]
blue flags [link]
B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), role in SLE [link]
BMD see bone mineral density
BMPs see bone morphogenic proteins
body composition abnormalities, children [link], [link]
bone
effects of endocrine disorders [link][link]
effects of glucocorticoids [link][link], [link]
bone biopsy
in osteomalacia [link]
in renal osteodystrophy [link]
tumours [link]
bone cells [link][link]
bone composition [link][link]
bone defects, bridging methods [link], [link]
bone density disorders [link][link]
bone erosion, pathology [link], [link]
bone healing, computed tomography [link]
bone islands [link][link]
bone lesions, sarcoidosis [link]
bone marrow investigation [link]
bone marrow oedema [link][link], [link]
Page 24 of 188
Index
magnetic resonance imaging [link], [link]
bone marrow oedema syndrome (BMOS) [link][link], [link]
bone marrow transplantation, in juvenile SLE [link]
bone mass acrual, impact of childhood rheumatic disease [link]
bone mass monitoring [link]
bone matrix [link]
bone mineral density (BMD) [link][link]
monitoring [link]
bone mineralization [link]
bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) [link]
bone pain
causes [link]
in sickle cell disease [link][link]
bone remodelling [link][link]
bone resorption
mechanisms in RA [link][link]
secondary hyperparathyroidism [link]
bone scintigraphy [link][link]
in avascular necrosis [link]
bone tumours [link]
in brucellar arthritis [link], [link]
in children [link]
in osteoarticular infections [link], [link], [link]
in Paget's disease of bone [link], [link]
prosthetic joint infections [link]
in secondary hyperparathyroidism [link]
in SLE [link]
bone transplantation [link]
bone tumours [link][link]
bone-forming [link][link]
cartilage-forming [link][link]
computed tomography [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
fibre-forming [link]
non-matrix-producing [link]
presentation [link]
staging [link][link]
treatment [link]
bone turnover, biochemical investigations [link][link]
Page 25 of 188
Index
bony spurs [link], [link], [link]
Borrelia burgdorferi [link][link]
implication in localized scleroderma [link]
see also Lyme borreliosis
bortezomib, in AL amyloidosis [link]
bosentan, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link]
Bouchard's nodes [link]
boutonnire deformity [link], [link], [link]
bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome [link], [link]
bow legs, children [link]
brachalgia [link][link]
brachial radiculoneuropathy, rubella [link]
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) [link]
breast cancer risk, scleroderma [link]
breastfeeding
drug use
azathioprine [link]
biologics [link][link]
ciclosporin [link]
glucocorticoids [link], [link]
gold [link]
hydroxychloroquine [link]
leflunomide [link]
methotrexate [link]
NSAIDs [link]
rituximab [link]
brief intervention strategies, use with adolescents [link]
British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) score [link], [link]
British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (BSPAR), standards of care [link]
British Society for Rheumatology Rheumatoid Arthritis Register (BSRBR-RA) [link], [link]
bronchiectasis [link]
CT appearance [link]
treatment [link]
bronchiolitis [link]
treatment [link]
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) [link], [link]
bronchopneumonia [link]
bronchoscopy [link][link]
brown tumours, secondary hyperparathyroidism [link]
brucellar arthritis
general considerations [link]
peripheral joints [link]
sacroiliitis [link][link]
Page 26 of 188
Index
spondylitis [link], [link]
brucella species, general characteristics [link][link]
brucellosis
epidemiology [link]
general characteristics [link]
investigations [link][link]
prevention [link]
treatment [link]
bruising, in hypermobility syndromes [link]
thalassaemia [link]
BuddChiari syndrome [link], [link]
bulge sign', knee joint [link]
bullae [link]
bullous disorders, diagnosis [link]
bullous morphoea [link]
bullous pyoderma gangrenosum [link]
buprenorphine [link]
transdermal [link]
see also opioids
bursae [link], [link][link], [link][link]
heel [link][link]
iliopsoas bursitis [link]
intermetatarsal bursitis [link]
ischial (ischiogluteal) bursitis [link]
knee joint [link]
prepatellar and infrapatellar bursitis [link]
olecranon bursitis [link][link]
shoulder [link][link]
trochanteric bursitis [link]
buttock pain [link]
C
C1INH deficiency [link], [link], [link]
C3 glomerulopathy [link], [link]
C8orf13 [link]
c12orf30 [link], [link]
cadherins [link], [link]
Caffey's disease [link]
calcaneofibular ligament injuries [link]
calcidiol assays [link]
calcification of soft tissues, causes [link]
calcific tendonitis
hip [link]
rotator cuff [link][link]
calcimimetics, in renal osteodystrophy [link]
calcineurin inhibitors
and juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
Page 27 of 188
Index
nephrotoxicity [link]
calcinosis, in dermatomyositis [link], [link]
treatment [link]
calcinosis cutis [link]
diagnosis and management [link]
calciphylaxis [link]
calcipotriol, in localized scleroderma [link]
calcitonin [link]
calcitriol, in renal osteodystrophy [link]
calcium channel blockers, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link], [link]
calcium deficiency, bone loss [link]
calcium hydroxyapatite crystals, synovial fluid microscopy [link]
calcium hydroxyapatite deposition [link]
radiographic imaging [link][link]
calcium oxalate deposition [link]
calcium pyrophosphate crystals
synovial fluid microscopy [link], [link]
calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) [link][link]
case history [link]
polyarticular disease [link]
spinal involvement [link]
comorbidities
associated endocrine conditions [link], [link]
osteoarthritis [link], [link], [link]
definitions and classification criteria [link], [link]
epidemiology [link][link]
prevalence [link]
investigations
blood tests [link]
imaging [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
synovial fluid analysis [link], [link], [link]
management
of acute CPP crystal arthritis [link][link]
of chronic CCP crystal inflammatory arthritis [link][link]
of osteoarthritis with CPPD [link]
pathophysiology [link]
risk factors [link][link]
calcium regulation [link], [link]
biochemical investigations [link]
calcium supplementation [link]
Page 28 of 188
Index
in osteoporosis [link][link]
in renal osteodystrophy [link]
caloric restriction [link]
CalvLeggPerthes disease [link]
Calv's disease [link]
camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome [link]
campylobacter infection, reactive arthritis [link], [link]
CamuratiEngelmann disease (diaphyseal dysplasia) [link]
canakinumab
in acute gout [link]
in gout prophylaxis [link]
in periodic fever syndromes [link]
side effects in children [link]
cANCA antibodies, associated medical conditions [link]
cancer see malignancy
cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) [link][link]
cancer-induced bone loss [link]
candidal infections [link], [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
oral [link], [link]
osteoarticular [link]
candidate gene studies [link]
Caplan's syndrome [link][link]
capsaicin, in osteoarthritis [link]
capsaicin receptor [link]
capsule, synovial joints [link]
caput ulna syndrome [link]
surgical options [link]
carbamazepine [link]
in rheumatic chorea [link]
carbimazole, lupus-like syndrome [link][link]
CARD9 [link][link]
cardiac
cardiac catheterization [link]
cardiac disease
amyloidosis [link], [link]
treatment [link]
in Behet's syndrome [link]
sarcoidosis [link]
see also carditis; endocarditis; myocarditis
cardiac magnetic resonance imaging [link][link]
cardiac troponin T, in myositis [link]
cardiolipin [link]
Page 29 of 188
Index
cardiopulmonary investigations [link][link]
brain natriuretic peptide [link]
bronchoscopy [link][link]
cardiac catheterization [link]
cardiac MRI [link][link]
chest radiography [link][link]
echocardiography [link]
electrocardiography [link]
indications [link][link]
pulmonary function tests [link], [link]
rheumatological considerations [link]
troponins [link]
cardiovascular disease [link][link]
diagnosis [link], [link][link]
relationship to inflammation [link][link]
in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus [link][link]
risks associated with rheumatological conditions [link][link]
symptoms [link]
cardiovascular disease risk
in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link]
from COX-2 inhibitors [link][link], [link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link], [link], [link][link], [link]
in SLE [link]
from TNF blockade [link]
cardiovascular examination [link][link]
children [link]
carditis
Lyme borreliosis [link], [link], [link], [link]
in rheumatic fever [link], [link]
carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPTII) deficiency [link]
carotid artery aneurysms, in Behet's disease [link]
carpal tunnel
anatomy [link], [link], [link]
carpal tunnel syndrome [link], [link], [link]
in acromegaly [link]
clinical features [link]
neurophysiological studies [link][link]
Scheie's syndrome [link][link]
surgery [link]
Page 30 of 188
Index
carpet tack sign', discoid lupus [link]
carpometacarpal joint
anatomy [link]
carrying angle [link]
cartilage [link][link]
biochemistry and pathology in arthritis [link][link]
biology and metabolism [link][link]
embryology [link][link]
functional link to synovium [link]
general features [link]
imaging
radiography [link]
in osteoarthritis [link], [link]
spontaneous repair [link]
structure and function [link], [link]
zonal organization [link]
cartilage avulsion [link]
cartilage damage, biomechanical action [link]
cartilage destruction
in rheumatoid arthritis, pathogenesis [link][link]
role of fibroblasts [link], [link]
cartilage-forming tumours [link][link]
cartilage fragments, synovial fluid microscopy [link]
cartilagepannus junction (CPJ), pathology [link], [link], [link]
cartilage tears, knee joints [link], [link], [link]
lateral meniscus [link]
McMurray's sign [link]
medial meniscus [link]
casecontrol studies [link], [link][link]
case definition [link]
case fatality [link]
CASPAR criteria
association with enthesitis [link]
enthesitis [link]
Castlemann's disease [link]
cataracts, glucocorticoid-associated [link]
catastrophic APS [link]
catcher's crouch' syndrome, rubella [link]
catechol-O-methyltransferease gene, association with pain [link], [link]
Caterall classification, Perthes' disease [link]
cathepsin K (Cat-K) [link]
catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) [link]
Page 31 of 188
Index
prevention [link]
cauda equina syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
CCAL genes [link]
CCR5 [link], [link]
CD4+ T cells [link]
differentiation [link][link]
CD8+ T cells [link]
in macrophage activation syndrome [link]
role in JIA [link]
CD10 expression, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) [link]
CD20 [link]
CD34+ cells, in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis [link], [link]
CD40 [link]
CD68 macrophage suppression, effect on synovial pathology [link]
CD247 [link]
and systemic sclerosis [link]
CD248 [link]
celecoxib
cell differentiation, epigenetics [link][link]
cell therapy [link]
cellulitis [link]
central nervous system angiitis [link]
central retinal artery occlusion [link], [link]
central sensitization, in osteoarthritis [link], [link]
cerebrospinal fluid analysis [link]
certolizumab [link]
properties [link]
cervical canal stenosis [link][link]
cervical collars [link]
cervical myelopathy [link]
cervical rheumatoid spondylitis [link]
cervical spine
CPP deposition [link]
radiographic imaging [link], [link]
see also atlantoaxial joint
cervical stenosis [link]
cestode infections, treatment [link]
cevimeline
for dry eyes [link], [link]
Page 32 of 188
Index
in xerostomia [link]
CharcotMarieTooth disease [link]
Charcot's osteoarthropathy [link], [link]
Charlson Comorbidity index [link]
cheiroarthropathy, diabetes [link]
chemerin [link]
role in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
see also adipokines
chemical synovectomy [link]
chemotherapy
in AL amyloidosis [link][link]
for bone tumours [link], [link]
rheumatological side effects [link][link]
chest pain, investigation [link]
chest radiography [link][link]
chest wall, mobility assessment [link]
chikungunya virus [link]
Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) [link], [link]
Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS) [link], [link]
children
ANCA-associated vasculitis, treatment [link]
anti-phospholipid syndrome [link][link]
arthropathy, differential diagnosis [link], [link]
back pain [link], [link]
chronic musculoskeletal pain [link][link]
aetiological factors [link][link]
clinical features [link][link]
impact on child and family [link]
practice points [link]
classifications of rheumatic disease [link][link]
consequences of rheumatic diseases [link][link]
articular damage [link], [link]
disease activity [link][link]
extra-articular damage [link], [link]
functional problems [link]
mortality [link][link]
organ system damage [link], [link][link]
on quality of life [link]
societal problems [link]
dermatomyositis [link]
enthesial disorders [link]
epidemiology of rheumatic diseases [link][link]
eye symptoms [link][link]
Page 33 of 188
Index
fever of unknown origin [link][link]
growing pains [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
growth and development, interaction with rheumatic disease [link][link]
hip pain [link]
history and physical examination [link]
imaging [link][link]
advantages and disadvantages of different modalities [link]
clinical indications [link]
MRI [link][link]
radiography [link][link]
ultrasonography [link][link]
laboratory investigations [link]
limping [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
appearance of the child [link]
association with fever [link], [link][link]
extra-articular causes [link]
imaging [link]
laboratory investigations [link], [link]
localized scleroderma [link], [link], [link][link]
aetiopathogenesis [link][link]
associated conditions [link]
classification [link][link], [link]
disease course and prognosis [link]
disease monitoring [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
extracutaneous manifestations [link]
treatment [link]
lower limb development, normal variants [link]
lupus-like disorders [link]
metabolic bone disease [link][link]
high bone mass disorders [link], [link]
idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis [link][link]
osteogenesis imperfecta [link], [link]
osteomalacia and rickets [link][link]
monoarticular arthritis [link]
muscle weakness [link]
musculoskeletal assessment [link][link], [link][link], [link]
musculoskeletal conditions [link][link]
normal gait and musculoskeletal development [link]
osteoarticular infections [link][link]
Page 34 of 188
Index
case histories [link][link]
causative organisms [link][link], [link], [link], [link]
complications [link]
epidemiology [link]
immunocompromised patients [link][link]
investigations and diagnosis [link]
neonates [link]
pathophysiology [link], [link]
in sickle cell disease [link]
osteogenesis imperfecta [link][link]
outcome measures [link][link], [link][link], [link]
electronic applications [link][link]
usage and applicability [link]
general examination [link][link]
pGALS assessment [link][link]
pREMS assessment [link][link]
regional pain [link][link], [link]
elbow [link][link]
foot and ankle [link][link]
hip [link]
knee [link][link]
lower leg [link]
shoulder [link]
wrist and hand [link][link]
safety of biologics [link][link]
short stature [link]
specific issues [link][link]
spectrum of rheumatic disease [link]
systemic illness [link][link]
connective tissue disorders [link][link]
Kawasaki disease [link], [link]
Kikuchi's disease [link]
macrophage activation syndrome [link]
malignancy [link]
primary systemic vasculitides [link][link]
sarcoidosis [link][link]
sJIA [link][link]
vaccination in immunocompromised patients [link][link], [link]
vasculitis [link][link]
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Index
ANCA-associated [link][link]
classification [link], [link]
Henoch-Schnlein purpura [link][link]
Kawasaki disease [link][link], [link]
polyarteritis nodosa [link][link]
Takayasu's arteritis [link], [link]
see also adolescents; juvenile dermatomyositis; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; juvenile
systemic lupus erythematosus; juvenile systemic sclerosis
chiropractic spinal manipulation [link][link]
Chlamydia spp. infection [link], [link], [link]
microbiological investigations [link]
treatment [link]
chlorambucil [link]
chloroquine [link]
chondroblastoma [link]
chondrocalcinosis [link], [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
definition [link]
familial [link]
in haemochromatosis [link], [link]
prevalence by age and gender [link]
radiography [link]
chondrocyte gene expression, changes in osteoarthritis [link][link]
chondrocytes [link]
autologous implantation (ACI) [link]
functions [link], [link]
chondrodyplasias [link][link]
chondroitin [link], [link], [link]
chondrosarcoma [link]
computed tomography [link], [link]
incidence [link]
see also bone tumours
chordoma [link]
chorea
rheumatic fever [link], [link]
chorioretinitis
in SLE [link]
see also posterior uveitis; uveitis
choroidal infarcts [link]
chromosomes [link]
chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature
(CANDLE) syndrome [link], [link]
chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) [link]
Page 36 of 188
Index
chronic fatigue syndrome [link]
chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) [link]
chronic idiopathic pain syndrome [link]
chronic infantile neurological, cutaneous, and articular syndrome (CINCA/NOMID) [link], 110,
[link]
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) [link], [link]
chronic kidney disease (CKD) [link][link]
definitions [link]
diagnostic approach [link], [link]
extraskeletal calcification [link], [link][link]
osteoporosis [link]
stages [link]
see also renal dysfunction; renal osteodystrophy
chronic musculoskeletal pain, children [link][link]
aetiological factors [link][link]
associated symptoms and signs [link]
impact on child and family [link]
practice points [link]
chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain syndrome (fibromyalgia) [link], [link]
see also fibromyalgia
chrysiasis [link]
ChurgStrauss syndrome see eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
ciclosporin [link][link]
adverse effects
cardiovascular [link], [link]
on fertility [link]
malignancy risk [link]
in inflammatory bowel disease [link]
monitoring [link]
in SLE [link][link]
topical, in Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link]
CiernyMader staging, osteomyelitis [link], [link]
cinacalcet [link]
Page 37 of 188
Index
ciprofloxacin, in reactive arthritis [link]
circadian rhythms, hormones and cytokines [link][link]
circumscribed morphoea [link], [link]
Clarke's test [link]
CLEC16A [link]
cleidocranial syndrome [link]
Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) [link], [link]
clinical presentations
in elderly patients [link]
monoarthritis [link][link]
oligoarthritis [link][link]
polyarthritis [link][link]
shoulder/arm pain [link][link]
clinical trials [link]
phases [link][link]
see also randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
clodronate
clofazimine [link]
clonal expansion and contraction [link]
close-packed position, synovial joints [link]
clostridia, osteoarticular infections [link]
clubbing [link], [link]
clubfoot (congenital talipes equinovarus) [link]
coagulation disorders [link]
cocaine-induced vasculitis [link]
coccidioidomycosis [link][link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
codeine [link][link]
see also opioids
codfish' vertebrae [link]
Codman's triangle [link]
coeliac disease [link], [link]
COG6 [link]
Cogan's syndrome [link], [link][link]
cognate T cellB cell interaction [link]
cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) [link]
in fatigue [link]
cohort studies [link], [link]
Page 38 of 188
Index
COL6A4P [link]
COL11A1 [link]
colchicine
in amyloidosis [link]
in CCP [link]
in erythema nodosum [link]
in gout prophylaxis [link]
in Sweet's syndrome [link]
cold panniculitis [link]
colitis
collagenous and lymphocytic [link]
gold-induced [link]
see also inflammatory bowel disease
collagen
in bone matrix [link]
in cartilage [link], [link], [link]
degradation in osteoarthritis [link], [link]
in systemic sclerosis [link][link]
type II collagenopathies [link][link]
collagen gene mutations [link]
collagenous colitis [link]
collagen-related genes, association with osteoarthritis [link], [link]
collateral ligaments
injuries [link], [link]
knee stability assessment [link]
colorectal cancer, risk in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
colour Doppler sonography, in large-vessel vasculitis [link]
combination therapies, in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
comedones [link]
commensal bacteria, containment by immune system [link]
common disease, common variant' hypothesis [link][link]
comorbidities
burden in daily life [link]
elderly patients [link][link]
impact on patient care [link]
impact on work participation [link]
mortality as consequence [link]
review and management [link][link]
in rheumatoid arthritis
cancer [link]
cardiovascular disease [link][link], [link]
Page 39 of 188
Index
infections [link]
osteoporosis [link][link]
outcomes [link]
pulmonary disease [link][link]
comorbidity indices [link]
comparator cohorts, biologics registries [link]
complement activation [link]
complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) [link][link], [link]
in back pain [link]
complement components
in acute kidney injury [link]
deficiency in SLE [link]
in synovial fluid [link]
complement deficiency [link], [link]
complement system
biology [link][link]
hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome [link][link]
therapeutic manipulation [link]
complex regional pain syndrome [link]
in children [link], [link][link], [link]
Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI) [link]
compound action potentials (CAPs) [link]
temporal dispersion [link]
compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) [link]
computed tomography (CT) [link]
arthrography [link][link]
of avascular necrosis [link]
bone tumours [link][link], [link]
in children [link], [link][link]
in crystal arthritides, gout [link]
dual energy [link]
guidance of interventional procedures [link][link], [link]
images [link][link]
metalwork assessment [link][link]
in osteoarticular infections [link], [link]
in pulmonary disease [link][link]
radiation dose [link]
spinal assessment [link][link]
in tarsal coalition [link], [link]
in trauma [link][link]
Page 40 of 188
Index
computerized skin score (CSS) [link]
COMT, association with pain [link], [link]
conditioning, HSCT [link]
conduction block [link]
conduction velocity measurement [link][link]
condyloid joints [link]
confidentiality, in transitional care [link]
congenital contractile arachnodactyly [link]
congenital heart block, neonatal lupus syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) [link]
conjunctival cytology [link]
conjunctivitis, in reactive arthritis [link]
connective tissue disorders
association with coeliac disease [link]
pulmonary complications [link][link]
diagnosis [link]
differentiation from RA [link][link]
environmental factors [link][link]
genetics
genes specific to lymphocyte function [link]
genetics of complement deficiency [link]
genome-wide association studies [link], [link]
interferon response genes [link]
MHC associations [link][link]
of phagocytosis and immune complex processing [link]
mouse models [link][link]
nailfold capillary microscopy [link][link]
pregnancy [link][link]
radiographic imaging [link]
screening for lung disease [link]
ultrasound imaging [link][link]
see also anti-phospholipid syndrome; inflammatory myositis; mixed connective tissue
disease; overlap syndrome; scleroderma; Sjgren's syndrome; systemic lupus
erythematosus; systemic sclerosis; undifferentiated connective tissue disease
connective tissue function, biomechanical action [link]
constipation
contrast agents, gadolinium see gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA)
Coomb's test [link]
COPCORD programme [link]
coping strategies [link]
core decompression, femoral head [link]
corneal clouding, Fabry's disease [link]
Page 41 of 188
Index
coronary artery disease
symptoms [link]
coronary calcification scoring [link][link]
cortical bone [link], [link]
corticosteroids see glucocorticoids
cortisol
cortisol levels [link][link]
cortisone
cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) [link]
costimulation, T cells and antigen-presenting cells [link]
cost-of-illness evaluation methods [link][link]
costs of rheumatic diseases [link][link]
cost-utility analysis (CUA) [link]
cough [link]
investigation [link]
coupling, osteoclasts and osteoblasts [link][link]
COX inhibitors see cyclooxygenase inhibitors
coxsackievirus infections, arthritis [link]
CpG dinucleotide methylation [link]
CPPD see calcium pyrophosphate deposition
cranial neuropathy
in familial amyloid polyneuropathy [link]
in non-inflammatory myopathies [link]
C-reactive protein (CRP)
association with ischaemic heart disease [link]
in monoarticular disease [link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
creatine kinase (CK)
causes of elevated levels [link], [link]
in non-inflammatory myopathies [link][link]
creatine supplementation [link]
creatinine levels [link], [link]
crepitus [link][link], [link]
elicitation [link][link]
Page 42 of 188
Index
crescentic glomerulonephritis [link]
Crohn's disease [link][link]
differentiation from Behet's disease [link]
enteropathic arthropathy [link][link]
cross-sectional studies [link]
crowned dens' syndrome [link]
cruciate ligaments
ACL [link]
injuries [link], [link], [link]
knee stability assessment [link]
crunching noises [link]
cruralgia [link]
crusts [link]
cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis [link], [link][link]
cryoglobulins
cryopyrin (NALP3) [link]
cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome (CAPS) [link], [link], [link]
cryotherapy [link]
cryptococcosis [link], [link]
osteoarticular infections [link]
cryptosporidiosis [link], [link]
crystal arthritis
imaging
MRI [link]
radiography [link], [link][link]
ultrasound [link][link], [link]
polyarticular disease [link][link]
synovial fluid microscopy [link], [link]
see also calcium pyrophosphate deposition; gout
crystal deposition in osteoarthritis [link][link]
prognosis [link]
crystals, synovial fluid microscopy [link][link]
CTD regimen (cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone), in AL amyloidosis
[link][link]
C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) [link]
CTGF [link]
CTLA4 [link]
cubital tunnel syndrome [link], [link][link]
cumulative incidence [link]
Page 43 of 188
Index
curly toes [link]
Cushing's syndrome [link]
secondary osteoporosis [link]
cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa [link], [link]
cutometer [link]
CXC12 [link]
cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production, effects of glucocorticoids [link]
cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors
cardiovascular effects [link], [link][link]
future developments [link]
mode of action
analgesia [link][link]
biochemical basis [link]
paracetamol [link][link]
during pregnancy [link]
side effects
of COX-1 inhibition [link]
of COX-2 inhibition [link][link]
see also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
cyclophosphamide [link][link]
infection risk [link], [link]
infertility [link], [link], [link]
malignancy risk [link], [link], [link][link]
in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link], [link][link], [link][link], [link], [link]
in interstitial lung disease [link], [link]
in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis [link]
in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [link]
in systemic rheumatoid vasculitis [link]
in Takayasu's arteritis [link], [link]
cyclosporine [link]
CYP2D6 [link]
cystatin C amyloidosis [link]
cystic TB [link]
cysts
Page 44 of 188
Index
of bone [link]
of skin [link]
cytochrome P450, associated drug interactions [link]
cytokines
role in SLE [link][link], [link]
synovial [link]
see also B lymphocyte stimulator; interferons; interleukins
cytology, conjunctival [link]
cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection [link]
arthritis [link]
associated vasculitis [link]
prevention [link]
retinitis [link]
cytophagocytic mononuclear cells (CPM), in synovial fluid [link]
cytoplasmic staining, ANA [link]
cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) [link]
D
d-penicillamine (DPA) [link]
monitoring [link]
side effects [link], [link]
daclizumab [link]
dactylitis
foot [link]
in psoriatic arthritis [link], [link]
damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) [link]
danazol [link]
DANBIO registry [link]
dapsone [link], [link]
databases, epidemiological [link]
deacetylation of histones [link]
dead arm syndrome', shoulder instability [link][link]
debridement, in chronic osteomyelitis [link]
decompression, spinal [link]
De Cuvelan's disease [link]
deep friction massage, in lateral epicondylitis [link]
deep vein thrombosis (DVT), anti-phospholipid syndrome [link][link]
defensins [link]
deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA) [link], [link]
deficiency of the IL-36 receptor antagonist (DITRA) [link], [link]
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in SLE [link]
delirium (acute confusional state) [link][link]
dementia [link]
demyelination
Page 45 of 188
Index
association with TNF inhibitors [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
dendritic cells (DCs) [link], [link]
differentiation, role of B cells [link]
role in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link], [link]
denosumab [link], [link], [link][link]
dental health, in Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link]
5-aza-2-deoxycytidine [link]
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [link]
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) [link], [link]
methylation [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
and ageing [link][link]
dietary influences [link]
inhibition of [link]
and osteoarthritis [link]
and rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link], [link]
see also epigenetic mechanisms
deoxyspergualin (Gusperimus) [link][link]
depression [link][link], [link]
elderly patients [link]
in SLE [link]
de Quervain's tenosynovitis [link], [link][link]
dermatitis herpetiformis [link]
dermatology see skin
dermatomes [link]
dermatomyositis [link], [link], [link][link], [link], [link][link]
clinical assessment [link]
clinical features [link], [link][link], [link]
malignancy risk [link], [link], [link]
malignancy screening [link], [link][link]
panniculitis [link]
pulmonary complications [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
diagnostic criteria [link]
DPA-induced [link]
epidemiology [link]
HLA associations [link]
investigations [link][link], [link][link]
muscle biopsy findings [link][link], [link]
juvenile see juvenile dermatomyositis
management [link]
pulmonary complications [link]
Page 46 of 188
Index
treatment failure [link]
myositis outcome matrix [link]
pathogenesis [link], [link]
pregnancy [link]
drug therapy [link]
risk factors [link]
descending noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) [link]
desert rheumatism' [link]
Devic's syndrome (neuromyelitis optica) [link]
devil's claw [link]
dexamethasone
diabetes mellitus
association with gout [link]
Dupuytren's contracture [link]
glucocorticoid-associated [link]
muscle infarction [link]
rheumatological manifestations [link][link], [link]
diabetic amyotrophy [link]
diabetic nephropathy [link]
diacerhein [link], [link]
dialysis-related amyloidosis (2-microglobulin amyloidosis) [link], [link][link]
diamorphine [link]
see also opioids
diaphyseal aclasia (multiple hereditary exostoses) [link], [link]
diaphyseal dysplasia (CamuratiEngelmann disease) [link]
diaphysis [link]
diarrhoea
causes [link]
drug-related
azathioprine [link]
leflunomide [link], [link]
diarthrodial joints [link]
diastrophic dysplasia [link]
diclofenac
pharmacology [link], [link]
diet [link][link]
and gout [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
nutritional support [link]
obesity, role in osteoarthritis [link]
and rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link][link]
Page 47 of 188
Index
role in epigenetic events [link][link]
and SLE [link], [link], [link]
vitamin D [link]
dietary supplements [link]
see also vitamin D supplementation
Dietrich's disease [link]
diffuse alveolar haemorrhage [link], [link]
diffuse idiopathic pain (DIPs)
diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) [link], [link][link], [link], [link], [link][link]
diffuse systemic sclerosis [link]
diflunisal [link]
digital pitting [link]
digital subtraction angiography (DSA) [link][link]
digital ulceration [link]
dihydrocodeine [link]
see also opioids
diltiazem, in juvenile dermatomyositis [link]
dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) [link]
dipyridamole, combination with glucocorticoids [link]
Dirofilaria infections [link]
disability
outcome measures [link]
psychological impact [link][link]
Disability Index, CHAQ [link][link]
discectomy [link]
disc herniation [link]
in children [link]
phsical examination [link]
discitis (vertebral osteomyelitis) [link], [link]
in children
treatment [link]
magnetic resonance imaging [link]
management [link]
discogenic pain [link][link]
discography [link], [link]
discoid lateral meniscus [link][link]
discoid lupus [link]
disc replacement surgery [link], [link]
Page 48 of 188
Index
disease activity, in childhood rheumatic conditions [link][link]
disease activity indices (DAIs)
Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) [link]
Disease Activity Index for Reactive Arthritis (DAREA) [link]
systemic lupus erythematosus [link]
disease activity monitoring, use of ultrasound [link]
Disease Activity Score (DAS28) [link], [link], [link], [link]
disease classification [link][link]
disease duration [link]
disease measures [link]
disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) [link][link]
adverse events
effects on vaccine efficacy [link][link]
in ankylosing spondylitis [link], [link]
early intervention [link][link]
effect on endothelial function [link], [link]
effects on outcome measures [link][link], [link]
in enteropathic arthritis [link]
immunosuppressive doses [link], [link]
monitoring [link][link]
liver function assessment [link]
overtreatment [link]
perioperative use [link][link], [link]
RCT design [link][link]
in rheumatoid arthritis, monotherapy vs combination therapy [link][link]
in SLE [link][link]
see also azathioprine; chlorambucil; ciclosporin; cyclophosphamide; d-penicillamine;
gold; hydroxychloroquine; leflunomide; methotrexate; minocycline; mycophenolate
mofetil; sulphasalazine; thalidomide
disease status measures, in paediatric disease [link][link]
disfigurement, psychological impact [link]
dislocations
acromioclavicular joint [link]
patella [link]
shoulder joint [link]
disproportion principle [link][link], [link]
disseminated interstitial lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) [link]
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) [link]
distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN) [link]
distal motor latency (DML) [link]
Page 49 of 188
Index
disuse, secondary osteoporosis [link]
diuretics, association with gout [link]
DM1 (myotonic dystrophy, Steinhert's disease) [link][link]
DM2 (proximal myotonic myopathy) [link]
DO12 [link]
dolorimeter (palpometer) [link][link]
Doppler ultrasound [link]
dotdash' pattern [link]
double contour' sign, gout [link], [link], [link]
double support phase [link]
doxercalciferol, in renal osteodystrophy [link]
doxycycline, in reactive arthritis [link]
Dracunculus infections [link]
DREAM registry [link]
drug development, clinical trials [link][link]
drug interactions
allopurinol [link]
azathioprine [link], [link]
ciclosporin [link]
colchicine [link]
cytochrome P450-associated [link]
leflunomide [link]
methotrexate [link]
drug monitoring, role of rheumatology nurse specialists [link]
drug reactions [link]
liver injury [link], [link][link]
lupus-like [link], [link][link]
in children [link]
myositis [link]
skin eruptions [link], [link][link], [link]
Sweet's syndrome [link]
tubular injury [link][link]
vasculitis [link], [link]
ANCA-associated [link]
see also side effects of medication
dry eyes [link][link]
in Sjgren's syndrome [link][link]
disease assessment [link]
symptoms and signs [link]
tear film pathology [link]
Page 50 of 188
Index
dual energy CT (DECT) [link]
in gout [link]
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [link], [link][link]
dual von Willebrand factor A (DVWA, COL6A4P) [link]
Duchenne muscular dystrophy [link][link]
duloxetine [link]
Dupuytren's contracture [link][link], [link]
dural sinus thrombosis [link], [link]
dynamic contrast (DCE) MRI [link][link]
dynamometers [link]
dysaesthesiae [link]
dysferlin, genetic deficiency [link]
dysfunctional states [link]
dyslipidaemia, in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
dysostosis multiplex [link], [link]
dyspareunia [link]
dysphagia
in dermatomyositis [link]
dysphasia [link]
dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (Trevor's disease) [link]
dyspnoea
heart disease [link]
respiratory causes [link]
dystrophinopathies [link][link]
E
ear, nose and throat examination [link]
children [link]
early-onset familial Paget's disease [link], [link]
eburnation crepitus [link][link]
eccentric contraction [link]
eccentric exercises [link]
Echinococcus infections [link]
echocardiography [link]
echovirus 9 infection [link]
ectopia lentis syndrome [link]
ectopic discharges, role in nociception [link][link]
eculizumab [link]
edge artefact, ultrasound imaging [link]
Edmonton criteria, juvenile psoriatic arthritis [link]
education
Page 51 of 188
Index
impact of childhood rheumatic disease [link][link], [link]
see also patient education; training
effector T cells, role in JIA [link]
effect size, genetic variants [link]
effusions, knee joint [link]
EhlersDanlos syndrome [link], [link][link]
cardiovascular disorders [link][link]
dislocation and subluxation [link]
epidemiology [link]
osteopenia [link]
pregnancy [link]
skin signs [link][link]
elbow joint [link][link]
CT arthrography [link]
disorders of
inflammatory polyarthritis [link]
lateral epicondylopathy (tennis elbow') [link][link]
medial epicondylitis [link]
olecranon bursitis [link][link]
ulnar neuropathy [link][link]
varus deformity [link]
physical examination [link], [link], [link]
in children [link]
structure and function [link]
elbow pain
in children [link][link], [link]
elderly patients [link][link]
ANCA-associated vasculitis, treatment [link]
clinical presentations [link]
depression, delirium, and dementia [link][link]
functional and social problems [link]
multiple comorbidities [link][link]
differences in disease [link]
drug therapy [link]
epidemiology of rheumatic diseases [link]
frailty [link][link]
sarcopenia [link]
electrocardiography [link]
in rheumatic fever [link], [link]
electromagnetic therapy [link]
electromyography (EMG) [link], [link][link], [link]
Page 52 of 188
Index
in children [link]
in gait analysis [link]
electroneurography [link]
ellipsoid joints [link]
embryogenesis, epigenetics [link]
embryology
of cartilage [link][link]
of muscle [link]
employment, impact of rheumatic disease [link]
empty can test [link], [link]
enchondromas [link], [link]
enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease) [link]
en coup de sabre' appearance [link], [link], [link], [link]
endocardial disease, in SLE [link]
endocarditis see infective endocarditis
endochondral ossification [link], [link][link]
endocrine disorders [link][link], [link][link]
associated diseases of supporting adnexa [link][link]
circadian rhythms of hormones and cytokines [link][link]
effects on bones [link][link]
effects on joints [link][link]
effects on muscles [link][link]
fat deposits adjacent to inflamed tissue [link][link]
hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance [link]
hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal axis activation [link][link]
hypothalamicpituitarygonadal axis inhibition [link]
prolactin levels [link]
sympathetic nervous system activation [link]
see also Cushing's syndrome; diabetes mellitus; hyperparathyroidism; hyperthyroidism;
hypothyroidism
end-organ damage [link]
endosteal hyperostosis [link]
endothelial dysfunction [link]
endothelin antagonists, in interstitial lung disease [link]
endothelium, vascular [link]
effect of drugs [link][link]
reactions with APA [link]
energy metabolism, muscles [link][link]
energy regulation [link]
enhanced recovery programme (ERP) surgery [link]
enostoses [link][link]
Entamoeba histolytica infections [link]
enteropathic arthropathy [link]
Page 53 of 188
Index
in coeliac disease [link]
in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis [link][link]
in pouchitis [link]
Whipple's disease [link][link]
enthesis organ concept [link][link]
enthesitis [link][link], [link]
assessment [link]
clinical scoring methods [link]
in classification criteria [link], [link]
foot [link]
definition [link]
epidemiology [link]
imaging [link][link]
ultrasound [link], [link]
pathology and histopathology [link]
enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
enthesitis-related arthritis JIA subtype [link], [link]
genetic associations [link]
enthesopathy
definition [link]
enthesophytes [link], [link], [link], [link]
entrapment neuropathies [link]
foot [link]
see also carpal tunnel syndrome; tarsal tunnel syndrome
environmental influences
in connective tissue disorders [link][link]
exposome [link][link]
geneenvironment interactions [link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link][link]
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques [link][link]
enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)
Page 54 of 188
Index
in Fabry's disease [link]
in Gaucher's disease [link]
in mucopolysaccharidoses [link]
eosinophilia [link]
gold-associated [link]
parasitic infections [link]
eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) [link]
eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman's syndrome) [link], [link], [link]
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, ChurgStrauss syndrome) [link], [link]
in children [link]
classification criteria [link], [link], [link]
eye symptoms [link]
intestinal tract involvement [link]
organ involvements [link]
pathogenesis [link], [link], [link], [link]
pregnancy [link]
refractory disease [link]
see also ANCA-associated vasculitis
eosinophils [link]
ephapses [link][link]
epidemic polyarthritis (Ross River virus) [link][link]
epidemiological studies [link]
use and abuse of results [link]
of childhood rheumatic diseases [link][link]
describing the occurrence of disease
disease duration [link]
incidence [link]
prevalence [link][link]
studies of incidence and prevalence [link]
disease classification [link][link]
of enthesitis [link]
of monoarticular disease [link]
of oligoarthritis [link][link]
pain and fatigue [link]
pharmacoepidemiology [link]
Page 55 of 188
Index
relative disease frequencies [link][link]
of spondyloarthropathies [link]
epidural abscess [link]
epidural injections [link]
and acquisition of RASF phenotype [link]
and ageing [link][link]
in autoimmune diseases [link], [link]
in cancer [link]
in cardiovascular disease [link][link]
in cell differentiation [link][link]
changes in fibroblasts [link]
in embryogenesis [link]
and gender differences [link]
molecular basis [link][link], [link]
in osteoarthritis [link], [link], [link][link]
in osteoporosis [link]
and psychiatric diseases [link]
epigenetic therapies [link][link], [link]
epilepsy, in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
epiphyseal dysplasias [link][link]
epiphyses [link][link], [link], [link]
episcleritis [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
episode incidence [link]
epithelial cells, barrier function [link]
epratuzumab
EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) [link]
arthritis [link]
role in SLE pathogenesis [link]
ERAP1 (ARTS1) [link]
and reactive arthritis [link]
ergonomic changes, work-related intervention [link]
erosions [link]
in classification of RA [link][link]
imaging
MRI [link], [link][link]
radiography [link][link], [link]
ultrasound [link][link]
erosive (inflammatory') osteoarthritis [link], [link]
Page 56 of 188
Index
erythema elevatum diutinum [link][link]
erythema induratum Bazin [link][link]
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) [link][link], [link]
erythema marginatum [link]
erythema migrans (EM) [link], [link], [link]
treatment [link]
erythema multiforme [link]
erythema nodosum [link], [link][link], [link]
aetiological factors [link]
and Behet's disease [link][link]
histology [link]
erythema nodosum leprosum [link]
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
in occult malignancy [link]
erythrodermic psoriasis [link]
erythroid expansion, thalassaemia [link]
erythropoietin (EPO), in anaemia of chronic disease [link]
ESR1 [link]
established patient model [link]
etanercept
cost-effectiveness analysis [link][link]
in enthesitis [link]
in periodic fever syndromes [link], [link]
properties [link]
in children [link]
Page 57 of 188
Index
in uveitis [link]
etidronate [link]
etodolac, in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
etoposide, in macrophage activation syndrome [link]
etoricoxib, pharmacology [link][link]
European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) [link]
European League against Rheumatism (EULAR)
classification criteria for RA [link], [link]
Sjgren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) [link]
Sjgren's Syndrome Patient-Reported Index (ESSPRI) [link], [link][link]
European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) criteria, enthesitis [link], [link]
EuroQol (EQ-5D) [link]
scores in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
Evans' syndrome [link]
evolution, selection pressure for CARDS [link]
Ewing's sarcoma [link]
incidence [link]
treatment [link]
exclusion diets, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
exercise [link], [link]
in back pain [link]
effect on bone mineral density [link]
muscle responses [link][link]
muscular fatigue [link]
osteoarthritis risk [link]
physiotherapy [link]
exons [link], [link]
exostoses, diaphyseal aclasia (multiple hereditary exostoses) [link], [link]
expansile skeletal hyperplasia [link], [link]
expert patients [link]
exposome [link][link]
extended oligoarticular JIA [link], [link]
extension [link]
extracellular matrix (ECM) [link]
homeostasis, role of fibroblasts [link]
extracellular microorganisms, immune defences [link]
extracorporeal shockwave therapy
Page 58 of 188
Index
in tendinopathy [link]
eyes, examination of [link][link]
in children [link]
associated rheumatic disorders [link][link]
management [link]
in childhood rheumatic conditions [link][link]
children [link]
dry eyes [link][link]
episcleritis [link]
in granulomatosis with polyangiitis [link]
optic neuropathy [link]
painful red eye, differential diagnosis [link]
retinal vasculitis and posterior uveitis [link]
sarcoidosis [link]
scleritis [link]
side effects of medication [link][link]
in SLE [link]
sudden visual loss, differential diagnosis [link]
treatment [link]
see also anterior uveitis; uveitis
F
Fabry's disease [link][link]
facet joint injection [link], [link]
facet joint osteoarthritis [link], [link]
factitial panniculitis [link]
fallen leaf' sign, unicameral bone cysts [link]
familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy [link], [link]
familial calcium pyrophosphate disease [link]
familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS) [link], [link]
familial expansile osteolysis [link], [link]
familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) [link]
Page 59 of 188
Index
familial high bone mass [link]
familial hydroxyapatite deposition disease [link]
familial lumbar stenosis [link]
familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) [link], [link], [link], [link]
key features [link]
familial thoracic aortic aneurysm syndrome [link]
family history [link]
Fanconi's syndrome [link]
Farber's disease [link]
Farr assay [link]
fascia, anatomy [link][link]
fasciitis, cancer-associated fasciitis panniculitis syndrome [link]
Fasciola infections [link]
fascioscapular humeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) [link], [link]
fatigue [link][link]
causal mechanisms [link]
definition [link]
epidemiology [link]
in heart disease [link]
management [link], [link]
measures of [link]
muscular, physiology [link]
psychological impact [link]
assessment [link]
in SLE [link]
fat pad impingement (Hoffa's syndrome) [link]
fat suppression techniques, magnetic resonance imaging [link], [link]
fat tissue, deposition adjacent to inflamed tissue [link][link]
fatty acid oxidation disorders [link]
FBN1 gene mutations [link]
FCGR genes [link]
and SLE [link]
18 F-FDG PET/CT see positron emission tomography
fear avoidance, back pain [link]
febuxostat [link][link]
trials in gout [link]
feet see foot
Felty's syndrome [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
femoral condyle osteonecrosis (Ahlbck's disease) [link]
femoral head, juvenile osteochondrosis (Perthes' disease) [link]
Page 60 of 188
Index
femoral head necrosis [link][link]
sickle cell disease [link]
femoral neckshaft angle abnormalities [link]
femoral neuropathy (diabetic amyotrophy) [link]
femoral shaft fractures, bisphosphonate-associated [link]
femoral stretch test [link], [link]
femoroacetabular impingement (FIA) [link], [link]
fentanyl [link]
see also opioids
ferritin
hyperferritinaemia [link], [link]
fertility [link]
in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link][link]
effects of drugs
ciclosporin [link]
cyclophosphamide [link], [link]
leflunomide [link]
methotrexate [link]
NSAIDs [link]
in SLE [link][link]
see also infertility
fever
in children
the limping child [link], [link][link]
periodic fever syndromes [link]
systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link][link]
in SLE [link]
fever of unknown origin (FUO) [link]
giant cell arteritis [link]
imaging [link]
respiratory investigation [link][link]
see also systemic illness
FG23, tumour-induced osteomalacia [link]
fibre-forming bone tumours [link]
fibrillarin antibodies, associated medical conditions [link]
fibrillin-1, in Marfan's syndrome [link]
Page 61 of 188
Index
fibrinogen A -chain amyloidosis [link], [link]
fibroblast differentiation, epigenetic mechanisms [link], [link][link]
fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 [link], [link], [link]
disorders of [link]
fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
fibroblasts [link][link]
epigenetic regulation [link]
functions
extracellular matrix homeostasis [link]
in immunity [link][link]
wound healing and tissue repair [link]
migration [link]
origin in tissues [link]
RASFs (RA synovial fibroblasts) [link][link], [link], [link], [link]
adipokine production [link]
response to inflammation [link]
role in cartilage destruction [link], [link]
as therapeutic target [link][link]
fibrocartilaginous joints [link], [link], [link]
fibrocytes [link]
fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) [link][link]
fibromyalgia (chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain syndrome) [link], [link], [link][link]
pain processing [link]
case history [link]
pain [link], [link]
tender points [link]
comorbidities
HIV infection [link]
SLE [link]
distinction from enthesitis [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
analgesia [link], [link]
of fatigue [link]
massage therapy [link]
prognosis and monitoring [link]
see also juvenile fibromyalgia
fibrosarcoma [link]
fibrosis, in systemic sclerosis [link][link], [link]
Page 62 of 188
Index
fibrositis [link]
fibrous dysplasia [link], [link]
fibrous joints [link], [link], [link]
ficolins [link]
fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) [link]
filariasis [link], [link]
finger extension lag, differential diagnosis [link]
fingers, trigger digit [link], [link], [link]
Finkelstein's test [link], [link]
first in human' studies [link]
first metatarsophalangeal joint
gout [link]
osteoarthritis [link], [link], [link]
fish oil supplements
fissures (cracks), skin [link]
flat feet (pes planus) [link]
children [link], [link]
flexion [link]
flexor tendons, surgery [link]
flexor tenosynovitis, injection technique [link]
florid reactive periostitis [link]
flowvolume curves [link], [link]
fluorosis [link]
focal adhesion kinase (FAK) [link]
folate, role in epigenetic events [link], [link]
folate deficiency [link]
follicular bronchiolitis [link]
follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks [link]
food intolerance, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
foot
connective tissue disorders [link]
gout [link]
hypermobility [link]
nerve entrapments [link]
neuropathic arthropathy [link]
osteoarthritis [link][link]
pes planus and pes cavus [link]
physical examination [link][link], [link], [link]
in children [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link][link]
Page 63 of 188
Index
see also podiatry
foot drop, neurophysiological studies [link], [link]
foot pain
forefoot [link]
heel [link][link]
foot screening pathway [link]
foot surgery, peripheral nerve blocks [link]
foraminal stenosis [link]
forearm ischaemic exercise test [link]
forearm pain, non-specific [link][link]
forefoot pain [link]
Forestier's disease (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis ) [link], [link][link]
fostamatinib [link], [link], [link]
FoxP3 [link][link]
in JIA [link]
fractures, computed tomography [link][link]
frailty [link][link]
assessment of functional abilities [link]
FreibergKhler disease [link]
Freiberg's disease [link][link]
friction cost method [link]
Friedrich's disease [link]
frizzled related protein [link]
frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) [link], [link][link]
FRZB [link]
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Fatigue scale [link]
functional gastrointestinal disorders, in hypermobility syndromes [link]
functional impairment [link]
functioning, definition [link]
fungal infections [link], [link][link]
osteoarticular [link], [link], 766, [link][link]
aspergillus [link]
blastomycosis [link][link]
candida infections [link]
Cocccidiodes infections [link][link]
cryptococcosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
histoplasmosis [link]
investigations [link], [link][link]
management [link]
paracoccidioidomycosis [link][link]
Page 64 of 188
Index
prosthetic joints [link][link]
risk factors for infection [link]
sporotrichosis [link]
treatment [link]
prevention [link]
pulmonary [link]
Fusobacterium necrophorum, osteoarticular infections [link]
F waves [link]
G
gabapentin [link], [link]
gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) [link], [link], [link]
nephrogenic systemic fibrosis [link][link], [link], [link]
gait
normal development [link]
phases of [link]
gait assessment [link], [link][link]
children [link], [link][link]
the limping child [link], [link][link]
determining joint forces and moments [link][link]
GALS screening examination [link]
importance of biomechanics [link][link]
kinematic analysis [link][link]
kinetic analysis [link][link]
lower limb ranges of motion [link]
gait, arms, legs, spine (GALS) screening examination [link], [link][link]
gallium-67 scintigraphy [link][link]
T cells [link]
gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) [link]
ganglions, magnetic resonance imaging [link]
gangliosidosis [link]
Gap Study [link]
GarinBujadouxBannwarth meningoradiculoneuritis [link], [link]
gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis type A [link][link]
gastrointestinal infections, causative organisms [link]
gastrointestinal side effects
bisphosphonates [link]
COX-2 inhibitors [link][link]
NSAID-associated [link], [link]
paracetamol [link]
gastrointestinal system
assessment in systemic illness [link]
immune functions [link]
Page 65 of 188
Index
manifestations of Sjgren's syndrome [link]
manifestations of SLE [link]
manifestations of systemic sclerosis [link], [link], [link]
diagnosis and management [link], [link]
Gaucher's disease [link], [link], [link][link]
GCH1 [link]
GDF5 [link]
gelsolin amyloidosis [link]
gender differences
epigenetic mechanisms [link], [link]
see also sex ratios
geneenvironment interactions [link]
generalized morphoea [link], [link]
generalized osteoarthritis [link][link]
generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP, DITRA) [link], [link]
general practitioners (GPs) see primary care
genes [link], [link]
genetic factors
in childhood rheumatic conditions.. [link][link]
juvenile dermatomyositis [link], [link][link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link][link]
juvenile-onset SLE [link]
genes specific to lymphocyte function [link]
genetics of complement deficiency [link]
interferon response genes [link]
MHC associations [link][link]
phagocytosis and immune complex processing [link]
in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link]
in osteoarthritis [link][link], [link][link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link], [link][link]
HLA DRB1 [link][link]
PAD14 [link]
protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) [link]
risk loci [link]
STAT4 [link]
in spondyloarthropathies [link][link]
ankylosing spondylitis [link][link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
HLA associations [link][link]
Page 66 of 188
Index
psoriatic arthritis [link], [link][link]
genetics
clinical applications [link]
linkage disequilibrium (LD) [link], [link]
of musculoskeletal pain disorders [link][link]
association studies [link]
candidate genes [link][link]
candidate gene studies [link][link]
challenges [link]
future prospects [link][link]
heritability [link]
twin studies [link]
of osteoarthritis [link][link]
associated inherited diseases [link]
disease heterogeneity [link]
genes implicated in pain [link]
twin and family studies [link]
study techniques [link], [link][link]
genetic variation [link][link]
genital ulceration, Behet's disease [link], [link]
management [link]
genome [link]
genome-wide association studies (GWAS) [link], [link]
in connective tissue disorders [link], [link]
geriatric giants' [link]
germinal reaction centres [link][link], [link]
B cell activation [link]
ectopic [link][link], [link], [link][link], [link]
in rheumatoid synovium [link], [link][link]
giant cell arteritis [link][link], [link], [link][link]
aetiopathogenesis [link], [link][link]
association with polymyalgia rheumatica [link], [link][link], [link][link]
classification criteria [link], [link]
cardiopulmonary complications [link]
visual loss [link][link]
diagnosis [link]
Page 67 of 188
Index
epidemiology [link]
colour Doppler sonography, temporal artery [link]
CT, thoracic aorta [link]
positron emission tomography [link][link]
pathology [link]
smoking [link]
giant-cell reticulohistiocytosis see multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH)
giant cell tumours of bone [link]
Giardia spp. infections [link], [link]
Gitelman's syndrome [link]
Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Score (GUESS) [link]
glaucoma, glucocorticoid-associated [link]
glenohumeral joint
arthritis [link][link]
surgery [link]
see also shoulder joint
glial cells, influence on neuropathic pain [link]
Global OMERACT Scoring System (GLOSS) [link]
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [link], [link][link]
in chronic kidney disease [link]
glomerular proteinuria [link]
glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy [link]
glomerulonephritis
chronic [link]
rapidly progressive [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
glucocorticoid injections [link][link], [link]
adverse effects [link][link]
in back pain [link]
in Dupuytren's contracture [link]
effects [link]
general principles [link]
indications/contraindications [link]
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link][link], [link]
in medial epicondylitis [link]
method [link][link]
lower limbs [link][link]
upper limbs [link][link]
Page 68 of 188
Index
hands [link]
in rotator cuff disorders [link]
in tendinopathy [link]
in tenosynovitis [link]
in trigger digit [link]
glucocorticoids [link][link]
adverse effects [link][link], [link]
association with ischaemic heart disease [link]
myopathy [link]
ophthalmic [link]
osteoporosis [link]
osteoporosis, children [link]
poststeroid panniculitis [link]
prophylactic measures and monitoring [link]
doses and routes of administration [link]
drug interactions [link]
fracture prevention [link]
immunosuppressive dose [link], [link]
indications for use [link][link]
acute CCP arthritis [link]
acute gout [link]
ANCA-associated vasculitis [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
Behet's disease [link]
Cogan's syndrome [link]
enthesitis [link]
eye conditions [link]
giant cell arteritis [link], [link]
Henoch-Schnlein purpura [link], [link]
idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link]
inflammatory bowel disease [link]
interstitial lung disease [link], [link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link]
juvenile SLE [link], [link]
juvenile systemic sclerosis [link]
Kawasaki disease [link]
localized scleroderma [link], [link]
macrophage activation syndrome [link][link]
mixed connective tissue disease [link], [link]
multicentric reticulohistiocytosis [link]
Page 69 of 188
Index
polyarteritis nodosa [link]
polymyalgia rheumatica [link], [link], [link], [link]
during pregnancy and lactation [link][link], [link]
pyoderma gangrenosum [link]
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [link]
reactive arthritis [link]
relapsing polychondritis [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link]
rubella [link]
septic arthritis [link]
SLE [link][link]
Sweet's syndrome [link]
systemic rheumatoid vasculitis [link]
Sjgren's syndrome, topical use [link], [link]
undifferentiated connective tissue disease [link]
vasculitis [link], [link], [link]
mechanisms of action [link]
genomic action [link]
new developments [link][link]
reasons for wide usage [link]
stress regimes [link]
structure and classification [link]
tapering [link]
glucocorticoid-sparing drugs [link]
glucosamine [link], [link], [link]
glucose intolerance, glucocorticoid-associated [link]
gluteal enthesopathy [link][link]
gluten-sensitive enteropathy (coeliac disease) [link]
glycogen storage disorders [link]
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) [link]
amyloid fibril-associated [link]
mucopolysaccharidoses [link][link]
Gnathostoma infections [link]
gold (sodium aurothiomalate) [link][link]
monitoring [link]
golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) [link], [link]
golimumab
Page 70 of 188
Index
properties [link]
gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GNRH-a), in cyclophosphamide therapy [link]
goniometer [link]
Goodpasture's syndrome see anti-GBM disease [link]
Gottron's papules [link], [link], [link]
gout [link][link], [link]
side effect of diuretics [link]
chronicity of symptoms [link]
hand involvement [link]
tumour lysis syndrome [link]
comorbidities [link]
cardiovascular disease risk [link], [link]
diabetes [link]
definition [link]
differentiation from RA [link]
dietary factors [link], [link][link], [link]
prevalence, elderly patients [link]
imaging [link]
MRI [link]
radiography [link], [link][link]
radiology [link]
management [link]
acute gout [link][link]
of comorbidities [link]
patient education and adherence [link]
prophylaxis [link]
urate-lowering therapies [link][link]
RCT design [link], [link]
synovial fluid microscopy [link]
Page 71 of 188
Index
Gower's sign [link], [link]
graft manipulation (purging), HSCT [link]
graft versus host disease (GVHD)
differentiation from systemic sclerosis [link]
positron emission tomography [link]
similarity to localized scleroderma [link]
gram-negative bacteria
as cause of osteomyelitis [link], [link]
as cause of septic arthritis [link]
granuloma annulare, subcutaneous [link]
granuloma faciale [link][link]
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener's granulomatosis) [link], [link]
organ involvements [link]
genetic factors [link]
infection risk [link], [link]
pathogenesis [link]
pregnancy [link], [link]
refractory disease [link][link]
of relapse [link]
granulomatous uveitis [link]
grapefruit juice, CYP inhibition [link]
GRAPPA treatment guidelines, psoriatic arthritis [link]
greater trochanteric bursa, injection technique [link]
green-lipped mussel extract [link]
grip strength assessment [link]
groin pain [link][link]
causes [link]
group setting, patient education [link]
growing pains [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
growth
assessment in the limping child [link]
interaction with rheumatic disease [link]
growth disturbance [link]
in JIA [link], [link]
Page 72 of 188
Index
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, management [link]
growth factors, role in osteoarthritis [link]
growth plate [link], [link]
GTP cyclohydrolase gene (GCH1) [link]
guidelines, for management in primary care [link]
GuillainBarr syndrome (AIDP) [link]
gulls wing' appearance, erosive osteoarthritis [link]
gum hyperplasia, ciclosporin-related [link]
gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) [link]
gut flora, role in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
H
H3K9 methylation [link]
haemangiomas of bone [link]
haemarthrosis, risk from injection therapy [link][link]
haematogenous osteomyelitis [link]
see also osteomyelitis
haematological abnormalities [link]
see also anaemia; haemoglobinopathies; leukaemia; myeloma
haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [link][link]
clinical trials [link]
definitions [link]
in interstitial lung disease [link]
in mucopolysaccharidoses [link]
non-response and relapse [link][link]
treatment-related mortality [link][link]
haematuria [link]
causes [link]
haemochromatosis [link][link]
arthropathy
characteristics [link][link]
pathology and aetiopathogenesis [link][link]
calcium pyrophosphate deposition [link]
osteoporosis [link][link]
prognosis and treatment [link]
haemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis [link]
haemoglobin H disease [link]
haemoglobinopathies
sickle cell disease [link][link]
thalassaemia syndromes [link][link]
haemolytic anaemia [link]
haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) [link], [link]
complement deficiency [link], [link], [link]
Page 73 of 188
Index
haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) [link], [link]
Haemophilus influenzae, osteoarticular infections [link], [link]
Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccination, in immunocompromised patients [link], [link]
haemorrhagic cystitis, cyclophosphamide-related [link]
Haglund's disease [link]
hair, effects of glucocorticoids [link]
hair loss, in SLE [link][link]
hair-on-end' appearance, skull [link]
HAL B-7 [link]
hamstring injuries [link], [link]
hamstrings [link]
hamstring syndrome [link]
hamstring tendinopathy [link]
hand [link][link]
anatomy [link]
Dupuytren's contracture [link][link]
flexor and extensor tenosynovitis [link][link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis, radiographic imaging [link][link]
prognosis [link]
radiographic imaging [link], [link], [link]
physical examination [link], [link][link], [link][link]
in children [link]
polyarthritis [link]
psoriatic arthritis, radiographic imaging [link], [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
scleroderma, radiographic imaging [link]
systemic sclerosis [link]
trigger digit [link], [link], [link]
hand pain
in children [link]
hand surgery [link][link]
Hansen's disease (leprosy) [link][link]
AA amyloidosis [link]
HardyWeinberg equilibrium [link]
Hass's disease [link]
HawkinsKennedy test [link], [link]
headache
causes [link]
Page 74 of 188
Index
in SLE [link][link]
HEADSS screening tool [link], [link][link]
Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) [link], [link], [link], [link]
scores in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
health economics [link][link]
cost-effectiveness analyses [link][link]
cost-of-illness evaluation methods [link][link]
costs of rheumatic diseases [link][link]
role of PROMs [link]
health education [link]
see also patient education
health-related quality of life (HRQoL)
measures of [link][link]
see also quality of life
Health Survey for England [link]
heart disease, risk in SLE [link]
heart failure
and anti-TNF therapy [link]
rheumatic fever [link], [link], [link]
heat shock proteins (HSPs) [link]
heat therapies [link]
Heberden's nodes [link], [link], [link], [link]
heel
enthesitis [link]
heel pain [link][link]
Hegermann's disease [link]
heliotrope rash [link], [link], [link]
helminth infections [link][link]
hemivertebra [link]
Henoch-Schnlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) [link], [link][link], [link]
diagnosis [link]
outcome [link]
heparan sulfate (HS) [link]
heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) [link][link]
role in OA [link]
heparin, in anti-phospholipid syndrome, pregnancy management [link][link]
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia [link]
Page 75 of 188
Index
hepatic elasticity assessment [link]
hepatitis
azathioprine-associated [link]
drug-induced [link]
in SLE [link]
hepatitis B vaccination, in immunocompromised patients [link][link]
hepatitis B virus (HBV) [link], [link]
prevention of infection [link]
hepatitis C virus (HCV) [link][link]
associated vasculitis [link][link], [link][link]
SS-like disease [link]
hepatotoxicity [link]
ciclosporin [link]
methotrexate [link]
paracetamol [link], [link]
herbal medicines [link]
Herculean appearance [link]
hereditary angioedema (HAE) [link], [link], [link]
hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN) [link]
hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN) [link]
hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis [link][link]
treatment [link]
heritable disorders of connective tissue (HDCT) [link]
see also EhlersDanlos syndrome; hypermobility syndromes; joint hypermobility
syndrome; Marfan's syndrome; osteogenesis imperfecta; Stickler's syndrome
herpes hominis infection, arthritis [link]
herpes simplex infection [link]
arthritis [link]
herpes zoster
epidemiology in immunocompromised patients [link][link]
HFE gene, C282Y mutation [link], [link]
HIF-2 [link]
high-affinity antibodies, SLE [link][link]
high-arched feet (pes cavus) [link]
Hills-Sachs lesion [link]
hinge joints [link]
hip fractures
epidemiology [link]
hip joint
arthritis, predictive and protective factors [link]
femoroacetabular impingement (FIA) [link]
Page 76 of 188
Index
prognosis [link][link]
radiographic imaging [link], [link], [link], [link]
physical examination [link][link], [link]
in children [link]
ranges of movement, during gait [link]
hip pain
anterior [link][link]
causes [link]
in children [link], [link], [link], [link]
Kocher criteria [link]
lateral [link][link]
posterior [link]
hip surgery
surgical site infection [link]
arthroscopy [link]
hirsutism, ciclosporin-related [link]
histone acetyltransferases (HATs) [link]
histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) [link]
histone deacetylases (HDACs) [link], [link]
histone modifications [link][link], [link][link]
Histoplasma infections [link]
epidemiology [link]
histoplasmosis [link]
in arthritis [link]
childhood musculoskeletal pain [link][link], [link][link]
from children [link], [link], [link]
elbow symptoms [link]
knee problems [link][link]
in monoarticular disease [link][link]
in oligoarthritis [link], [link]
in osteomyelitis [link][link]
in polyarticular disease [link]
in septic arthritis [link][link]
skin problems [link]
spinal pain [link], [link]
in systemic illness [link]
HIV see human immunodeficiency virus infection
HLA see human leucocyte antigens
Page 77 of 188
Index
HMGB1 [link]
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors see statins
Hoffa's syndrome (fat pad impingement) [link]
Hoffman (H) reflex [link]
home adaptations [link][link]
homeopathy [link]
homocystinuria [link]
hook-like osteophytes [link]
hormone replacement therapy (HRT) [link], [link]
Hounsfield units [link]
Hox family [link]
hsp60, role in reactive arthritis [link]
HTR2A [link]
human capital approach to cost evaluation [link]
human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/AIDS)
arthritis [link]
parvovirus B19 infection [link]
SS-like disease [link]
human leucocyte antigens (HLA)
HLA 8.1 haplotype [link], [link]
HLA A-3 [link]
HLA associations
ANCA-associated vasculitis [link]
Behet's disease, HLA B51 [link]
in giant cell arteritis [link][link]
idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link], [link]
sarcoidosis [link]
systemic sclerosis [link], [link]
HLA B27 [link], [link], [link][link]
ankylosing spondylitis [link], [link]
and anterior uveitis [link]
association with spondyloathropathies [link]
and enteropathic arthritis [link]
enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) [link]
and reactive arthritis [link], [link], [link], [link]
HLA B38, HLA B39, in psoriatic arthritis [link]
HLA B60 [link]
HLA Cw*0602, in psoriatic arthritis [link][link]
HLA Cw6 [link]
HLA DPB1 [link]
HLA DQ 2/8 [link]
Page 78 of 188
Index
HLA DQA1, and rheumatic fever [link]
HLA-DR, in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
HLA DR-2/4 [link]
HLA DR4 [link]
HLA DRB*0103 [link][link]
HLA DRB1 [link]
and JIA [link]
and rheumatic fever [link]
and rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
human papilloma virus (HPV)
epidemiology in immunocompromised patients [link]
vaccination [link]
human T lymphocyte leukaemia virus (HTLV) [link] [link]
humeral epiphysitis [link]
humeral head, avascular necrosis [link][link]
Hunter's syndrome [link]
dysostosis multiplex [link]
Hurler's syndrome [link], [link]
hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) [link], [link]
hyaluronic acid injections [link], [link]
hydralazine, drug-induced lupus [link]
hydrocortisone see glucocorticoids
hydrotherapy [link]
adverse effects
retinal damage [link][link], [link]
in chronic CCP crystal inflammatory arthritis [link][link]
in lupus [link]
monitoring [link]
11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 HSD) [link]
hyperalgesia
definition [link]
mechanism [link]
opioid-associated [link]
hypercalcaemia
in infantile hypophosphatasia [link]
Page 79 of 188
Index
hyperferritinaemia, in macrophage activation syndrome [link], [link]
hypergammaglobulinaemia
in Sjgren's syndrome, management [link], [link]
hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura [link]
hyper IgD syndrome (HIDS) [link]
key features [link]
hyperinsulinaemia [link]
hypermobile gait [link]
hypermobility [link], [link]
children [link], [link]
foot problems [link]
hypermobility questionnaire [link]
hypermobility syndromes [link][link]
Beighton scoring system [link][link], [link]
benign joint hypermobility syndrome [link]
clinical features
dentition [link]
eye symptoms [link]
fractures [link]
pain [link], [link]
pregnancy complications [link]
skin signs [link][link], [link]
tendinopathy and osteoarthritis [link]
visceral disorders [link]
diagnostic criteria [link][link]
epidemiology [link][link], [link]
hyperparathyroidism [link], [link]
association with chondrocalcinosis [link]
in osteomalacia [link], [link][link]
rheumatological manifestations [link]
secondary
clinical features and investigations [link][link]
pathophysiology [link][link]
hyperphosphataemia [link], [link], [link]
management [link]
hyperprolactinaemia [link]
causes [link]
hypertension [link]
Page 80 of 188
Index
drug-related
ciclosporin [link]
leflunomide [link]
in Takayasu's arteritis [link][link], [link]
hypertensive crisis, in systemic sclerosis [link][link]
hyperthyroidism [link]
myopathy [link]
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) [link]
hyperuricaemia [link]
hypervigilance, hypersensitivity, children [link]
hypoadrenalism, rheumatological manifestations [link]
hypocalcaemia [link]
bisphosphonate-associated [link]
hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis [link][link], [link], [link]
hypodermitis sclerodermiformis (sclerosing panniculitis) [link]
hypogammaglobulinaemia, rituximab-related [link]
hypogonadism [link][link]
hypomagnesaemia, calcium pyrophosphate deposition [link]
hypomyopathic dermatomyositis [link]
hypoparathyroidism [link][link]
rheumatological manifestations [link]
hypophosphataemia [link], [link]
hypophosphatasemia [link]
hypophosphatasia [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
hypopyon [link], [link]
Behet's disease [link][link]
hyposplenism, prevention of infection [link]
hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal axis
hypothyroidism
myopathy [link]
hypromellose [link]
I
ibandronate [link]
ibuprofen
interaction with low-dose aspirin [link]
Page 81 of 188
Index
pharmacology [link]
see also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ice therapy, acute CCP arthritis [link]
idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip [link]
idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) see dermatomyositis; inclusion body myositis; juvenile
dermatomyositis; polymyositis
idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO) [link]
idiopathic pain syndromes, children [link]
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura [link]
IFIH1 [link]
IgA [link], [link]
secretion by gut [link]
IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schnlein purpura) [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
diagnosis [link]
outcome [link]
igbo ora virus [link]
IgE [link][link]
IgG [link]
IKZF3 [link]
ILAR see International League of Associations for Rheumatology
iliopsoas bursitis [link]
iliotibial band [link]
iliotibial band friction syndrome [link], [link][link]
iloprost, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link], [link]
image analysis, MRI [link], [link]
IMAGEN study [link]
imatinib [link], [link]
imiglucerase [link]
immune complex processing, genetics [link]
immune complex vasculitides [link], [link]
immune-mediated necrotizing myositis (IMNM) [link]
immune response [link][link]
containment of commensal microorganisms [link]
to parasites [link]
reaction to microbial invasion [link][link]
immune system [link][link]
adaptive [link]
effects of glucocorticoids [link], [link]
effects of statins [link]
Page 82 of 188
Index
germinal reaction centres [link][link]
inhibitory and activating receptors [link][link]
innate [link][link], [link]
optimal defence strategy [link][link]
role of fibroblasts [link][link]
role of intestinal mucosa [link]
see also B cells; T-cells
immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) [link]
immunization see vaccination
immunoblotting [link]
children, osteoarticular infections [link][link], [link]
fungal infections [link]
vaccination
efficacy [link][link]
EULAR recommendations [link]
safety [link]
vaccine-preventable infections, epidemiology [link][link]
see also opportunistic infections
immunodiffusion [link]
immunofluorescence [link], [link], [link]
immunoglobulins see IgA; IgA vasculitis; IgE; IgG
immunological tolerance [link]
immunoprecipitation [link], [link]
immunoscintigraphy [link]
immunosuppressant drugs
effect on endothelial function [link], [link]
see also azathioprine; chlorambucil; ciclosporin; cyclophosphamide; d-penicillamine;
gold; hydroxychloroquine; leflunomide; methotrexate; minocycline; mycophenolate
mofetil; sulphasalazine; thalidomide
impingement syndromes
fat pad impingement (Hoffa's syndrome) [link]
hip [link], [link], [link]
subacromial [link][link]
implant assessment, computed tomography [link][link]
incidence of diseases [link]
relative disease frequencies [link]
studies of [link]
inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPRD) [link], [link]
inclusion body myositis (IBM) [link]
management [link]
muscle biopsy findings [link], [link]
Page 83 of 188
Index
Index of Coexistant diseases [link]
Indian Takayasu Activity Score (ITAS) [link]
indirect immunofluorescence (IMF) [link], [link]
indomethacin, in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
infections
in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link][link], [link][link]
diagnosis and treatment [link][link]
drug-related risks
abatacept [link]
adalimumab [link]
anti-TNF therapy [link], [link]
azathioprine [link]
ciclosporin [link]
etanercept [link]
infliximab [link]
methotrexate [link]
rituximab [link]
TNF blockade [link]
in immunocompromised patients [link][link]
role in connective tissue disorders [link]
role in fibromyalgia [link]
role in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link]
role of immunosuppressant treatment [link]
role of underlying disease [link][link]
in SLE [link]
spinal [link]
surgical site infection [link][link]
risk factors [link]
as trigger for vasculitis [link][link], [link]
as triggers for reactive arthritis [link]
see also brucellosis; fungal infections; Lyme borreliosis; opportunistic infections;
osteoarticular infections; osteomyelitis; septic arthritis; tuberculosis; viral arthritis
infective endocarditis [link]
causative organisms [link]
infective panniculitis [link]
infertility
drug-related
in SLE [link][link]
see also fertility
inflammation [link][link]
biomechanical action [link]
Page 84 of 188
Index
fibroblast response [link]
leucocyte trafficking [link][link]
neurogenic [link]
nociceptive processing [link][link], [link]
relationship to cardiovascular disease [link][link]
role of IL-17 [link][link]
inflammatory arthitides
see also ankylosing spondylitis; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; psoriatic arthritis; rheumatoid
arthritis
inflammatory back pain [link][link]
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [link][link]
association with ankylosing spondylitis [link], [link]
in children [link]
and intestinal immune system [link]
pancreatic disease [link]
inflammatory disease, clinical features [link][link], [link][link]
inflammatory myositis [link]
overlap syndrome [link]
see also dermatomyositis; polymyositis
inflammatory (erosive) osteoarthritis [link], [link]
inflammatory pain [link]
infliximab
adverse effects [link][link]
indications for use
ankylosing spondylitis [link][link]
giant cell arteritis [link][link]
juvenile dermatomyositis [link]
pyoderma gangrenosum [link]
sarcoidosis [link]
Takayasu's arteritis [link]
Page 85 of 188
Index
molecular targeted imaging [link]
pregnancy and lactation [link]
properties [link]
influenza, epidemiology in immunocompromised patients [link]
influenza vaccination [link]
children [link]
immunocompromised patients
efficacy [link]
safety [link]
infrapatellar bursitis [link], [link]
infrared thermography [link]
infraspinatus muscle [link], [link]
infraspinatus tendinopathy [link]
infusion reactions
abatacept [link]
rituximab [link]
injection therapy [link], [link]
biologics [link]
clinically guided injection [link]
contraindications and risks [link]
hyaluronic acid injections [link]
image-guided [link][link]
plasma-rich products [link]
radiation/chemical synovectomy [link]
see also glucocorticoid injections
injury, role in osteoarthritis [link]
innate immune system [link][link], [link][link]
cells of [link]
mechanical barriers, interferons, and soluble antimicrobial factors [link]
pathogen receptors [link][link], [link]
pattern recognition receptors [link]
phagocytes [link][link]
reaction to microbial invasion [link]
instability
knee joint [link], [link], [link]
shoulder joint [link][link]
insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 [link]
insulin resistance [link]
integrins [link], [link], [link], [link]
intention to treat (ITT) population, RCTs [link]
interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) [link]
interferon regulatory factor (IRF5) [link]
interferon response genes, and connective tissue disorders [link]
interferons
Page 86 of 188
Index
interferon alpha
in HCV infection [link]
in uveitis [link]
interferon gamma (IFN) [link], [link]
in o-JIA [link][link]
in synovium [link]
type [link] [link]
interferon signalling pathways, and psoriatic arthritis [link]
interim analyses, RCTs [link]
interleukin genes, role in osteoarthritis [link]
interleukins [link], [link]
IL-1 antagonism see anakinra; canakinumab
IL1RN gene [link], [link]
IL2 [link], [link]
IL2RA [link], [link]
IL-6
association with cardiovascular disease [link]
circadian rhythm [link][link]
role in inflammation [link]
IL-6 antagonism see tocilizumab
IL-6 gene hypomethylation [link]
IL-6 gene polymorphisms, and osteoporosis [link]
IL-6R [link]
IL10 [link]
IL-10 deficiency [link]
IL-12 [link][link]
IL12B [link]
IL-17
role in inflammatory bowel disease [link]
role in JIA [link]
role in psoriatic arthritis [link]
in spondyloarthritis [link]
IL-17A [link]
IL-22 [link]
IL-23, role in inflammatory bowel disease [link]
IL-23R pathway, and psoriatic arthritis [link], [link]
IL23R [link], [link]
IL28RA [link]
IL36RN gene [link], [link]
role in SLE [link]
role in systemic sclerosis [link], [link]
in synovium [link]
Page 87 of 188
Index
intermediate osteopetrosis [link]
intermetatarsal bursitis [link]
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) [link][link]
International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR), classification of childhood
International Myositis Assessment Clinical Studies Group (IMACS), outcome measures
[link][link]
interphalangeal joints
anatomy [link]
common problems [link]
interstitial cystitis, in Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link]
interstitial lung disease (ILD) [link][link]
in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link], [link]
CT imaging [link][link]
in microscopic polyangiitis [link], [link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link], [link]
in SLE [link][link]
treatment options [link][link]
in undifferentiated connective tissue disease [link], [link]
interstitial nephritis [link]
intervertebral discs [link][link]
anatomy [link], [link], [link]
discogenic pain [link][link]
herniation [link]
prolapsed [link]
intoeing, children [link]
intra-articular injections see glucocorticoid injections; injection therapy
intracytoplasmic microorganisms, immune defences [link]
intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) [link]
intramembranous bone formation [link]
intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) [link]
in juvenile dermatomyositis [link], [link]
in parvovirus B19 infection [link]
in SLE [link]
in uveitis [link]
intravesicular microorganisms, immune defences [link]
Page 88 of 188
Index
introns [link], [link]
iodothyronine deiodinase gene (DO12) [link]
ionized calcium [link]
IPEX syndrome [link]
IRAK1 [link], [link]
IRF5 [link]
and SLE [link]
IRF7 [link]
iridocyclitis [link]
iron, serum levels [link]
iron deficiency [link]
iron deposition, haemochromatosis [link]
iron fist sign [link]
iron metabolism, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
ischaemic heart disease
ischial (ischiogluteal) bursitis [link]
Iselin's disease [link], [link]
Isospora belli infections [link]
ITGAM [link]
ivory phalanx' [link]
J
Jaccoud's arthritis [link], [link]
jail bar' striations, haemangiomas of bone [link]
janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors [link], [link][link]
jaw
claudication [link]
osteonecrosis [link], [link], [link]
JC virus [link], [link]
Jo-1 antibodies [link]
joint aspiration see arthrocentesis, in septic arthritis [link]
joint contractures, muscle atrophy, microcytic anaemia, and panniculitis-induced
lipodystrophy (JMP) syndrome [link], [link]
joint distraction [link]
joint distribution [link]
in haemochromatosis [link][link]
joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS)
Page 89 of 188
Index
epidemiology [link]
eye symptoms [link]
pregnancy [link]
skin signs [link]
joint injections see glucocorticoid injections; injection therapy
joint pain
in children, differential diagnosis [link]
mechanisms [link]
joint-preserving surgical procedures [link]
joint replacement see arthroplasty
joints [link]
cartilage development, biology, and metabolism [link][link]
classification [link][link]
see also fibrocartilaginous joints; fibrous joints; synovial joints
joint space loss [link], [link], [link]
joint swelling
in children, history-taking [link]
joint tenderness assessment [link]
Jones criteria, rheumatic fever [link], [link]
JUPITER trial [link]
Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) [link], [link], [link], [link]
Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report (JAMAR) [link], [link], [link]
Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ) [link][link], [link]
juvenile dermatomyositis [link], [link], [link][link]
fatigue [link]
organ system damage [link], [link][link]
diagnostic criteria [link], [link]
disease activity and damage assessment [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
imaging
MRI [link]
ultrasonography [link]
outcome measures [link], [link], [link][link]
outcome studies [link]
remission [link]
juvenile fibromyalgia [link][link]
Page 90 of 188
Index
juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) [link], [link][link]
articular damage [link], [link]
chronic pain [link], [link]
enthesitis [link], 399, [link][link]
extra-articular damage [link], [link]
eye symptoms [link]
fever [link]
impact on growth and development [link][link]
macrophage activation syndrome [link][link]
oligoarticular disease [link][link]
patterns of joint involvement [link]
presentation [link]
of subtypes [link]
systemic illness [link], [link][link], [link][link]
uveitis [link]
comorbidities
amyloidosis [link]
coeliac disease [link]
definition [link]
definition of improvement [link]
definitions of remission and clinically inactive disease [link]
diagnosis [link]
early [link]
epidemiology [link]
gender distribution [link]
genetics [link][link]
fine mapping [link]
prediction of disease risk and outcome [link][link]
subtype-specific associations [link]
ILAR classification [link], [link]
imaging [link]
radiographic scoring systems [link], [link]
radiography [link][link], [link][link], [link], [link]
ultrasonography [link][link]
management [link]
abatacept [link], [link]
ACR recommendations [link][link], [link], [link][link]
Page 91 of 188
Index
BSPAR standards of care [link]
glucocorticoid injections [link]
of growth retardation and osteoporosis [link][link]
haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [link], [link]
intra-articular injections [link][link]
of iridocyclitis [link]
medical treatment [link][link]
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [link]
physical and occupational therapy [link]
role of nurses [link]
surgical treatment [link]
transitional care [link][link], [link]
mortality [link]
outcome [link]
outcome measures [link][link], [link][link], [link], [link]
outcome studies [link][link]
adaptive immune system involvement [link][link]
innate immune system involvement [link][link]
Tregs [link]
pregnancy [link]
subset-specific pathologies [link]
juvenile osteochondrosis and osteonecrosis [link]
juvenile Paget's disease [link], [link]
juvenile psoriatic arthritis [link], [link], [link], [link]
juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus [link], [link], [link][link], [link][link]
clinical features
growth and development [link]
organ system damage [link], 26970, [link]
signs and symptoms [link]
investigations [link], [link][link], [link]
key features [link]
management [link][link], [link]
biologics [link]
compliance issues [link]
disease monitoring [link]
vaccination [link]
mortality [link]
outcome [link]
outcome measures [link], [link], [link], [link]
outcome studies [link]
prognosis [link]
remission [link]
Page 92 of 188
Index
research [link]
juvenile systemic sclerosis 3, [link][link]
autoantibodies [link]
clinical assessment and monitoring [link]
early signs and symptoms [link]
differences from adult disease [link]
Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis Severity Score (J4S) [link]
K
Kallman's syndrome [link]
Kawasaki disease [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
key features [link]
Kendal MMT [link], [link]
keratoconjunctivitis sicca [link], [link]
keratoderma blennorhagica [link]
ketoconazole, CYP inhibition [link]
ketoprofen, in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) [link]
KIDSCREEN [link], [link][link], [link]
Kienbck's disease (lunate malacia) [link], [link], [link], [link]
radiography [link]
KikuchiFujimoto syndrome [link]
kinematic analysis of gait [link][link]
kinetic analysis of gait [link][link]
Kingella kingae
identification [link]
Kirkpatrick's hierarchy [link]
Kleinfelter's syndrome [link], [link]
Klein's line [link], [link]
KLIK PROfile [link][link]
klotho protein [link], [link]
knee joint [link][link]
accessory movement [link]
arthritis, predictive and protective factors [link]
biomechanics, relationship to pathology [link]
clinical assessment [link][link]
functional anatomy [link]
Page 93 of 188
Index
imaging
in children [link]
MRI [link]
ligament injuries [link]
collateral ligaments [link], [link]
anterior cruciate [link], [link]
locking, magnetic resonance imaging [link]
osteoarthritis [link]9
prognosis [link]
radiographic imaging [link], [link], [link]
physical examination [link], [link]
in children [link]
ranges of movement, during gait [link]
knee pain [link][link]
causes by site [link]
generalized [link][link]
medial [link]
posterior [link]
prevalence [link]
knee surgery [link][link]
arthroplasty [link], [link], [link]
arthroscopy [link]
washout [link], [link]
Kniest dysplasia [link], [link]
knock knees, children [link]
Kocher criteria [link]
Koebner phenomenon [link]
psoriatic arthritis as [link][link]
in systemic-onset JIA [link]
Khler's disease [link], [link]
Krabbe's disease [link]
Krupp Fatigue Severity Scale [link]
kyphosclerosis [link]
kyphosis [link], [link]
Scheuermann's disease [link]
L
laboratory investigations
in acute kidney injury [link]
of aspirated fluid [link]
biochemistry [link][link]
Page 94 of 188
Index
of children [link]
haematology [link][link]
in muscle disease [link]
serology [link][link]
in suspected osteoarticular infections [link]
in systemic illness [link]
see also autoantibodies; microbiological investigations; serology; synovial fluid analysis
lacrimal punctum plugs [link]
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in myositis [link][link]
LambertEaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) [link]
lamellar bone [link]
lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) [link]
LAMP-2 [link]
Lance's disease [link]
LandouzyDejerine syndrome (fascioscapular humeral muscular dystrophy) [link], [link]
large-vessel vasculitis [link][link], [link], [link]
Chapel Hill Consensus definitions [link]
clinical presentation [link]
see also giant cell arteritis; Takayasu's arteritis
Larsen's syndrome [link]
laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) [link]
lasofoxifene [link]
latent TB infection (LTBI) [link]
see also tuberculosis
lateral collateral ligament injuries [link]
lateral epicondyle, injection technique [link]
lateral epicondylopathy (tennis elbow') [link], [link][link]
learning disabilities [link]
lectin pathway, complement activation [link], [link]
Leeds enthesitis index [link]
leflunomide [link], [link]
monitoring [link]
side effects [link]
cardiovascular effects [link], [link]
fertility effects [link]
Page 95 of 188
Index
in SLE [link]
washout procedure [link], [link]
LeggCalvPerthes disease [link], [link], [link]
radiography [link]
leg see lower limb
leishmaniasis [link]
lenalidomide [link]
leprosy (Hansen's disease) [link][link]
vasculitis [link]
leptin [link]
see also adipokines
lerdelimumab [link]
leucocyte adhesion cascade [link]
leucocyte migration, rheumatoid synovium [link]
leucocytoclastic (hypersensitivity) vasculitis [link], [link], [link]
leucocytosis [link]
leucopenia
drug-related
ciclosporin [link]
leflunomide [link]
in SLE [link], [link], [link], [link]
leukaemia
radiography [link]
levomeloxifene, in osteoarthritis [link]
Lhermitte's sign [link][link]
LibmanSachs endocarditis [link], [link]
lichenification [link]
lichen sclerosus et atrophicus [link]
ligament injuries [link][link]
knee joint [link]
anterior cruciate ligament [link]334, [link]
lateral collateral ligament [link]
medial collateral ligament [link]
ligament laxity, biomechanical action [link]
ligaments
Page 96 of 188
Index
limb anatomy [link][link]
adipose tissue [link]
basic design [link][link]
blood vessels [link][link]
enthesis organ concept [link][link]
facilitation of movement between adjacent structures [link]
fascia [link][link]
nerves [link]
principles of muscle action and design [link][link]
limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) [link][link]
MRI images [link]
western blot [link]
limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis [link]
limping child [link][link]
appearance of the child [link]
association with fever [link], [link][link]
causes [link], [link], [link], [link]
extra-articular causes [link]
imaging [link]
laboratory investigations [link], [link]
linear scleroderma [link], [link][link], [link][link], [link]
linkage disequilibrium (LD) [link], [link]
linkage studies [link]
linksegment model [link][link]
lipid profile, effect of anti-cytokine biologics [link]
lipids, synovial fluid microscopy [link]
lipodermatosclerosis (sclerosing panniculitis) [link]
lipogranulomatosis [link]
lipoid dermatoarthritis see multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH)
lipoma arborescens [link]
liposomes, glucocorticoid-containing [link]
Listeria monocytogenes meningitis [link]
Little League elbow (medial epicondyle apophysitis) [link]
Little League shoulder (humeral epiphysitis) [link]
livedo reticularis [link]
liver biopsy [link]
liver disease
Page 97 of 188
Index
sarcoidosis [link]
liver failure, causes [link]
liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) [link]
liver function tests (LFTs) [link][link]
drug-related abnormalities [link], [link]
liver transplantation, in amyloidosis [link]
live vaccines
contraindications [link], [link]
in immunocompromised patients [link]
LJP 394 (abetimus sodium), in SLE [link][link]
Loa Loa [link]
local anaesthetic, use in glucocorticoid injections [link], [link]
localized scleroderma see scleroderma, localized
Localized Scleroderma Clinical and Ultrasound Group (LOCUS), treatment [link]
Localized Scleroderma Severity Index (LoSSI) [link][link]
Lfgren's syndrome [link], [link]
see also sarcoidosis
longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, case history [link][link]
Looser's zones [link], [link]
losartan, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link]
low back pain see back pain; spinal pain
lower leg pain, in children [link]
lower limb
anatomy
basic design [link][link]
fascia [link]
development, normal variants [link]
leg-length discrepancy [link], [link]
children [link]
referred pain [link]
ulcers [link]
lower limb surgery [link][link]
anaesthesia and analgesia [link]
effectiveness [link]
procedures [link][link]
risks [link][link]
lower respiratory tract infections [link]
low molecular weight heparin
in anti-phospholipid syndrome, pregnancy management [link][link]
LPIN2 gene [link], [link]
L-tryptophan, and eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome [link]
lubrican [link]
lumbar radiculoneuropathy, rubella [link]
lumbar radiculopathy [link]
lumbar spine
Page 98 of 188
Index
ankylosing spondylitis, radiographic imaging [link]
see also back pain; spine
lumbosacral radioplexus neuropathy (diabetic amyotrophy) [link]
lunate malacia (Kienbck's disease) [link], [link], [link], [link]
lung biopsy [link]
lung cancer
associated rheumatic disorders [link]
risk in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
lung permeability studies [link]
lung transplantation [link]
lupus
cutaneous [link]
drug-induced [link], [link][link]
in anti-TNF therapy [link]
DPA [link]
see also juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus; neonates, neonatal lupus syndrome;
systemic lupus erythematosus
lupus anticoagulant (LA) [link], [link]
detection [link]
lupus nephritis [link][link], [link], [link]
juvenile [link]
management [link]
ciclosporin [link]
monitoring [link]
pathogenesis [link]
see also systemic lupus erythematosus
lupus panniculitis [link], [link][link]
lupus pernio [link]
Lyme arthritis [link]
differentiation from RA [link], [link]
Lyme borreliosis (LB) [link], [link][link]
course and prognosis [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
investigations [link][link], [link]
lymecycline, in reactive arthritis [link]
lymphadenopathy, in SLE [link]
lymphatic drainage, in localized scleroderma [link]
lymph node biopsy [link][link]
Page 99 of 188
Index
lymphocytes, in synovial fluid [link][link]
lymphocytic colitis [link]
lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) [link]
lymphoma
associated rheumatic conditions, Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
associated rheumatic disorders [link]
risk from TNF blockade [link]
risk in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
lymphopenia [link]
sulphasalazine-related [link]
lysosomal storage disease (LSD) [link][link]
Fabry's disease [link][link]
Gaucher's disease [link][link]
lysozyme [link], [link]
lysozyme amyloidosis [link], [link]
M
Maastricht AS enthesitis score (MASES) [link]
macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) [link], [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
key features [link]
macrophages [link][link], [link]
role in bone erosion [link]
macular oedema [link]
macules [link]
Maffucci's syndrome [link]
magnesium supplementation, in chronic CCP crystal inflammatory arthritis [link]
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [link][link]
advanced imaging techniques [link][link]
angiography [link], [link], [link]
basic principles [link][link]
causes of high and low signal intensity [link]
in children [link], [link], [link][link], [link][link]
contraindications [link]
features of acute inflammation [link][link]
features of joint structural damage [link]
guidance of interventional procedures [link]
as an outcome measure [link][link]
Page 100 of 188

Index
of shoulder joint [link]
specific conditions
avascular necrosis [link]
axial spondyloarthropathy [link][link]
back pain investigation [link]
benign proliferative disorders of synovium [link], [link]
bone marrow oedema syndrome [link][link]
bone tumours [link]
brucellar arthritis [link]
cardiac [link][link]
gout [link], [link]
large-vessel vasculitis [link]
myopathy [link], [link], [link]
myositis [link], [link][link]
osteoarticular infections [link][link], [link], 749, [link], [link], [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
spondyloarthropathies [link][link], [link]
TB [link], [link], [link]
undifferentiated arthritis [link]
of spine [link]
magnet therapy [link], [link]
Majeed's syndrome [link], [link]
major histocompatibility complex
and connective tissue disorders [link][link]
and rheumatoid arthritis [link]
malabsorption, in systemic sclerosis [link]
malar erythema [link]
malaria [link], [link]
malignancy [link][link]
in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link], [link][link]
multicentric reticulohistiocytosis [link], [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link]
SLE [link], [link]
Sweet's syndrome [link], [link]
association with rheumatic disease therapies [link][link], [link]
anti-TNF therapy [link], [link], [link]
azathioprine [link]
in children [link]
ciclosporin [link]
cyclophosphamide [link][link]
cancer drugs, rheumatological side effects [link][link]
Page 101 of 188

Index
in children [link]
epigenetic mechanisms [link]
fibroblasts as therapeutic target [link][link]
imaging, positron emission tomography [link]
osteomalacia [link]
rheumatological presentations [link][link]
spinal tumours [link], [link]
malignant fibrous histiocytomas [link]
malignant osteopetrosis [link]
malignant pyoderma gangrenosum [link]
malunion, definition [link]
Mander enthesitis index [link]
Mannerfelt syndrome [link]
mannose-binding lectin (MBL) [link]
manual muscle testing [link], [link]
Kendal MMT [link]
Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) score [link]
MAP kinase (MAPK) inhibitors [link]
Marfan's syndrome [link][link], [link][link]
chest wall deformity [link]
eye symptoms [link]
osteopenia [link]
pneumothorax [link]
skin signs [link]
pregnancy [link]
scores for systemic features [link]
massage therapy [link], [link]
mast cells [link]
matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [link]
MMP1 expression, synovial intimal lining layer [link]
MMP-13 [link]
in synovium [link][link]
maxacalcitol, in renal osteodystrophy [link]
Mayaro virus [link]
McArdle's disease [link]
McCuneAlbright syndrome [link]
Page 102 of 188

Index
McGill pain score [link]
mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
in anaemia of chronic disease [link]
in iron deficiency [link]
measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine [link]
mechanical factors, osteoarthritis [link][link]
mechanics' hands [link]
medial collateral ligament injuries [link]
medial epicondyle, injection technique [link]
medial epicondyle apophysitis [link]
medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow) [link]
medial meniscus injury [link]
medial pole hip osteoarthritis [link]
medial tibial stress syndrome [link]
median nerve disorders
entrapment neuropathies [link]
see also carpal tunnel syndrome
Mediterranean diet, and rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
medium-vessel vasculitis [link][link], [link], [link]
see also Kawasaki disease; polyarteritis nodosa
MEFV gene [link], [link], [link]
meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) [link]
Mel-Dex (melphalan and dexamethasone), in AL amyloidosis [link]
melorheostosis [link], [link]
meloxicam
pharmacology [link]
melphalan, in AL amyloidosis [link], [link]
memory, immune system [link]
memory cells, in rheumatoid synovium [link][link]
meningitis [link], [link]
aseptic, SLE [link]
cryptococcal [link]
meningococcal vaccination [link]
meniscal tears [link], [link], [link]
lateral meniscus [link]
medial meniscus [link]
menisci
discoid [link][link]
mepacrine [link]
mepolizumab [link]
Page 103 of 188

Index
6-mercaptopurine, immunosuppressive dose [link]
mesenchymal precursor cells [link]
mesenchymal stem cell development [link]
mesenchymal stem cell transplantation [link][link]
Met30Val mutation, amyloidosis [link], [link]
metabolic bone disease
children [link], [link][link]
see also osteomalacia; osteoporosis; Paget's disease of bone; rickets
metabolic bone disease of prematurity [link][link]
metabolic disease, epigenetic mechanisms [link][link]
metabolic myopathies [link]
metabolic syndrome [link], [link]
metacarpophalangeal joint
anatomy [link]
osteoarthritis [link]
metachromatic leucodystrophy [link]
metalwork failure, computed tomography [link][link]
metaphyseal dysplasias [link], [link][link]
metaphyses [link]
metastases, spinal [link]
metatarsophalangeal joint
overload [link]
metelimumab [link]
METEOR trial [link]
methionine, role in epigenetic events [link], [link]
adverse effects
cardiovascular [link], [link], [link], [link]
on fertility [link]
lymphoma risk [link]
pulmonary toxicity [link], [link]
combination with TNF blockade [link]
effect on synovial pathology [link][link]
effects on vaccine efficacy [link][link]
indications for use
ANCA-associated vasculitis [link][link], [link]
chronic CCP crystal inflammatory arthritis [link]
enteropathic arthritis [link]
Page 104 of 188

Index
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link][link], [link], [link]
localized scleroderma [link], [link]
multicentric reticulohistiocytosis [link]
polymyalgia rheumatica [link]
SLE [link]
monitoring [link]
pregnancy and lactation [link], [link]
methylation
of histones [link]
see also DNA methylation
methyl-CpG binding proteins [link][link]
methylprednisolone
methylsulphonylmethane (MSM) [link]
meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
osteoarticular infections [link], [link], [link], [link]
treatment [link]
risk factors for infection [link]
mevalonate kinase deficiency (MVD) [link], [link][link]
microbial invasion, immune response [link][link]
microbiological investigations
of synovial fluid [link]
in TB [link]
microbiota, role in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link]
microchimerism [link], [link]
microfracture technique [link]
micrognathia [link], [link]
microRNA modulators [link]
microRNAs (miRNAs) [link], [link]
microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) [link], [link][link]
in children [link]
Page 105 of 188

Index
diagnosis, differentiation from polyarteritis nodosa [link]
pregnancy [link]
Microsporidia infections [link]
midodrine [link]
migraine, in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
milkmaid's grip' sign, rheumatic chorea [link]
milnacipran, in fibromyalgia [link]
Milwaukee shoulder syndrome [link], [link][link]
mind maps [link]
mineralocorticoids [link]
minimal disease activity' (MDA) criteria, psoriatic arthritis [link]
minocycline [link]
minor alleles [link]
miR203 [link]
miscarriage
in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link], [link]
prevention [link][link]
causes in late pregnancy [link][link]
missing data, RCTs [link][link]
mitochondrial disorders [link], [link][link]
mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) [link]
mitral valve disease, rheumatic fever [link], [link]
mitral valve prolapse, in hypermobility syndromes [link][link]
mitral valve prolapse syndrome [link]
mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) [link], [link][link], [link][link]
classification and diagnostic criteria [link]
haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [link]
outcome [link]
serology [link], [link]
mixed nerve action potentials [link]
mixed renal osteodystrophy [link]
MMP9 gene, hypomethylation [link]
Mmp13, role in osteoarthritis [link]
Modification of Diet in Kidney Disease (MDKD), formula for GFR [link][link]
molecular mimicry [link]
Page 106 of 188

Index
monoarticular disease [link][link]
case history [link]
causes [link]
in children [link]
of acute pain [link]
epidemiology [link]
history-taking [link][link]
algorithm [link]
arthrocentesis [link]
radiology [link][link]
synovial biopsy [link]
monoclonal gammopathy, AL amyloidosis [link]
monocyte chemoattractive protein-1 (MCP-1) [link]
monocytes [link][link]
monocytosis [link]
mononeuritis multiplex [link]
monosodium urate crystals see urate
monostotic fibrous dysplasia [link]
mood, impact of rheumatic disease [link][link]
morning stiffness [link][link], [link]
in SLE [link]
morphine [link]
see also opioids
morphoea [link], [link], [link]
classification [link], [link][link], [link]
evaluation [link]
treatment [link]
see also scleroderma
Morquio's syndrome [link], [link]
mortality
of childhood rheumatic diseases [link][link]
impact of comorbidities [link]
mortality rates [link]
Page 107 of 188

Index
Morton's neuroma [link]
motion analysis [link]
motor development
delay or regression [link]
interaction with rheumatic disease [link]
normal milestones [link]
normal pattern [link]
motor neuronopathy [link]
mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage (MAGIC) syndrome [link]
-pioid receptor gene (OPRM1) [link]
MRSA see meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MuckleWells syndrome (MWS) [link], [link], [link]
mucolipidoses [link]
mucolytics, in Sjgren's syndrome [link]
clinical manifestations [link][link]
diagnosis [link]
pathogenesis [link]
therapy [link]
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, in Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link]
mucosal ulceration, in SLE [link]
mucosulfatidosis [link]
mucus, barrier function [link], [link]
multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) [link][link]
treatment and course [link][link]
multidirectional instability (MDI), shoulder [link]
multidisciplinary working [link][link]
in back pain [link][link]
occupational therapy [link][link]
pain management [link]
physiotherapy [link][link]
podiatry [link]
rheumatology nurse specialists [link], [link]
transitional care [link]
multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) [link]
Page 108 of 188

Index
multiple epiphyseal dysplasia [link], [link]
multiple hereditary exostoses (diaphyseal aclasia) [link], [link]
multiple sclerosis (MS)
differentiation from anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
differentiation from Sjgren's syndrome [link]
multipotent stem cells [link], [link][link]
therapy for joint disorders [link]
mumps, arthritis [link]
muramyl tripeptide (MTP) [link]
muscle [link][link]
ageing [link]
basic principles of action and design [link][link]
embryology [link]
facilitation of movement between adjacent structures [link]
microscopic structure [link]
repair and adaptation to demand [link][link]
structure and physiology [link][link]
muscle atrophy, biomechanics [link]
muscle biopsy [link], [link][link]
in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link][link]
Becker muscular dystrophy [link]
limb girdle muscular dystrophy [link]
McArdle's disease [link]
mitochondrial disorders [link]
muscle disorders
clinical approach [link][link]
muscle enzymes [link][link], [link], [link]
causes of elevated levels [link]
muscle fibres [link]
muscle infarction, in diabetes [link]
muscle injuries [link]
muscle loss, children [link]
muscle pain
causes [link]
muscle strength assessment [link], [link]
children [link]
muscle tenderness assessment [link][link]
muscle wasting [link]
of the hand [link]
muscle weakness
causes [link]
Page 109 of 188

Index
in children [link]
glucocorticoid-associated [link][link]
in juvenile dermatomyositis [link][link]
in sarcoidosis [link]
muscular dystrophies see non-inflammatory myopathies
musculoskeletal modelling [link]
musculoskeletal pain
definition [link]
genetics
association studies [link]
candidate genes [link][link]
challenges [link]
future prospects [link][link]
heritability [link]
twin studies [link]
mechanisms [link]
musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) see ultrasound imaging
MVK gene [link], [link]
myasthenia gravis, DPA-induced [link]
mycetoma [link]
mycobacterial antigens, role in sarcoidosis [link]
mycobacterial infections [link], [link][link], [link]
atypical [link]
leprosy [link][link]
osteoarticular [link], [link], [link], [link]
as trigger for vasculitis [link]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
adverse effects
on fertility [link]
indications for use
ANCA-associated vasculitis [link], [link]
interstitial lung disease [link][link]
SLE [link]
Page 110 of 188

Index
monitoring [link]
pregnancy and lactation [link], [link]
myelitis
in SLE [link]
myeloablative conditioning [link]
myeloid reactive protein (MRP), in JIA [link]
myeloma
acute kidney injury [link][link]
risk in RA [link]
myelopathy
in SLE [link]
myeloperoxidase (MPO), in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link]
myocardial fibrosis [link]
in systemic sclerosis [link], [link], [link]
myocarditis
in SLE [link]
in systemic-onset JIA [link][link]
myofascial pain, clinical features [link]
myofascial pain syndrome [link]
myoglobinuria [link]
myopathy [link][link]
clinical approach [link][link]
diagnosis [link]
endocrine disease-related [link]
glucocorticoid-associated [link][link]
investigations [link], [link][link]
neurophysiological studies [link][link], [link]
non-inflammatory [link][link]
in Sjgren's syndrome, management [link], [link]
myosin [link]
myositis [link][link]
management [link]
Page 111 of 188

Index
of ocular muscles [link]
see also dermatomyositis; inclusion body myositis; juvenile dermatomyositis; polymyositis
myositis-associated antibodies (MAA) [link], [link][link], [link]
myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) [link]
myotomes [link]
myotonia [link], [link]
myotonia congenita [link]
myotonic dystrophy (DM1, Steinhert's disease) [link][link]
N
nabumetone, in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
nailfold capillary microscopy [link], [link], [link]
in dermatomyositis [link], [link], [link], [link]
in systemic sclerosis [link], [link], [link]
in undifferentiated connective tissue disease [link][link]
nailpatella syndrome [link]
nails
normal anatomy and pathology [link]
in children [link]
in psoriasis [link][link], [link], [link]
NALP3 inflammasome
role in CPP deposition [link]
role in gout [link]
NALP12 associated periodic fever syndrome [link], [link]
naproxen
interaction with low-dose aspirin [link]
pharmacology [link]
nasal ulcers, in SLE [link]
National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) [link]
National Institute of Health Osteoarthritis Initiative (NIH OAI) [link]
natural killer (NK) cells [link], [link]
nausea and vomiting
in SLE [link]
naviculocuneiform joint [link]
neck pain
Page 112 of 188

Index
epidemiology [link]
massage therapy [link]
necrobiosis lipoidica [link]
necrobiotic xanthogranuloma [link]
necrotizing glomerulonephritis [link], [link], [link]
classification [link], [link], [link]
necrotizing myopathy, muscle biopsy findings [link][link]
needle electromyography [link][link]
see also electromyography
Neer's test [link], [link]
Neisseria spp., septic arthritis [link], [link]
nematode infections [link]
neonates
causes of fractures [link]
metabolic bone disease of prematurity [link][link]
neonatal lupus syndrome (NNLS) [link], [link], [link], [link]
neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID/CINCA) [link], 110, [link]
osteoarticular infections [link], [link]
neopterin [link]
nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) [link][link]
associated types of gadolinium contrast agent [link]
diagnosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
histopathology [link], [link]
management [link]
nephrolithiasis, association with gout [link]
nephropathy, in SLE [link][link]
nephrotic syndrome [link]
nerve conduction studies [link]
nerve growth factor (NGF) [link]
as therapeutic target [link], [link], [link][link]
nerve repellent factors [link]
nerve root compression [link][link]
nerve root pain [link], [link]
nerves
anatomy [link]
nested case control design [link]
neural amyloidosis [link]
neuroaxial analgesia [link]
neuroborreliosis [link], [link]
Page 113 of 188

Index
treatment [link]
neuroendocrine abnormalities [link][link]
circadian rhythms of hormones and cytokines [link][link]
fat deposits adjacent to inflamed tissue [link][link]
hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance [link]
sympathetic nervous system activation [link]
neurogenic claudication [link][link]
neurological examination [link]
children [link]
common localizations [link]
in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [link], [link]
in granulomatosis with polyangiitis [link][link]
principles of assessment [link]
in spondyloarthropathies [link]
in vasculitis [link]
neuromuscular junction disorders [link]
neuromuscular transmission [link]
neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) [link]
neuropathic activation [link][link]
neuropathic pain [link], [link], [link], [link]
central sensitization [link]
definition [link]
management [link][link], [link]
mechanisms [link]
neuropathy, in SLE [link]
clinical applications [link][link]
methodology [link][link]
Page 114 of 188

Index
in myositis [link]
neuropsychiatric SLE [link][link], [link][link], [link], [link], [link]
cyclophosphamide therapy [link]
neurosarcoidosis [link]
neutropenia [link][link]
drug-related [link]
azathioprine [link]
in SLE [link]
neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) [link]
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) [link]
neutrophilia [link]
neutrophilic dermatoses [link][link]
bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome [link], [link]
diagnostic procedures [link]
pyoderma gangrenosum [link][link]
rare conditions [link]
rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis [link]
Sweet's syndrome [link][link]
neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands [link]
neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis [link]
neutrophil recruitment, role of IL-17 [link]
neutrophils [link]
role in gout [link]
role in JIA [link]
New York criteria, ankylosing spondylitis [link]
NiemannPick disease [link]
nifedipine, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link]
night sweats [link]
night waking, children [link]
nitroglycerin, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link]
NLRP3 gene [link], [link]
NLRP proteins [link], [link], [link]
nocardia infection [link]
osteoarticular [link], [link]
nociception
peripheral [link][link]
nociceptive pain [link]
mechanisms [link]
nociceptive processing [link][link]
nociceptive system [link][link]
nociceptors [link], [link]
Page 115 of 188

Index
NOD2 [link]
NOD2 (CARD15) gene [link], [link]
nodal generalized osteoarthritis [link]
nodal osteoarthritis [link]
NOD-like receptors [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
nodular vasculitis [link][link]
nodules [link]
pulmonary [link][link]
rheumatoid [link], [link]
noise assessment [link]
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [link]
non-inflammatory myopathies (NIM) [link][link]
dystrophinopathies [link][link]
fascioscapular humeral muscular dystrophy [link]
limb girdle muscular dystrophy [link][link]
metabolic disorders [link]
mitochondrial disorders [link][link]
myotonic disorders [link][link]
non-matrix-producing bone tumours [link]
non-ossifying fibromas [link]
non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) [link]
CT appearance [link][link], [link]
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [link][link]
adverse effects
acute kidney injury [link], [link]
cardiovascular [link], [link], [link][link]
due to COX-1 inhibition [link]
on fertility [link]
intestinal barrier function impairment [link]
pulmonary toxicity [link]
indications for use [link]
CCP arthritis [link][link]
enthesitis [link]
gout [link][link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link], [link], [link]
osteoarthritis [link], [link]
rheumatic fever [link], [link][link]
Page 116 of 188

Index
rubella [link]
scleritis [link]
SLE [link], [link], [link]
perioperative use [link][link]
physiochemical and pharmacological data [link]
in pregnancy and lactation [link][link]
non-union, definition [link]
Norgaard (ballcatcher's) projection [link], [link]
normocholesterolaemic xanthomatosis see multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH)
NRKB1A [link]
N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type 1 (NTX) [link]
nuclear factor kappa beta (NFB) pathway
and connective tissue disorders [link]
and psoriasis [link]
nuclear imaging [link][link]
bone scintigraphy [link][link], [link], [link]
in children [link], [link]
positron emission tomography
in inflammatory myopathy [link]
malignancy screening [link]
in SLE [link]
in vasculitis [link][link], [link]
see also bone scintigraphy
nuclear medicine, radiation synovectomy [link][link]
nucleolar staining, ANA [link]
nucleoplasmic staining, ANA [link]
nucleosomes [link][link]
number needed to harm (NNH) [link]
number needed to treat (NNT) [link]
nurses, role in JIA management [link]
nurse specialists [link]
role in drug monitoring [link]
O
obesity
gout [link]
osteoarthritis [link], [link], [link], [link]
obliterative bronchiolitis [link]
Page 117 of 188

Index
CT appearance [link], [link]
occupational cervicobrachial disorder [link][link]
occupational exposures, role in pathogenesis of connective tissue disorders [link]
occupational history, in systemic illness [link]
occupational therapy [link][link]
ocrelizumab
in SLE [link]
Ocular Surface Disease Index [link]
oedema, in systemic sclerosis [link]
oesophageal disorders
carcinoma
bisphosphonate-associated [link]
risk in dermatomyositis [link]
diagnosis and management [link], [link]
juvenile disease [link]
oestrogen levels, androgen drain [link]
oestrogen replacement therapy, in osteoarthritis [link]
oestrogens
effect on joint tissue repair [link]
ofatumab [link]
olecranon bursitis [link], [link][link]
oligoarthritis [link][link]
aetiology [link]
case histories [link], [link]
diagnostic approach [link][link]
oligoarticular JIA (o-JIA) [link], [link][link]
Ollier's disease (enchondromatosis) [link]
omega-3 and -6 fatty acids, in Sjgren's syndrome [link]
omentin [link]
see also adipokines
OMERACT/Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) index [link]
OMERACT ultrasound task force [link], [link]
Onchocerca infections [link]
one-to-one patient education [link][link]
onion-skin' layers, bone tumours [link]
onycholysis [link], [link]
Page 118 of 188

Index
o'nyong-nyong virus [link][link]
opioid dependence [link]
opioids [link][link]
clinical indications [link][link]
osteoarthritis [link], [link]
emerging therapies [link]
mechanism of action [link]
pharmacokinetics [link][link]
side effects [link]
opportunistic infections [link][link]
common infection syndromes [link]
diagnosis and treatment [link][link]
fungal [link][link]
meningitis [link], [link]
multiorgan infections [link][link]
pneumonia [link]
prevention [link][link], [link]
role of immunosuppressant treatment [link][link]
skin, soft tissue, bone and joint [link]
OPRM1 [link]
optic neuropathy [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
OPTN gene [link]
oral hygiene, in Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link]
oral ulcers
Behet's disease [link], [link]
management [link]
orbital masses
in granulomatosis with polyangiitis [link], [link]
localized AL amyloidosis [link]
organizing pneumonia (OP) [link]
CT appearance [link], [link]
treatment [link]
organ system damage, children [link], [link][link]
orthoses [link]
orthostatic hypotension [link]
orthostatic intolerance [link]
orthotics [link]
OsgoodSchlatters disease [link], [link], [link]
OspA, OspC [link]
osteitis, association with enthesitis [link]
osteitis cystoides Jngling [link]
Page 119 of 188

Index
osteitis fibrosa [link], [link]
histological appearance [link]
osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC) [link]
osteitis pubis [link][link]
aggrecan degradation [link][link]
changes to joint tissues [link][link]
collagen degradation [link], [link]
early views [link][link]
environmental factors [link]
epidemiological factors [link]
epigenetic mechanisms [link], [link]
future perspectives [link][link]
genetic factors [link], [link][link], [link][link]
global changes in chondrocyte gene expression [link][link]
inflammation [link][link]
of pain [link]
role of growth factors [link]
role of obesity [link]
small-animal models [link]
association with other diseases [link], [link]
signs [link]
structural changes versus symptoms [link]
subsets' [link][link]
symptoms [link][link]
costs [link], [link]
CPP deposition [link][link], [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
differentiation from PsA [link]
as a feature of inherited disease [link]
imaging
MRI [link][link]
radiography [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
impact on work [link]
inflammatory [link][link]
management [link], [link][link], [link][link]
analgesia [link]
diet [link][link]
emerging therapies [link][link]
exercise [link]
Page 120 of 188

Index
foot osteoarthritis [link][link]
hand osteoarthritis [link]
holistic assessment [link]
NICE guidelines [link]
non-pharmacological treatments [link][link]
patient education [link]
pharmacological treatment [link][link]
structure modification [link][link]
surgery [link]
tissue engineering [link]
weight loss [link]
outcome measures [link][link], [link]
pain
mechanisms [link][link]
pathology
cartilage [link][link]
histological appearance [link]
synovium [link]
prognosis [link][link]
domains recommended for inclusion in RCTs [link]
regional
facet joint [link]
foot and ankle [link][link]
hand [link]
hip [link][link]
knee joint [link], [link]
therapeutic targets [link]
causative organisms [link][link], [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
investigations and diagnosis [link]
neonates [link]
see also osteomyelitis; septic arthritis
osteoblastoma [link]
osteoblasts [link], [link]
Page 121 of 188

Index
osteochondritis dissecans [link][link]
of capitellum [link]
of the knee [link], [link], [link], [link]
of the talar dome [link]
osteochondromas [link]
osteochondromatosis [link], [link]
osteoclasts [link][link], [link], [link]
mediators of differentiation and function [link], [link]
osteocytes [link]
osteogenesis imperfecta [link], [link][link], [link]
eye symptoms [link]
osteopenia [link]
osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) [link]
osteoid [link]
osteoid osteoma [link], [link]
radiofrequency ablation [link]9
osteolysis
secondary hyperparathyroidism [link], [link]
osteomalacia [link], [link][link], [link][link]
adult Fanconi's syndrome [link]
aetiology and classification [link], [link]
aluminium-induced [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
hypophosphataemia and hypophosphatasia [link]
biochemical abnormalities [link]
renal osteodystrophy [link][link]
tumour-induced [link]
vitamin D deficiency [link]
osteomyelitis [link][link], [link][link], [link]
causative organisms [link][link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
computed tomography [link]
epidemiology [link]
Page 122 of 188

Index
prognosis [link]
radiography [link]
risk factors [link]
spinal (discitis) [link], [link]
tuberculosis [link][link], [link]
see also osteoarticular infections
osteonecrosis
of the jaw [link], [link]
see also avascular necrosis
osteopathy [link], [link]
osteopenia [link]
definition [link]
radiographic assessment [link]
in thalassaemia [link][link]
osteopetrosis [link], [link], [link]
osteophytes
hook-like [link]
structure [link], [link]
osteopoikilosis [link]
osteopontin [link]
osteoporosis [link], [link], [link][link], [link][link]
aromatase inhibitor-associated [link]
associated conditions
acromegaly [link]
chronic kidney disease [link]
haemochromatosis [link][link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link][link], [link], [link]
sarcoidosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
glucocorticoid-associated [link], [link], [link], [link]
juvenile
primary [link][link]
secondary [link][link]
management [link]
bisphosphonates [link][link]
calcium and vitamin D [link][link]
cancer-induced bone loss [link]
Page 123 of 188

Index
denosumab [link][link]
duration of treatment [link]
fracture reduction of pharmacological interventions [link]
glucocorticoid-induced disease [link]
hormone replacement therapy [link]
in JIA [link][link]
in men [link][link]
monitoring of treatment [link]
parathyroid hormone analogues [link]
of vertebral fractures [link][link]
microscopic appearance [link]
protective factors [link]
risk factors [link], [link][link]
vertebral fractures [link], [link][link]
osteosarcoma [link]
chemotherapy [link]
incidence [link]
radiography [link]
osteotomy [link]
for femoral head necrosis [link]
in gout [link]
magnetic resonance imaging [link], [link][link]
in paediatric disease [link][link], [link][link], [link]
Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) [link][link]
of pain and function [link]
RCTs [link], [link][link]
in SLE [link]
outcome prediction, juvenile rheumatic disease [link]
confounding factors [link]
disability and quality of life [link][link]
in inflammatory arthritis [link][link]
in inflammatory myositis [link]
interrelationships [link][link]
Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) score [link][link]
Page 124 of 188

Index
rheumatoid arthritis outcome matrix [link]
out-toeing [link]
ovarian cancer risk, dermatomyositis [link]
overlap syndromes [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
classification and diagnostic criteria [link]
epidemiology [link]
outcome [link]
serology [link]
see also undifferentiated connective tissue disease
oxaprozin, in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
Oxford schema, dry eye assessment [link][link]
oxycodone [link]
combination with naloxone [link]
extended-release [link]
see also opioids
P
p38 pathway [link]
PACE4 [link]
PAD14 [link], [link]
Paediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCS)G, outcome measures [link][link]
Paediatric Rheumatology International Trial Organization (PRINTO) [link]
Paediatric Rheumatology Quality of Life Scale (PRQL) [link], [link]
Paget's disease of bone [link][link]
aetiology [link], [link], [link]
animal models [link]
epidemiology [link]
histological characteristics [link]
pain [link][link], [link]
definitions [link]
epidemiology [link]
evolutionary considerations [link]
fibromyalgia [link][link]
nature of [link]
nociceptive processing [link][link]
nociceptive system [link][link]
Page 125 of 188

Index
in osteoarthritis [link], [link][link]
peripheral nociception and sensitization [link][link]
see also back pain; hip pain; musculoskeletal pain; musculoskeletal pain disorders
pain assessment, children [link][link]
painful arc [link], [link], [link]
painful articular syndrome', in HIV infection [link]
painful red eye, differential diagnosis [link]
Pain Ladder [link]
pain management [link], [link]
in patients with dementia [link]
see also analgesia
pain management programmes (PMPs) [link]
pain mechanisms [link][link]
pain pathway [link]
and fibromyalgia [link]
paired amino acid converting enzyme 4 gene (PACE4), association with pain [link]
palindromic rheumatism [link]
palmar erythema [link]
palmar subluxation of MCPs [link], [link]
palmoplantare pustulosis (PPP) [link]
palpation [link][link]
palpometer (dolorimeter) [link][link]
pamidronate
in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis [link][link]
pancreatic disease
autoimmune [link]
in SLE [link]
pancreatic panniculitis [link], [link][link]
pancreatitis
risk from glucocorticoids [link]
in SLE [link]
Panner's disease [link], [link]
panniculitides [link][link], [link][link]
1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis [link]
calciphylaxis [link]
cancer-associated fasciitis panniculitis syndrome [link]
Page 126 of 188

Index
cold panniculitis [link]
in dermatomyositis [link]
diagnostic features [link][link]
erythema nodosum [link][link], [link]
factitial panniculitis [link]
infective [link]
lupus panniculitis [link][link]
nodular vasculitis [link][link]
pancreatic panniculitis [link][link]
rheumatoid nodules [link]
sclerosing panniculitis [link]
subcutaneous variants of dermal disorders [link][link]
traumatic [link]
panniculitis with leucocytoclastic vasculitis [link]
pannus
bone erosion [link]
see also synovial pathology
pansclerotic morphoea [link][link]
PantonValentine leucocidin (PVL) producing S. aureus [link], [link]
papules [link]
paracalcitol, in renal osteodystrophy [link]
paracetamol [link][link]
in osteoarthritis [link][link], [link]
Paracoccidiodes infections [link][link]
paraesthesiae [link]
Paragonimus infections [link]
paramyotonia [link]
paramyxovirus, and Paget's disease of bone [link]
parasitic infections [link][link]
differential diagnosis and investigations [link]
helminths [link][link]
immune defences [link][link], [link]
protozoa [link]
treatment [link]
parathyroid disorders [link][link]
parathyroidectomy [link]
parathyroid gland imaging [link]
parathyroid hormone (PTH) [link], [link]
serum levels in renal osteodystrophy [link], [link][link]
see also hyperparathyroidism
Page 127 of 188

Index
parathyroid hormone analogues [link]
parenteral nutrition-related bone disease [link]
parotid swelling [link]
Sjgren's syndrome [link]
paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) [link]
complement deficiency [link], [link]
ParryRomberg syndrome [link], [link], [link]
parvovirus B19 infection [link][link], [link]
diagnosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
management [link]
passive movements [link]
passive vaccination [link]
patellar alignment [link]
patellar dislocation and instability [link]
patellar tap [link]
patellar tendinopathy [link][link]
in children [link]
patellar tendon [link]
patellofemoral instability, in children [link]
patellofemoral joint, anatomy [link]
patellofemoral ligament injuries [link]
patellofemoral pain, in children [link][link]
patellofemoral syndrome [link]
pathergy reaction [link], [link]
pathogen-associates molecular patterns (PAMPs) [link], [link], [link]
innate immune system [link], [link]
patient consumerism [link]
patient education [link][link]
in back pain [link][link]
content and timing [link]
definitions and aims [link][link]
delivery methods [link][link]
evaluation [link][link]
in gout [link]
historical overview [link]
improvement [link]
role of occupational therapists [link]
Page 128 of 188

Index
role of rheumatology nurse specialists [link]
patient-related outcome measures (PROMS) [link][link], [link][link]
in paediatric disease [link][link]
pattern recognition receptors (PRPs) [link], [link], [link]
intracytoplasmic [link]
pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis [link]
PDW MRI [link]
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) [link], [link], [link], [link]
pegloticase [link]
trials in gout [link]
Pellegrini-Stieda disease [link], [link]
pelvic pain, in children [link]
pelvic trauma, computed tomography [link]
pemphigus, DPA-associated [link]
pencil-in-cup' deformity [link], [link], [link]
penicillamine [link]
monitoring [link]
penicillin, in polyarteritis nodosa [link]
pentazocine, scleroderma-like disease [link]
pentoxifylline, in leprosy [link]
peptidyl-arginine deaminases (PADs) [link], [link][link]
pericardial effusions, in systemic sclerosis [link]
pericarditis
pericellular matrix (PCM), cartilage [link]
periodic fever syndromes [link][link], [link], [link][link]
Blau's syndrome [link]
CANDLE syndrome [link]
CAPS [link]
DIRA [link]
DITRA [link]
familial Mediterranean fever [link], [link]
JMP syndrome [link]
mevalonate kinase deficiency [link][link]
NALP12 associated periodic fever syndrome [link]
PAPA [link][link]
PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) [link]
TRAPS [link][link]
periodontal disease [link]
peripheral neuropathy, neurophysiological studies [link]
Page 129 of 188

Index
peripheral spondyloarthritis [link]
ASAS classification criteria [link]
distinction from RA [link]
see also enteropathic arthropathy; psoriatic arthritis; reactive arthritis
peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) [link]
peripheral vascular disease, association with gout [link]
pernicious anaemia [link][link]
peroneal nerve disorders, symptoms and signs [link]
per protocol (PP) population, RCTs [link]
persistent oligoarticular JIA [link]
Perthes disease (osteonecrosis of the femoral head) [link], [link], [link]
radiography [link]
pes anserinus bursitis [link], [link]
pes cavus [link], [link]
pes planus [link], [link]
Peyer's patches [link]
documentation [link]
practical tips [link]
phagocytes [link][link]
phagocytosis, genetics [link]
pharmacoepidemiology [link]
phenacetin [link]
phenylkentonuria [link]
phosphate binders [link]
phosphate deficiency [link]
phosphate regulation [link], [link]
phospholipases [link]
photophobia, in Sjgren's syndrome [link]
photosensitivity, SLE [link][link], [link], [link], [link]
phototherapy, in localized scleroderma [link], [link]
physical examination [link], [link][link]
barriers to adequate performance [link][link]
of children [link], [link][link]
general examination [link][link]
limping [link][link]
evidence base [link]
GALS screening examination [link][link]
importance of clinical skills [link]
inspection [link]
in monoarticular disease [link][link]
objective assessment [link][link]
palpation [link][link]
Page 130 of 188

Index
poor performance and confidence [link]
postgraduate level skills [link], [link][link]
range of movement [link]
relationship to imaging [link]
REMS [link][link]
in septic arthritis [link]
systematic survey
ankle joints [link][link]
elbow joint [link], [link]
hands [link][link]
heels and feet [link]
hips [link]
knees [link]
sacroiliac joints [link][link]
shoulder girdle [link]
shoulder joints [link][link]
skin [link]
spine [link][link], [link][link], [link]
temperomandibular joints [link]
wrists [link][link]
training in [link]
physical function, relationship to mortality [link]
physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), muscle groups [link]
physiotherapy [link], [link][link]
in back pain [link]
in fibromyalgia [link][link]
in hypermobility syndromes [link][link]
work-related intervention [link]
piano-key' sign [link]
pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) [link], [link][link]
pilocarpine
for dry eyes [link], [link]
in xerostomia [link]
piriformis syndrome [link]
piroxicam
pharmacology [link]
pistol grip deformity, hip [link]
pituitary dysfunction, rheumatological manifestations [link]
pivot joints [link]
pixel size, CT images [link]
Page 131 of 188

Index
PL-7 antibodies, associated medical conditions [link]
plane synovial joints [link]
plantar fasciitis [link], [link], [link]
plaques, of skin [link]
plasma cells [link], [link]
plasma exchange
in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link], [link]
in SLE [link][link]
plasma-rich products, injection therapy [link]
Plasmodium spp. infections [link], [link]
platelet count [link]
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [link], [link]
PDGF inhibitors [link]
platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy [link]
pleural disease [link]
pleuritic pain [link]
pleuritis
pluripotent stem cells [link], [link][link]
pneumococcal vaccination [link], [link][link]
in immunocompromised patients [link], [link]
Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly Pneumocystis carinii) [link][link]
infection in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link][link]
pneumonia [link]
pneumonitis
methotrexate-associated [link]
in SLE [link][link]
pneumothorax, in hypermobility syndromes [link]
podiatry [link]
polarized light microscopy, synovial fluid [link]
polidocanol sclerosing treatment, in tendinopathy [link]
poliovirus vaccination [link]
polyarteritis, childhood disease [link]
polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) [link], [link], [link], [link]
association with viral infections [link][link]
Page 132 of 188

Index
cutaneous [link]
diagnosis, differentiation from microscopic polyangiitis [link]
eye symptoms [link]
key features [link]
predisposing factors [link]
pregnancy [link]
polyarticular disease [link][link]
associated systemic conditions [link]
chronicity of symptoms [link], [link]
comparison of inflammatory and degenerative disease [link]
crystal arthritis [link][link]
diagnosis [link][link], [link]
diagnostic paradigm [link]
inflammatory conditions [link][link]
non-degenerative disorders [link]
pulmonary complications, treatment [link]
sepsis [link]
polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link]
see also juvenile idiopathic arthritis
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Lyme borreliosis diagnosis [link]
TB diagnosis [link]
polymyalgia, diagnosis [link][link]
polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) [link], [link][link]
association with giant cell arteritis [link], [link]
classification criteria [link][link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
imaging [link]
positron emission tomography [link][link]
ultrasound [link]
management [link]
of relapse [link][link]
monitoring [link]
Page 133 of 188

Index
polymyositis [link][link], [link]
pulmonary complications [link], [link], [link]
SSc/polymyositis [link]
comorbidities
diagnosis [link]
DPA-induced [link]
epidemiology [link]
imaging
radiography [link]
muscle biopsy findings [link], [link]
juvenile [link]
management [link]
malignancy screening [link], [link][link]
CT appearance [link]
risk factors [link]
polyneuropathy, symptoms and signs [link]
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia [link]
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
metabolism [link]
supplementation in RA [link][link]
Pompe's disease [link]
Poncet's disease [link]
Popeye sign' [link]
popliteus tendinopathy [link], [link]
population attributable risk fraction [link]
populations, RCTs [link], [link]
population stratification [link]
Porphyromonas gingivalis [link]
positron emission tomography (PET)
in inflammatory myopathy [link]
in large-vessel vasculitis [link][link]
malignancy screening [link]
Page 134 of 188

Index
in osteoarticular infections [link]
in sarcoidosis [link]
in SLE [link]
in vasculitis [link][link], [link]
postcode' prescribing [link]
posterior cruciate ligament injuries [link]
posterior interosseous nerve palsy [link]
posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (PION) [link], [link][link]
posterior uveitis [link]
in SLE [link]
see also uveitis
posterolateral corner injury [link], [link], [link]
postgraduate training, examination skills [link], [link][link]
postinfectious arthritis, triggers [link]
postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome [link]
potassium iodide
in Sweet's syndrome [link]
Pott's disease [link], [link][link]
imaging [link], [link]
pouchitis [link]
power Doppler [link]
power of genetic studies [link], [link]
power of RCTs [link]
PR3, as target in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link]
prayer position' [link]
pre-B cell enhancing factor (PBEF/visfatin) [link], [link]
see also adipokines
prednisolone
effect on synovial pathology [link]
prednisone
delayed release [link]
pregabalin [link], [link]
pregnancy [link]
Page 135 of 188

Index
in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link][link]
mechanisms of pregnancy loss [link]
causes of late miscarriage [link][link]
and connective tissue disorders [link], [link]
Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link]
SLE [link], [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
drug use [link][link]
abatacept [link]
anti-cytokine therapy [link][link]
azathioprine [link], [link]
ciclosporin [link]
for disease complications [link]
glucocorticoids [link][link], [link]
gold [link]
hydroxychloroquine [link][link]
leflunomide [link], [link][link]
methotrexate [link]
NSAIDs [link][link]
rituximab [link]
sulphasalazine [link], [link]
effect on rheumatoid arthritis [link]
and inflammatory arthritides [link][link]
monitoring [link][link]
preconception counselling [link]
and TNF blockade [link]
and vasculitides [link][link]
Preiser's disease (scaphoid osteonecrosis) [link]
MRI [link]
premature ageing syndromes [link]
preoperative assessment [link], [link], [link][link], [link][link]
Preotact [link]
prepatellar bursitis [link], [link]
presenteeism [link]
prevalence of disease [link][link]
relative disease frequencies [link]
studies of [link]
Prevotella spp. [link]
primary angiitis of the central nervous system (pACNS) [link]
primary biliary cirrhosis, in Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link], [link]
primary care [link][link]
Page 136 of 188

Index
juvenile SLE [link]
patient presentation [link]
prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions [link][link]
referral parameters in axial spondyloarthropathy [link][link]
rheumatoid arthritis management [link]
primary systemic vasculitides (PSVs), in children [link], [link][link]
prime movers [link]
PRINTO, outcome measures [link][link]
PRKCQ [link]
probenecid [link]
procalcitonin (PCT), serum levels [link], [link]
procedural pain, role in chronic pain [link]
procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) [link]
profound (linear) morphoea [link]
progeria [link]
progressive hemifacial atrophy (ParryRomberg syndrome) [link], [link]
progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) [link]
proliferative glomerulonephritis, in SLE [link]
proof-of-concept trials [link]
Propionibacterium acnes, osteoarticular infections [link], [link]
propylthiouracil
ANCA induction [link]
lupus-like syndrome [link][link]
prostaglandins, role in nociception [link][link]
prostanoids, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link]
fungal [link][link]
protective factors [link]
protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 gene (PTPN22) [link]
proteinuria 186, [link]
assessment [link]
glomerular and tubular [link]
proteoglycans [link][link]
proton-pump inhibitors, use with COX inhibitors [link]
protozoal infections [link]
proximal diabetic neuropathy (diabetic amyotrophy) [link]
proximal interphalangeal joints, common problems [link]
proximal myotonic myopathy (DM2) [link]
pseudogout see calcium pyrophosphate deposition
pseudohyperparathyroidism [link]
pseudohypertrophy of muscles [link][link], [link], [link], [link]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, osteoarticular infections [link], [link], [link]
pseudoparalysis, osteoarticular infections [link], [link]
Page 137 of 188

Index
PSMB8 gene [link], [link]
psoas abscess [link]
psoriasis [link][link], [link], [link]
anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced [link][link]
association with ankylosing spondylitis [link]
hidden' lesions [link], [link]
pathogenesis, role of IL-22 [link]
Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) [link]
psoriatic arthritis [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
angiogenesis [link]
clinical features [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
axial involvement [link]
enthesitis [link]
foot and ankle [link]
costs [link]
cost-effectiveness analysis of biologics [link], [link]
genetics [link]
HLA B27 [link]
imaging [link]
MRI [link]
radiography [link][link], [link]
juvenile [link], [link], [link], [link]
pregnancy [link]
drug therapy [link]
prognosis [link]
RCT design [link]
synovial pathology [link][link]
Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Activity Index (PsAJAI) [link]
PSTPIP1 (CD2BP1) gene [link], [link], [link]
psychiatric diseases, epigenetic mechanisms [link], [link]
psychological effects of glucocorticoids [link]
psychological factors, impact on work participation [link][link]
psychological impact of rheumatic disorders [link][link]
physical functioning [link][link]
Page 138 of 188

Index
psychosocial wellbeing [link][link]
social functioning [link]
symptoms [link]
psychological variables, impact on well-being [link][link]
psychosis, in SLE [link]
psychosocial development, interaction with rheumatic disease [link]
psychosocial interventions [link][link]
PTGER4 [link]
ptosis, in non-inflammatory myopathies [link]
PTPN2 [link][link]
PTPN22 [link], [link], [link], [link]
and juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link], [link]
role in JIA [link]
PTPRC [link], [link]
pubic symphysis instability [link]
puffy fingers [link]
pulmonary artery disorders, Behet's disease [link], [link]
management [link]
pulmonary capillaritis [link]
pulmonary disease [link][link]
in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link], [link]
investigation [link][link]
CT imaging [link][link]
nuclear imaging [link]
in microscopic polyangiitis [link], [link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link][link], [link]
in sarcoidosis [link][link]
screening for lung disease [link]
in SLE [link][link]
in systemic sclerosis [link][link], 983, [link]
pulmonary embolism
in SLE [link]
pulmonary fibrosis (PF) [link][link]
pulmonary function tests [link], [link][link], [link]
Page 139 of 188

Index
pulmonary hypertension 1479, [link], [link], [link]
role of inflammation [link]
in SLE [link]
management [link]
vascular studies [link]
pulmonary infection [link]
pulmonary nodules [link][link]
causes [link]
in children [link]
pulmonary toxicity, drug-induced [link], [link]
pulse therapy, glucocorticoids [link]
in SLE [link][link]
purine degradation [link]
purpura
see also Henoch-Schnlein purpura (IgA vasculitis); idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
pustular bacterid (Andrew's disease) [link]
pustular pyoderma gangrenosum [link]
pustules [link]
pycnodysostosis [link], [link]
pyoderma gangrenosum [link]2, [link][link], [link]
pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) [link], [link][link]
pyrin [link], [link]
pyrophosphate metabolism [link]
Q
Q angle [link]
qigong [link], [link]
quadriceps [link]
quadriceps tendinopathy [link], [link]
quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) [link], [link]
quality of life (QoL), impact of rheumatic disease [link]
children [link]
quality of life measures [link], [link], [link][link]
in paediatric disease [link][link], [link]
Quality of My Life Questionnaire (QoMLQ) [link]
quantification, magnetic resonance imaging [link]
Quantitative Monitoring of Patients with RA (QUEST-RA) study [link], [link], [link]
QUEST-RA programme [link]
QUEST-RA study [link], [link], [link]
quinolones, corneal deposits [link][link]
Page 140 of 188

Index
R
RABBIT registry [link]
radial nerve disorders
entrapment neuropathy, investigation [link]
radiation dose, computed tomography [link]
radiation synovectomy [link][link], [link]
radicular pain [link][link]
radiculopathy, neurophysiological studies [link][link]
radiocontrast agents
nephrotoxicity [link][link]
see also gadolinium
of chest [link][link]
in children [link], [link][link], [link]
in classification of RA [link]
lung disease investigation [link][link]
preoperative [link], [link]
specific conditions
ankylosing spondylitis [link], [link], [link]
avascular necrosis [link], [link], [link]
bone tumours [link]
brucellar arthritis [link], [link]
connective tissue disorders [link]
crystal arthritides [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
diffuse skeletal hyperostosis [link][link]
haemochromatosis [link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link][link]
osteoarthritis [link][link], [link]
osteomalacia [link]
osteomyelitis [link], [link]
Paget's disease of bone [link], [link]
psoriatic arthritis [link][link], [link], [link]
reactive arthritis [link][link], [link]
rheumatic fever [link], [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link], [link][link]
SAPHO syndrome [link]
septic arthritis [link]
TB [link], [link]
Page 141 of 188

Index
standard assessment approach [link][link]
radiolabelled SAP scintigraphy [link], [link], [link]
radiotherapy
for bone tumours [link]
in enthesitis [link]
radius, distal epiphyseal stress injury [link]
RAG enzymes [link]
ragocytes, synovial fluid microscopy [link]
raloxifene [link]
randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [link][link]
blinding and bias [link]
disease-specific design
inflammatory arthritides [link], [link]
systemic lupus erythematosus [link][link]
external validity [link]
interpretation [link]
outcome measures [link], [link][link]
phases [link][link]
statistical analyses [link][link]
treatment allocation and rescue [link]
types of analyses [link]
recommended domains for osteoarthritis RCTs [link]
range of movement assessment [link][link]
active and passive movements [link]
ankle joint [link]
elbow [link]
in gait analysis [link]
goniometer [link]
hand [link]
hip joint [link]
knee joint [link]
in the limping child [link][link]
lumbar spine [link]
sacroiliac joint [link]
shoulder girdle [link]
thoracic spine [link]
wrist [link]
RANKL
role in bone erosion [link], [link][link]
role in JIA [link]
role in osteoclast differentiation [link][link]
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) [link], [link]
rasburicase [link]
rashes [link], [link]
in dermatomyositis [link], [link], [link]
Page 142 of 188

Index
drug eruptions [link][link], [link]
drug-induced
azathioprine [link]
gold [link][link]
erythema multiforme [link]
examination and description [link]
juvenile SLE [link]
in the limping child [link]
sarcoidosis [link]
in sJIA [link]
see also skin
RATIO registry [link]
Raynaud's phenomenon [link], [link]
diagnosis [link]
foot [link]
in SLE [link]
reactive arthritis [link], [link], [link], 77, [link][link]
association with ankylosing spondylitis [link]
definitions [link]
historical perspective [link][link]
imaging [link]
prognosis [link]
triggering infections [link]
reactive systemic amyloidosis (AA amyloidosis) [link], [link][link]
rebound phenomenon', rheumatic fever [link]
recombinant uricase [link]
reconstitution, HSCT [link]
rectal examination [link]
Page 143 of 188

Index
red flags
back pain [link], [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
bone tumours [link]
reduced intensity conditioning, HSCT [link]
referred pain [link]
reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) [link]
regenerative medicine [link]
therapy for joint disorders [link][link]
tissue engineering strategies [link][link]
regional examination of the musculoskeletal system (REMS) [link][link]
regional migratory osteoporosis [link][link], [link]
registries [link]
see also biologics registries
regulatory T cells (Tregs) [link], [link][link]
balance with Th17 cells [link]
rehabilitation, occupational therapy [link][link]
Reiter's syndrome [link]
see also reactive arthritis
REL [link], [link]
relapse management, juvenile SLE [link]
relapsing polychondritis [link], [link], [link]
relationships, impact of rheumatic disease [link]
relative disease frequencies [link][link]
remission
in childhood rheumatic conditions [link][link]
definition in JIA [link]
remitting, seronegative, symmetric synovitis with pitting oedema of hands and forefeet (RS3PE)
syndrome [link]
renal amyloidosis [link]
renal dysfunction
anti-phospholipid syndrome [link], [link]
C3 glomerulopathy [link], [link]
diagnostic algorithm [link]
drug-associated
ciclosporin [link]
DPA [link]
gold [link]
in gout [link]
Page 144 of 188

Index
necrotizing glomerulonephritis [link]
nephrogenic systemic fibrosis [link][link], [link]
in SLE [link][link], [link][link], [link], [link], [link]
management [link]
in systemic sclerosis [link][link], [link]
management [link]
see also acute kidney injury (AKI); chronic kidney disease (CKD)
renal function assessment [link][link], [link][link]
children [link]
renal osteodystrophy [link][link], [link][link]
adynamic bone disease [link][link]
aluminium-induced disease [link]
histological classification [link]
hyperphosphataemia [link]
periarticular calcification [link]
secondary hyperparathyroidism
clinical features and investigations [link][link]
renal transplantation
in SLE [link]
renal ultrasound [link]
renal vasculitis [link]
assessing response to treatment [link]
classification [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
repetitive strain injury [link][link]
resistin [link][link]
see also adipokines
respiratory burst' phenomenon [link]
respiratory disease see pulmonary disease
respiratory examination [link]
children [link]
reticulohistiocytosis see multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH)
retinal vasculitis [link]
in SLE [link]
retinopathy, hydroxychloroquine-associated [link], [link]
retrocalcaneal bursitis [link][link]
Page 145 of 188

Index
retrovirus infections [link]
revascularization procedures, in large-vessel vasculitis [link]
rheumatic fever [link][link]
diagnostic criteria [link], [link]
follow-up and secondary prophylaxis [link][link]
monitoring [link]
cartilage destruction [link]
causes of death [link]
classification criteria [link][link], [link][link], [link][link], [link]
role of radiographic examination [link]
classification vs. diagnosis [link]
amyloidosis [link], [link]
axial joints [link]
cervical spine involvement [link][link], [link], [link]
dermatological manifestations [link][link]
disease onset [link]
elbow involvement [link]
eye involvement [link], [link][link]
fatigue [link], [link], [link]
Felty's syndrome [link]
foot and ankle involvement [link][link]
gastrointestinal manifestations [link][link]
haematological abnormalities [link]
hand involvement [link]
hip involvement [link]
large and medium-sized joints [link]
lung and cardiac involvement [link]
pulmonary complications [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
rheumatoid nodules [link], [link]
small joints [link][link]
vasculitis [link]
wrist involvement [link][link]
comorbidities [link][link]
cardiovascular disease [link], [link], [link][link], [link][link], [link], [link]
Page 146 of 188

Index
infections [link], [link][link]
malignancy [link], [link], [link]
osteoporosis [link]
overlapping autoimmune diseases [link]
costs [link]
diagnosis [link], [link][link]
consequences of delayed diagnosis [link][link]
initial evaluation [link][link]
tree algorithm [link]
differential diagnosis [link][link], [link]
differentiation from PsA [link]
disease activity assessment [link], [link], [link], [link]
early diagnosis [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
fertility [link]
genetics [link], [link][link]
genome-wide association studies [link][link]
HLA DRB1 [link][link]
PAD14 [link]
protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) [link]
risk loci [link]
STAT4 [link]
imaging
bone scintigraphy [link][link]
MRI [link][link]
PET [link]
radiography [link], [link], [link]
impact on work [link][link]
joint-sparing effect of glucocorticoids [link][link]
laboratory investigations [link][link]
analgesia [link]
annual review [link], [link]
diet [link][link]
early intervention [link], [link][link]
fibroblasts as therapeutic target [link][link]
glucocorticoid injections [link]
Page 147 of 188

Index
guidelines [link][link]
monotherapy vs combination therapy [link][link]
radiation synovectomy [link][link]
rituximab [link][link], [link]
treating to target [link]
window of opportunity [link][link]
mortality, predictors of [link]
neurological assessment [link]
outcome [link][link]
effects of treatment [link][link]
pain
mechanisms [link]
pathogenesis [link], [link], [link][link]
adipokines [link][link]
of bone resorption [link][link]
of cartilage destruction [link][link]
cellular mediators of effector response in situ [link][link]
genetic factors [link][link]
initiation of systemic immune response [link][link]
insight from genetic studies [link]
neovascularization [link]
persistence vs. resolution of inflammation [link][link]
RASFs (RA synovial fibroblasts) [link][link]
role of B cells [link][link]
role of IL-22 [link]
synovial biochemistry [link]
synovial inflammation [link][link]
synovial stromal response [link]
drug therapy [link]
prognostic markers [link]
SLE/RA [link]
surgery
elbow [link][link]
hand and wrist [link][link]
shoulder joints [link]
bone erosion [link], [link]
Page 148 of 188

Index
cytokines [link]
ectopic lymphoid structures [link][link], [link]
intimal lining layer [link][link]
sublining layer [link][link]
synovial subtypes [link]
rheumatoid arthritis outcome matrix [link]
rheumatoid factor (RF) [link][link], [link]
associated rheumatic conditions [link], [link], [link]
in children [link]
in JIA [link]
RF-negative polyarticular JIA [link], [link]
RF-positive polyarticular JIA [link], [link]
in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
in viral arthritis [link]
rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis [link], [link]
rheumatoid nodules [link], [link], [link], [link]
methotrexate-associated [link]
pulmonary [link][link]
rheumatoid vasculitis [link], [link][link], [link]
rheumatology nurse specialists [link]
role in drug monitoring [link]
ribavirin, in HCV infection [link]
rickets [link][link]
aetiology and classification [link], [link]
definition [link]
inherited forms [link], [link]
biochemical abnormalities [link]
radiography [link]
tumour-induced osteomalacia [link]
vitamin D-resistant [link][link]
rifampicin, CYP induction [link]
rigeromid [link]
RIG-I-like helicases [link], [link]
rilonacept
in chronic CCP arthritis [link]
in periodic fever syndromes [link]
risedronate [link]
in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis [link]
Page 149 of 188

Index
risk factors [link]
Ritchie articular index [link]
rituximab [link][link], [link][link], [link]
clinical trials [link], [link]
indications for use [link]
ANCA-associated vasculitis [link], [link], [link], [link]
interstitial lung disease [link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [link]
SLE [link], [link], [link]
vasculitis [link]
mode of action [link]3
in pregnancy and lactation [link]
safety [link], [link]
Rochester Epidemiology Project [link]
rofecoxib [link]
Romanus lesions [link], [link]
Rose Bengal test (RBT), brucellosis [link][link]
RoseWaaler test [link]
Ro(SS-A) antibodies, associated medical conditions [link]
Ross River virus (epidemic polyarthritis) [link][link]
rotation [link]
rotator cuff
anatomy [link][link], [link]
calcification [link][link]
main actions [link]
Page 150 of 188

Index
surgery [link]
tendinopathy [link][link]
rs numbers [link]
rubella [link][link]
rubella vaccination [link]
ruffled border, osteoclasts [link]
rugger jersey' spine [link], [link]
S
sacroiliac joint
sacroiliitis [link]
in ankylosing spondylitis [link], [link]
brucellosis [link][link]
enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) [link]
imaging
ultrasound [link]
saddle (sellar) joints [link]
saddle area sensation loss [link]
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) [link], [link], [link]
safety' population, RCTs [link]
sagittal balance [link]
salivary gland pathology
causes [link]
differential diagnosis [link][link], [link]
salivary gland stimulation [link][link]
saliva substitutes [link]
salmonella infections
aortitis [link][link]
osteoarticular [link], [link]
reactive arthritis [link], [link]
salmon pink rash, sJIA [link]
salt and pepper' appearance, secondary hyperparathyroidism [link], [link]
sample size, genetic studies [link], [link]
Sandhoff's disease [link]
Sanfilippo's syndrome [link]
Sarcocystis spp. infections [link]
Page 151 of 188

Index
sarcoid arthritis, differentiation from RA [link]
sarcoidosis [link], [link], [link][link]
aetiology [link]
acute and chronic disease [link]
cutaneous involvement [link][link]
musculoskeletal manifestations [link][link]
organ involvement [link]
thoracic manifestations [link][link]
disease definition [link]
early onset [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
genetics [link]
histology [link]
immunopathogenesis [link][link]
radiographic types [link]
sarcomere damage, exercise-induced [link]
sarcomere structure [link]
sarcopenia [link], [link]
sausage digits [link], [link]
sawtooth appearance [link], [link]
scaffolds [link]
scales [link]
scaphoid fractures, computed tomography [link]
scaphoid non-union advanced collapse (SNAC) [link]
scaphoid osteonecrosis (Preiser's disease), MRI [link], [link]
scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) [link]
scapular winging [link], [link], [link]
scapulothoracic joint [link]
scars [link]
Scheie's syndrome [link]
Scheuermann's disease [link], [link]
Schirmer's test [link], [link]
schistosomiasis [link], [link]
Schmorl's nodes [link]
Schober 10cm test [link]
sciatica [link]
use of term [link]
sciatic stretch test [link]
scleritis [link], [link]
scleromalacia perforans [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
Page 152 of 188

Index
treatment [link]
sclerodactyly [link]
scleroderma [link], [link]
childhood disease [link]
differentiation from nephrogenic systemic sclerosis [link]
malignancy risk [link], [link]
skin thickness assessment [link]
therapy
haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [link][link], [link]
see also systemic sclerosis
scleroderma, localized 984, [link][link]
classification [link][link], [link], [link][link], [link]
disease monitoring [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
evaluation [link]
extracutaneous manifestations [link]
scleroderma renal crisis [link][link], [link], [link][link]
scleroedema [link], [link]
scleromyxedema [link]
sclerosing cholangitis [link]
sclerosing panniculitis [link]
sclerosteosis [link], [link], [link]
sclerostin [link]
SCN9A, and pain perception [link][link]
scoliosis [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
screening
GALS examination [link][link]
for lung disease [link]
pGALS examination [link][link]
for uveitis in JIA [link], [link]
scurvy [link]
sedation, in paediatric imaging [link]
seizures, in SLE [link][link]
selectins [link]
selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) [link]
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in neuropathic pain [link]
Page 153 of 188

Index
self-care [link]
self-efficacy [link]
self-management, young people [link][link]
semaphorins [link]
senile transthyretin amyloidosis [link], [link]
sensitization
central [link]
peripheral nociception [link]
sensory action potentials (SAPs) [link]
sensory ataxic neuronopathy [link]
septic arthritis [link], [link][link], [link][link]
causative organisms [link], [link][link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link], [link][link]
joints most frequently affected [link]
definition [link]
hip [link]
MRI [link][link]
radiography [link]
synovial fluid examination [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
multifocal [link]
pathophysiology [link][link], [link]
risk factors [link]
injection therapy [link]
antibiotic therapy [link][link]
BSR management guidelines [link]
surgical management [link]
tuberculosis [link], [link], [link][link]
see also fungal infections; osteoarticular infections
septic bursitis [link]
sequestosome 1, role in Paget's disease of bone [link]
sequestra, computed tomography [link]
serology [link][link]
in brucellosis [link][link]
HBV [link]
HCV [link]
in Lyme borreliosis [link][link]
parvovirus B19 diagnosis [link]
Page 154 of 188

Index
rubella diagnosis [link][link]
in vasculitis [link][link]
see also autoantibodies
seronegative enthesopathy and arthropathy syndrome (SEA) see enthesitis-related arthritis
(ERA)
serositis, in SLE [link], [link], [link]
serotonergic system, role in pain perception [link]
serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), in neuropathic pain [link]
serum agglutination test (SAT), brucellosis [link]
serum amyloid A protein (SAA) [link]
serum amyloid P (SAP) [link]
Sever's disease [link]
sex ratios
in bone tumours [link]
in chondrocalcinosis [link]
fibromyalgia [link]
in pyoderma gangrenosum [link][link]
sexual maturation [link]
impact of childhood rheumatic disease [link]
S Factor Campaign [link]
SH2B3 [link], [link]
shared epitope hypothesis, HLA DRB1 [link]
shawl sign, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [link]
sheet' calcification [link]
shigella infections, reactive arthritis [link]
shin splints' [link]
Short Form 36 (SF-36) [link][link], [link]
scores in rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
shortness of breath see dyspnoea
short stature [link]
achondroplasia [link]
short tau inversion recovery (STIR) MRI sequences [link]
shoulder girdle, physical examination [link]
shoulderhand syndrome [link]
shoulder joint
MR arthrograms [link]
Page 155 of 188

Index
surrounding muscles [link]
disorders of [link][link]
acromioclavicular joint disorders [link]
acute dislocation [link]
adhesive capsulitis [link][link]
biceps tendon lesions [link]
calcium hydroxyapatite deposition [link]
instability [link][link]
rotator cuff disorders [link][link]
sternoclavicular joint disorders [link]
subacromial impingement syndrome [link][link]
in children [link]
surgery [link]
shoulder pain
shrinking lung' syndrome [link]
Shulman's syndrome (eosinophilic fasciitis) [link]
shunt muscles [link]
sialadenitis, nodular osteoarthritis, and xerostomia (SNOX) syndrome [link]
sibrotuzumab [link]
sicca syndrome
see also Sjgren's syndrome
coincidental rheumatological illness [link]
commoner types [link]
rheumatological manifestations [link][link]
side effects see adverse effects of medication
signalling pathway inhibitors [link], [link][link]
baricitinib [link]
fostamatinib [link]
tofacitinib [link][link]
sildenafil, in Raynaud's phenomenon [link]
silica exposure [link]
silicone breast implants [link]
silicosis, association with systemic sclerosis [link]
Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY) [link], [link]
Page 156 of 188

Index
Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) [link], [link]
Sindbis virus [link]
SindingLarsenJohansson syndrome [link], [link]
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [link][link], [link]
single-organ vasculitis [link][link]
single photon emission CT (SPECT) [link]
Sjgren's syndrome [link][link]
fertility and pregnancy [link][link]
ocular symptoms [link][link]
oral symptoms [link][link]
pancreatic disease [link]
systemic features [link][link]
vaginal dryness and dyspareunia [link]
vasculitis [link]
comorbidities
coeliac disease [link]
retrovirus infections [link]
SLE [link], [link]
diagnostic pitfalls [link]
disease assessment [link][link]
immunopathology [link]
serology [link], [link]
management
challenges [link][link]
of fatigue [link][link]
of lymphoma [link], [link]
ocular manifestations [link][link]
oral manifestations [link][link]
rituximab [link]
systemic manifestations [link][link], [link]
mouse models [link]
potential triggers [link]
Page 157 of 188

Index
prevalence [link]
skeletal dysplasias [link][link]
alkaptonuria [link]
bone density disorders [link][link]
chondrodyplasias [link][link]
diet-related [link][link]
dysostoses [link]
EhlersDanlos syndrome [link]
FGF-23 related disorders [link]
fibrous dysplasia [link]
Marfan's syndrome [link][link]
metaphyseal dysplasias [link][link]
multiple hereditary exostoses [link], [link]
osteogenesis imperfecta [link][link]
vitamin D-resistant rickets [link][link]
skeletal maturation [link][link]
skin [link][link]
dermatological descriptors [link][link]
drug eruptions [link][link], [link]
effects of glucocorticoids [link][link]
features of systemic illness [link]
manifestations of rheumatological disease
Behet's disease [link][link]
dermatomyositis [link][link], [link]
hypermobility syndromes [link][link], [link]
lupus [link]
nephrogenic systemic fibrosis [link]
panniculitis [link][link], [link]
psoriasis [link][link]
pyoderma gangrenosum [link]2
sarcoidosis [link][link], [link]
scleroderma [link], [link][link]
in Sjgren's syndrome [link], [link], [link]
in children [link]
structure and function [link]
treatment modalities [link]
see also rashes
skin biopsy [link]
Page 158 of 188

Index
skin cleaning, preoperative [link]
skin elasticity assessment [link]
skin infections [link]
skin patches see transdermal analgesia
slapped cheeks', erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) [link][link]
SLC2A9, role in gout [link]
SLE see systemic lupus erythematosus
sleep difficulties
fibromyalgia [link][link]
slipped capital femoral epiphysis [link], [link]
SMAD3 [link]
small bowel disorders, in systemic sclerosis [link]
small-vessel vasculitis [link][link]
see also anti-GBM disease; cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis; eosinophilic granulomatosis with
polyangiitis (EGPA, ChurgStrauss syndrome); granulomatosis with polyangiitis;
hypocomplementaemic vasculitis; IgA vasculitis
smoke ring' skin lesions [link]
smoking
and connective tissue disorders [link]
and HUVS [link]
and hydroxychloroquine therapy [link]
and rheumatoid arthritis [link], [link]
role in osteoporosis [link]
snapping hip' syndrome [link], [link]
snapping noises [link]
Sneddon's syndrome [link]
social history, in systemic illness [link]
social learning theory [link]
social problems
impact on work participation [link]
social support [link]
sodium aurothiomalate see gold
sodium channel protein type 9 (SCN9A) gene, association with pain [link]
sodium channels, role in nociception [link]
soft tissue calcification, causes [link]
Page 159 of 188

Index
soft tissue infections [link]
soft tissue injuries, hip region [link]
soft tissue swelling, radiographic assessment [link], [link]
solitary osteochondromas [link]
soluble IL-2 receptor (sL-2R, sCD25) [link]
sparteine/derisoquine oxidase, association with pain [link]
spasticity, children [link][link], [link]
Speed's test [link]
sphingolipid activating protein deficiency [link]
sphingolipidoses [link]
spinal canal stenosis [link], [link][link]
spinal claudication [link]
spinal cord, anatomy [link]
spinal cord disorders, symptoms and signs [link]
spinal CPPD [link]
spinal deformity [link]
spinal instability [link][link]
spinal pain [link][link]
causes [link][link]
of non-specific low back pain [link][link]
prevention [link]
red flags [link]
referred pain versus nerve root pain [link]
see also back pain
spinal pathology [link][link]
spinal stenosis [link], [link][link]
spinal surgery [link][link]
for back pain [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
fusion [link], [link], [link]
for radicular pain and neurological compression [link][link]
for spinal stenosis [link][link]
spinal trauma, computed tomography [link], [link]
spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease) [link], [link][link]
imaging [link], [link]
spinal tumours [link], [link]
spindling, PIP joints [link]
spine
Page 160 of 188

Index
anatomy [link][link], [link][link]
ankylosing spondylitis
radiographic imaging [link], [link]
brucellar spondylitis [link], [link]
treatment [link]
involvement in non-inflammatory myopathies [link]
magnetic resonance imaging [link][link], [link][link], [link]
mobility assessment [link]
prognosis [link]
psoriatic arthritis, radiographic imaging [link]
Spirometra infections [link]
spirometry [link], [link]
spleen tyrosine kinase (SyK) inhibitors [link], [link]
splinter haemorrhages [link]
spondylitis
brucellar [link], [link]
treatment [link]
Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) [link]
Spondyloarthitis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), enthesitis index [link]
spondyloarthropathies [link][link]
adipokines [link]
enthesitis [link][link]
genetic factors [link][link]
ankylosing spondylitis [link][link]
epidemiology [link]
HLA associations [link][link]
imaging
MRI [link][link], [link]
peripheral, distinction from RA [link]
synovial pathology [link]
see also ankylosing spondylitis; enteropathic arthropathy; peripheral spondyloarthritis;
psoriatic arthritis; reactive arthritis
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias [link], [link]
spondylolisthesis [link], [link]
in children [link]
Page 161 of 188

Index
spondylolysis [link], [link]
in children [link]
spondylosis [link]
spooning' sign, rheumatic chorea [link]
Sporothrix infections [link]
sports injuries [link][link]
ligaments [link][link]
muscles [link]
regenerative therapies [link]
tendon ruptures [link][link]
sports participation, osteoarthritis risk [link]
SQSTM1 gene [link]
SSATG registry [link]
stability, synovial joints [link]
stability assessment, knee joint [link]
stance phase [link]
standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) [link][link]
staphylococcal protein A (SPA) [link]
Staphylococcus aureus
osteoarticular infections [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
treatment [link]
STAT4 [link], [link]
and juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link]
statin-induced myopathy [link][link]
statins, effect on endothelial function [link][link]
statistical analyses, RCTs [link][link]
Steinhert's disease (myotonic dystrophy, DM1) [link][link]
stem cells [link], [link][link]
development [link]
stem cell therapies, definitions [link]
stem cell transplantation
see also haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; mesenchymal stem cell transplantation
stenosing flexor tenosynovitis see trigger digit
sternoclavicular joint [link]
disorders of [link]
steroids [link]
Page 162 of 188

Index
see also glucocorticoid injections; glucocorticoids
Stickler's syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
eye symptoms [link]
stiffness
see also morning stiffness
stork test [link]
straight leg raise test (Lasgue's sign) [link], [link]
streptococcal infection
microbiological investigations [link]
opportunistic [link]
osteoarticular [link], [link], [link], [link]
see also rheumatic fever
stress fractures, computed tomography [link]
striae [link]
stroke
Strongyloides infections [link], [link]
structured patient evaluation [link], [link]
structure modification
studies, observational, study designs [link]
St Vitus' dance (Sydenham's chorea) [link], [link]
subacromial bursa, injection technique [link][link]
subacromial impingement syndrome [link][link]
subacromial space [link]
subchondral bone resorption, secondary hyperparathyroidism [link], [link]
subchondral cysts [link], [link]
subchondral destruction, magnetic resonance imaging [link]
subchondral erosion, erosive osteoarthritis [link]
subchondral lucencies (geodes) [link], [link]
subchondral sclerosis [link], [link]
subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SCPD) [link]
subcutaneous granuloma annulare [link]
subdeltoid bursa, ultrasound-guided injection [link]
subluxation, in hypermobility syndromes [link]
subperiosteal bone resorption [link]
Page 163 of 188

Index
subscapularis muscle [link], [link]
subscapularis tendinopathy [link]
subtalar joint
ranges of movement [link]
subtrochanteric fractures, bisphosphonate-associated [link]
sulindac, in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
sulphasalazine (sulfasalazine) [link]
adverse effects
on fertility [link]
pulmonary toxicity [link]
indications for use
enthesitis [link]
ulcerative colitis [link]
monitoring [link]
in pregnancy and lactation [link]
sulphinpyrazone [link]
sunray spicules', bone tumours [link]
superficial peroneal nerve, neurophysiological studies [link], [link]
superiority analyses, RCTs [link]
superior pole hip osteoarthritis [link]
supraspinatus muscle
anatomy [link]
main actions [link]
supraspinatus tendinitis [link], [link]
empty can test [link]
effectiveness [link]
general principles [link][link]
and glucocorticoid therapy [link]
regional
lower limb [link][link]
spine [link][link], [link]
upper limb [link][link]
parathyroidectomy [link]
Page 164 of 188

Index
perioperative immunosuppression [link][link], [link]
perioperative NSAIDs [link][link]
physical examination [link][link], [link][link]
preoperative assessment [link], [link], [link][link], [link][link]
prior investigations [link]
risks [link][link]
specific conditions
bone tumours [link]
chronic osteomyelitis [link]
femoral head necrosis [link]
hypermobility syndromes [link][link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
ligament repairs [link]
localized scleroderma [link]
Paget's disease of bone [link]
in tuberculosis [link]
tendon repairs [link]
surgical site infection (SSI) [link][link]
osteomyelitis [link]
risk factors [link]
surveys, epidemiological [link]
swan-neck deformity [link], [link], [link]
Sweet's syndrome [link], [link][link]
swelling
assessment [link]
of hand [link]
swing phase [link]
Swiss Clinical Quality Management (SCQM) registry [link]
switching therapies, data from biologics registries [link][link]
Sydenham's chorea (St Vitus' dance) [link], [link]
sympathetic nervous system, increased activity [link]
symphyses (secondary cartilaginous joints) [link]
syncope [link]
syndecans [link]
syndecan-4 [link][link]
syndesmophytes [link], [link]
synovectomy, radiation/chemical [link][link], [link]
synovial biopsy [link]
synovial fluid
disease-related changes [link]
Page 165 of 188

Index
normal characteristics [link]
synovial fluid analysis [link], [link][link], [link], [link]
chemistry [link][link]
CPP crystals [link], [link]
cytocentrifuge preparation [link][link]
diagnostic value [link]
ferritin concentration [link]
in fungal arthritis [link][link]
Cocccidiodes infections [link][link]
in gout [link]
in Lyme borreliosis [link]
microbiology [link]
in monoarticular disease [link], [link]
nucleated cell count [link][link]
in prosthetic joint infections [link]
in septic arthritis [link], [link]
wet preparation [link][link]
synovial hypertrophy, biomechanical action [link]
synovial joints [link]
biomechanical and functional considerations [link]
general features [link][link]
subclasses [link][link]
synovial osteochondromatosis, magnetic resonance imaging [link]
biochemistry in arthritis [link]
bone erosion [link], [link]
cytokines [link]
drug effects [link][link]
ectopic lymphoid structures [link][link], [link]
in gout [link]
intimal lining layer [link][link]
in peripheral spondyloarthritis [link]
in spondyloarthritis [link]
sublining layer [link][link]
synovial plica syndrome [link]
synovial sheaths, tendons [link]
synovial stroma, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
synovio-entheseal complexes [link]
synovitis
ultrasound imaging [link][link], [link]
in OA [link]
Page 166 of 188

Index
synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hypersotosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome [link]
synovium [link][link]
adipokine production [link]
composition and biochemistry [link][link]
fibroblast-like synoviocytes [link]
imaging
MRI [link], [link]
ultrasound [link]
radiation synovectomy [link][link]
systemic arthritis, in children [link]
systemic illness [link][link]
children [link][link]
malignancy [link]
primary systemic vasculitides [link][link]
sJIA [link][link]
first line assessments [link][link]
investigative approach [link]
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [link]
systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) [link][link], [link], [link], [link][link]
genetic associations [link]
key features [link], [link][link]
pathogenesis [link], [link][link]
therapy, biologics [link]
see also juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) [link]
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [link][link]
autoantibodies [link]
epigenetic mechanisms [link]
genetics [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
role of adipokines [link]
role of cytokines [link][link]
role of T cells [link][link]
clinical features [link], [link], [link][link]
acute kidney injury [link]
Page 167 of 188

Index
cardiac manifestations [link]
constitutional features [link]
eye symptoms [link]
fertility [link]
gastrointestinal involvement [link], [link]
gastrointestinal manifestations [link]
haemolytic anaemia [link]
haematological manifestations [link]
mucocutaneous manifestations [link][link]
musculoskeletal manifestations [link]
neuropsychiatric SLE [link][link]
obstetric issues [link][link]
ophthalmic manifestations [link]
panniculitis [link]
pulmonary complications [link], [link], [link]
renal manifestations [link][link]
respiratory manifestations [link][link]
vasculitis [link]
comorbidities
association with anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
cardiovascular disease risk [link], [link], [link], [link]
infection risk [link][link]
complement deficiency [link], [link], [link]
costs [link]
diagnosis and classification [link][link]
disease activity assessment [link], [link]
drug-induced [link], [link], [link]
epidemiology
incidence [link]
prevalence [link], [link][link]
family history [link]
imaging
nuclear imaging [link][link]
radiography [link]
ultrasound [link]
juvenile see juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
lupus anticoagulant [link]
biologics [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
ciclosporin [link][link]
cytotoxic drugs [link][link]
Page 168 of 188

Index
diet [link], [link]
hydroxychloroquine [link][link]
intravenous high-dose gammaglobulin [link]
non-pharmacological [link]
NSAIDs [link]
plasma exchange [link][link]
during pregnancy [link], [link]
renal disease [link], [link]
rituximab [link]
sex hormone therapy [link]
thalidomide [link]
outcome and causes of death [link][link]
outcome measures [link][link], [link]
SLE/RA [link]
pregnancy [link], [link], [link]
drug therapy [link]
neonatal lupus syndrome [link]
prognosis and survival [link][link]
protective role of IL-22 [link]
serology [link]
C4 levels [link][link]
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) [link], [link], [link]
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder index (SRI) [link]
Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC), classification criteria for SLE
[link][link]
systemic rheumatoid vasculitis [link][link], [link]
systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) [link], [link][link]
aetiopathogenesis
fibrosis [link][link], [link]
genetic factors [link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
immune events [link][link]
vasculopathy [link][link]
in children see juvenile systemic sclerosis
acute kidney injury [link][link], [link]
cardiopulmonary involvement [link][link]
cutaneous involvement [link][link], [link], [link]
eye symptoms [link]
Page 169 of 188

Index
foot [link]
gastrointestinal involvement [link], [link]
hands [link]
kidney involvement [link][link]
musculoskeletal system [link]
pulmonary complications [link], [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
vasculopathy [link], [link][link]
comorbidities
differentiation from nephrogenic systemic sclerosis [link]
imaging [link]
ultrasound [link]
haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [link][link], [link]
nailfold capillary microscopy [link][link]
SSc/polymyositis [link]
pregnancy [link]
drug therapy [link]
serology [link]
see also scleroderma, localized
systemic vasculitides, pregnancy [link][link]
drug therapy [link]
T
T1-weighted (T1W) MRI [link]
T2* MRI [link]
T2-weighted (T2W) MRI [link][link]
tacrolimus, in localized scleroderma [link]
Taenia spp. infections [link], [link]
t'ai chi [link], [link]
Takayasu's arteritis [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
aetiopathogenesis [link], [link], [link]
Page 170 of 188

Index
comorbidities, cardiovascular disease risk [link]
epidemiology [link]
imaging
CT [link]
ultrasound [link]
key features [link]
pathology [link]
talocalcaneal joint see subtalar joint
talonavicular joint, injection technique [link]
Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein [link], [link], [link]
tanezumab [link], [link]
tapentadol [link], [link]
TARA trial [link]
target lesions', erythema multiforme [link]
tarsal coalition [link]
computed tomography [link], [link]
tarsal tunnel syndrome [link]
taste, altered sensation [link]
taxanes, rheumatological side effects [link][link]
TaySach's disease [link]
TBX21 [link]
T-cell activation, role of B cells [link]
T-cell autoreactivity, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
T-cell function, genes associated with SLE [link]
T-cells [link], [link][link]
autoreactive, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
cytotoxic [link]
differentiation [link][link]
immune response [link], [link][link]
inhibitory and activating receptors [link][link]
regulatory [link], [link][link]
role in RA susceptibility [link]
role in SLE [link][link]
role in systemic sclerosis [link], [link]
survival and retention in rheumatoid joints [link][link]
99m Tc HDP
Page 171 of 188

Index
in SLE [link]
tear film architecture [link]
tear film break-up time (TFBUT) [link]
tear film dysfunction syndrome [link]
tear film osmolarity [link], [link]
tear film pathology [link]
tear retention measures [link], [link]
tear substitutes [link], [link]
Teff see effector T cells
telangiectases [link]
telephone advice [link]
temperature change, assessment [link]
temperomandibular joint
menisci [link]
temporal arteritis
see also giant cell arteritis
temporal artery biopsy [link], [link], [link]
temporal artery disease, differential diagnosis [link]
temporal dispersion of CMAP [link]
tenderness, assessment [link]
tendinopathy
foot and ankle [link]
knee joint [link], [link], [link]
tendon equinus, biomechanical action [link]
tendonitis
imaging
MRI [link]
ultrasound [link]
tendon rupture [link][link]
tendons
ultrasound imaging [link], [link]
tendon sheaths [link]
tennis elbow' (lateral epicondylopathy) [link], [link], [link][link]
tenosynovitis [link][link]
Page 172 of 188

Index
de Quervain's [link]
fungal [link]
imaging
MRI [link]
ultrasound [link][link], [link]
tenoxicam, pharmacology [link]
teriparatide [link], [link]
testosterone, role in fracture prevention [link], [link][link]
tetanus toxoid vaccination, in immunocompromised patients [link]
tetracyclines
T follicular helper (FH) cells, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
TGRBR2 gene mutations [link]
Th1 cells
role in JIA [link]
Th1 response [link], [link]
Th2 response [link][link], [link]
Th17 cells [link][link]
balance with Tregs [link]
role in disease [link][link]
role in JIA [link]
Th22 cells [link]
thalamocortical system [link][link]
thalassaemia syndromes [link]
rheumatological manifestations [link][link]
secondary osteoporosis [link]
thalidomide [link]
in leprosy [link]
in SLE [link]
Therapeutic Patient Education [link]
therapeutic response measures, in paediatric disease [link]
thermodysregulation, children [link]
ThiebergeWeissenbach syndrome [link]
Thiemann's disease [link]
thigh pain [link][link]
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causes [link]
posterior [link]
thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) [link]
and azathioprine [link], [link], [link]
Thomas's test [link]
thoracic pain, differential diagnosis [link]
thoracic spine
see also back pain; spine
thrombocytopenia
in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link][link], [link]
management [link]
drug-related
gold [link]
leflunomide [link]
methotrexate [link]
thrombocytosis [link]
thromboembolic disease risk, in ANCA-associated vasculitis [link][link]
thromboprophylaxis, in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link][link]
thrombosis [link][link]
in APS [link][link]
thrombotic microangiopathy [link][link]
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [link], [link], [link]
thumb
trigger digit [link]
thumb-base osteoarthritis [link]
management [link]
thyroid disease
see also hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism
tibialis posterior dysfunction [link]
tibial plateau fractures, computed tomography [link]
tibiofemoral joint, anatomy [link]
tibiofibular joint pain [link], [link]
Tietze's disease [link]
tiludronate
timing of surgery [link], [link]
tiptoe walking, children [link]
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tissue engineering [link]
regenerative strategies [link][link]
therapy for joint disorders [link][link]
tissue repair [link]
muscle [link]
TM7SF4 gene [link]
TNF see tumour necrosis factor alpha
TNFAIP3 [link], [link]
TNFRSF1A gene [link], [link][link]
TNFRSF11 genes [link]
TNFSF4 [link]
TNIP1 [link], [link]
tocilizumab [link]
in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link], [link]
monitoring [link]
perioperative use [link]
precautions and contraindications [link][link]
properties [link]
safety [link]
side effects
in children [link]
toes, physical examination [link]
tofacitinib [link], [link][link], [link]
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
and reactive arthritis [link]
role in SLE [link]
role in vascular injury [link]
sensory nerves [link]
tolmetin, in juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link]
tongue
bag of worms' appearance [link]
tongue cancer risk, scleroderma [link]
tophi [link], [link]
imaging
MRI [link]
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topical analgesia in osteoarthritis [link]
hands [link]
topo-1 antibodies, associated medical conditions [link]
torticollis [link]
total knee replacement
gait analysis [link]
see also arthroplasty
totipotent stem cells [link]
tourniquets, use during surgery [link]
toxic oil syndrome [link], [link]
toxin exposure, and connective tissue disorders [link]
Toxocara infections [link]
toxoplasmosis [link], [link]
trabecular (cancellous) bone [link][link]
TRAF1/C5 [link], [link]
TRAF3IP2 [link]
training
in assessment of children [link]
clinical examination skills [link]
core examination skills [link][link]
in ultrasound imaging [link][link]
train track' sign, gout [link], [link]
tramadol [link]
see also opioids
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) [link]
in back pain [link]
transdermal analgesia [link]
transforming growth factors (TGFs)
transforming growth factor beta (TGF) [link], [link], [link]
TGF inhibitors [link]
transient ischaemic attacks, anti-phospholipid syndrome [link]
transient osteoporosis [link][link], [link]
transient receptor potential (TRP) channels [link][link]
transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor [link][link], [link]
transient synovitis, hip [link]
transitional care [link], [link][link], [link]
accessibility [link], [link]
clinic environment [link][link]
communication skills [link]
confidentiality [link]
evidence base [link]
involvement of young people [link]
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joined-up working [link]
key elements [link][link]
knowledge acquisition [link][link]
publicity [link]
role of parents [link]
staff training [link]
timing of [link]
transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) [link]
transthyretin amyloidosis [link][link]
treatment [link]
transverse myelopathy
management [link]
trauma, computed tomography [link][link]
traumatic panniculitis [link]
travel history [link]
treatment rescue, RCTs [link]
Tregs see regulatory T cells
Trendelenburg gait [link]
Trevor's disease (dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica) [link]
triamcinolone
intra-articular injections [link], [link]
Trichinella infections [link]
trichostatin A (TSA) [link]
Trichuris infections [link]
tricyclic antidepressants
in fibromyalgia [link], [link]
in low back pain [link]
in neuropathic pain [link]
see also antidepressants
trigeminal neuralgia, analgesia [link]
trigeminal neuropathy, in Sjgren's syndrome [link]
trigger digit [link], [link], [link]
trochanteric bursitis [link]
Tropheryma whippelii [link]
see also Whipple's disease
troponins [link]
in myositis [link]
TRPV1 [link]
and pain sensitivity [link]
TRU015 [link]
trypanosomiasis [link]
tuberculin skin test [link]
tuberculoma, intramedullary [link]
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Index
tuberculosis [link][link], [link]
amyloidosis [link]
Poncet's disease [link]
spinal involvement [link], [link][link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
latent infection [link]
risk from TNF blockade [link][link], [link], [link][link]
treatment [link]
tuberculous osteoarticular infections [link], [link][link], [link], [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
treatment [link]
tuberculous osteomyelitis [link], [link][link]
imaging [link]
tuberculous vasculitis [link]
tubular proteinuria [link]
tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) [link]
tumour-induced osteomalacia [link]
tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)
association with heart failure [link]
circadian rhythm [link][link]
role in androgen drain [link]
role in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis [link]
role in SLE [link][link]
in synovium [link]
TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) [link]
key features [link]
tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors [link][link], [link]
actions [link]
cardiovascular [link], [link], [link]
drug-induced lupus [link]
infection risk [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
psoriasis induction [link][link]
data from biologics registries
adverse events [link][link]
effectiveness [link][link]
switching therapies [link][link]
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effect on adipokine levels [link]
effect on synovial pathology [link]
effects on outcome measures [link][link], [link]
failure [link]
indications for use
ankylosing spondylitis [link], [link][link]
enthesitis [link]
giant cell arteritis [link][link]
juvenile idiopathic arthritis [link], [link], [link][link]
juvenile SLE [link]
psoriatic arthritis [link][link]
sarcoidosis [link]
monitoring [link]
precautions and contraindications [link][link]
in pregnancy and lactation [link], [link][link]
properties [link]
safety [link][link]
see also adalimumab; certolizumab; etanercept; golimumab; infliximab
tumour necrosis factor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) [link], [link][link]
twin studies [link]
of chronic musculoskeletal pain [link]
TYK2 [link]
and SLE [link]
type 2 polyarticular osteoarthritis (T2POA) [link]
type II collagenopathies [link][link]
U
U1-RNP antibodies, associated medical conditions [link]
ulcerative colitis [link][link]
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Index
ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum [link]
ulcers [link]
digital [link], [link]
lower limb [link]
see also oral ulcers
ulnar drift [link]
ulnar nerve compression [link][link]
ulnar nerve disorders, symptoms and signs [link]
ultraclean surgery [link][link]
ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI [link]
ultrasound-guided interventions [link][link]
anatomy
adipose tissue [link]
blood vessels [link][link]
limb anatomy [link][link]
in children [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
education and training [link][link]
guidance of interventional procedures [link]70, [link]
in primary care and allied professions [link]
in specific conditions
crystal arthritides [link][link], 500, [link], [link][link]
enthesitis [link]
non-inflammatory soft tissue disorders [link][link]
peripheral nerve disease [link]
polymyalgia rheumatica [link], [link]
heumatoid arthritis [link][link]
spondyloarthropathies [link][link]
technical aspects [link][link]
ultrasound therapy, in lateral epicondylitis [link]
ultraviolet light exposure, and SLE [link][link]
undergraduate training
clinical examination skills [link]
core skills [link][link]
in paediatric MSK medicine [link]
undifferentiated arthritis [link], [link]
treatment [link]
undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) [link][link]
epidemiology and classification criteria [link]
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Index
outcome [link][link]
see also overlap syndromes
undifferentiated systemic sclerosis [link]
unicameral bone cysts [link]
upper limb
anatomy, basic design [link]
in children [link]
surgery
assessment checklist [link]
elbow joint [link][link]
hand and wrist [link][link]
indications and timing [link]
patient assessment [link]
shoulder joints [link]
upper limb pain, diagnosis [link][link]
uraemic syndrome [link]
urate crystals, microscopy [link][link], [link]
urate-lowering therapies [link][link]
sites of action [link]
urethritis, in reactive arthritis [link]
uric acid, renal transport [link]
uric acid, serum levels [link], [link], [link][link]
hyperuricaemia [link]
uricase, recombinant [link]
uricosuric drugs [link]
urinalysis, in myositis [link]
urinary dysfunction
urinary tract infections [link]
urine dipstick testing [link], [link]
ustekinumab [link]
usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) [link]
CT appearance [link], [link], [link]
uveitis [link], [link], [link], [link][link]
causes [link][link]
JIA-associated [link], [link], [link]
in SLE [link]
see also anterior uveitis; posterior uveitis
V
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Index
vaccination [link], [link][link]
and cyclophosphamide therapy [link]
in immunocompromised patients [link][link]
children [link][link], [link]
efficacy [link][link], [link][link]
EULAR recommendations [link]
safety [link]
and methotrexate therapy [link]
and rituximab therapy [link]
against rubella [link]
in SLE [link]
against TB [link]
vaccinia virus arthritis [link]
vaginal dryness
valdecoxib [link]
valproic acid, in rheumatic chorea [link]
valve lesions
management [link]
in SLE [link]
valvulitis, in rheumatic fever [link], [link]
Van Buchem disease [link], [link]
Van Neck's disease [link]
variable-vessel vasculitis [link]
Chapel Hill Consensus definitions [link][link]
see also Behet's disease; Cogan's syndrome
varicella zoster [link]
arthritis [link]
varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine [link][link], [link]
vascular access device infections [link]
prevention [link], [link]
vascular biology [link][link]
angiogenesis [link]
effect of drugs on the endothelium [link][link]
endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis [link]
structure [link][link]
thrombosis [link][link]
vascular calcification, CKD [link][link]
vascular claudication, in osteoarthritis [link]
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as therapeutic target [link]
vascular injury [link]
vasculitides [link]
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Index
angiogenesis [link]
childhood disease [link], [link], [link]
fever [link]
main forms [link]
mortality [link]
ACR criteria [link], [link]
Chapel Hill Consensus definitions [link][link]
childhood disease [link]
EMEA algorithm [link]
PAN and MPA [link]
by vessel size [link]
clinical features
Cogan's syndrome [link][link]
cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis [link][link]
cutaneous vasculitis [link][link]
foot involvement [link]
hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis [link]
IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schnlein purpura) [link][link], [link]
neurological symptoms [link], [link]
relapsing polychondritis [link], [link]
retinal vasculitis [link]
comorbidities
anti-GBM disease [link]
malignancy [link], [link][link]
scleroderma [link][link]
SLE [link], [link]
spondyloarthropathies [link]
damage index (VDI) [link]
mimics [link]
presenting symptoms and signs [link][link]
disease extent index (DEI) [link]
drug-induced [link], [link]
imaging
MRI [link]
nuclear [link][link], [link]
infection-related [link][link], [link]
investigations, neurophysiological studies [link]
MAGIC syndrome [link]
mimics of malignancy [link]
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Index
paediatric [link][link]
ANCA-associated vasculitis [link][link]
Henoch-Schnlein purpura [link][link]
Kawasaki disease [link][link], [link]
polyarteritis nodosa [link][link]
pathogenesis [link]
drug therapy [link]
rheumatoid [link], [link], [link][link], [link]
vessel size
definition [link]
relationship to induction treatment response [link]
vasculopathy, in systemic sclerosis [link][link], [link]
vaspin [link]
see also adipokines
VCP gene [link]
vegetarian and vegan diets, in rheumatoid arthritis [link]
vegetative pyoderma gangrenosum [link]
velaglucerase [link]
velvet crepitations [link]
venous thromboembolism
in Behet's syndrome [link]
risk from surgery [link]
and strontium ranelate [link]
vertebrae, anatomy [link], [link]
vertebral fractures
osteoporotic [link]
vertebral osteomyelitis (discitis) [link], [link]
in children
treatment [link]
management [link]
vesicles [link]
vinyl chloride exposure [link]
viral arthritis [link][link]
Barmah forest virus [link]
chikungunya virus [link]
hepatitis B virus [link]
hepatitis C virus [link][link]
Page 184 of 188

Index
in HIV infection [link]
human T lymphocyte leukaemia virus [link] [link]
igbo ora virus [link]
Mayaro virus [link]
o'nyong-nyong virus [link][link]
parvovirus B19 [link][link]
Ross River virus [link][link]
rubella virus [link][link]
Sindbis virus [link]
viral infections [link]
as trigger for Sjgren's syndrome [link]
as trigger for vasculitis [link][link]
visfatin (PBEF) [link], [link]
see also adipokines
visual loss
in giant cell arteritis [link], [link][link]
vitamin A-related calcification [link]
vitamin B12, role in epigenetic events [link], [link]
vitamin B12 deficiency [link]
pernicious anaemia [link][link]
vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) [link]
vitamin D [link], [link], [link]
overdosage [link]
and SLE [link]
vitamin D deficiency [link][link], [link], [link]
bone loss [link]
vitamin D metabolism [link], [link]
vitamin D receptor genotype [link]
and osteoarthritis [link][link]
vitamin D-resistant rickets [link], [link][link]
vitamin D supplementation [link]
in renal osteodystrophy [link][link]
in SLE [link]
vitreous haemorrhage [link]
vocational rehabilitation [link]
Vogel's disease [link]
voxels [link]
V sign, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy [link]
VTCN1 [link]
W
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Index
waiting times, in transitional care [link]
Waldenstrm's macroglobulinaemia, AL amyloidosis [link]
walking sticks [link]
warfarin therapy
in anti-phospholipid syndrome [link], [link]
and joint injections [link][link]
weak gait [link]
Wegener's granulomatosis see granulomatosis with polyangiitis
weight gain, glucocorticoid-associated [link]
weight loss [link]
in SLE [link]
weight reduction, in osteoarthritis [link]
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) [link], [link]
Werner's syndrome [link]
Western Ontario and McMaster University OA Index (WOMAC) [link]
wheeze [link]
Whipple's disease [link], [link][link]
white cell count [link][link]
whole-body MRI [link][link]
window settings, CT images [link]
Wnt family [link]
work
impact of rheumatic disease [link][link], [link][link]
management of musculoskeletal disorders [link][link]
work disability (WD) [link], [link]
flags concept [link]
risk groups [link]
working life, extension of [link], [link][link]
work participation, influencing factors [link][link]
work-related upper limb disorder [link][link]
wound healing [link]
woven bone [link]
wrist [link][link]
de Quervain's tenosynovitis [link][link]
flexor and extensor tenosynovitis [link][link]
injection technique [link][link]
osteoarthritis, radiographic imaging [link], [link]
physical examination [link], [link][link], [link][link]
in children [link]
polyarthritis [link]
see also carpal tunnel syndrome
wrist drop, neurophysiological studies [link]
Page 186 of 188

Index
wrist fractures, computed tomography [link]
wrist pain
in children [link]
Wuchereria infections [link]
X
xanthine oxidase inhibitors [link][link]
X chromosome inactivation [link], [link]
xerosis, management [link], [link]
xerostomia [link]
clinical signs [link]
xerotrachea [link]
X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets [link], [link]
Y
yellow fever virus vaccination [link]
yellow flags [link]
back pain [link], [link]
spinal pain [link]
Yergeson's test [link]
yersinia infection
reactive arthritis [link][link]
young people
transitional care [link][link]
see also adolescents; children
You're Welcome' quality criteria [link], [link]
Z
ZAP70, role in JIA [link]
Z-deformity, thumb [link]
zoledronic acid [link]
in cancer-induced bone loss [link]
in Paget's disease of bone [link], [link], [link]
and renal dysfunction [link]
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Oxford Medicine Online

Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology (4 ed.)

Print Publication Date: Oct 2013

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