POCCHHCKAA APXEOIOTHA, 2001, M3, ¢. 25-34 K HCTOKAM CKH®CKOLO HCKYCCTBA: TIPOMCXOXJEHHE MOTHBA CBEPHYBIELOCA XMIHHKA ©2001 r. 10. 6. Moanjosna Toneyxuii o6nacmwoit xpacsedvueckuit mysett B cemonornn santo yxe YTREPINANED 18a OA xolla K H3YYeHHIO cnenucpH4ecKoro HCKYCcTBa CBpa- sulickux HapoOB paHHero 2XeNe3HOTO BeKA, YCTOB- HO HaabisaeMOro “3BepHHBIM cTHuIeM”, OjWH 13 HIX npennonaraeT cyMMapHoe paccmorpeHHe Matepita~ 3a, MOAXON K HEMY KaK K HEKOMt COROKYMHOCTH, BTO- poll — qeranbHoe NayHEHHE OTAEMHO BIATHIX OGpA- 308 (ONE, XHUTHHKA, OCR MT.) HH MOTHBOB (caeprynimerocs xumtunKa, “netsulero” H.nexamero oneHeit # 7.7,). O6a nonxoya He BSAaMMOHCKMONAIOT Bpyr Apyra, @ HanporHp, ponomsIoT, OGosHauME MSYYeHHe PeBHETO HeKYccTRa ABYMA pasiM4HbINH TYTAMI, B OCHOBE KOTOPBIX JEXUT NHaITeKTHHECKOE CooTHOMIeHHe OOulero H HacTHOTO. AHANOTHuHBIE TOAXOAI BOIMOXHEI H MPH PellleHHH raBHo! Npo- Guembi uayseaus “snepHHoro crit” — npoGmeMbt ero MpOHcXOxeHHs. OgHaKO JOMMEMpyIOIIEM. B MaHHOM cmy'tae OcraeTes TepsBtit nopxoy. Meee 0- BaTenH TeM CaMBIM MbITAIOTeS peulMTs MpoGmeMy B IIpHHMHTe, HOSTS B YeTOM beHOMEH OTHOCHTEAEHO BHe3aNMOTO NosBIeHHA pasHOOGpasnbIx usOGPAXe- uih KUBOTHBIX B paHHeckucbcKyro anoxy Ha ¢poue JAKOHMYHOCTH H30GpAsHTEMBHO! TPanMUlM KYsIb- ‘Typ MosKero Gpousonoro BeKa u MpescKHdcKoro nepuona. Ho mp Tom orMedaiores M ompenereH- ble pa3TH4Hs BMCTOKAX OTJIENIBHBIX OOPA30B H MO- ‘Tuuow ckucpcKoro HeKyecTBa. FIpencrasnxeTcs, 4TO Gonee jeTaMBHoe paccMoTpeHMe 9THX pasmHnit NosnonuT MocMOTpeTs Ha MpoGmeMy Mponcxoxte- Hila ckH¢pcKOTO HcKyCCTBA C HECKONBKO HHOMt CTOpO- HI I YBHAeT® MHOTOOGpasHe MPOHCKONMBLINX B TO BpeMs mporieccon oGpasoTnopyecrna. Mori cpepHypuieroca xHUNAHKa, BbINeAIsCb pei Bex MoTHEOR “RepmHoro crtaa”, crlewMpH- MeCKH CKMC)CKUH HHH B KAKOlt HOI HB06pasHTemb- Hii Tpaquuun He BeTpedaeTes. Onpegenenupi axastorom MoTHBy cBepxyBuie- TOCA XHIIHHKA MOKET CAYAHTS HOGPAxKeHHE cBEP- HyBIIerOCs B KOMBIO 3MeeMOnOGHOTO cylecTHa, H3- BECTHOE B HCKYCCTRE MHOTHX HapooB, Kak EBpasin mocrexnrpexoro BpemenH (AGpamona, 1975. Pac. 3; 7,5; Filip, 1976. Fig. 31, 2, 5; OGopun, Yarun, 1988. Vin, 72; Unanna, 1984. Puc. 16, 10), tax wapyrux pe- THOHOB 1 BPEMEH, CO CKHpAMIE HUKAK He CBASAHHBIX (PaGunopirt, 1979. Pric. wa c. 288, 289, 321; 10 Kenbys, 1981; Mucppr..., 1982. C. 52, 440; Kypouxun, 1992. Puc. 1, 20; Tyaman, 1995. Puc. 1, 4, 17), Xora c uKo- 25 Horpacbirieckoli TO4KH speHA 9TH OGpasél (XHHHK — Mei) Maio COMOCTaBUMBI, a pa3IH4HA 3HAIHTeNb- Hbl, OHM Mpexke BCeTO CBSSAHDI ¢ HecoTIOcTaBHMO Goabmiel CHOXKHOCTbIO aHATOMMMECKOTO CTpoeHHs XHLIMHKA, KOTOPAs IHANHTENEHO YoumUBaeTEA HeeC- ‘TeCTREMHOCTHIO MOI CREPHYRINIETOCH 3BEpH, He cpolicraeHHoii xnpoTHEIM B peamsHoctH. MIMeHHO 910 MOTpeGoRAAO OT CKHCPCKHX Macrepos BbIPAGOT- KH clleuMUdeCKHX IpHeMoB HI0GpaxeHHs: OIpesle- eHHOit cHCTeMbI NporlopImnii, B3BeMIeHHOTO CopasMe- MeHHS OTAEMBEEIX YacTeit Tena, OGUYEX NpHHEETOS nocrpoenii KoMosmm 1 T.. (Fommoniy, 1994 C. 64-72), KOTOpHIe H MOSHOMHIN COSAATH ITOT OPH THHaNbHbIii MOTHB. Mexay Tem Hexoropoe iKALITH 13- Hawanbuioro OGpaana (cM., Hanpamep: Tuporos, 1979, C. 12, 13). Oquaxo raxue npeqctasnenna npaaun- THAABHO PACKONATCA C CYILECTRYIOMIEMH BST RANI, Ha CyINHOCTD xyoxkecTREHHOTO THOpYECTBA, Ha HIpO- ece cospauita XyOxKeCTREHHOTO O6pa3a, KAKOBBIM, GesycnoBHo, sBNeTCA HM MOTHR CBepHyBUIeroca xa, XYHO-KECTBCHHOe TEOPYECTHO, ECTecTREHHO, cHs- 3aHO ¢ MPONECCOM MBIMLLICHHA, BCTENCTBHE 4erO XYiIO- 2kecrReHHOe NPOUSBEeHMe KAK “IPOWIBEAeHHOE” se Jae TCH “MPOAYKTOM MBILLTEHHA”, a He TOTBKO BHELIHE! chopmoli, “cocygom” conepxanus melt (Epmam, 1982, C. 57). Cam xyJOXeCTBCHHO-TBOPYECKHI AKT, Ha Has C BOSHHKHOBCHHA 3aMBbICa m 3aKaHUMBast ero nOTMOMeHHEM B MaTepualte, BKMONaeT B ceOx TPH OCHOBHBIX 9TaNa: HOTYYeHHe HaHAIAMBHO! MEcpop- Manne u/amm BresaTIeHHs OT jelicTBHTeNBHOCTH — mpottecc ux metcnuTembHoit nepepaGoTkH, 3aKaHYMBa- ionic cosjamMeM oGpasa B costIAHMH XyROOKHHKA— nomy4eHne pesynbtatos. K neppomy sTany Met BepHEMCH HIDKE, CeilHac >KE JK Hac BaAKHO Mpotteccy- anbHoe HanlomHeHne BTOpOTO. Kak monaraer noxannsomee Gombumcrao uc- caeqoBareneli xyxo>xeCTBeHHOrO THOPYeCTBA, epEO- HavaMbHOe saporxlienie OGpasa & Xoe MepepaGorKs, HeXONHOM MECOpMalIM MpoUcXORUT Ha HeOcosHaH- Hom (GeccosHareMbHoM, AOIOTHYeCKOM, HATYHTHE- HOM) yponiie MbuiuIenis. Opps 13 BaokHeliIHX cy HOCTHEIX BEIPAKEHHiL 9TOFO YpOBHA siNACTCA BOOG- PaxeHHe, CUHTaIOUIeecH OCHOBOM xyROKeCTBEHHOTO ‘raopuectea (3biKo8, 1975. C. 207; Kpucaenko 1 1p., 1989. C. 7). Tepaun 2ke “Boo paxkeHte” XOTS M BKLIIO- aeT B ceOx embtih pa caMBIx pasHOOGpasHbIX stBi1e- tit, B CyIIHOCTH YOTpeOAseTCS, TO MHEHHO anti cxoro sioruka P. Ckpyrowa, ji mepenaym onHoro equHerBeHHOTO KoHtenra “BMeHUA Yero-70” H. Bkiowaer TaKHe MOHATHR, KaK “pucoBaTh oGpas”, “BoOOpaxkaTb OOpas B paxiusHBIx (PopMax”, “BOOO- paxate KakHM-T0 OGpasom” (Scruton, 1974. P. 92), ‘Te. YXKe Ha 9TOM YPOBHE MBIIILIEHHA OOpas saporxKa- etcs Kak ocbopsiisineecs M NoMHOCTHIO MpencraRms- POCCHVICKA APXEONOTMA 3 2001K MCTOKAM CKM@CKOrO HCKYCCTBA Py emoe uenoe. “Iloqnuuioe aimenne xynoxkHHKa ~ 910 BHYTpeHHee BINIeHHe CbOpME, XYOXKHMK THIN muleT B jelicranTenbHOCTH HaHGonee nOAXoRAMEe cbipbe, cmocoGHOe CTaTs €€ aTeKBATHLIM BhIPaKCHH- em” (Bnomxsucr, 1975, C. 128). Ho xax noKasbiBaior Teuxo*pHsHOMOTHecKHe HCCHeNOBAH, IX TOTO, ‘uTOObI PesymbTaTI npeALIAVeH eATeMBHOCTH MBI- ULIeHWA MpeBpaTHT u3 “BeLNK B CeCe” B “BEI BIA Hac”, Wx HeOGXOMEMO MpoaHaTHsupowart, KpUTHICC- KH OUCHHT M Opraii30BATh B HeKOTOPyIO cucTeMy yxke 11a sloruseckom yponxe (PorenGepr, 1982. C. 60). B nemazoii creneun stomy cnoco6crayer cyiyecTBy- Tomlad B KAKIOM HIOOpasHTerbHO! TPAIMiLIOT CBOR onpeyesieutaa nkoHOMeTpHMeCKas CHCTeMAa, KOTOPAA HOA CO3aHIHG, B MACTHOCTH, MpOMSBEReHHt UcKyCCTBA ompenemier OTHOCHTeNBHO 2XeCTKME KaHOHIMecKHE Mpasiia nocrpoenua ws0Gpaxcrun (Tepacumona, 1973. C. 97), Bee 20 NosBomsieT MOMHOCTHIO H OKOHYA- ‘Tenbito eehopMupoBar OGpas yxke B COsHaHA XYROXK- xa, CnenYiouptit 3Tan xyAOxKeCTBeHHOTO TROPIECT- Ba JaKMOYACTCA JIMMID B 9KCTepHaNsamHH (OMpeTMe- ‘quRAHMH) B MaTepHanbHBIX ¢bUsHueCKHX cpencTBAX TOTOBOTO MifeamBHOTO OGpasa. Takum o6pasom, cormacHo cytecTayromunt MpeCTABAeHUSIM O XYAOKECTBEHHOM THOPYECTEE, mpouece (opmupoBaHits: HOBOTO OGpasa HOAHOCTHIO TIponcxOnUT B COsHAKMH XYNOXKHHKa, a MaTepHalTH- s0BaNHOe H305paxKeHHe ero Ht ECTS pesyIbTAT 9TOTO mpouecca. MckyccTao He mpusiaer MpOMexYTOUHEIX 06paz0B, OHO OlepupyeT TONBKO roTOBbIMH OGpa3za- Mi, B KOTOPEIX H MPOBOSTIALIIAeT CBOIO MpaBAy. Eme Gompmeit sanepulenHocrsio ormmaerca Mpollece xyMOXECTHEHHOTO TEOPYECTBA B YCOBMAX ‘TpajuiMoHHorO OGuecTBa, 3aKnIO“AloLniica He CTOMEKO B CO3MaKHM HOBOTO XyRoxeCTBEHHOTO 06- A3A, CKOMLKO B XYOKECTBCHHOM BUIPWKEHMIL YC cynjecraylouiero — peHrH03Ho-MucposnOrH4EcKOTO o6pasa IIH ger, Menno 8 Mucboxornu conepxa- mach Ta HexojlHad MECpopManus, Ha OCHOBE Hepepa- GorkKH KoTOpoii B COSHaHHM xyAOKHUKa (MacTepa) Poxasict HoBEIi UsOGpasHTeMbHEIi O6pas. Oco- GentocrHto STOO HOBOTO O6pasza OHIO TO, 4TO OH ‘W3HA4ATLHO paccuMTBIBaNca He Ha “TpouTeHHe”, T. TOpoxieHHe HOBOTO cMEICHa, a Ha “BOCTIOMHEAHHe” Glorman, 1973. C. 17-19). ix storo moGpaxenne TOIXKHO GéITH y3HaHO ORMOSHAYHO B CHAY ayeKBAT- HOM peautuganuH BKnaAbIBaeMOlt B HETO Hy{eH HITE BO- MiomaeMoro B Hem OOpasa, M8 TaKoM cay4ae OT- JeMBHBIe MPOABEHMA, SNeMEHTEI ero OpMbL HI CIPYKTYps! He MOryT ObITE cayuaitetInn, BpeMeH- LIME, HIponsneneHtioe JOsDKHO ObITb MaKcHMasILHO yaHaBaeMo, NOCKOMBKy H3MeHeHHaA CTpyKTypa Gy- jler HecTH yxe MHYIO Hjle10, WHOM o6pa3 (Jorma, 1970. C. 19). [a u cama usMeHeHHs, corstacHo pei THOSHOMY MBIIMIEHIO, Moraim MpHBECTH K HexKesTa- ‘TeMLUBIM WuIK lake KaTacTpOrUsieckHM MocmexcT- BusM fa compyMa (epacumona, 1973. C. 101; Hop- nancxuit, 1982. C. 35, 36; Bupyas, 1995. C. 137, 138), POCCHMICKAS APXEONOIMA Ne 3 2001 Kpome Toro, xyoxkecTREHHO-THOpYeCKHlt AKT B “TpanMNOHHOM OOIIECTBE BOCHpHANMA:TCA He TOTBKO W He CTONLKO Kak TROpYecKHi Mponecc, covepuiae- Mutit KOHKPeTHBIM MaCTepOM, a CKOpee KaK MPouecc BOCTIPOHSBONCTBA HEKOETO npaoGpasa, KOTOPbIit Mpe- cytmecrayer B HeKOTOPOM IleaiTbHOM, MaponOrH4eC- KOM IpOCTpaxcree Mf TOUIbKO OTKPEIBAETCH OCTOHHO- My (BetixGepr, 1986. C. 48, 89). “Tlepen waar ne ap- Top, a “OTKpbiBaTems” Toro, ¥TO GbITO ... cOsRAHO Boro, B TOM, 4TO OH OTKPBIBAeT, HeT MecTa cmry- aio” (Jlorman, 1993. C, 474). Baarogaps macrepy, “neOecubiii oOpas mepexomuT B SeMHOi npemMeT 1 cMelIMBacTes C HAM, BOIMION\aeTCA B Hem” (XapuTo- Hopi, 1982. C. 29), nostomy 1 caM npottece co3maHHa TPOWsReneHIME HeKYCCTBA (paxTINCCKH ABIAIOU|CTO- of puTYathHbIM MpeqMeTOM HAH NacrsI0 ero) Ot1st B BuICUICH crenleHM PHTyamMsMpOBaH WK WeKe CaM Cra HOBILICA PHTYAIIOM H CONPOBOXKIAICS (8 3ABHCHMOCTH, (Of KOHKpeTHOit KysIKTypHO!t OGcTaHOBKH) OGMIbHB MH XCPTROMPHHOLIEHHAIMM, KANTEABHBIN TOCTAMT, OUMULCHHEM Macrepa, MejNTATHBHDIME MOTpyxc- nua u tan, (Homan, 1973. C. 25; Taco, 1979. C.177; np.) cam Mactep savacryio Gout 2xpeHOM, NOCBAILeHEIM Bo sHOxKecTHO TamticTR (Marbe, 194: Auronoga, 1984. C. 126; BeituGepr, 1986. C. 83). Ta- Koit BSI Ha CyIIHOCTb TROPYECTBA ZapomILICH, BE- pOATHO, elle B CaMBIX apKaHYeckKHX oOulecTRAx (Apremona, 1987. C. 133-138), co spemenem mony caMoe MIMpoKoe pemrHosto-cpumocodpcKoe OGOcHO- artue. VicToKH ero — B MHCTHYECKOM NOHMMAHHH HeO- cosHaHHOTO YpOBHA MbILIeMHx (ApHxeiim, 1994, C. 25), pocpititintae MOM Kak KOHTAKT CO CBepxTbECTe- (CTRCHEBIME cYLICCTBAMH HLTH MyTeMeCTBHE B HX MIP. B apxeouiormueckoit aurepatype Taxxe 6xrryet upenicrapsiene © TOM, “TO OMpeyfestentbie Katero- PUM MpemMeTon MaTepuaiibUOIt cxepet, cyLecTBO- BaBUIe B MepHOOLITHY1O STIOXY, AB:LIH COBOTI OBe- mectaaenne weKoeit aGcrpaxtHott Moxemn (alia, 1957. C. 30). BapnaGemsuocrs xe oTjeibHBIX apre- chaxton OG paciNIeTCA TeM, 4TO MacTepa HexOAWIM He is KOMMpoBaHa HeKoerO YepenHeHHOTO OGpasila, a 13 pbipaxesma HeKof aGcrpaxTHoit use (Krein, 1991. C, 41). Ananormansi xe 0Gpasom Bompoc (cTaBHNTCH H MpaKTHYECKH BCeMH HCTOpHKaMM TpajH- YMORHOTO HekYCcTBa: MpenMeTE! UCKYCCTBA 8 epBO- GbrTHyto stioxy cosqanamice He NyTeM KOMMpOBAHHA MpesbiayMero OGpasia, a HyTeM BAIPAKeHUA, BOC- MpowsseneHMa aGcrpakTHoit uyen IK OGpasa. Vimenno » 9ToM i ciepyer, Ha Haul BSF, BACT MpHUHY pacxoxyleHMit BO BTOPOCTeNeHHBIX Tera AX MEKIY OTJeBHBIMH KOHKPETHBIMGE 1306pAKe- HHSIMH, HIleHTHEEINH 10 CBOeH BHYTpeHHe!t CTPYK- ype. 91a pasnuua Obula Tem Gosice oMyTHMOM, “eM Sombie 80 BpeMeHHOM H TeppHTOpuabHOM (a 3Ha- MMT, 2a4ACTYIO H KY:IbTYpHOM) OTHOUIEHHM 9TH 130- 6paxxenus yxanenbt pyr or npyra. Bene naxe c TON KH 3peHHs TpapMM, KAHOWa He Bee MpHsHaKu (Pop- MBI CHHTAUIHCS PaBHOMCHHBIMH: LIlly WACTH Hs HEX — HOpMaTHBHBIe, CTPYKTYPHbIe, a NoTOMY — HeUsMeH-28 TIONMOBM4 1. Mso6paxexna csepaysumxcx xommmKoR wa saanamwnnx pernowon cxndpexoro saxpa. 1 xypr, Tevmp- Topa, Kpbin (Piotrovsky et al., 1986. P. 6); 2~c. Kontera TumonKa, rp. Il, x. 2, 1.3, crensan Yepanma (TGepor 1951. Puc. 45, 0): 3— kypr. Crapuiaa Morsa, neno6epex- noe necoctenoe Tpasienposke (lxypxo, 1969. Ps. 1); 413 Kypr. 8 ypo%. Jlapnesxa, mpaposepeioe xecocTen- noe Tlosuenpouse (Hinsunexas, 1975, TaGn. XXXIV, 3); 5S— Kpacsonapexoe nogoxpanmimme, —TIpaxy6anie (snnxon, Tapabanion, 1997. Puc. 4, 1); 6~er. Keaepaee- ‘ckaa, Kypr. 2/B, TIpnxyGanse (Caran, 1997. Ta6n. 31, 223); 7 cn. Keneputeccxas, xypr. 2/B, Tipmxy6ambe (Ta” rasa, 1997, TaG. 22, 259); 8, 9 ~ cr. KenepmeccKas, opr. 24, Mpincy6anive (Fanaiuma, 1997, Tan. 24, 374, 376); 10~oxpecrocra r. Mafixona, lipmeyBanve (H16- ‘mnexas, Tepenoxekin, 1983, Pu. 15 a e. 83); 1 ~ Tami Kitt Mor-K, 1, 216, Kanxas (Texoa, 1980. Puc. 23, 4); 12— Taniesuit sor-k, m. 258, Kanxas (Texon, 1980, Pa. 23, 5); 13 — Tamicenit mor-x, n. 164, Kanxaa (Texon, 1980. Phe. 23, 2); 14 ~ cen. Pye, Kanxas (Texos, 1980. Pac. 23,1). ubie uw oGasarembubie (Tepacumona, 1973. C. 94). Tnasabim oGpasom HMeHHO Oslaronaps uM RocTHra- HOCh COOTBETCTEBME (POPMBI, OMOLNH, HEH H Wes ws00paxkeHHa. Ocrabitbie MpH3HaKH Obi Y2Ke KaK 6p1 pTopocTerteHHBIM ypoplieM, rye HonycKainich 1le- KOTOPBIe HE3HAHTEIBHBIE HOBINECTHA, KOTOPSIE ‘TeM He MeHee JOJDKHbI ObLIM He BLIXOUWTS 3a pee Jib] TPANMIME H TOMHOCTEIO COOTRETCTROBAT OOIIe- My KouTexcry. Oquako a6comorisaiis 31asHMOCTH THX pasaMuli KAK pas M Mo>eT NOpomuTb mpest- cranieHHe 06 SBOsONMOHMpOBAKHM H200paxeHHit, ‘© mpotlecce (opmupoBaHHA Hx HKOHOrpadUeCKOH CkeMM, TONKA Kak, NO HallleMy MHeHIIO, paaamus MEXIY OTHETBHBIME HOGPAXKEHHAMH — ITO MOKAIA- ‘Tel ObITOBAHEA y2ke OCPOPMHBILETOCH MOTHBA HIM 0Gpasa, HcTOpHs ENO ZKNSHH, a He sapork eH. TloxasareabHo 8 9TOM TuIaHe OTHOMIEHHE HeKO- ‘TOPIX HCCHETORATeNIEH K PAHHIM H3OGpaKeHHAM cBepHyBINerocs XHIIENKa, MPONCXOMIIVAM 13 3Ara- HbIX perHouoR cxmpcKoro Mupa, TontpeyrombHaa chopma 97x wa06pa:xenmii TpaktyeTen HMI KAK 1le- Kas MPoMeXYTOUHas Ha NIYTHK (POpMUpOBALIO 130- paxennx ‘sBepa, “cHepHysulerocs B KomBIIO” (lkypxo, 1969. C. 34, 35; TlorpeGona, Paescknit, 1992. C. 106-112). Touemy w06paxenne cnepnyn- lerocs XuiHUKa jOmKHO HEMpeMeHHO HMeTb KPYT- ayto (opmy? He Hasssbipaiorca sim Tes CaMbIM APeBHHM H300pAXKEHHAM HallIM CopemeHHBIe Mpe- craBieHHs 0 HHX? Bexb 970 ONeRHMHO, TO 31a4tH- TebHax YaCTbh M306paxKeHHii, BLINOAHEHHEIX B cxucbcxom “sBepmHoM crmme”, oOnaqaer sHasuTerh- Holt TeoMeTPHIHOCTBIO, HO CBOeiL CTPYKTYpe cooT- BeTeTBys TOM WIM HHO‘ dburype — KPYTy, Tpeyromb- HUKY, MpaMOYromLuMKy, KEATpaTy HII OOsIee CTO HDIM HX MoAHEHKANHsM. ITO, KcTATH, BOOGIE 6ELTO xapakrepxoii YepToit puTyamsHoro MAM pemArHo3- HOTO HcKyccTBa, IpW){aBABlNeTO TeOMeTPHIMY MHC Tuyeckoe savenme. TMoxrpeyromsnocrs dbopstei MpHcyita He TONEKO paHHAM 3allaqHbIM H300paxe- HAM CBEpHYBILLETOCH XHINMKA, HO H. APYTHM MOTH BaM H OGpasaM ckucpcKoro ucKyccrRa, TaKOBbI, Ha- MpuMep, wsoOpaxenua xumunKa u3 Kypr. 9 y c. Hapran (Baruaen, 1985. Puc. 27, 35), Ko3s10n 13 xypr. 10y x. Honoska (Homsmnckas, 1968. Ta6n. LI, 7,12) "Ap. Tlogrsepayienwem TaKoro Bsrviya Ha noxrpey- TonbHOCTS paHHecKH¢}CKHX HI00paxxeHMT CAYPKHT 32- KOHNCHHOCTD H OOpMIIeHHOCTE HX KOMMOSHINOH- Hoi crpykrypsi (Homugoauy, 1994. C. 72, 73), Koro PYIO BHONHe MOXHO CUTTS Hs0OpasuTesIBHIM KaHOHOM, HOCKOABKY OH OTYCTIMBO “SHTaeTCH” Ha ROBONHO Mipencranitrenbuol cepum w306paxeHHTt (20 2x3.), nponcxonaMUIx co siasntrembHo# TeppuTo- punt — or Hoquenponsa (Ilkypxo, 1969. Puc. 1; Tana numa, 1977. Ta6a. 7, 7) yo Mpana (lepesonsuxoxa, 1983. Puc. 1) (puc. 1), H ObrToRaBINNx sHauirremBHOe BPeMs, NO CYTH jena, Heck parHeckmebexst nepHosL CMcHsiomme Wx Hs0GpaxKeHus, HMeZOIe KPyrTyIO hopmy, nospasotes He panbite Bropolt nonOBH- uti VIB. fo #.9, WIIK Wake CTO KONI. ITO cepHit H30- Gpaxeami Tuna Kypr. 488 y c. Baconxu (lIxypxo, 1969. C. 36; Hineunckas, 1971. C. 79; Tlommonny, 1994. C. 75), Tuna kypr. KysaxoscKoro — xypr. 499 y c. Baconka (Minsumckas, 1968. C. 134; 1971, c. 83, 84; Uxypxo, 1969. C. 36-39; Tlonmyonu, 1991) a ap. ToKasarenbibt 1 1300paxeHus csepHyBunnXca XMIHHKOB 13 BOCTOUHO-KasaxcTaHCKOTO Jonororo kyprana (putc. 2, 10), nocrpoeHHBte 10 cxeMe, OTH Holt OT NpHepHOMOPCKOIt, HO TaKKKE NONTPEyrom- nbix. [axke Oosiee TOFO, OHI ARASIOT COBO! YRHKAMTE- BU PHMep KOMMOSHIQUH BRUCAHKEIX Npyr B Apyra ‘TpeyroubHkos. Tipwamay usmenenna copmor 1s06paxxenuti caep- THYBUIAXCA XHMLAMKOB, a SHAT, W HX CTPYKTYPBI HYA- HO, HO Beelt BURUMOCTH, HCKaTS B OOM Mpoueccax WGMEHEHHA CHMBOMMKH KYITBTYPL Takum o6pasom, Bce BbIMecKAsAHHOe HOSBOMeT yrwepayiars, YT MOTHB CBEPHYBINeTOCH XMILINHKa — ‘uucto cxucpcKoe ws0Gperenne. Ox HosBIKCH KaK OM pexeTeHHBii Hs0GpasHTembitbilt OOpas cpaay 2Ke B TO- TOBOM, TIOHOCTHIO OcpOPMICHHOM BITE B CHTY BOS HMKIIe HEOGXONHMOCTH MaTepnAmHaauIUH HeKOeTO POCCHVICKAA APXEONOPHA 3 2001K MCTOKAM CKH@CKOrO MCKYCCTBA. 29 smucbonornyeckoro oGpasa HAH HEH 1 Ha OcHORAMINL ‘HaOmONeHIIA MaCTepOM 3a jeHCTBHTEBHOCTHIO, 3a PEAMKHKINT XHIIBIHKAMH, PASHBIC BABI KOTOPLIX B GombUIOM KomUEcTRE OGuTAMIH B CKHCpCKOE BEM B eBpasiickux cremax, Dra ucxogwaa mncpopMaujts (cy- nuecTayiouit mucbonorueckiii O6pas + HaGmone- HIE 3a fleliCTBUTeTBHOCTHIO), Ha Halll BST, BIOMHE ROCTATONNA [LA BOIHHKHOBEHH s0GOrO MOTHBA ckupekoro “3Bepunoro crus". TaKoe yrsepxNeHHe, BMpOWeM, He OTpHHaeT OMpenesenttyio OGpasorBop- ‘eCKyi0 Pos HepeHeAsHATCKOTO HICKYCCTBA, OcOGeH- HO OLIyTHMy!o Ha MIpuMepe MIPUKYGaHCKorO HeKyccT- a. OjjaKo, Ha Hall B3rv1¥, © Heft Mo>KHO TOROPUT s1uG0 MpHMeHITeNbHO K MaKpoyposito (KaTaAHsHpy- roUas pout “BOSOysIHTe:IA” B Mpoyecce BOSHIKHORE- uu “aepunoro cTuma” nooGure; cm: JoTMaH, 1993. C. 122, 123, 153, 154, 478), auGo, » onpenenex- Holt CTeNeHH, K MUKPOyposito (saMMCTBOBANHE OT JeMbHbIX Hs0GPAsitTesTbHBIX SEMEHTOR, NPOCTEXUBA- eMOe Ha HEKOTOPBIX OT/LCAIBHBIX H3OOPAKeHIAX, Ha- mpumep Ikypxo, 1969. C. 32, 33), rora kak cosqanie KOHKPeTHEIX OOPasOB Ht HX MOTHBOB (Meraypope) — peaysibTar TROPYECTBA IpexTe BCETO MECTHBIX MacTe- on cxucbcKoro apa. Onnaxo Takai mlocranosKa Bompoca ewe He mpeqmonaraer ero pelileHis, Tak KaK CKucbcKutit Mp OrpOMeH, HIOGPAxeHNA, MPONCKOAAUINE HS pasHBIX ero perHoHon, OTAMUAKOTCA Apyr OT jpyra, IpHeM HMeHHO Mo PuLABHBIM, CTPyKTyPooGpasyloulAM MPH anaKkam (Iloamonis, 1994. C, 72-74), Bonne o4e- BHILHO, WTO NOTH OHOBPEMEHHO BOIHKAO H, Y>K BO BOIKOM CALY'4e, OHOPEMEHHO ObITOBAIIO B pasHbIx PerHOHAX CKHE>CKOFO MHPa HECKONBKO PasIMUHbIX KaHoHOB H300paxeHHi. JlonycKaTs BOSMOKHOCTE KOHBEPTeHTHOTO IX BOSHHKHOBEHUS ¥ HAC HET HHKA- KUX OcHORaHI, OrkperTocts crenell H M3AaBHa cy- eCTROBABLIME KONTAKT MEK OTIEMBHBINIE Perit ‘OHAMM FOBOPAT TOIBKO B MOABSY MpeMNOTOKEHHA O ROSHIKHOBHHM MOTHBA H CTO MOCHEAYIOLIEM PactIpo- ‘eTpaHeHMi M0 BoeMy cKHtpCKOMy MUpY H3 ogHOrO eHTpa, 13 OMHOTO KOHKPeTHOTO PerHoHa, Yo 910 Gein 3a perHon? OrsetuTe Ha 3T0T BO poe, Herlonssyst TOALKO apXeoNOTHYECKHe MeTOALL ccaeqOBaHAs, & Hacrosee Bem He MpeeTaBAA- eTCH BOSMOKHBIM. ITO Mpexite BETO CBARAHO C TEM, “TO apxeonorna panier xKeNesHOFO Reka, BoIiias Ha MexkPerHOHAABHO! YOBeHb, CTOKHYacB, c ONKOL croponbt, © TPyAHOpAsperIMMbIMEL MpoGneManu ‘CHHXpOHUsAIWH O;LHOMePHOAHKIX KOMMIEKCOB, PO- HCKOMALUX M3 PABIMIHGIX PerHOHOD CKIC>CKOTO MH- pa. C xpyroii — ona oulyriia ocrpyio HexparKy uc ‘TOUHHKOB MO H3yYeHMIO PaHHecKHdcKorO MepHona, MUHUMA@UIbHO MpeycraBieHibIX MpakTHYeckH BO Beex pernonax enpasulickux creneit, Bo3MoxXHbIM BEIXONOM 13 croxkMBMIeficd cHTya- WHHL MOXXET CTaT> OGpammeHMe K CMe2KHBIM MICH suitaM, B 4aCTHOCTH k KysIsTypouorwdeckum. B pas- SMHDIX. KYABTYPOMOTHYECKHX MCUMMTMHAX yxxe POCCHHICKAA APXEOMOTMA 3 2001 Pac, 2. VsoSpaxxenns csepaysiilixes XMIHIKOR 13 BOC- "ToulIx perHoHOR ckitcKOrO MAPA. 1,9 mor-x Caxap ara-6, xypr. 23, Tipmapamse (A16- oncxatit, 1991. Puc. 12, 1, 3), 2, 5 ~ mor-x Yitrapax xypr. 33, [puapanse (Buuineockas, 1973. TaGa. IX, 15, 16), 3 ~ noe. Wexowox-Il, Toxckas obi. (Thierwena, 1977); 4 — c, Hawaivtonka, kypr., socrowsint Kasaxcrast (Epmoxaena, 1985. Puc. tac. 510); 6 ~ Crapurni Axowst- okekt Morumtitix, norp. 926 (Tlaxpyutes, Xanxon, 1982, Ta6s. 130, Ju); 7-03. Apram, cenep Yenx6ucoh 61. Tloaxaonn, 1994, Pac. 1, 1). 8— Happen xpath Sanaa CuGupe (Uepnenon, Monnmceas, 1954 C2188); 10, 11 — Suankra, Sootolt xypran, wocros- muti Kasaxoran (Yepunxon, 1965. Taba. XV; XVI, 1); 1203, Hectix-Kymb (AdereKon, 1986. boro na c. 33); 13 Maionsp, xypr., Astral (Bapxona, 1983. Taba. 1, 6); 14 — 3. Cactaon060ra, Munyeunexsit xpait (BapKor 1983, Taba. 3, 4; 15 — ropogmmne 3apenaa Topxa, Tox cxaa 062. (Mariomenko, Coipxuua, 1975. Puc. 1, 5); 16 — 01. Vecuix-Kyat (iyravenkopa, Pevmenb, 1082. ‘boro wa c. 209); 17 xypr. Apxan, Tysa (Fpssuos, 1980. Puc. 15, 4); 18-20 ~ Munyeuncxuit xpait (Uaenona, 1967. Tao. 27,5, 10, 11). nawHo O10 OOpalileHo BHMMaKMe “Ha HsMeHeHHe @PyMKNUM TeKCTOR B MpONecce YROeHUA HX YY2Ke- POMHOM KyAETYpOH MB CBKSH C 9THM Ha TO, 4TO PO- Tec BosyelicTBHA TeKCTA CBa3aH C ero TpancepopMa- uueit” (Morwan, 1993. C. 111). B sacrnoern, 970 sAneHHe Gio JeTaIbHO npoctexexo K. Iepn- Crpocow Ha mpuMepe mpeaMeTon puryamitoro Wc Kycerpa (Levi-Strauss, 1975; Jlen-Crpoc, 1994,30 TIONMOBHY LOE 3 Puc. 3. A ~ ocosunie cxemo1 pacnonoxemun xsocTa sa mospaxxemmsx ceepnysinnxes xamutaxos (I — Hapran; 2,3 — Yitrapax, x. 33); B - ocuopute cxem1 ssanwopac- nonoxenus aan (I ~ Hapran: 2, 3— Yitrapax. x. 33), C. 337-369; em. raKxe: Ocrposckuii, 1990)!, bpax- HY3CKHM HccneAOBaTeNEM ObLTH MOEPOOHO MpoaKa- SIMSHPOBAHB! CTHINCTUMECKHE H CeMaHTHYECKHE OCO- Geniocra MacoK-smuHH WHZelineR CeRepo-sanaswHOrO noGepexes Tuxoro oKeara. Ha ocHopammm anasi#3a LTO YeraHOREHO, ¥TO ecm MacKa 3aMMCTBYETCA pyris Haponlom Ge3 stiasturrestbatbIx CTHAMCTHYECKHX HaMeHeHMii, TO Ha CeMaHTHYeCKOM (BKIOYAA MipO- TOTHYeCKYIO CeMaHTHKY, HETEpmpeTanmo OOpasa H cebepy Gprronana) m Ha commozOrHYcCKOM yPOBHX offa MpuoGperasia HHOe, NPOTHBONOOKKOE MepBoHA- NambHomy 3avenue, M1, Hamporup, mpi 3aMMCTROBA- [HM MACKH KaK ceMarrTH4ecKOro OGpasa, UMeIoUIero ompeeneHHoe MuKcponorHecKoe HanomHeHHe, e€ BOIMIOUIeHHE MOAYYATO NPOTHBOTOAOKHY10 CTHINC- ‘THYECKYIO TPAKTOBKY. O6parumes Tenep» K KOMMOSHIBMOHNDIM NpH3Ha- KaM CX€MBI IG00paxXeHHs CBepHYBITETOCH XHLIKEKA, xapakTepHbIM Ata panneit ns00pasurenbuot TpaAH- UH Kak 3anamnbix (Cesepnoe TMpnuepromopre, TipuxyGanbe Ceneputiii Kapkas), Tak H BOCTON- unix (or Fosouxps lo Bocrounoft Asn) pernowos ckmcpeKoro Mapa. B nanHoM cryyae cunTaem B03 MOXKHLIM MIKE HEOGXOMMDIM HCHO-TBSOBANE neil U3ReCTHOI COBOKYNHOCTH pax Ws06parxe- ui, He CTaBa Yel Hx CHHXPOHHSAILUH, HO paceMaT- pUBas UX KaK cyMlecrHORABIIMe B MIpeslesIax ORHOCO nepwoga (sTana), 7.e. 8 npejenax VII — nepsoii non0- suet VIB. 20 11.9., HB PaBHOH CreneHH ONMHAKOBO " Asrop necuata npusuarenen B.M. Kysnny-Jlocesy, npejutokis- luleny nenomsonart onbrr K. Tlesa-Crpoca n wsyuenmn cKa}- KOTO HeKYceTBa, $TO H sBHLTOcE HaNanOM PaGOTBI Ha] RAK crank pempesenrupyroumx cromuiee 3a HMI KYABTYpHOe spneHne. @axrieckn KaxAbIi 13 KOMMOSHIONNEIX pH SHaKOB MpencTaReH ABYMs OCHOBHBINE BapHaHiTa- MM, KOTOPbIC BTIOMIKE MOXKHO TPAKTOBAT Kak 1306- pasirrenbubie axrouut, [aa cxeMbl B3amMopacno- OXKEHHA NaN OM TAKOBKI: MPH NOYTH HEHSMeHHOM, nonoxenun nepemuelt mambt (oa, KaK mpanna0, npwxara K mice H MIeYy, €€ KHCTS HaxOAUTCR MOA Mopjlofi) pacnoxoxeHHe SaHeit XanbI BapEUpyeT B pe jesax Byx MpOTMBONONOXHEIX HapHaHTOB — ona COTHyTa TaK, TO ee KUCTH HaXOMUTCH BOBTE KucIMU nepenuielt nami (cepa cpenneaanaTcKux 1 cHOMp- CKUX H306paxkeHii), G0 TAK, ¥TO €€ KHCTE Haxo- AuTes BORNE AoKmA MepemHelt amt (BCTPewHO-NapaT- JleMbHOe PacnlorOXeHHe wan M pacnonoxkeHHe Jal OM yrsiom PYF K Apyry) (Puc. 3, A), Hw cxentey pac nlonoxeH XBOCTA: KAK MPOTHBOMOMOXHOCTH MO- 2KeT Obit OXapakTepHsOBaHO HaXOAKIeHHE ero Had Mopyoii 3nepa (HS0PAxKeHHA, MPOMCXOHAMIE HS BOCTOUHBIX PerHOHOB cKHdcKOrO Mua) H nod Heli (xs0Gpaxenns, mponcxonsuyHe 13 sanaqHEIx perHo- Hop); Kak Obt HeiirpanbubIM bapHanTOM sBIAeTCA pactionoxeune xnocra neped Mopjoit (puc. 3, B). Tipaiun noctpocHns cxembI TaK:Ke HMeeT [Ba MOTHBOMIOTOKHBIX BOTIOMENH, BOCKOAALX K ‘Tpeyronbumky (“sanaqubte” us0Opaxenus) H KDYTY (‘nocrounsie” w306paxenna). Hi cooTsercrsenio, CHIH HOCTPOHTS sIBe MPOTHBOOOHBIC CXEMEI 130- Gpaxenmil c UcnonbsonaHHeM STHX Hs0GpasHTes- HbIX AHTOHUMO®, TO MoaysuM cremyIomiee. 1. Vso6paxenna, nocrpoewisie mo mpannny ‘TpeyrOnbHMKa MB KOTOPKIX 3asIHAA JAMA SBEPA CO- Tyra TaK, 1TO ee KHCTE pacrlomoxeHa y NOKTA Te- Peltiieli, a xocT HaxoAHTes log MopAOi, “TO MOTHO- Crbi0 coorBeTcTayeT cxeMe MocrpoeHMs “sarasHOi” cepun ns06paxennit Kenepeccko-rufickoro Tama (puc. 1). Xora wa mpumepe oGumpHolt coGcrBeHHO KemepMeccKoil KONACKUMM MOKHO AWKe HAGMONATE pasIMUHBIe BapHaNMH BoTTOMeHHA 2TO! cxeMt (Tonujosn4, 1994. C. 65). 2. Vao6paxenus, nocrpoeumsie no mpunuuiny Kpyra, B KOTOPSIX 3aJ[HAA Jala 3Bepx COrHYTa TAK, NTO €€ KHCTb pactiomoxeHa y AOKTA Hepemeeli, & XBOCT HaxOMUTeH Hay Mopsoil. Bce Tp 91emeHTa 9TOII CXEMBI HME:OT HII HECKOBKO He CAMBIX Pali nx “Bocrourhix” W20Gpaxkenmit: 13 pafiona 03. He- conk-Kyn (pac. 2, 12, 16), ropoxmtia 3apesnas Top- xa Tomckoit oOnactu (pic. 2, 15) uj. CBet1010608a Munyenickoro xpas (pic. 2, 14). Coseranne 2*e BYx 9u1eMeHTOR (4acTO Minoc “HettrpamtsHOe” NOMIO- >kermMe xnocra) MpHCyMIe MonARsKOULeMy GOmbULITH- ray apxansnbix “BoCTO¥HLIX” WsOGpaKeHUIA (Puc. 2), 3a HCKHOMEHHEM MUBYCHHCKHX. TTocieMHHe ABNAIOT coGoit opurnHabHoe coveTAHKe MpH3HaKos (pic. 2, 13-20). Takin O0pas0M, HsOOpaxeHis, IPOMCKONSIIME Hs SANIAIHLIX HM BOCTOUHBIX PerHOKOB cKHpCKOTO MHpA, POCCHHCKAS APXEONOTHA 3 2001K MCTOKAM CKM@CKOrO MCKYCCTBA 31 mpeacraior nepen, Hamil Kak HSOGpasHTeABABIe MPO- ‘THBOMONOKHOCTH. ONNOSHIN MEKAY Hana yaBAN BaeTes H Ha YpoBHe MaTeputaita, H3 KOTOPOFO GLH HSTOTOBIEHEI NpeAMETEI ¢ HIOGPAKEHHAMH CBREPHYB- UIXCH XHLIIHIKOB: 151 3aNaHBIX perHouOR Gosiee Xa~ PAKTepHO HcHOMEIOBAKHe 3ONOTA HM KOCTH, jIK BOC- TOUHDIX — Gpousbi. CrteqOBATEMHO, ECM HCHOITL30~ naTb HaGmogenus, cmenanHbte K. Jesn-Crpocom, MOXKHO MpeMONOAHTE, “TO pacnpocrpaxenue MOTH- Ba CHepHyBILIcrocK xMMHHIKA TO cKHdpcKOMY MUPY MpoucxopBA0 ua HeKOeTO enMHOFO WeHTpa ¢ H3MeHe- HileM ILTAcTH*ECKOt cpOpMEL, HO, BITO:THe BOSMOKHO, C COxpavleHHeM CeMalTH¥ecKOro COmep>kaHHA. B nompay nocaemuero ropopur, Kpome npouero, ‘70, 47O ¢YHKUMOHaTbHOE yNOTpeGTeHHe HSOUPAKe- Hull CepHyBueroca XHMWHHKa B 3amafHOM H BOCTOY- HOM PerMouax CKU(>CKOTO MHA GbINIO B tesTOM 06- TIM: OHM TIPHMeHINHch B cHCreMe ocbopMmeHHs sepkan —_(TIpuxyGanbe-Kasaxcran—Munycunckas KOT/IOBHHA) H KOHCKOit y3m[t (1IONTH 10 BeeMy cKHCp- ckomy Mupy). B 3amaqHOM peruone juit apxamuecko- TO BpeMeHHt TaKIKe XapakTepHO ynoTpeGmeHHe 130 Opaxeunii cnepnyBineroca xMMpiNKa jin ocpopMate- HUA npeniMeToB ROOPY:KeHNA: nyKoR — w206paKeHIs. 13 Temup—oper? (put. 1, 1) w norp. 8 xypr.7 yc. Ho- Boamexcanaponka (Kopersko, JIyxpaunko, 1982. Puc, 6, 2), — HOKEH aKHHAKOB, MOUTH Bce 130Gpa- 2XeHHs, MpoucxoNsuMe H3 qHeMpOncKOt JTecocrenn, Cenepnoro Kapxasa n Mepenueit Asmu (puc. 1, 3, 4, 1-14), B nlocaewuem caysae pacnosoxenme 1306- paxcuuii na GyrepomH HOKeH AKMHAKOB CTOmb xa- PakTepHo, 470 OTpaxkaeT, Ha HAI BINA, elite ONNH 9Tan pacntpoctpatenns MoTupa (Ha 9TOT pa3 Y>Xe B mpeslemax 3anayHoro pernora). Canqetenscrsom Toro, #70 oxapaktepH3onaHHar w300pasHTembHaR ONTOSHNNA aneKBATHO OcostiaBa- Bach APEBHHMK, ABILACTEH, Ha aml RITA, WCTIOMTL3O- aulie AByx H306paxcHHil, CKeMa KOTOPLIX HOcTPOe~ Ha C MPHMeHeHHeM MPOTHBONONOKHbIX NPHSHAKOB, B KaYeCTRe MOWMPYAHEIX MpsKEK B CHCTEME OAHOTO y3xeuHoro HaGopa, mpoucxomsmero 13 Kyprata 33 2 @ymeimionanioe masmavene KOCrIHOTO npemMeTa 8 BMKe ‘ceepnynuieroca xiinika 19 Tesup-Topsi onpegeasior no:pas- HoMy, HO B ocxOpHOM oro cosaEIRAIOT ¢ropuTOM (AxoveMK, 1972. C. 264; Yepuemso, 1981. C. 43). Cya no sanncn niomenos xeypuane A-E. Totlenko, # KOTOpOM Kak caMOcTOsTeMbMAM Ha- XOKa OH He YOMMHAeTCR, 9TOT MpenMeT BMeCTe ¢ KOCTI "Huis peauiv pemseTOM 5 wie FOxIOBKM ITH Mec “KOCT Hoe #3 AByX wacreit cocrommec yxpauleHue ¢parrracriecKott hopMel ¢ ReceNta KyPKESHOM Ha Hes pes4GOI0" (uur. 0: SIKO- eHKO, 1972, C. 261). A rlockoasKy dyaxunowaaHo MpeIMeT B ‘Re FOnOBKH HHUb!, KAK H NPYTHE, eMY HOROGHIe, OMpeAe Ts eres xax sasepunie (OKOHanMe) nyka (TepHeHKo, 1981 C. 12-18), 10 4 npeaMer m nue cBepryButeT OCs XILHKA MOK Ho HHTepliperuposart Kak CocTaBHy!0 HacTL TAKOTO HaBePILUA ‘Bro, xpoMe mpovero, nojTBepAy\acTeH i PaneHcTBOM 7wAMeTpA raepernl (12 ex) ha O61 npenwerax. Toraa Nempotopi ‘OwautnHo Gomsinoe yxo, oopsutenHoe B site KOAbILa, TAKE oGtscuserea yHKINOHANLIIM HaSHaseHeM: “fepes Hero nponepaaw Tevany (aioe exe a: Hamoxon, yxsmnxo, 1994, C. 60, 61). POCCHMCKA APXEOJOPMA 3 2001 morumsunka YitrapaK (puc. 2, 2, 5). Ananormunas curyayua BcrpeyeHa u B kyprane 23 MorMabHHKa Caxap Yara-6 8 IOxnom [Ipuapamse (puc. 2, 1, 9). TloxoOti0e mpotHeonocranmenue B cHCTeMe OchopM- JIHMA Y3\bl, BOCXOAMUCE K OHO U3 yHUBepcanb- MBI OuHApHEIX OMMOSHINH “npaBoe-seBoe”, OHIO BeCkMa paclIpocrpavleHo B TpajtsIlHHt CKHC>CKOTO MH pa (eM. cicremy ocbopmiienus yaqht 13. Mafiommpa (Bapxosa, 1983, Puc, 1), xyprana Orys (BoxTpuK, buaaxo, 1987 1 xp.). Tue xe Onu1a “ponuna” MoTHBa, H KaKoB Guu BeKTOp ero PaciipocrpaHeHUs: ¢ BOCTOKA Ha 3aNay, aH HaoGopoT? B oguoii us paGor K. Jlesn-Crpocom Gwin pac- cmorpen mpouece TpaxcebopManam micba-KapparH- Ra B XO efO 3ANMCTRORAHHS 3 MecTa TepROHa- ManbHOTO ObITOBAHI MAING HaPOHaMH, KAK COCe;t- HMMM, Tak m Gosce oTfaneHubimn (Jlenn-Crpoc, 1985). [pu 9vom uaHauanbuptii Mac omperensercs HccAeAORATEIEM KAK CHJIbHAA CTO BEPCHA: OH HANGO- siee ovow, pasvepHyT H ReTammsupoBaH, uMeeT Ye~ ‘Totiumpyio HM 3aKOHMeHHY: cTpyxrypy. [lo Mepe “qpipxeuua” mpoucxoquT ero HocteneHHas TpaHc- chopmanna (npexxye BCero NonHad Hut YacTHuHaR HHBEPCHAa OTAEABHEIX STHSONOB HK OOPasoB) 4 “Oc: maGenanne”. TlogoGreiii onpir nccaeqonanna, Ha Hal Barman, BIOMHE IpWIOKUM K CKHCpCKOMY HCKYCCTBY, OCOGCH- HO eCiIK Y¥eCTh, WTO H3OGpaKeHUs ABIAIOTCA BeIL- Hoi cTOpoHO Mutba, HomsITKOi onpenMe4uBaHHA BepOasbHBIx OGpazon M/E une. “Cumbuoii” nepeneit w306paxexnit cpepuysute- OCH XHLIUHKa ABIAIOTCA, HO Halley MHEHIO, 3a- Tlaquble H306paxeHns. BO-1epBbIX, HMCHHO OHH OT- JINGAIOTCA 3AKOHYEHHOCTLIO M MPO;IyMaHHOCTHIO cBoei KOMMO3MIMOHHOM cxeMBI, KOTOpaa GbINIa MpAkTHNIeCKH HeHIMeHHOH AOBOTBHO jAMTEALHOe Bpema — oKo0 50-100 ner, axKe MPH ycx1OBHH HaMe- HeHHs HeKOTOPbIX BTOPOCTEMEHHIX 9]1eMEHTOB 1130- Opaxenns (TpakTOBKa MOpabI, Jam, XBOCTa M T.nL). Bo-uropsix, 9T0 HaHGoulce MpexcranuTenbias B KO- AMNeCTBeHHOM OTHOIIeHKM Tpynna ws06paxKenuit, eyuHas Ha JOBObHO orpomHoit TeppuTopum. B-rpe- ‘TbHX, UMCHHO 3aMlaqHbie OGpasubl JaloT TIPHMEpsI yrayOuenHoit # pasHooOpasHoil TpakTOBKH MOTHEa. Kpome ornocutesbHo “npocrsix” Kommosuunit (Ha- puMep, pactloaoxenme Ha “kHonKe” sepKaita) cuep- HYRINMeCA XHLUHEKH 3ayeiicrRoRabl B pasiHYHbIX CHOXKHOCOCTABHDIX KOMMOSHUMEX: HaBePUINA JIYKOB u3 Temup-Toppt « Hosoanexcanmpopkn, Goabuas Kenepmecckaa “nanTepa”, KpecTooOpasuntit mpex- Mer 13 KesepMeca, HIM COWeTAIOTCA C HHBIMH OGpa- 3aMH “spepulioro cris” 8 cucreme yaabt (Kes1ep- Mec) HT. Bocrowssim coceysimu KyGaHo-npHyepHoMop- ‘cKIX Hapono ObUTH caBpoMaTst TTonomkes H [pH ypanus.. Ha 9Toit reppHTopau noKa He W3BecTHE! ap- XanuHbie WOGpaxeHHK ChepHYRINerocs XHITEHKA.32 TONMOBMY Onuaxo noxasarexsHo, Ha want sarnay, Hs06paxe- une v3 Mpxyaa, narupyioureecs VIB. 0 1.3. (CMHp- Hos, 1964. C. 224, pc. 79, 1), T.e. Bmpeyenax Bee TO! xe panei rpynmbi. PaciionoxkeHue xBocra isan a STOM H30GPAKEHUH THMIIHO IA SANAAHEIX OOpas- Yos, a chopaa emy npujana YoKe He Tpeyrombias, a oxpyraiaa. Jas Gonee Bocrounbix Hs0Gpaxemuit xapaxrep- HO OKOHYATENbHOE HSMEHEHHE KOMMOSHIHOHHOR cXeMbI, KOTOPas BApEUpYeT B Mpeyesax caMBIx pas- oo6pasttpix coveTaHHl BCETO HECKONDKUX CTpYKTY- pooOpasyroumx mpusHaKos. Minorja nerpesaerea 1 “sanamnoe” pacionoxense nam: nepenHaa — TOR MopAOI, 3ajIHAA — NON HeGOrbUIAM OCTPEIM YrnOM K uepeauel, ee Konen — “nog MbunKoli” (puc. 3, 4, 9). Suawuremsuaa vacth “BOCTOUHBIX” ws0OpaxkeHui Npejcranmeva eqMHMMKKIMM. OGpasiaMM, KOTOPHIE we OOpasylor KaKUxX-1HGo ceprit, OAHOIHAIHO BEI- ReageTea pasne 470 cepus ws0GpaxKcHui THna Crap- mero Axseinono ~ Yiirapaka (puc. 2, 5-8; Hoaugo- su, 1994. C, 73). FIpamo npormmononoxkuite “sariag- HbIM" lo KOMMOSHNKOHHON CTpyKType HIOOPAKEHHA npowexonaT, Mo cyTH ena, c {aTeKo# BOCTOUHO! Tle- pucbepia cxucbckoro Mupa: 3ananuoro Tane-Hans, Tomckoro Tpxo6ss, Munycusickolt xoroamust (pue. 2, 12, 14-16). K tomy xe naTupyrorea oul OTHO- cirrembHo Goxtee mosqumnt BpemerteM. Hit OHO 3 13- BECTHBIX “ROCTOMHBIX” H3O0PaXeHMIE He BXOTIUIO B CocTaB KaKHX-1NGO CIOKHOCOCTABHEIX KOMIOSHUNIL Bee a7o, Ha Hant B3rAs1, HFoBOpHT 0 “caGocTH” BoC ‘TOUNOTO RapnaHra WI06paKexmit cRepxyRmierocs XHUIHHKA, a ceHOBATEMLHO, HO [BHEKEHHH TOTO H30- Gpaswrembioro Moria c aaliaya Ha BOCTOK, B npeenax sanaquoro pernona ckvtbexoro Mapa UpegnoureHue MoxeT OBITS OT]IaHO CeBepOKABKAs- CKHM cTenaM, H mpexife Beero — TIpuxyGarnto. Hi30- Spaxenna 13 Tan, backay, Pyrx W 7.11. nponcxonsT ¥3 Apyroit, MHOKysETypHOH (HeMpaHcKoil, HecKHe)- ckoil) cpesbt naiemen KyOaxtcKoll Kystbrypbl. TosBste~ uue 8 Hell woOpaxcHHit crepHyBILeTOCA XHITHHKA, Ha Hall BIA, OTPaxaeT pesynETaT BaMMOTe‘iCT- BHA BYX KYMBTYPHBIX MupOB — creMHOTO H KABKA3- cxoro, Fonamas 8 HHOKYABTYpHYTO cpemly, HOGpaxke- Me CBepHYBINIeTOCH XHLIHHKA COXPaHAeT CROIO KOM- MOUMSHOHHY!O CrpykTYpy, HO, 10 nceit BHANMOCTH, TSMeHAeT CeMaNTHeCKOe HanOmHeHHe. Bo BcRKOM cayuae ynorpeGnenne THX us0Opaxexmtit Ha Oyre- POWWX HOXKEH aKHHAKOB XapakTepHO HMeHHO [NIA KaBKa3ckOro perHona H He BeTpeyaeres B rem. Jla- xe Goulee TOrO, B paHHeckudpckoe Bpema KanKas He- 3HaeT MOTO cnoco6a ynorpeGneHHA NaHHOTO MOTH 2a “spepmnoro craaa” (“ocaaGenanne” Bepcun), xoTA oW eule BeTpewaeTes HB YKpaHHcKoit TecocTenM: Gy- ‘repos us nocysibckoro Kyprava Craputaa Mormta (puc. 1, 3) m kypr. 453 y c. Maxeeaxa na Inenpos- ckoM [IpanoGepexne (lananuna, 1977. Tan. 7, 7), Orvewaempit MoMeHT KysIbTypHOM BsaNMOcESSH Kapxasa yxpamucKoii aecocrenm He orpaniusimaer- © JAHELIM MpuMepom. Dro neckMa UIKpOKas mpo- Gaema, TpeSyromas, ecrecTaeHHO, OTMemBHOTO pac- ‘emoTpeHHs. Jlamuetiuee ppwxenne MoTupa Ha 10r, 8 crpant Tlepeguett Asim, 6ri10 foBombHO yerambHo OMHcAKO E.B. Tepesomnkosoft (1983). Ono Tawxe necesa HOKA3aTENDHO C TOUKH SpeHH “ocnaGeRAHHA” Mo- ‘THBa BILIOTS 0 ero paspymrenms m 3aMeHEI. Virax, ¢ Gomuof nouieit peposruocrit Mai MoxeM mpeyioaaratb, Yro WsOGpasiTenbEBIit MOTHE cBep- HYBIICTOCA XMIIEMKa, ABIAICH OPHTHHAMTbHbIM HOBO- BBeTCHHEM CKHADCKIX MACTePOB, BOSHHK B Cpene ce- ‘RePOKABKaSCKHX CTEMMbIX HaPOJOB M OT HX pactIpo- crpaniuica 10 scemy cxucbcKomy spy. Pacrpocr- PaHeHHe MpH SOM MLO OTHOCHTEMBHO OBICTPO, KOTH i pasMuHEIMH nytaMu: wa Kapkas m mpugsenpor- ckyIo JIecOcTenb ¢ COxpaleHMeM ws0GpasiTenbHOit CTPYKTYpbI, HO, TO BCefi BHAMMOCTH, C HaMeHEHHEM, CeManrTHtecKOro ComepXAHH, Ha BOCTOK — C MONHOM s06pasirrestbHolt MEBEpcHelt, HO C COXPAHeHHeM ce- ManTHKu, Tpouiecc ror He Obvt, Ha H He Mor GxrTb cToub oHOsHaYHbIM. B YacTHOCTI, MOxHO HasBaT nexbtit pan w306paxenutl, KOMNOSHUHIOHHO HHKAK He CuasaHHbIx c u3HavaTbHOit opMoit: 970 XHINHHKK HS Kapmup-Baypa, Jlapresxu, 3on0roro xyprana, Ap- kala, Ha Tlacrane H3 “CuOnpeKoit KossIeKuuan Tlet- pal" Hap. Kaxkioe 13 otHx ns06paxeunit, neposTHo, Cieqyer cunrraT» wacTHBIM CTy¥aeM KOHBEpreHTHOro BOMIOWIEHHA aHHOTO MoTHBA, ITO CllIe Pas HOKASbI- RaeT, WTO 3a MOSRIEHHEM MOTHRa cHepHyBUIeTOCs XWUHHKa CTONT He Mpoulece MepepaGorKu, mepeoc- MBICIEHHS KAKHX-2HGO SY-KCPOMHBIX O6PAIOB, a K- BOE TBOPYECTBO MECTHEIX NACTEPOB, COCOGHDIX ca- MOCTORTENEHO RONMOTHTS HEOOXORUMBI OOpas (ageto), ecm Ha To Noctynan HeKuit OGuecTBeHEEIi 3aKa3. CIIMCOK JIMTEPATYPBI AGemexos A.K. Kyarypa KoesHukos pestieft Kupra- suit // Cxaost Bexa, Bum. 2, M., 1986. AGpaxoea M.IT, KarakomOubie norpesermt 1V-V 13 Cenepuoft Ocerm // CA. 1975. Ni 1. Axwues K.A. Kyprax Viecenx. Viexyecrno caxon Kazax- crana, M,, 1978, Anmonosa E.B. Ovepku kysistypot ApeBMix senienests- uc Tlepeaneit « Cpenneit Asus, Onbrr pexoucrpyK- Tyo wmpoBocmpusria. M., 1984. Apuxetin P. Howbie o4epxM MO TeHKOTOTMH HeKYcCTHA, M., 1994. Apmesosa 0.10, TiswocT’ H coluKambstste HOpME B pan neneppoOprTHott oGnmutte. M., 1987. Bapkooa JI. VisoOpaxkenux cBepHyBIinExes xHuIUHKOR a 3070TSIx nactunax 13 Mailawupa // ACTS. 1983. Bom. 24. Bamwaes B.M. Tpesnocra mpencxndhexoro # ckHq>cKoro mepnonos // ApxeonorHveckHe HecnenORANHs Ha HO- soctpotixax KaGapanio-Bankapun » 1972-1979 rr. T. 2, Hanbun, 1985. Bupynu Vian. M., 1995. He. POCCHMICKAS APXEONOTHA 3 2001K MCTOKAM CKM@CKOrO MCKYCCTBA 33 Baouxoucm E, O mporusopesMBOCTH TPakTOBKH XyROKE- creenHoro Taoprecrsa B acrermke A. Masispo // T Guemer xynoxXecrBeHHOTO THopHecrBa. KpirHYecknit anaam3. M., 1975. Boampux 10., ®uaaxo JI. K cemanrnxe wso6paxeunit wa Konickoii yaye Kyprana Orys // Kunemepaiiust # cxi- bor. Tes. nok. Kon. Y. 1. Kuposorpan, 1987. Bopmeun H.H. Haxoaa wa rope Ason a Ypaze // KCHMMK. 1949. Buin. XXV. Bapenos A.B. Hexoropnie mpoGxem1 snepunoro crus ® xurralickoit wcropworparputu / JIpesnull u cpeyueweKo- nuit Boctox. Mcropas, dpurosorua (npoGnewet ue- ‘TowmmkoneseHis). M., 1984, Beiin6epe HIT. Yenovex » kymstype spesHero Bmexwero Boctoxa. M., 1986. Buuneeckan O.A. Kynurypa caxckux nieMen HHsORDER ‘Conpaappit 8 VII-V nx. 10 #.9. M., 1973. Tasanuna JL-K. Cenpexae upesnocrs Toaienponba (2p Murraxxvas Kostexiut H.E. Bpasgesoypra) // CAM, 1977. Baan. [{1-33, Taaanuna JLK. Kexepweccene xypranpt. “Lapexue” 10- peGenttt panneckepexoil snoxu. M., 1997. Tepacunooa KM. TuGercxuit xanow nportoptuatt // TIpo- Gnema KaHOwa B jIpeBHEM H CpeMHEBEKOBOM HCKYCCTHE Asm w Adppaxst. M., 1973. Tpaanoa M.IT. Apxan. Uapexuit xypran parueckndbcxo- ro mpenenm. JL, 1980. Tynan ®., Marnuecxne camnonsi. M., 1995. Toco IL. Casutensstitsrec. M., 1979. Epnaut P'JI. Viekycers0 kax samitenue. M., 1982. Epmoaaesa A.C. Viecnesonas wa nesom Gepery Mproi- ira n nocrownom Kasaxcrane // AO-1983. 1985. Sasumyxuna MIT. CoOpaxne MIT, Parapnna 1716. 6 Ci- Gupexoit Konmexngmn Tletpa I/ ACTS. 1977. Buin. 18. Boucoe M. [IpoGnena xyxoxkecTBeMHoro TROPHECTRA B.3C- ‘reruxe I’, Bamuaspa // TipoGnesst xyxoxecrsenHoro ‘aopsectna. Kparaeckatt ana. M.,1975. Hauncxan B.A. Cxudpst JsenponcKoro zecoctenoro TlenoGeperkwa (kyprasthi Hocy.nba). Kuen, 1968. Hawunckas B.A. OGpas Kouaspero xuuytHka 8 paHHe~ cextpcxom ucxyectae // CA. 1971. N82. Havunckan B.A. Panneckuibexue Kyprantt 8 Gaccefine p. Tacma. Kes, 1975. Havuncran B.A., Tepenowrun AH. Cendpus VII 50. 70 11.9. Knes, 1983. Havioxos J.C, SIyronuxo CH. Howpie nanaranxn cxnpcxoro BpemeHn Ha Hinxnem Jlony // Tonckne apesxocra. Bbin. 2. Aso, 1994, Hopoancxuit B.B. Xaoc # rapmorna. M., 1982. Horpan H.A, Cranoanexue mpoToxaHoua 8 W06pasHTem ‘How rickycemne Som // Tpobinewa KAHOHA B JIpeBHEM cpemienexonom nexyecrae Asin Acppnxn. M., 1973, Kaetin JI.C. Apxeonornueckas Tamoxorns. JL, 1991. Kopenako B.A., Jyxenuxo CH. Hosbie Marepnanst ‘paltHeckwtpckOro BpeMeHH Ha TeBOGepERbE HwKHETO Towa // CA. 1982. N:3, Kpucavenxo B.C. u Op. Ecrecrnenno-naysanoe momunenne cospemennocrs. Kues, 1989. Kypouxun PH. 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N8 (wa Kut. #3.) HOnoncxuit JIT. TipoOnema ¢opweaponannx KyasTypet caxos Ixcuoro Hpwapana // CA. 1991. Ne Axosenxo 9.B. Kypra 4a Temup-Tope /] CA. 1972. Ne3. Filip J. Celtic Civilization and Its Heritage. Praha, 1976. Kossak G. Von Anfangen des Skytho-iranischen Tierstils // ‘Abhakdlungen BAW. 1987. Philhist. Klasse. NF. H. 98. Levi-Strauss C. La voie des masques. T. 1-2. Geneve, 1975. Piotrovsky B., Galanina L., Grach N. Skythian Art. Lenin- grad, 1986, Scruton R. Axt and Imagination, A Study in the Philosophy of Mind, London, 1974. On The Origin of Scythian Art: the Provenance of the Curled Predator Motif Yu. B. Polidovich Summary ‘The motif of curled predator is one of the most popular in Scythian art. No art tradition contains its analogies or predecessors. We can state with concern that it represents the invention of the Scythian artisans only. The carliest images of curled prredator (Figs. 3 and 3) are known in fully developed shape. They do not display any initial stage of formation, which is @ peculiar feature for artistic tradition in general and ancient art in particular. The finds of early images bearing the motif in question o1 inate from different regions of European steppic zone. They differ essentially as far as the rendering manner is concerned. The modes how tail and paws are placed (Fig. 1) may be characterised as opposite ones. According to C. Levi-Strauss, such a difference occurs in the course of cultural adoptation of an image. The process of the image perception can follow two patterns: either its shape undergoes changes but the meaning is preserved (model 1), or its shape is preserved whilst the meaning changed (model 2). It is important to define the place of the image’s origin. According to C. Levi- Strauss’ sw, the initial version may be termed as “strong” one: the most full in rendering and stable in vari- ations. The author claims that the images on the finds originating from the Kuban’ basin and adjacent steppic area along the Don river (Kelermes barrow mounds and other sites) to be just the case. It is from this territory that the motif in question spread over the Caucasus, Wester Asia, and Ukrainian forest-steppe following model 2, and over the eastern part of Scythian world following model 1. The evidences of independent emergence of the curled predator motif are also known (Karmir-Blur, Arzhan and others) POCCHMICKA APXEONOTHA Nr 3 2001