Als pdf oder txt herunterladen
Als pdf oder txt herunterladen
Sie sind auf Seite 1von 16

TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013 ISSN 0716-0798

La palabra chileno nada puede expresar: poesa de


origen mapuche

Magda Seplveda Eriz


3RQWLILFLD8QLYHUVLGDG&DWyOLFDGH&KLOH
PVHSXOYX#XFFO

1RWD(VWHDUWtFXORVHLQVFULEHGHQWURGHOSUR\HFWR)RQGHF\WUHJXODU1FX\DLQYHVWLJDGRUD
UHVSRQVDEOHHVTXLHQVXVFULEHHVWHDUWtFXOR


/DSRHVtDGHRULJHQ PDSXFKHHVFULWDDILQHV GHOVLJOR;;\FRPLHQ] RVGHOVLJOR ;;,
HODERUDXQDFRUUHODFLyQHQWUHPDQHUDVGHKDELWDU\IRUPDVGHKDEODU8QJUXSRGH
WH[WRVTXHGHVFULEHHOKDELWDUUXUDOHQODQDWXUDOH]DSULYLOHJLDODSXEOLFDFLyQGHWH[WRV
ELOLQJHVHVSDxROPDSXGXQJ~Q2WURJUXSRGHSRHPDULRVTXHPDUFDODHQXQFLDFLyQ
GHVGHODVFLXGDGHVGHSURYLQFLDGLVHxDWH[WRVPHWDSRpWLFRVGRQGHUHIOH[LRQDVREUH
HOFRQIOLFWRGHKDEODUHVSDxROGH&KLOH<XQWHUFHUJUXSRGHOLEURVGHSRHVtDFRGLILFD
ODUHDSURSLDFLyQGHODPHWURSROtXVDQGROHQJXDVXUEDQDVFRPRHOsplanglish\HOFRD
PH]FODGRFRQHOPDSXGXQJ~Q
Palabras clave:3RHVtDPDSXFKHWHUULWRULROHWUD

0DSXFKHSRHWU\ZULWWHQLQWKHODWHWZHQWLHWKDQGHDUO\WZHQW\ILUVWHVWDEOLVKHVDFRU
UHODWLRQEHWZHHQZD\VRIOLYLQJDQG ZD\VRIVSHDNLQJ$JURXSRIWH[WVGHVFULELQJ
UXUDOOLHIHVW\OHLQQDWXUHIDYRUVWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRIELOLQJXDOWH[WV $QRWKHUJURXSRI
SRHPV ZKLFKPDUNV WKH VWDWHPHQW IURP WKH SURYLQFLDOWRZQVGHVLJQVPHWDSRHWLF
WH[WVZKHUHKHUHIOHFWVRQWKHFRQIOLFWWRVSHDN6SDQLVKLQ&KLOH$QGDWKLUGJURXSRI
ERRNVRISRHWU\HQFRGHVWKHUHDSSURSULDWLRQRIWKHPHWURSROLVXVLQJODQJXDJHVVXFK
DVVSDQJOLVKDQGFRDPL[HGZLWKPDSXGXQJ~Q
 Keywords:0DSXFKH3RHWU\/DQG/HWWHU

5HFLELGRGHPDU]RGH
$SUREDGRGHDEULOGH

8QD SULPHUD YHUVLyQ GHHVWH WUDEDMR IXH OHtGDHQ HO;9,,, &RQJUHVR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH
(VWXGLRV/LWHUDULRV 62&+(/ 2VRUQR HQ QRYLHPEUHGH)RUPDSDUWHGHOSUR\HFWR
)RQGHF\W5 HSHUWRULRVHQFRH[LVWHQFLD HLQWHUI HUHQFLDHQOD SRHVtDLQGtJHQD 
KLVSDQRDPHULFDQDDFWXDOGHOTXHVR\LQYHVWLJDGRUDUHVSRQVDEOH\FX\RVFRLQYHVWLJDGRUHV
VRQORV'UHV,YiQ&DUUDVFR\2VFDU*DOLQGR  Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

&DPLQRSRUHOFHQWURGH6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH/OHJRKDVWDOD3OD]DGH$UPDV
OODPDGDDVtSRUTXHDOOtVHJXDUGDEDQMXVWDPHQWHODVDUPDVHQODpSRFDGHOD
&RQTXLVWD0HGHWHQJRHQODHVTXLQDTXHFRQWLHQHODHVFXOWXUDGHXQLQGtJHQD
(QODRWUDHVTXLQDHVWiODHVWDWXDHFXHVWUHGHOFRQTXLVWDGRU(OPRQXPHQWR
DOHVSDxROHVODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHXQSHUVRQDMHKLVWyULFRUHFRQRFLEOH3HGUR
GH9DOGLYLD/DHVFXOWXUDDOLQGtJHQDHVODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHXQURVWURPDSX
FKHVLQQRPEUH$GHPiVVRORWLHQHFDEH]DVXFXHUSRQRIRUPDSDUWHGHOD
REUD7DQWRODDXVHQFLDGHQRPEUHFRPRGHFXHUSRPHSDUHFHQGRVJHVWRV
VLPEyOLFRV9HRHQHVWDVGRVHVTXLQDVODUHSHWLFLyQGHODKLVWRULDRILFLDOD
SHVDUGHTXHODHVFXOWXUDGHOLQGtJHQDIXHKHFKDHQODGpFDGDGHORVD
ILQHVGHOVLJOR;;/DUHSUHVHQWDFLyQLQVLVWHHQODQDUUDWLYDGHFLPRQyQLFDGH
)UDQFLVFR(QFLQDGRQGHVHHODERUDHOKHURtVPRGHORVHVSDxROHV\VHGHMDOD
EDUEDULHSDUDORVLQGtJHQDV/DVOXFKDVGHORVLQGtJHQDVFRQWUDODVFLXGDGHV
VRQFRQWDGDVFRPRGHVDVWUHV

(QODPDGUXJDGDGHOGHVHSWLHPEUHORVLQGLRVUHVJXDU
GDGRVSRUODPLVPDHPSDOL]DGDTXHSURWHJtDODFLXGDG
DUURMDEDQQXEHVGHIOHFKDV\SLHGUDVTXHORVHVSDxROHV
ORJUDEDQHVTXLYDUKDVWDHODOED&RQODOX]FRQVLJXLHURQ
FRQWUDUUHVWDUHODWDTXHSHURHUDQPX\SRFRV\DOLQFHQGLR
GHORVUDQFKRVGHSDMDKXELHUDVHJXLGRHOH[WHUPLQLRGH
WRGRVORVHVSDxROHVVL,QpVGH6XiUH]QRKXELHUDVDOYDGROD
VLWXDFLyQFRQYHQFLHQGRDORVHVSDxROHVGHODFRQYHQLHQFLD
GHGHJROODUDFDFLTXHVTXH9DOGLYLDKDEtDUHWHQLGRHQOD
FLXGDG\DUURMDUVXVFDEH]DVHQWUHORVDWHUURUL]DGRVLQGLRV
/DFDUJDILQDOHQODTXHODSURSLD,QpVGH6XiUH]SDUWLFLSy
FRQVXFRWDGHPDOODGHILQLyODSHOHD\ODVXSHUYLYHQFLD
GH6DQWLDJR )UDQFLVFR(QFLQDHistoria de Chile7RPR, 

(QFLQDGHVFULEHDORVHVSDxROHVFRPRYDOLHQWHVFXDQGRQDUUDODGHVWUXF
FLyQGH6DQWLDJRHQ\QRVHUHILHUHDOYDORUGHODVIXHU]DVGLULJLGDV
SRUHOFDFLTXH 0LFKLPDORQFR7RGDYtDQRYDORUDPRVHOJHVWRLQGtJHQD \QR
QRVUHFRQRFHPRVHQHVRVFXHUSRV/DFLXGDGOHWUDGDHVWiHQGHXGDFRQHO
PXQGRLQGtJHQD

/DVFLXGDGHVIXHURQSDUDHOLPSHULRFRORQLDOHVSDxROXQDIRUPDGHOOHYDU
DFDERVXVRPHWLPLHQWR<DQJHO5DPDKDUHODFLRQDGRHOSRGHUSROtWLFRFRQ
ODGLVWULEXFLyQHVSDFLDOLQGLFDQGRTXHORVWUHVOXJDUHVHVWUDWpJLFRVSDUDOD
GRPLQDFLyQHOFRUUHRODLJOHVLD\ODDOFDOGtDVHLQVWDODURQHQHOFHQWURGHOD
FLXGDG(OFRUUHRSRVLELOLWDEDODFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQODPHWUySROLLPSHULDOOD
LJOHVLDSURFXUDEDDWUDHUILHOHVSDUDHOQXHYRXQLYHUVRGHYDORUHV\ODDOFDOGtD
SHUPLWtDODVXE\XJDFLyQDODVOH\HVLPSHULDOHV$VtHQODFLXGDGOHWUDGDOD
HVFULWXUD \ HO SRGHU FRQIRUPDEDQ XQD XQLGDG LGHROyJLFD \ WHUULWRULDO /DV
FLXGDGHVFRORQLDOHVIXHURQSHQVDGDVFRPRHMHUFLFLRFLYLOL]DWRULR\SRUWDQWR
VHPHQRVSUHFLy\VHLQWHQWyDFDEDUFRQODVIRUPDVSUHFRORPELQDVGHKDELWDU
,QFOXVRHQORVOXJDUHVGRQGHH[LVWtDQFLXGDGHVFRPR7HQRFKWLWODQHQ0p[LFR
TXHHUDXQDXUEHPiVJUDQGH\FRPSOHMDTXHFXDOTXLHUDHXURSHDGHODpSRFD
ORVFRQTXLVWDGRUHVHGLILFDURQVXFLXGDGVREUHHOOD(Q&KLOHODVLWXDFLyQGHO
KDELWDUHUDRWUDSXHVORVPDSXFKHVWHQtDQXQFRQFHSWRGLIHUHQWHGHSREODU
3DUDHOORVKDELWDUHUD\HV YLYLUHQ \FRPR ODQDWXUDOH]D(VWDIRUPD HVWi
HQODSDODEUDGHOPDSXGXQJ~Q lofTXHDOXGHDXQHVSDFLRGH FRQYLYHQFLD

Q 
MAGDA SEPLVEDA ERIZ LA PALABRA CHILENO NADA PUEDE EXPRESAR: POESA DE ORIGEN MAPUCHE

WHUULWRULDO\VRFLDOEDVDGRHQODMXVWLFLD\ODUHFLSURFLGDG &RQVHMRGHWRGDV
ODVWLHUUDV SUDFWLFDGRSRUTXLHQHVVHFRQRFHQ\VHUHFRQRFHQHQWUHVt
FRPRSHUWHQHFLHQWHVGHXQDPLVPDLGHQWLGDGFROHFWLYDGDGDSRUODPHPR
ULDGHOHVSDFLRItVLFR\GHORVDQFHVWURVTXHKDQKDELWDGRHQpO(VWDQRFLyQ
GLVWDEDVWDQWHGHODLGHDGHFLXGDGTXH VHGHILQHFRPRXQDDJUXSDFLyQGH
GHVFRQRFLGRV TXH QR VH UHFRQRFHQ HQ UHODFLRQHV GH UHFLSURFLGDG VLQR HQ
REHGLHQFLDDXQDMXVWLFLDHVFULWD

/DOLWHUDWXUDGHRULJHQPDSXFKHGHILQHVGHOVLJOR;;\FRPLHQ]RVGHO;;,
KDSRHWL]DGRODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOWHUULWRULR\ODOHWUD'HVWDFDQWUHVPDQHUDV
GH VLPEROL]DFLyQ /D SULPHUDPRGDOLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ ODHODERU DFLyQ GH XQ
WHUULWRULRPDUDYLOORVR GRQGH HOKXPDQR FRQYLYHDUPRQLR VDPHQWH FRQHOH 
PHQWRVQDWXUDOHV4XLHQHVSDUWLFLSDQGHHVWDPRGDOLGDGUHSURGXFHQRUDO\
HVFULWXUDOPHQWHVRQLGRVGHODQDWXUDOH]D\RVXHOHQHVFULELUOLEURVELOLQJHVHQ
HVSDxRO\PDSXGXQJ~Q/DVHJXQGDOtQHDHVWiIRUPDGDSRUTXLHQHVPDUFDQ
VXVLWXDFLyQGHHQXQFLDFLyQGHVGHODSURYLQFLD\HVFULEHQHQFDVWHOODQRSHUR
FRQXQDFRQFLHQFLDPHWDSRpWLFDVREUHODVGLILFXOWDGHVGHKDEODUODOHQJXD
GHOFRQTXLVWDGRU/DWHUFHUDPRGDOLGDGOLWHUDULDODLQWHJUDQORVSRHWDV TXH
UHFODPDQ VLPEyOLFDPHQWH ODPHWURSOtFRPR WHUULWRULRPDSXFKH \WUDEDMDQ
VREUHXQDYHUEDOL]DFLyQTXHKLEULGL]DODVOHQJXDVXUEDQDVHOFRDHOpunkHO
rapFRQHOPDSXGXQJ~Q(VWDVIRUPDVGHFRGLILFDUGHILQHJUXSRVGHSRHWDV
/RVSDUDGLJPDVGHODSULPHUDPRGDOLGDGVRQORVSRHWDV(OLFXUD&KLKXDLODI
  \ /HRQHO /LHQODI   (Q OD VHJXQGD OtQHD -DLPH /XLV +XHQ~Q
 %HUQDUGR&ROLSiQ  \-XDQ3DXOR+XLPLULOOD  (QODWHUFHUD
PRGDOLGDG(OLDQD3XOTXLOODQFD  \'DYLG$QLxLU  HQWUHRWURV

1. Escuchar la tierra. El ave de tu idioma

(OLFXUD&KLKXDLODISXEOLFDEl invierno, su imagen y otros poemas azules


HQ(VXQOLEURGRQGHODPD\RUtDGHORVSRHPDVWLHQHQXQDYHUVLyQHQ
HVSDxROGH&KLOH\XQDHQPDSXGXQJ~Q(OSRHWDKDEODODVGRVOHQJXDVQR
KD\QLWUDGXFWRUQLWUDGXFFLyQ(OSRHPDTXHDEUHHOOLEUR/DOODYHTXHQDGLH
KDSHUGLGRHVXQDUWHSRpWLFDTXHUHPDUFDTXHVXSRHVtDVHKDFHGHVGHOD
VRQRULGDGGHODQDWXUDOH]D

3DUD.RWNLQORVUtRVPDUHVUXWDVFRPHUFLDOHVRHVSDFLRVYHUGHVSXHGHQD\XGDUDLQLFLDU

XQDJUDQFLXGDGRFRQWULEXLUDVXFUHFLPLHQWRSHURQRSXHGHQVXVWHQWDUVXp[LWRDODUJR
SOD]RSXHVHOORHVWi YLQFXODGRDOYDORUTXHODVSHUVRQDVOHDVLJQHQDODH[SHULHQFLDGHOD
YLGDXUEDQDHVWRHVDFRH[LVWLUHLQWHUDFWXDUFRQH[WUDxRVDMHQRVDVXFODQRWULEX(OOR
OHVH[LJtDGHVDUUROODUQXHYDVIRUPDVGHFRQGXFWDFRGLILFDGDGHWHUPLQDUTXpHUDORQRUPDO
PHQWHDFHSWDEOHHQODYLGDIDPLOLDUHOFRPHUFLR\HOGLVFXUVRVRFLDO(QWLHPSRVDQWLJXRV
QRUPDOPHQWHHUDHOFOHURHOTXHGLFWDPLQDEDVREUHWDOHVPDWHULDV .RWNLQ 
(&KLKXDLODIKDSXEOLFDGRORVSRHPDULRV El invierno y su imagen  \En el pas

de la memoria  GRQGHXQDVHULHVHUHILHUHDODFLXGDG(VXQOLEURTXH KDEODGHOD


KHULGD GH VHU FLXGDGDQR GH VHJXQGD FODVH 3RVWHULRU D pO HO DXWRU KD FRQWLQXDGR HQ XQ
UHJLVWURXWySLFRGRQGHVHLQVFULEHQEl invierno y su imagen y otros poemas azules  
De sueos azules y contrasueos   \ A orillas de un sueo azul   (Q SURVD
GHVWDFDRecado confidencial a los chilenos  (OLDQD3XOTXLOODQFDKDSXEOLFDGRRaces
del canelo  -XDQ3DEOR+XLULPLOODKDSXEOLFDGREl ojo devidrio  \Palimpsesto
 -DLPH+XHQ~QKDHVFULWRORVSRHPDULRVCeremonias  \Puerto Trakl  
%HUQDUGR&ROLSiQKDSXEOLFDGRHOOLEURGHWHVWLPRQLRVPulotre  HOSRHPDULRArco de
interrogaciones 6DQWLDJR/20 \HOWH[WRWHVWLPRQLDOSRpWLFRForrahue  'DYLG
$QLxLUKDSXEOLFDGRORVSRHPDULRVMapurbe  \Haykuche  

 Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

/DSRHVtDQRVLUYHSDUDQDGDPHGLFHQ
\HQHOERVTXHORViUEROHVVHDFDULFLDQ
FRQVXVUDtFHVD]XOHV\DJLWDQVXVUDPDV
HODLUHVDOXGDQGRFRQSiMDURVOD&UX]GHO6XU

/DSRHVtDHVHOKRQGRVXVXUURGHORVDVHVLQDGRV
HOUXPRUGHKRMDVHQHORWRxRODWULVWH]D
SRUHOPXFKDFKRTXHFRQVHUYDODOHQJXD
SHURKDSHUGLGRHODOPD

/DSRHVtDODSRHVtDHVXQJHVWRHOSDLVDMH
WXVRMRV\PLVRMRVPXFKDFKDRtGRVFRUD]yQ
ODPLVPDP~VLFD<QRGLJRPiVSRUTXH
QDGLHHQFRQWUDUiODOODYHTXHQDGLHKDSHUGLGR

<SRHVtDHVHOFDQWRGHPLVDQWHSDVDGRV
HOGtDGHLQYLHUQRTXHDUGH\DSDJD
HVWDPHODQFROtDWDQSHUVRQDO

&KLKXDLODI

(OSRHPD HVWiFRQVWLWXLGRSRU LQVWDQFLDVTXHUHILHUHQDVRQLGRDJLWDQ


VXVUDPDVVDOXGDQGRFRQSiMDURVVXVXUURGHORVDVHVLQDGRVUXPRU
GH KRMDV OD PLVPD P~VLFD RtGRV\ FDQWR GH PLV DQWHSDVDGRV (VD
HVFXFKDWDQDFXFLRVDVRORSXHGHSURYHQLUGHODPHODQFROtDRWULVWH]DSRUXQD
SpUGLGDTXHQRVHGHFODUDIHQHFLGD(VDSpUGLGDTXHSHUPDQHFHDXQYLYD
HVHQHOSRHPDODFXOWXUDPDSXFKH(OKDEODQWHVHFRQVWLWX\HFRPRSRHWD
HQODPHGLGDHQTXHHVFDSD]GHHVFXFKDUORVVRQLGRVGHODQDWXUDOH]D\HO
FDQWRGHORVDQFHVWURV\HVDOODYHQRVHKDSHUGLGR6LPDSXGXQJ~QVLJQLILFD
OLWHUDOPHQWHKDEODGHODWLHUUDDTXtHOSRHWDHVTXLHQHVFXFKDODQDWXUDOH]D
HLQWHQWDXQDPtPHVLVVHPiQWLFD\RIyQLFDGHHVDHVFXFKDHQVXVWH[WRV
(OSRHWDVHDXWRGHILQHFRPRWDOHQWDQWRHVWiHQVROLGDULGDGFRQORVVRQLGRV
GHODQDWXUDOH]D\HOUHODWRGHVXVDQWHSDVDGRV

1HUXGDGHFtDHQ/DOiPSDUDHQODWLHUUDODVLQLFLDOHV GHODWLHUUDHV
WDEDQHVFULWDV1DGLHSXGRUHFRUGDUODVGHVSXpVHOYLHQWRODVROYLGyHO
LGLRPDGHODJXDIXHHQWHUUDGRODVFODYHVVHSHUGLHURQ 1HUXGD 1HUXGD
PHQFLRQDDTXtXQLGLRPDGHOYLHQWRXQLGLRPDGHODJXD \XQLGLRPDGHOD
WLHUUD(OSRHWDHVWDEOHFHXQYtQFXORFRQODYLEU DFLyQGHODQDWXU DOH]DTXH
HVSURSLDPHQWHHOVRQLGReOFRPRWRGRVORVSRHWDVHVWiDWHQWRDWRGRVORV
VRQLGRVSHURFUHHTXHHVDFDSDFLGDGGHLPLWDUORVVRQLGRVGHODQDWXUDOH]D
VHSHUGLHURQ6LQHPEDUJRVLKR\HVFXFKDUDD/RUHQ]R$LOODSiQVDEUtDTXH
XQDSDUWHGHORVKXPDQRVVHHQFDUJyGHFRQVHUYDUORV(VWHSRHWDPDSXFKH
VHDXWRQRPEUDKRPEUHSiMDURHQYLUWXGGHTXHSXHGHUHSURGXFLUKDFLHQGR
XVRGHWRGRVXDSDUDWRIyQLFRORVVRQLGRVGHODJUDQPD\RUtDGHODVDYHV
TXHKDELWDQHOVXUGH&KLOH6XVSRHPDVUHFRSLODGRVSRUHGLWRULDO3HKXpQHO
VRQWRGRVELOLQJHV&DGDXQRGHHOORVOOHYDHOQRPEUHGHXQSiMDUR
/RVSRHPDVHQPDSXGXQJ~QVRQRQRPDWRSp\LFRVGHGLYHUVRVVRQLGRVGH
FDGDSiMDURVXSLDUVXYXHOR\VXPDQHUDGHFRPHUHQWUHRWUDVFRQGXFWDV
DQLPDOHV$LOODSiQFRQVHUYDODVFODYHV

/DPHWUySROLHVGHVFULWDSRUHVWHJUXSRGHSRHWDVFRPRXQOXJDUGRQGH
ORVVRQLGRVFRUUHVSRQGHQDREMHWRVTXHVHFLHUUDQ(ORtGRJLJDQWH GHILQH

Q 
MAGDA SEPLVEDA ERIZ LA PALABRA CHILENO NADA PUEDE EXPRESAR: POESA DE ORIGEN MAPUCHE

ODSRpWLFD GH&KLKXDLODI3RUHVRSDUDpOHVWDUHQODFLXGDG HVFHVFXFKDU


VRQLGRVTXHFRQIXQGHQ(QHOSRHPD6XHxRGHDJXDWXUELDUHPHPRUDVX
HVWDGtDHQ6DQWLDJR

0iVHQPLDOPDHQPLVXHxRODP~VLFD
GHODFRQIXVLyQ
DJLWDVXVDODV\QRYHRDPLVKLMDV
QLDPLPXMHU
QLDPLVSDGUHV<HOWLHPSRORVOXJDUHV
VRQHO0HWURGH6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH
FRQSXHUWDVTXHYHUWLJLQRVDVVHFLHUUDQ
VHFLHUUDQ
\ORVDPLJRVTXHGHEtDQHVWDU
HOUXPRUGHORVERVTXHVTXHVHIXHURQ

&KLKXDLODI 

(OVRQLGRGHODFLXGDGFRUUHVSRQGHHQHOSRHPDDSXHUWDVTXHVHFLHUU
DQ
TXHFRQQRWDODGLVFULPLQDFLyQHQ XQDFLXGDGTXHVHSLHQVDEODQFD(QHVH
GXURHVFHQDULRHOKDEODQWHLQFOXVRSRHWL]DPHGLDQWHVRQLGRVHODEDQGRQR
GHORVDPLJRVFRPRUXPRUGHORVERVTXHVTXHVHIXHURQ(VDIRUPDGH
SRHWL]DUORDFHUFDDVXFXOWXUD<HVDVVRQODVFODYHVTXHQRVHSHUGLHURQ

/DFLXGDGQRHVHOOXJDUGHODVSDODEUDVTXHHOSRHWDEXVFD(OODVHVWiQHQ
VXFRPXQLGDGGRQGHODQDWXUDOH]DIRUPDSDUWHGHORYLYR\ODVSHUVRQDVVH
MXQWDQDGLDORJDU(QHOSRHPD6XHxRD]XOSRHWL]DHVDPDQHUDGHKDELWDU

/DFDVD$]XOHQTXHQDFt
VLWXDGDHQXQDFROLQD
URGHDGDGHKXDOOHVXQVDXFH
QRJDOHVFDVWDxRV

(QLQYLHUQRVHQWLPRVFDHUORVUREOHV
SDUWLGRVSRUORVUD\RV

3RUODVQRFKHVRtPRVORVFDQWRV
FXHQWRV\DGLYLQDQ]DV
DRULOODVGHOIRJyQ
UHVSLUDQGRHODURPDGHOSDQ

+DEORGHODPHPRULDGHPLQLxH]
\QRGHXQDVRFLHGDGLGtOLFD

&KLKXDLODI

(OSRHPDFUHDXQPRGRGHKDELWDUGRQGHHOHQWRUQRQDWXUDOIRUPDSDUWH
GHODKLVWRULD\HOJUXSRVRFLDOFXOWLYDXQDPHPRULDTXHORYXHOYHFRPXQLGDG
/DFDVDGHVFULWDHQHOSRHPDWLHQHXQDSDUWLFXODULGDGHVWiDVHQWDGDHQXQ
OXJDUHVSHFtILFRGRQGHKD\FLHUWRWLSRGHiUEROHV\OOHJDQFLHUWDVHVSHFLHVGH
DYHV(QWRQFHVQRHVHOHVSDFLRQLHOWLHPSRPRGHUQRORSRHWL]DGRVLQRXQD
PDQHUDGHYLYLUGRQGHORVHOHPHQWRVQDWXUDOHVIRUPDQSDUWHGHODPHPRULD
KLVWyULFDGHODFRPXQLGDG

 Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

/HRQHO/LHQODISXEOLFDSe ha despertado el ave de mi coraznHQ(V


XQSRHPDULRHQWHUDPHQWHELOLQJH(QHOOLEURODILJXUDGHOSRHWDVHFRQV
WLWX\HFRPRDTXHODOFXDOOHKDEODODWLHUUDHODJXD\ORVSiMDURV(OSRHPD
3DODEUDVGLFKDVIXQFLRQDFRPRXQDUWHSRpWLFD

(VRWUDSDODEUD
PHKDEOyHOFRSLKXH
PHKDEOyODWLHUUD

&DVLOORUp

7XVOiJULPDVGHEHV
GiUVHODVIORUHV
PHKDEOyHOSiMDURFKXFDR

/LHQODI

(QHOSRHPDHOKDEODQWHHVLQYHVWLGRFRPRSRHWDSRUHOFRSLKXHODWLHUUD
\XQDYH(VWRVHOHPHQWRVDSDUHFHQSHUVRQLILFDGRVKDEODQSHURQRHVWDQ
VROR XQD ILJXUD UHWyULFD (Q OD SRHVtD PDSXFKH HIHFWLYDPHQWH H[LVWH XQD
YLVLyQGHPXQGRGRQGHODQDWXUDOH]DHVWiYLYD\SURGXFHVRQLGRV

/DFLXGDGSDUD/LHQODIWLHQHXQVRQLGRVXEWHUUiQHR\HVHOUXLGRGHVDQJUH
TXHFRUUHEDMRHOOD7HPXFRHVGHVFULWRFRPRWHUULWRULRLQGtJHQDXVXUSDGR
/DGHVFULSFLyQHVHIHFWXDGDSRUORVHOHPHQWRVQDWXUDOHVGHODFLXGDGHOUtR
&DXWtQ\HOFHUURfLHORO

(OUtR&DXWtQ
HQHOPHGLR
EDMDOORUDQGR
SRU7HPXFR
OORUD

(OFHUURfLHORO
VHQWDGRPLUD
JUDQGHVFDVDV

&DVDVTXHQRVRQ
GHPDSXFKHV
SLHQVD

7HPXFRFLXGDG
GHEDMRGHWL

HVWiQGXUPLHQGR
PLVDQWHSDVDGRV
6RxDQGRHQVXVXHxR
HVWiQHOORV
\FRUUHHQHOUtR
VXVDQJUH

/LHQODI

Q 
MAGDA SEPLVEDA ERIZ LA PALABRA CHILENO NADA PUEDE EXPRESAR: POESA DE ORIGEN MAPUCHE

/DSHUVRQLILFDFLyQGHORVHOHPHQWRVQDWXUDOHVHOUtROORUD\HOFHUURSLHQVD
FRUUHVSRQGHDXQDIRUPDGHHQWHQGHUHOHVSDFLR/DFLXGDGQRYDOHHQWDQWR
XUEHHQHVWHSRHPDVLQRTXHLQWHUHVDSRUORVHOHPHQWRVQDWXUDOHVTXHGHIL
QHQVXKiELWDW7DQWRHOFHUURFRPRHOUtRIRUPDQSDUWHGHODUFKLYRPDSXFKH
FX\RVGRFXPHQWRVVRQORVFHUURVORVUtRVODIORUD\ODIDXQD(OSDLVDMHHV
HOWHVWLPRQLRGHODSHUWHQHQFLDGHHVHWHUULWRULRDVXVKDELWDQWHVSULPHURV\
SDUDKDELWDUHVHSDLVDMHKD\TXHKDEODUVXOHQJXDHOOHQJXDMHGHODWLHUUD
3RUHOORODPD\RUtDGHORVWH[WRVTXHHQXQFLDQGHVGHORUXUDOVRQELOLQJHV
HVSDxROPDSXGXQJ~Q6HKDGHVSHUWDGRHOOHQJXDMHHQPLFRUD]yQVHKD
GHVSHUWDGRHODYHGHPLFRUD]yQ

2. Habitar la provincia. Obligado al espaol

8QDVHJXQGDOtQHDGHSRHWDVSXEOLFDOLEURVHQHVSDxROTXHLQWURGXFHQDO
LQWHULRUGHFDGDWH[WRDOJXQDVSDODEUDVHQPDSXGXQJ~Q/DPD\RUtDGHHOORV
VRQSRHWDVTXHUHPDUFDQXQDVLWXDFLyQGHHQXQFLDFLyQSURYLQFLDQDDXQTXH
QRQHFHVDULDPHQWHYLYDQ\DHQODVFLXGDGHVGHSURYLQFLD(QHOORVVHGDXQD
UHIOH[LyQPHWDSRpWLFDGRQGHVHDVRFLDHOSHUWHQHFHUDODFLXGDGFRQDSUHQGHU
HOHVSDxRO $HVWHJUXSRSHUWHQHFHQ-DLPH+XHQ~Q-XDQ3DEOR+XLULPLOOD
%HUQDUGR&ROLSiQ\$GULDQD3DUHGHV3LQGDHQWUHRWURV

-DLPH +XHQ~Q SXEOLFD HQ  Ceremonias &DGD XQD GH ODV SDUWHV
GHO OLEUR &HUHPRQLD GHO DPRU &HUHPRQLD GH OD PXHUWH \ &HUHPRQLD
GHOUHJUHVRSRHWL]DODIRUPDHQTXHODFXOWXUDPDSXFKHYLYHFDGDXQDGH
HVDVLQVWDQFLDV&HUHPRQLDVGHODPXHUWHDERUGDXQDVHULHGHDVHVLQDWRV
PDVLYRVHIHFWXDGRVHQUHGXFFLRQHVPDSXFKHV(OSRHWDGLVHxDSDUDUHODWDU
DOJXQRVGHHVWRVFUtPHQHVODYR]GHXQPDSXFKHTXHQRSRUWDORVVDEHUHV
TXHVHH[LJHDOFLXGDGDQR

812

)255$+8(

DO]DEDQVXVPDQRVHQVDQJUHQWDGDVDOFLHOR

'LDULREl ProgresoGH2VRUQRGHRFWXEUHGH

1RKDEOiEDPRVFKLOHQRPLSDLVDQR
FDVWHOODQRTXHORGLFHQ
&RSLKXHVtEODQFR\URMR
IORUGHPLFKD\
FKLOFRQXHYR

1RVDEtDPRVGH9LUJHQQLGH&ULVWRSDGUHFLWR
QLGHO'LRVHQODV$OWXUDV

-XJiEDPRVWLUiQGRQRVHVWLpUFROGHFDEDOORHQORV
SRWUHURV
UREiEDPRVSDQDOHVDORVXOPRV\DORVPRVFRV
\SLQDWUDVDORVKXDOOHVGHODSDPSD
PLUiEDPRVGHVQXGDVEDxDUVHDODVKHUPDQDV
FRQPDQRMRVGHTXLOOD\HQHODUUR\R

 Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

0DORHUD

6t

3RUHVRYLQRHQYLGLD\OLWLJLR\FDUDELQD

 +XHQ~Q

(OHVFULWRU GHSRVLWDHQ XQ VREUHYLYLHQWH GH ODPDWDQ]D GH )RUUDKXH OD


GHVFULSFLyQGHWRGDVODVDFXVDFLRQHVFRQWUDHVDFRPXQLGDGPDSXFKH(OVREUH
YLYLHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDDKRUDGHVSXpVGHVXKXLGDSRUPRQWDxDV\EDUUDQFRV
HQ XQD FLXGDG GH SURYLQFLD (VWDORFDOL]DFLyQVH PDUFD HQ ODVUHIHUHQFLDV
DSHODWLYDVGHOKDEODQWHPLSDLVDQRSDGUHFLWRDPLJR\PDPLWD(Q
ODVDFXVDFLRQHVTXHMXVWLILFDQHOH[WHUPLQLRHVWiQQRKDEODUFDVWHOODQR\QR
FRQRFHUODIHFDWyOLFD(OKDEODQWHVHLGHQWLILFDFRQRWUDOHQJXDFRSLKXHVt
YDOHGHFLUODOHQJXDGHODWLHUUDHOPDSXGXQJ~Q(QODFLXGDGHOKDEODQWH
KDVREUHYLYLGR\KDEODFDVWHOODQRSHURSDUDHOORKD GHELGRUHQHJDUGHVX
FXOWXUDPDORHUD(QWRQFHVFLXGDG\OHQJXDFRLQFLGHQ

-XDQ 3DXOR +XLULPLOOD HQ VX OLEUR Palimpesto   SODQWHD OD FLXGDG
SURYLQFLDQDFRP RHVSD FLRGHOH[WU DYtRSD UDHOVXMHWRP DSXFKH(OD XWRU
FUHDXQFDPSHVLQRPDSXFKHTXHGHVFULEHVXKDELWDUHQODXUEHORFDO\TXH
YDPRVWUDQGRHQVXVURSDVHQODVFDQFLRQHVTXHHVFXFKD\HQVXPRGRGH
VHURWURWLHPSRKLVWyULFR3RUHOORHQODGHVFULSFLyQVXSHUVRQDMHHVXQSD
OLPSHVWRWHPSRUDOTXHFRQWLHQHHOHPHQWRVGHWRGRVORVWLHPSRV+XLULPLOOD
SUHVHQWD HO GHVDFRPRGR GH XQD VXEMHWLYLGDG TXH HQWLHQGH HO WLHPSR GH
PDQHUDGLIHUHQWHHQUHODFLyQFRQFLFORVQDWXUDOHV\SRUHOORHQODFLXGDG
VHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQSHUVRQDMHIXHUDGHpSRFDXQH[WHPSRUiQHRDOJXLHQ
DTXLHQOHOOHJDWDUGHODPRGD

<RFD]DGRUUHFROHFWRUXUEDQRGHFKDTXHWDHFXHUR
SLQWDGRDODJRPLQDQDFLGRGHODFKLQJDGD
GH3HGUR(ULD]R

+DEORWDUWDPXGRSRUORVPXHUWRVGHPLVDQWHSDVDGRV
FRQHOFHxRSDUWLGR
SDUFRGHSDODEUDVVHPHKDSHUGLGR
HOFDUQHWGHLGHQWLGDG

6LHPSUHHVHORWURHQHOUHIOHMRWUL]DGRGHXQDIRWRJUDItD

/DSDODEUD&DVWLOODRFKLOHQRQDGDSXHGHH[SUHVDU

+XLULPLOOD

/DXUEHQRHVXQOXJDUFDSD]GHFRQYHUWLUVHHQXQWHUULWRULRSHUVRQDOSDUD
HOSHUVRQDMHGH+XLULPLOODSRUTXHHVXQHVSDFLRTXHORKRPRJHQL]DKDFLDOR
QDFLRQDO(OGRFXPHQWRGHLGHQWLGDGTXHORQRPEUDFKLOHQRQDGDH[SUHVD
SDUDHVWDYR]$VXYH]ODIRWRJUDItDGHOFDUQHWHVSDUDpOODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ
GHODWDFKDGXUDHQVXLGHQWLGDGSXHVORLQGLFDFKLOHQRXQDSHUWHQHQFLDTXH
pOUHFKD]D

Q 
MAGDA SEPLVEDA ERIZ LA PALABRA CHILENO NADA PUEDE EXPRESAR: POESA DE ORIGEN MAPUCHE

/DVHULHGHDQXODFLRQHVWU DQVIRUPDILQDOPHQWHDOKDELWDQWHPDSXFKH HQ


XQIDQWDVPD(QHVHHVWDGRGHH[WUDYtRHOVXMHWRGH+XLULPLOODFDPLQDSRU
ORVOXJDUHVGHJUDGDGRVGHODFLXGD GEDUHVFDQWLQDVSURVWtEXORV\FLQHVGH 
WHUFHUD(OKDEODQWHWUD]DXQFURTXLVXUEDQRKLOYDQDQGRORVOXJDUHVGRQGHVH
GDODKLEULGH]WHUFHUPXQGLVWDTXHGHVFULELy*DUFtD&DQFOLQLSURFHVRVVRFLR
FXOWXUDOHVHQORVTXHHVWUXFWXUDVRSUiFWLFDVGLVFUHWDVTXHH[LVWtDQHQIRUPD
VHSDUDGDVHFRPELQDQSDUDJHQHUDUQXHYDVHVWUXFWXUDVREMHWRV\SUiFWLFDV
 $VtODVUDQFKHUDVFDQFLRQHVSURSLDVGH0p[LFRVHHVFXFKDQHQORVVLWLRV
GHJUDGDGRVGHODFLXGDGSURYLQFLDQD3DUD&DUORV0RQVLYiLV/DFDQFLyQUDQ
FKHUDHVHOJU DQJROSHGHXQDPHWDItVLFD SDUDODVPDVD VDOOtHVWi DOJRTXH 
VRVWLHQHUHDFFLRQHV\FRQYXOVLRQHVDMHQDVDOiPELWRGHODFLXGDG  GRQGH
HOSXHEORVHGHVTXLWDGHODLPSRVLELOLGDGHFRQyPLFD\FXOWXUDO  OORUDQGR
ODSpUGLGDGHVXUDQFKR\GHVXDPDGD R (VWDSpUGLGDGHOUDQFKRHVHOSXQWR
TXHWRFDODVHQVLELOLGDGGHOKDEODQWHGH+XLULPLOODTXHGHVGHVXFRQGLFLyQGH
FDPSHVLQRH[WUDYLDGRHQODFLXGDGHPSDWL]DFRQORVGHWUDFWRUHVPH[LFDQRV
GHODFLXGDG$VtHVWRVOXJDUHVFRPRODFDQWLQDHOSURVWtEXOR\HOFLQHTXHGD
SHOtFXODVYLHMDVVHFRQVWLWX\HQHQ]RQDVGHKLEULGH]ODWLQRDPHULFDQDGRQGH
VHGDODPL[WXUDGHGLYHUVRVSURGXFWRVGHOFRQWLQHQWH

%HUQDUGR&ROLSiQSXEOLFDArco de interrogacionesHO(OOLEURSRHWL
]DODSHUWHQHQFLDGHOKDEODQWHDODFXOWXUDPDSXFKH\ODVVDOLGDVREOLJDGDV
SRUPHGLRGHODHVFXHOD\VXVHQVHxDQ]DVGHOHQJXD\GHKLVWRULD$UFRGH
LQWHUURJDFLRQHVHVHIHFWLYDPHQWHXQDUFRFRQVWUXLGRHQHOULWRGHOQJXLOODW~Q
(VDHVODSHUWHQHQFLD/DVDOLGDHVODHGXFDFLyQREOLJDWRULDEODQFD(OSRHPD
VHOODPD(VHGLItFLORILFLRGHOHHUD(QFLQD

3RUDxRVHVWXYRHQERFDGHPXFKRV
PDHVWURVGHHVFXHOD
SX]]OHV
\YDULDVFDOOHVDXQ
OOHYDQKR\VXQRPEUH

7RGRORDSUHQGLGR
FRQEXHQDUD]yQIXHROYLGDGR

/DKLVWRULDHVXQRMR
VXPHUJLGRHQODQRFKH
SDODEUDV
SDUDQRVHUGLFKDV
VLQRSDUDPLUDUQRVHQHOODV
FRPRVLIXHUDQ
XQHVSHMRURWR

<IXHGLItFLOOHHUHOOHQJXDMH
RFXOWR
GHWUiVGHORQRPEUDGR

+R\
%DLODPRVpurrnDOPHGLRGtD

 &ROLSiQ

 Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

&ROLSiQSRHWL]DODKLVWRULDFDQyQLFDGH&KLOHFRPRVXPHUJLUVHHQODQRFKH
RPLU DUVH HQ XQHVSHMR URWR(O SRHWD SOLHJDHVD KLVWRULDVREUH ODVFDOOHV
GHODFLXGDGTXH OOHYDQDXQHOQRPEUHGHORVSULQFLSDOHVUHSUHVRUHV GHORV
LQGtJHQDV FRPR &RUQHOLR 6DDYHGUD (VRV QRPEUHV FRQWLQ~DQ DSDUHFLHQGR
HQORVSX]OHVHVGHFLUVRQGHXQFRQRFLPLHQWREiVLFRSDUDWRGRFLXGDGDQR
FKLOHQR /D FLXGDG XUEDQtVWLFD \ OD FLXGDG OHWUDGD FRLQFLGHQ SDUD &ROLSiQ
HQVXDWURSHOORDOSXHEORPDSXFKH3RUHOORKD\TXHHQWUDUDRWURHVSDFLR
DTXHOGRQGHVHEDLODSXUU~QTXH HVXQFRQMXQWRGHGDQ]DVTXH LPLWDQHO
YXHORGHFLHUWDVDYHV

$GULDQD3DUHGHV3LQGDKDEtDVLGRSXEOLFDGDVRORHQDQWRORJtDVKDVWDDQWHV
GHVXSRHPDULRi  (QORVSRHPDVDQWRORJDGRV3DUHGHV3LQGDUHDOL]D
XQDVHULHGHUHIOH[LRQHVPHWDSRpWLFDVTXHGDQFXHQWDGHOOXJDUFRQIOLFWLYR
TXHRFXSDSDUDHOODKDEODUHQHVSDxRO(OODTXLVLHUDXQDYR]PiVKtEULGD
HQWUHHVSDxRO\PDSXGXQJ~QWDOFRPRSRHWL]DHQ'HVWLQR

TXHPLOHQJXDKDGHVDOLUVHGHVtPLVPD
\SDFWDUFRQHOZHNXIHTXHODDPSDUD
VXUHYHUEHUDFLyQGHSiMDURV\DURPDV
TXHPLOHQJXDKDGHSDUWLUVH
KDGHSDUWLUVHGLFHQ
SRUSRUILDGD\OXMXULRVD
WHUHFXSHUDUp
\PLOD]R
URGHDUiDFDVRHODXUDGHWXVVtODEDVPDJQROLDV
DKPLSLQGDOHQJXD
OHQJXDPtD\GHWRGDVVLQPLVHULFRUGLD

3DUHGHV3LQGD

/DKDEODQWHVHSRVLFLRQDUHFLELHQGRXQPDQGDWRGHEHSDUWLUVXOHQJXD
HVGHFLUVHOHD FRQVHMDLQWHJUDUHOPDSXGXQJ~QTXHVHUiXQQDFLPLHQWR 
GHSiMDURV$OVLWXDUVHFRPRPDQGDGDSRUXQDIXHU]DH[WHUQDHOODVHGDHO
OXJDUGHPDFKL'HVGHHVHUROODKDEODQWHGHVDUROODUiXQDSLQGDOHQJXD
HVGHFLUXQDOHQJXDTXHOOHYDUiVXPDUFDGHVXEMHWLYLGDG(VRFRUUHVSRQ
GHDODGHILQLFLyQGHVXMHWRPRGHUQR 0iVDXQVLDQDOL]DPRVODSDODEU D
SDFWDU3LQGDDILUPDVXYROXQWDGGHQHJRFLDUFRQODOHQJXDTXHVRVWLHQH
DOZHNXIHHOFRORQL]DGRU(OODVHGHFODUDHQDPRUDGDGHHVDOHQJXDSRUILD
GD\OXMXULRVD3RUWDQWRHQVXSUR\HFWRDSXHVWDSRUODKLEULGH]FXOWXUDO
6REUH OD KLEULGH] FXOWXUDO HQ OD SRHVtD GH PXMHUHV PDSXFKHV OD FUtWLFD
)HUQDQGD0RUDJDKDLQGLFDGRSUHVHQWDQFXHUSRVVXEMHWLYDGRVHQWHQVLyQ
DVXPLHQGRH[SHULHQFLDVPXFKDVYHFHVFROPDGDVGHFRQWUDGLFFLRQHVODV
TXHHPHUJHQM XVWDPHQWH FRPRSRVL ELOLGDGHV GHGHVSO D]DPLHQWRVHQ OD
LWHUDFLyQFXOWXUDOFRORQLDOLVWDHVGHFLUMXVWDPHQWHHVWHVHxDODPLHQWRGH
XQDVLGHQWLGDGHVSUREOHPDWL]DGDVPHVWL]DGDVHVXQDGHODVFRQGLFLRQHV
GH VX SRVLELOLGDG FXOWXUDO 0RUDJD   0RUDJD VXPD HQ HVWH JUXSR D
5R[DQD0LUDQGD5XSDLODI\0DULEHO0RUD'HHOODVTXLHQWUDEDMDODUHODFLyQ
WHUULWRULR\OHQJXDHV3DUHGHV3LQGDODFXDOSRHWL]DODLQFRUSRUDFLyQKtEULGD
GHFDVWHOODQRPDSDGXQJ~QFRPRVROXFLyQDODFRQYLYHQFLDFLWDGLQDFRQHO
FKLOHQR

Q 
MAGDA SEPLVEDA ERIZ LA PALABRA CHILENO NADA PUEDE EXPRESAR: POESA DE ORIGEN MAPUCHE

(OVRPHWLPLHQWRTXHSLGHODFLXGDGHVHOOHQJXDMHHVSDxROGH&KLOHSRU
HOORODUHWHUULWRULDOL]DFLyQQRHVWDQVRORXQDFRQTXLVWDGHHVSDFLRVItVLFRV
VLQRWDPELpQGHODOHQJXDRULJLQDULD' HPDQHUDTXHODHVFULWXUDELOLQJH
GHPXFKRVGHHVWRVSRHPD ULRVRODKLEULGH]HQWUHXQHVSDxROGH&KLOH\ 
HOPDSXGXQJ~QVRQKHFKRVGHFLVLY RVHQODFRQVWUXFFLyQHVWpWLFD\HQOD 
SURWHVWD FXOWXUDO GH HVWD SRHVtD /D DSHUWXUD DO KDEOD GHO PDSXGXQJ~Q
LPSOLFDURPSHUODSURKLELFLyQGHKD EODUHVDOHQJXDPDWHUQDTXHIXHWRWDO
HQODVHVFXHODVKD VWDILQHVGHOVLJOR ;;$VtORLQGLFDXQRGHORVWHVWLJRV 
FRQYRFDGRVSRU&KLKXDLODI5HFXHUGRVLHPSUHORTXHPHFRQWDEDPLSDGUH
TXHDORVFDWRUFHDxRVIXHDOFROHJLRDXQDHVFXHODGHFXUDVGH3DQJXLSXOOL
0LSDGUHHQHVHWLHPSRQRKDEODEDFDVWHOODQRORDSUHQGLyHQHOFROHJLR0L
SDGUHGLFHTXHVLQRVHVDEtDELHQODOHFFLyQORGHMDEDQKRUDVKLQFDGRHQ
HOSDWLRRHQODFDSLOODFRQDUYHMDVRDUHQDHQODVURGLOODV$VtDSUHQGLyD
KDEODU\DOHHUHOFDVWHOODQR(QWRQFHVXQDGHODVFRVDVTXHpODVXPLySRU
VXVVXIULPLHQWRVIXHTXHVXVKLMRVQRKDEODUDQPDSX]XJXQ+DFHTXLQFHR
YHLQWHDxRVKDEtDTXHWUDWDUTXHOD,GHQWLGDGDSDUHFLHUDORPHQRVSRVLEOH
&KLKXDLODI 

(VWHJUXSRGHSRHWDVY HOD FLXGDGGHSUR YLQFLDFRPRXQHVSDFLRGH 


GHVSRMRGH VX FX OWXUDTXH VH LQ LFLDFRQOD H QVHxDQ]DP RQROLQJHGH O
HVSDxROHQODHVFXHOD\WHUPLQDFRQHODFRVR\HOH[WHUPLQLRGHODVUH
GXFFLRQHVPDSXFKHVGHVXVDOUHGHGRUHV/DSRHWD\FUtWLFD0DULEHO0RUD
&XUULDRDSUHFLDTXHHVWHJUXSRDVXPHODSRHVtDPRGHUQD\ODFRQGLFLyQ
GHSRHWDSDUDLQFRUSRUDUDOOtORVHOHPHQWRVGHVXFXOWXUDSURSLDDODTXH
QRKDQDFFHGLGROLEUHPHQWHGHELGRDORVGLYHUVRVSURFHVRVVRFLRKLVWyULFRV
GH GRPLQDFLyQ FXOWXUDO VLQR TXH HQ PXFKRV FDVRV VROR D WUDYpV GH XQ
SURFHVRGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ 0RUD&XUULDR (IHFWLYDPHQWHHVHLU
\YHQLUGHVGHORVHVSDFLRVFKLOHQRVDORVHVSDFLRVPDSXFKHV\YLFLYHUVD
HQFXHQWUDHQODUHWyULFDPHWDSRpWLFDODFRGLILFDFLyQSDUDH[SUHVDUWRGDV
VXVGXGDV\GLVWDQFLDV

3. Devulvannos la metrpoli. Con coa y punk volvemos a hablar

/DWHUFHUDOtQHDGHODUHODFLyQHQWUHWHUULWRULR\KDEODHVWiIRUPDGDSRU
SRHWDVTXHVRQPDSXFKHVPHWURSROLWDQRV6HJ~QORVGDWRVGHOFHQVRQDFLR
QDOGHODxRHOGHORVPDSXFKHV \DUHVLGtDQHQ]RQDVXUEDQDV
$OJXQRV GHORVSRHPDV GH(OLDQD3XOTXLOODQFD\'D YLG$QLxLUVHLQVFULEHQ
GHQWURGHHVWDOtQHD(OLDQD3XOTXLOODQFDVLW~DOLWHUDULDPHQWHHQODSHULIHULD
GH6DQWLDJRODLQVWDODFLyQGHVXrukaSRHPDUHFRSLODGRHQODDQWRORJtDGH
0RUD\0RUDJD\ODFRQVHFXHQWHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHOOXJDU

$TXtHQPHGLRGHORVILHUURV
FUHFHODWRWRUD
&UHFHVHHPSLQD
FXDOiJXLODEXVFDQGRVXFDUQH
HQHVWHERVTXHGHSROYR
VLQPLHGR\FRQepewHQORVODELRV

$TXtHOFtUFXORD]XOJXDUGDVXVHVStULWXV
\VHDSUHFLDODSODQLFLHJULVGHODFLXGDG

 Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

/RVchoiqueYXHOYHQDQLGDU
HOpangueDVXPDQDGD
QDFHQQXHVWURVKLMRV

6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH
KDELWDGRSRUPDSXFKHGHVGHVLHPSUH

$QWLJXDPHQWHHO0DSRFKRVRQUHtD
\ODUXNDGHVFDQVDEDHQVXVRULOODV

3XOTXLOODQDFD

(OSRHPDLQFRUSRUDHOKDEODPHWURSROLWDQDFRPRHQPHGLRGHORVILH
UURVSDUDUHIHULUVHDODFRSLRGHHVWUXFWXUDVPHWiOLFDVGHVHFKDGDVTXHOXHJR
HVYHQGLGRSRUNLOR(OSRHPDFRPLHQ]DFRQODUHIHUHQFLDDXQOXJDUDTXt
TXHUHVXOWDVHUHQODSHQ~OWLPDHVWURID6DQWLDJRSHURHQXQFLDGRGHVGHORV
EDUULRVSRSXODUHVGRQGHHQORVSDWLRVVH DOPDFHQDHOILHUUR TXHVHYDD
YHQGHUSRUNLORV$SHVDUGHODDFXPXODFLyQGHGHVHFKRV\GHODSREUH]DORV
HOHPHQWRVGHOKiELWDWPDSXFKHFUHFHQLJXDOFRPRODWRWRUDHOSDQJXHROD
QDOFD\DVtOOHJDQODVDYHVFRPRHOFKRLTXHDUHWHUULWRULDOL]DUPDSXFKHHVH
HVSDFLRPHWURSROLWDQR$GHPiVODIDPLOLDWLHQHGHVFHQGHQFLD/DFUHDFLyQGH
XQHQWRUQRQDWXUDOHQODPHWURSROtMXQWRDORVKLMRVIRUPDQORVHOHPHQWRV
FHQWUDOHVGHHVWDWHUFHUDHVWUDWHJLDOLWHUDULDSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUODUHDSURSLDFLyQ
GHORVWHUULWRULRVHQDMHQDGRV

$QLxLUHQMapurbe  FUHDXQDYR]TXHKDEODGHVGH\VREUHORVPD


SXFKHVHQODJUDQFLXGDG6RQORVPDSXFKHVGHKRUPLJyQKDELWDQWHVGHOD
SHULIHULDVDQWLDJXLQDQRPEUDGDDWUDYpVGH/D3LQWDQDXQDFRPXQDHVFXiOLGD
HQ UHFXUVRV HFRQyPLFRV $QLxLU FDPELD OD SHUWHQHQFLD \D QR JHQWH GH OD
WLHUUDVLQRPDSXFKHVGHOKRUPLJyQ/DDOWHUDFLyQHVFRPSOHMDSXHVKD\XQD
PRGLILFDFLyQHQODGHILQLFLyQLGHQWLWDULD$ODQRFLyQGHJHQWHGHODWLHUUD
PDSXFKHVHVXPDXQDFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQSURSLDGHOVXMHWRKtEULGRTXH YLYH
HQWUHFXOWXUDV%KDEKDKDGLFKRTXHORVHVSDFLRVin-betweenVRQHVSDFLRV
GRQGHVHHODERUDQHVWUDWHJLDVGHLGHQWLGDGTXHLQLFLDQVLWLRVLQQRYDGRUHVGH
FRODERUDFLyQ\FXHVWLRQDPLHQWRGHODVRFLHGDG %KDEKD /DLQQRYDFLyQ
HQHVWHSRHPDULRHVODPH]FODHQWUHHOSXQNODFXOWXUDPDSXFKH\ODFXOWXUD
GHORVGHOLQFXHQWHV 'H ODPLVPD IRUPD HOSRHPDULR PH]FODSDODEUDV HQ
PDSXGXQJ~QFRD\QHRORJLVPRVDPHULFDQRVGDQGRFXHQWDGHORVHVSDFLRV
HQWUHPHGLRHQTXHYLYHHOVXMHWRGHHVWRVSRHPDV

$QLxLUDFWXDOL]DODLGHQWLGDGODVDFDGHOPLWR\ODDGYLHQHDOWLHPSRKLV
WyULFR 6XV SHUVRQDMHV VH DSURSLDQ GH ODV HVWUDWHJLDV GHO FHQWUR FRPR HO
SXQN\ORUHVHPDQWL]DQFRPRIRUPDGHUHVLVWHQFLD'HHVWDIRUPDHOSXQN
YXHOYHHQ6DQWLDJRGH&KLOHDUHFXSHUDUFLHUWDFXHVWLyQpWQLFDTXHWXYRHQ
VXVLQLFLRVEULWiQLFRV(VHRULJHQIXHODSURWHVWDGHOLQPLJUDQWHFDULEHxRHQ
/RQGUHVWDOFRPRORUHODWD'LFN+HEGLJHHQSubcultura(OIHVWLYDOFDULEHxR
FRQWRGDVVXVFRQQRWDFLRQHVWXUtVWLFDVGHJHQWHIHOL]\YDULRSLQWDEDLODQGR
DOHJUHVFDOLSVRVFRQH[yWLFDVYHVWLPHQWDVVHFRQYLUWLyGHJROSHHLQH[SOL
FDEOHPHQWHHQXQDDPHQD]DGRUDFRQJUHJDFLyQGHQHJURVIXULRVRV\SROLFtDV
DFRVDGRV +HEGLJH  'DYLG$QLxLUFDU DFWHUL]D D VXVSHUVRQDMHV FRPR
SXQN\PDSXFKHUHFXSHUDQGRHVWHRULJHQpWQLFR\VXEYHUVLYRGHOSXQNTXH

Q 
MAGDA SEPLVEDA ERIZ LA PALABRA CHILENO NADA PUEDE EXPRESAR: POESA DE ORIGEN MAPUCHE

XVyHOHVWLORYHVWLPHQWDULRFRPRIRUPDGHUHVLVWHQFLDGiQGROHDOFXHUSROD
FDWHJRUtDGHVRSRUWHGHOTXHFDUHFHGHYR] 6SLYDN $QLxLUWUDEDMDHQOD
WLSOHH[FOXVLyQFUHDQGRXQSHUVRQDMHPDSXFKHSREUH\PXMHU

0DULD-XDQD/DPDSXQN\GHOD3LQWDQD
JDVWDUiVHOGLQHUR
GHODQWLTXtVLPRYLQDJUHEXUJXpV
SDUDUHFXSHUDUORTXHGHOQRHV

9RODUiVVREUHODQXEH GHSODWDDUURMDUiVERODV\ ODQ]DV


GHQLHYH
KDFLDVXVJUDQGHVIRJDWDV

(UHVWLHUUD\EDUUR\QRHVWDVQLDKtFRQe/
PDSXFKHVDQJUHURMDFRPRODGHODSXxDODGR
(UHV0DSXFKHHQ)0 RVHD)XHUDGHO0XQGR HUHVOD
PDSXFKHJLUOGHPDUFDQRUHJLVWUDGDGHODHVTXLQDIUtD
\VROLWDULDDSHJDGDDHVHYLFLR
WXSLHORVFXUDHVODUHGGH6XSHU+LSHU$UFKLYHQDV
TXHEXOOHQDJRUJRWRQHVVREUHXQDYHQJDQ]DTXHFRQGHQD

/DVPHQWLUDVDFXFKLOODURQORVSDSHOHV
\VHLQIHFWDURQODVKHULGDVGHODKLVWRULD8QWLELRYLHQWR
GHFHPHQWHULRWHUHIUHVFDPLHQWUDVGHODQXEHGHSODWD
HVWDOODQH[SORVLRQHVHOHNWULFDV
OOXHYHQLQGLRVHQODQ]D

/OXYL;NXPH\NXUL0DOpQDPXOH\ZL[DJHDQD\

$QLxLU

(QHVWHSRHPD$QLxLUUHSUHVHQWDDVXSHUVRQDMHFRPRIXHUDGHOPXQGR
PRGHUQRFXHVWLyQTXHVHHVFHQLILFDDWUDYpVGHOVLJQLILFDQWH)0FRQORFXDO
DJUHJDTXHODPRGHUQLGDGHVODIXHQWHGHHVDH[FOXVLyQ

$QLxLU UHQXHYD FLHUWDV PLUDGDV DUFDL]DQWHV H LGtOLFDVVREUH ODV FXOWXUDV


pWQLFDVUHVLJQLILFDQGRHOSDUWLFXODULVPR ORFDOLQGtJHQDDSDUWLU GHXQDFR
UULHQWHGHOLPDJLQDULRPDVPHGLiWLFRFRPRHOSXQN(VWDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQQR
HVXQVLJQRGHDFXOWXUDFLyQHVXQQXHYRPRGRGHLQVWDODUORVUHFODPRVGH
VXHWQLD$VtVXFHGHHQHOSRHPD/DXWDURGRQGH$QLxLUUHWRPDODILJXUD
GHOKpURHpSLFRSRHWL]DGDSRU(UFLOOD1HUXGD\/LHQODIHQWUHRWURVSHUROR
VLW~DHQODFRQWHPSRUDQHLGDGGHOVLJOR;;,&LEHUODXWDURFDEDOJDVHQHVWH
WLHPSR7HFQR0HWDOWXFDEDOORWURWDHQODUHG  1HRODXWDUR  XVD
LQWHUQHW\HIHFW~DHOFRPHUFLRGHOSLUDWHR(OSRHWDUHDUWLFXODODIXQFLyQGHO
ZHUNpQRPHQVDMHURLQVWDOiQGRODHQHOPXQGRGHODVFRPXQLFDFLRQHVGLJLWDOHV 
(VWH/DXWDURGH$QLxLUHVEDVWDQWHGLIHUHQWHGHORVRWURV/DXWDURVOLWHUDULRV
FRPRELHQORH[SOLFD0DUtD-RVp%DUURV3DEOR1HUXGDLQVWDODHOKHURtVPR
GHOMRYHQJXHUUHURFRPRXQKHFKRGHOSDVDGR \ GHVFULEHVXDFFLRQDUSRU
PHGLRGHYHUERVHQSUHWpULWR /LHQODIORVLW~DHQHOSUHVHQWHGHODYR]
SRpWLFDSHURFRPRXQHVStULWXTXHGHVGHHVDFRQGLFLyQLQFRUSyUHDLQFLWD
DVXJHQWH (Q HOSRHPDGH'DYLG$QLxLU/DXWDUR HV XQPDSXFKHKDEL
WDQWHGHODFLXGDGJOREDOHOQXHYRHVSDFLRGHODEDWDOODpSLFD %DUURV 

 Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

$xLxLUOHGDD/DXWDURODPDWHULDOLGDGQHFHVDULDSDUDORJUDUORH[SUHVDGRHQ
HOVXEWtWXORGHVXOLEURYHQJDQ]DGHUDt]

'HVGHXQDSHULIHULDTXHVHLQVWDODHQ ODJOREDOL]DFLyQ $QLxLULQVLVWHHQ


HOFRQIOLFWRGHODUJDGDWDGHQRWHQHUWLHUUD2VFXUDQHJUXUDRI0DSXODQGLD
VWUHHWVLHVWULVWHQRWHQHU WLHUUDORFDGHOEDUULR /D3LQWDQDHOLPSHULR
VH DSRGHUD GH WX FDPD   (ODQWHFHGHQWH GH VXMHWR H[SXOVDGR GH VX
WHUULWRULRHQHOSDVDGRKLVWyULFRLQFLGHHQVXFRQGLFLyQDFWXDOGHRFXSDUORV
PiUJHQHVGHODFLXGDG(VXQPDUJHQWHUULWRULDO\WDPELpQSROtWLFRSRUHOOR
HQ2GDDOKDPEUHVHHYLGHQFLDXQVXMHWRTXHQRGHVHDLQWHJUDUVHDOVLV
WHPDEXUJXpVGHYLGD3DUDUHFKD]DUHOGLQHURGHOFDSLWDOLVPRODYR]KDFH
XQDORDDOKDPEUHHQVXYDORUGHPRWRUGHODUDELDVRFLDODFRQWUDSRVLFLyQ
GHOEDQTXHWHEXUJXpVTXHOOHYDDODVLHVWD\DODLQPRYLOLGDG/RVKpURHVGH
HVWDYR]VHPXHYHQWHFQROyJLFDPHQWHSRUODFLXGDG/RVSRHPDVGH$QLxLU
HVWiQGLULJLGRVSRU XQGHVHRGHUHWHUULWRULDOL]DFLyQTXH VHLQLFLDGHVGH ORV
ERUGHVHVSDFLDOHVGHODPHWUySROLSHURTXHXVDODWHFQRORJtDGHOVLJOR;;,
SDUDFRQYRFDUKDFLDHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHVXDQKHOR

/DYR] GH HVWH JUXSR GH SRHWDVLQWHUUXPSHODFLXGDGLPSRQLHQGRRWUD


HVWpWLFD\RWUDSROtWLFD/DV SUHJXQWDVTXHHOFUtWLFR\ SRHWD/XLV&iUFDPR
+XHFKDQWHVHIRUPXODSDUDHOSURJUDPDGHUDGLRWixage anaiTXHWUDVPLWtD
HQHVSDxRO\PDSXGXQJ~QVRQYiOLGDVWDPELpQSDUDHVWDSRHVtD4XpVH
KDFHYLEUDUHQHODLUHGHODFLXGDGVLWHQHPRVHQFXHQWDTXHODPD\RUtDGH
ORV KDELWDQWHV GH OD FDSLWDO FKLOHQD VRQ PRQROLQJHV \ VH LPDJLQDQ FRPR
VXMHWRVGHDQFHVWURVKLVSDQRV\RHXURSHRV"4XpUHVRQDQFLDVGHVHQWLGR
\VHQWLGRVVHSRQHQ HQMXHJRHQHVWDLUUXSFLyQVRQRUDGHORVVLJQRVGHXQ
SXHEORRULJLQDULRGHQWURGHODHFRORJtDDF~VWLFDGHODVRFLHGDGFKLOHQDGRPL
QDQWH" &iUFDPR+XHFKDQWH 7DQWRHQHOSURJUDPDGHUDGLRFRPRHQ
HVWHJUXSRGHSRHWDVHOOXJDUGHHQXQFLDFLyQHVODPHWURSROt\HQDPERV
ODPHWURSROtHVWiWRPDGD

4. Comentarios y conclusiones

/DSRHVtDPDSXFKHHVFULWDGHVGHILQHVGHOVLJOR;;HODERUDXQDUHODFLyQ
HQWUHHOOHQJXDMHXVRGHOPDSXGXQJ~Q\HOWLSRGHLPDJHQTXHVHSRVHH
GHO WHUULWRULR /D SRHVtD TXH SULYLOHJLD OD SXEOLFDFLyQ GH OLEURV ELOLQJHV
PDSXGXQJ~QHVSDxROFRPSRQHODSDUWLWXUDGHFDQWRVGHYLGD\HVSHUDQ]D
SDUDHOOHFWRUXUEDQR PRQROLQJHHVSDxRO\SDUDHOOHFWRUELOLQJH PDSX
GXQJ~QHVSDxRO(OOHFWRUXUEDQRDSUHFLDDOOtODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHXQYtQFXOR
SULYLOHJLDGRHQWUH ODH[SHULHQFLDGHODILVLFLGDGKXPDQD \ODQDWXUDOH]D(O
OHFWRU ELOLQJHPDSXGXJ~QHVSDxRO YH DOOtXQD YDOLGDFLyQ GH VX IRUPD GH
KDELWDU/DVSRHVtDVGHHVWHJUXSRFUHDQVHQWLGRVQXHYRVSDUDORVVRQLGRV
GHODQDWXUDOH]D&RQHOORHVWHSUR\HFWRHVFULWXUDODVSLUDDUHYHUWLUODLGHD
GHFLYLOL]DUDOVDOYDMH(VWDHVWpWLFDWUDWDGHGHFRQVWUXLUORFLYLOL]DGR\
WUDQVPLWLUOHXQDLGHDGHEHOOH]DHQUHODFLyQFRQHOHMHUFLFLRGHOXVR GHORV
VHQWLGRV\ODFRQWHPSODFLyQ

(OVHJXQGRJUXSRGHSRHWDVVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUSXEOLFDUOLEURVHQHVSDxRO
LQWURGXFLHQGRHQHOORVSDODEUDVHQPDSXGXQJ~QFRPRWHVRUROLQJtVWLFRTXH
KDHVFDSDGRGHODDQLTXLODFLyQ(VWRVWH[WRVVHGLULJHQDXQOHFWRUXUEDQR
OHWUDGR TXH SXHGD FRPSUHQGHU UHIHUHQFLDV TXH YDQ GHVGH HO KLVWRULDGRU

Q 
MAGDA SEPLVEDA ERIZ LA PALABRA CHILENO NADA PUEDE EXPRESAR: POESA DE ORIGEN MAPUCHE

)UDQFLVFR $QWRQLR (QFLQD KDVWD ORV URPiQWLFRV DOHPDQHV (VWRV GLiORJRV


VLW~DQ OD FXOWXUD PDSXFKH DO PLVPR QLYHO\ FRQ ORVPLVPRV GHUHFKRV GH
RWUDVFXOWXUDV/RVWH[WRVUHFUHDQGLYHUVDVLQVWDQFLDVGHDJUHVLYLGDGVREUH
VXFXOWXUDFRPRODVPDVDFUHVHQODVUHGXFFLRQHVODLPSRVLFLyQGHOLGLRPD
HVSDxRO\ODHGXFDFLyQHQXQDKLVWRUDRILFLDOTXHORVVHxDODFRPREiUEDURV
(OUHFODPRSUHVHQWHHQHVWRVWH[WRVHVHOGHUHFKRDWHQHUXQDpWLFDSURSLD
\XQFRQWUROFRPRSXHEORGHODSURGXFFLyQ\FLUFXODFLyQGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR
HQODVFLXGDGHVGHSURYLQFLD

(OWHUFHUJUXSRGHSUR\HFWRVHVFULWXUDOHVSXEOLFDHQXQHVSDxROGHFyGLJR
QROHWUDGRGRQGHHOFRDODVH[SUHVLRQHVSRSXODUHV\HOOHQJXDMHMXYHQLO
WLHQHQFDELGD6XKDEODDSHODDXQOHFWRUXUEDQRFDSLWDOLQRTXHH[KLEHFRQ 
UHEHOGtDVXPDUJLQDOLGDGHQODPHWURSROt/RVJUDIHPDVHVFULWXUDOHVXVDGRV
SRUHVWHJUXSRUHFXSHUDQHOWUD]RpunkyHOspanglish\ODPDODRUWRJUDItD
GHVDILDQGR FRQ HOOR ODV QRUPDV OLQJtVWLFDV GHO FyGLJR KHJHPyQLFR $ OD
YH]HVWHJHVWRDVRFLDDOJUXSRPDSXFKHDRWUDVFRPXQLGDGHVPDUJLQDOHV
TXH KDQ TXHGDGR IXHUD GH ODV SRVLFLRQHV GH SULYLOHJLR GLVHxDGDV SRU OD
FLXGDGOHWUDGD/DVOtQHD VGHWU DEDMRFRQODVOHQJXDVGHOPDSXGXQJ~Q\ 
FRQHOHVSDxROGH&KLOHTXHKDDELHUWRODSRHVtDPDSXFKHQRVKD FHQD
FRPLHQ]RVGHOVLJOR;;,GHVFXEULUQXHYDVSDODEUDVDPSOLDUHOKRUL]RQWH
KDOODUHOQXHYRPXQGR

Obras citadas

$QLxLU'DYLGMapurbe: Venganza de raz6DQWLDJR2GLRFUDFLDDXWRHGLFLR


QHV
%HUPDQ0DUVKDOOTodo lo slido se desvanece en el aire0p[LFR6LJOR;;,

%KDEKD+RPLEl lugar de la cultura%XHQRV$LUHV0DQDQWLDO
%DUURV0DUtD-RVp/D V LGHQWLGDG HV PDSXFKH V GHVGHODFLXGDGJOREDO
HQMapurbe: Venganza de razGH'DYLG$QLxLURevista Chilena de
Literatura1RYLHPEUH
&iUFDPR+X HFKDQWH/ XLV7DLQSX D PXO]XJXHH JYVR QLGRV\ Y RFHVGH O
:DMPDSX HQ HO DLUH Historia, colonialismo y resistencia desde el
pas mapuche. Ta I Fijke Xipa Rakizuameluwn6DQWLDJR(GLFLRQHV
&RPXQLGDGGH+LVWRULD0DSXFKH
&DUUDVFR,YiQ3RHVtDPDSXFKHHWQRFXOWXUDOAnales de Literatura Chilena

&ROLSiQ%HUQDUGRArco de interrogaciones6DQWLDJR/20
&KLKXDLODI(OLFXUDEl invierno, su imagen y otros poemas azules6DQWLDJR
(GLFLRQHVOLWHUDWXUDDOWHUQDWLYD
&RQVHMRGHWRGDVODVWLHUUDVEl pueblo mapuche y sus derechos fundamen-
tales7HPXFR&RQVHMRGHWRGDVODVWLHUUDV
(QFLQD$QWRQLRHistoria de Chile7RPR,6DQWLDJR1DVFLPHQWR
*DUFtD&DQFOLQL1pVWRUCulturas hbridas%XHQRV$LUHV3DLGyV
+HEGLJH'LFNSubcultura%DUFHORQD3DLGyV
+HUQiQGH](OYLUDSantiago waria6DQWLDJR&XDUWR3URSLR
+XHQ~Q-DLPHCeremonias6DQWLDJR(GLWRULDO8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DQWLDJR
 20 poetas mapuches contemporneos (GLFLyQ ELOLQJH 6DQWLDJR
/20
+XLULPLOOD-XDQ3DEORPalimpesto6DQWLDJR/20

 Q
TALLER DE LETRAS N 52: 175-190, 2013

.RWNLQ-RHOLa ciudad. Una historia global7UDG)UDQFLVFR5DPRV(VSDxD


'HEDWH
/LHQODI /HRQHO Se ha despertado el ave de mi corazn  6DQWLDJR
8QLYHUVLWDULD
0RQVLYiLV&DUORVAmor perdido0p[LFR')(UD
0RUD0DULEHO\)HUQDQDGD0RUDJDAntologa potica de mujeres mapuche
(siglos XX-XXI)6DQWLDJR/20
0RUD&XUULD0DULEHO3RHVtD0DSXFKHGHOVLJOR;;(VFULELUGHVGHORVPiU
JHQHVGHOFDPSROLWHUDULRHistoria, colonialismo y resistencia desde el
pas mapuche. Ta I Fijke Xipa Rakizuameluwn6DQWLDJR(GLFLRQHV
FRPXQLGDGGHKLVWRULDPDSXFKH
0RUDJD)HUQDQGD$SURSyVLWRGHODGLIHUHQFLD3RHVtDGHPXMHUHVPDSXFKH
Revista Chilena de Literatura
1HUXGD3DEOR/DOiPSDUDHQODWLHUUDCanto general%RJRWi2YHMD
1HJUD
5DPDQJHO/DFLXGDGOHWUDGDCultura urbana latinoamericana&RPS
-RUJH+DUGR\5LFKDUG0RUVHet al%XHQRV$LUHV&ODFVR
9LFXxD&HFLOLDh/)RXU0DSXFKH3RHWV(OLFXUD&KLKXDLODI/HRQHO/LHQODI
-DLPHHuenn, Graciela Huinao3LWWVEXUJK/DWLQ $PHULFDQ/LWHUDU\
5HYLHZ
6SLYDN*D\DWUL3XHGHKDEODUHOVXMHWRVXEDOWHUQR"7UDG-RVp$PtFROD
Revista OrbisTertius

Q 

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen