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### Interogari `tidyverse` vs SQL - BD Chinook (IE/SPE/CIG) ###

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### 01: Filtrare simpla, regular expressions, structuri CASE
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# -- ultima actualizare: 2021-03-08
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### Functii/operatori/optiuni utilizate (si prezente in subiectele
### de la testele Moodle urmatoare)
### `year`, `month`, ... (din pachetul `lubridate`)
### `nchar`
### `case_when`
### `if_else`
### `substr`, `substring`
### `str_detect`
### `str_count`
### `word`
### `str_replace_all`
### `str_remove_all`

#install.packages('tidyverse')
library(tidyverse)
#install.packages('lubridate')
library(lubridate)

############################################################################
### Incarcarea datelor salvate anterior in fisierul `.RData` ###
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setwd('/Users/marinfotache/Downloads/chinook')
load(file = 'chinook.RData')

############################################################################
### Interogari tidyverse ###
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############################################################################
# # -- In ce ani s-au inregistrat vanzari?
############################################################################

###
# Solutie 1 - `mutate`, `select`, `distinct`, `arrange`
temp <- invoice %>% # punctul de pornire: tabela/cadrul `invoice`
mutate (year = lubridate::year(invoicedate)) %>% # adaugare coloana `year`
select (year) %>% # se pastreaza numai atributul `year`
distinct(year) %>% # se elimina dublurile
arrange(year) # se ordoneaza rezultatul dupa valorile atributului `year`

View(temp)
# Solutie 2 - `transmute`, `distinct`, `arrange`
temp <- invoice %>% # punctul de pornire: tabela/cadrul `invoice`
transmute (year = lubridate::year(invoicedate)) %>% # se elimina toate coloanele,
# cu exceptia noi coloane `year`
distinct(year) %>% # se elimina dublurile
arrange(year) # se ordoneaza rezultatul dupa valorile atributului `year`

# Solutie 3 - `distinct`, `arrange`

temp <- invoice %>% # punctul de pornire: tabela/cadrul `invoice`
distinct (year = lubridate::year(invoicedate)) %>% # se pastreaza numai valorile
# distincte ale noului atributului
# `year`
arrange(year) # se ordoneaza rezultatul dupa valorile atributului `year`

############################################################################
# # -- Extrageti lunile calendaristice (si anii) in care
# # -- s-au inregistrat vanzari
############################################################################

###
# Solutie 1 - `mutate`, `select`, `distinct`, `arrange`
temp <- invoice %>% # punctul de pornire: tabela/cadrul `invoice`
mutate ( # se adauga doua coloane, `year` si `month`
year = lubridate::year(invoicedate),
month = lubridate::month(invoicedate)
) %>%
select (year, month) %>% # se pastreaza numai cele doua atribute
distinct(year, month) %>% # se elimina dublurile combinatiei (year, month)
arrange(year, month) # se ordoneaza inregistrarile din rezultat dupa valorile
# atributului `year`; la valori egale ale `year`,
# criteriul de balotaj e `month`

# rezultat cu o singura coloana (atentie la ordonare!!!!)

temp <- invoice %>%
mutate (
year = lubridate::year(invoicedate),
month = lubridate::month(invoicedate)
) %>%
transmute (year_month = paste(year, month, sep = '-')) %>%
distinct(year_month) %>%
arrange(year_month)

# ordonarea e acum corecta

temp <- invoice %>%
mutate (
year = lubridate::year(invoicedate),
month = lubridate::month(invoicedate)) %>%
arrange(year, month) %>%
 transmute (year_month = paste(year, month, sep = '-')) %>%
distinct(year_month)

# Solutie 2 - `transmute`, `distinct`, `arrange`

temp <- invoice %>%
transmute (
year = lubridate::year(invoicedate),
month = lubridate::month(invoicedate)
) %>%
distinct(year, month) %>%
arrange(year, month)

# Solutie 3 - `distinct`, `arrange`

temp <- invoice %>%
distinct (
year = lubridate::year(invoicedate),
month = lubridate::month(invoicedate)
) %>%
arrange(year, month)

############################################################################
# # -- Care lungimea numelui pentru fiecare artist/formatie?
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artist %>%
mutate (lungime_nume = nchar(name)) -> temp

############################################################################
# # -- Sa se afiseze artistii in ordinea descrescatoare a lungimii numelui
############################################################################

temp <- artist %>%

mutate (lungime_nume = nchar(name)) %>%
arrange(desc(lungime_nume))

############################################################################
# # -- Sa se afiseze numele formatat al artistilor, conform urmatoarei cerinte:
# # -- 1. pentru artistii cu numele lung de pana la 11 caractere,
# se afiseaza numele intreg
# # -- 2. pentru artistii cu numele mai lung de 11 caracterere,
# se extrag cinci caractere, se adauga `...` la mijloc
# si se finalizeaza cu ultimele cinci caractere
############################################################################

# -- solutia bazata pe LEFT si RIGHT din SQL nu are echivalent in R

# solutie ce foloseste functiile `substr` si `substring`
temp <- artist %>%
mutate (nume_formatat = case_when(
nchar(name) <= 11 ~ name,
TRUE ~ paste0(substr(name, 1, 5), '...',
substring(name, nchar(name) -4)))
)

# solutie ce foloseste functia `substr`

temp <- artist %>%
mutate (nume_formatat = case_when(
nchar(name) <= 11 ~ name,
TRUE ~ paste0(substr(name, 1, 5), '...',
substr(name, nchar(name) - 4, nchar(name))))
)

paste('a', 'b')
paste('a', 'b', 'c', sep = '###')
paste0('a', 'b', 'c')

############################################################################
# # -- Care sunt artistii sau formatiile cu numele alcatuit
# dintr-un singur cuvant ? (adica numele NU contine niciun spatiu)
############################################################################

###
# solutie bazata pe `regular_expression` (`str_detect`)
temp <- artist %>%
filter(!str_detect(name, ' '))

# solutie bazata pe `regular_expression` (`str_detect`) si `if_else`

temp <- artist %>%
filter( if_else(str_detect(name, ' '), FALSE, TRUE))

# alti separatori intre cuvinte

temp <- artist %>%
filter( if_else(str_detect(name, ' |/|\\.|\\-'), FALSE, TRUE))

# solutie bazata pe `regular_expression` (`str_detect`) si `case_when`

temp <- artist %>%
filter( case_when (
str_detect(name, ' ') ~ FALSE,
TRUE ~ TRUE))

# solutie bazata pe numararea spatiilor

temp <- artist %>%
 mutate (nr_spatii = str_count(name, ' ')) %>%
filter (nr_spatii == 0)

#... varianta fara `mutate`

temp <- artist %>%
filter (str_count(name, ' ') == 0)

# echivalent SPLIT_PART din SQL vom folosi functia `word`

temp <- artist %>%
mutate(
primul_cuvant = word(name, 1),
al_doilea_cuvant = word(name, 2)
) %>%
filter (is.na(al_doilea_cuvant))

# solutie cu `str_replace_all` (echivalenta solutiei cu REPLACE din SQL)

temp <- artist %>%
filter (name == str_replace_all(name, ' ', ''))

# solutie cu `str_remove_all`
temp <- artist %>%
filter (name == str_remove_all(name, ' '))

# solutie cu `str_replace_all`
temp <- artist %>%
filter (nchar(name) == nchar(str_replace_all(name, ' ', '')))

# solutie cu `str_remove_all`
temp <- artist %>%
filter (nchar(name) == nchar(str_remove_all(name, ' ')))

############################################################################
# # -- Care sunt artistii sau formatiile cu numele alcatuit din cel
# putin doua cuvinte ? (adica numele contine cel putin singur spatiu)
############################################################################

temp <- artist %>%

filter (str_detect(name, ' '))

# solutie bazata pe numararea spatiilor

temp <- artist %>%
filter (str_count(name, ' ') > 0)

# echivalent SPLIT_PART din SQL vom folosi functia `word`

temp <- artist %>%
mutate(
 primul_cuvant = word(name, 1),
al_doilea_cuvant = word(name, 2)
) %>%
filter (!is.na(al_doilea_cuvant))

temp <- artist %>%

filter (nchar(name) > nchar(str_replace_all(name, ' ', '')))

##
############################################################################
# # -- Care sunt artistii sau formatiile cu numele alcatuit din exact doua cuvinte ?
# # -- (adica numele contine un singur spatiu)
############################################################################

# solutie bazare pe `str_detect`

temp <- artist %>%
filter (str_detect(name, ' ') & !str_detect(name, ' .* '))

# echivalent SPLIT_PART din SQL vom folosi functia `word`

temp <- artist %>%
mutate(
primul_cuvant = word(name, 1),
al_doilea_cuvant = word(name, 2),
al_treilea_cuvant = word(name, 3)
) %>%
filter (!is.na(al_doilea_cuvant) & is.na(al_treilea_cuvant))

# -- soluție cu REPLACE
temp <- artist %>%
filter (nchar(name) == nchar(str_replace_all(name, ' ', '')) + 1)

# solutie fara echivalent in SQL-Pg, bazata pe numararea spatiilor

temp <- artist %>%
filter (str_count(name, ' ') == 1)

#
#
# -- ############################################################################
# -- Probleme de rezolvat la curs/laborator/acasa
# -- ############################################################################
#
# -- Extrageti numele de utilizator de pe contul de e-mail al fiecarui angajat
#
# -- Extrageti toate serverele de e-mail (ex. `gmail.com`) ale clientilor
#