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Section IX Welding
Instructor:
Dipl.-Ing. Horst Michael
B31.PPT 09/03
Welding - ASME Code Section IX
Section IX Structure and Use

Terminology and Definitions
Weld Types, Joints
Base Metal
Welding Consumables
WPS – Procedure
PQR - Record
Variables and Scopes
Examples and Remarks
Break
Prepare a WPS
WPQ – Welder‘s Qualification
Variables and Scopes
Expiration
Qualify a Welder
Test Specimen
KOLB\FMPRO.PPT 05-01
Hierarchy of Standards in the USA and Canada
• Settlements in USA / Canada
• ASME - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

Construction-Code
Section I Section III 1,2,3 Section IV Section VIII 1,2,3 Section X ASME B31.1 ASME B31.3
Power Boilers Nuclear Power Heating Boilers Pressure Vessels Fiber Plastics Power Piping Process Piping
ASME B31.1 Section II Section V Section IX

Referenced Code Power Piping Materials NDE Welding
"Inservice"-Code Section VI Section VII Section XI

Heating Boilers Power Boilers Nuclear Power
Standards, Recommendations ANSI ASTM AWS ASNT
• National Board Inspection Code NBIC

SEC0.PPT 1/96
Section IX - Contents
Part QW - Welding
Article I Welding General Requirements QW-100 ff
Article II Welding Procedure Qualifications QW-200 ff
Article III Welding Performance Qualifications QW-300 ff
Article IV Welding Data QW-400 ff
Article V Standard WPS (SWPS) QW-500 ff Add 2000
Part QB - Brazing
APPENDICES
(Welding and Brazing Forms, and list of SWPSs)
SEC9.PPT 8-00
Section IX Glossar, QW-492 (1/2)
· A-No. Klassifizierung des abgeschmolzenen Schweißgutes
· Arc Welding Lichtbogenschweißen
· AWS-Classification Benennung des Zusatzwerkstoffes aus SFA-Spezifikation
· Back gouging Auskreuzen, -fugen
· Backing Badsicherung (aufgeschmolzen oder nicht aufgeschmolzen)
· Backing gas Wurzelschutzgas (gilt nicht als „Backing“!)
· Base metal Grundwerkstoff
· Bend Test Biegeversuch
· Brazing Hartlöten
· Cladding Auftragschweißen
· Consumable insert Verschmolzene Einlage, gilt als Schweißzusatzwerkstoff
· Contact tube Kontaktrohr zur Elektrode
· Current (AC/DC) Stromart (Wechselstrom/Gleichstrom)
· EBW, Electron Beam Welding Elektronenstrahlschweißen
· ESW, Electroslag Welding Elektroschlackeschweißen
· FCAW, Flux Cored Arc Welding Fülldrahtschweißen
· Fillet Weld Kehlnaht
· Flux / Powder Flußmittel / Pulver
· F-No. Klassifizierung des Zusatzwerkstoffes (filler metal)
· Fusion Welding Schmelzschweißen
· FW, Friction Welding Reibschweißen
· GMAW, Gas Metal Arc Welding MIG / MAG
· Groove Schweißfuge
· Group-No. Gruppennummer des Grundwerkstoffes innerhalb der P-No.
· GTAW, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding WIG
· Impact test Kerbschlagbiegeversuch zur Ermittlung der Zähigkeit von Werkstoffen
· Interpass temperature Zwischenlagentemperatur
· LBW, Laser Beam Welding Laserstrahlschweißen
SEC9.PPT 4/00
Section IX Glossar, QW-492 (2/2)
· OFW, Oxyfuel Welding Autogenschweißen
· Oscilation Pendeln bei der Schweißung
· pass Lage
· PAW, Plasma Arc Welding Plasmaschweißen
· Peening Hämmern der Schweißnaht
· P-No. Klassifizierung des Grundwerkstoffes (parent-metal)
· Polarity Polung
· PQR Protokoll der Verfahrensprüfung
· Preheat Vorwärmung
· PWHT Wärmenachbehandlung
· Retainer nicht aufgeschmolzene Badsicherung (metall oder nichtmetall)
· Root spacing Wurzelspalt
· RW, Resistance Welding Widerstandsschweißen
· SAW, Submerged Arc Welding Unterpulverschweißen
· SFA-Specification Norm für Schweißzusatzwekstoff aus ASME Section II Part C
· Shielding gas Schutzgas
· SMAW, Shielded Metal Arc Welding E – Hand
· Stringer bead Strichraupen
· Stud welding Bolzenschweißen
· T Dicke des Grundwerkstoffes
· t Dicke des Schweißgutes je Schweißprozeß
· Tensile Test Zugversuch
· Trailing gas Gasnachströmung
· Tungsten electrode Wolframelektrode
· Weave bead Pendelraupen
· WPS Schweißverfahrensspezifikation, Arbeitsanweisung
· WPQ Schweißerzeugnis
SEC9.PPT 4/00
ASME Code Section IX
1. Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)

All parameters or Variables (essential-, supplementary- and non-essential
variables) shall be specified in this document (see QW-200). This shall
provide guidance for the welding personnel in the work area.
A WPS should specify ranges of variables in accordance with Section IX.
A WPS shall be written and qualified - by the manufacturer using it for

Code production. Qualification is obtained by welding test pieces using the
specified variables and proving by mechanical testing that the welding
process as specified can be used to produce sound welds.
A2000: Alternatively AWS Standard WPSs listed in Appendix E may be used
SEC9.PPT 8-00
2. Procedure Qualification Records (PQR)

A WPS may only be used after successful qualification. A test piece
is welded using the specified variables and mechanically tested.
Both welding data and testing results are documented in the PQR.
A PQR shall list all essential variables at least. However, it is
recommended to list additional information during qualification.
A PQR as a record shall show actual values instead of qualified

ranges, and may not be revised.A manufacturer's representative
shall certify correctness of the records.
SEC9.PPT 4/99
3. Welder's Performance Qualification (WPQ)

A welder or welding operator is qualified by the manufacturer
employing him under the requirements specified in QW-300. This
shall prove the manual skills of the welder to deposit sound weld
metal.
Criteria such as welding positions, pipe diameter, thickness of

deposited weld metal, etc. are relevant for the qualified range.
The WPQ is used to specify the range of the welder's qualification,

but also to document his qualification tests. The test pieces may be
mechanically tested or examined by radiography.
SEC9.PPT 4/99
ASME Material Specification
A - 516 (90) Gr 60 ASTM Material
Acceptance for use in ASME Code Committee

Code Constructions on Materials
SA - 516 Gr 60 (Type, Class) ASME Material
Published in Section II Part A/B

no year
Society for ASME
SEC2.PPT A99
QW/QB-422 Ferrous P-Numbers and S-Numbers
Grouping of Base Metals for Qualification
Welding Brazing
Minimum
Specified
Spec. Type or UNS Tensile, ksi P- Group S- Group P- S- Nominal Product
No. Grade No. [Note(1)] No. No. No. No. No. No. Composition Form
SA-36 ... K02600 58 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C-Mn-Si Plate
SA-53 Type F ... 48 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C Furnace welded pipe
SA-53 Type S, Gr. A K02504 48 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C Smls. pipe
SA-53 Type E, Gr. A K02504 48 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C Resistance welded pipe
SA-53 Type E, Gr. B K03005 60 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C-Mn Resistance welded pipe
SA-53 Type S, Gr. B K03005 60 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C-Mn Smls. pipe
SA-105 ... K03504 70 1 2 ... ... 101 ... C-Si Pipeflange
SA-106 A K02501 48 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C-Si Smls. pipe

SA-106 B K03006 60 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C-Si Smls. pipe
SA-106 C K03501 70 1 2 ... ... 101 ... C-Si Smls. pipe
A 108 1015 CW G10150 60 ... ... 1 1 ... 101 C Bar

A 108 1018 CW G10180 60 ... ... 1 1 ... 101 C Bar
A 108 1020 CW G10200 60 ... ... 1 1 ... 101 C Bar
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Section IX Base Material P-Numbers
1 Carbon Steel
3 Up to 1/2% Cr and up to 1/2% Mo
4 1 to 2% Cr and up to 1/2% Mo
5A 2 to 3% Cr, 1% Mo Alloy Steel
5B 5 to 10% Cr, 1% Mo Alloy Steel
5C All 5A and 5B Materials heat treated to 85ksi+
6 Martensitic Stainless Steel
7 Ferritic Stainless Steel
8 Austenitic Stainless Steel
9 2 to 5% Ni Alloy Steel
10 Mn-V, Cr-V, 9%Ni, High Cr Alloy Steels
11 Low Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered to 95ksi+
21 1.2% Mg or Mn alloy Aluminum
22 1.2% Mn, 2,5% Mg, 0.25% Cu Aluminium
23 1.3% Mg, 0.7% Si, 0.25% Cr Aluminium
25 1.5% Mg, 0.8% Mn, 0.15% Cr Aluminium
31 Copper
32 Admiralty, Naval, Aluminium Brass, Muntz Metal
33 Cu-Si Alloys
34 Cu-Ni Alloys
41 Nickel
51 Titanium
61 Zirconium
SEC9.PPT 3/96
Section II - Part C Contents
SFA-5.1 Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.2 Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding
SFA-5.3 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.4 Stainless Steel Electrodes for.Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.6 Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes
SFA-5.7 Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes
SFA-5.8 Filler Metal for Brazing and Braze Welding
SFA-5.9 Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods
SFA-5.10 Bare Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
SFA-5.11 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.12 Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes.for Arc Welding and.Cutting
SFA-5.13 Solid Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
SFA-5.14 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods
SFA-5.15 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron
SFA-5.16 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Rods and Electrodes
SFA-5.17 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
SFA-5.18 Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
SFA-5.20 Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
SFA-5.21 Composite Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
SFA-5.22 Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless Steel
Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
SFA-5.23 Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding SEC2.PPT 03/98
Section II-C Filler Metals
SFA-5.1, 5.4 : SMAW Electrode Classification
E7018, E7018M, E7016-1HZR

E XXX X X XX
Strength · 0 = DCEP d
in KSI · 1 = AC or DCEP d
· 2 = AC or DCEN m
· 3 = AC or DC l
· 4 = AC or DC l
· 5 = DCEP m
· 6 = AC or DCEP m
· 8 = AC or DCEP m
"penetration"
Electrode Position Chemical
· 1= all positions composition
· 2= flat and of weld deposit
horizontal fillets
· 4= vertical down
SEC2.PPT 01/00
Section II-C Filler Metal
GTAW SFA-5.12 Electrode Classification
E W CE - 2
1,8 – 2,2 %
Ce O2
Tungsten
Electrode
SEC2.PPT 01/00
GMAW SFA-5.18 Electrode Classification
ER 70 S X
Electrode / Rod solid wire

(C=Composite)
tensile Specific
strength chemical
in KSI composition
SEC2.PPT 01/00
FCAW SFA-5.20 Electrode Classification
E 7 0 T 12
Electrode Position Usability

0 - flat/horizontal shielding medium
1 - all position current and polarity
multiple/single pass
Tensile Tubular wire

strength for specific
70 ksi information
reference ASME
Section II,
Part C,
SFA - 5.20
SEC2.PPT 01/00
SAW SFA-5.23 Electrode - Flux Combination
F 7 A 6 EM 12K
flux heat solid

treatment Electrode
"A" as-welded Medium Mn
"P" PWHT
minimum 20 ft lbs Electrode

tensile impact Classification
strength Temperature
=70ksi -60°F
SEC2.PPT 01/00
QW-432 - F-NUMBERS Add2000
F-No. ASME Specification AWS Classification
Steel and Steel Alloys

1 SFA-5.1 EXX2O, EXX22, EXX24, EXX27, EXX28
1 SFA-5.4 EXXX(X)-25, EXXX(X)-26
1 SFA-5.5 EXX2O-X, EXX27-X
2 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX12, EXX13, EXX14, EXX19, E(X)XX13-X
3 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX1O, EXX11, E(X)XX1O-X, E(X)XX11-X
4 SFA-5.1 EXX15, EXX16, EXX18, EXX48
4 SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex EXXX(X)15, EXXX(X)16, EXXX(X)17
4 SFA-5.5 E(X)XX15-X, E(X)XX16-X, E(X)XX18-X
5 SFA-5.4 (austenitic and duplex) EXXX(X)15, EXXX(X)16, EXXX(X)17
6 SFA-5.2 All classifications

6 SFA-5.17, SFA-5.18 All classifications
6 All classifications
6 SFA-5.30 IN Ms-X, IN 5XX, IN 3XX(X)
Contínued...
SEC9.PPT 09/00
DATA - VARIABLES
QW-440 WELD METAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
QW-441 General
Identification of weld metal chemical composition designated on the PQR and WPS shall be as given in QW-404.5.
QW-442
A-NUMBERS
Classification of Ferrous Weld Metal Analysis for Procedure Qualifiration
Analysis, % [Note (1)]

A-No Types of Weld Desposit C Cr Mo Ni Mn Si
1 Mild Steel 0.15 ... ... ... 1.60 1.00
2 Carbon-Molybdenum 0.15 0.50 0.40 - 0.65 ... 1.60 1.00
3 Chrome (0.4% to 2%)-Molybdenum 0.15 0.40-2.00 0.40.--0.65 ... 1.60 1.00
4 Chrome (2% to 6%)-Molybdenum 0.15 2.00-6.00 0.40-1.50 ... 1.60 2.00
5 Chrome (6% to 10.5%)-Molybdenum 0.15 6.00-10.50 0.40-1.50 ... 1.20 2.00
6 Chrome-Martensitic 0.15 11.00-15.00 0.70 ... 2.00 1.00
7 Chrome-Ferritic 0.15 11.00-30.00 1.00 ... 1.00 3.00
8 Chromium-Nickel 0.15 14.50-30.00 4.00 7.50-15.00 2.50 1.00
9 Chromium-Nickel 0.30 25.00-30.00 4.00 15.00-37.00 2.50 1.00
10 Nickel to 4% 0.15 0.55 0.80-4.00 1.70 1.00
11 Manganese-Molybdenurn 0.17 0.25-0.75 0.85 1.25-2.25 1.00
12 Nickel-Chrome-Molybdenum 0.15 1.50 0.25-0.80 1.25-2.80 0.75-2.25 1.00
NOTE:
(1) Single values shown above are maximum
SEC9.PPT 10/99
Part QW - Welding
Part QB - Brazing
APPENDICES
SEC9.PPT 8-00
Qualification of a Welding Procedure
RTC
Drawing + Construction Code
Draft WPS
Materials range of
Design welding
Impact testing variables
welding of a test
PWHT etc. essentials and
RTC
coupon from the
nonessentials
range
RTC RTC
WPS PQR
essentials + Record of
nonessentials actual values testing
and results
Qualification
Date certification
Date Signature Documentation
Signature
SEC9.PPT 10/01
QW-201 - Manufacturer's or Contractor's Responsibility
Each manufacturer or contractor shall list the parameters applicable to

welding that he performs in construction of weldments built in accordance
with this Code. These parameters shall be listed in a document known as a
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS).
Each manufacturer or contractor shall qualify the WPS by the welding of
test coupons and the testing of specimens (as required in this Code), and the
recording of the welding data and test results in a document known as a
Procedure Qualification Record (PQR). The welders or welding operators
used to produce weldments to be tested for qualification of procedures shall
be under the full supervision and control of the manufacturer or contractor
during the production of these test weldments. It is not permissible for the
manufacturer or contractor to have the welding of the test weldments
performed by another organization. It is permissible, however, to
subcontract any or all of the work of preparation of test metal for welding
and subsequent work on preparation of test specimens from the completed
weldment, performance of nondestructive examination, and mechanical
tests, provided the manufacturer or contractor accepts the responsibility for
any such work.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Welding Variables for WPS
QW - 250 ff Samples
Paragr. Brief
QW 402.1 Groove Design Nonessential Variable
no new PQR, just WPS Revision
QW-403.11 P-No. qualified Essential Variable

SA-516 Gr. 60 P-No. 1
SA-240-316 L P-No. 8 new PQR, new WPS
QW-403.5 group number qualified Supplementary Essential Variable

SA-516 Gr. 60 P-No. 1 Gr.1 Construction Code:
SA-516 Gr. 70 P-No. 1 Gr.2 · Impact testing: new PQR, new WPS
· no Impact test: do not consider.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Section IX Procedure Qualifications - QW-253
Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

SHIELDED METAL-ARC WELDING (SMAW)
Supplementary
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential Essential Nonessential
.1 ø Groove design X
QW-402 .4 - Backing X
Joints .10 ø Root spacing X
.11 ± Retainers X
.5 ø Group Number X
.6 T Limits impact X
QW-403 .7 T/t Limits > 8 in. (200 mm) X
Base .8 ø T Qualified X
Metals .9 t Pass > ½ in. (13 mm) X
.11 ø P-No. Qualified X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
QW-404 .6 ø Diameter X
Filler .7 ø Diam. > ¼ in. (6 mm) X
Metals .12 ø Classification X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø Classification X
Legend:
+ Addition > Increase/greater than Uphill Forehand
- Deletion < Decrease/less than Downhill Backhand
ø change SEC9.PPT 10/2004

.1 + Position X
QW-405 Positions .2 ø Position X
.3 ø Vertical welding X
.1 Decrease > 100° F (55 °C) X
QW-406 Preheat .2 ø Preheat maint. X
.3 Increase > 100° F (55°C) (IP) X
.1 ø PWHT X
QW-407 PWHT .2 ø PWHT (T & T Range) X
.4 T Limits X
QW- 409 .1 > Heat imput X
Electrical .4 ø Current or polarity X X
Characteristics .8 ø I & E range X
.1 ø String / Weave X
QW-410 .5 ø Method cleaning X
Technique .6 ø Method back gouge X
.9 ø Multi to Single pass/side X X
.25 ø Manual or automatic X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
Legend:
ASME Code
Definition
Definition of Welds
of
0°-30°
Joints
~90°
30°-90°
SEC81.PPT 10/02
QW-202.2 - Groove and Fillet Welds
(a) Qualification for Groove Full Penetration Welds. Groove-weld test

coupons shall qualify the thickness ranges of both base metal and deposited
weld metal to be used in production. Limits of qualification shall be in
accordance with QW-451. WPS qualification for groove welds shall be
made on groove welds using tension and guided-bend specimens. Notch-
toughness tests shall be made when required by other Section(s) of the
Code. The WPS shall be qualified for use with groove welds within the
range of essential variables listed.
(b) Qualification for Partial Penetration Groove Welds. Partial penetration
groove welds shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of QW-
451 for both base metal and deposited weld metal thickness, except there
need be no upper limit on the base metal thickness provided qualification
was made on base metal having a thickness of 11/2 in. or more.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
QW-202.2 - Groove and Fillet Welds
(c) Qualification for Fillet Welds (Except for P-No. 11 Metals

Excluding P-No. 11A Group Nos. I and 2). WPS qualification for fillet
welds may be made on groove-weld test coupons using test specimens
specified in (a) or (b) above. Fillet-weld procedures so qualified may be
used for welding all thicknesses of base metal for all sizes of fillet welds,
and all diameters of pipe or tube in accordance with QW-451.4.
Nonpressureretaining fillet welds, as defined in other Sections of the
Code, may as an alternate be qualified with fillet welds only. Tests shall
be made in accordance with QW-180. Limits of qualification shall be in
accordance with QW-451.3.
(d) Qualification for Fillet Welds in P-No. 11 Metals (Excluding P-No.
11A Group Nos. 1 and 2). WPS qualification for all fillet welds (including
nonpressureretaining) shall be made on:
(1) groove-weld tests in accordance with (a) or (b) above; and
(2) fillet-weld tests in accordance with QW-180.
SEC9.PPT 03/98

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
Legend:
QW-403.7 - T > 8 in.
QW-403.7 For the multipass processes of shielded metal-arc,

submerged-arc, gas tungsten-arc, and gas metal-arc, the maximum
thickness qualified for 1 1/2 in. and over thickness T of the test coupon
of QW-451.1 shall be 8 in. for the conditions shown in QW-451.1. For
thicknesses greater than 8 in., the procedure test coupon thickness of the
joint to be welded in production divided by 1.33, and the maximum
thickness of base metal and deposited weld metal qualified is 1.33T or
1.33t, as applicable.
SEC9.PPT 03/98

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
Legend:
QW-451 Procedure Qualification
QW-451.1 GROOVE WELD TENSION TESTS AND TRANSVERSE-BEND TESTS

Range of Thickness T Thickness t of Deposited Weld
of Base Metal Qualified, in. Metal Qualified, in. Type and Number of Tests Required
[Notes (1)and (4)] [Notes (1)and (4)] (Tension and Guided-Bend Tests) [Note (4)]
Face
Thickness T of Test Tension Side Bend Bend Root Bend
Coupon Welded, in. Min. Max. Max. QW-150 QW-160 QW-160 QW-160
Less than 1/16 T 2T 2t 2 ... 2 2
1
/16 to 3/8, incl. 1
/16 2T 2t 2 Note (3) 2 2
Over 3/8, but less than 3/4 3

/16 2T 2t 2 Note (3) 2 2
3
/4, to less than 11/2 3
/16 2T 2t when t < 3/4 2 (5) 4 ... ...
3
/4, to less than 11/2 3
/16 2T 2 T when t >= 3/4 2 (5) 4 ... ...
11/2 and over 3

/16 8 (2) 2t when t < 3/4 2 (5) 4 ... ...
1 3 3
1 /2 and over /16 8 (2) 8 (2) when t >= /4 2 (5) 4 ... ...
NOTES:
(1) See QW-403 (.2, .3, .6, .9, .10), QW-404.32, and QW-407.4 for further limits on range of thickness qualified.
Also see QW-202 (.2, .3, .4) for allowable exceptions.
(2) For the welding processes of QW-403.7 only; otherwise per Note (1) or 2T, or 2t, whichever is applicable.
(3) Four side-bend tests may be substituted for the required face- and root-bend tests, when thickness T is 3/8 in. and over.
(4) For combination of welding procedures, see QW-200.4.
(5) See QW-151 (.1, .2, .3) for details on multiple specimens when coupon thicknesses are over 1 in.
SEC9.PPT9-00
QW-451 T & t Examples: Procedure
Production P-No. 1
PQR WPS
20mm 20mm
12mm 12mm T = 4.8mm – 24mm

5mm 5mm
5mm
24mm
5mm
200mm
40mm (³1 ½“) 40mm T1 = 4.8mm – 203mm
T2 = 4.8mm - ¥
100mm 100mm
T = 4.8mm – 332mm
250mm 250mm QW-403.7: = 1.33 · T 300mm 300mm
SEC9.PPT 01/00
PQR WPS
T =1.6 – 18mm
SMAW 5mm = t2
GTAW 4mm = t1
t1 = 8mm max. GTAW
t2 = 10mm max. SMAW
PQR WPS
T =4.8 – 203mm
SMAW 35mm = t2
GTAW 5mm = t1
t1 = 10mm max. GTAW
t2 = 203mm max. SMAW
SEC9.PPT 01/00
QW-202.4 - Dissimilar Base Metal Thicknesses
WPS qualified on groove welds shall be applicable for production

welds between dissimilar base metal thicknesses provided:
(a) the thickness of the thinner member shall be within the range
permitted by QW-451;
(b) the thickness of the thicker member shall be as follows.
(1) For P-No. 8, P-No. 41, P-No. 42, P-No. 43, P-No. 44, P-No. 45, P-
No. 46, P-No. 51, P-No. 52, P-No. 53, P-No. 61, and P-No. 62 metal in
which notch toughness is not a requirement, there shall be no limitation
on the maximum thickness of the thicker production member in joints of
similar P-Number materials provided qualification was made on base
metal having a thickness of 1/4 in. or greater.
(2) For all other metal, the thickness of the thicker member shall be
within the range permitted by QW-451, except there need be no limitation
on the maximum thickness of the thicker production member provided
qualification was made on base metal having a thickness of 11/2 in. or
more.
More than one PQR may be required to qualify for some dissimilar
thickness combinations.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
PQR WPS
5mm 5mm T = 1.6mm – 10mm Production P-No. 1
+ +
T1 = 4.8mm – 203mm 100mm
40mm 40mm
T2 = 4.8mm - ¥
2mm
or
T1 = 1.6mm – 18mm
100mm T2 = 4.8mm - ¥
9mm
SEC9.PPT 01/00

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
QW-403 .7 T/t Limits > 8 in. X
Metals .9 t Pass > ½ in. X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
Filler .7 ø Diam. > ¼ in. X
Metals .12 ø AWS Class X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø AWS Class X
Legend:
QW-424 Base Metals Used for Procedure Qualification
QW-424.1 Base Metal(s) Used for Procedure
Qualification Coupon Base Metals Qualified
One metal from a P-Number to any metal from Any metals assigned that P-or S-Number
the same P-Number
One metal from a P-Number to any metal from Any metal assigned the first P- or S-Number to
any other P-Number any metal assigned the second P- or S-Number
One metal from P-No. 3 to any metal from P- Any P- or S-No.3 metal to any metal from P- or S-
No. 3 No. 3 or 1
One metal from P-No. 4 to any metal from P- Any P- or S-No. 4 metal to any metal from P- or
No. 4 S-No. 4, 3, or 1
One metal from P-No. 5A to any metal from P- Any P- or S-No. 5A metal to any metal from P-or
No. 5A S-No. 5A, 4, 3, or 1
One metal from P-No. 5A to a metal from P- Any P- or S-No. 5A metal to any metal assigned to
No. 4, or P-No. 3, or P-No. 1 P- or S-No. 4, 3, or 1
One metal from P-No. 4 to a metal from P-No. Any P- or S-No. 4 metal to any metal assigned to
3 or P-No. 1 P- or S-No. 3 or 1
Any unassigned metal to the same unassigned The unassigned metal to itself
metal
Any unassigned metal to any P-Number metal The unassigned metal to any metal assigned to the
same P- or S-Number as the qualified metal
Any unassigned metal to any other unassigned The first unassigned metal to the second
metal unassigned metal1
SEC9.PPT 10/2004

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø AWS Class X
Legend:
QW-432 - F-NUMBERS Add2000
F-No. ASME Specification AWS Classification
Steel and Steel Alloys

1 SFA-5.1 EXX2O, EXX22, EXX24, EXX27, EXX28
1 SFA-5.4 EXXX(X)-25, EXXX(X)-26
1 SFA-5.5 EXX2O-X, EXX27-X
2 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX12, EXX13, EXX14, EXX19, E(X)XX13-X
3 SFA-5.1 & 5.5 EXX1O, EXX11, E(X)XX1O-X, E(X)XX11-X
4 SFA-5.1 EXX15, EXX16, EXX18, EXX48
4 SFA-5.4 other than austenitic and duplex EXXX(X)15, EXXX(X)16, EXXX(X)17
4 SFA-5.5 E(X)XX15-X, E(X)XX16-X, E(X)XX18-X
5 SFA-5.4 (austenitic and duplex) EXXX(X)15, EXXX(X)16, EXXX(X)17

6 All classifications
6 SFA-5.30 IN Ms-X, IN 5XX, IN 3XX(X)
Contínued...
SEC9.PPT 09/00

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø AWS Class X
Legend:
DATA - VARIABLES
QW-440 WELD METAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
QW-441 General
Identification of weld metal chemical composition designated on the PQR and WPS shall be as given in QW-404.5.
QW-442
A-NUMBERS
Classification of Ferrous Weld Metal Analysis for Procedure Qualifiration
Analysis, % [Note (1)]

A-No Types of Weld Desposit C Cr Mo Ni Mn Si
1 Mild Steel 0.15 ... ... ... 1.60 1.00
2 Carbon-Molybdenum 0.15 0.50 0.40 - 0.65 ... 1.60 1.00
3 Chrome (0.4% to 2%)-Molybdenum 0.15 0.40-2.00 0.40.--0.65 ... 1.60 1.00
4 Chrome (2% to 6%)-Molybdenum 0.15 2.00-6.00 0.40-1.50 ... 1.60 2.00
5 Chrome (6% to 10.5%)-Molybdenum 0.15 6.00-10.50 0.40-1.50 ... 1.20 2.00
6 Chrome-Martensitic 0.15 11.00-15.00 0.70 ... 2.00 1.00
7 Chrome-Ferritic 0.15 11.00-30.00 1.00 ... 1.00 3.00
8 Chromium-Nickel 0.15 14.50-30.00 4.00 7.50-15.00 2.50 1.00
9 Chromium-Nickel 0.30 25.00-30.00 4.00 15.00-37.00 2.50 1.00
10 Nickel to 4% 0.15 0.55 0.80-4.00 1.70 1.00
11 Manganese-Molybdenurn 0.17 0.25-0.75 0.85 1.25-2.25 1.00
12 Nickel-Chrome-Molybdenum 0.15 1.50 0.25-0.80 1.25-2.80 0.75-2.25 1.00
NOTE:
(1) Single values shown above are maximum
SEC9.PPT 10/99

.1 + Position X
.1 Decrease > 100° F X
.3 Increase > 100° F X
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
QW-203 - Limits of Qualified Positions for Procedures
Unless specifically required otherwise by the welding

variables (QW-250), a qualification in any position qualifies
the procedure for all positions. The welding process and
electrodes must be suitable for use in the positions permitted
by the WPS. A welder or welding operator making and
passing the WPS qualification test is qualified for the position
tested. See QW-301.2.
SEC9.PPT 03/98

.1 + Position X
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
QW-406 Preheat
QW-406.1 A decrease of more than 100°F (56°C) in the preheat temperature

qualified. The minimum temperature for welding shall be specified in the WPS.
QW-406.2 A change in the maintenance or reduction of preheat upon completion of
welding prior to any required postweld heat treatment.
QW-406.3 An increase of more than 100°F (56°C) in the maximum interpass
temperature recorded on the PQR. This limitation does not apply when a WPS is
qualified with a PWHT above the upper transformation temperature or when an
austenitic material is solution annealed after welding.
QW-406.4 A decrease of more than 100°F (56°C) in the preheat temperature
qualified or an increase in the maximum interpass temperature recorded on the PQR.
The minimum temperature for welding shall be specifed in the WPS.
QW-406.5 A change in the maintenance or reduction of preheat upon completion of
spraying and prior to fusing.
QW-406.6 A change of more than 10% in the amplitude or number of preheating
cycles from that qualified.
SEC9.PPT 09/00

.1 + Position X
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
QW-407.1 QW-407.4 - PWHT
QW-407.1 A separate procedure qualification is required for each of the following

conditions.
(a) For P-No. 1, P-No. 3, P-No. 4, P-No. 5, P-No. 6, P-No. 9, P-No. 10, and P-No. 11
materials, the following postweld heat treatment conditions apply:
(1) No PWHT;
(2) PWHT below the lower transformation temperature;
(3) PWHT above the upper transformation temperature (e.g., normalizing);
(4) PWHT above the upper transformation temperature followed by heat
treatment below the lower transformation temperature (e.g., normalizing or quenching
followed by tempering);
(5) PWHT between the upper and lower transformation temperatures.
(b) For all other materials, the following postweld heat treatment conditions apply:
(1) No PWHT;
(2) PWHT within a specified temperature range.
QW-407.4 For a procedure qualification test coupon receiving a postweld heat

treatment in which the upper transformation temperature is exceeded, the maximum
qualified thickness for production welds is 1.1 times the thickness of the test coupon.
SEC9.PPT 01/00

.1 + Position X
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
PQR
One PQR may qualify more WPS´s
SMAW
SA-516 Gr. 60
T=9.5mm
E6013
Charpy V
Tensile
Bend
WPS SMAW ....

WPS SMAW
WPS SMAW 9.5 - 19mm

P No. 1 Gr. 1
1.6 - 19mm all fillets
P No. 1 impact P No. 1
no impact
SEC9.PPT 03/98
One WPS may be supported by more PQR´s
PQR PQR PQR

GTAW SMAW SAW
W/O backing
+ +
WPS
SAW
SMAW
GAW
SEC9.PPT 03/98

SUBMERGED-ARC WELDING (SAW)
Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99
Supplementary
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential EssentialNonessential
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.6 ø Diameter X
.9 ø Flux/wire class. X
.10 ø Alloy flux X
QW-404 .24 ± Supplemental X
Filler ø
Metals .27 ø Alloy elements X
.29 ø Flux designation X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø Calssification X
.34 ø Flux type X
.35 ø Flux/wire class. X X
.36 Recrushed slag X
QW-405 Positions .1 + Position X
.1 Decrease > 100° F (55 °C) X
.3 Increase > 100° F (55°C) (IP) X
Legend:

Supplementary
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.7 ø Oscillation X
.8 ø Tube-work distance X
.9 ø Multi to single pass/side X
.10 ø Single to multi electrodes X
.15 ø Electrode spacing X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99

GAS TUNGSTEN-ARC WELDING (GTAW)
Supplementary
Paragraph Brief of Variables Essential EssentialNonessential
.11 ± Retainers X
Base Metals .8 ø T Qualified X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.3 ø Size X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
QW-404 .12 ø Classification X
Filler .14 ± Filler X
Metals .22 ± Consum. Insert. X
.23 ø Filler Metal X
product form
.30 ø t X
Legend:

Supplementary
.1 + Position X
QW-406 Preheat .3 Increase > 100° F X
(I.P.)
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.1 ± Trail or ø comp. X
.2 ø Single, mixture or % X
QW-408 .3 ø Flow rate X
Gas .5 ± or ø Backing flow X
.9 - Backing or ø comp. X
.10 ø Shielding or trailing X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99

Supplementary
.1 > Heat imput X
QW-409 .3 ± Pulsing I X
.12 ø Tungsten electrode X
.3 ø Orifice, cup, or nozzle size X
.7 ø Oscillation X
.9 ø Multi to single pass/side X X
.10 ø Single to multi electrodes X X
.11 ø Closed to out chamber X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99

GAS METAL-ARC WELDING (GMAW & FCAW)
Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.10 T Limits (S. Cir. Arc) X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99
QW-403.10 / QW-404.32 - T & t limits S. Cir. Arc.
QW-403.10 For the short-circuiting transfer mode of the gas metal-arc

process when the qualification test coupon thickness is less than 1/2 in.,
an increase in thickness beyond 1.1 times that of the qualification test
coupon. For thicknesses of 1/2 in. and greater, use QW-451.1 or QW-
451.2, as applicable.
QW-404.32 For the, low voltage short-circuiting type of gas metal-arc
process when the deposited weld metal thickness is less than 1/2 in., an
increase in deposited weld metal thickness beyond 1.1 times that of the
qualification test deposited weld metal trickness. For weld metal
thicknesses of 1/2 in. and greater, use QW-451.1 or QW-451.2, or QW-
452.1 or QW-452.2, as applicable.
SEC9.PPT 03/98

Supplementary
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.6 ø Diameter X
.12 ø AWS Class X
.23 ø Filler Metal X
QW-404 product form
Filler .24 ± Supplemental X
Metals ø
.27 ø Alloy elements X
.30 ø t X
.32 t Limit (S. Cir. Arc) X
.33 ø AWS Class X
.1 + Position X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99

Supplementary
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.1 ± Trail or ø comp. X
.2 ø Single, mixture or % X
QW-408 .3 ø Flow rate X
Gas .5 ± or ø Backing flow X
.9 - Backing or ø comp. X
.10 ø Shielding or trailing X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99

Supplementary
.1 > Heat imput X
QW-409 .2 ø Transfer mode X
.3 ø Orifice, cup, or nozzle size X
.7 ø Oscillation X
.8 ø Tube-work distance X
.9 ø Multi to single pass/side X X
.10 ø Single to multi electrodes X X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
ø change
SEC9.PPT 06/99

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø AWS Class
WPS 3-2002 X
Legend:
QW-403.5 - Group Number
QW-403.5 Welding procedure qualifications shall be made using a base metal

of the same type or grade or another base metal listed in the same P-Number and
Group Number (see QW/QB-422) as the base metal to be used in production
welding. A procedure qualification shall be made for each P-Number and Group
Number combination of base metals, even though procedure qualification tests
have been made for'each of the two base metals welded to itself. If, however, the
procedure specification for welding the combination of base metals specifies the
same essential variables, including electrode or filler metal, as both
specifications for welding each base metal to itself, such that base metals is the
only change, then the procedure specification for welding the combination of
base metals is also qualified. In addition, when base metals of two different P-
Number Group Number combinations are qualified using a single test coupon,
that coupon qualifies the welding of those two P-Number Group Numbers to
themselves as well as to each other using the variables qualified. This variable
does not apply when impact testing of the heat-affected zone is not required by
other Sections.
SEC9.PPT 01/00

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø AWS Class X
Legend:
QW-403.6 - T Limits Impact
QW-403.6 The minimum base metal thickness

qualified is the thickness of the test coupon T or 5/8 in.
(16 mm), whichever is less. However, where T is less
than 1/4 in. (6 mm), the minimum thickness qualified
is 1/2 T. This limitation does not apply when a WPS is
qualified with a PWHT above the upper transformation
temperature or when an austenitic material is solution
annealed after welding.
SEC9.PPT 01/00

Supplementary
.11 ± Retainers X
.13 ø P-No. 5/9/10 X
.4 ø F - Number X
.5 ø A - Number X
.30 ø t X
.33 ø AWS Class X
Legend:
QW-404.7 - Diameter > ¼ in.
QW-404.7 A change in the nominal diameter of the

electrode to over 1/4 in. (6 mm). This limitation does
not apply when a WPS is qualified with a PWHT
above the upper transformation temperature or when
an austenitic material is solution annealed after
welding.
SEC9.PPT 01/00
QW-404.12 - AWS Class
QW-404.12 A change in the SFA type (i.e., a change among EXXlS, 16, or 18
specification filler metal classification or to a or EXXXlS, 16, or 17 classifications);
filler metal not covered by an SFA (d) from one position-usability designation
specification, or from one filler metal not to another for flux cored electrodes (i.e., a
covered by an SFA specification to another change from E7OT-1 to E7lT-1 or vice versa);
which is not covered by an SFA specification. (e) from a classification which requires
When a filler metal conforms to an SFA impact testing to the same classification which
specification classification, requalification is has a suffix which indicates that impact testing
not required if a change is made in any of the was performed at a lower temperature or
following: exhibited greater toughness at the required
(a) from a filler metal which is designated as temperature or both, as compared to the
moisture-resistant to one which is not classification which was used during
designated as moistureresistant and vice-versa procedure qualification (i.e., a change from
(i.e., from E7018R to E7018); E7018 to E7018-1).
(b) from one diffusible hydrogen level to (f) from the classification qualified to
another (i.e., from E7018-H8 to E7018-H16); another filler metal within the same SFA
(c) for carbon, low alloy, and stainless steel specification when the weld metal is exempt
filler metals having the same minimum tensile from Impact Testing by other Sections.
strength and the same nominal chemical This exemption does not apply to hardfacing
composition, a change from one low hydrogen and corrosion-resistant overlays.
coating type to another low hydrogen coating SEC9.PPT 01/00

.1 + Position X
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
QW-405.2 - Position
QW-405.2 A change from any position to

the vertical position uphill progression.
Vertical-uphill progression (e.g., 3G, 5G, or
6G position) qualifies for all positions. In
uphill progression, a change from stringer
bead to weave bead. This limitation does not
apply when a WPS is qualified with a PWHT
above the upper transformation temperature or
when an austenitic material is solution
annealed after welding.
SEC9.PPT 01/00

.1 + Position X
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
QW-407.2 - PWHT (T & T Range)
QW-407.2 A change in the postweld heat

treatment (see QW-407.1 ) temperature and
time range.
The procedure qualification test shall be
subjected to PWHT essentially equivalent to
that encountered in the fabrication of
production welds, including at least 80% of
the aggregate times at temperature(s). The
PWHT total time(s) at temperature(s) may be
applied in one heating cycle.
SEC9.PPT 01/00

.1 + Position X
.1 ø PWHT X
.4 T Limits X
.26 ± Peening X
Legend:
QW-409.1 Heat Input / QW-409.4 Current or Polarity
QW-409.1 An increase in heat input, or QW-409.4 A change from ac to dc, or

an increase in volume of weld metal vice versa; and in dc welding, a change
deposited per unit length of weld, over that from electrode negative (straight polarity) to
qualified. The increase may be measured by electrode positive (reverse polarity), or vice
either of the following: versa.
(a) Heat input (J/in.)
Voltage x Amperage x 60
=
Travel Speed (in. / min )
(b) Volume of Weld Metal - an increase in
bead size or a decrease in length of weld
bead per unit length of electrode.
The requirement for measuring the heat
input or volume of deposited weld metal
does not apply when the WPS is qualified
with a PWHT above the upper
transformation temperature or a solution
anneal after welding austenitic materials.
SEC9.PPT 01/00
Section IX - Article V
QW-500: SWPS May be used:

- when listed in Appendix E
- SWPS shall bear the Manufacturer‘s name, Construction Code and
any other fabrication requirements, Sign and Date
- The use of SWPS shall be described in the QC system
- Construction Code requirements shall precede
Section I: P-No.1 Gr. 1&2, P-No.8 Gr.1, max. 1-1/2 in. Thickness, with PWHT,
Processes SMAW, GTAW, FCAW only
- Only when impact testing is not required

- The Manufacturer shall weld and test one groove weld test coupon
following that SWPS. Records per QW-510(d)
- Additional Requirements for the use in QW-540
SEC9.PPT 8-00
Part QW - Welding
Part QB - Brazing
APPENDICES
SEC9.PPT 8-00
Qualification of a welder:
Selection of welders
Selection of welding variables, i.e.
Distinguishing of positions
Distinguishing of pipe diameters
Distinguishing of used F-Numbers for fillermetals RTC
WPQ
etc.
Certification
Date
Signature
testing (VT and

2 bend tests or RT)
welding of test coupons
SEC9.PPT 10/01
Section IX - Definitions QW-492
manual welding
handheld process with guidance of the arc, travelling along the weld and feeding of
consumables manually by the welder.
semiautomatic welding (e.g. GMAW)

handheld process with guidance of the arc and travelling along the weld manually by
the welder , feeding of consumables automatically.
machine welding (e.g. SAW)

mechanized process under supervision and control of the welding operator, who can
adjust parameters.
automatic welding (e.g. stud welding)

fully automatic process with no adjusting by the welding operator.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
QW-300.2 - Manufacturer's or Contractor's Responsibility
...each manufacturer or contractor (an assembler or an installer is to be included

within this premise) shall be responsible for conducting tests to qualify the
performance of welders and welding operators in accordance with qualified Welding
Procedure Specifications, which his organization employs in the construction of
weldments built in accordance with the Code. The purpose of this requirement is to
ensure that the manufacturer or contractor has determined that his welders and
welding operators using his procedures are capable of developing the minimum
requirements specified for an acceptable weldment. This responsibility cannot be
delegated to another organization.
The welders or welding operators used to produce such weldments shall be tested
under the full supervision and control of the manufacturer, contractor, assembler, or
installer during the production of these test weldments. It is not permissible for the
manufacturer, contractor, assembler, or installer to have the welding performed by
another organization. ...
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Section IX QW-353
QW-353 SHIELDED METAL-ARC WELDING (SMAW)

Essential Variables
Paragraph Brief of Variables

QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
QW-403 .16 Ø Pipe Diameter
Base Metals .18 Ø P-Number
QW-404 .15 Ø F-Number
Filler Metals .30 Ø t Weld deposit
QW-405 + Position
Positions .3 Ø ¯ Vertical welding
Ø Change Uphill
+ Addition ¯Downhill
- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
Section IX QW-354
QW-354 SEMIAUTOMATIC SUBMERGED-ARC

WELDING (SAW)
Essential Variables

QW-403 .16 Ø Pipe diameter
QW-405 .1 + Position
Positions
Ø Change Uphill
- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
Section IX QW-355
QW-355 SEMIAUTOMATIC GAS METAL-ARC

WELDING (GMAW)
[This Includes Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)]
Essential Variables

QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
Base Metals .18 Ø P-Nurnber
.32 t Limit (S. Cir. Arc.)
QW-405 .1 Position
QW-408 .8 Inert backing
Gas Ø Change Uphill
QW-409 Ø Transfer mode - Deletion
Electrical
SEC9.PPT 10/99
Section IX Performance Qualification
QW-356 MANUAL AND SEMIAUTOMATIC GAS
TUNGSTEN-ARC WELDING (GTAW)
Essential Variables
QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
.14 ± Filler
Filler Metals .22 ± Inserts
.23 Ø Solid or metal-cored to flux-cored
.30 Ø t Weld deposit
QW-408 .8 - Inert backing
Gas
Ø Change Uphill
QW-409 .4 Ø Current or polarity + Addition ¯Downhill
Electrical - Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
Section IX Performance Qualification
QW-357 MANUAL AND SEMIAUTOMATIC

PLASMA-ARC WELDING (PAW)
Essential Variables
QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
.14 ± Filler
Filler Metals .22 ± Inserts
.23 Ø Solid or metal-cored to flux-cored
.30 Ø t Weld deposit
QW-408 - Inert backing Ø Change Uphill
Gas
- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-361.2 - Essential Variables - Machine Welding
(a) A change in the welding process.

(b) A change from direct visual control to remote visual control
and vice-versa.
(c) The deletion of an automatic arc voltage control system for
GTAW.
(d) The deletion of automatic joint tracking.
(e) The addition of welding positions other than those already
qualified (see QW-120, QW-130, and QW-303).
(f) The deletion of consumable inserts, except that qualification
with consumable inserts shall also qualify for fillet welds and welds
with backing.
(g) The deletion of backing. Double-welded groove welds are
considered welding with backing.
(h) A change from single pass per side to multiple passes per side
but not the reverse.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
QW-361.1 - Essential Variables - Automatic Welding
(a) A change from automatic to machine welding.

(b) A change in the welding process.
(c) For electron beam and laser welding, the addition or deletion of
filler metal.
(d) For laser welding, a change in laser type (e.g., a change from
CO2 to YAG).
(e) For friction welding, a change from continous drive to inertia
welding or vice versa.
(f) For electron beam welding, a change from vacuum to out-of-
vacuum equipment, and vice versa.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Section IX QW-353

Essential Variables

QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
QW-405 + Position
Ø Change Uphill WPQ SMAW

- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-452.3 - GROOVE-WELD DIAMETER LIMITS 1,2
Outside Diameter
Outside Diameter Qualified, in.
of Test Coupon, in. Min. Max.
Less than 1 Size welded Unlimited

7
1 to less than 2 /8 1 Unlimited
7 7
2 /8 and over 2 /8 Unlimited
NOTES:
(1) Type and number of tests required shall be in accordance with QW-452.1.
(2) 27/8 in. 0.0. is the equivalent of NPS 21/2.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Section IX QW-353

Essential Variables

QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
QW-405 + Position
Ø Change Uphill
- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-423 Alternate Base Materials for Welder Qualification
QW-423.1 Base material used for welder qualification may be

substituted for the P-Number material specified in the WPS in
accordance with the following.
Base Metal(s) for Welder Qualified Production Base

Qualification Metal(s)
P-No. 1 through 11, P-No. 1 through 11,

34, 40 through 47 34, 40 through 47
and unassigned metals of
similar chemical compo-
sition to these metals
P-No. 21 through 25 P-No. 21 through P-No. 25
P-No. 51 through 53 P-No. 51 through 53

or P-No. 61 through 62 and P-No. 61 through 62
SEC9.PPT A99
Section IX QW-353

Essential Variables

QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
QW-405 + Position
Ø Change Uphill
- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-433 - F-Numbers for Welder Performance Qualification
Qualified with  F-No. 1 F-No. 1 F-No. 2 F-No. 2 F-No. 3 F-No. 3 F-No. 4 F-No. 4 F-No. 5 F-No. 5
With Without With Without With Without With Without With Without
Qualified for  Backing Backing Backing Backing Backing Backing Backing Backing Backing Backing
F-No. 1 With
X X X X X X X X X X
Backing
F-No. 1 Without
X
Backing
F-No. 2 With
X X X X X X
Backing
F-No. 2 Without
X
Backing
F-No. 3 With
X X X X
Backing
F-No. 3 Without
X
Backing
F-No. 4 With
X X
Backing
F-No. 4 Without
X
Backing
F-No. 5 With
X X
Backing
F-No. 5 Without
X
Backing
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Section IX QW-353

Essential Variables

QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
QW-405 + Position
Ø Change Uphill
- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-452 Performance Qualification
QW-452.1(a) TEST SPECIMENS
Type and Number of Examinations and Test Specimens Required
Face Bend Root Bend

Visual Side Bend QW-462.3(a) QW-462.3(a)
Thickness of Weld Examination QW-462.2 or QW-462.3(b) or QW-462.3(b)
Metal, in. (mm) per QW-302.4 [Note (1)] [Notes (1), (2)] [Notes (1), (2)]
Less than 3/8 (10) X ... 1 1
3/ (10) to less
8
than 3/4 (19) X 2 [Note (3)] Note (3) Note (3)
3/ (19) and over X 2 ... ...

4
GENERAL NOTE: The "Thickness of Weld Metal" is the total weld metal thickness deposited by all welders and all
processes in the test coupon exclusive of the weld reinforcement.
NOTES:
(1) To qualify using positions 5G or 6G, a total of four bend specimens are required. To qualify using a combination
of 2G and 5G in a single test coupon, a total of six bend specimens are required. See QW302.3. The type of bend
test shall be based on weld metal thickness.
(2) Coupons tested by face and root bends shall be limited to weld deposit made by one welder with one or two
processes or two welders with one process each. Weld deposit by each welder and each process shall be present
on the convex surface of the appropriate bent specimen.
(3) One face and root bend may be substituted for the two side bends.
SEC9.PPT 10/2004
QW-452 Performance Qualification A02
QW-452.1(b) THICKNESS OF WELD METAL QUALIFIED
NOTES:
(1) When more than one welder and/or more than one process and more than one filler metal F-Number
is used to deposit weld metal in a coupon, the thickness, t, of the weld metal in the coupon deposited
by each welder with each process and each filler metal F-Number in accordance with the applicable
variables under QW-404 shall be determined and used individually in the "Thickness, t,of Weld Metal
in the Coupon’’ column to determine the "Thickness of Weld Metal Qualified.’’
(2) Two or more pipe test coupons with different weld metal thickness may be used to determine the weld
metal thickness qualified and that thickness may be applied to production welds to the smallest
diameter for which the welder is qualified in accordance with QW-452.3.
(3) Thickness of test coupon of 3/4 in. (19 mm) or over shall be used for qualifying a combination of three
or more welders each of whom may use the same or a different welding process.
SEC9.PPT 10/02
Section IX QW-353

Essential Variables

QW-402 .4 - Backing
Joints
QW-405 + Position
Ø Change Uphill
- Deletion
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-461 - Test Positions
QW-461.3
Groove Welds
in Plate
QW-461.3
Groove Welds
in Pipe
QW-461.3
Fillet Welds
in Plate
SEC9.PPT 03/98
Qualification of a welder:
Selection of welders
Selection of welding variables, i.e.
Distinguishing of positions
Distinguishing of pipe diameters
Distinguishing of used F-Numbers for fillermetals RTC
WPQ
etc.
Certification
Date
Signature
testing (VT and

2 bend tests or RT)
welding of test coupons
SEC9.PPT 10/01
QW-467.9 - Positions and Diameter Limitations
Position and Type Weld Qualified [Note (1)]

Qualification Test Groove Fillet
Plate and Pipe Pipe Plate
Weld Position Over 24 in. O.D. <= 24 in. O.D. and Pipe
Plate - Groove 1G F F [Note (2)] F
2G F,H F,H [Note (2)] F,H
3G F,V F [Note (2)] F,H,V
4G F,0 F [Note (2)] F,H,O
3G and 4G F,V,O F [Note (2)] All
2G, 3G, and 4G All F,H [Note (2)] All
Special Positions (SP) SP,F SP,F SP,F
Plate - Fillet 1F ... ... F [Note (2)]
2F ... ... F,H [Note (2)]
3F ... ... F,H,V [Note (2)]
4F ... ... F,H,O [Note (2)]
3F and 4F ... ... All [Note (2)]
Special Positions (SP) ... ... SP, F [Note (2)]
Pipe - Groove [Note (3)] 1G F F F
2G F, H F, H F, H
5G F,V,O F,V,O, All
6G All All All
2G and SG All All All
Special Positions (SP) SP,F SP,F SP,F
Pipe - Fillet [Note (3)] 1F ... ... F
2F ... ... F,H
2FR ... ... F,H
4F ... ... F,H,O
5F ... ... All
Special Positions (SP) ... ... SP,F
SEC9.PPT 03/98
QW-461.1 - Positions of Welds - Groove Welds
Tabulation of Positions of Welds

Diagram Inclination Rotation
Position Reference of Axis, deg. of Face, deg.
Flat A 0 to 15 150 to 210
80 to 150
Horizontal B 0 to 15
210 to 280
0 to 80
Overhead C 0 to 80
280 to 360
D 15 to 80 80 to 280
Vertical
E 80 to 90 0 to 360
SEC9.PPT 03/98
QW-461.2 - Positions of Welds - Fillet Welds
Tabulation of Positions of Fillet Welds

Diagram Inclination Rotation
Position Reference of Axis, deg. of Face, deg.
Flat A 0 to 15 150 to 210
125 to 150
Horizontal B 0 to 15
210 to 235
0 to 125
Overhead C 0 to 80
235 to 360
D 15 to 80 125 to 235
Vertical
E 80 to 90 0 to 360
SEC9.PPT 03/98
QW-322.1 - Expiration of Qualification
The performance qualification of a welder or welding operator shall

be affected when one of the following conditions occurs:
(a) when he has not welded with a process during a period of 6
months or more, his qualifications for that process shall expire; unless
within the six month period, prior to his expiration of qualification:
(1) a welder has welded using a manual or semiautomatic welding
process, which will maintain his qualification for manual and
semiautomatic welding with that process;
(2) a welding operator who welds with a machine welding or
automatic process which will maintain his qualification for machine
and automatic welding with that process.
(b) when there is a specific reason to question his ability to make
welds that meet the specification, the qualifications which support the
welding he is doing shall be revoked. All other qualifications not
questioned remain in effect.
SEC9.PPT 01/00
QW-322.2 - Renewal of Qualification
(a) Renewal of qualification expired under QW322.1(a) above

may be made for any process by welding a single test coupon of
either plate or pipe, of any material, thickness or diameter, in any
position, and by testing of that coupon as required by QW-301 and
QW-302. A successful test renews the welder or welding operator's
previous qualifications for that process for those materials,
thicknesses, diameters, positions, and other variables for which he
was previously qualified.
Providing the conditions of QW-304 and QW-305 are satisfied,
renewal of qualification under QW-322.1(a) may be done on
production work.
SEC9.PPT 03/98
QW-462.1 (a) Tension Test Specimen, Plate
W = ¾“ (19 mm)
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-153 Acceptance Criteria - Tension Tests
QW-153.1 Tensile Strength. Except for P-No. 21 through P-No. 25

and P-No. 35 materials, minimum values are provided under the column
heading "Minimum Specified Tensile, ksi" of QW/QB-422. In order to
pass the tension test, the specimen shall have a tensile strength that is
not less than:
(a) the minimum specified tensile strength of the base metal; or
(b) the minimum specified tensile strength of the weaker of the two, if
base metals of different minimum tensile strengths are used; or
(c) the minimum specified tensile strength of the weld metal when the
applicable Section provides for the use of weld metal having lower room
temperature strength than the base metal;
(d) if the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the weld or
fusion line, the test shall be accepted as meeting the requirements,
provided the strength is not more than 5% below the minimum specified
tensile strength of the base metal.
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-462.1 (a) Bend Test Specimen, Plate
NOTES:
(2) If the pipe being tested is 4 in. nominal
diameter or less, the width of the bend specimen
may be 3l4 in. for pipe diameters 2 in. to and
including 4 in. The bend specimen width may be 3/8
in. for pipe diameters less than 2 in. down to and
including 3/8 in. and as an alternative, if the pipe
being tested is equal to or less than 1 in. nominal
pipe size (1.315 in. O. D.), the width of the bend
specimens may be that obtained by cutting the pipe
into quarter sections, less an allowance for saw cuts
or machine cutting. These specimens cut into
quarter sections are not required to have one
surface machined flat as shown in QW-462.3(a).
Bend specimens taken from tubing of comparable
sizes may be handled in a similar manner.
SEC9.PPT 10/99
QW-163
QW-163 Acceptance Criteria - Bend Tests

The weld and heat affected zone of a transverse weld-bend specimen
shall be completely within the bent portion of the specimen after testing.
The guided-bend specimens shall have no open defects in the weld or
heat affected zone exceeding 1/8 in. (3.2 mm), measured in any
direction on the convex surface of the specimen after bending. Open
defects occurring on the corners of the specimen during testing shall not
be considered unless there is definite evidence that they result from lack
of fusion, slag inclusions, or other internal defects. For corrosion-
resistant weld overlay cladding, no open defect exceeding 1/16 in. (1.6
mm), measured in any direction, shall be permitted in the cladding, and
no open defects exceeding 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) shall be permitted in the
bond line.
SEC9.PPT 10/99

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Section IX Structure and Use

• Settlements in USA / Canada

• ASME - Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

ASME B31.1 Section II Section V Section IX

"Inservice"-Code Section VI Section VII Section XI

Standards, Recommendations ANSI ASTM AWS ASNT

• National Board Inspection Code NBIC

1. Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)

A WPS should specify ranges of variables in accordance with Section IX.

A WPS shall be written and qualified - by the manufacturer using it for

A2000: Alternatively AWS Standard WPSs listed in Appendix E may be used

2. Procedure Qualification Records (PQR)

A PQR as a record shall show actual values instead of qualified

3. Welder's Performance Qualification (WPQ)

Criteria such as welding positions, pipe diameter, thickness of

The WPQ is used to specify the range of the welder's qualification,

A - 516 (90) Gr 60 ASTM Material

Acceptance for use in ASME Code Committee

SA - 516 Gr 60 (Type, Class) ASME Material

Published in Section II Part A/B

Society for ASME

Grouping of Base Metals for Qualification

SA-105 ... K03504 70 1 2 ... ... 101 ... C-Si Pipeflange

SA-106 A K02501 48 1 1 ... ... 101 ... C-Si Smls. pipe

A 108 1015 CW G10150 60 ... ... 1 1 ... 101 C Bar

SFA-5.1, 5.4 : SMAW Electrode Classification

E7018, E7018M, E7016-1HZR

GTAW SFA-5.12 Electrode Classification

GMAW SFA-5.18 Electrode Classification

Electrode / Rod solid wire

FCAW SFA-5.20 Electrode Classification

Electrode Position Usability

Tensile Tubular wire

SAW SFA-5.23 Electrode - Flux Combination

flux heat solid

minimum 20 ft lbs Electrode

F-No. ASME Specification AWS Classification

Steel and Steel Alloys

5 SFA-5.4 (austenitic and duplex) EXXX(X)15, EXXX(X)16, EXXX(X)17

6 SFA-5.2 All classifications

Analysis, % [Note (1)]

Each manufacturer or contractor shall list the parameters applicable to

QW-403.11 P-No. qualified Essential Variable

QW-403.5 group number qualified Supplementary Essential Variable

Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

(a) Qualification for Groove Full Penetration Welds. Groove-weld test

(c) Qualification for Fillet Welds (Except for P-No. 11 Metals

Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

QW-403.7 For the multipass processes of shielded metal-arc,

Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

QW-451.1 GROOVE WELD TENSION TESTS AND TRANSVERSE-BEND TESTS

Over 3/8, but less than 3/4 3

11/2 and over 3

12mm 12mm T = 4.8mm – 24mm

WPS qualified on groove welds shall be applicable for production

Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS)

F-No. ASME Specification AWS Classification

Steel and Steel Alloys

5 SFA-5.4 (austenitic and duplex) EXXX(X)15, EXXX(X)16, EXXX(X)17