Security Training Academy

Security Training Academy

SECURITY GRADE E NOTES

MODULE 1:

PERSONAL HYGIENE AND GENERAL APPEARANCE

Personal hygiene includes the health rules that a security officer should
adhere to in order to keep fit and healthy.
The aim is absolute cleanliness. By keeping ourselves clean, we remove germs
which may cause diseases.
We are the image of our company and therefore we must respect ourselves and
our uniform.
PERSONAL CLEANLINESS; SKIN; HANDS; NAILS; CARE OF FEET; CARE OF
TEETH; HEAD; CLOTHING; MING AND HABITS; SMOKING; SOCKS; FRESH AIR;
FOOD AND CARE OF FOOD; SPITTING; EXERCISE; REST; SLEEP.

MODULE 2:

BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

The Security Officer must protect clients' property as a whole, it is

necessary that he knows the safety signs to report instances of failure to
observe safety measures and signs.

SYMBOLIC SAFETY SIGNS

Symbolic safety signs consist of three parts:
 Shape
 Color
 Pictogram
CATEGORIES OF SYMBOLIC SAFETY SIGNS

SAFETY SIGN SHAPE COLOUR PICTOGRAM FUNCTION

GENERAL Square Green White Give directions/information
FIRE Square White Red Give location and type
of firefighting
WARNING Triangular Yellow Black Warns against dangers
equipment
PROHIBITORY Circular White Red Forbid to do
MANDATORY Circular Blue White Deal mainly with
protective clothing. The
signs are law and must
DANGERS OF SMOKING IN NON-SMOKING AREAS be obeyed
 Loss of lives
 Loss/damage to property
 Loss/damage to production time.

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MODULE 3:
BASIC PUBLIC RELATIONS

The Security Officer is the first person to be seen or comes into contact with,
it is necessary that he acts professionally at all times.
FAVOURABLE IMPRESSIONS WHEN ADDRESSING THE PUBLIC
 Smartly dressed
 Act professionally
 Communicate effectively
 Show concern
 Demonstrate good manners

ADDRESSING CLIENT REPRESENTATIVE

 Be helpful
 Courtesy
 Friendliness
 Dignity
BAD IMPRESSIONS TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC

 Poor Communication
 Disinterest
 Poor Attitude
 Exploitation
 Incompetence
 Crude Speech
 Abuse of Authority
MODULE 4:
ROLE AND FUNCTION OF SECURITY

The Security Officer must know what is expected from and roles to perform his
tasks correctly.

CATEGORIES OF SECURITY

 Security of information
 Security of material, equipment
and assets
 Security of personnel

AIM OF SECURITY

 Sabotage does not take place

Terrorist action does not succeed
 Classified information does not fall into wrong hands
 The undermining, subversive and propaganda efforts of the enemy shall not
succeed
 Prevent enemy action from breaking through the security system
 Facilitate investigations through the SAPS
 Make all concerned security
conscious

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PRINCIPLES OF SCURITY

 Embrace all persons who have access to all premises containing

classified information and material
 Designed that they can detect persons who endanger the security of classified
and material and provide for their exclusion and removal. Prevent access to
classified information and material by any unauthorized person and be so
designed that they can provide for the dangers of compromising of
information through carelessness.
 Be based on the principles that classified information should be made known
to those who really need to know.

CONTRIBUTION OF SECURITY PERSONNEL

 Not to be discriminatory
 Identify and report basic grievances by the workforce
 Recognize traps sets by the
enemy

VULNERABLE AREAS AND VITAL

POINTS

VULNERABLE AREAS

 Damaged doors, windows or

fences.
 Areas with poor illumination
 Drainage pipes and manholes
 Trees, buildings etc., next to fence

VITAL POINTS

 Computer rooms
 Electricity supply
 Safes
 Water reservoirs
 Petrol pumps
 Gas supply

MODULE 5:

BOMBS, EXPLOSIVES DEVICES AND FIREARMS

To prevent terrorism, the Security Officer must know the terrorist weapons and be
able to identify them.

DIFFERENT FIREARMS
 Automatic or semi-automatic rifles
 AK47, AKM and other AK
weapons
 Machine Pistols
 Scorpion sub-machine gun
 UZI
 Pistols
 Makarov pistol
 Kotare pistol
 Z88
 Revolvers

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 Various makes and sizes e.g. .45 Magnums and .38 Special
 SHOTGUNS
Various makes and sizes e.g. Automatic
Semi-automatic and Pump action

TYPES OF BOMBS

Military
Home-made

MILITARY

Limpet mines
Demolition CGARGES
Black widow anti-personal mines
TM 57 and TM 46 Anti vehicle mines
200g and 400g T.N.T. blocks
RGD 5 and Fl offensive hand grenades
POM — Z anti-personnel mines
RPG 7
SAM 7 and 9 (AIRPLANES)
60mm and 82mm mortars
122mm high explosives rockets

HOME-MADE

 Thrown by hand
Molotov cocktails
 Send through the post
Letter/parcel bombs
 Left unattended
Briefcase/parcel bombs
 Parked near target
Vehicle bombs

TARGETS OF TERRORISTS

Essential services — Gas, Electricity, Water

Officialdom- Courts Police Stations
High density population areas — shopping centers, Sport
Complexes
Transport Links — Trains, Busses.
Communication Centers — Telkom, SABC
Fuel and industrial installations

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IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILLS ON DISCOVERING A BOMB

 Do not panic and cause panic
 Notify control room
 Mark location of bomb
 Safe guard the immediate area
 Do not touch or handle the bomb

IMMEDIATE ACTION DRILL AFTER A BOMB EXPLOSION
 Do not panic and cause panic
 Notify control room
 Activate emergency procedures
 Secure the location
 Attend to the injured

MODULE 6:

DISCIPLINE

PRACTICAL

MODULE 7:

BASIC SELF DEFENCE

PRACTICAL

MODULE 8:

OBSERVATION

It is the duty of the Security Officer to develop his ability of observation to such an extent
that he is able to achieve the main aims:
 To supply a true account which would enable the court to come to a logical
conclusion?
 To ensure that clues which would be of assistance in solving crime, are not
overlooked or lost.
 To be capable to observe and describe minutely, objects and scenes
of crime.

OBSERVATION SHOULD BE TACKLED SYSTEMATICALLY

 Get a complete picture of the situation itself.

 Work in straight line or circles.

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OBSTACLES WHICH HAMPER OBJECTIVE OBSERVATION

 Nervous tension
 Fear
 Aggression
 Prejudice
 Occupation
 Religion
 Suggestion
 Ethical relations
 Political belief
 Self-protection

SENSES USED DURING OBSERVATION

 Eyes
 Ears
 Feeling
 Nose
 Taste

OBSERVATION OF PEOPLE

 Build - Stout; Slender; stocky; muscular; athletic; paunchy; stoops.

 Race - White (SA foreigner), yellow, brown, black
 Age - Approximate age
 Sex- Male/female
 Hair - Color, straight, wavy, curly, long, short, bold, Afro, etc.
 Height - Approximate height in meters

OBSERVATION OF VEHICLES

 Color - Light, Dark, Bright, Dull, metallic

 Make - Nissan, Ford, Opel
 Model - Langley, Escort, Monza
 Registration No – Type of plate
and
 number
 Year of manufacture - If possible
 Description - Tires, accessories, condition

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OBSERVATION OF OBJECTS

 Description
 Size
 Color
 Form
 Peculiar features
 Signs of damage
 Wear and tear

MODULE 9:

GUARDING AND PATROLLING

The Security Officer must know the security risks, emergency procedures and unsafe
acts and conditions to ensure that he protects the client's property effectively.

AIM OF PATROLLING

To prevent any unauthorized entry into the premises and if it occurred, to trace it.
To prevent any irregularities and if it occurred, to trace it.

SECURITY RISKS

Trespass
Breaking and Entering
Armed Robbery
Sabotage
Theft
Arson
Fraud
Terrorist Attacks

GENERAL PROCEDURES IN AN EMERGENCY

In case of an emergency, the guard on patrol must:

 raise alarm
 Portable radio
 Sirens placed on different locations on the premises.
 His whistle
 Emergency telephones

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CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH ALARM SHOULD BE RAISED

Fire
Attempted forced entry
Presence of unauthorized persons or vehicles
Discovering suspicious articles, incidents or
activities.
Attempted interference with security protective
devices

EQUIPMENT OF THE GUARD

Baton
Torch
Whistle
Handcuffs
Radio
Dogs in certain circumstances
Fire arm in certain circumstances

PHYSICAL BARRIERS USED ON PREMISES

Fences
Gates
Turnstiles
Doors
Counters
Windows
Booms
Burglar Proofing
Safety doors

PRINCIPLES OF PERFORMING PATROLS

 Be sure that your radio is in good condition.

 Take all your equipment along
 Never use a set pattern
 Walk in the shadows and dark spots
 Report any irregularities
 Be observant at all times and ready to react.
 Leave your area only to assist somebody.
 Turn back on tracks regularly.
 Take cover.

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MODULE 10:

USE OF FIRE — EXTINGUISHERS

It is important that every Security Officer knows how report and extinguish fire to
minimize personnel injuries and damage to property.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS BEFORE USING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Inspect for any damage.

 If damaged, do not use.
 Ensure that it is the correct extinguisher for the label.
 Ensure that the contents are as stated on the label.
 When activating the extinguisher kneel next to it with face turned away.

WHEREABOUTS OF FIRE — FIGHTING EOUIPMENT AND FIRE ALARMS

 Extinguisher units should be spread evenly around the premises.

 Immediate accessibility of an extinguisher is important.
 Specific hazards should be identified and the proper extinguisher placed in the
Immediate vicinity.
 Extinguisher should not be placed too closed to the danger area.
 Fire alarms should be spread evenly around the premises, especially near a
hazardous area.

MODULE 11:

RADIO/TELEPHONE COMMUNIACTION

It is important for the Security Officer to know the correct way to communicate
over the telephone to ensure that the messages are received and send correctly.

PRINCIPLES OF TELEPHONE PROCEDURES

Discipline
Voice procedure
Transmission of message
Speed and accuracy
Tact
Patience
Courtesy
Confidence
Incoming calls
ALWAYS KEEP PEN AND PAPER HANDY NEXT TO THE TELEPHONE
HOW TO WRITE DOWN A MESSAGE
Date and time of call

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Name and company of caller

Reason for call or message
Person to whom he message must be conveyed
Telephone numbers and time when the caller can be located
The radio is he only link between a Security Officer on patrol and the control room, it
is necessary that the Security Officer knows the radio procedure to prevent urgent
messages received wrongly.

CARE AND HANDLING OF THE RADIO

When booking out a radio check the following:

Antenna
Battery
On/Off switch
Volume
Squelch
Radio number
Condition of the radio
Channel

CARE OF THE RADIO:

Carry the radio in its pouch
Don't carry or swing with it by the aerial
Don’t leave it or put it down in dust or in the sun
Protect against the rain
Don't play with the battery
Treat as a technical equipment and handle with care
Don't play music over the radio
Don't use rude language over the radio
Keep the radio secured

PRINCIPLES OF RADIO PROCEDURE

"BASS:
B — Brief - Message must be brief and contain important facts
A — Accurate - Details given must be clear and accurate
S — Secret - never transmit classified information unless it is disguised
S — Speed - do not rush messages
"RSVP"
R — Rhythm
S — Speed
V — Volume
P — Pitch

COMMON WORD AND PHRASES

Use short phrases with pauses

Remember that the receiver may wish to write down the message
Speak louder than normal

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Pitch the voice slightly higher than normal.

MEANING
Romeo Call sign of station as registered and reflected on the radio license
unofficial domestic call signs arranged by the company
Call sign Abbreviated call
Over My message is complete, expect reply.
Roger I have received and understand your message, everything according
To plan.
SITREP Situation report
Mayday Emergency call
Say again Repeat your message, I SAY AGAIN
I am repeating my previous message
Relay to... Pass my message to

MODULE 12:

BASIC LEGAL ASPECTS

It is important that the Security Officer know the provisions of the Private Security
Industry Regulatory Authority and Criminal Procedure Acts to operate within the
framework of law.

Section 11

No person may render security services unless he is registered with PSIRA.

No company may render security services unless all the directors are registered
with PSIRA.
No employee or a person rendering security services may allow that he is used for
security services, unless he is registered by PSIRA.

Section 12

No natural person shall be qualified to be registered as a Security Officer if:

 Found guilty of an offence specified in the Schedule of this Act
 Found guilty of improper conduct under section 20 of this Act
 Unsound mi nd
 Under the age of 18 years
 No company can be registered by PSIRA, if a director of the company is not
qualified to register by PSIRA.

Section 15 Withdrawal of registration by PSIRA

 Gave false information concerning his registration

 Found guilty of an offence specified in the schedule to the act
 Found guilty of improper conduct
 Unsound mind.

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Section 18

Every Security Officer that is registered with PSIRA must pay a prescribed amount
on a prescribed date to PSIRA.
If the prescribed yearly amount is not paid on the date, PSIRA can suspend
registration, PSIRA can withdraw registration, on authority if six members of PSIRA.

Trespass law

A person entering or is upon land or enter or is in any building or part of a building,

must have permission from the lawful owner or occupant.
A servant of the lawful owner of land, on which a building is situated\, is not the lawful
owner.
A person convicted of trespassing can be fined with R2000.00, or imprisonment for
two years or the fine and imprisonment.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ACT 51/1977

POWERS OF ARREST SECTION 42

 Commit or attempt to commit a Schedule offence in his presence

 Specified by any law
 Escape from lawful custody
 Seen engaged in an affray

Section 39

 An arrest can be made with or without a warrant.

 By actually touching his body
 The necessary force to confine his body may be used
 The reason for the arrest must be told to the arrested person.
 A copy of the warrant must be given to the arrested person if he demands it.
 The arrested person must be handed over to the SAPS for custody.
Arrested person will be detained in custody until he is lawfully discharged or
Release from custody, only the police can discharge or release him.

Section 49 Use of force

Force may be used to conduct the arrest if the person resists and cannot be arrested
otherwise.
When a person flees when it is clear that an attempt to arrest him is being made, or
resists such attempt and flees, force may be used.

Section 20 Articles may be seized

 Concerned in the commission of a crime

 Which may afford evidence of the commission of a crime
 Intended to be used in the commission of a crime

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MODULE 13:

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

It is necessary that every Security Officer know the Disciplinary Code and Grievance
Procedure of the company to achieve the objectives thereof.

DISCIPLINARY CODES

Discipline is vital in any organization and is initiated by management in response to

unsatisfactory worker performance and behavior.
To help management to achieve a sound state of discipline, the company requires a set of
rules in order that employees are fully aware of what is expected from them. These rules
are known as "Disciplinary Code".
The disciplinary code is not a substitute for management, but it is an expression of the
company's policy on discipline.
To minimize the disciplinary problems, the rules which the employees are required
to keep and the standards which they are expected to maintain, must be clearly
understood, communicated and accepted.
The main objective of a disciplinary code is to bring an employee back to
acceptable standards of performance and behavior and not to punish an employee
or get rid of him.

GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE

Grievance Procedure can be defined as any dissatisfaction or feeling of injustice the

employee may have in connection with his employment situation.
The Grievance Procedure engenders a feeling of "Security "with the Security Officer
by allowing him a formal step-by-step procedure airing his complaints.
The objective of the grievance procedure is to help parties resolve their grievances
in the interest of productivity and stability.
Grievances are best handled at lower levels as quickly as possible.
Unsolved grievances create conflict and it is very important that they are solved as
quickly as possible.
Departmental heads must fully appreciate he need for satisfactory employer.
Employee labor relations and the importance of the manner in which employee
complaints are handled by them.

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