MAT 12 (Manual e Caderno de Actividades)

Resoluções
dos exercícios
do Manual
MATEMÁTICA A
12.º ANO
EXCLUSIVO
para o
Professor
1ŶĚŝĐĞ
dĞŵĂϭͲĄůĐƵůŽŽŵďŝŶĂƚſƌŝŽ
ǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀϮ
нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ͙Ϯϱ
dĞŵĂϮͲWƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐ
ǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀϯϯ
нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ͙ϲϯ
dĞŵĂϯͲ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐZĞĂŝƐĚĞsĂƌŝĄǀĞůZĞĂů
ǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀϳϲ
нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ͙ϭϮϱ
dĞŵĂϰͲ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐĞ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐ>ŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂƐ
ǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀϭϱϱ
нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ͙Ϯϰϭ
dĞŵĂϱͲdƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĞƚƌŝĂĞ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐdƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚŝĐĂƐ
ǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀϮϳϰ
нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ͘͘ÀϯϬϴ
dĞŵĂϲͲWƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂƐĞĄůĐƵůŽ/ŶƚĞŐƌĂů
ǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀϯϰϳ
dĞŵĂϳͲEƷŵĞƌŽƐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ
ǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀϯϳϬ
нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ͙ϰϬϯ
Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 1

WƌŽƉŽƐƚĂƐĚĞƌĞƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚŽƐĞǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐĚŽDĂŶƵĂů
dĞŵĂϭͮĄůĐƵůŽŽŵďŝŶĂƚſƌŝŽ
ϭ͘WƌŽƉƌŝĞĚĂĚĞƐĚĂƐŽƉĞƌĂĕƁĞƐƐŽďƌĞĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐ
WĄŐ͘ϲ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͍͘͘͘/ŶĐůƵƐĆŽĚĞĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐ
ϭ͘
ĂͿsĞƌĚĂĚĞ͘
ďͿ( q ) ~ ¸͕Á ¹ ~ ( Â ( r ) ~ ¸Á Á Á Á ¹ ~ )
Ϯ͘
ĂͿsĞƌĚĂĚĞ͘
ďͿ( q ) ~ ´͕ µ ~ ( Â ( r ) ~ ´Á b B´ ~ )
ϯ͘ĂͿ&ĂůƐŽ͘
ďͿ( q ) ~ ¸͕ ¹ Â ( r ) ~ ¸͕Á Á
Á Á ¹
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞ͗^Ğ( ) ĞŶƚĆŽ( q ) ~ (Ğ( r ) ~ ) ͘
WĄŐ͘ϳ
ϭ͘ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌƉƌŽǀĂƌƋƵĞ( ) ¬ ( r ) ~ ) ͘
^ƵƉŽŶŚĂŵŽƐ͕ ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ ƉŽƌ ŚŝƉſƚĞƐĞ͕ ƋƵĞ ( ) Ğ ƉƌŽǀĞŵŽƐ ƋƵĞ ( r ) ~ ) ͕ ŽƵ ƐĞũĂ͕ ƋƵĞ
) ( r ) ;ŝͿĞƋƵĞ( r ) ) ;ŝŝͿ͘
;ŝͿ% ) ¬ % ( v % ) ¬ % ( r )
;ŝŝͿ% ( r ) ¬ % ( v % ) ¬ % ) v % ) ¬ % )
sĂŵŽƐĂŐŽƌĂƉƌŽǀĂƌƋƵĞ( r ) ~ ) ¬ ( ) ͘
^ƵƉŽŶŚĂŵŽƐ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƉŽƌŚŝƉſƚĞƐĞ͕ƋƵĞ( r ) ~ ) ĞƉƌŽǀĞŵŽƐƋƵĞ( ) ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ% ( ¬ % ( v % ) ¬ % ( r ) ¬ % ) ͘
WĄŐ͘ϴ
Ϯ͘ŽŵƵƚĂƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĞĚĂƵŶŝĆŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% < ͗
% (r) ¯ % (v% ) ¯ % )v% ( ¯ % )r(
2 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĞĚĂƵŶŝĆŽ
% ( r ) r * ¯ % ( r ) v % * ¯
¯ % ( v % ) v % * ¯ % ( v % ) v % * ¯
¯ % ( v % ) r * ¯ % ( r ) r *
/ĚĞŵƉŽƚġŶĐŝĂĚĂƵŶŝĆŽ
ŽŵŽ( (͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ( r ( ~ (͘
ůĞŵĞŶƚŽŶĞƵƚƌŽĚĂƵŶŝĆŽ
ŽŵŽJ (͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ( r J ~ (͘
ůĞŵĞŶƚŽĂďƐŽƌǀĞŶƚĞĚĂƵŶŝĆŽ
ŽŵŽ( < ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ( r < ~ < ͘
ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĞĚĂƵŶŝĆŽĞŵƌĞůĂĕĆŽăŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽ
% ( r ) q * ¯ % ( v % ) q * ¯ % ( v % ) w % * ¯
¯ % ( v % ) w % ( v % * ¯ % ( r ) w % ( r * ¯
¯ % ( r ) q ( r *
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͍͘͘͘ŽŵƉůĞƚĂŶĚŽŝŐƵĂůĚĂĚĞƐ
ϭ͘
ĂͿ( q ) ~ ¸¹ Â ( r ) ~ ¸͕Á Á ¹
ďͿ( q ) ~ ¸Á Á Á Á
¹ Â ( r ) ~ ¸Á
¹
ĐͿ( ~ ¸Á Á Á
¹ Â ) ~ ¸Á Á
¹
Ϯ͘ĂͿ( q ) ~ ( r )
ďͿ( r ) ~ ( q )
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞƐŝŵ͘
WĄŐ͘ϵ
ϯ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% < ͗
% ( r ) ¯ % ¤ ( r ) ¯ % ( r ) ¯
¯ % ( v % ) ¯ % ( w % ) ¯
¯ % (w % ) ¯ % (q)
ϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% = ĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ& < ¢

%Á & * d ( r ) ¯ % * w & ( r ) ¯
¯ % * w & ( v & ) ¯
¯ % * w & ( v % * w & ) ¯
¯ %͕& * d ( v %Á & * d ) ¯
¯ %Á & * d ( r * d )

WĄŐ͘ϭϬ
ϱ͘ĂͿ2( r ) 3 r ( ~ 2) r (3 r ( ~ ) r 2( r (3 ~ ) r < ~ <
ďͿ( q ) r ( ~ 2( r (3 q 2) r (3 ~ < q 2) r (3 ~ ) r (
ĐͿ) q 2( r ) 3 ~ ) q 2( q ) 3 ~ ) q 2) q (3 ~ 2) q ) 3 q ( ~ J q ( ~ J
ĚͿ²( r )³ q 2( r ) 3 ~ ²( q (³ r ) ~ J r ) ~ )
ϲ͘²(±)³ q ) ~ 2( q ) 3 q ) ~ ( q 2) q ) 3 ~ ( q J ~ J
ϳ͘ŽŵŽ( ) ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ( r ) ~ ) ͕ĚŽŶĚĞǀĞŵƋƵĞ( r ) q ) ~ ) q ) ~ J͘
WĄŐ͘ϭϭ
ϴ͘2( d * 3 r 2) d * 3 ~ 2( r ) 3 d * ~ 2( q ) 3 d *
ŽŵŽ( ) ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ( q ) ~ (͕ĚŽŶĚĞǀĞŵƋƵĞ 2( q ) 3 d * ~ ( d * ͘
ϵ͘ĂͿŽŵŽ( ) Á ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% < ͕% ( ¬ % ) ͘

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕% ( r * ¬ % ( v % * ¬ % ) v % * ¬ % ) r * ͘
ďͿŽŵŽ( ) ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ) (͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ) r ) ( r ) ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕< ( r ) ͘

ŽŵŽ( r ) < ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ( r ) ~ < ͘
WĄŐ͘ϭϯ
ϭϬ͘ĂͿ( q ) ~ ¸% ¢ % ĠŵƷůƚŝƉůŽĚĞ
ĞĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĚĞ¹
DƷůƚŝƉůŽƐĚĞ
¦ ¸
͕Á Á Á Á
Á ÀÀÀ ¹
ŝǀŝƐŽƌĞƐĚĞ ¦ ¸Á Á ͕ Á
Á Á Á ¹
( q ) ~ ¸
Á ¹
ďͿ( r ) ~ ¸% ¢ % ĠŵƷůƚŝƉůŽĚĞ
ŽƵĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĚĞ¹
( r ) ~ ¸Á Á Á Á
Á Á Á Á Á Á Á
Á Á ÀÀÀ¹
( r ) q * ~ ¸Á Á Á Á

Á Á Á Á ¹
* ~ ¸% ¢ % ¹

ĐͿ) q * ~ ¸% ¢ % ĠĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĚĞĞŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ¹ ~ ¸¹
) q * d ¸Á ¹ ~ ¸¹ d ¸Á ¹ ~ ¸²Á ³͕²Á ³¹

ĚͿ( q * ~ ¸% ¢ % ĠŵƷůƚŝƉůŽĚĞϲĞŵĞŶŽƌŽƵŝŐƵĂůĂ¹ ~ ¸ϲ͕ϭϮ͕ϭϴ¹
) q * ~ ¸% ¢ % ĠĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĚĞĞŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ¹ ~ ¸¹
2( q * 3 d ) q * ~ ¸ϲ͕ϭϮ͕ϭϴ¹ d ¸¹ ~ ¸;ϲ͕ϯϬͿ͕;ϭϮ͕ϯϬͿ͕;ϭϴ͕ϯϬͿ¹
ϭϭ͘ % ~ % b % ¯ % c % c % ~ ¯ % % c % c ~ ¯ % ~ v % c % c ~ ¯
fjcdd²c³
¯ % ~ v% ~ ¯
d
f
¯ % ~ v% ~
¯ % ~ v% ~ cv% ~
( ~ ¸ c Á Á ¹
% b % ¯ % b % c ¯ % ´ c Á µ
j
¨
cf cdd²c ³
% b % c ~ ¯ % ~ ¯
d
cf
¯%~ ¯ % ~ c v% ~

& ~ % b % c
) ~ ´ c ͕µ
ƐĞŶ% w % ¯ % <Á = r < Á =

¨

ƐĞŶ% ~ ¯ ƐĞŶ% ~
¯ % ~
b v % ~
b Á {
* ~ <Á

= r <
Á =


j% b b ~ % ¯ j% b ~ % c ¯ 2j% b 3 ~ % c w % b w % c ¯
¯ % b ~ % c % b w 4% c
w % 5 ¯ % c % ~ w % ¯

¯ %²% c ³ ~ w % ¯ % ~ v % ~ w % ¯ % ~
+ ~ ¸¹
ĂͿ( r ) ~ ¸ c Á Á ¹ r ´ c Á µ ~ ´ c Á µ
ďͿ( q * ~ ¸ c Á Á ¹ q 4<Á

= r <
Á =5 ~ ¸¹

ĐͿ) q * ~ ´ c Á µ q 4<Á

= r <
Á =5 ~ <͕
= r <
Á =

ĚͿ) r * ~ ´ c Á µ r 4<Á

= r <
Á =5 ~ ´ c Á µ

ĞͿ) q * ~ µ c BÁ c ´ r µÁ b B´ q 4<Á

= r <
Á =5 ~ µÁ µ

ĨͿ( r + ~ ¸ c Á Á ¹ r ¸¹ ~ ¸ c Á Á Á ¹
( r + d ¸ Á
¹ ~ ¸² c Á ³Á ² c Á
³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á
³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á
³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á
³¹
ŐͿ+ d + ~ ¸²ϰÁ ϰ³¹
ŚͿ(Ͱo d ) q o ~ ¸ c Á ¹ d ¸Á ͕¹ ~

~ ¸² c Á ³Á ² c Á ³Á ² c Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³¹
ϭϮ͘% ¯ % c ¯ ²% c ³²% b ³ ¯ % µ c BÁ c µ r ´ Á b B´
¨
) ~ µ c Á ´
( q )с΂ c ϰ͕ c ϭ͕Ϭ͕ϭ͕ϰ΃
ϭϯ͘
ĂͿ²( r )³±) ~ ²( r )³ q ) ~ 2( q ) 3 r 2) q ) 3 ~ 2( q ) 3 r J ~ ( q ) ~ (±)
ďͿ(±) ±* ~ ²( q )³ q * ~ ( q 2) q * 3 ~ ( q 2) r * 3 ~ (±) r *
ĐͿ(±) r ) ~ ²( q )³ r ) ~ ( r ) q 2) r ) 3 ~ ( r ) q < ~ ( r )

ϭϰ͘(±) ~ ( ¯ ( q ) ~ ( ¯ ( ) ¯ ) (
ϭϱ͘^Ğ( ) ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ( q ) ~ (͘ŽŵŽ( q ) ~ J͕ǀĞŵ( ~ J͘
ϭϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% = ĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ& < ͕

²%Á &³ * d ( q ) ¯ % * w & ( q ) ¯ % * w & ( w & ) ¯
¯ % * w % * w & ( w & ) ¯ % * w & ( w % * w & ) ¯
¯ ²%Á &³ * d ( w ²%Á &³ * d ) ¯ ²%Á &³ * d ( q * d )
ϭϳ͘sĂŵŽƐƉƌŽǀĂƌƋƵĞ͗
;ŝͿ( r ) ~ < ¬ ) (
;ŝŝͿ) ( ¬ ( r ) ~ <
;ŝͿ( r ) ~ < ¬ ( r ) q ) ~ < q ) ¬ 2( q ) 3 r 2) q ) 3 ~ ) ¬ 2( q ) 3 r J ~ ) ¬
¬ (q) ~ ) ¬ ) (
;ŝŝͿ) ( ¬ ) r ) ( r ) ¬ < ( r ) ¬ ( r ) ~ <
ϭϴ͘sĂŵŽƐƉƌŽǀĂƌƋƵĞ͗
;ŝͿ( ~ J ¬ ĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ) ĐŽŶƚŝĚŽĞŵ< ƚĂůƋƵĞ) ~ 2( q ) 3 r ²( q )³
;ŝŝͿĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ) ĐŽŶƚŝĚŽĞŵ< ƚĂůƋƵĞ) ~ 2( q ) 3 r ²( q )³ ¬ ( ~ J
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
;ŝͿ^Ğ( ~ J͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ) ĐŽŶƚŝĚŽĞŵ< ͗
2( q ) 3 r ²( q )³ ~ 2J q ) 3 r ²< q )³ ~ J r ) ~ )
;ŝŝͿĚŵŝƚĂŵŽƐĂŐŽƌĂƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ) ĐŽŶƚŝĚŽĞŵ< ƚĂůƋƵĞ) ~ 2( q ) 3 r ²( q )³͘
sĂŵŽƐƉƌŽǀĂƌƋƵĞ( ~ J͘
ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌŵŽƐƚƌĂƌƋƵĞ͕ƐĞ) ~ 2( q ) 3 r ²( q )³͕ĞŶƚĆŽ) ( q ) ͘
% ) ¬ % 2( q ) 3 r ²( q )³ ¬
% (q) v % (q) ¬ % (q)
ŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞů͕ƉŽŝƐ% )
ŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% < ͕% ) ¬ % ( q ) ͕ĞƐƚĄƉƌŽǀĂĚŽƋƵĞ) ( q ) ͘

WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƐĞŵƉƌĞ( q ) ) ͘
ŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ƋƵĞ( q ) ~ ) ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ) (͕ĚŽŶĚĞǀĞŵ( ) ͘
sĞŵ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͗
) ~ 2( q ) 3 r ²( q )³ ¯ ) ~ ( r ²( q )³ ¯ ) ~ 2( r (3 q ( r ) ¯
¯ ) ~ < q ( r ) ¯ ) ~ ( r ) ¯ ( )
ŽŶĐůƵşŵŽƐ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ƋƵĞ( ) ĞƋƵĞ( ) ͕ĚŽŶĚĞǀĞŵ( ) q ) ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕( J͘
ŽŵŽJ (͕ǀĞŵ͕ĨŝŶĂůŵĞŶƚĞ͕( ~ J͘

Ϯ͘/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĕĆŽĂŽĐĄůĐƵůŽĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚſƌŝŽ
WĄŐ͘ϭϰ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͍͘͘͘ĂƐĂĚĂƐĞĐĂƐĂĚŽƐ
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵƵůŚĞƌĞƐĐĂƐĂĚĂƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŚŽŵĞŶƐ
ĐĂƐĂĚŽƐ͘
WĄŐ͘ϭϲ
ϭϵ͘ d
~
WĄŐ͘ϭϳ
ϮϬ͘ d d ~
Ϯϭ͘ĂͿ
d d d ~
ďͿ
d
d
d
~
WĄŐ͘ϭϴ
ϮϮ͘
ĂͿ d d d d ~
ďͿ d d d d
~
ĐͿϯ d d d d ~
Ϯϯ͘
ĂͿ d d d d d d ~
ďͿ d d d d
d d ~
ĐͿ d d d
d d d ~
Ͳ Ž ƷůƚŝŵŽ ƚĞŵ ĚĞ ƐĞƌ şŵƉĂƌ͕ Ž ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ ƚĞŵ ĚĞ ƐĞƌ
ĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽ ĚĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ ŽƐ ƋƵĂƚƌŽ ĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ ƉĂƌĞƐ ;Á Á
Á ³ ŽƵ ŽƐ ƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ ƋƵĂƚƌŽ ĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ
şŵƉĂƌĞƐ͕ŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽĚşŐŝƚŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽĚĞĞŶƚƌĞŽƐŽŝƚŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƐŽďƌĂŶƚĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘
Ϯϰ͘ d d d ;ĐŽŵ ƋƵĂƚƌŽ ĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͕ ƐĞŶĚŽ Ž ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ ĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽ ĚĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ ŽƐ ƐĞƚĞ ƋƵĞ ƐĆŽ
ƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ ŽƵ ŝŐƵĂŝƐ Ă Ϳ b d d d d
;ĐŽŵ ĐŝŶĐŽ ĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͕ ƐĞŶĚŽ Ž ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ Ž ϭ͕ Ž
ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ ĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽ ŶŽ ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ ¸Á Á Á Á ¹͕ Ž ƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽ ĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽ ĞŶƚƌĞ ŽƐ ŽŝƚŽ ƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ͕
ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ b d d d d
;ĐŽŵ ĐŝŶĐŽ ĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͕ ƐĞŶĚŽ Ž ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ Ž ϭ͕ Ž ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ Ž ϲ͕ Ž ƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽ
ĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽŶŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ¸Á Á Á ¹͕ŽƋƵĂƌƚŽĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽĞŶƚƌĞŽƐƐĞƚĞƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ͕ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ ~

WĄŐ͘ϭϵ
Ϯϱ͘ d ;ĂŶĞůĞƉƵůƐĞŝƌĂͿ b d ;ĂŶĞůĞĐŽůĂƌͿ b d ;ƉƵůƐĞŝƌĂĞĐŽůĂƌͿ ~
WĄŐ͘ϮϬ
Ϯϲ͘ (Z ~ ~
Ϯϳ͘ (Z ~ ~
Ϯϴ͘
(Z ~
~

WĄŐ͘Ϯϭ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͍͘͘͘ĂƌĚŝŶĂůĚŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚĂƐƉĂƌƚĞƐĚĞƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ
ĂͿ( ~ ¸Á ¹ Â F ²(³ ~ ¸JÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸Á ¹¹ Â #F ²(³ ~
ďͿ) ~ ¸Á Á ¹ Â F ²)³ ~ ¸JÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹¹ Â #F ²)³ ~
ĐͿ* ~ ¸Á Á Á ¹ Â
F²*³ ~ ¸JÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹Á
¸Á Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹Á ¸Á Á Á ¹¹ Â #F ²*³ ~
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞƐĞŽĐĂƌĚŝŶĂůĚĞƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĠ͕ŽĐĂƌĚŝŶĂůĚĂƐƉĂƌƚĞƐĚĞƐƐĞ
ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĠ ͘
WĄŐ͘ϮϮ
Ϯϵ͘( ~ ¸Á Á Á ¹ Â #( ~ Â #F ²(³ ~ ~
ϯϬ͘) ~ ¸Á Á Á Á
Á Á Á ¹ Â #) ~ Â #F ²)³ ~
^ƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĐŽŵ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĠĂƉĞŶĂƐŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽǀĂǌŝŽ͖ƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĐŽŵƵŵĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĆŽϴ͕
ůŽŐŽ Ž ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐ ĚŽ ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ ) ƋƵĞ ƚġŵ ƉĞůŽ ŵĞŶŽƐ ĚŽŝƐ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ Ġ
c c ~ ͘
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͍͘͘͘hŵĞƐƚƵĚŽĚĂƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĂŵďƌŝĚŐĞ
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞĂƉĂůĂǀƌĂͨŐƌĂŶĚĞͩƉŽĚĞĞƐĐƌĞǀĞƌͲƐĞĚĞϮϰŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ
; d d d d d ³͘

WĄŐ͘Ϯϯ
ϯϭ͘
ĂͿ [ ~

ďͿ[ d [ ~
ĐͿ[ d [ b [ d [ ~ [ d [ d Ϯ ~ ϱϳϲϬ;ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽŽƐĚŽƐƚĠƌŝǆĞĚĞƉŽŝƐŽƐĚŽdŝŶƚŝŵŽƵƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ
ŽƐĚŽdŝŶƚŝŵĞĚĞƉŽŝƐŽƐĚŽƐƚĠƌŝǆͿ
ĚͿ
[ d [ ~ ;
[ƉĂƌĂŽƌĚĞŶĂƌŽďůŽĐŽĚŽƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚŽƐƚĠƌŝǆĞŽƐĐŝŶĐŽůŝǀƌŽƐĚŽdŝŶƚŝŵ͕ [
ƉĂƌĂŽƌĚĞŶĂƌŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽůŝǀƌŽƐĚŽƐƚĠƌŝǆͿ
ĞͿ[ d [ ~ ;ĐŽŵŽƐĆŽĐŝŶĐŽůŝǀƌŽƐĚŽdŝŶƚŝŵĞƋƵĂƚƌŽĚŽƐƚĠƌŝǆ͕ƚĞŵĚĞĐŽŵĞĕĂƌĞĂĐĂďĂƌ
ĐŽŵƵŵůŝǀƌŽĚŽdŝŶƚŝŵ͕ŽƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚŽƐƚĠƌŝǆƉŽĚĞŵĨŝĐĂƌĐŽůŽĐĂĚŽƐĚĞ[ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĞŽƐĚŽdŝŶƚŝŵĚĞ
[ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐͿ
WĄŐ͘Ϯϰ
ϯϮ͘
ĂͿϴ[ ~ ϰϬϯϮϬ
ďͿϮ d [ d ϰ[ ~ ϭϭϱϮ;ƌĂƉĂǌĞƐĚŽůĂĚŽĚŝƌĞŝƚŽĚĂŵĞƐĂĞƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐĚŽůĂĚŽĞƐƋƵĞƌĚŽŽƵǀŝĐĞͲǀĞƌƐĂͿ
ĐͿ[ d ϰ[ d Ϯ ~
;[ƉĂƌĂŽƌĚĞŶĂƌŽƐƌĂƉĂǌĞƐ͕ [ƉĂƌĂŽƌĚĞŶĂƌĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐ͕ĐĂĚĂƉĂƌƌĂƉĂǌͲ
ƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƉŽĚĞƚƌŽĐĂƌ d d d Ϳ
ĚͿ[ c d d
[ ~
;ƚŽĚĂƐĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐŵĞŶŽƐĂƋƵĞůĂƐĞŵƋƵĞĂŶĂĞŽZƵŝĨŝĐĂŵƵŵ
ĞŵĨƌĞŶƚĞĚŽŽƵƚƌŽͿ
WĄŐ͘Ϯϱ
ϯϯ͘ĂͿ [ ~ ϮϬ
ďͿ[ b [ d Ϯ ~ ;[ ƉĂƌĂŽƐĐŽŵĞĕĂĚŽƐƉŽƌϰ͕[ d ϮƉĂƌĂŽƐĐŽŵĞĕĂĚŽƐƉŽƌϱͿ
ϯϰ͘ĂͿ [ ~ ϮϬ
ďͿϮ[ d [ ~ ;ĂŽƌĚĞŵĚĂƐĐŽŶƐŽĂŶƚĞƐĞĚĂƐǀŽŐĂŝƐĠĨŝǆĂ͗ĐŽŶƐŽĂŶƚĞͲǀŽŐĂůͲĐŽŶƐŽĂŶƚĞͲǀŽŐĂůͲ
ĐŽŶƐŽĂŶƚĞ͕[ƉĂƌĂŽƌĚĞŶĂƌĂƐǀŽŐĂŝƐ͕[ƉĂƌĂŽƌĚĞŶĂƌĂƐĐŽŶƐŽĂŶƚĞƐͿ
ϯϱ͘ĂͿ [ ~ d d [
ďͿ c [ d ² c ³ ~ ² c ³[

WĄŐ͘Ϯϲ
ϯϲ͘
ϬϬ͊ ϬϬd d [ ϬϬd d [ ϬϬd
ĂͿ
[ b [ ~ d [ b [ ~ [² b³ ~ ~

ďͿ4 b 5 d [ b
Z ~
[ b [ [ [ b [ [ b
[ [ ( [ b [ b
~ dd[ b d[ b
~

~
b b
~

²b³[c[ ²b³[ ²b³²b³[c[ ²b³²³[
ĐͿ
²b³[ c ²³[²b³ ~ ²b³[ c
²³[²b³ ~
[ ²b³²b³c ! b ²b³²b³c b

~ c ~ c
²b³[ b b b ~
bbbccc b ²b³
~ ~ ~
b b b ~
ϯϳ͘WĂƌĂ ~ ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ϭ
c c
~
[ ~ c ϭ[ ¯ [ ~ c ¯ ~ ͕ŽƋƵĞĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞ
,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞĚĞŝŶĚƵĕĆŽ͗

c
[ ~ c [
dĞƐĞĚĞŝŶĚƵĕĆŽ͗
~
[ ~ c b[
b
c
~
ĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂĕĆŽ͗ ~

b
c c bc
b ~ c b ~ b c ~
~
[ ~
[ b [ [ b [ b [ [
b[ c b[ ~ b b[ ~ b b[ ~ c b[

b cc c
~ b
WĄŐ͘Ϯϳ
ϯϴ͘
( ~
WĄŐ͘Ϯϴ
ϯϵ͘ d
( ~
ϰϬ͘ d [ d ( ~ ;ϯͲĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂĨŝůĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂů͕ [ͲƉĞƌŵƵƚĂĕĆŽĚŽƐƚŽŶƐĚĞĂǌƵů͕

( ͲĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐƚƌġƐƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽƐƋƵĞĨŝĐĂŵƉŝŶƚĂĚŽƐĐŽŵĂƐŽƵƚƌĂƐƚƌġƐĐŽƌĞƐͿ

ϰϭ͘ ( ~
WĄŐ͘ϯϬ
ϰϮ͘
ĂͿ *
~ ďͿ * d * d * ~

ĐͿ * ~

ĚͿ *
~

ĞͿ * d * ;ĚŽŝƐĚĞ:ŽƐĠ^ĂƌĂŵĂŐŽͿ b * d * ;ƚƌġƐĚĞ:ŽƐĠ^ĂƌĂŵĂŐŽͿ ~

WĄŐ͘ϯϭ
ϰϯ͘ * d * ;ƋƵĂƚƌŽŚŽŵĞŶƐĞƵŵĂŵƵůŚĞƌͿ b * d * ;ƚƌġƐŚŽŵĞŶƐĞĚƵĂƐŵƵůŚĞƌĞƐͿ ~

~
WĄŐ͘ϯϮ
ϰϰ͘ *
d ( ~
ϰϱ͘ * d * d

* d * ͕
d
ϰϲ͘ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ Â * b * b * ~
WĄŐ͘ϯϯ
ϰϳ͘
ĂͿ * d * ~
ďͿ
* d * ~
;ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌϮͿ
ϰϴ͘ * ;ůĞƚƌĂŝͿ d * ;ůĞƚƌĂŶͿ d [ ~

ϰϵ͘ * d * ;ƋƵĂƚƌŽ ĞŵƉĂƚĞƐ͕ ƚƌġƐ ǀŝƚſƌŝĂƐ ĚĂ ĄƌďĂƌĂͿ b * d * ;ƋƵĂƚƌŽ ĞŵƉĂƚĞƐ͕ ĚƵĂƐ
ǀŝƚſƌŝĂƐĚĂĄƌďĂƌĂ͕ƵŵĂǀŝƚſƌŝĂĚŽĨŽŶƐŽͿ ~

WĄŐ͘ϯϰ
ϱϬ͘ ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐ ƉŽƌ Ž ĐĂƌĚŝŶĂů ĚĞ ( Ğ ƉŽƌ Ž ĐĂƌĚŝŶĂů ĚĞ ) ͕ ǀĞŵ ƋƵĞ ( ~
Ğ

* ~ ͘

(

[ ~ * ¯ [ ~ ¯ [ ~
¯ ~

( ~
¯ ² c ³² c ³ ~
¯ c b c
~ ¯
¨
c c

¯ ² c ³² b b ³ ~ ¯ ¯ c ~ v b b ~ ¯ ~
Ğ) Ğŵ(ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ (Z ~ ϯ ~ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ͘
ϱϭ͘YƵĂŶĚŽƐĞƵŶĞŵĚŽŝƐƋƵĂŝƐƋƵĞƌǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐĚĞƵŵƉŽůşŐŽŶŽŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞƵŵĂĚŝĂŐŽŶĂůŽƵƵŵůĂĚŽ͘
>ŽŐŽ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĚŝĂŐŽŶĂŝƐĚĞƵŵƉŽůşŐŽŶŽĐŽŵůĂĚŽƐĠ * c ͘
[ ²c³
* c ~ ¯ c ~ ¯ c c ~ ¯ ~
²c³[d[ c ~ ¯
WĄŐ͘ϯϲ
ϱϮ͘ d d ~
ϱϯ͘ d
d ~
ϱϰ͘ϱ d ~
ϱϱ͘Ϯϴ d ϮϱϮ d Ϯϯ d ϮϮ ~ ϲϵϰϮϯϮ d ϭϬ
ϱϲ͘ d d ~
ϱϳ͘ d ~
ϱϴ͘ d
d ~
ϱϵ͘ d d d ~

ϲϬ͘ d ~
ϲϭ͘ d ~
ϲϮ͘ d d d d ~
ϲϯ͘ d d d d d ~
ϲϰ͘ĂͿ d d ~
ďͿ d d ~
ϲϱ͘ d d ;şŵƉĂƌͲƉĂƌͲƉĂƌͿ b d d ;şŵƉĂƌͲşŵƉĂƌͲşŵƉĂƌͿ ~
ϲϲ͘ d d d ~ Â
d d d ;ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂŵĞŵǌĞƌŽͿ b d d d ;ƚĞƌŵŝŶĂŵĞŵϱͿ ~
WĄŐ͘ϯϳ
ϲϳ͘ d ;ĚŽŝƐƉƌŽŐƌĂŵĂƐĚĞŵĞŝĂŚŽƌĂͿ b
d d ;ƚƌġƐƉƌŽŐƌĂŵĂƐĚĞϮϬŵŝŶƵƚŽƐͿ ~
ϲϴ͘
(
Z
~
Á d
ϲϵ͘ ¯ j

¯ Á ͘KŶƷŵĞƌŽŵşŶŝŵŽĠ
͘
ϳϬ͘ (Z ~ ~
ϳϭ͘ (Z ~ ~

ϳϮ͘( ~ ¸Á Á ¹ Â F ²(³ ~ ¸JÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹¹
ϳϯ͘ ~

ϳϰ͘^ĞũĂŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ͘
c ;ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽǀĂǌŝŽͿ c ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĐŽŵϭĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽͿ ~
~
| ~ % | ~ % | ~ % | ~ % |c
ϳϱ͘
} ~ % ¯ } ~ d ¯ } ~ d ¯ } ~ b ¯ } ~ b ¯
~ b ~ ~ b ~ ~ b ~ ~ b ~ ~ b ~
|c |c |c |c
¯ } ~ c ¯ } ~ c ¯ } ~ c ¯ } c
~ b ~ ~ b c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
ϳϲ͘²Á Á ³Á ²Á Á ³Á ²Á Á ³Á ²Á Á ³Á ²Á Á ³Á ²Á Á ³
ϳϳ͘WŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗²Á Á %Á &Á '³Á ²Á Á %Á 'Á &³Á ²Á Á %Á &Á '³ Â [ ~
ϳϴ͘ [ ~
ϳϵ͘
ĂͿ[ b [ ~
b ~
£ [ ~

ďͿ d [ ~ d
~ £
[ ~
ĐͿ[ d [ ~
d ~ £ [ ~
ϴϬ͘
ĂͿ d
d d d d d d ~
[ ~
ďͿ d d d d d d d ~ [ ~
WĄŐ͘ϯϴ
ϴϭ͘
ĂͿ[ ~

ďͿ ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂƉƌĂƚĞůĞŝƌĂŽŶĚĞƐĆŽĐŽůŽĐĂĚŽƐŽƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞDĂƚĞŵĄƚŝĐĂͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚŽƐůŝǀƌŽƐ
ĚĞDĂƚĞŵĄƚŝĐĂͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚŽƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐůŝǀƌŽƐͿ ~

ĐͿ[;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƐͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚŽƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞDĂƚĞŵĄƚŝĐĂͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚŽƐ
ůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞYƵşŵŝĐĂͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚŽƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞŝŽůŽŐŝĂͿ ~
ϴϮ͘[ ~
ϵ[ [ [ ²b³[

ϴϯ͘ĂͿ ďͿ ĐͿ ĚͿ
[ [ [
²c³[
ϴϰ͘ĂͿ ( ďͿ ( ĐͿ ( ĚͿ (
ĞͿϭ (Ϯ ĨͿb ( ŐͿ ( ŚͿ (

ϴϱ͘
ĂͿ d d d ;ŶŽƚĂƋƵĞ c b ~ ³

ďͿ d ² c ³ d ² c ³;ŶŽƚĂƋƵĞ c ² c ³ b ~ ³

ĐͿ d d ÀÀÀ d d ;ŶŽƚĂƋƵĞ c b ~ ³
ϴϲ͘ ( ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ƐĞŶƚĂƌ ĂƐ ƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͿ d [ ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ƐĞŶƚĂƌ ŽƐ
ƌĂƉĂǌĞƐͿ ~
ϴϳ͘
ĂͿ (
~

ďͿ d ( ~

ĐͿ
;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌ Ă ĨĂĐĞ ƋƵĞ ĨŝĐĂ ƉŝŶƚĂĚĂ ĚĞ ǀĞƌĚĞͿ d ( ;ƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ
ĨĂĐĞƐͿ ~
ϴϴ͘
ĂͿ ( ~

ďͿ d ( ~

ĐͿ ( ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌ ŽƐ ůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂƐĨŝŐƵƌĂƐͿ d ( ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĂƐĐĂƌƚĂƐƋƵĞǀĆŽŽĐƵƉĂƌŽƐĚŽŝƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐƐŽďƌĂŶƚĞƐͿ ~
ϴϵ͘
ĂͿ;ŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽĚşŐŝƚŽƐſƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŽƵ³ d ( ~

ďͿ ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽĚşŐŝƚŽͿ d ( d ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƷůƚŝŵŽĚşŐŝƚŽͿ ~

ĐͿ ( ;ƉĂƌĂŽƐƋƵĞĐŽŵĞĕĂŵƉŽƌϮͿ b ;ĐŽŵĞĕĂŵƉŽƌϭͿ d ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ
ĐŽůŽĐĂƌŽϮͿ d ( ~

WĄŐ͘ϯϵ
ϵϬ͘ ( b b ~ ¯ ² c ³ b c ~ ¯ c b c ~ ¯
cfjcdd²c ³
¯ b c ~ ¯ ~ ¯

cf
¯~ ¯ ~ ;ƉŽƌƋƵĞ o³

ϵϭ͘
ĂͿ * ~
ďͿ * ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐƌĂƉĂǌĞƐͿ d * ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͿ ~

ϵϮ͘ * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ĐŽůŽĐĂƌ ĂƐ ĚĞǌ ƉĞĕĂƐ ďƌĂŶĐĂƐ ŶŽƐ ϮϬ ůƵŐĂƌĞƐ
ĚŝƐƉŽŶşǀĞŝƐͿ d ( ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ĐŽůŽĐĂƌ ĂƐ ĐŝŶĐŽ ƉĞĕĂƐ ĐŽůŽƌŝĚĂƐ ŶŽƐ ϭϬ ůƵŐĂƌĞƐ
ƐŽďƌĂŶƚĞƐͿ ~ ͘
ϵϯ͘ * ~
ϵϰ͘ * d * ~

ϵϱ͘
ĂͿ *
Á d
ďͿ * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌ ĐŝŶĐŽ ĐŽƉĂƐ ĚĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĂƐ ϭϯ ĐŽƉĂƐͿ d * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ
ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌ ĂƐ ƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ ŽŝƚŽ ĐĂƌƚĂƐ ĚĞ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĂƐ ϯϵ ĐĂƌƚĂƐ ƋƵĞ ŶĆŽ ƐĆŽ ĚĞ
ĐŽƉĂƐͿ Á d
ĐͿ * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞͨŵĆŽƐͩƐĞŵƉĂƵƐͿ b d * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞͨŵĆŽƐͩĐŽŵĂƉĞŶĂƐƵŵĂĐĂƌƚĂ

ĚĞƉĂƵƐͿ b * d * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞͨŵĆŽƐͩĐŽŵĚƵĂƐĐĂƌƚĂƐĚĞƉĂƵƐͿ Á d
ĚͿ * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌ ƚƌġƐ ĚŽƐ ƋƵĂƚƌŽ ƌĞŝƐͿ d * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ ĚĞ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĚŽŝƐĚŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽĂƐĞƐͿ d * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐŽŝƚŽĐĂƌƚĂƐĚĞ
ĞŶƚƌĞĂƐϰϰĐĂƌƚĂƐƋƵĞŶĆŽƐĆŽƌĞŝƐŶĞŵĂƐĞƐͿ ~
ϵϲ͘ * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐͨϯͩͿ d * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌ

ŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐͨϮͩͿ d ~

ϵϳ͘
* ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞůŽƚĞƐƋƵĞŶĆŽƚġŵŵĞŝĂƐĂǌƵŝƐͿ b d
* ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞůŽƚĞƐƋƵĞƚġŵƵŵƉĂƌĚĞ
ŵĞŝĂƐĂǌƵŝƐͿ ~
ϵϴ͘ * d * ;ĚŽŝƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞ/ƐĂďĞůůůĞŶĚĞͿ b * d * ;ƚƌġƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞ/ƐĂďĞůůůĞŶĚĞͿ ~

ϵϵ͘ d * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌĂƐĚƵĂƐƚŽƌƌĞƐ͕ŶƵŵĂĚĂƐŽŝƚŽĨŝůĂƐͿ d
( ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞ
ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌŽƌĞŝĞĂĚĂŵĂŶƵŵĚŽƐ
c ~ ϱϲůƵŐĂƌĞƐ ĚĂƐŽƵƚƌĂƐĨŝůĂƐͿ ~

[ ²c³ ²c³ [
ϭϬϬ͘ * ~ ¯
²c³ [ d [ ~ ¯ ²c³ [ d ~ ¯
²c³
¯ ~ ¯ c c ~ ¯
fjcdd²c³

¯~ ¯

f


ϯ͘dƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĚĞWĂƐĐĂůĞŝŶſŵŝŽĚĞEĞǁƚŽŶ
WĄŐ͘ϰϮ
ϭϬϭ͘ ^ĞũĂŵ Ğ Ž ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ Ğ ƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽ
ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ ĚĞ ƵŵĂ ůŝŶŚĂ ĚŽ ƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽ ĚĞ ÀÀÀ
WĂƐĐĂů͘ dĂů ĐŽŵŽ ƐĞ ƉŽĚĞ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƌ ŶĂ ĨŝŐƵƌĂ b b ÀÀÀ
ũƵŶƚĂ͕ŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĂůŝŶŚĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞĠ
b ͘ KƌĂ͕ ƵŵĂ ǀĞǌ ƋƵĞ b b ~ %͕
ǀĞŵ b ~ % c ͘
ϭϬϮ͘ * b d * b * ~ * b * b * b * ~
~ * b * ~ *
ϭϬϯ͘ŽŵŽŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĂůŝŶŚĂĠϭ͕ŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƐƐĂůŝŶŚĂĠϱϬ͕ƚƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĂůŝŶŚĂ
ƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĂĕƁĞƐĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ͘ůŝŶŚĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĠĂůŝŶŚĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĂĕƁĞƐ
ĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ͘KƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĂůŝŶŚĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĠ * ~
͘
ϭϬϰ͘ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĂůŝŶŚĂ͕ŽƉĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƐƐĂůŝŶŚĂƚĂŵďĠŵ
Ġ͘
~

¯ ~
À dƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĂůŝŶŚĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĂĕƁĞƐĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ
* ƋƵĞƚĞŵ
ϮϳĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͘
[
ϭϬϱ͘ b b * ~ ¯ b b
²c³ [ d [ ~ ¯
²c³ ²c³ [ ²c³
¯ bb ~ ¯ b b ~ ¯
²c³ [ d
¯ b b c ~ ¯ b c
~ ¯
cfjcdd²c
³
¯~ ¯

cf

ůŝŶŚĂ ƋƵĞ ĐŽŶƚĠŵ ĂƐ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂĕƁĞƐ ĚĂ ĨŽƌŵĂ * ƚĞŵ ϭϴ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͕ Ğ ŽƐ ŵĂŝŽƌĞƐ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ
ĚĞƐƐĂůŝŶŚĂƐĆŽ *ϴ Ğ * ͘

*ϴ b * ~


WĄŐ͘ϰϯ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͍͘͘͘^ŽŵĂĚŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĞƵŵĂůŝŶŚĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĚĞWĂƐĐĂů
Linha

Soma dos seus elementos

WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĂůŝŶŚĂĚĞŽƌĚĞŵĠ ͘
ϭϬϲ͘ * ~ ~
~
WĄŐ͘ϰϰ
ϭϬϳ͘dƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĂůŝŶŚĂĚĞŽƌĚĞŵ͕ƋƵĞƚĞŵ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͕ƐĞŶĚŽŽŵĂŝŽƌĚĞůĞƐŽ * ͘
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͍͘͘͘WŽƚġŶĐŝĂĚĞƵŵďŝŶſŵŝŽ
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞ͗
² b ³ ~ b b
b b
WĄŐ͘ϰϲ
ϭϬϴ͘
ĂͿ²% b ³ ~ % b % b % b % ~
% b % b % b

ďͿ² c ³ ~ ² c ³ b ² c ³ b
² c ³ b ² c ³ b ² c ³ ~
~ c b c b

ĐͿ² b ³ ~ ²³ b ²³ b ²³ b ²³ b ²³ b
b ²³ ~
~ b b b b b
ϭϬϵ͘²ϯ b Ϯjϱ³ ~ d 4Ϯjϱ5 b d 4Ϯjϱ5 b d 4Ϯjϱ5 b d 4Ϯjϱ5 ~

~ b j b
d b j ~ b j
ϭϭϬ͘ * d ²%³c d ² c ³ ~ * d ²%³ d ² c ³ ~ c

%
ϭϭϭ͘ * d ²³c d 4 c d c d c c ~

5 ~ * d
c
~ ² c ³ d * d c d c d c ~ ² c ³ d * d cc d c ~

~ ² c ³ d * d c d c
WĂƌĂƋƵĞŽĞǆƉŽĞŶƚĞĚĞƐĞũĂǀĞŵ͗

c ~ ¯ ~ ¦ ² c ³ d * d cd d ~ c

Ġ c ͘

KĐŽĞĨŝĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞ c
ϭϭϮ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ c ~ ~
WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ĚĞƐĞŶǀŽůǀĞŶĚŽ c ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
c ~ * c * b * c * b * c * b ÀÀÀ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ * c * b * c * b * c * b ÀÀÀ ~ ͕ĚŽŶĚĞǀĞŵ͗

* b * н * b ÀÀÀ ~ * н * b * b ͘͘͘
KƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽŵĞŵďƌŽĚĄĂƐŽŵĂĚŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĐŽŵϬ͕Ϯ͕ϰ͕͘͘͘ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͘
KƐĞŐƵŶĚŽŵĞŵďƌŽĚĄĂƐŽŵĂĚŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĐŽŵϭ͕ϯ͕ϱ͕͘͘͘ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽŵĞŵďƌŽĚĄŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĐŽŵƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌĚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĞŽ
ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽŵĞŵďƌŽĚĄŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĐŽŵƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌĚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͘
ŽŵŽ Ž ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ ŵĞŵďƌŽ Ġ ŝŐƵĂů ĂŽ ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ ŵĞŵďƌŽ͕ ĞƐƚĄ ƉƌŽǀĂĚŽ ƋƵĞ ƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ ĚĞ
ĐĂƌĚŝŶĂů ; oͿ͕ƚĂŶƚŽƐƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĐŽŵƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌĚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĐŽŵŽĐŽŵƵŵ
ŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌĚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͘
WĄŐ͘ϱϬ
ϭϭϯ͘% b ~ d % d b d % d b d % d b d % d ~ % b % b % b

ϭϭϰ͘
ĂͿ * ~ * ¯ ~ c ¯ ~
ďͿ * ~ * ¯ ~ c ¯ ~
ϭϭϱ͘
ĂͿ * b * ~
*
ďͿ *
b * ~ *
ĐͿ * c * ~ *
ϭϭϲ͘
ĂͿ * b * ~ * ¯ * ~ * ¯ ~ w ~ v ~

ďͿ * b *b ~ * ¯ *b ~ * ¯
¯ ~ w b ~ v c c ~ ¯ ~ w ~ v ~

ĐͿ * c * ~ * ¯ * ~ * ¯ ~ w ~ v ~

ϭϭϳ͘
ĂͿ * ~ * ¯ ~ c ¯ ~
ďͿ * ~ * ¯ ~ v ~ c ¯ ~ v ~
ĐͿ *c ~ * b ¯ b ~ c v b ~ c b ¯ ~

v ~
¯
¯ ~
v ~
ϭϭϴ͘
ĂͿ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͕ƚƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĂůŝŶŚĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂƐĐŽŵďŝŶĂĕƁĞƐĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ÀKŵĂŝŽƌĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽ
ĚĞƐƐĂůŝŶŚĂĠ * À

ďͿ K ŵĂŝŽƌ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽ ĚĂ ůŝŶŚĂ ƋƵĞ ĐŽŶƚĠŵ ĂƐ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂĕƁĞƐ ĚĂ ĨŽƌŵĂ * Ġ * ͕ ƉĞůŽ ƋƵĞ
~ À
[
ϭϭϵ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ b b * b
~
¯ b b
²c³ [ d [ c
~ ¯
²c³
¯ bb c
~ ¯ b b c c ~ ¯ b c ~ ¯
cfjcdd²c ³

cf
¯~ ¯~ ¯ ~ ;ƉŽƌƋƵĞ oͿ

KƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĂůŝŶŚĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞĠ * ~ À
ϭϮϬ͘ƐŽŵĂĚŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĂůŝŶŚĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞĠ 4 ĞĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĂůŝŶŚĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ
4
Ġ
͘
ϭϮϭ͘ ĂͿ K ƚĞƌŵŽ ŐĞƌĂů Ġ * c ͕ ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ Ž ǀĂůŽƌ ĚĂ ƐŽŵĂ ĚŽƐ ĞǆƉŽĞŶƚĞƐ Ğŵ ĐĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĐĞůĂ Ġ
b c ~ À
ďͿ K ƚĞƌŵŽ ŐĞƌĂů Ġ * c ͕ ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ Ž ǀĂůŽƌ ĚĂ ƐŽŵĂ ĚŽƐ ĞǆƉŽĞŶƚĞƐ Ğŵ ĐĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĐĞůĂ Ġ
b c ~ À
ϭϮϮ͘ĂͿ b ~ ďͿ b ~
ĐͿϮϬ b ~ Ϯϭ
ϭϮϯ͘
ĂͿϭÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d 4 c5 ~ % Â ϮÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d 4 c 5 ~ c % & Â
& &
% %
ϯÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d 4 c 5 ~ % & Â ϰÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d 4 c 5 ~ c % &
& &
% %

ďͿϭÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d 4 5 d 4 c 5 ~
Â ϮÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗
d 4 5 d 4 c 5 ~ c
Â
%
& %
% & %
& % & & % &
ϯǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d 4 5 d 4 c 5 ~ Â ϰÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d 4 5 d 4 c 5 ~ c
& &
% % %
& % & & %
ĐͿϭÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d 6 j 7 d ~

& Â
j&
&
ϮÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d 6 j 7 d ~ j ~

Â
& & & &
ϯÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d 6 j 7 d ~

Â
&

j&
&
ϰÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d 6 j 7 d ~ j ~

& & & &
ĚͿϭÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ % Â ϮÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ c % & Â

ϯÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ % & Â ϰÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ c % &

WĄŐ͘ϱϭ
ϭϮϰ͘
ĂͿjůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d & d 4 c
& 5 ~ c &

WĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d & d 4 c 5 ~ Â

& &
ŶƚĞƉĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d & d 4 c 5 ~ c

& &
ŶƚĞĂŶƚĞƉĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d & d 4 c 5 ~ &

&
ďͿjůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c ~ c Â

WĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c ~ %

ŶƚĞƉĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c ~ c
%

ŶƚĞ ĂŶƚĞƉĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c ~ %

ϭϮϱ͘
ĂͿ *
d 4 5 d4 5 ~
%

% %

ďͿ *
d % d 4
% 5 ~ %

ĐͿ *
d 4 5 d6c 7

% % %
~

ĚͿϳ *
d % d 4
% 5 ~ %


ϭϮϲ͘
² b ³ c ² c ³ ~ b b
b b c c b
c b ~
~ b ~ ² b ³
ϭϮϳ͘²Ϯ b j³ ~
~ b d d j b d d 4j5 b d d 4j5 b d d 4j5 b 4j5 ~

~ b j b d b d j b d b j ~
b j
ϭϮϴ͘ * d %c d 2j&3 ~ * d %c d &

Ğ * d %c d & ~ %
& ǀĞŵƋƵĞ * ~ Ğ c ~
Ğ
~
~ Ğ ~ Ğ * ~ ͘>ŽŐŽÁ ~ À

ϭϮϵ͘;Ϳ
dĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů͗
* d %
c d
c ~ ¯ ~
* d % d ~
%
ϭϯϬ͘ * d %c d 4
% 5 ~ * d %
cc
~ * d %c
c ~ ¯ ~
ŽƚĞƌŵŽ * d % ~
% ͘
ϭϯϭ͘ * d 2%j%3 d4
% 5
c c c
~ * d %c d % d %c ~ * d %cb c ~
c
~ * d %
c
~¯~

ŽƚĞƌŵŽ * ~
͘
* d %c d ~ % ¯ % d ~ % ¯ ~ ¯ ~ fj
ϭϯϮ͘ * d %c d Â c ~ ¯ ~

ϭϯϯ͘²³ ~ ²² c ³ b ³ ~ ²² c ³ b ³ ~ ² b ³ ~ b b

b b

нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ
WĄŐ͘ϱϮ
ϭϯϰ͘;Ϳ
( q ) ~ ¸% ¢ % { w j(%(ĠƌĂĐŝŽŶĂů w % µ c Á ´ ¹ ~ ¸ c Á c Á Á Á ¹

( r ) ~ ( q ) ~ ¸ Á Á Á Á Á Á ÀÀÀ¹ q ¸Á Á Á Á
Á ¹ ~ ¸¹
ϭϯϱ͘;Ϳ
4(±) 5 r ) ~ 4( q ) 5 r ) ~ 2( r ) 3 r ) ~ ( r ) r ) ~ ( r )
ϭϯϲ͘;Ϳ
( ~ ( q < ~ ( q 2) r ) 3 ~ ²( q )³ r 2( q ) 3 ~ ²( q )³ r (
^Ğ( ~ ²( q )³ r (͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ( q ) ~ J͘
ϭϯϳ͘;Ϳ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞďĂŶĚĞŝƌĂƐƋƵĞŶĆŽƚġŵŶĞŶŚƵŵĂƚŝƌĂĂǌƵů͗ d d
d d ~ (
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞďĂŶĚĞŝƌĂƐƋƵĞƚġŵƵŵĂƚŝƌĂĂǌƵů͗ ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂƚŝƌĂĂǌƵůͿ d d d
d ~ ϱ d (
EƷŵĞƌŽ ĚĞ ďĂŶĚĞŝƌĂƐ ƋƵĞ ƚġŵ ĚƵĂƐ ƚŝƌĂƐ ĂǌƵŝƐ͗ * c ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂ ĚĂƐ ĚƵĂƐ ƚŝƌĂƐ
ĂǌƵŝƐͿ d d d
~ * c d (
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞďĂŶĚĞŝƌĂƐƋƵĞƚġŵƚƌġƐƚŝƌĂƐĂǌƵŝƐ͗;ĐŽŵƚƌġƐƚŝƌĂƐĂǌƵŝƐĞůĂƐƚġŵŽďƌŝŐĂƚŽƌŝĂŵĞŶƚĞĚĞ
ƐĞƌĂϭǐ͕ϯǐĞƷůƚŝŵĂͿ d d ~ d (

( b ϱ d ( b * c d ( b d ( ~
ϭϯϴ͘;Ϳ
ϱ;şŵƉĂƌͿ d ϱ;şŵƉĂƌͿ d ϱ;şŵƉĂƌͿ d ϱ;ƉĂƌͿ ~

ϭϯϵ͘;Ϳ
;ƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĚŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽϵͿ d d d d ~
ϭϰϬ͘;Ϳ
EƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵĚŽŝƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͗ϵ d ϵ ~ ϵ
EƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƚƌġƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͗ d ϵ d ~ ϵ d
EƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƋƵĂƚƌŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͗ d ϵ d d ~ ϵ d (
EƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵĐŝŶĐŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͗ d ϵ d d d
~ ϵ d (
EƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƐĞŝƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͗ d ϵ d d d
d ~ ϵ d (
ϵ b ϵ d b ϵ d ( b ϵ d ( b ϵ d ( ~


WĄŐ͘ϱϯ
ϭϰϭ͘;Ϳ
[ d [ ~
ϭϰϮ͘;Ϳ
[ ;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽ ĚŽƐ ĐĂƐĂŝƐͿ d ;ƚƌŽĐĂ ĚĞ ƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐ ĚĞ Ƶŵ ĐĂƐĂůͿ d ;ƚƌŽĐĂ ĚĞ ƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐ ĚĞ ŽƵƚƌŽ
ĐĂƐĂůͿ d ;ƚƌŽĐĂĚĞƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐĚĞŽƵƚƌŽĐĂƐĂůͿ d ;ƚƌŽĐĂĚĞƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐĚĞŽƵƚƌŽĐĂƐĂůͿ ~
~ [ d ~
ϭϰϯ͘;Ϳ
[;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĞϱďůŽĐŽƐͲϭĐĂƐĂůĞϰĨŝůŚŽƐͿ d ;ƚƌŽĐĂĚĞƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĐĂƐĂůͿ ~
ϭϰϰ͘;Ϳ
;ĐŽŶĚƵƚŽƌͿ d ;ůƵŐĂƌĂŽůĂĚŽĚŽĐŽŶĚƵƚŽƌͿ d d d ~
ϭϰϱ͘;Ϳ
d [ d ( ~
ϭϰϲ͘;Ϳ

* ~
ϭϰϳ͘;Ϳ
* ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĚŽƐǌĞƌŽƐͿ d ( ~
WĄŐ͘ϱϰ
ϭϰϴ͘;Ϳ
^ĞĂůŝŶŚĂƚĞŵŶŽǀĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĞůĂĠĨŽƌŵĂĚĂƉĞůŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ͖ŽƋƵĂƌƚŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽ
Ġ * ͘
ϭϰϵ͘;Ϳ
KƷůƚŝŵŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĠϭĞŽƉĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽĠϭϲ͘ůŝŶŚĂĠĨŽƌŵĂĚĂƉĞůŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ
* ͘
ƐŽŵĂĚŽƐƚƌġƐƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐĠ b
b
* ~ ͘
ϭϱϬ͘;Ϳ
ůŝŶŚĂƚĞŵϭϬϬϭĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͕ϭϬĚŽƐƋƵĂŝƐƐĆŽŵĞŶŽƌĞƐŽƵŝŐƵĂŝƐĂ * ;ŽƐϱƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐĞŽƐ
ϱƷůƚŝŵŽƐͿ͕ůŽŐŽ c ~ ƐĆŽŵĂŝŽƌĞƐĚŽƋƵĞ * ͘

ϭϱϭ͘;Ϳ
^ĞĂůŝŶŚĂƚĞŵϭϱĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĞůĂĠĨŽƌŵĂĚĂƉĞůŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ͕ŽŵĂŝŽƌĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĠŽ
ƋƵĞŽĐƵƉĂĂƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĐĞŶƚƌĂů͕Ġ * ͘
ϭϱϮ͘;Ϳ

* b * ~ *
ϭϱϯ͘;Ϳ
b ~

¯ ~ Â b
~ ¯ ~
ϭϱϰ͘;Ϳ
²% b ³ ~ % b % b % b ¯
¯ % b % b % b % b % b ~ % b % b % b ¯ % b % ~
ϭϱϱ͘;Ϳ

~ ² b ³
~
b
d b ÀÀÀ b
b
ϭϱϲ͘;Ϳ
~
b ~
WĄŐ͘ϱϱ
ϭϱϳ͘( ~ ¸ c Á c Á Á Á Á ÀÀÀ¹
) ~ ¸Á Á Á ÀÀÀ¹
(±) ~ ¸ c Á c Á Á ¹
cfjcdd²c
³
% b % c
% ~ ¯ %²% b % c
³ ~ ¯ % ~ v % b % c
~ ¯
¯ % ~ v% ~ ¯

cf
¯ % ~ v% ~ ¯ % ~ v% ~ v% ~ c

* ~ ¸ c Á Á ¹
(±) r ) q * ~ ¸ c Á c Á Á Á ¹

) q * ~ ¸¹
ϭϱϴ͘
ĂͿ( r 0 ~ ( q 0 ~ ¸Á Á Á Á Á
Á Á Á ¹ q ¸% ¢ % ĠƉĂƌ¹ ~ ¸Á Á
Á ¹

ďͿ0 r 7 ~ 0 q 7 ~ ¸% ¢ % ĠƉĂƌ¹ q ¸% ¢ % ĠƉƌŝŵŽ¹ ~ ¸¹

ϭϱϵ͘( d * r ) d * ~ ²( r )³ d * ~ ´͕ µ d ´Á µ
ϭϲϬ͘sĂŵŽƐƉƌŽǀĂƌƋƵĞ͗;ŝͿ) ~ J ¬ ( r ) ~ (±) ;ŝŝͿ( r ) ~ (±) ¬ ) ~ J
;ŝͿ) ~ J ¬ ( r ) ~ ( w (±) ~ ( ¬ ( r ) ~ (±)

;ŝŝͿ( r ) ~ (±) ¬ ( r ) ~ ( q ) ¬ ( r ) q 2( r ) 3 ~ 2( q ) 3 q 2( r ) 3 ¬
¬ 2( q (3 r ) ~ :2( q ) 3 q ( ; r :2( q ) 3 q ) ; ¬
¬ J r ) ~ :2) q (3 q ( ; r :( q 2) q ) 3 ; ¬
¬ ) ~ : ) q 2( q (3 ; r ( q J ¬ ) ~ 2) q J3 r J ¬ ) ~ J r J ¬ ) ~ J
ϭϲϭ͘ĂͿ d d d ~
ďͿ d d d ~
ĐͿ * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌŽƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐƉĂƌĂŽŶĚĞǀĆŽŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐͨϮͩͿ d ~
ϭϲϮ͘ ;ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĂƐƐſƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŽϮŽƵŽϯͿ d d ~ Â d d ²ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐ

ĐĞŶƚĞŶĂƐĠϮͿ b d d ²ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĂƐĠϯͿ ~
ϭϲϯ͘[;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐĐŽƌĞƐͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐďŽůĂƐ

ĂǌƵŝƐͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐďŽůĂƐĂŵĂƌĞůĂƐͿ ϭ͕ϱϲ d ϭϬ
ϭϲϰ͘ d d ~ ( ~
WĄŐ͘ϱϲ
ϭϲϱ͘ * ~
ϭϲϲ͘ * ~
ϭϲϳ͘ d ;ĐŽŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĞŵĐĂĚĂƌĞƚĂͿ b ~

[ [ ²c³
ϭϲϴ͘ ( ~ * b ¯
²c³ [ ~ ²c³ [d [ b ¯ ² c ³ ~ b ¯
c
¯ c ~
b ¯ c ~ c b ¯ c c ~ ¯
fjcdd²c³ f
¯~ ¯~ ¯ ~ ;ƉŽƌƋƵĞ oĞ Ϳ

ϭϲϵ͘KƐĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĞƐĚĞƐĆŽ͗
¦ ϭĚŝǀŝƐŽƌ
Á Á Á ¦ ϰĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĞƐ
d ~
Á d ~ Á d ~ Á d ~ Á d ~ Á d ~ ¦ ϲĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĞƐ
d d ~ Á d d ~ Á d d ~ Á d d ~ ¦ ϰĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĞƐ
d d d ϳ ~ ¦ ϭĚŝǀŝƐŽƌ
ǆŝƐƚĞŵƚĂŶƚŽƐĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĞƐƋƵĂŶƚŽƐŽƐƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĚŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ ¸Á Á Á ¹͕ůŽŐŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ ~
ĚŝǀŝƐŽƌĞƐ͘
ϭϳϬ͘
ĂͿƉĞŶĂƐĚĞƵŵĂŵĂŶĞŝƌĂ͘
ďͿĞĚƵĂƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ͘
ĐͿĞ [ ~
ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ͘
ĚͿĞ * ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂƐůĞƚƌĂƐͿ d [ ~
ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ͘
ĞͿĞ * ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂƐůĞƚƌĂƐͿ d * ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂƐůĞƚƌĂƐͿ d

[ ~
~
ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ͘
ϭϳϭ͘
ĂͿ% b ~ c % v % b ~ c b % w % b w c % ¯ % ~ v % ~
ďͿ% b ~ % b v % b ~ c % c w % b w % b ¯ % ~ ϵ

ĐͿ *% ~ *%b b *%b ¯ *% ~ *%b

% ~ % b v % ~ c % c w % w % b ¯ % ~ v % ~ w % ¯
¯%~
ϭϳϮ͘
* b
* b * b * ~ * b * b * ~ * b * ~ * Â ~ Ğ ~ ŽƵ ~ ϰ
ϭϳϯ͘ * ~ * c * ~ c

~ ~
ϭϳϰ͘ ~ ¯ ~ ͕ƚƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĂůŝŶŚĂĞŵƋƵĞĐĂĚĂĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ͘

KƋƵĂƌƚŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĂůŝŶŚĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĠ * ~
͘

ϭϳϱ͘ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ ͕ƚƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĂůŝŶŚĂĞŵƋƵĞĐĂĚĂĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ͘
KŵĂŝŽƌĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĂůŝŶŚĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞĠ * ~ ͘
WĄŐ͘ϱϳ
ϭϳϲ͘
* b
* b
* b
* b
* b
* b
*
~
¯ * b * b * b
*
~
¯
¯ * b * b * b * ~
>ŽŐŽ͕ ~
͘
ϭϳϳ͘
ĂͿ * d !
d 4
! 5 ~
!

ďͿdĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů͗ * d c d 4 5 ~ * d 4 5 d c d 4 5 ~

~ * d 4 5 d ~ * d 4 5 d
c c c
d

c ~
¯ ~
sĞŵ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ * d 4 5 d
~

ϭϳϴ͘² b %³ b ² c %³ ~ b % b % b % b c % b % c % ~ b

%
ϭϳϵ͘
ĂͿ
* d 4j5 d 6 c j 7 ~ c
* ~ c

²³ [ ²³ [
[

ďͿ * d d % ~ % ~ %
² c³ [d [
ϭϴϬ͘
ĂͿdĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů͗ * d 2j%3 d4c 5 ~ * d ² c ³ d % d 4 5 ~
c c
% %
c c c
~ * d ² c ³ d % d % ~ * d ² c ³ d % c
c
c ~ ¯ c c ~ ¯ ~
KƚĞƌŵŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞĠ * d ² c ³ ~ ͘
ďͿdĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů͗ * d 2j%3 d4c 5 ~ * d ² c ³ d % d 4 5 ~

c c
% %
c c c
~ * d ² c ³ d % d% ~ * d ² c ³ d % c
c
c ~ ¯ c c ~ ¯ ~ ¤ o͕ůŽŐŽŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞƚĞƌŵŽĞŵ% ͘


ϭϴϭ͘ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞŵŽƐŽĞƐƋƵĞŵĂ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ƐϵĐĂƌƚĂƐĚĞĞƐƉĂĚĂƐƉŽĚĞŵƉĞƌŵƵƚĂƌĞŶƚƌĞƐŝ͘
ƐĐŽůŚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĂƚƌŽĚŽƐĚĞǌĞƐƉĂĕŽƐ;ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽƐƉŽƌͺͿƉĂƌĂĐŽůŽĐĂƌĂƐƋƵĂƚƌŽĐĂƌƚĂƐĚĞĐŽƉĂƐ͘
ZĞƐƉŽƐƚĂ͗ [ d ( ~
ϭϴϮ͘ WĞĕĂƐƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ WĞĕĂƐƌĞƚĂŶŐƵůĂƌĞƐ dŽƚĂůĚĞƉĞĕĂƐ EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐŽŶĨŝŐƵƌĂĕƁĞƐ

ϭϰ Ϭ ϭϰ ϭ

ϭϮ ϭ ϭϯ *

ϭϬ Ϯ ϭϮ *

ϴ ϯ ϭϭ *

ϲ ϰ ϭϬ *

ϰ ϱ ϵ *

Ϯ ϲ ϴ *
Ϭ ϳ ϳ ϭ
b * b * b * b * b * b *

b ~ ϲϭϬ
ϭϴϯ͘ [;ĐŽŵŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐϭ͕ Ϯ͕ ϯ͕ ϰ͕ ϱͿ b * d [ ;ĐŽŵŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐϭ͕ ϭ͕ ϰ͕ ϱ͕ ϲͿ b * d [ ;ĐŽŵ

ŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐϭ͕ ϭ͕ ϯ͕ ϱ͕ ϴͿ b * d ;ĐŽŵŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐϮ͕ Ϯ͕ Ϯ͕ ϯ͕ ϱͿ ~
ϭϴϰ͘ b* b b* c b* b b*b ~ ¯ b

* b b* b b*b ~ b
* ¯
b
¯ * b b*b ~ b
* ¯ b
* b b*b ~ b
* b b* ¯
b b
¯ *b ~ * ¯ b ~ v b b ~ b ¯ ~ v ~ ¯ ~
ϭϴϱ͘ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕ƐĞũĂ%ŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƵŵĂůŝŶŚĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĚĞWĂƐĐĂů͘
^ĞũĂ Ž ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽ ĚĞƐƐĂ ůŝŶŚĂ͘ dĞŵͲƐĞÁ ĞŶƚĆŽÁ ƋƵĞ ŽƐ ƚƌġƐ ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĞƐƐĂ
ůŝŶŚĂ Ğ ŽƐƚƌġƐƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĂůŝŶŚĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƐĆŽ͗
% ÀÀÀ
b b% ÀÀÀ
ŝŶĚĂĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
b b % ~ &Ğ
b b b b % ~ ' ;Ğŵ ƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ ůŝŶŚĂ ĚŽ ƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽ ĚĞ WĂƐĐĂů͕ Ă ƐŽŵĂ ĚŽƐ ƚƌġƐ ƷůƚŝŵŽƐ
ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĠŝŐƵĂůăƐŽŵĂĚŽƐƚƌġƐƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐͿ͘
sĞŵ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͗
bb%~& ¯~&c%c
b b b b % ~ ' ¯ ' ~ % b b ¯ ' ~ % b ²& c % c ³ b ¯ ' ~ & c %

ϭϴϲ͘WĂƌĂ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗4 b
5 ~

~ b * d c d 4 5 b * d c d 4 5 b ÀÀÀ b 4

5 ~

²c³
~ bd
b d b ÀÀÀ b ~

²c³ c
~ bb b ÀÀÀ b ~ b b ÀÀÀ b

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗4 b
5 b
c
c
sĂŵŽƐŵŽƐƚƌĂƌƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ ͕ƐĞƚĞŵ b
͕
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŶĂƚƵƌĂů͗
c c
b
͕ ¯ Ϭ͕ ¯ c ͕
¯ ͕ ¯ ͕
ŽŶĐůƵƐĆŽ͗ƉĂƌĂ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗4 b
5 b Ğ b ͕
c c
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐĞ ĞŶƚĆŽ4 b
5 ͕ À

ϭϴϳ͘ WƌŽǀĂƌ ƋƵĞ ĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞ Ă ƉƌŽǀĂƌ ƋƵĞ͕ ƐĞŶĚŽ ( ~ ¸Á Á Á ÀÀÀÁ ¹ Ğ ƐĞŶĚŽ F ²(³ Ž
ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐƐƵďĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐĚĞ ( ͕ƐĞƚĞŵηF ²(³ ;ƉŽŝƐηF ²(³ ~ Ϳ͘
KƌĂ͕ηF²(³ ~ η4DJÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ÀÀÀÁ ¸¹Á ÀÀÀE5 b ͘

dĞŵĂϮͮWƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐ

ϭ͘ĞĨŝŶŝƌĞƐƉĂĕŽƐĚĞƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞ

WĄŐ͘ϲϬ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍hŵƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĚĞƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐ
EĂƚĂďĞůĂĚĂƉĄŐŝŶĂϲϬƉŽĚĞŽďƐĞƌǀĂƌͲƐĞŽĞƐƉĂĕŽĚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĞŽƐĐĂƐŽƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐăǀŝƚſƌŝĂ
ĚĂ/ŶġƐ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐƐĆŽƚŽĚŽƐĞƋƵŝƉƌŽǀĄǀĞŝƐ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĂ/ŶġƐǀĞŶĐĞƌ
ƵŵĂũŽŐĂĚĂĠŝŐƵĂů͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂƌĞŐƌĂĚĞ>ĂƉůĂĐĞ͕Ă͗
ï² ͳͷ
ൌ
ïÀ ͵͸
WĄŐ͘ϲϯ
ϭ͘ĂϭͿሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ǡ ͺǡ ͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳǡ ͳʹሽ
ĂϮͿWŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗ሼͷሽ
ĂϯͿWŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗ሼͳǡ Ͷǡ ͻሽ
ĂϰͿKĐĂƌĚŝŶĂůĚŽĞƐƉĂĕŽĚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂͳʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽĐĂƌĚŝŶĂůĚŽĞƐƉĂĕŽĚĞ
ĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹଵଶ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͶͲͻ͸͘
ďϭͿሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ሽ
ďϮͿሼ͵ǡ ͸ǡ ͻǡ ͳʹሽ
ďϯͿሼ͸ǡ ͹ሽ
ďϰͿ‫׎‬
ĐϭͿ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌ;ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽͿ͘
ĐϮͿ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŵƷůƚŝƉůŽĚĞͶ;ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽͿ͘
ĐϯͿ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽƉƌŝŵŽ;ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽͿ͘
ĐϰͿ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ͹;ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽͿ͘
ĚϭͿ‫ܣ ׫ ܤ‬

ĚϮͿͨ^ĂŝƌͳͲŽƵͳʹͩĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞĂĂĨŝƌŵĂƌͨ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌŵĂŝŽƌŽƵŝŐƵĂůĂͳͲ͕ͩŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞ
ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĂƌƉŽƌ‫ܣ ת ܤ‬ҧ͘
ĚϯͿͨ^ĂŝƌͳͳͩĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞĂĂĨŝƌŵĂƌͨ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌŵĂŝŽƌŽƵŝŐƵĂůĂͳͲ͕ͩŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĂƌ
ƉŽƌ‫ܤ‬ത ‫ܣ ת‬ҧ͘
ĞͿWŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗ሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ ͶሽĞሼͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ǡ ͺǡ ͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳǡ ͳʹሽ͕ŽƵ͕ĞŵůŝŶŐƵĂŐĞŵĐŽƌƌĞŶƚĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗

ͨ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌͩĞͨ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌͩ͘
ĨͿWŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗ሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ ͶሽĞሼͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳǡ ͳʹሽ͕ŽƵ͕ĞŵůŝŶŐƵĂŐĞŵĐŽƌƌĞŶƚĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗ͨ^Ăŝƌ

ŶƷŵĞƌŽƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽƉĞƌĨĞŝƚŽͩĞͨ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞͳͲͩ͘
WĄŐ͘ϲϰ
Ϯ͘ĂͿሼሺͳǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺͳǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺʹǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺʹǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺ͵ǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺ͵ǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺͶǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺͶǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺͷǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺͷǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ ݁ሻሽ
ďϭͿሼሺ͸ǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ ݁ሻሽ
ďϮͿሼሺʹǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺͶǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ ݁ሻሽ
ďϯͿሼሺͳǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺͳǡ ݁ሻǡ ሺʹǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺ͵ǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺͶǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺͷǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ ‫݌‬ሻሽ
ĐϭͿ^ĂŝƌĨĂĐĞĞƵƌŽƉĞŝĂĞŶƷŵĞƌŽŵĞŶŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ͵Ǥ
ĐϮͿ^ĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞͶ͘
WĄŐ͘ϲϳ
ϯ͘ĂͿܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͮܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬തሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͹
ൌ ͲǡͶ ൅ Ͳǡ͹ െ Ͳǡ͵ ൌ Ͳǡͺ
ďͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬തሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬

തതതതതതത
‫ ܤ ׫‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͮܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͸
ൌͳെ ሾܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻሿ ൌͳ െ ሺͲǡ͸ ൅ Ͳǡ͵ െ Ͳǡʹሻ ൌ ͳ െ Ͳǡ͹ ൌ Ͳǡ͵

ϰ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ


ϱ͘
ĂͿKŵşŶŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ‫͕ܣ ؿ ܤ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽƐĞƚĞŵ
‫ ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ൌ ‫͕ܣ‬ǀĞŵܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͹͘
WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൐ ͳ͕‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ŶĆŽƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͘ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽŵĄǆŝŵŽ
ǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ‫ ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ൌ ‫͘ܧ‬
EĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕Ͳǡ͹ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ͘
ďͿŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞŽŵĄǆŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ

ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻĠŵşŶŝŵŽĞǀŝĐĞͲǀĞƌƐĂ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ͳǡͳ െ ͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͳǡͳ െ Ͳǡ͹͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕Ͳǡͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͲǡͶ͘

ϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ ͳ െ Ͳǡ͸ ൌ ͲǡͶ͘
KŵĄǆŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫͘ܤ ؿ‬
EĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ ͲǡͶ͘
WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͻ͕‫ܣ‬ҧĞ‫ܤ‬ƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͕ĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ
ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕Ͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൑ ͲǡͶ͘
WĄŐ͘ϲϴ
ϳ͘

WĄŐ͘ϳϬ
ϴ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐŚĂǀĞƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ସଽ‫ܥ‬ହ ൈ ଵଷ‫ܥ‬ଵ

EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐŚĂǀĞƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐĂƋƵĞƵŵĂĚĂĚĂĂƉŽƐƚĂƐŝŵƉůĞƐĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĂĐŽŵĂĐŚĂǀĞ
ǀĞŶĐĞĚŽƌĂ͗ͳ
ଵ ଵ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗రవ ൌ
ൈଵଷ
஼ఱ ଶସ଻଼ଽସଽଶ

ϵ͘,Ą͸ଷ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƉĂƌĂŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŽďƐĞƌǀĂĚŽƐŶŽƐĚĂĚŽƐĚĂƐƚƌġƐƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲ;ƚƌġƐƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐ͕ƐĂŝŶĚŽͳǡ ͳͶ͕ƐĞŝƐƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐ͕ƐĂŝŶĚŽ
ͳǡ ʹ͵ĞƵŵĂƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞ͕ƐĂŝŶĚŽʹǡ ʹʹͿ
ଵ଴ ହ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ య ൌ
଺ ଵ଴଼
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸
଺ ଵ
଺ ଷ଺
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸ ൈ ͷ ൈ Ͷ
଺ൈହൈସ ହ
଺ ଽ
ĚͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͷ;ĂƐĐŝŶĐŽƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞĚĞ͸ƉĂƌĂ
ĐĂĚĂƵŵĚŽƐƚƌġƐĚĂĚŽƐͿ
ଵହ ହ
଺ ଻ଶ


WĄŐ͘ϳϭ
ϭϬ͘,ĄͳͲ଺ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĐſĚŝŐŽƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲ଺
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ ଺ܣ‬
భబ
஺ల
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ Ͳǡͳͷͳʹ
ଵ଴ల
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲ଺
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ͻସ ;ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂƐĚƵĂƐƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐŽĐƵƉĂĚĂƐƉĞůŽƐĚŽŝƐ
ǌĞƌŽƐ͕ŚĄͻସ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƋƵĂƚƌŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽƐĚĞĞŶƚƌĞŶŽǀĞͿ
ల
஼మ ൈଽర
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ͲǡͲͻͺͶͳͷ
ଵ଴ల
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲ଺
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲ଺ െ ͻ଺;ĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĞŶƚƌĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽƚŽƚĂůĚĞĐſĚŝŐŽƐĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽ
ĚĂƋƵĞůĞƐƋƵĞŶĆŽƚġŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌǌĞƌŽͿ
ଵ଴ల ିଽల
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ల ൌ ͲǡͶ͸ͺͷͷͻ
ଵ଴

ϭϭ͘,Ą͹ǨŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞŽƐƐĞƚĞĂŵŝŐŽƐŽĐƵƉĂƌĞŵŽƐƐĞƚĞůƵŐĂƌĞƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ ൈ ͵Ǩ ൈ ͶǨ;ŽŐƌƵƉŽĚĞƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐƉŽĚĞĨŝĐĂƌăĚŝƌĞŝƚĂŽƵăĞƐƋƵĞƌĚĂĚŽ
ŐƌƵƉŽĚĞƌĂƉĂǌĞƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĚĞƐƐĞƐĐĂƐŽƐ͕ĂƐƚƌġƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐ͕ďĞŵĐŽŵŽŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽƌĂƉĂǌĞƐ͕
ƉŽĚĞŵƉĞƌŵƵƚĂƌĞŶƚƌĞƐŝͿ
ଶൈଷǨൈସǨ ଶ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ
଻Ǩ ଷହ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ ͵Ǩ ൈ ͶǨ;ŽŐƌƵƉŽĚĞƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐƚĞŵĐŝŶĐŽĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĂƐƐƵĂƐƚƌġƐĐĂĚĞŝƌĂƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĚĞƐƐĞƐĐĂƐŽƐ͕ƉŽĚĞŵ͕ďĞŵĐŽŵŽŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽƌĂƉĂǌĞƐ͕
ƉĞƌŵƵƚĂƌĞŶƚƌĞƐŝͿ
ହൈଷǨൈସǨ ଵ
଻Ǩ ଻
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵Ǩ ൈ ͶǨ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĂƷŶŝĐĂŵĂŶĞŝƌĂĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĂƐĐĂĚĞŝƌĂƐŽŶĚĞĨŝĐĂŵ
ĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐĞĂƐĐĂĚĞŝƌĂƐŽŶĚĞĨŝĐĂŵŽƐƌĂƉĂǌĞƐ͕ƐĞŶĚŽƋƵĞĂƐƚƌġƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐ͕ďĞŵĐŽŵŽŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽ
ƌĂƉĂǌĞƐ͕ƉŽĚĞŵƉĞƌŵƵƚĂƌĞŶƚƌĞƐŝͿ
ଷǨൈସǨ ଵ
଻Ǩ ଷହ
ĚͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ െ ͸ ൈ ʹǨ ൈ ͷǨ;ĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĞŶƚƌĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽƚŽƚĂůĚĞĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ
ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞŽƐƐĞƚĞĂŵŝŐŽƐŽĐƵƉĂƌĞŵŽƐƐĞƚĞůƵŐĂƌĞƐĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞŽƐƐĞƚĞ
ĂŵŝŐŽƐŽĐƵƉĂƌĞŵĞƐƐĞƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐĨŝĐĂŶĚŽĂŶĂĞĂĄƌďĂƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽƵŵĂĚĂŽƵƚƌĂͿ
଻Ǩି଺ൈଶǨൈହǨ ହ
଻Ǩ ଻


WĄŐ͘ϳϮ
ϭϮ͘,Ą ଵଷ‫ ଺ܣ‬ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞŵŽďƚĞƌ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵଷ‫ ଺ܣ‬

EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳ ൈ ͵Ǩ ൈ ଽ‫ ଺ܣ‬
ଵൈଷǨൈ వ஺మ ଵ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ భయ ൌ
஺ల ଶ଼଺଴
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵଷ‫ ଺ܣ‬

EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ ଺ܣ‬
భబ
஺ల ଷହ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗భయ ൌ
஺ల ଶ଼଺
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵଷ‫ ଺ܣ‬

EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ ଺ܥ‬ൈ ͳ;ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĞƐĞŝƐĚĂƐŶŽǀĞĐĂƌƚĂƐŶƵŵĞƌĂĚĂƐ͕Ɛſ
ĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĂŵĂŶĞŝƌĂĚĞĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂƌƉŽƌŽƌĚĞŵĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĚĂĞƐƋƵĞƌĚĂƉĂƌĂĂĚŝƌĞŝƚĂͿ
వ
஼ల ଻
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗భయ ൌ
஺ల ଵ଴ଶଽ଺଴
ϭϯ͘hŵƉƌŝƐŵĂƉĞŶƚĂŐŽŶĂůƚĞŵͳͲǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ܥ‬ଶ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ହ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ʹ;ĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĚŽŝƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐ
ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞƐăŵĞƐŵĂďĂƐĞĚŽƉƌŝƐŵĂͿ
ఱ
஼మ ൈଶ ସ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ భబ ൌ
஼మ ଽ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ܥ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ ଼‫ܥ‬ଵ ;ĚŽŝƐĚŽƐƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽƐƚġŵƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞƌă
ŵĞƐŵĂĂƌĞƐƚĂůĂƚĞƌĂůĚŽƉƌŝƐŵĂĞŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽƉŽŶƚŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƵŵĚŽƐŽƵƚƌŽƐŽŝƚŽǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐͿ
ହൈ ఴ஼భ ଵ
஼య ଷ
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͷଶ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲ;ŽƉƌŝƐŵĂƚĞŵͳͲĚŝĂŐŽŶĂŝƐĨĂĐŝĂŝƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĞŵͳͲ
ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌƵŵǀĠƌƚŝĐĞĞŵĐĂĚĂďĂƐĞĚĞŵŽĚŽƋƵĞĞƐƚĞƐĚŽŝƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĨŝŶĂŵ
ƵŵĂĚŝĂŐŽŶĂůĨĂĐŝĂůĚŽƉƌŝƐŵĂͿ
ଵ଴ ଶ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ మ ൌ
ହ ହ


WĄŐ͘ϳϯ
ϭϰ͘

WĄŐ͘ϳϰ
ϭϱ͘
ĂͿ^ĞũĂ݊ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞǀĞǌĞƐƋƵĞƐĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƋƵĞƐĂŝĂĂĨĂĐĞϲ͘ŽŵŽĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ͕ŶƵŵ
ଵ ௡ ଵ
ůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽ͕ƐĂŝƌĂĨĂĐĞϲĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ൎ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݊ ൎ ͳͲͲͲ͘
଺ ଺଴଴଴ ଺
ďͿ^ĞũĂ݊ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞǀĞǌĞƐƋƵĞƐĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƋƵĞƐĂŝĂĨĂĐĞĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌ͘ŽŵŽĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞ
ଵ ௡ ଵ
ĚĞ͕ŶƵŵůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽ͕ƐĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ൎ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݊ ൎ ͵ͲͲͲ͘
ଶ ଺଴଴଴ ଶ
ĐͿ^ĞũĂ݊ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞǀĞǌĞƐƋƵĞƐĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƋƵĞƐĂŝĂĨĂĐĞĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞϰ͘ŽŵŽĂ
ଵ ௡ ଵ
ƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ͕ŶƵŵůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽ͕ƐĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞϰĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ൎ ͕ƉĞůŽ
ଷ ଺଴଴଴ ଷ
ƋƵĞ݊ ൎ ʹͲͲͲ͘


WĄŐ͘ϳϱ
ϭϲ͘^ĞũĂ݊ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞǀĞǌĞƐƋƵĞƐĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƋƵĞŽƌƵŶŽŐĂŶŚĞĂĂƉŽƐƚĂ͘ŽŵŽĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ͕
ସ ௡ ସ
ŶƵŵĂĂƉŽƐƚĂ͕ŽƌƵŶŽŐĂŶŚĂƌĠŝŐƵĂůĂଷ଻͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ଻ସ଴ ൎ ଷ଻͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕݊ ൎ ͺͲ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞĞƐƉĞƌĂ
ƋƵĞŽƌƵŶŽŐĂŶŚĞĞŵͺͲĚĂƐ͹ͶͲĂƉŽƐƚĂƐ͘
WĂƌĂĂƉŽƐƚĂƌ͹ͶͲǀĞǌĞƐ͕ŽƌƵŶŽŐĂƐƚĂ͹ͶͲͲĞƵƌŽƐ͘
ŵĐĂĚĂĂƉŽƐƚĂĞŵƋƵĞŐĂŶŚĂ͕ŽƌƵŶŽƌĞĐĞďĞͻͲĞƵƌŽƐ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĞŵͺͲĂƉŽƐƚĂƐŐĂŶŚĂƐ͕ƌĞĐĞďĞ
͹ʹͲͲĞƵƌŽƐ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĠĚĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƌƋƵĞ͕ŶŽĨŝŶĂů͕ŽƌƵŶŽƚĞŶŚĂƉĞƌĚŝĚŽʹͲͲĞƵƌŽƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϴϬ
ϭϳ͘ĂͿሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ǡ ͺሽ
ďͿሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ǡ ͺሽ͖ŚĄŽŝƚŽďŽůĂƐŶŽƐĂĐŽĞĂďŽůĂĐŽŵŽŶƷŵĞƌŽϱƉŽĚĞƐĂŝƌăƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂŽƵă
ŽŝƚĂǀĂďŽůĂ͘
ĐͿሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ሽ͖ŚĄĐŝŶĐŽďŽůĂƐĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌŶŽƐĂĐŽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽ
ĞǆƚƌĂŝƌĂƚĠƐĞŝƐďŽůĂƐĂŶƚĞƐĚĞƐĂŝƌĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌ͘
ĚͿሼሺǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ሻሽ
ĞͿሼሺǡ ǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ǡ ሻሽ

ϭϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ŶŽĞƐƉĂĕŽĚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐ‫ ܧ‬ൌ ሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ሽ͗
ĂͿ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼͳǡ Ͷሽ
ďͿ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ሼͳǡ ʹǡ Ͷሽ
ĐͿ‫ ܥ‬ൌ ሼ͵ǡ ͸ሽ

ϭϵ͘^ĞũĂ‫݌‬ŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨƐĂŝƌĨĂĐĞƉŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĂŶƵŵůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽͩĞƐĞũĂ݁ŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽ
ͨƐĂŝƌĨĂĐĞĞƵƌŽƉĞŝĂŶƵŵůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽͩ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼሺ‫݌‬ǡ ݁ǡ ‫݌‬ሻǡ ሺ݁ǡ ‫݌‬ǡ ݁ሻሽ͘

ϮϬ͘^ĞũĂ‫ܯ‬ŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨKĨŝůŚŽĠƌĂƉĂǌͩĞƐĞũĂ‫ܨ‬ŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨKĨŝůŚŽĠƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂͩ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ĂͿ

ďͿ


Ϯϭ͘ĂͿKĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽŶĆŽĠĞůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌƉŽƌƋƵĞĠĨŽƌŵĂĚŽƉŽƌŵĂŝƐĚŽƋƵĞƵŵĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚŽĞƐƉĂĕŽ
ĂŵŽƐƚƌĂů͗ĂƋƵĞůĞƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞƐĂĞŵĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐĂǌƵŝƐĞĂƋƵĞůĞƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ
ƐĂĞŵĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐǀĞƌĚĞƐ͘
ďͿKĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĠĞůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌƉŽƌƋƵĞĠĨŽƌŵĂĚŽƉŽƌƵŵƷŶŝĐŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚŽĞƐƉĂĕŽĂŵŽƐƚƌĂů͗
ĂƋƵĞůĞƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞƐĂĞŵĂďŽůĂĂŵĂƌĞůĂĞĂďŽůĂǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂ͘
ĐͿKĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĠĞůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌƉŽƌƋƵĞĠĨŽƌŵĂĚŽƉŽƌƵŵƷŶŝĐŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĚŽĞƐƉĂĕŽĂŵŽƐƚƌĂů͗
ĂƋƵĞůĞƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞƐĂĞŵĂďŽůĂĂŵĂƌĞůĂĞƵŵĂĚĂƐĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐǀĞƌĚĞƐ͘

ϮϮ͘EŽĞƐƉĂĕŽĚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĚĂƐƐŽŵĂƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ܧ‬ൌ ሼʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ǡ ͺǡ ͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳǡ ͳʹሽ͕
ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼͶǡ ͺǡ ͳʹሽĞ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ሼ͸ǡ ͳʹሽ͘ŶƚĆŽ͗
ĂͿ‫ ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼͶǡ ͸ǡ ͺǡ ͳʹሽ
ďͿ‫ ܤ ת ܣ‬ൌ ሼͳʹሽ

Ϯϯ͘

Ϯϰ͘EƵŵĞƐƉĂĕŽ‫͕ܧ‬ƐĞĂŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ƐĆŽĐŽŶƚƌĄƌŝŽƐ͕ĂŶĆŽƌĞĂůŝǌĂĕĆŽĚĞ‫ܣ‬ŝŵƉůŝĐĂĂ
ƌĞĂůŝǌĂĕĆŽĚĞ‫͘ܤ‬

WĄŐ͘ϴϭ
Ϯϱ͘WŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕‫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼͳǡ ʹሽĞ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ሼ͵ǡ ͷǡ ͸ሽ͕ŽƵ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕‫͗ܣ‬ƐĂŝƌŶ͘ŽƉĂƌĞ‫͗ܤ‬ƐĂŝƌϯŽƵϱ͖

ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŵĂŵďŽƐŽƐĐĂƐŽƐ͕ƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ƐĆŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͕ƉŽŝƐ‫ ܤ ת ܣ‬ൌ ‫͕׎‬ŵĂƐŶĆŽƐĆŽ
ĐŽŶƚƌĄƌŝŽƐ͕ƉŽŝƐ‫͘ܧ ് ܤ ׫ ܣ‬

Ϯϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼሺͳǡ ͳǡ ͳሻǡ ሺʹǡ ʹǡ ʹሻǡ ሺ͵ǡ ͵ǡ ͵ሻǡ ሺͶǡ Ͷǡ Ͷሻǡ ሺͷǡ ͷǡ ͷሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ ͸ǡ ͸ሻሽ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ĂͿሺʹǡ ͷǡ ͸ሻ ‫ܣ ב‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞሺʹǡ ͷǡ ͸ሻ ‫ܣ א‬ҧ͘
ďͿሺ͵ǡ Ͷǡ Ͷሻ ‫ܣ ב‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞሺ͵ǡ Ͷǡ Ͷሻ ‫ܣ א‬ҧ͘

Ϯϳ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼʹǡ Ͷǡ ͸ሽĞ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ሼͳǡ ʹሽ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ĂͿ‫ܤ‬ത ൌ ሼ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ሽ
ďͿ‫ ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ൌ ሼͳǡ ʹǡ Ͷǡ ͸ሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬ ‫ ܤ ׫‬ൌ ሼ͵ǡ ͷሽ͘
ĐͿ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത ൌ ሼͶǡ ͸ሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܤ ת‬ത ൌ ሼͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ ͷሽ͘

തതതതതത ൌ ሼʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ሽ͘
ĚͿ‫ ܣ̳ܤ‬ൌ ሼͳሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܣ̳ܤ‬

Ϯϴ͘ĂͿ‫ ܤ ת ܣ‬ൌ ‫^͘׎‬Ğ‫ ܤ ת ܣ‬ൌ ‫͕׎‬ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܤ ؿ ܣ‬ത͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ ܤ̳ܣ‬ൌ ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത ͕ǀĞŵ‫ ܤ̳ܣ‬ൌ ‫͘ܣ‬
ďͿ‫^͘ܤ ؿ ܣ‬Ğ‫͕ܤ ؿ ܣ‬ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത ൌ ‫͕׎‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ ܤ̳ܣ‬ൌ ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത ͕ǀĞŵ‫ ܤ̳ܣ‬ൌ ‫͘׎‬

Ϯϵ͘ĂͿ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܤ ת‬ത ൌ ͮ>ĞŝƐĚĞĚĞDŽƌŐĂŶ
ത
ൌ ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ ܤ ׫‬ൌ ͮĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌĚŽĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌ
ҧ
ൌ ‫ ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ൌ ͮŽŵƵƚĂƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ‫׫‬
ൌ ‫ܣ ׫ ܤ‬ҧ
തതതതതതതതതതതതത
ďͿ‫ܣ‬ ‫ ܥ ת ܤ ת‬ൌ ͮƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ‫ת‬
തതതതതതതതതതതതതതത
ൌ ሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ‫ ܥ ת‬ൌ ͮ>ĞŝƐĚĞĚĞDŽƌŐĂŶ
ൌ‫ܣ‬ തതതതതതത
‫ܥ ׫ ܤ ת‬ҧ ൌ ͮ>ĞŝƐĚĞĚĞDŽƌŐĂŶ
ൌ ሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬തሻ ‫ܥ ׫‬ҧ ൌ ͮƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ‫׫‬
ൌ ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬ത ‫ܥ ׫‬ҧ

ϯϬ͘ĂͿ

ďͿ

ଷ ଵ ଵ ଷ
ϯϭ͘ŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ğܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൅ ൌ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕
ହ ସ ଶ ସ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ് ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ƉĞůŽĂǆŝŽŵĂϯ͕‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ŶĆŽƐĆŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͘

ϯϮ͘ĂͿWĂƌĂƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ƐĞũĂŵŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͕ƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƚĞƌܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ͘
ହ ଶ ହ ଵ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ฻ ൌ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ െ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ ଶ
ଶ ଵ ଶ ଷ ଵ଻ ଵ଻
ďͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൅ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൌ ൅ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ ൐ ͳ͕ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻŶĆŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌ
ଷ ସ ଷ ସ ଵଶ ଵଶ
ŝŐƵĂůĂܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ͘

ϯϯ͘ŽŵŽ‫ ܤ ת ܣ‬ൌ ‫͕׎‬ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͗
ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ሾܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻሿ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ

ϯϰ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܥ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐͨƐĂŝƌĄƐͩĞͨƐĂŝƌĐŽƉĂƐ͕ͩƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ସ ଵଷ
භܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ භܲሺ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൌ
ହଶ ହଶ
ଵ
භܲሺ‫ܥ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺǼǽሻ ൌ
ହଶ
ସ ଵଷ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܲሺǼǽሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܥ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܥ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ହଶ ൅ ହଶ െ ହଶ


ϯϱ͘ĂͿܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͶ ൅ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡ͵ሻ െ Ͳǡ͵ ൌ Ͳǡͺ
ďͿܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ Ͳǡͻ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ ൅ Ͳǡ͹ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͶ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬തሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ തതതതതതത
‫ ܤ ת‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ͲǡͶ ൌ Ͳǡ͸

ϯϲ͘
ĂͿKŵşŶŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ‫͕ܣ ؿ ܤ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽƐĞƚĞŵ
‫ ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ൌ ‫͕ܣ‬ǀĞŵܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͹͘
WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൐ ͳ͕‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ŶĆŽƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͘ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽŵĄǆŝŵŽ
ǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ‫ ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ൌ ‫͘ܧ‬
EĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕Ͳǡ͹ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ͘
ŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞŽŵĄǆŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ

ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻĠŵşŶŝŵŽĞǀŝĐĞͲǀĞƌƐĂ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ͳǡͳ െ ͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͳǡͳ െ Ͳǡ͹͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕Ͳǡͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͲǡͶ͘
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ ͳ െ Ͳǡ͸ ൌ ͲǡͶ͘

KŵĄǆŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻŽĐŽƌƌĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫͘ܤ ؿ‬
EĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ ͲǡͶ͘
WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͻ͕‫ܣ‬ҧĞ‫ܤ‬ƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͕ĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ
ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕Ͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൑ ͲǡͶ͘

WĄŐ͘ϴϮ
ϯϳ͘ĂͿ
ďͿܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬തሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ ฻

฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬തሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬തሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ ฻
฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬തሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬തሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ ฻
฻ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬തሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ ฻
฻ ܲ൫‫ܣ‬ തതതതതതത
‫ܤ ת‬ത ൯ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ

ϯϴܲ͘ሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ ൅ Ͳǡ͹ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡ͵ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ
ŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൒ Ͳǡ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫͘׎ ് ܤ ת ܣ‬


ϯϵ͘

ϰϬ͘ĂͿƚĂďĞůĂĂŽůĂĚŽĠĂƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌĂ ൅ ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸
ĞǆƉĞƌŝġŶĐŝĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸ ͹
ĚŽŝƐĚĂĚŽƐĞƋƵŝůŝďƌĂĚŽƐĞĂĚŝĐŝŽŶĂƌŽƐ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸ ͹ ͺ
ŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐ͘ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸ ͹ ͺ ͻ
ଶ ଵ
ܲ ൌ ൌ Ͷ ͷ ͸ ͹ ͺ ͻ ͳͲ
ଷ଺ ଵ଼
ͷ ͸ ͹ ͺ ͻ ͳͲ ͳͳ
ďͿܲ ൌ ൌ
ଵ଼ ଵ ͸ ͹ ͺ ͻ ͳͲ ͳͳ ͳʹ
ଷ଺ ଶ

ĐͿƚĂďĞůĂĂŽůĂĚŽĠĂƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌĂ ൈ ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸
ĞǆƉĞƌŝġŶĐŝĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ ͳ ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸
ĚŽŝƐĚĂĚŽƐĞƋƵŝůŝďƌĂĚŽƐĞŵƵůƚŝƉůŝĐĂƌŽƐ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ͸ ͺ ͳͲ ͳʹ
ŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐ͘ ͵ ͵ ͸ ͻ ͳʹ ͳͷ ͳͺ
ସ ଵ
ܲ ൌ ൌ Ͷ Ͷ ͺ ͳʹ ͳ͸ ʹͲ ʹͶ
ଷ଺ ଽ
ͷ ͷ ͳͲ ͳͷ ʹͲ ʹͷ ͵Ͳ
ଶ଻
ĚͿܲ ൌ ଷ଺ ൌ ସ
ଷ ͸ ͸ ͳʹ ͳͺ ʹͶ ͵Ͳ ͵͸

ϰϭ͘,Ą͸ଷ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƉĂƌĂŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŽďƐĞƌǀĂĚŽƐŶŽƐƚƌġƐĚĂĚŽƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸;ƐĂŝƌͳŶŽƐƚƌġƐĚĂĚŽƐ͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌʹŶŽƐƚƌġƐĚĂĚŽƐ͕͙͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌ͸
ŶŽƐƚƌġƐĚĂĚŽƐͿ
଺ ଵ
଺ ଷ଺
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଺‫ܣ‬ଷ
ల
஺ ଺ൈହൈସ ଶ଴ ହ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ యయ ൌ య ൌ ൌ
଺ ଺ ଷ଺ ଽ

ϰϮ͘,Ą ଵହ‫ܥ‬ଶ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͳͲͷƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƉĂƌĂĂƐĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐƚŝƌĂĚĂƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ;ƐĂŝƌͳͻ͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌʹͺ͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌ͵͹͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌͶ͸Ϳ
ସ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ଵ଴ହ


ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଻‫ܥ‬ଶ ൅ ଼‫ܥ‬ଶ ;ĂƐŽŵĂĠƉĂƌƐĞĂŵďŽƐŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĨŽƌĞŵƉĂƌĞƐŽƵƐĞ
ĂŵďŽƐĨŽƌĞŵşŵƉĂƌĞƐͿ
ళ
஼మ ା ఴ஼మ ସଽ ଻
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ൌ
ଵ଴ହ ଵ଴ହ ଵହ
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵;ƐĂŝƌͳͳʹ͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌʹ͸͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌ͵ͶͿ
ଷ ଵ
ଵ଴ହ ଷହ
ĚͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸;ƐĂŝƌͳʹ͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌͳ͵͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌͳͷ͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌͳ͹͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌ
ͳͳͳ͕ŽƵƐĂŝƌͳͳ͵Ϳ
଺ ଶ
ଵ଴ହ ଷହ
ĞͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͺ;ƐĂŝƌͻĞƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĞŶƚƌĞͳĞͺŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞͿ
଼
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗
ଵ଴ହ

ϰϯ͘,Ą͹ǨƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵŝƌŽƐƐĞƚĞďŝůŚĞƚĞƐƉĞůŽƐƐĞƚĞũŽǀĞŶƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͶǨ ൈ ͵Ǩ;ƐſĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĂŵĂŶĞŝƌĂĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽůƵŐĂƌĞƐƋƵĞ
ǀĆŽƐĞƌŽĐƵƉĂĚŽƐƉĞůĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͿ
ସǨൈଷǨ ଵ
଻Ǩ ଷହ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ ൈ ͶǨ ൈ ͵Ǩ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĚƵĂƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽůƵŐĂƌĞƐ
ƋƵĞǀĆŽƐĞƌŽĐƵƉĂĚŽƐƉĞůĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐ͗ŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂĞƐƋƵĞƌĚĂŽƵŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂ
ĚŝƌĞŝƚĂͿ
ଶൈସǨൈଷǨ ଶ
଻Ǩ ଷହ
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ ͶǨ ൈ ͵Ǩ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĐŝŶĐŽŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌŽƐƚƌġƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐƋƵĞ
ǀĆŽƐĞƌŽĐƵƉĂĚŽƐƉĞůŽƐƌĂƉĂǌĞƐ͗
ହൈସǨൈଷǨ ଵ
଻Ǩ ଻
ĚͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͹Ǩ െ ͸ ൈ ʹǨ ൈ ͷǨ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ͸ ൈ ʹǨ ൈ ͷǨŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞŽƐƐĞƚĞĂŵŝŐŽƐ
ŽĐƵƉĂƌĞŵŽƐƐĞƚĞůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĞŵŽĚŽƋƵĞĂŶĂĞŽƌƵŶŽĨŝƋƵĞŵũƵŶƚŽƐͿ
଻Ǩି଺ൈଶǨൈହǨ ହ
଻Ǩ ଻


ϰϰ͘,ĄͳͲସ ĐſĚŝŐŽƐĚĞŵƵůƚŝďĂŶĐŽĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲସ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ܣ‬ସ
భబ
஺ర ଵ଴ൈଽൈ଼ൈ଻
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ൌ ͲǡͷͲͶ
ଵ଴ర ଵ଴଴଴଴
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲସ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ͻଶ ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞƐĞůĞĐŝŽŶĂƌŽƐĚŽŝƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐ
ŽĐƵƉĂĚŽƐƉĞůŽƐĚŽŝƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐϱĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵͻଶ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌŽƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐĚŽŝƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͕ĂŵďŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞϱͿ
ర
஼మ ൈଽమ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ͲǡͲͶͺ͸
ଵ଴ర
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲସ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ܥ‬ସ ;ŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƚġŵĚĞƐĞƌƚŽĚŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͖ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂĞƐĐŽůŚĂ
ĚĞƋƵĂƚƌŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĂƷŶŝĐĂĨŽƌŵĂĚĞŽƐĐŽůŽĐĂƌƉŽƌŽƌĚĞŵĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞͿ
భబ
஼
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ రర ൌ ͲǡͲʹͳ
ଵ଴

ϰϱ͘,Ą ଵଶ‫ ଺ܥ‬ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞƋƵŝƉĂƐĚĞƐĞŝƐĚĂƋƵĞůĞƐĚŽǌĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͘ŽŶƐƚŝƚƵşĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ŽƵƚƌĂ
ĨŝĐĂƚĂŵďĠŵĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂĚĂ͘
భమ
஼ల
ǆŝƐƚĞŵ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ଶ
ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐŵŽĚŽƐĚĞĚŝǀŝĚŝƌŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚĞĚŽǌĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĞŵĚƵĂƐ
ĞƋƵŝƉĂƐĚĞƐĞŝƐ͘
భమ
஼
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଶ ల
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳ;ƐſĞǆŝƐƚĞƵŵĂŵĂŶĞŝƌĂĚĞƌĞƉĂƌƚŝƌĂƋƵĞůĞƐĚŽǌĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĞŵ
ĚƵĂƐĞƋƵŝƉĂƐĞŵƋƵĞƵŵĂĠƐſĚĞƌĂƉĂǌĞƐĞĂŽƵƚƌĂĠƐſĚĞƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͿ
ଵ ଶ ଵ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ భమ಴ ൌ భమ ൌ
஼ల ସ଺ଶ
ల
మ

ϰϲ͘,Ąʹ͸ଷ ൈ ͳͲସ ĐſĚŝŐŽƐĚĞĂĐĞƐƐŽĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ͸ଷ ൈ ͳͲସ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ሺʹ͸ଷ െ ʹ͸ሻ ൈ ͳͲ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵʹ͸ƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐůĞƚƌĂƐŝŐƵĂŝƐ͕ƉĞůŽ
ƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĞŵʹ͸ଷ െ ʹ͸ƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐůĞƚƌĂƐĐŽŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐĚƵĂƐůĞƚƌĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐͿ
൫ଶ଺య ିଶ଺൯ൈଵ଴
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ଶ଺య ൈଵ଴ర
ൌ ͲǡͲͲͲͻͻͺͷ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ͸ଷ ൈ ͳͲସ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ʹͷଶ ൈ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ͻଶ ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ͵ůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƋƵĞƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌ
ŽĐƵƉĂĚŽƐƉĞůŽ<͕ʹͷŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌƵŵĂůĞƚƌĂƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĚŽƐŽƵƚƌŽƐĚŽŝƐ
ůƵŐĂƌĞƐ͕ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌŽƐĚŽŝƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐƉƌĞĞŶĐŚŝĚŽƐĐŽŵϭĞͻŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ
ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌƵŵĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĚŽƐŽƵƚƌŽƐĚŽŝƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐͿ
ଷൈଶହమ ൈ ర஼మ ൈଽమ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ͲǡͲͲͷͳͺͶ͸
ଶ଺య ൈଵ଴ర

WĄŐ͘ϴϯ

ϰϳ͘,Ąͻ ൈ ͻ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕Ͷͷ͵͸ŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŶĂƚƵƌĂŝƐƋƵĞƐĞĞƐĐƌĞǀĞŵĐŽŵƋƵĂƚƌŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ
ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷͷ͵͸
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͻ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹ ൈ ͳ ൅ ͺ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹ ൈ ͳ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵͻ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹ ൈ ͳĚĞƐƐĞƐ
ŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƚĞƌŵŝŶĂĚŽƐĞŵͲĞĞǆŝƐƚĞŵͺ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹ ൈ ͳĚĞƐƐĞƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƚĞƌŵŝŶĂĚŽƐĞŵͷͿ
ଽൈ଼ൈ଻ൈଵା଼ൈ଼ൈ଻ൈଵ ଵ଻
ସହଷ଺ ଼ଵ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷͷ͵͸
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ ͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͵ ൅ ͵ ൈ ሺͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͵ሻ
භƐĞŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽşŵƉĂƌĨŽƌŽĚŽƐŵŝůŚĂƌĞƐ͗ͷ ൈ ͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͵
භƐĞŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽşŵƉĂƌĨŽƌŽĚĂƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĂƐ͕ŽƵŽĚĂƐĚĞǌĞŶĂƐ͕ŽƵŽĚĂƐƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐ͗ͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͵
ହൈହൈସൈଷାଷൈሺହൈସൈସൈଷሻ ଵ଴ଶ଴ ଼ହ
ସହଷ଺ ସହଷ଺ ଷ଻଼
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷͷ͵͸
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳ ൈ ͵ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹ ൅ ͵ ൈ ͻ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹
භƐĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĨŽƌŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞͶͲͲͲ͗ͳ ൈ ͵ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹
භƐĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĨŽƌŵĞŶŽƌĚŽƋƵĞͶͲͲͲ͗͵ ൈ ͻ ൈ ͺ ൈ ͹
ଵൈଷൈ଼ൈ଻ାଷൈଽൈ଼ൈ଻ ଵ଺଼଴ ଵ଴
ସହଷ଺ ସହଷ଺ ଶ଻

ϰϴ͘,Ąͻ ൈ ͳͲ ൈ ͳͲ ൈ ͳ ൈ ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͻͲͲĐĂƉŝĐƵĂƐĚĞĐŝŶĐŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͻͲͲ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ ͷ ൈ ͷ ൈ ͳ ൈ ͳ
ଵଶହ ହ
ଽ଴଴ ଷ଺

ϰϵ͘,Ąͳͷ ൈ ͳͶ ൈ ͳ͵ŵŽĚŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞĞǆƚƌĂŝƌ͕ƐĞŵƌĞƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ͕ƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͷ ൈ ͳͶ ൈ ͳ͵
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͵ ൅ ͺ ൈ ͹ ൈ ͸;ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂƐƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐƚĞŶŚĂŵĂŵĞƐŵĂĐŽƌ͕
ĠŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƋƵĞƐĞũĂŵƚŽĚĂƐǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂƐŽƵƚŽĚĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐͿ
ହൈସൈଷା଼ൈ଻ൈ଺ ଺଺
ଵହൈଵସൈଵଷ ସହହ

ϱϬ͘,ĄͶͲ ൈ ͵ͻĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞĚƵĂƐĐĂƌƚĂƐƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞŵŽďƚĞƌ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͶͲ ൈ ͵ͻ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ ൈ ͵
ଵଶ ଵ
ସ଴ൈଷଽ ଵଷ଴
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͷ͸Ͳ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͶͲ ൈ ͵Ͳ
ସ଴ൈଷ଴ ଷ଴ ଵ଴
ସ଴ൈଷଽ ଷଽ ଵଷ


ϱϭ͘,Ąͳͷ ൈ ͳͶ ൈ ͳ͵ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐĚĂƐƋƵŝŶǌĞďŽůĂƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͷ ൈ ͳͶ ൈ ͳ͵
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͵ ൅ ͳͲ ൈ ͻ ൈ ͺ;ĂƐƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐƐĆŽĚĂŵĞƐŵĂĐŽƌƐĞĨŽƌĞŵ
ƚŽĚĂƐǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂƐŽƵ͕ĞŵĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚŝǀĂ͕ƚŽĚĂƐĂǌƵŝƐͿ
ହൈସൈଷାଵ଴ൈଽൈ଼ ଶ
ଵହൈଵସൈଵଷ ଻
ďͿŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞůĂƐƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐƐĞƌĞŵĚĞĐŽƌĞƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͕ƉŽŝƐƐſŚĄďŽůĂƐĚĞĚƵĂƐĐŽƌĞƐ͘
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗Ͳ
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͷ ൈ ͳͶ ൈ ͳ͵
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ሺͷ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͳͲ ൅ ͳͲ ൈ ͻ ൈ ͷሻ;ĂďŽůĂĚĂĐŽƌĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞĚĂƐŽƵƚƌĂƐ
ĚƵĂƐƉŽĚĞƐĂŝƌĞŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƵŵĂĚĂƐƚƌġƐĞǆƚƌĂĕƁĞƐ͖ĞŵĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚŝǀĂ͕ƉŽĚĞŵĞǆƚƌĂŝƌͲƐĞĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐ
ǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂƐĞƵŵĂĂǌƵůŽƵĚƵĂƐĂǌƵŝƐĞƵŵĂǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂͿ
ଷൈሺହൈସൈଵ଴ାଵ଴ൈଽൈହሻ ହ
ଵହൈଵସൈଵଷ ଻

ϱϮ͘භ'ĂŶŚĂŶĚŽƐĞĂƐďŽůĂƐƚŝǀĞƌĞŵĐŽƌĞƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͗
ǆƚƌĂĕĆŽƐĞŵƌĞƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ
,Ą͸ ൈ ͷ ൈ ͶĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐĚĂƐƐĞŝƐďŽůĂƐ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ ൈ ͷ ൈ Ͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ʹ ൈ ͳ ൈ ͵Ǩ
ଷൈଶൈଵൈଷǨ ଷ
଺ൈହൈସ ଵ଴
ǆƚƌĂĕĆŽĐŽŵƌĞƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ
,Ą͸ ൈ ͸ ൈ ͸ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐĚĂƐƐĞŝƐďŽůĂƐ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ ൈ ͸ ൈ ͸
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ʹ ൈ ͳ ൈ ͵Ǩ
ଷൈଶൈଵൈଷǨ ଵ
଺ൈ଺ൈ଺ ଺
ଷ ଵ
ŽŵŽ ൐ ͕ĠŵĂŝƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞůĞǆƚƌĂŝƌƐĞŵƌĞƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ͘
ଵ଴ ଺
භ'ĂŶŚĂŶĚŽƐĞĂƐďŽůĂƐƚŝǀĞƌĞŵĂŵĞƐŵĂĐŽƌ͗
ǆƚƌĂĕĆŽƐĞŵƌĞƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ
,Ą͸ ൈ ͷ ൈ ͶĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐĚĂƐƐĞŝƐďŽůĂƐ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ ൈ ͷ ൈ Ͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ʹ ൈ ͳ;ƐĂşĚĂĚĂƐƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐǀĞƌĚĞƐͿ
ଷൈଶൈଵ ଵ
଺ൈହൈସ ଶ଴
ǆƚƌĂĕĆŽĐŽŵƌĞƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ
,Ą͸ ൈ ͸ ൈ ͸ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐĚĂƐƐĞŝƐďŽůĂƐ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸ ൈ ͸ ൈ ͸
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ͵ ൈ ͵ ൅ ʹ ൈ ʹ ൈ ʹ ൅ ͳ;ƐĂşĚĂ͕ĞŵĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚŝǀĂ͕ĚĞƚƌġƐǀĞǌĞƐƵŵĂ
ĚĂƐďŽůĂƐǀĞƌĚĞƐŽƵĚĞƚƌġƐǀĞǌĞƐƵŵĂĚĂƐďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐŽƵĚĞƚƌġƐǀĞǌĞƐĂďŽůĂĂŵĂƌĞůĂͿ
ଷൈଷൈଷାଶൈଶൈଶାଵ ଵ
଺ൈ଺ൈ଺ ଺
ଵ ଶ
ŽŵŽ଺ ൐ ଶ଴͕ĠŵĂŝƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞůĞǆƚƌĂŝƌĐŽŵƌĞƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ͘


ϱϯ͘,Ą ହଶ‫ܣ‬ଷ ൌ ͷʹ ൈ ͷͳ ൈ ͷͲĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐĚĂƐϱϮĐĂƌƚĂƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͷʹ ൈ ͷͳ ൈ ͷͲ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳ͵ ൈ ͳʹ ൈ ͳͳ;ŚĄ ଵଷ‫ܣ‬ଷ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐĐĂƌƚĂƐĚĞ
ĐŽƉĂƐͿ
ଵଷൈଵଶൈଵଵ ଵଵ
ହଶൈହଵൈହ଴ ଼ହ଴
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͷʹ ൈ ͷͳ ൈ ͷͲ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ͵ͻ ൈ ͳ͵ ൈ ͳʹ;ŚĄƚƌġƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐƉĂƌĂĂĐĂƌƚĂƋƵĞŶĆŽ
ĠĚĞĐŽƉĂƐĞ͵ͻĐĂƌƚĂƐƋƵĞŶĆŽƐĆŽĚĞĐŽƉĂƐ͖ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞƐƚĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ͕ŚĄͳ͵ ൈ ͳʹ
ƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞĚƵĂƐĐĂƌƚĂƐĚĞĐŽƉĂƐƉĂƌĂĂƐĚƵĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƉŽƐŝĕƁĞƐͿ
ଷൈଷଽൈଵଷൈଵଶ ଵଵ଻
ହଶൈହଵൈହ଴ ଼ହ଴
ĐͿKĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨƐĂşƌĞŵŶĆŽŵĂŝƐĚŽƋƵĞĚƵĂƐĐŽƉĂƐͩĠŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĐŽŶƚƌĄƌŝŽĚĞ
ଵଵ ଼ଷଽ
ͨƐĂşƌĞŵƚƌġƐĐŽƉĂƐͩƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂͳ െ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ ͘
଼ହ଴ ଼ହ଴

ϱϰ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵Ǩ ൈ ʹǨ ൈ ʹǨ ൈ ʹǨ;ŚĄ͵ǨŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞŽƌĚĞŶĂƌŽƐƚƌġƐĐĂƐĂŝƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ
ĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ŚĄʹǨŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐĂĚĂĐĂƐĂůƐĞƐĞŶƚĂƌŶĂƐƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀĂƐĐĂĚĞŝƌĂƐͿ
ଷǨൈଶǨൈଶǨൈଶǨ ଵ
଺Ǩ ଵହ

ϱϱ͘,Ą͕ŶĂĞƐĐŽůĂ͕͸ͲƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐĞʹͲƌĂƉĂǌĞƐ͘
,Ą ଼଴‫ܥ‬ସ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞͶĚŽƐͺͲĂůƵŶŽƐ
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଼଴‫ܥ‬ସ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଺଴‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଶ଴‫ܥ‬ଶ
లబ
஼మ ൈ మబ஼మ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ఴబ ൎ Ͳǡʹͳ
஼ర
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଼଴‫ܥ‬ସ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଺଴‫ܥ‬ଷ ൈ ଶ଴‫ܥ‬ଵ ൅ ଺଴‫ܥ‬ସ;ŚĄŵĂŝƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐĚŽƋƵĞƌĂƉĂǌĞƐŶŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽ
ĚŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽĂůƵŶŽƐƐĞŚŽƵǀĞƌƚƌġƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐĞƵŵƌĂƉĂǌŽƵƐĞŚŽƵǀĞƌƋƵĂƚƌŽƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͿ
లబ
஼య ൈ మబ஼భ ା లబ஼ర
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ఴబ ൎ Ͳǡ͹Ͷ
஼ర

ϱϲ͘,Ą ଶ଼‫ܥ‬ଷ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞ͵ĚŽƐʹͺĂůƵŶŽƐ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଶ଼‫ܥ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଵଶ‫ܥ‬ଵ
భల
஼మ ൈ భమ஼భ ସ଴
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ మఴ ൌ
஼య ଽଵ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଶ଼‫ܥ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ͸;ŚĄʹ͸ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐƉĂƌĂŽĂůƵŶŽƋƵĞĠĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽƉĂƌĂ
ĂůĠŵĚŽdŝĂŐŽĞĚĂ>ĞŽŶŽƌͿ
ଶ଺ ଵ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗మఴ ൌ
஼య ଵଶ଺


WĄŐ͘ϴϯ

ϱϳ͘ĂͿ,Ą ଽ‫ܥ‬ହ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĨŽƌŵĂƐĚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵŝƌĂƐĐŝŶĐŽƉĞĕĂƐǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂƐŶŽƚĂďƵůĞŝƌŽ͘WĂƌĂĐĂĚĂ

ƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ĂƐƋƵĂƚƌŽƉĞĕĂƐĂŵĂƌĞůĂƐƉŽĚĞŵĨŝĐĂƌĐŽůŽĐĂĚĂƐĚĞŵŽĚŽƷŶŝĐŽŶĂƐƋƵĂƚƌŽĐĂƐĂƐ
ƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ͘
ďϭͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ܥ‬ହ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ ൈ ͸;ŚĄĚƵĂƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐƉĂƌĂĂĚŝĂŐŽŶĂůƋƵĞĨŝĐĂƐſĐŽŵƉĞĕĂƐ
ĂŵĂƌĞůĂƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ŚĄƐĞŝƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐƉĂƌĂĂĐĂƐĂŽŶĚĞĨŝĐĂƌĄĐŽůŽĐĂĚĂĂƉĞĕĂĂŵĂƌĞůĂ
ƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞ͖ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ĂƐĐŝŶĐŽƉĞĕĂƐǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂƐƉŽĚĞŵĨŝĐĂƌĐŽůŽĐĂĚĂƐĚĞŵŽĚŽƷŶŝĐŽ
ŶĂƐĐŝŶĐŽĐĂƐĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐͿ
ଶൈ଺ ଶ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ వ ൌ
஼ఱ ଶଵ
ďϮͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ܥ‬ହ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ ൈ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ െ ͳ;ĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚĂƵŵĂĚŝĂŐŽŶĂůĂƉƌĞĞŶĐŚĞƌĐŽŵƚƌġƐƉĞĕĂƐ
ǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂƐ͕ŚĄ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ŵŽĚŽƐĚĞĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĂƐĚƵĂƐĐĂƐĂƐĂŽĐƵƉĂƌĐŽŵĂƐĚƵĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƉĞĕĂƐ
ǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂƐͿ
ଶൈ ల஼మ ିଵ ଶଽ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ వ ൌ
஼ఱ ଵଶ଺

ϱϴ͘ĂͿ,Ą ଼‫ܥ‬ଶ ƌĞƚĂƐƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞŵĚĞĨŝŶŝƌĞƐĐŽůŚĞŶĚŽĚŽŝƐĚŽƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐĚŽĐƵďŽ͘
WĂƌĂĂůĠŵĚĞƐƚĂƐ͕ŚĄ͸ƌĞƚĂƐƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞŵĚĞĨŝŶŝƌĞƐĐŽůŚĞŶĚŽŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܫ‬ĞƵŵǀĠƌƚŝĐĞĚŽĐƵďŽ͕
ŚĄ͸ƌĞƚĂƐƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞŵĚĞĨŝŶŝƌĞƐĐŽůŚĞŶĚŽŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܬ‬ĞƵŵǀĠƌƚŝĐĞĚŽĐƵďŽ͕ŚĄ͸ƌĞƚĂƐƋƵĞƐĞ
ƉŽĚĞŵĚĞĨŝŶŝƌĞƐĐŽůŚĞŶĚŽŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܮ‬ĞƵŵǀĠƌƚŝĐĞĚŽĐƵďŽĞŚĄĂƐƌĞƚĂƐ‫ܬܫ‬Ğ‫͘ܮܫ‬
dŽƚĂůĚĞƌĞƚĂƐ͗ ଼‫ܥ‬ଶ ൅ ͵ ൈ ͸ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͷͺ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵଵ‫ܥ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸͹
,Ą ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܨܧܦܣ‬ሿ͘
,Ą ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܧܪܥܦ‬ሿ͘
,Ą ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܪܩܨܧ‬ሿ͘
,Ą ହ‫ܥ‬ଷ ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܦܥܤܣ‬ሿ͖ĚĞƐƚĂƐ͕ƵŵĂĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞăĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĞƚƌġƐ
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĐŽůŝŶĞĂƌĞƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĚĞĨŝŶĞƵŵƉůĂŶŽ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŚĄ ହ‫ܥ‬ଷ െ ͳĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐ
ƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܦܥܤܣ‬ሿ͘
,Ą ଺‫ܥ‬ଷ ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܩܪܥܤ‬ሿ͖ĚĞƐƚĂƐ͕ ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕Ͷ͕ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŵă
ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĐŽůŝŶĞĂƌĞƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŚĄ ଺‫ܥ‬ଷ െ Ͷ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܩܪܥܤ‬ሿ͘
,Ą ଻‫ܥ‬ଷ ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܨܩܤܣ‬ሿ͖ĚĞƐƚĂƐ͕ͳ ൅ ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͷ͕ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŵ
ăĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĐŽůŝŶĞĂƌĞƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŚĄ ଻‫ܥ‬ଷ െ ͷ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞŵƵŵƉůĂŶŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂĨĂĐĞሾ‫ܨܩܤܣ‬ሿ͘
dŽƚĂůĚĞƉůĂŶŽƐ͗͵ ൈ ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ൅ ൫ ହ‫ܥ‬ଷ െ ͳ൯ ൅ ൫ ଺‫ܥ‬ଷ െ Ͷ൯ ൅ ൫ ଻‫ܥ‬ଷ െ ͷ൯ ൌ ͸͹
଺଻ ଺଻
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗భభ ൌ
஼య ଵ଺ହ


ϱϵ͘EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂ͕ĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽƉƌŝƐŵĂ
ሾ‫ܬܫܪܩܨܧܦܥܤܣ‬ሿŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ܥ‬ଶ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ;ŚĄƋƵĂƚƌŽǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐ
ƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂŽƉůĂŶŽ‫Ϳݖܱݕ‬
ర
஼ ଶ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗భబ஼మ ൌ
మ ଵହ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ ൈ ͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ;ĂƐƌĞƚĂƐ‫ܧܨ‬ǡ ‫ܤܨ‬ǡ
‫Ϳܤܪܧܪ‬
ସ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗
ଶହ

ଵ଴
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ‫ܥ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ହ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ʹ ൈ ʹ;ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĞĚŽŝƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐĞŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĚĂƐ
ĚƵĂƐďĂƐĞƐ͕ŚĄĚŽŝƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐŶĂŽƵƚƌĂƋƵĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŵĚĞĨŝŶŝƌ͕ĐĂĚĂƵŵĐŽŵĂƋƵĞůĞƐĚŽŝƐ͕ƵŵƉůĂŶŽ
ƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌĂ‫Ϳݕܱݔ‬
ఱ
஼మ ൈଶൈଶ ଵ
஼య ଷ
ĚͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ହ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ;ĂƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐ‫ܧ‬ǡ ‫ܤ‬ǡ ‫ܧܨ‬ǡ ‫ܤ‬ǡ ‫ܪ‬
‫ܥ‬ǡ ‫ܦ‬ǡ ‫ܥܬ‬ǡ ‫ܦ‬ǡ ‫Ϳܫ‬
ସ ଶ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ఱ ൌ
஼మൈହ ଶହ

ϲϬ͘ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͺ ൈ ͸
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ;ĂƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐ‫ܫ‬ǡ ‫ܫܤ‬ǡ ‫ܦ‬
ܰǡ ‫ܰܪ‬ǡ ‫Ϳܨ‬
ସ ଵ
଼ൈ଺ ଵଶ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵସ‫ܥ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳʹ;ŚĄĚŽŝƐƚĞƌŶŽƐĚĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĐŽůŝŶĞĂƌĞƐĞŵĐĂĚĂĨĂĐĞĚŽĐƵďŽͿ
ଵଶ ଷ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗భర ൌ
஼య ଽଵ


Ϯ͘ĞĨŝŶŝƌƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĐŽŶĚŝĐŝŽŶĂĚĂ

WĄŐ͘ϴϱ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ŽůĂƐŶƵŵĂĐĂŝǆĂ
^ĂďĞŵŽƐƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂĞƌĂƉƌĞƚĂ͘ŽŵŽĞƐƚĂďŽůĂŶĆŽĨŽŝƌĞƉŽƐƚĂŶĂĐĂŝǆĂ͕ĨŝĐĂƌĂŵ͕
ƉĂƌĂĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƐĞŝƐďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐĞƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐƉƌĞƚĂƐŶĂĐĂŝǆĂ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŶĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ĞǆŝƐƚŝĂŵŶŽǀĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͕ĚŽƐƋƵĂŝƐƐĞŝƐƐĆŽĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐĂŽ
ĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂƐĞƌďƌĂŶĐĂͩ͘
଺ ଶ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ ͘
ଽ ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϴϳ

ҧ
௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ҧ
ϲϭ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͶ ฻ ௉ሺ஻ሻ ൌ ͲǡͶ ฻ ଴ǡହ ൌ ͲǡͶ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡʹ
ŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬തሻ͕ǀĞŵ͗
ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬തሻ ฻ Ͳǡ͵ ൌ Ͳǡʹ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬തሻ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬തሻ ൌ Ͳǡͳ

WĄŐ͘ϴϴ

ϲϮ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞ‫͕ܤ ؿ ܣ‬ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ത ൌ ‫͕׎‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬തሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫׎‬ሻ ൌ ͲĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕

௉ሺ஻ത‫ת‬஺ሻ ଴
ܲሺ‫ܤ‬തȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஺ሻ
ൌ ൌ Ͳ͘
௉ሺ஺ሻ

ଵ
ϲϯ͘ĂͿܲሺܰሻ ൌ ഥ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷͺ
ďͿܲሺ‫ܯ‬ ĐͿܲሺ‫ܰ ת ܯ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͲ͹
ହ
ଵ
ĚͿܲሺ‫ܯ‬ഥ ȁܰሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ͷ ĞͿܲሺܰȁ‫ܯ‬ሻ ൌ
଺

ϲϰ͘ĂͿ

ďͿ^ĞũĂŵ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܣ‬ŽĂƚůĞƚĂƉƌĂƚŝĐĂĨƵƚĞďŽů
‫͗ܤ‬ŽĂƚůĞƚĂƉƌĂƚŝĐĂǀŽůĞŝďŽů
ଵ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ğܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ଷ ଶ
KĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨŽĂƚůĞƚĂŶĆŽƉƌĂƚŝĐĂƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵĚĞƐƚĞƐĚŽŝƐĚĞƐƉŽƌƚŽƐͩƉŽĚĞƐĞƌƚƌĂĚƵǌŝĚŽ
ƉŽƌ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬ത͘
ଵ ଵ ହ
ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂŝŐƵĂůĚĂĚĞĚĂĂůşŶĞĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ׫‬തሻ ൌ ͳ െ ൈ ൌ ͘
ଷ ଶ ଺


WĄŐ͘ϴϵ

ϲϱ͘

WĄŐ͘ϵϬ

ϲϲ͘^ĞũĂܾŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐĞǆŝƐƚĞŶƚĞƐŝŶŝĐŝĂůŵĞŶƚĞŶĂĐĂŝǆĂ͘
^ĞũĂŵ‫ܤ‬ଵ Ğ‫ܤ‬ଶ ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫ܤ‬ଵ ͗ĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĠďƌĂŶĐĂ
‫ܤ‬ଶ ͗ĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĠďƌĂŶĐĂ
ହ
^ĂďĞͲƐĞƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܤ‬ଵ ‫ܤ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ͘
଺଼
௕ ௕ିଵ ௕మ ି௕
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ଵ ‫ܤ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ଵ ȁ‫ܤ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ
ଵ଻ ଵ଺ ଶ଻ଶ
௕మ ି௕ ହ
KƌĂ͕ ଶ଻ଶ ൌ ଺଼ ฻ ͸ͺܾ ଶ െ ͸ͺܾ െ ͳ͵͸Ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܾ െ ܾ െ ʹͲ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܾ ൌ െͶ ‫ ܾ ש‬ൌ ͷ
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵŝŶŝĐŝĂůŵĞŶƚĞŶĂĐĂŝǆĂ͕ĐŝŶĐŽďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐ͘

ϲϳ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܤ‬ĞܸŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܤ‬ƚŝƌĂƌƵŵĂďŽůĂĚĂĐĂŝǆĂ
ܸ͗ƚŝƌĂƌƵŵĂďŽůĂǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ସ ଶ ସ
ܲሺܸሻ ൌ ܲሺܸ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺܸ ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ ‫ܤ‬തሻ ൌ ܲሺܸ ‫ܤ ת‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺܸȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ
‫ ת‬ᇧᇥ
଺ ଻ ଶଵ
଴

ϲϴ͘ĂͿ


ďͿ
ĐͿ^ĞũĂŵ‫ܤ͕ܣ‬Ğ‫ܥ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܣ‬ĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĠďƌĂŶĐĂ
‫͗ܤ‬ĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĠďƌĂŶĐĂ
‫͗ܥ‬ĂƚĞƌĐĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĠďƌĂŶĐĂ
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܥ ת ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ͘
ଷ ଶ ଵ
KƌĂ͕ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ğܲሺ‫ܥ‬ȁ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
଺ ହ ସ
ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂŝŐƵĂůĚĂĚĞĚĂĂůşŶĞĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଷ ଶ ଵ ଵ
ܲሺ‫ܥ ת ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ȁ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ൈ ൈ ൌ
଺ ହ ସ ଶ଴

WĄŐ͘ϵϭ

ϲϵ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܧ‬ĞܸŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܧ‬ŽŝŽŐƵƌƚĞĞƐƚĄĞƐƚƌĂŐĂĚŽ
ܸ͗ŽŝŽŐƵƌƚĞĞƐƚĄŶŽƉƌĂǌŽĚĞǀĂůŝĚĂĚĞ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܲሺ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܸ ת ܧ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܸ ת ܧ‬ത ሻ ൌ ท ܲሺܸሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܧ‬ȁܸሻ ത ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܧ‬ȁܸ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ ൅ ܲሺܸ
ท ᇣᇧᇤᇧതᇥሻ ൌ ͲǡͲͲ͹ͷ ൅ Ͳǡͳ͹ͷ ൌ Ͳǡͳͺʹͷ
య ଴ǡ଴ଵ భ ଴ǡ଻
ర ర

WĄŐ͘ϵϮ

ϳϬ͘^ĞũĂŵܱଵ Ğܱଶ ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗

ܱଵ ͗ĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĐĂƌƚĂĠĚĞŽƵƌŽƐ
ܱଶ ͗ĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĐĂƌƚĂĠĚĞŽƵƌŽƐ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܲሺܱଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺܱଶ ‫ܱ ת‬ଵ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܱଶ ‫ ת‬തതത ܱଵ ሻ ൌ ܲሺܱ
ᇣᇤᇥଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺܱ
ᇣᇧ ଶ ȁܱ
ᇧᇤᇧ ᇧᇥ തതതଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺܱ
ଵ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܱ
ᇣᇤᇥ ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ തതത
ଶ ȁܱ
ᇧᇥଵ ሻ ൌ
భయ భమ యవ భయ
ఱమ ఱభ ఱమ ఱభ
ଵ ଵଷ ଵ
ൌ ൅ ൌ
ଵ଻ ଺଼ ସ

ϳϭ͘^ĞũĂŵܸĞܵŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
ܸ͗ŽĚĂĚŽĠǀŝĐŝĂĚŽ
ܵ͗ĂĨĂĐĞŽďƚŝĚĂĠϲ
ଵ ଵ
^ĂďĞͲƐĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƋƵĞܲሺܸሻ ൌ Ğܲሺܵȁܸሻ ൌ ĞƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺܸȁܵሻ͘
ଷ ଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
భ భ భ
௉ሺ௏‫ת‬ௌሻ ௉ሺௌȁ௏ሻൈ௉ሺ௏ሻ ௉ሺௌȁ௏ሻൈ௉ሺ௏ሻ ൈ ଵ
ܲሺܸȁܵሻ ൌ ௉ሺௌሻ
ൌ ௉ሺௌ‫ת‬௏ሻା௉ሺௌ‫ת‬௏ഥሻ ൌ ௉ሺௌȁ௏ሻൈ௉ሺ௏ሻା௉ሺௌȁ௏ഥሻൈ௉ሺ௏ഥሻ ൌభ య య
భ భ మ ൌ వ
భ భ మ ൌ
ൈ ା ൈ ା ൈ ଶ
య య ల య వ వ య


WĄŐ͘ϵϰ

ϳϮ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܥ͕ܤ͕ܣ‬Ğ‫ܦ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܣ‬ĂƉĞĕĂĠƉƌŽĚƵǌŝĚĂƉĞůĂŵĄƋƵŝŶĂ
‫͗ܤ‬ĂƉĞĕĂĠƉƌŽĚƵǌŝĚĂƉĞůĂŵĄƋƵŝŶĂ
‫͗ܥ‬ĂƉĞĕĂĠƉƌŽĚƵǌŝĚĂƉĞůĂŵĄƋƵŝŶĂ
‫͗ܦ‬ĂƉĞĕĂĠĚĞĨĞŝƚƵŽƐĂ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
^ĂďĞͲƐĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͲͳͷ͕ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͲʹĞ
ଶ ସ ସ
ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͲ͵͘
ĂͿWƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܦ‬ሻ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƚŽƚĂůŐĞŶĞƌĂůŝǌĂĚŽ͗
ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ ת ܦ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܦ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܥ ת ܦ‬ሻ ൌ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൌ ൈ ͲǡͲͳͷ ൅ ൈ ͲǡͲʹ ൅ ൈ ͲǡͲ͵ ൌ
ଶ ସ ସ
ൌ ͲǡͲͲ͹ͷ ൅ ͲǡͲͲͷ ൅ ͲǡͲͲ͹ͷ ൌ ͲǡͲʹ
ďͿWƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܥ‬ȁ‫ܦ‬ሻ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
భ
௉ሺ஼‫ת‬஽ሻ ௉ሺ஼ሻൈ௉ሺ஽ȁ஼ሻ ൈ଴ǡ଴ଷ
ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ȁ‫ܦ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஽ሻ
ൌ ௉ሺ஽ሻ
ൌ ర ଴ǡ଴ଶ ൌ Ͳǡ͵͹ͷ

WĄŐ͘ϵϲ

ϳϯ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܪ‬Ğ‫ܣ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܪ‬ŽĨƵŶĐŝŽŶĄƌŝŽĠŚŽŵĞŵ
‫͗ܣ‬ŽĨƵŶĐŝŽŶĄƌŝŽǀĂŝĚĞĂƵƚŽŵſǀĞů
sĂŵŽƐƉƌĞĞŶĐŚĞƌĂƚĂďĞůĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞ͗
‫ܪ‬ ഥ
‫ܪ‬ dŽƚĂů
‫ܣ‬
‫ܣ‬ ҧ
dŽƚĂů ϭ

^ĂďĞƌƋƵĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŚŽŵĞŶƐĠŽĚŽďƌŽĚŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĂƐŵƵůŚĞƌĞƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞͲŶŽƐŽďƚĞƌŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞ
ƉƌĞĞŶĐŚŝŵĞŶƚŽ͗
‫ܪ‬ ഥ
‫ܪ‬ dŽƚĂů
‫ܣ‬
‫ܣ‬ ҧ
dŽƚĂů ʹ ͳ ϭ

͵ ͵

WĂƌĂĂůĠŵĚŝƐƐŽ͕ƐĂďĞƌƋƵĞŵĞƚĂĚĞĚŽƐĨƵŶĐŝŽŶĄƌŝŽƐǀĂŝĚĞĂƵƚŽŵſǀĞůƉĂƌĂŽƚƌĂďĂůŚŽƉĞƌŵŝƚĞͲ
ͲŶŽƐŽďƚĞƌŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƉƌĞĞŶĐŚŝŵĞŶƚŽ͗
‫ܪ‬ ഥ
‫ܪ‬ dŽƚĂů
‫ܣ‬ ͳ

ʹ
‫ܣ‬ҧ ͳ

ʹ
dŽƚĂů ʹ ͳ ϭ

͵ ͵

WĂƌĂĂůĠŵĚŝƐƐŽ͕ƐĂďĞƌƋƵĞĚŽƐĨƵŶĐŝŽŶĄƌŝŽƐƋƵĞŶĆŽǀĆŽĚĞĂƵƚŽŵſǀĞůƉĂƌĂŽƚƌĂďĂůŚŽ͕ϲϬйƐĆŽ
ଵ ଷ
ŵƵůŚĞƌĞƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞͲŶŽƐŽďƚĞƌŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƉƌĞĞŶĐŚŝŵĞŶƚŽ͗ ͮͲǡ͸ ൈ ൌ
ଶ ଵ଴
‫ܪ‬ ‫ܪ‬ഥ dŽƚĂů
‫ܣ‬ ͳ

ʹ
‫ܣ‬ҧ ͵ ͳ

ͳͲ ʹ
dŽƚĂů ʹ ͳ ϭ

͵ ͵

WŽĚĞĂŐŽƌĂŽďƚĞƌͲƐĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƚĂďĞůĂƚŽƚĂůŵĞŶƚĞƉƌĞĞŶĐŚŝĚĂ͗

‫ܣ‬ ͹ ͳ ͳ

ͳͷ ͳͲ ʹ
‫ܣ‬ҧ ͳ ͵ ͳ

ͷ ͳͲ ʹ
dŽƚĂů ʹ ͳ ϭ

͵ ͵

WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܪ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ͘
ళ
௉ሺு‫ת‬஺ሻ ଵସ
dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܪ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஺ሻ
ൌ భఱ
భ ൌ ͘
ଵହ
మ

^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍>ĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƵŵĚĂĚŽĞĚĞƵŵĂŵŽĞĚĂ
ܲሺ‫ܨ‬ȁ‫ܧ‬ሻƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƐĂŝƌĨĂĐĞϰŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚŽĚĂĚŽ͕ƐĂďĞŶĚŽƋƵĞƐĂŝƵĨĂĐĞ
ĞƵƌŽƉĞŝĂŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĂŵŽĞĚĂ͘
ଵ
KƌĂ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƐĂŝƌĨĂĐĞϰŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚŽĚĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƋƵĞƚĞŶŚĂƐŝĚŽ
଺
ଵ
ŽƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽĚŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĂŵŽĞĚĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܨ‬ȁ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
଺
ĞŽƵƚƌŽŵŽĚŽ͗
KĞƐƉĂĕŽĚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐ͕͕ܵĂƐƐŽĐŝĂĚŽăĞǆƉĞƌŝġŶĐŝĂĠ͗
ܵ ൌ ൛ሼܰǡ ͳሽǡ ሼܰǡ ʹሽǡ ሼܰǡ ͵ሽǡ ሼܰǡ Ͷሽǡ ሼܰǡ ͷሽǡ ሼܰǡ ͸ሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͳሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ʹሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͵ሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ Ͷሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͷሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͸ሽൟ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗‫ ܧ‬ൌ ൛ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͳሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ʹሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͵ሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ Ͷሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͷሽǡ ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ ͸ሽൟĞ‫ ܧ ת ܨ‬ൌ ൛ሼ‫ܧ‬ǡ Ͷሽൟ
భ
௉ሺி‫ת‬ாሻ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܨ‬ȁ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺாሻ
͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܨ‬ȁ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ భమ
ల ൌ ͘
଺
భమ

WĄŐ͘ϵϴ

ϳϰ͘


ϳϱ͘ĂͿ^ĞũĂŵ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܣ‬ƐĂŝƌϱŶŽĚĂĚŽ
‫͗ܤ‬ƐĂŝƌĂďŽůĂĐŽŵŽŶƷŵĞƌŽϳ
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ͘
KƌĂ͕ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ƐĆŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐ͕ƉŽŝƐĂŽĐŽƌƌġŶĐŝĂĚĞƵŵĚĞůĞƐŶĆŽŝŶĨůƵĞŶĐŝĂ
ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƌĞĂůŝǌĂĕĆŽĚŽŽƵƚƌŽ͘
ଵ ଵ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ ͘
଺ ଵଶ ଻ଶ
ďͿ^ĞũĂŵ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܣ‬ƐĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌŶŽĚĂĚŽ
‫͗ܤ‬ƐĂŝƌĂďŽůĂĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƉƌŝŵŽ
WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ͘
KƌĂ͕ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ƐĆŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐ͕ƉŽŝƐĂŽĐŽƌƌġŶĐŝĂĚĞƵŵĚĞůĞƐŶĆŽŝŶĨůƵĞŶĐŝĂ
ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƌĞĂůŝǌĂĕĆŽĚŽŽƵƚƌŽ͘
ଷ ହ ଵହ ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ ൌ ͘
଺ ଵଶ ଻ଶ ଶସ

WĄŐ͘ϵϵ

ϳϲ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϰ

ϳϳ͘ĂͿEŽƐĂĐŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƋƵĂƚƌŽďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐŶƵŵƚŽƚĂůĚĞŽŝƚŽďŽůĂƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ
ଵ
ĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂƐĞƌďƌĂŶĐĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଶ
ďͿKƌĂ͕ƐĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĞƌĂďƌĂŶĐĂ͕ĂƉſƐĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ĨŝĐĂƌĂŵ͕ŶŽƐĂĐŽƚƌġƐ
ସ
ďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐĞƋƵĂƚƌŽďŽůĂƐƉƌĞƚĂƐƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ
଻
ଷ
ĐͿĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽĞǆƉŽƐƚŽŶĂĂůşŶĞĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
଻


ϳϴ͘ĂͿƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƵŵĂƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂĚĂƚƵƌŵĂũŽŐĂƌƚĠŶŝƐĠͺΨ͘
ďͿƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƵŵĂůƵŶŽĚĂƚƵƌŵĂƐĞƌƌĂƉĂǌĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĞƐƐĞĂůƵŶŽũŽŐĂĨƵƚĞďŽůĠͻͲΨ͘
ĐͿƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƵŵƉƌĂƚŝĐĂŶƚĞĚĞŶĂƚĂĕĆŽƐĞƌƵŵĂƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂĠͷͲΨ͘

ϳϵ͘^ĞũĂ݊ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞďŽůĂƐĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌĞǆŝƐƚĞŶƚĞƐŝŶŝĐŝĂůŵĞŶƚĞŶŽƐĂĐŽ͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂƚŝŶŚĂƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌ͕ĂƉſƐĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽĨŝĐĂƌĂŵŶŽ
ƐĂĐŽ݊ െ ͳďŽůĂƐĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌ͘
ଵ
WĂƌĂƋƵĞŶĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĂďŽůĂƚĞƌŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌƐĞƌ ͕ƚŝŶŚĂŵĚĞĞƐƚĂƌ
ଶ
ŶŽƐĂĐŽƚĂŶƚĂƐďŽůĂƐĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌƋƵĂŶƚĂƐĂƐďŽůĂƐĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݊ െ ͳ ൌ ͹͕
ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕݊ ൌ ͺ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŝŶŝĐŝĂůŵĞŶƚĞŚĂǀŝĂͳͷďŽůĂƐŶŽƐĂĐŽ͘

ϴϬ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ܵ ൌ ሼʹǡ Ͷǡ ͸ሽ͕‫ ܯ‬ൌ ሼͷǡ ͸ሽĞܴ ൌ ሼʹǡ ͵ǡ ͷሽ͘
భ
௉ሺௌ‫ת‬ோሻ ଵ
ĂͿܲሺܵȁܴሻ ൌ
௉ሺோሻ
ൌ ల
య ൌ ͮܵ ‫ ܴ ת‬ൌ ሼʹሽ
ଷ
ల
భ
௉ሺோ‫ת‬ெሻ ଵ
ďͿܲሺܴȁ‫ܯ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺெሻ
ൌ ల
మ ൌ ܴͮ ‫ ܯ ת‬ൌ ሼͷሽ
ଶ
ల
భ
௉ሺெ‫ת‬ௌሻ ଵ
ĐͿܲሺ‫ܯ‬ȁܵሻ ൌ ௉ሺௌሻ
ൌ ల
య ൌ ͮ‫ ܵ ת ܯ‬ൌ ሼ͸ሽ
ଷ
ల

ϴϭ͘ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌƉƌĞĞŶĐŚĞƌƚŽƚĂůŵĞŶƚĞĂƚĂďĞůĂƌĞĨĞƌĞŶƚĞăƉŽƉƵůĂĕĆŽĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͗

‫ܪ‬ ‫ܯ‬ dŽƚĂů
‫ܨ‬ ϭϴ ϱ Ϯϯ
‫ܨ‬ത ϭϮ ϭϱ Ϯϳ
dŽƚĂů ϯϬ ϮϬ ϱϬ

భఴ
ଶଷ ௉ሺி‫ת‬ுሻ ଵ଼ ଷ
ĂͿܲሺ‫ܨ‬ሻ ൌ ହ଴Ğܲሺ‫ܨ‬ȁ‫ܪ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺுሻ
ൌ ఱబ
యబ ൌ
ଷ଴
ൌ
ହ
ఱబ
ఱ
௉ሺெ‫ת‬ிሻ ହ
ďͿܲሺ‫ܯ‬ȁ‫ܨ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺிሻ
ൌ ఱబ
మయ ൌ
ଶଷ
ఱబ
భఱ
௉ሺெ‫ת‬ி ሻത ଵହ ହ
ĐͿܲሺ‫ܯ‬ȁ‫ܨ‬ത ሻ ൌ ௉ሺிതሻ ൌ ఱబ
మళ ൌ ൌ
ଶ଻ ଽ
ఱబ

ϴϮ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܦ‬ĞܵŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܦ‬ŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐƐĞƌĞŵĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ
ܵ͗ĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐƐĞƌƉĂƌ
ĂͿWƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺܵȁ‫ܦ‬ሻ͘
ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵŝƌĂƚĂďĞůĂƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌĂĞǆƉĞƌŝġŶĐŝĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĞĚŽŝƐ
ĚĂĚŽƐĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĂƌĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐĞƉŽƌĚĞŝǆĂƌǀŝƐşǀĞŝƐƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐĐĠůƵůĂƐ
ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐĂŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐƐĞƌĞŵĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐͩ͘


ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ
ϭ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ
Ϯ ϯ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ
ϯ ϰ ϱ ϳ ϴ ϵ
ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϵ ϭϬ
ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϭϭ
ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϭϬ

భమ
௉ሺௌ‫ת‬஽ሻ ଵଶ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ܲሺܵȁ‫ܦ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஽ሻ
ൌ యల
యబ ൌ
ଷ଴
ൌ
ହ
యల

ďͿWƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁܵሻ͘
ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵŝƌĂƚĂďĞůĂƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌĂĞǆƉĞƌŝġŶĐŝĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĞĚŽŝƐ
ĚĂĚŽƐĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĂƌĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐĞƉŽƌĚĞŝǆĂƌǀŝƐşǀĞŝƐƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐĐĠůƵůĂƐ
ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐĂŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐƐĞƌƉĂƌͩ͘

ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ
ϭ Ϯ ϰ ϲ
Ϯ ϰ ϲ ϴ
ϯ ϰ ϲ ϴ
ϰ ϲ ϴ ϭϬ
ϱ ϲ ϴ ϭϬ
ϲ ϴ ϭϬ ϭϮ

భమ
௉ሺ஽‫ת‬ௌሻ ଵଶ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁܵሻ ൌ ௉ሺௌሻ
ൌ యల
భఴ ൌ
ଵ଼
ൌ
ଷ
యల

ϴϯ͘ĂͿܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͲʹ
ďͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͳ
ĐͿܲሺ‫ܤ‬തȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͲͲͷ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϱ

௉ሺ௑തሻି௉ሺ௑ത‫ת‬௒തሻ ௉ሺ௑‫ת‬௒ሻ തതതതതതሻ

ଵି௉ሺ௑ሻି௉ሺ௑‫׫‬௒ ௉ሺ௑‫ת‬௒ሻାଵି௉ሺ௑ሻିሾଵି௉ሺ௑‫׫‬௒ሻሿ
ϴϰܲ͘ሺܺȁܻሻ ൅ ௉ሺ௒ሻ
ൌ ௉ሺ௒ሻ
൅ ௉ሺ௒ሻ
ൌ ௉ሺ௒ሻ
ൌ
௉ሺ௑‫ת‬௒ሻାଵି௉ሺ௑ሻିଵା௉ሺ௑‫׫‬௒ሻ ௉ሺ௑‫ת‬௒ሻି௉ሺ௑ሻା௉ሺ௑ሻା௉ሺ௒ሻି௉ሺ௑‫ת‬௒ሻ ௉ሺ௒ሻ
ൌ ௉ሺ௒ሻ
ൌ ௉ሺ௒ሻ
ൌ ௉ሺ௒ሻ ൌ ͳ

௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ଴ǡଵ ଴ǡଵ
ϴϱ͘dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ Ͳǡʹͷ ൌ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͶ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͗
௉ሺ஻ሻ ௉ሺ஻ሻ ଴ǡଶହ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ Ͳǡͺ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ͲǡͶ െ Ͳǡͳ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ ͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ͕ǀĞŵܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧሻ͘


ϴϲܲ͘ሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĨŝĐĂƌĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐĚĞǌďŽůĂƐŶĂĐĂŝǆĂ͕ƐĂďĞŶĚŽƋƵĞƐĂŝƵϰ
ŶŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞƐĂŝƵϰŶŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽ͕ƚŝƌĂƌĂŵͲƐĞƋƵĂƚƌŽďŽůĂƐĚĂ
ĐĂŝǆĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĨŝĐĂƌĂŵŽŝƚŽďŽůĂƐŶĂĐĂŝǆĂĂŶƚĞƐĚŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĞĨŝƋƵĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐĚĞǌďŽůĂƐŶĂĐĂŝǆĂĂƉſƐŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽ͕ƚġŵĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌͲƐĞŶĂ
ĐĂŝǆĂƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐ͘ŽŵŽƐſƐĞĐŽůŽĐĂŵďŽůĂƐŶĂĐĂŝǆĂƐĞƐĂŝƌŶƷŵĞƌŽşŵƉĂƌ͕ƚĞŵĚĞ
ଶ ଵ
ƐĂŝƌϯŽƵϱ͘ƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƐĂŝƌϯŽƵϱĠ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ ͘
଺ ଷ

ϴϳ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܣ‬ଵ ǡ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ǡ ܸଵ ܸଶ ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ
‫ܣ‬ଵ ͗ĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĠĂŵĂƌĞůĂ
‫ܣ‬ଶ ͗ĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂďŽůĂĠĂŵĂƌĞůĂ
ܸଵ͗ĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĠǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂ
ܸଶ ͗ĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂďŽůĂĠǀĞƌŵĞůŚĂ
ĂϭͿĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĠƌĞƉŽƐƚĂ͕ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ‫ܣ‬ଵ ܸଶƐĆŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐ͕
ହ ଷ ଵହ
ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ‫ܸ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺܸଶ ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ
଼ ଼ ଺ସ
ହ ହ ଶହ
ĂϮͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ‫ܣ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ
଼ ଼ ଺ସ
ହ ଷ ଷ ହ ଷ଴ ଵହ
ĂϯͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ‫ܸ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܸଵ ‫ܣ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺܸଶ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܸଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ൈ ൅ ൈ ൌ ൌ
଼ ଼ ଼ ଼ ଺ସ ଷଶ
ହ ଷ ଵହ
ďϭͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ‫ܸ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺܸଶ ȁ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ
଼ ଻ ହ଺
ହ ସ ଶ଴ ହ
ďϮͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ‫ܣ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଶ ȁ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ ൌ
଼ ଻ ହ଺ ଵସ
ďϯͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ‫ܸ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܸଵ ‫ܣ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺܸଶ ȁ‫ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܸଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ଶ ȁܸଵ ሻ ൌ
ͷ ͵ ͵ ͷ ͵Ͳ ͳͷ
ൌ ൈ ൅ ൈ ൌ ൌ
ͺ ͹ ͺ ͹ ͷ͸ ʹͺ

ϴϴ͘^ĞũĂŵܰ‫ܥ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
ܰ͗ƚĞƌŶĂŵŽƌĂĚĂ
‫͗ܥ‬ƉĞŶƐĂƌĐĂƐĂƌ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺܰ ‫ܥ ת‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺܰሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ȁܰሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ ͘
ଷ ସ ଵଶ

ϴϵ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܣ‬ǡ ܷଵ ܷଶ ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܣ‬ƚŝƌĂƌďŽůĂĂŵĂƌĞůĂ
ܷଵ ͗ƚŝƌĂƌďŽůĂĚĂƵƌŶĂhϭ
ܷଶ ͗ƚŝƌĂƌďŽůĂĚĂƵƌŶĂhϮ
ଷ ଵ
ĂͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܷ ת ܣ‬ଵ ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܷ ת ܣ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ܲሺܷ
ᇣᇤᇥଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁܷ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥଵ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܷ
ᇣᇤᇥଶ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁܷ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥଶሻ ൌ ൌ
ଵଶ ସ
భ మ భ భ
మ ల మ ల

଻
ďͿܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺܷ
ᇣᇤᇥଵ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁܷ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥଵ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܷ
ᇣᇤᇥଶ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁܷ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥଶ ሻ ൌ ଷ଺
భ మ ఱ భ
ల ల ల ల


ϵϬ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϲ

ϵϭ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܥ‬ǡ ‫ܤܣ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܥ‬ƚĞƌƉŽƵĐŽĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚĞ
‫͗ܣ‬ĂŵĄƋƵŝŶĂĨĂǌĞƌŽƚƌĂďĂůŚŽ
‫͗ܤ‬ĂŵĄƋƵŝŶĂĨĂǌĞƌŽƚƌĂďĂůŚŽ
௉ሺ஻‫ת‬஼ሻ ௉ሺ஻ሻൈ௉ሺ஼ȁ஻ሻ ଴ǡ଺଼ൈ଴ǡ଴଺
ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ௉ሺ஻ሻൈ௉ሺ஼ȁ஻ሻା௉ሺ஺ሻൈ௉ሺ஼ȁ஺ሻ ൌ ൎ Ͳǡͺ͸
௉ሺ஼ሻ ଴ǡ଺଼ൈ଴ǡ଴଺ା଴ǡଷଶൈ଴ǡ଴ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൎ ͺ͸Ψ͘

ϵϮ͘ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵŝƌĂƚĂďĞůĂƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌĂĞǆƉĞƌŝġŶĐŝĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶŽůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ
ĚŽŝƐĚĂĚŽƐĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĂƌĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĂşĚŽƐĞƉŽƌĐŽůŽƌŝƌĂƐĐĠůƵůĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐĂŽ
ĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽܵ͘
ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ
ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ
Ϯ ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ
ϯ ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ
ϰ ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϭϬ
ϱ ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϭϬ ϭϭ
ϲ ϳ ϴ ϵ ϭϬ ϭϭ ϭϮ

ƐĐĠůƵůĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐĂŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽ‫ܦ‬ƐĆŽĂƐĚĂĚŝĂŐŽŶĂůƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůĚĂƚĂďĞůĂ͘
మ మ
௉ሺ஽‫ת‬ௌሻ ଶ ଵ ௉ሺ஽‫ת‬ௌሻ ଶ ଵ
ĂͿܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁܵሻ ൌ ൌ యల
ల ൌ ൌ Ğܲሺܵȁ‫ܦ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ యల
ల ൌ ൌ
௉ሺௌሻ ଺ ଷ ௉ሺ஽ሻ ଺ ଷ
యల యల
ଵ ଺ ଵ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܦ‬ȁܵሻ ൌ Ğܲሺ‫ܦ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬ĞܵŶĆŽƐĆŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐ͘
ଷ ଷ଺ ଺
భ
௉ሺ஻‫ת‬஽ሻ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܦ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஽ሻ
ൌ యల
ల ൌ Ğܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܤ‬Ğ‫ܦ‬ƐĆŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐ͘
଺ ଺
యల


ϵϯ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܤܣ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܣ‬ŐĂŶŚĂƌŽƉƌĠŵŝŽ
‫͗ܤ‬ŐĂŶŚĂƌŽƉƌĠŵŝŽ
KĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨŐĂŶŚĂƌƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵƉƌĠŵŝŽͩĠŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽ‫͘ܤ ׫ ܣ‬
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ Ͳǡͳʹ ൅ ͲǡͲ͵ െ Ͳǡͳʹ ൈ ͲǡͲ͵ ൌ ͲǡͳͶ͸Ͷ

ϵϰ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܥܯ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܯ‬ĂĐĞƌƚĂƌŶĂŝĚĂĚĞĚĂDĂƌŝĂ
‫͗ܥ‬ĂĐĞƌƚĂƌŶĂŝĚĂĚĞĚĂƌŝƐƚŝŶĂ
KĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨĂĐĞƌƚĂƌĂƉĞŶĂƐŶĂŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƵŵĂĚĂƐĚƵĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͩĠŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽ
ሺ‫ܥ ת ܯ‬ҧ ሻ ‫ ׫‬ሺ‫ܯ‬ഥ ‫ܥ ת‬ሻ͘
ŽŵŽŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ‫ܥ ת ܯ‬ҧ Ğ‫ܯ‬ ഥ ‫ܥ ת‬ƐĆŽŝŶĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ഥ ‫ܥ ת‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܥ ת ܯ‬ҧ ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܯ‬
ܲሾሺ‫ܥ ת ܯ‬ҧ ሻ ‫ ׫‬ሺ‫ܯ‬ ഥ ‫ܥ ת‬ሻ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ‫ܥܯ‬ƐĆŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܲሾሺ‫ܥ ת ܯ‬ҧ ሻ ‫ ׫‬ሺ‫ܯ‬ ഥ ‫ܥ ת‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܥ ת ܯ‬ҧ ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܯ‬ ഥ ‫ܥ ת‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܯ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ҧ ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܯ‬ ഥ ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ Ͳǡ͸ ൈ ͲǡͶ ൅ ͲǡͶ ൈ Ͳǡ͸ ൌ ͲǡͶͺ

ϵϱܲ͘ሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬തሻ ൌ Ͳǡͳ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ തതതതതതത
‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͳ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͻ
ĂͿܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ฻ Ͳǡͻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ͲǡͶ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ
ďͿܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ฻
଴ǡହ ହ
฻ Ͳǡͻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ͲǡͶ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ͲǡͶ ฻ Ͳǡͷ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ
଴ǡ଺ ଺


нǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐWƌŽƉŽƐƚŽƐ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϳ

ϵϲ͘;Ϳ

ϵϳ͘;Ϳ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͹ ൅ Ͳǡͻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡ͸ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ͕ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൒ Ͳǡ͸͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;ͿĞƐƚĆŽĞǆĐůƵşĚĂƐ
dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ Ͳǡ͹͕ƉŽŝƐܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĞƐƚĄĞǆĐůƵşĚ͘

ϵϴ͘;Ϳ
ŽŵŽƐĞŵƉƌĞĨŝĐĂŵăǀŝƐƚĂƵŵĂƉĄŐŝŶĂƉĂƌĞƵŵĂƉĄŐŝŶĂşŵƉĂƌ͕ŽƉƌŽĚƵƚŽĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĚĂƐĚƵĂƐ
ƉĄŐŝŶĂƐĠ͕ĚĞĐĞƌƚĞǌĂ͕ƉĂƌ͘

ϵϵ͘;Ϳ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲ ൈ ͳͲ ൈ ͳͲ ൈ ͳͲ ൌ ͳͲସ
ସ ଽ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ต ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ถ ‫ܣ‬Ԣଶ ൌ ͸ ൈ ͻ ൈ ͻ ൌ Ͷ͸ͺ
୬Ǥ͑ୢୣ୮୭ୱୱÀ୴ୣ୧ୱ ୬Ǥ͑ୢୣୱୣ୯୳²୬ୡ୧ୟୱ
ୣୱୡ୭୪୦ୟୱ୮ୟ୰ୟ୭ୱୢ୭୧ୱ ୢୣୢ୭୧ୱୟ୪୥ୟ୰୧ୱ୫୭ୱ
୪୳୥ୟ୰ୣୱ୭ୡ୳୮ୟୢ୭ୱ ୣୱୡ୭୪୦୧ୢ୭ୱୢୣୣ୬୲୰ୣ
୮ୣ୪୭ୱୢ୭୧ୱ୸ୣ୰୭ୱ ୭ୱ୰ୣୱ୲ୟ୬୲ୣୱ୬୭୴ୣ
ସ଼଺
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ͲǡͲͶͺ͸
ଵ଴଴଴଴

ϭϬϬ͘;Ϳ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵହ‫ܥ‬ସ ൌ ͳ͵͸ͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳ ൈ ଵଵ‫ܥ‬ଷ ൌ ͳ͸ͷ;ƐĂŝƌŽŶƷŵĞƌŽϭϮĞŽƵƚƌŽƐƚƌġƐŵĞŶŽƌĞƐŽƵŝŐƵĂŝƐ
ĂϭϭͿ
ଵ଺ହ ଵଵ
ଵଷ଺ହ ଽଵ

ϭϬϭ͘;Ϳ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸Ǩ
‫ۇ‬ ‫ۊ‬
‫ۈ‬ ‫ۋ‬
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸Ǩ െ ‫ۈ‬ ณ
ͷ ൈ ณ
ʹ ൈ ͶǨ
ณ ‫ۋ‬
‫ۈ‬ ୣୱୡ୭୪୦ୟୱୢୣୢ୭୧ୱ ୫ୟ୬ୣ୧୰ୟୱୢୣୟ ୫ୟ୬ୣ୧୰ୟୱୢୣ୭ୱ୰ୣୱି‫ۋ‬
୪୳୥ୟ୰ୣୱ୨୳୬୲୭ୱୢୣ ୅୬ୟୣୟ୆୰ୠୟ୰ୟ ୲ୟ୬୲ୣୱୟ୫୧୥୭ୱ୭ୡ୳ି
ୣ୬୲୰ୣ୭ୱୱୣ୧ୱ ୭ୡ୳୮ୟ୰ୣ୫ୣୱୱୣୱ ୮ୟ୰ୣ୫୭ୱ୰ୣୱ୲ୟ୬୲ୣୱ
‫ۉ‬ ୢ୭୧ୱ୪୳୥ୟ୰ୣୱ ୯୳ୟ୲୰୭୪୳୥ୟ୰ୣୱ ‫ی‬
଺ǨିሺହൈଶൈସǨሻ ସ଼଴ ଶ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ଺Ǩ
ൌ
଻ଶ଴
ൌ
ଷ


ϭϬϮ͘;Ϳ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐĚŽŝƐƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐĠϭϬ͕ŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĠϵ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĞƐƚĂůŝŶŚĂ
ƚĞŵĚĞǌĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ܥ‬ଶ ൌ Ͷͷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ͕ŶĞƐƚĂůŝŶŚĂ͕ĐŝŶĐŽƉĂƌĞƐĚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐŝŐƵĂŝƐͿ
ହ ଵ
ସହ ଽ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϴ

ϭϬϯ͘;Ϳ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଺‫ܥ‬ଷ ൌ ʹͲ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸ ൈ ʹ ൌ ͳʹ;ƚĂůĐŽŵŽĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂ
ƉĂƌĚĞǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐĐŽŶƐĞĐƵƚŝǀŽƐ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ŽƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐ‫ܧ‬Ğ‫͕ܨ‬ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĚŽŝƐŽƵƚƌŽƐ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ‫ܤ‬
Ğ‫͕ܥ‬ƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞŵ͕ĐĂĚĂƵŵĚĞůĞƐĐŽŵŽƐŽƵƚƌŽƐĚŽŝƐ͕ƵŵƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽ͖ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ŽƐ
ƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽƐሾ‫ܤܨܧ‬ሿĞሾ‫ܥܨܧ‬ሿƐĆŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽƐͿ͘

ଵଶ ଷ
ଶ଴ ହ

ϭϬϰ͘;Ϳ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଵ଴‫ܥ‬ଶ ൌ Ͷͷ;ƵŵƉƌŝƐŵĂƉĞŶƚĂŐŽŶĂůƚĞŵĚĞǌǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐͿ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͷ;ƵŵƉƌŝƐŵĂƉĞŶƚĂŐŽŶĂůƚĞŵƋƵŝŶǌĞĂƌĞƐƚĂƐͿ
ଵହ ଵ
ସହ ଷ

ϭϬϱ͘;Ϳ
ܲሺܻȁܺሻĠĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƐĂŝƌƵŵĂďŽůĂĂŵĂƌĞůĂƐĂďĞŶĚŽƋƵĞƐĂŝĨĂĐĞĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌŶŽ
ůĂŶĕĂŵĞŶƚŽĚŽĚĂĚŽ͘KƌĂ͕ƐĞƐĂŝŶƷŵĞƌŽƉĂƌ͕ŶĆŽƐĂŝϭ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂďŽůĂĠĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĚĂĐĂŝǆĂ͘
ŽŵŽŚĄ͕ŶĂĐĂŝǆĂ͕ƵŵĂďŽůĂǀĞƌĚĞĞƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐĂŵĂƌĞůĂƐ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƐĂŝƌďŽůĂĂŵĂƌĞůĂĠ
ଷ
ŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ସ

ϭϬϲ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ݊ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞďŽůĂƐƉƌĞƚĂƐĞǆŝƐƚĞŶƚĞƐŝŶŝĐŝĂůŵĞŶƚĞŶĂĐĂŝǆĂ͘
ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ଶ ȁ‫ܤ‬ଵ ሻĠĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĂďŽůĂƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂĞŵƐĞŐƵŶĚŽůƵŐĂƌƐĞƌďƌĂŶĐĂƐĂďĞŶĚŽƋƵĞĂďŽůĂ
ƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂĞŵƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽůƵŐĂƌĠďƌĂŶĐĂ͘KƌĂ͕ƐĞĂďŽůĂƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂĞŵƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽůƵŐĂƌĠďƌĂŶĐĂ͕ĨŝĐĂŵ͕ŶĂ
ĐĂŝǆĂ͕ĂŶƚĞƐĚĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƋƵĂƚƌŽďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐĞ݊ďŽůĂƐƉƌĞƚĂƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂ
ସ
ƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƐĂŝƌďŽůĂďƌĂŶĐĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ସା௡
ସ ଵ
ൌ ฻ ݊ ൌ ͺ
ସା௡ ଷ


ϭϬϳ͘;Ϳ
ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻĠĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĂďŽůĂƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂĚĂĐĂŝǆĂϮƐĞƌďƌĂŶĐĂƐĂďĞŶĚŽƋƵĞĂƐďŽůĂƐƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂƐ
ĚĂĐĂŝǆĂϭƚġŵĂŵĞƐŵĂĐŽƌ͘KƌĂ͕ƐĞĂƐďŽůĂƐƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂƐĚĂĐĂŝǆĂϭƚġŵĂŵĞƐŵĂĐŽƌ͕ƐĆŽĂŵďĂƐ
ƉƌĞƚĂƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĨŝĐĂŵ͕ŶĂĐĂŝǆĂϮ͕ĂŶƚĞƐĚĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐĞĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐ
ଵ
ƉƌĞƚĂƐĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĂďŽůĂƌĞƚŝƌĂĚĂƐĞƌďƌĂŶĐĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϵ

ϭϬϴ͘;Ϳ
KƐĚĂĚŽƐĚŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŵƉƌĞĞŶĐŚĞƌĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƚĂďĞůĂ͗

‫ܣ‬ ‫ܣ‬ҧ dŽƚĂů
^ĞƌƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂ ^ĞƌƌĂƉĂǌ
‫ܤ‬
ϭϱ ϵ Ϯϰ
dĞƌϭϱĂŶŽƐ
‫ܤ‬ത
ϯ ϯ ϲ
dĞƌϭϲĂŶŽƐ
dŽƚĂů ϭϴ ϭϮ ϯϬ

భఱ
௉ሺ஻‫ת‬஺ሻ ଵହ ହ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ యబ
భఴ ൌ ൌ ͘
௉ሺ஺ሻ ଵ଼ ଺
యబ

ϭϬϵ͘;Ϳ
మ
௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ
dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஻ሻ
ൌ ೙
೙షళ ͮ‫ͨ͗ܤ ת ܣ‬ĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂƚĞƌŽŶƷŵĞƌŽϴŽƵŽŶƷŵĞƌŽϵͩ
೙
మ
௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ
௉ሺ஻ሻ
ൌ ฻ ೙
೙షళ ൌ ฻ ൌ ฻ ݊ ൌ ͳ͵
ଷ ଷ ௡ି଻ ଷ
೙

ϭϭϬ͘;Ϳ
௉ሺ஺ሻ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻
ଷ
௉ሺ஺ሻ ଶ
฻ ଷ
ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ
ଷ
మ
௉ሺ஻‫ת‬஺ሻ ௉ሺ஺ሻ ଶ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஺ሻ
ൌ య
௉ሺ஺ሻ
ൌ ͘
ଷ

ϭϭϭ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂŵܶଵ Ğܶଶ ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
ܶଵ ͗ĐŽŶƐĞŐƵŝƌƌĞĂůŝǌĂƌĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂƚĂƌĞĨĂ
ܶଶ ͗ĐŽŶƐĞŐƵŝƌƌĞĂůŝǌĂƌĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂƚĂƌĞĨĂ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ܲሺܶଵ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͸͕ܲሺܶଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͹Ğܲሺܶഥଵ ‫ ת‬തതത
ܶଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡʹ
ഥ തതത തതതതതതതതത
භܲሺܶଵ ‫ܶ ת‬ଶ ൌ Ͳǡʹ ฻ ܲሺܶଵ ‫ܶ ׫‬ଶ ൌ Ͳǡʹ ฻ ܲሺܶଵ ‫ܶ ׫‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͺ
ሻ ሻ
භܲሺܶଵ ‫ܶ ׫‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͺ ฻ ܲሺܶଵ ሻ ൅ ܲሺܶଶ ሻ െ ܲሺܶଵ ‫ܶ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͺ ฻ Ͳǡ͸ ൅ Ͳǡ͹ െ ܲሺܶଵ ‫ܶ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͺ ฻
฻ ܲሺܶଵ ‫ܶ ת‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ
௉ሺ்మ ‫்ת‬భ ሻ ଴ǡହ ହ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺܶଶ ȁܶଵ ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ் ሻ
ൌ ൌ ͘
భ ଴ǡ଺ ଺


ϭϭϮ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂŵܴĞ‫ܥ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
ܴ͗ƐĞƌĞŵĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚĂƐĚƵĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐ
‫͗ܥ‬ƐĞƌĞŵĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽƐĚŽŝƐĂůƵŶŽƐĚĂƚƵƌŵĂ
ଵ ଵ଴ହ ଶଵ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ܲሺܴ ‫ܥ ת‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺܴȁ‫ܥ‬ሻ ൌ ൈ ൌ ൌ ͘
ହ ଷ଻଼ ଷ଻଼ ଵ଼

ϭϭϯ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂŵܰĞܵŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
ܰ͗ĂďŽůĂĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂƐĞƌƉƌĞƚĂ
ܵ͗ĂďŽůĂƐĞƌĞǆƚƌĂşĚĂĚŽƐĂĐŽ
ଵ ସ ହ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ܲሺܰሻ ൌ ܲሺܰ ‫ܵ ת‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺܰ ‫ܵ ת‬ҧሻ ൌ ܲሺܵሻถ ൈ ܲሺܰȁܵሻ ถҧሻ ൈ ܲሺܰȁܵ
ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ ൅ ܲሺܵ ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥҧሻ ൌ ൅ ൌ ͘
଻ ଻ ଻
మ య ర ల
ల ళ ల ళ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϬ

ϭϭϰ͘;Ϳ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ Ͳǡʹ ൅ ͲǡͶ െ Ͳǡʹ ൈ ͲǡͶ ൌ Ͳǡͷʹ

ϭϭϱ͘;Ϳ
ŽŵŽ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ƐĆŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƚĞŵͲƐĞ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ
ŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ് ͲĞܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ് Ͳ͕ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ് Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ് ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽ;ͿĠĨĂůƐĂ͘

ϭϭϲ͘
ĂͿ

ďϭͿ

ďϮͿ

ďϯͿ

ϭϭϳ͘


ϭϭϴ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ
භܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧ ‫ܤ ת‬തሻ ൌ ͵ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ͵ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ
භܲሺ‫ܤ‬തሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ത ‫ܣ ת‬ҧሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ത ‫ܣ ת‬ሻ ൌ Ͷܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ Ͷܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ͳ െ ͵ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ʹܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ͳ െ ʹܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ʹܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ฻ ͳ െ ʹܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ൈ ሾͳ െ Ͷܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻሿ ฻
ଵ
฻ ͳ െ ʹܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ െ ͺܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ͸ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ
଺
ଵ ଶ ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ Ͷܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ Ͷ ൈ ଺ ൌ ͳ െ ଷ ൌ ଷ͘

ϭϭϵ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϭ

ϭϮϬ͘,ĄͳͲͲŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĚĞƚƌġƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐĐŽŵĞĕĂĚŽƐƉŽƌʹ͘
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͲ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ʹ ൈ ͷ ൈ ͷ;ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƐĞũĂşŵƉĂƌ͕ƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌŽ
ĚĂƐĚĞǌĞŶĂƐşŵƉĂƌĞŽĚĂƐƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐƉĂƌ͕ŽƵǀŝĐĞͲǀĞƌƐĂͿ
ହ଴ ଵ
ଵ଴଴ ଶ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͲ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ܣ‬ଶ
వ
஺మ ଽൈ଼ ଻ଶ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳǡ͹ʹ
ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴
ĐͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳͲͲ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵;ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƐĞũĂƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĂͳͺ͕ĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐ
ĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐĚĂƐĚĞǌĞŶĂƐĐŽŵŽĚĂƐƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĂͳ͸͖ƚĂůƐſĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞŶŽĐĂƐŽĚŽƐ
ŶƷŵĞƌŽƐʹͺͻ͕ʹͻͺĞʹͻͻͿ
ଷ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ൌ ͲǡͲ͵
ଵ଴଴

ϭϮϭ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ହ‫ܣ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵ ൈ ʹ;ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽşŵƉĂƌĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĚƵĂƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞƐĂşƌĞŵ
ŽƐĚŽŝƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƉĂƌĞƐͿ
ଷൈଶ ଷൈଶ ଵ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ఱ ൌ ൌ
஺య ହൈସൈଷ ଵ଴


ϭϮϮ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ହ‫ܣ‬Ԣସ ൌ ͷସ ൌ ͸ʹͷ;ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐůŝƐƚĂƐƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌĞŵĂƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚŽƐĨŝůŵĞƐͿ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͷସ െ ͷ;ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĞŶƚƌĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƚŽĚĂƐĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐůŝƐƚĂƐƋƵĞ
ƚƌĂĚƵǌĞŵĂƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚŽƐĨŝůŵĞƐĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĞŵƋƵĞŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽĂŵŝŐŽƐ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĞŵƚŽĚŽƐŽŵĞƐŵŽĨŝůŵĞͿ
଺ଶହିହ ଺ଶ଴ ଵଶସ
଺ଶହ ଺ଶହ ଵଶହ

ϭϮϯ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͳ ൈ ͷ ൈ ଼‫ܣ‬ଶ;ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚŽƐŵŝůŚĂƌĞƐĠƐĞŵƉƌĞͳ͕ŽĚĂƐ
ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽĚĞĞŶƚƌĞŽƐĐŝŶĐŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƉĂƌĞƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞƐƚĂƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐ͕
ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ ଼‫ܣ‬ଶ ƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞĚŽŝƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽƐĚĞĞŶƚƌĞŽƐŽŝƚŽƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐͿ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ;ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐƋƵĂƚƌŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƐĞũĂ͸͕ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐ
ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐ͕ƐĞŶĚŽƉĂƌ͕ƐſƉŽĚĞƐĞƌͲ͕ʹŽƵͶ͘^ĞĨŽƌͲ͕ŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚĂƐ
ƐĆŽͳʹ͵ͲĞͳ͵ʹͲ͖ƐĞĨŽƌʹ͕ƐĆŽͳͲ͵ʹĞͳ͵Ͳʹ͖ƐĞĨŽƌͶ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŶĞŶŚƵŵͿ
ସ ସ ଵ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ఴ ൌ ൌ
ଵൈହൈ ஺మ ହൈ଼ൈ଻ ଻଴

ϭϮϰ͘,ĄͷǨĂůŝŶŚĂŵĞŶƚŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚŽƐĐŝŶĐŽĐĂƌƚƁĞƐ;ĂƐůĞƚƌĂƐĚŽƐĐĂƌƚƁĞƐƐĆŽƚŽĚĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐͿ
ĂͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͷǨ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ͳ;ƐſŚĄƵŵĂůŝŶŚĂŵĞŶƚŽƋƵĞĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞăƉĂůĂǀƌĂD/'KͿ
ଵ ଵ
ହǨ ଵଶ଴
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ͷǨ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵Ǩ ൈ ʹǨ;ĂƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌsss͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ͵Ǩ
ŵŽĚŽƐĚĞĂƐƚƌġƐǀŽŐĂŝƐŽĐƵƉĂƌĞƐŽƐƐĞƵƐƚƌġƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐĞʹǨŵŽĚŽƐĚĞĂƐĚƵĂƐĐŽŶƐŽĂŶƚĞƐ
ŽĐƵƉĂƌĞƐŽƐƐĞƵƐĚŽŝƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐͿ
ଷǨൈଶǨ ଵଶ ଵ
ହǨ ଵଶ଴ ଵ଴

ϭϮϱ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗͸Ǩ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ ൈ ͵Ǩ ൈ ͵Ǩ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵͶĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĂƐƚƌġƐĐĂĚĞŝƌĂƐŽŶĚĞ
ƐĞƐĞŶƚĂŵŽƐƚƌġƐĂŵŝŐŽƐƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽƐ͖ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ĞƐƐĞƐƚƌġƐĂŵŝŐŽƐƉŽĚĞŵŽĐƵƉĂƌĞƐƐĂƐ
ƚƌġƐĐĂĚĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ͵ǨŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞŽƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƚƌġƐĂŵŝŐŽƐƉŽĚĞŵŽĐƵƉĂƌĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ
ƚƌġƐĐĂĚĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ͵ǨŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐͿ
ସൈଷǨൈଷǨ ଵ
଺Ǩ ହ

ϭϮϲ͘ĂͿ,Ą ଽ‫ܣ‬ଷ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵŝƌĂƐƉĞĕĂƐŶŽƚĂďƵůĞŝƌŽ;ƐĆŽĂƐƐĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐ
ĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͕ĚŽƐŶŽǀĞĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƋƵĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŵĂƐĐĂƐĂƐĚŽƚĂďƵůĞŝƌŽͿ
ďͿEƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ܣ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͵Ǩ ൅ ହ‫ܣ‬ଷ ;ĂƐƉĞĕĂƐƉŽĚĞŵĨŝĐĂƌŶĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĨŝůĂ͕ĚĞ͵ǨŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐ
ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐ͕ŽƵŶĂƚĞƌĐĞŝƌĂĨŝůĂ͕ĚĞ ହ‫ܣ‬ଷ ŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐͿ
ଷǨା ఱ஺య ଺଺ ଵଵ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ వ ൌ ൌ
஺య ହ଴ସ ଼ସ


ĐͿĂĚŽƋƵĞƐĞƐĂďĞƋƵĞĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĚĂƐĐĂƐĂƐƋƵĞĂƐƉĞĕĂƐŽĐƵƉĂŵĠƉĂƌ͕ĞŶƚĆŽĂƐ
ƉĞĕĂƐŽĐƵƉĂŵƚƌġƐĐĂƐĂƐƉĂƌĞƐŽƵ͕ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ƵŵĂĐĂƐĂƉĂƌĞĚƵĂƐşŵƉĂƌĞƐ͘ŽŵŽŚĄ͕ŶŽ
ƚĂďƵůĞŝƌŽ͕ƋƵĂƚƌŽĐĂƐĂƐƉĂƌĞƐĞĐŝŶĐŽĐĂƐĂƐşŵƉĂƌĞƐ͕ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ ସ‫ܣ‬ଷ ൅ Ͷ ൈ ହ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ͵ǨĐĂƐŽƐ
ƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͘
ĞƐƚĞƐ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐĂƋƵĞĂƐƉĞĕĂƐĨŝƋƵĞŵŶĂĨŝůĂĚĞďĂŝǆŽĠ ଷ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ʹ ൈ ͵Ǩ
య
஼మ ൈଶൈଷǨ ଷ଺ ଷ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ర ൌ ൌ
஺య ାସൈ ఱ஼మ ൈଷǨ ଶ଺ସ ଶଶ

ϭϮϳ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸;ƐĆŽŽƐĐĂƐŽƐ͗ͳǡ ͳǡ ʹ͖ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵͖ͳǡ ͵ǡ Ͷ͖ʹǡ ͳǡ ͵͖ʹǡ ʹǡ Ͷ͖͵ǡ ͳǡ ͶͿ
଺ ଷ
ସ ଷଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϮ

ϭϮϴ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଻‫ܣ‬Ԣଶ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଷ‫ܣ‬Ԣଶ ൅ ସ‫ܣ‬Ԣଶ ;ŽƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽƐƉĞůĂŶĂĞƉĞůĂdĞƌĞƐĂƉŽĚĞŵ
ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞƌĂŵďŽƐĂŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽŽƵ͕ĞŵĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚŝǀĂ͕ĂŽƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽͿ
య
஺ᇱమ ା ర஺ᇱమ ଷమ ାସమ ଶହ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ళ஺ᇱ ൌ ൌ
మ ଻మ ସଽ

ϭϮϵ͘EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଼‫ܥ‬ଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗͸ ൈ ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ;ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƐĞŝƐĨĂĐĞƐŶŽĐƵďŽĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕
ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ ସ‫ܥ‬ଷ ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞƚƌġƐŽƐƐĞƵƐƋƵĂƚƌŽǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐͿ
଺ൈ ర஼య ଶସ ଷ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ఴ
஼య
ൌ
ହ଺
ൌ
଻

ϭϯϬ͘

௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ଴ǡଶ
ϭϯϭ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ͲǡͶ ൌ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
௉ሺ஺ሻ ௉ሺ஺ሻ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ Ͳǡ͸ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ Ͳǡʹ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͵
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ Ͷܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ʹܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻
మ
ଶ ௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ௉ሺ஺ሻ ଶ
฻ ͷܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ʹܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ఱ௉ሺ஺ሻ ൌ ൌ ͲǡͶ
ହ ௉ሺ஻ሻ ହ


ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ
භܲሺ‫ܣ‬ȁ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஻ሻ
฻ Ͳǡʹ ൌ ଴ǡଷ
฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͲ͸
௉ሺ஺ҧ‫ת‬஻തሻ തതതതതത ሻ
௉ሺ஺‫׫‬஻
භܲሺ‫ܣ‬ҧȁ‫ܤ‬തሻ ൌ ฻ ͲǡͶ ൌ തതതതതതത
฻ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܤ ׫‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡʹͺ ฻ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͹ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
௉ሺ஻തሻ ଴ǡ଻
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ Ͳǡ͹ʹ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ Ͳǡ͵ െ ͲǡͲ͸ ฻ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͲǡͶͺ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
௉ሺ஺‫ת‬஻ሻ ଴ǡ଴଺ ଵ
ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ȁ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ஺ሻ
ൌ
଴ǡସ଼
ൌ ൌ Ͳǡͳʹͷ
଼

ϭϯϮ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ

ĐͿ
ĚͿ


ĞͿ

ϭϯϯ͘ĂͿ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϯ

ďͿ

ϭϯϰ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܪ‬Ğ‫ܮ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܪ‬ŽĨƵŶĐŝŽŶĄƌŝŽƐĞƌŚŽŵĞŵ
‫͗ܮ‬ŽĨƵŶĐŝŽŶĄƌŝŽƐĞƌůŝĐĞŶĐŝĂĚŽ
KƐĚĂĚŽƐĚŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŵƉƌĞĞŶĐŚĞƌĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƚĂďĞůĂ͗
‫ܮ‬ Ϭ͕ϭ Ϭ͕Ϯ Ϭ͕ϯ
‫ܮ‬ത Ϭ͕ϰϵ Ϭ͕Ϯϭ Ϭ͕ϳ
dŽƚĂů Ϭ͕ϱϵ Ϭ͕ϰϭ ϭ

ഥ
ഥ ሻ ൌ ௉ሺ௅‫ת‬ுሻ ൌ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ܲሺ‫ܮ‬ȁ‫ܪ‬
଴ǡଶ
ൌ
ଶ଴
͘
ഥሻ
௉ሺு ଴ǡସଵ ସଵ

ϭϯϱ͘^ĞũĂŵ‫ܨ‬Ğ‫ܧ‬ŽƐĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽƐ͗
‫͗ܨ‬ĂŵŽĞĚĂůĂŶĕĂĚĂĠĨĂůƐĂ
‫͗ܧ‬ĂĨĂĐĞƐĂşĚĂĠĂĨĂĐĞĞƵƌŽƉĞŝĂ
௉ሺி‫ת‬ாሻ ௉ሺிሻൈ௉ሺாȁிሻ ௉ሺிሻൈ௉ሺாȁிሻ ଴ǡଷ ଴ǡଷ ଺
ܲሺ‫ܨ‬ȁ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ
௉ሺாሻ
ൌ ௉ሺா‫ת‬ிሻା௉ሺா‫ת‬ிതሻ ൌ ௉ሺிሻൈ௉ሺாȁிሻା௉ሺிതሻൈ௉ሺாȁிതሻ ൌൌ ൌ ൌ
ᇣᇤᇥ ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ ᇣᇤᇥ ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ ଴ǡଷା଴ǡଶହ ଴ǡହହ ଵଵ
బǡఱ బǡల బǡఱ బǡఱ

ϭϯϲ͘^ĞũĂ‫א ݌͕݌‬ሿͲǡ ͳሿ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ‫݌‬
භܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݌‬ൈ ‫ ݌‬ൌ ‫݌‬ଶ
භܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͷܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͷ‫݌‬ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ ͷ‫݌‬ଶ ൌ ‫ ݌‬൅ ‫ ݌‬െ ‫݌‬ଶ ฻ ͸‫݌‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݌‬ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଵ
฻ ‫݌‬ሺ͸‫ ݌‬െ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݌‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݌ ש‬ൌ
ଷ
ଵ
ŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫͕Ͳ ് ݌‬ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ݌‬ൌ ଷ͘

ϭϯϳ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂĕĆŽĚĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ͗
hŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĠŵƷůƚŝƉůŽĚĞͷƐĞĞƐſƐĞŽƐĞƵĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĨŽƌͲŽƵͷ͘ŽŵŽ͕ŶĞƐƚĞ
ଵ
ĐĂƐŽ͕ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽŶĆŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌͲ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ଽ


භĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂĕĆŽĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ͗
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ܣ‬ᇱଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ܣ‬ଷ
వ
஺య ଽൈ଼ൈ଻ ହ଺
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ వ ൌ ൌ
஺ᇲయ ଽయ ଽమ
භĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂĕĆŽĚĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ͗
‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ĠŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽͨŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽĠŵƷůƚŝƉůŽĚĞͷĞƚĞŵŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐƚŽĚŽƐ
ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐͩ͘
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଽ‫ܣ‬ᇱଷ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗ ଼‫ܣ‬ଶ ;ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽĚĞŵŽĚŽƷŶŝĐŽ
;ƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌͷͿĞŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐĚĂƐĚĞǌĞŶĂƐĞĚĂƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĂƐŶĆŽƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌͷͿ
ఴ
஺మ ଼ൈ଻ ହ଺
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ వ ൌ ൌ య
஺ᇲయ ଽయ ଽ
ଵ ହ଺ ହ଺
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൈ మൌ య ൌ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫ܤ‬ƐĆŽŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĞƐ͘
ଽ ଽ ଽ

ϭϯϴ͘^ĞũĂ‫ א ݌͕݌‬ሾͲǡͳሿ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻǤ
଴ǡଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ฻ Ͳǡʹ ൌ ‫ ݌‬ൈ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ฻ ‫݌‬ሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ Ğ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕
௣
଴ǡଶ ଴ǡଶ
ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ฻ Ͳǡ͹ ൌ ‫ ݌‬൅ െ Ͳǡʹ ฻ ‫ ݌‬൅ െ Ͳǡͻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
௣ ௣
฻ ‫݌‬ଶ െ Ͳǡͻ‫ ݌‬൅ Ͳǡʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݌‬ൌ ͲǡͶ ‫ ݌ ש‬ൌ Ͳǡͷ
଴ǡଶ ଶ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݌‬ൌ ͲǡͶ͕ǀĞŵ‫݌‬ሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳǡͷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ͲǡͶŶĆŽĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂ͘
଴ǡସ ସ
଴ǡଶ ଶ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݌‬ൌ Ͳǡͷ͕ǀĞŵ‫݌‬ሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͲǡͶ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ͘
଴ǡହ ହ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϰ

ͨKƐƚƌġƐŵĂŝƐͩ

ϭϯϵ͘


ϭϰϬ͘KĞƐƋƵĞŵĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌĂĞǆƉĞƌŝġŶĐŝĂƚƌĂĚƵǌŝĚĂŶŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͗
̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴
ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ ᇧᇥ ǡ ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴
ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ ᇧᇥ ǡ ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴
ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ ᇧᇥ
ᇧᇥ ǡ ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴
ଵǤ͐ୣ୶୲୰ୟ ୭ ଶǤ͐ୣ୶୲୰ୟ ୭ ଷǤ͐ୣ୶୲୰ୟ ୭ ସǤ͐ୣ୶୲୰ୟ ୭

EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗ ଼‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଶ‫ܥ‬ଶ ;ŚĄ ଼‫ܥ‬ଶ ƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞĚƵĂƐĚĂŽŝƚŽ
ďŽůĂƐƉĂƌĂĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ŚĄ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĞůĂƐ͕ƉĂƌĂĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞĚƵĂƐĚĂƐƐĞŝƐďŽůĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ͕ŚĄ͕ƉĂƌĂĂƚĞƌĐĞŝƌĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͕ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞ
ĚƵĂƐĚĂƐƋƵĂƚƌŽďŽůĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐĞƵŵĂƐſƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĂƌĂĂƐĚƵĂƐƷůƚŝŵĂƐďŽůĂƐͿ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ ൈ ଷ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଶ‫ܥ‬ଶ ;ͶĠŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ
ĞƐĐŽůŚĞƌĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽĞŵƋƵĞƐĂĞŵĚƵĂƐďŽůĂƐƉƌĞƚĂƐ͖ ଷ‫ܥ‬ଶĠŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐĚĞ
ĚƵĂƐĚĂƐƚƌġƐďŽůĂƐƉƌĞƚĂƐƐĂşĚĂƐŶĞƐƐĂĞǆƚƌĂĕĆŽ͖ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଶ‫ܥ‬ଶ ĠŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞ
ƌĞĂůŝǌĂƌĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƚƌġƐĞǆƚƌĂĕƁĞƐͿ
EƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƐŽƐĨĂǀŽƌĄǀĞŝƐ͗Ͷ ൈ ଷ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଺‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ସ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൈ ଶ‫ܥ‬ଶ
ସൈ య஼మ ൈ ల஼మ ൈ ర஼మ ൈ మ஼మ ସൈ య஼మ ସൈଷ ଷ
WƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƉĞĚŝĚĂ͗ ఴ ൌ ൌ ൌ
஼మ ൈ ల஼మ ൈ ర஼మ ൈ మ஼మ ఴ
஼మ ଶ଼ ଻

ϭϰϭ͘


dĞŵĂϯͮ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐZĞĂŝƐĚĞsĂƌŝĄǀĞůZĞĂů

ϭ͘>ŝŵŝƚĞƐĞĐŽŶƚŝŶƵŝĚĂĚĞ
WĄŐ͘ϳ
ϭ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ
ĐͿ


Ϯ͘ĂͿሺͳ െ ʹ݊ଶ ሻ ൌ ሺͳሻ െ ሺʹ݊ଶ ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ െλ
ଵ ୪୧୫ሺଵሻ ଵ
ďͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ୪୧୫ሺଶ௡ାଷሻ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ௡ାଷ ାஶ
ĐͿሾሺʹ݊ െ ͳሻሺ͵ െ ݊ሻሿ ൌ ሺʹ݊ െ ͳሻ ൈ ሺ͵ െ ݊ሻ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ሺെλሻ ൌ െλ
ଶ௡ିଵ ହ ହ ୪୧୫ሺହሻ ହ
ĚͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀʹ െ ቁ ൌ ሺʹሻ െ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹ െ ୪୧୫ሺ௡ାଷሻ ൌ ʹ െ ൌ ʹ െ Ͳ ൌ ʹ
௡ାଷ ௡ାଷ ௡ାଷ ାஶ

WĄŐ͘ϴ
ஶିஶ
ϯ͘ĂͿሺͳͲ݊ െ ʹ݊ଶ ሻ ൌ
ฎ ሺെʹ݊ଶ ሻ ൌ െλ
ஶିஶ
൫ξସ௡ାଷିଶξ௡൯൫ξସ௡ାଷାଶξ௡൯ ସ௡ାଷିସ௡
ďͿ൫ξͶ݊ ൅ ͵ െ ʹξ݊൯ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ
ξସ௡ାଷାଶξ௡ ξସ௡ାଷାଶξ௡
ଷ ଷ
ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ξସ௡ାଷାଶξ௡ ାஶ
ஶିஶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶ ௡ ଵ
ĐͿሺ͵௡ െ ʹ௡ିଵ െ ͷି௡ ሻ ൌ
ฎ ቀ͵௡ െ ൈ ʹ௡ െ ቁ ൌ ቂ͵௡ ቀͳ െ ൈ ቀ ቁ െ ቁቃ ൌ
ଶ ହ೙ ଶ ଷ ଵହ೙
ଵ
ൌ ൅λ ൈ ቀͳ െ ൈ Ͳ െ Ͳቁ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ͳ ൌ ൅λ
ଶ
ಮ
ಮ
ଶ௡మ ିଵ ଶ௡మ ଶ ଶ
ĚͿ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௡య ାଷ௡ାଵ଴ ௡య ௡ ାஶ
ಮ
ಮ
ଶ௡ ଶ௡ ଶ௡ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ĞͿ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ξଽ௡మ ାସ௡ ర ర ర ଷξଵା଴ ଷ
ξଽ௡మ ටଵା ଷ௡ටଵା ଷටଵା
వ೙ వ೙ వ೙
ಮషಮ
భ య ೙ భ య ೙ భ భ
ଷ೙ ିଶమ೙షభ
ಮ
ଷ೙ ି ൈସ೙ ସ೙ ൤ቀ ቁ ି ൨ ቀ ቁ ି ଴ି ଵ
ర మ
ĨͿ ൌ
ฎ ସ೙ ାଷൈଷ೙ ൌ మ
య ೙
ൌ ర మ
య ೙
ൌ ଵାଷൈ଴ ൌ െ
మ
ଶమ೙ ାଷ೙శభ ସ ೙ ൤ଵାଷൈቀ ቁ ൨ ଵାଷൈቀ ቁ ଶ
ర ర
బ
భ బ
ଵ ௡ ௡ ξ௡మ ௡మ
ŐͿ ξ೙శభ
ൌ
ฎ ቀ ൈ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ ට௡మ ାଵଵ௡ାଵ଴ ൌ
ξ೙శభబ ξ௡ାଵ ξ௡ାଵ଴ ξ௡మ ାଵଵ௡ାଵ଴ ξ௡మ ାଵଵ௡ାଵ଴
೙
ಮ
ಮ
௡మ ௡మ
ൌ ට ฎ ට௡మ ൌ ͳ
ൌ
௡మ ାଵଵ௡ାଵ଴
ಮ
଴ൈஶ ಮ
ଶ௡మ ିଵ ௡ାଵ య మ
ଶ௡ ାଶ௡ ି௡ିଵ ଶ௡య ଵ
ŚͿ ቀ
௡య ାଵ଴
ൈ
ସ
ቁ ൌ
ฎ
ସ௡య ାସ଴
ൌ
ฎ ସ௡య ൌ
ଶ


^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĨĂůƐĂ
ĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĨĂůƐĂĠĂĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŶĂĂůşŶĞĂĂͿ͘
WƌŽǀĞŵŽƐĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚĂŶĂĂůşŶĞĂďͿ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌŚŝƉſƚĞƐĞ͗
භ‫݌׌‬ଵ ‫ א‬Գ ‫ ݊ ׷‬൐ ‫݌‬ଵ ฺ ‫ݒ‬௡ ൒ ‫ݑ‬௡ Ğ
භ‫ ܮ׊‬൐ Ͳǡ ‫݌׌‬ଶ ‫ א‬Գ ‫ ݊ ׷‬൐ ‫݌‬ଶ ฺ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൐ ‫ܮ‬
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƐĞŶĚŽ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂ‫ ܮ‬൐ Ͳ͕‫ ݌‬ൌ ݉‫ݔ‬ሼ‫݌‬ଵ ǡ ‫݌‬ଶ ሽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĞƐƐĞǀĂůŽƌĚĞ‫͕ܮ‬
݊ ൐ ‫ݒ ฺ ݌‬௡ ൒ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൐ ‫͘ܮ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܮ׊‬൐ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݌׌‬Գ ‫ ݊ ׷‬൐ ‫ݒ ฺ ݌‬௡ ൐ ‫͕ܮ‬ŽƋƵĞƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞ ‫ݒ‬௡ ൌ ൅λ͘
WĂƌĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĂƌĂŚŝƉſƚĞƐĞĚĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŶĂĂůşŶĞĂĂͿĚĞŵŽĚŽĂŽďƚĞƌƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽ
ǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͕ďĂƐƚĂĂĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĂƌĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽͨሺ‫ݒ‬௡ ሻĠƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞͩ͘

WĄŐ͘ϵ
௡ ௡ ଵ ଵ
ϰ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ మ ାଵ ൏ మ ฻ మ ାଵ ൏ మ ฻ ݊ଶ ൅ ͳ ൐ ݊ଶ ͘
௡ ௡ ௡ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ݊ଶ ൅ ͳ ൐ ݊ଶ͕ĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĚĂĚĂĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
௡ାଵ ଶ௡
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ మ ൏ మ ฻ ݊ ൅ ͳ ൏ ʹ݊ ฻ ݊ ൐ ͳ͘
௡ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽͨ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ݊ ൐ ͳǽĠĨĂůƐĂ͕ĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĚĂĚĂĠĨĂůƐĂ͘
௡ାଵ ௡ ௡ାଵ ଵ ଷ௡ାଷିଶ௡ିଵ ௡ାଶ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൒ ฻ ൒ ฻ ൒Ͳ฻ ൒ Ͳ
ଶ௡ାଵ ଷ௡ ଶ௡ାଵ ଷ ଺௡ାଷ ଺௡ାଷ
௡ାଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫א ݊׊‬ Գǡ ଺௡ାଷ ൒ Ͳ͕ĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘

ଵ ଵ ௡ିଶ௡ାଵ ି௡ାଵ
ϱ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൏ ฻
ଶ௡ିଵ ௡ ௡ሺଶ௡ିଵሻ
൏Ͳ฻
௡ሺଶ௡ିଵሻ
൏ Ͳ ฻ െ݊ ൅ ͳ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ݊ ൐ ͳ͘
KƌĂ͕ŽŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůĚĞ‫݌‬ƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ݊ ൒ ‫ ݊ ฺ ݌‬൐ ͳĠʹ͘
௡ାହ ଷ௡ ହ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൏ ฻ ݊ ൅ ͷ ൏ ͵݊ ฻ ݊ ൐ ͘
௡మ ௡మ ଶ
ହ
KƌĂ͕ŽŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůĚĞ‫݌‬ƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ݊ ൒ ‫ ݊ ฺ ݌‬൐ Ġ͵͘
ଶ
௡ାସ ଶ௡ ௡ାସ ଶ ௡మ ାସ௡ିଶ௡మ ିଶ ି௡మ ାସ௡ିଶ

ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ మ ାଵ ൏ మ ฻ మ ାଵ ൏ ฻ ൏Ͳ฻ ൏ Ͳ ฻
௡ ௡ ௡ ௡ ௡య ା௡ ௡య ା௡
฻ ݊ଶ െ Ͷ݊ ൅ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ͮ݊ െ Ͷ݊ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݊ ൌ ʹ െ ξʹ ‫ ݊ ש‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ξʹ
ଶ
ሺ௡‫א‬Գሻ
฻ ݊ ൏ ʹ െ ξʹ ‫ ݊ ש‬൐ ʹ ൅ ξʹ ฻ ฏ ݊ ൏ ͳ ‫ ݊ ש‬൐ ͵ ฻ ݊ ൐ ͵
KƌĂ͕ŽŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůĚĞ‫݌‬ƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ݊ ൒ ‫ ݊ ฺ ݌‬൐ ͵ĠͶ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϬ
ϲ͘

ϳ͘

ϴ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗െͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ͳ ฻ െͳ ൑ െ ݊ ൑ ͳ ฻ ͳ ൑ ʹ െ ݊ ൑ ͵ ฻
฻ ݊ ൑ ݊ሺʹ െ ݊ሻ ൑ ͵݊
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ݊ሺʹ െ ݊ሻ ൒ ݊Ğ ݊ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
ሾ݊ሺʹ െ ݊ሻሿ ൌ ൅λ͘
ଶ௡ାଵ ௡ ଵ ௡
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞቀ ቁ ൌ ቀʹ ൅ ቁ ൐ ʹ௡
௡ ௡
ଶ௡ାଵ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ቀ ቁ ൐ ʹ௡ Ğ ʹ௡ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
௡
ଶ௡ାଵ ௡
ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͘
௡
ଷ௡ାଶ ଵ ଷ௡ାଶ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ͵െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů Ġ
௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ
ĞƐƚƌŝƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚŽĚŽƐŽƐƐĞƵƐƚĞƌŵŽƐƐĆŽŵĂŝŽƌĞƐŽƵŝŐƵĂŝƐĂŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ͕ƋƵĞĠŝŐƵĂů
ହ
Ă
ଶ
ଷ௡ାଶ ௡ ହ ௡ ହ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ቀ ቁ ൐ ቀ ቁ Ğ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
௡ାଵ ଶ ଶ
ଷ௡ାଶ ௡
ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͘
௡ାଵ

ଷ௡ିଵ ଷ௡ିଵିଶǡ଼௡ିହǡ଺ ଴ǡଶ௡ି଺ǡ଺
ϵ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൐ ͳǡͶ ฻ ൐Ͳ฻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ Ͳǡʹ݊ െ ͸ǡ͸ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ݊ ൐ ͵͵
ଶ௡ାସ ଶ௡ାସ ଶ௡ାସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ݊ ൒ ͵Ͷ ฺ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൐ ͳǡͶ
ଷ௡ିଵ ௡
ďͿŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ͕ƉĂƌĂ݊ ൒ ͵Ͷ͕ቀ ቁ ൐ ͳǡͶ௡ Ğ ͳǡͶ௡ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
ଶ௡ାସ
ଷ௡ିଵ ௡
ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͘
ଶ௡ାସ


WĄŐ͘ϭϭ
n n
ϭϬ͘ĂͿ ∀n ∈ `, ¦
k =1
3
n
4
n +k
≥ 3
n 2 Ğ lim n 2
4
n +n 3 4
n +n
= +∞ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim ¦ 3 4n
k =1 n +k
= +∞ ͘
n n
1 − n ≤ n(1 − n ) Ğ lim n(1 − n ) = −∞ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim 1 − n = −∞ ͘
ďͿ ∀n ∈ `, ¦
k =1
n+k 2n 2n ¦
k =1
n+k

WĄŐ͘ϭϯ
ଶ௡ିଵ ଶ
ଵ ଵଵ
ϭϭ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ͗
ൌ െ
ସ௡ ସ
ଶ ସ௡
ସ௡
ଶ௡ିଵ
භĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů ସ௡ ĠĞƐƚƌŝƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚŽĚŽƐŽƐƐĞƵƐƚĞƌŵŽƐƐĆŽ
ଵ
ŵĂŝŽƌĞƐŽƵŝŐƵĂŝƐĂŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ͕ƋƵĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͖
ସ
ଶ௡ିଵ ଵ
භ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ൏
ସ௡ ଶ
ଵ ௡ ଶ௡ିଵ ௡ ଵ ௡ ଵ ௡ ଵ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ቀ ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ ൏ ቀ ቁ Ğ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ
ସ ସ௡ ଶ ସ ଶ
ଶ௡ିଵ ௡
ƋƵĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ସ௡
௡ ௡ାୡ୭ୱమ ௡
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞͲ ൑ ଶ ݊ ൑ ͳ ฻ ݊ ൑ ݊ ൅ ଶ ݊ ൑ ݊ ൅ ͳ ฻ ൑ ൑ ͳ͘
௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ
௡ ௡ାୡ୭ୱమ ௡ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ൑ ൑ ͳĞ ൌ ͳ ൌ ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ
௡ାୡ୭ୱమ ௡
ൌ ͳ͘
௡ାଵ
ଵୱୣ୬ ௡ ଵ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞെͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ͳ ฻ െ ଶ ൑ ଶ
൑ ͘
ଶ
ଵ ௡ ୱୣ୬ ௡ ௡ ଵ ௡ ଵ ௡ ଵ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫א ݊׊‬ Գǡ ቀെ ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ Ğ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ୱୣ୬ ௡ ௡
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ଶ
ଵ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௡ሻ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௡ሻ ଵ ଵ
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞെͳ ൑ ሺʹ݊ሻ ൑ ͳ ฻ െ ൑ ൑ ฻ െ ൑ ൅ ൑ ൅ ฻
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ
ଵ ௡ ଵ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௡ሻ ௡ ହ ௡
฻ቀ ቁ ൑ቀ ൅ ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ
଺ ଶ ଷ ଺
ଵ ௡ ଵ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௡ሻ ௡ ହ ௡ ଵ ௡ ହ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ቀ଺ቁ ൑ ቀଶ ൅ ଷ
ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ Ğ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞ
଺ ଺ ଺
ଵ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௡ሻ ௡
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ଶ ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϭϰ
ϭϮ͘ĂͿ‫ݓ‬௡ ĠĂƐŽŵĂĚĞ݊ƉĂƌĐĞůĂƐ͕ĚĂƐƋƵĂŝƐĂŵĞŶŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݅ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌ͕݊ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
ଶ௡ ଶ௡
ଷ௡మ ା௡͕ĞĂŵĂŝŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݅ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ మ ାଵ͘ ଷ௡
ଶ௡ ଶ௡
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݊ ൈ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ݊ ൈ ͘
ଷ௡మ ା௡ ଷ௡మ ାଵ
ଶ௡మ ଶ௡మ ଶ௡మ ଶ௡మ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ଷ௡మ ା௡ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ଷ௡మ ାଵĞ ଷ௡మ ା௡ ൌ ଷ௡మ ାଵ ൌ ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ
ଷ
ଶ
ƋƵĞ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ ଷ͘


ďͿ‫ݓ‬௡ ĠĂƐŽŵĂĚĞʹ݊ ൅ ͳƉĂƌĐĞůĂƐ͕ĚĂƐƋƵĂŝƐĂŵĞŶŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݇ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌʹ͕݊ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
ହ ହ ହ
య య ͕ĞĂŵĂŝŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݇ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌͲ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ య య ൌ ͘
ξ௡ ାଶ௡ ξ௡ ା଴ ௡
ହ ହ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞሺʹ݊ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ య ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ሺʹ݊ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ ͘
ξ௡య ାଶ௡ ௡
ଵ଴௡ାହ ଵ଴௡ାହ ଵ଴௡ାହ ଵ଴௡ାହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ య ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ Ğ య య ൌ ൌ ͳͲ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞ
ξ௡య ାଶ௡ ௡ ξ௡ ାଶ௡ ௡
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ ͳͲ͘

ϭϯ͘
ĂͿ^ĞũĂ (un ) ƵŵĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂϮ͘
1 − 3un 1 − 3lim un 1 − 3 × 2
lim = = = −1 ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim 1 −2 3 x = −1 ͘
2 2
(un ) + 1 (lim un ) + 1 4 +1 x→2 x + 1
ďͿ^ĞũĂ (un ) ƵŵĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ −∞ ͘

lim [un − 3(un ) 2 ] = lim un − 3(lim un ) 2 = −∞ − 3 × ( +∞ ) = −∞ ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim ( x − 3 x 2 ) = −∞ ͘
x →−∞

WĄŐ͘ϭϱ
ϭϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ಮ
‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ಮ ‫ݔ‬ଶ
ൌ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅λ
௫՜ାஶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ௫՜ାஶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ௫՜ାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫՜ାஶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͗
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫՜ାஶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϱ
2 f ( x) 2
ϭϱ͘ ∀x ∈ D, 0 < 2cos x ≤ 1 ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ∀x ∈ D, 1 − x < ≤ 1 + x ͘ŽŵŽ
2 cos x 2 cos x 2 cos x
2 2 f ( x)
lim 1 − x = lim 1 + x = 1 ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞ lim = 1 ͘
x → 0 2 cos x x → 0 2 cos x 2 x → 0 2 cos x 2

௠ ௙ሺ௫ሻ ெ
ϭϲ͘ĂͿŽŵŽ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݉ ൑ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ‫ ܯ‬฻ మ ൑ మ ൑ మ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂ
௫ ାଵ ௫ ାଵ ௫ ାଵ
ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
ďͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͕ƉŽŝƐ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ͕ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞ

ଵ ଵ ଵ
െ ଷ ݉ ൑ െ ଷ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ െ ଷ ‫͕ܯ‬ƋƵĞĠƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĨĂůƐĂ͘


ϭϳ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
f ( x) x
∀x ∈ \ − , x + 1 ≤ ≤ Ğ lim x + 1 = lim x = 1
x x x x →−∞ x x →−∞ x
ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͗
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ൌ ͳ
௫՜ିஶ ‫ݔ‬

ϭϴ͘WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͕‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ ͲĞ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͕ǀĞŵ ൑ ൑ ͘
௫ାଵ ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ ௫ିଵ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĚĞ௫ାଵ ൑ ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ ൑ ௫ିଵĞĚĞ‫ݔ‬ െ ͳ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ͕
௫ିଵ ௫ିୱୣ୬ ௫ ௫ାଵ
ƐĞƚĞŵ ൑ ൑ ͘
௫ାଵ ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ ௫ିଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ͗
‫ݔ‬െͳ ‫ݔ‬െͳ
ൌ ൌ ͳ
௫՜ାஶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ௫՜ାஶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ
ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ͗
‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬
ൌ ͳ
௫՜ାஶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬

WĄŐ͘ϭϳ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ƌƌĞĨĞĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƵŵƉƵĚŝŵ
^ŝŵ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĠƌĂǌŽĄǀĞůĂĚŵŝƚŝƌƋƵĞĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚŽƉƵĚŝŵƉĂƐƐŽƵĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĂŵĞŶƚĞĚĞ͹ͲԨĂͳʹԨ͕
ŚĄͲĚĞƚĞƌŽĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƵŵŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĞŵƋƵĞĞůĂĞƌĂ͸ͷԨ͘

^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍DŝƐƐĆŽƉŽƐƐşǀĞůŽƵŵŝƐƐĆŽŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞů͍
ϭ͘ Ϯ͘

ϯ͘EĆŽ͘

EĆŽ͕ŶĆŽĠƉŽƐƐşǀĞů͘dĂůŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝĚĂĚĞƐŽďƌĞƐƐĂŝĚŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĞƐďŽĕĂĚŽƐĞŵϭĞϮ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϵ
ϭϵ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾെͳǡ ͲሿĞĞŵሾͲǡ ʹሿ͘

݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ͳ െ ͳ ൌ ͳ͕݂ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ െ Ͳ െ ͳ ൌ െͳĞ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ͳ͸ െ ͺ െ ͳ ൌ ͹
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞ݂ሺͲሻ ൏ Ͳ ൏ ݂ሺെͳሻĞ݂ሺͲሻ ൏ Ͳ ൏ ݂ሺʹሻ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞ
ŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞ݂ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵሿ െ ͳǡ ͲሾĞƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵሿͲǡ ʹሾ͘

ଵ
ϮϬ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵቂͲǡ ቃ͘
ଶ
KƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ f ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵ º 0, 1 ª ƐĞĞƐſƐĞ

»¼ 2 «¬
f (−1) Ğ f (0) ƚġŵƐŝŶĂŝƐĐŽŶƚƌĄƌŝŽƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſƐĞ f (−1) × f (0) < 0 ͘
KƌĂ͕ f ( −1) × f (0) < 0 ⇔ ( a − 1 + a ) × a < 0 ⇔ (2a − 1) × a < 0 ⇔ a ∈ º 0, 1 ª ͘
»¼ 2 «¬

Ϯϭ͘

WĄŐ͘ϮϬ
ϮϮ͘


Ϯϯ͘

Ϯϰ͘

ĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĚŽŝƐǌĞƌŽƐĞ f (a) × f (b) > 0 ͘

WĄŐ͘Ϯϭ
Ϯϱ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾܽǡ ܾሿ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ƚĂŵďĠŵĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾܽǡ ܾሿ͘

KƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞ݃ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵሿܽǡ ܾሾƐĞĞƐſƐĞ
݃ሺܽሻ ൈ ݃ሺܾሻ ൏ Ͳ͘
KƌĂ͕݃ሺܽሻ ൈ ݃ሺܾሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ሾʹ݂ሺܽሻ െ ݇ሿ ൈ ሾʹ݂ሺܾሻ െ ݇ሿ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ሺͶ െ ݇ሻሺെͳͲ െ ݇ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻
฻ ݇ ‫א‬ሿ െ ͳͲǡ Ͷሾ

Ϯϲ͘


WĄŐ͘ϮϮ
Ϯϳ͘

Ϯϴ͘ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽŵĠƚŽĚŽĚĂďŝƐƐĞĕĆŽĚĞƐĐƌŝƚŽŶŽŵĂŶƵĂů͗
භ݂ሺͳሻ ൌ െͳĞ݂ሺͳǡʹሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ʹͺ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽǌĞƌŽĚĞ݂ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿͳǢ ͳǡʹሾ͖
ଵାଵǡଶ
භ ൌ ͳǡͳĞ݂ሺͳǡͳሻ ൌ െͲǡ͵͸ͻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽǌĞƌŽĚĞ݂ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿͳǡͳǢ ͳǡʹሾ͘
ଶ
଴ǡଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽͳǡʹ െ ͳǡͳ ൌ ͲǡͳĞ ൌ ͲǡͲͷ͕ͳǡͳͷĠƵŵǀĂůŽƌĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚŽĚŽǌĞƌŽĚĞ݂ĂŵĞŶŽƐĚĞ
ଶ
ͲǡͲͷ͘

WĄŐ͘Ϯϯ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍DĄǆŝŵŽƐĞŵşŶŝŵŽƐ
ϭ͘ĂͿ ďͿ ĐͿ

Ϯ͘ĂͿ ďͿ ĐͿ

ϯ͘EĆŽĠƉŽƐƐşǀĞůĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĚĂƐĂůşŶĞĂƐ͘

EĆŽ͕ŶĆŽĠƉŽƐƐşǀĞůƉĂƌĂĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽϯ͘


Ϯϵ͘ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾܽǡ ܾሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾܿǡ ݀ሿ͕ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾܽǡ ܾሿĞĞŵሾܿǡ ݀ሿ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ƉĞůŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂ
ĚĞtĞŝĞƌƐƚƌĂƐƐ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽƐƋƵĞƌĞŵ [ a, b ] ͕ƋƵĞƌĞŵ
[c, d ] ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŵĂŝŽƌĚĞƐƚĞƐŵĄǆŝŵŽƐĞŽŵĞŶŽƌĚĞƐƚĞƐŵşŶŝŵŽƐƐĆŽ͕ƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ŵĄǆŝŵŽĞ
ŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽƐĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ͘

WĄŐ͘Ϯϰ
ϯϬ͘ĂͿKǀĂůŽƌƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚŽĠŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ݇ƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂů݂ĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ
݇ƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůƐĞƚĞŵ͗
ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሺͳሻ
௫՜ଵ ௫՜ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
Ɣ ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ͵ െ ݇ ൌ Ͷ െ ݇
௫՜ଵ
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ൫ʹ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯
Ɣ శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ శ ൌ శ ൌ
௫՜ଵ ௫՜ଵ ʹ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൫ʹ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯൫ʹ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯
௫՜ଵ
‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ൫ʹ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ൫ʹ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯

ൌ శ ൌ శ ൌ
௫՜ଵ ൫ʹ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯൫ʹ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯ ௫՜ଵ Ͷ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ
‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ൫ʹ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯
ൌ శ ൌ శൣെ‫ݔ‬൫ʹ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵൯൧ ൌ െͶ
௫՜ଵ െሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ௫՜ଵ
භͶ െ ݇ ൌ െͶ ฻ ݇ ൌ ͺ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ݇ሻƲ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵

ŶƚĆŽ͕‫א ݔ׊‬ሿ െ ʹǡͳሾǡ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾെʹǡ ͳሿ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺെʹሻ ൌ െͳͶ െ ݇ĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĞ݂ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͷ െ ݇ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ͘

WĄŐ͘Ϯϴ
ϯϭ͘ĂͿ

ଶ௡ିଵ ଶ௡ ଶ
ďͿ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ଷ௡ାଶ ൌ ଷ௡ ൌ ଷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞ͘
ଵ ௡
‫ݒ‬௡ ൌ ቀെ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽሺ‫ݒ‬௡ ሻĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞ͘
ଶ


ĐͿŵďĂƐĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐƐĆŽůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂƐ͕ƉŽŝƐƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞĠůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂ͘

ϯϮ͘ĂͿ‫^ͨ͗ݍ ฺ ݌‬ĞƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĠŵŽŶſƚŽŶĂ͕ĞŶƚĆŽĠůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂͩ
ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͗ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů݊ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŶĆŽĠůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂ͘
ďͿ‫^ͨ͗݌ ฺ ݎ‬ĞƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽĠŵŽŶſƚŽŶĂͩ
ଵ
ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͗ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂůሺെͳሻ௡ ൈ ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŶĆŽĠ
௡
ŵŽŶſƚŽŶĂ͘
ĐͿ‫^ͨ͗ݎ ฺ ݍ ר ݌‬ĞƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĠŵŽŶſƚŽŶĂĞůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂ͕ĞŶƚĆŽĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞͩ
ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
ĚͿ‫^ͨ͗ݎ ׽ฺ ݍ ׽‬ĞƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽŶĆŽĠůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂ͕ĞŶƚĆŽŶĆŽĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞͩ

ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͗ĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚĞĂ‫^ͨ͗ݍ ฺ ݎ‬ĞƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞ͕
ĞŶƚĆŽĠůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂͩ͘
ĞͿ‫ ฺ ݎ ׽‬ሺ‫ݍ ׽ש ݌ ׽‬ሻ͗ͨ^ĞƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽŶĆŽĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽŶĆŽĠŵŽŶſƚŽŶĂŽƵŶĆŽĠ

ůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂͩ
ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͗ሾ‫ ฺ ݎ ׽‬ሺ‫ݍ ׽ש ݌ ׽‬ሻሿ ฻ ሾ‫ ׽ฺ ݎ ׽‬ሺ‫ݍ ר ݌‬ሻሿ ฻ ሾ‫ݎ ฺ ݍ ר ݌‬ሿ

ஶିஶ
ଵି௡ା௡మ ି௡య ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ϯϯ͘ĂͿ ൌ ቀ െ ݊ ൅ ݊ଶ െ ݊ଷ ቁ ൌ
ฎ ቀെ ݊ଷ ቁ ൌ െλ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ಮ
మ ஶିஶ ಮ
൫ଵି௡మ ൯ ି௡ర ଵିଶ௡మ ା௡ర ି௡ర ଵିଶ௡ మ ିଶ௡మ
ďͿ ௡మ ାଵ
ൌ
ฎ
௡మ ାଵ
ൌ
௡మ ାଵ
ൌ
ฎ
௡మ
ൌ െʹ
ஶିஶ
൫ξ௡మ ାଶ௡ିξ௡మ ାଵ൯൫ξ௡మ ାଶ௡ାξ௡మ ାଵ൯
ĐͿ൫ξ݊ଶ ൅ ʹ݊ െ ξ݊ଶ ൅ ͳ൯ ൌ
ฎ ൌ
ξ௡మ ାଶ௡ାξ௡మ ାଵ
ಮ
ಮ భ
௡మ ାଶ௡ି൫௡మ ାଵ൯ ଶ௡ିଵ ଶ௡ିଵ ଶି ଶ
ൌ ൌ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ೙
ൌ ൌ ͳ
ξ௡మ ାଶ௡ାξ௡మ ାଵ ξ௡మ ାଶ௡ାξ௡మ ାଵ మ భ మ భ ଵାଵ
௡ටଵା ା௡ටଵା మ ටଵା ାටଵା మ
೙ ೙ ೙ ೙
ಮ
ಮ
ଶ೙శభ ଶൈଶ೙ ଶ ௡
ĚͿ ೙ ൌ ฎ ൌ ቂʹ ൈ ቀ ቁ ቃ ൌ ʹ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
ଷ ଷ೙ ଷ
ஶିஶ
଼ ௡
ĞͿሺʹଷ௡ െ ͵ଶ௡ ሻ ൌ
ฎ ሺͺ௡ െ ͻ௡ ሻ ൌ ቈͻ௡ ቂቀ ቁ െ ͳቃ቉ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ሺͲ െ ͳሻ ൌ െλ
ଽ
ಮ
ಮ
ȁଵ଴଴ି௡ȁାଶ௡
ĨͿ ฎ
ൌ ͮWĂƌĂ݊ ൒ ͳͲͲ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞȁͳͲͲ െ ݊ȁ ൌ ݊ െ ͳͲͲ
ଶ௡ାହ
௡ିଵ଴଴ାଶ௡ ଷ௡ିଵ଴଴ ଷ௡ ଷ
ൌ ଶ௡ାହ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ଶ௡ାହ ଶ௡ ଶ


ŐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௡ ௡
Ͷ݇ െ ͳ ͳ ͳ ͵ ൅ Ͷ݊ െ ͳ ʹ݊ଶ ൅ ݊
෍ ଶ ൌ ଶ ൈ ෍ሺͶ݇ െ ͳሻ ൌ ଶ ൈ൬ ൈ ݊൰ ൌ ଶ
݊ ൅ͳ ݊ ൅ͳ ݊ ൅ͳ ʹ ݊ ൅ͳ
௞ୀଵ ௞ୀଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͗
௡
Ͷ݇ െ ͳ ʹ݊ଶ ൅ ݊ ʹ݊ଶ
෍ ଶ ൌ ଶ ൌ ଶ ൌ ʹ
݊ ൅ͳ ݊ ൅ͳ ݊
௞ୀଵ
ŚͿ
௡ ௡
ʹ ௞ ʹ ʹ ଶ ʹ ଷ ʹ ௡ ʹ ௞ ʹ ௡
െ ෍ ൬ ൰ ൌ ൅ ൬ ൰ ൅ ൬ ൰ ൅ ‫ ڮ‬൅ ൬ ൰ ǡ Ͳ ൏ ෍ ൬ ൰ ൑ ൬ ൰
͵ ͵ ͵ ͵ ͵ ͵ ͵
௞ୀଵ ௞ୀଵ
ଶ ௡ ଶ ௞
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ σ௡௞ୀଵ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ଷ ଷ

ϯϰ͘
^ĞũĂ‫ݑ‬௣ ŽŵĞŶŽƌƚĞƌŵŽĚĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻ͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ‫ݑ‬௡ ௡ ൒ ‫ݑ‬௣ ௡ ͕ƐĞ ‫ݑ‬௣ ௡ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐ
ƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͕ƋƵĞ ‫ݑ‬௡ ௡ ൌ ൅λ͘
KƌĂ͕ ‫ݑ‬௣ ௡ ൌ ൅λƐĞĞƐſƐĞܽ ൐ ͳ͘

ϯϱ͘EĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚĂƐ͕ƚĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƚĞƌ ‫ݒ‬௡ ൌ െλ͘
KƌĂ͕ĂƷŶŝĐĂŽƉĕĆŽĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ ‫ݒ‬௡ ൌ െλĠĂĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘

ϯϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞሺ͵ െ ‫ݒ‬௡ ሻ ൌ ͵ െ ሺെλሻ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐ
ĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͕ƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ൅λ͘

ϯϳ͘
cos n − n 2 1 − n 2 1 − n2 cos n − n 2
ĂͿ ∀n ∈ `, ≤ Ğ lim = −∞ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim = −∞ ͘
3n + 2 3n + 2 3n + 2 3n + 2
n n
3n + 1 3n § 3n · § 3 · 3
ďͿ ∀n ∈ `, n ≥ 2 ≥ Ğ ¨ ¸ = ¨ ¸ → +∞ ;ƉŽƌƋƵĞ > 1 Ϳ͘
n + 2 2 n © 2n ¹ © 2 ¹ 2
n
§ 3n + 1 ·
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim ¨ ¸ = +∞ ͘
© n+2 ¹
n
n n n n n
ĐͿ ¦ n + i ≥ n × n + n Ğ lim
i =1 2n
= lim
2
= +∞ ͘
n
n
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim ¦ n + i = +∞ ͘
i =1


ϯϴ͘^ĞũĂŵܽ ‫ א‬ԹĞܾ ‫ א‬ԹŽƐůŝŵŝƚĞƐĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐሺ‫ݒ‬௡ ሻĞሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻ͕ƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ሺ‫ݒ‬௡ ൅ ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻ ൌ ͷ ܽ൅ܾ ൌͷ ʹܽ ൌ ͸ ܽൌ͵
൜ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ሺ‫ݒ‬௡ െ ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻ ൌ ͳ ܽെܾ ൌͳ ܽെܾ ൌͳ ܾൌʹ
ሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ൅ ʹሻ ൌ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͶĞሺ‫ݒ‬௡ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ ‫ݒ‬௡ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͷ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͕ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ Ͷ͘

WĄŐ͘Ϯϵ
೙ഏ
௡గ ଵ ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ ଵ
ϯϵ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ െͳ ൑ ቀ ቁ ൑ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ െ ൑ ଷ௡ାଶయ
൑ ͘
ଷ ଷ௡ାଶ ଷ௡ାଶ
ଵ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐ
ଷ௡ାଶ ଷ௡ାଶ
೙ഏ
ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ
ƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͕ƋƵĞ ଷ௡ାଶ
య
ൌ Ͳ͘
ଶ௡ାଵ ଶ ଵ ଶ ଶ௡ାଵ ଶ ଵ
ďͿĂĚŽƋƵĞ ൌ ൅ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕‫݊׊‬ ‫ א‬Գǡ ൑ ൑ ൅ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ହ௡ ହ ହ௡ ହ ହ௡ ହ ହ
ଶ ௡ ଶ௡ାଵ ௡ ଷ ௡
‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ቀ ቁ ൑ቀ ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ ͘
ହ ହ௡ ହ
ଶ ௡ ଷ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐ
ହ ହ
ଶ௡ାଵ ௡
ĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͕ƋƵĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ହ௡
ଶ௡ାଵ
ĐͿ^ĞũĂሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ͘
ଷ௡ିଵ଴
ଶ௡ାଵ ଶ
ଶଷȀଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ ൅ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ݊ ൒ Ͷ͕ሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞ‫ݑ‬௡ ൐ Ͳ͘
ଷ௡ିଵ଴ ଷ
ଷ௡ିଵ଴
ଶହ ଶ௡ାଵ ௡ ଶହ ௡
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ݑ‬ଵଶ ൌ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݊׊‬൒ ͳʹǡ Ͳ ൏ ቀ ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ ͘
ଶ଺ ଷ௡ିଵ଴ ଶ଺
ଶହ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐ
ଶ଺
ଶ௡ାଵ ௡
ĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͕ƋƵĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ହ௡
ଶ௡
ĚͿ^ĞũĂሺ‫ݓ‬௡ ሻĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ σ௡௜ୀ଴ ͘
௡మ ା௜
ଶ௡
‫ݓ‬௡ ĠĂƐŽŵĂĚĞ݊ ൅ ͳƉĂƌĐĞůĂƐ͕ĚĂƐƋƵĂŝƐĂŵĞŶŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݅ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌ͕݊ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕௡మ ା௡͕
ଶ ଶ௡ ଶ
ŽƋƵĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ௡ାଵ͕ĞĂŵĂŝŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݅ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌͲ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕௡మ ͕ŽƋƵĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ௡͘
ଶ ଶ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞሺ݊ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ ௡ାଵ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ሺ݊ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ ௡͘
ଶ௡ାଶ ଶ௡ାଶ ଶ௡ାଶ ଶ௡ାଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ Ğ ൌ ൌ ʹ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ
௡ାଵ ௡ ௡ାଵ ௡
‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ ʹ͘
య ఱ మ೙శభ
ĞͿ^ĞũĂሺ‫ݓ‬௡ ሻĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ ൫ξʹ െ ξʹ൯ ൈ ൫ξʹ െ ξʹ൯ ൈ ǥ ൈ ൫ξʹ െ ξʹ൯͘
య
‫ݓ‬௡ ĠŽƉƌŽĚƵƚŽĚĞ݊ĨĂƚŽƌĞƐ͕ƚŽĚŽƐŵĞŶŽƌĞƐĚŽƋƵĞͳ͕ĚŽƐƋƵĂŝƐŽŵĞŶŽƌĠξʹ െ ξʹĞŽŵĂŝŽƌĠ
మ೙శభ
ξʹ െ ξʹ͘
య ௡ మ೙శభ ௡
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ൫ξʹ െ ξʹ൯ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ൫ξʹ െ ξʹ൯ ͘
మ೙శభ మ೙శభ
KƌĂ͕‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ξʹ ൒ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ െ ξʹ ൑ െͳĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕
మ೙శభ
‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ξʹ െ ξʹ ൑ ξʹ െ ͳ͘
య ௡ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ൫ξʹ െ ξʹ൯ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ൫ξʹ െ ͳ൯ Ğ
య ௡ ௡
൫ξʹ െ ξʹ൯ ൌ ൫ξʹ െ ͳ൯ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ Ͳ͘


௫ మ ାଷ௫ ଶమ ା଺ ଵ଴
ϰϬ͘ĂͿ௫ืଶ ሺ௫ାଵሻమ ൌ ൌ
ଷమ ଽ
ďͿ௫ืିଵ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ ൌ ξͶ ൌ ʹ
௫ య ାଷ௫ ஶ
ĐͿ௫ืିஶ ଶ
ൌെ
ଶ
ൌ െλ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ĚͿ௫ืାஶ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ሺଷି௫ሻ ାஶൈሺିஶሻ ିஶ
௫ య ିଷ௫ ଵିଷ ିଶ
ĞͿ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ ൌ ൌ ൌ െλ
଴శ ଴శ
௫ାଵ ଷ
ĨͿ௫ืଶ ൌ ൌ λ
ଶି௫ ଴
ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŵŽƐŽƐůŝŵŝƚĞƐůĂƚĞƌĂŝƐ͗
௫ାଵ ଷ ௫ାଵ ଷ
௫ืଶష ൌ ൌ ൅λĞ௫ืଶశ ൌ ൌ െλ
ଶି௫ ଴శ ଶି௫ ଴ష
௫ାଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŽůŝŵŝƚĞ௫ืଶ ଶି௫͘
ଷ௫ ଺
ŐͿ௫ืଶష ସି௫మ ൌ ଴శ ൌ ൅λ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞ͗௫ืଶష ሺͶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳା

௫ାଷ ସ
ŚͿ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ ൌ ൌ λ
଴
ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŵŽƐŽƐůŝŵŝƚĞƐůĂƚĞƌĂŝƐ͗
௫ାଷ ସ ௫ାଷ ସ
௫ืଵష ሺ௫ିଵሻయ ൌ ൌ െλĞ௫ืଵశ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ ൌ ൌ ൅λ
଴ష ଴శ
௫ାଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŽůŝŵŝƚĞ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ͘

ಮ ಮ
మ ಮ ಮ
௫ ାଶ௫ ௫ మ ାଶ௫ ௫మ ଵ ଵ
ϰϭ͘ĂͿ௫ืାஶ ሺଶ௫ାଵሻమ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ฎ ௫ืାஶ ସ௫మ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ൌ
ସ௫ మ ାସ௫ାଵ ସ ସ
బ
మ బ
௫ ିଶ௫
ďͿ௫ืଶ ฎ
ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௫ య ି଼
ͳ Ͳ Ͳ െͺ

ʹ ʹ Ͷ ͺ
ͳ ʹ Ͷ Ͳ ൌ ܴ

௫ሺ௫ିଶሻ ௫ ଶ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืଶ ሺ௫ିଶሻሺ௫మ ൌ ௫ืଶ ௫ మ ାଶ௫ାସ ൌ ൌ
ାଶ௫ାସሻ ଵଶ ଺
బ బ
బ బ
మ
ξ௫ ିଷ௫ିଶ ൫ξ௫ మ ିଷ௫ିଶ൯൫ξ௫ మ ିଷ௫ାଶ൯ ௫ మ ିଷ௫ିସ
ĐͿ௫ืିଵ ൌ
ฎ
௫ืିଵ ൌ
௫ืିଵ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻ൫ξ௫ మ ିଷ௫ାଶ൯ ฎ
ൌ
௫ మ ିଵ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻ൫ξ௫ మ ିଷ௫ାଶ൯
ሺ௫ାଵሻሺ௫ିସሻ ௫ିସ ିହ ହ
ൌ ௫ืିଵ ൌ ௫ืିଵ ൌ ൌ
ሺ௫ାଵሻሺ௫ିଵሻ൫ξ௫ మ ିଷ௫ାଶ൯ ሺ௫ିଵሻ൫ξ௫ మ ିଷ௫ାଶ൯ ିଶൈସ ଼
ಮ
మ మ మ
మ
ξ௫ ିଶ௫
ಮ ට௫ మ ቀଵି ቁ ି௫ටଵି ିටଵି ିξଵି଴ ଵ
ೣ ೣ ೣ
ĚͿ௫ืିஶ ଶ௫
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ
ଶ௫
ൌ ௫ืିஶ
ଶ௫
ൌ ௫ืିஶ
ଶ
ൌ
ଶ
ൌെ
ଶ


ಮ
ஶିஶ ಮ
௫ మ ିଷ௫ ௫ మ ିଷ௫ି௫ మ ି௫ ିସ௫ ିସ௫
ĞͿ௫ืାஶ ቀ െ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ െͶ
௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ ௫
ಮ
ಮ
ห௫ మ ିଶ௫ห
ĨͿ௫ืିஶ ȁ௫ିଷȁൈ௫ ൌ ฎ ͮWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͲĞ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ൏ Ͳ
ಮ
ಮ
௫ మ ିଶ௫ ௫ మ ିଶ௫ ௫మ
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ሺି௫ାଷሻൈ௫ ൌ ௫ืିஶ మ ାଷ௫ ൌฎ ௫ืିஶ ି௫ మ ൌ െͳ
ି௫
బ
బ భ
ଶ௫ మ ି௫ିଵ ൫ଶ௫ మ ି௫ିଵ൯൫ξ௫ାξଶ௫ିଵ൯ ଶሺ௫ିଵሻቀ௫ା ቁ൫ξ௫ାξଶ௫ିଵ൯
ŐͿ௫ืଵ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืଵ ൌ ௫ืଵ మ
ൌ
ξ௫ିξ ଶ௫ିଵ ൫ξ௫ିξଶ௫ିଵ൯൫ξ௫ାξଶ௫ିଵ൯ ௫ିሺଶ௫ିଵሻ
భ
ଶሺ௫ିଵሻቀ௫ା ቁ൫ξ௫ାξଶ௫ିଵ൯ ଵ ଷ
మ
ൌ ௫ืଵ ൌ ௫ืଵ ቂെʹ ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൫ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ξʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ൯ቃ ൌ െʹ ൈ ൈ ʹ ൌ െ͸
ିሺ௫ିଵሻ ଶ ଶ
ŚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗ ȁ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ȁ ൌ ቄെሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ͵

‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
బ
మ బ
௫ ାଷ௫ ௫ሺ௫ାଷሻ
௫ืିଷష ȁ௫ାଷȁ
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିଷష ିሺ௫ାଷሻ ൌ ௫ืିଷష െ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵Ğ
బ
మ బ
௫ ାଷ௫ ௫ሺ௫ାଷሻ ௫ మ ାଷ௫
௫ืିଷశ ȁ௫ାଷȁ
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିଷశ ௫ାଷ
ൌ ௫ืିଷశ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŽůŝŵŝƚĞ௫ืିଷ ȁ௫ାଷȁ
͘

ಮ
భ భ
మ ಮ ට௫ మ ቀଵା మቁିξଶ ି௫ටଵା మ ିξଶ
ξ௫ ାଵିξଶ ೣ ೣ
ϰϮ͘ĂͿ௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
௫ିଵ ௫ିଵ ௫ିଵ
భ ξమ
ିටଵା మ ି
ೣ ೣ ିξଵା଴ି଴
ൌ ௫ืିஶ భ ൌ ൌ െͳ
ଵି ଵି଴
ೣ
௫గ
ďͿEĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŽůŝŵŝƚĞ௫ืାஶ
ସ
బ
బ
మ
ξ௫ ାଵିξଶ ൫ξ௫ మ ାଵିξଶ൯൫ξ௫ మ ାଵାξଶ൯ ௫ మ ାଵିଶ
ĐͿ௫ืଵష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵష ൌ
ฎ ௫ืଵష ൌ ௫ืଵష ൌ
௫ିଵ ሺ௫ିଵሻ൫ξ௫ మ ାଵାξଶ൯ ሺ௫ିଵሻ൫ξ௫ మ ାଵାξଶ൯
ሺ௫ିଵሻሺ௫ାଵሻ ௫ାଵ ଶ ଵ ξଶ
ൌ ௫ืଵష ൌ ௫ืଵష ൌ ൌ ൌ
ሺ௫ିଵሻ൫ξ௫ మ ାଵାξଶ൯ ξ௫ మ ାଵାξଶ ଶξଶ ξଶ ଶ
௫గ గ ξଶ
௫ืଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵశ ൌ ൌ ଶ
ସ ସ
ξଶ ξଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ௫ืଵష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ௫ืଵ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ଶ ଶ

ϰϯ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ Ͳ ൑ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ͵ ൑ ͵ ൅ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͶĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ͵ ൅ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͘
ଷ௫ మ ସ௫ మ ௫ మ ൫ଷାୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͷͲ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ௫ାହ଴ ൑ ௫ାହ଴
൑ ௫ାହ଴͘
௫ మ ൫ଷାୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯ ଷ௫ మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͷͲ͕ƐĞƚĞŵ ௫ାହ଴ ൒ ௫ାହ଴Ğ
ଷ௫ మ ଷ௫ మ
௫՜ାஶ ௫ାହ଴ ൌ ௫՜ାஶ ௫ ൌ ௫՜ାஶ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ
௫ మ ൫ଷାୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯
௫՜ାஶ ௫ାହ଴
ൌ ൅λ͘


ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ Ͳ ൑ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ͵ ൅ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ସ௫ మ ௫ మ ൫ଷାୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯ ଷ௫ మ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ െͷͲ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ൑ ൑ ௫ାହ଴͘
௫ାହ଴ ௫ାହ଴
௫ మ ൫ଷାୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯ ଷ௫ మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽĐŽŵŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ െͷͲ͕ƐĞƚĞŵ ௫ାହ଴
൑ ௫ାହ଴Ğ
ଷ௫ మ ଷ௫ మ
௫՜ିஶ ௫ାହ଴ ൌ ௫՜ିஶ ൌ ௫՜ିஶ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െλ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ
௫
௫ మ ൫ଷାୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯
௫՜ିஶ ௫ାହ଴
ൌ െλ͘
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ െͳ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ െͳ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬Ğ͕
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ൑ ൑ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ଶ ଵିଶ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିଶ௫ ିଵିଶ௫
ଷ௫ మ ଷ௫ మ ଷ௫ మ
൑ ൑ ͘
ଵିଶ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିଶ௫ ିଵିଶ௫
ଵ ଷ௫ మ ଷ௫ మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͕ƐĞƚĞŵୱୣ୬ ௫ିଶ௫ ൑ ିଵିଶ௫Ğ
ଶ
ଷ௫ మ ଷ௫ మ ଷ௫
௫՜ାஶ ିଵିଶ௫ ൌ ௫՜ାஶ ିଶ௫ ൌ ௫՜ାஶ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െλ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ
ଶ
ଷ௫ మ
௫՜ାஶ ൌ െλ͘
ୱୣ୬ ௫ିଶ௫

ϰϰ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௫ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ௫
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թା ǡ െ‫ ݔ‬൑ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬൑ ‫͕ݔ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թା ǡ െ ൑ ൑ ͘
௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ
௫ ௫ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ௫՜ାஶ െ ൌ ௫՜ାஶ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ௫՜ାஶ ൌ Ͳ͘
௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ െͳ ൑ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൑ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕
ଷ௫ మ ିଵ
ଷ௫ మ ିୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ଷ௫ మ ାଵ
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ൑ ൑ ͘
௫ మ ାହ మ
௫ ାହ ௫ మ ାହ
ଷ௫ మ ିଵ ଷ௫ మ ାଵ ଷ௫ మ ିୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ௫՜ିஶ మ ାହ ൌ ௫՜ିஶ మ ାହ ൌ ͵͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ௫՜ିஶ ௫ మ ାହ
ൌ ͵͘
௫ ௫
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ െͳ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൑ ͳ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൑ ‫͘ݔ‬ ;ϭͿ
භ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ െͳ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൑ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൑ ͳ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൑ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൑ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵͘ ;ϮͿ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ͕ƚŽĚŽƐŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚĂƐĞǆƉƌĞƐƐƁĞƐ;ϭͿĞ;ϮͿƐĆŽƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
‫א ݔ׊‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾǡ ൑ ൑ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
ଶ௫ାଷ ଶ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଶ ଶ௫ାଵ
௫ିଶ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ିଵ ௫
‫א ݔ׊‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾǡ ଶ௫ାଷ ൑ ଶ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଶ ൑ ଶ௫ାଵ͘
௫ିଶ ௫ ଵ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ିଵ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ௫՜ାஶ ଶ௫ାଷ ൌ ௫՜ାஶ ଶ௫ାଵ ൌ ଶ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ௫՜ାஶ ଶ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଶ ൌ ଶ͘

௫ మ ା௫ିଶ ௫ మ ାଶ௫ିଵ ௙ሺ௫ሻ
ϰϱ͘ŽŵŽ௫՜ିଵశ ௫ାଶ ൌ ௫՜ିଵశ ௫ାଶ
ൌ െʹ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ௫՜ିଵశ ௫ మ ାଵ ൌ െʹĞ͕
ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕௫՜ିଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͶ͘


ϰϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
బ
మ బ
ଶ௫ ିଷ௫ିଶ
භ௫ืଶశ ฎ
ൌ ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͘
௫ିଶ
ʹ െ͵ െʹ

ʹ Ͷ ʹ
ʹ ͳ Ͳ ൌ ܴ
ሺଶ௫ାଵሻሺ௫ିଶሻ
ൌ ௫ืଶశ ௫ିଶ
ൌ ௫ืଶశ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ ͷ
బ
బ
ଷ௫ మ ି଻௫ାଶ
භ௫ืଶశ ฎ
ൌ ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͘
௫ିଶ
͵ െ͹ ʹ

ʹ ͸ െʹ
͵ െͳ Ͳ ൌ ܴ
ሺଷ௫ିଵሻሺ௫ିଶሻ
ൌ ௫ืଶశ ௫ିଶ
ൌ ௫ืଶశ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ ͷ
ଶ௫ మ ିଷ௫ିଶ ଷ௫ మ ି଻௫ାଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ௫՜ଶశ ௫ିଶ ൌ ௫՜ଶశ ௫ିଶ ൌ ͷ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ௫՜ଶశ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͷ͘

ϰϳ͘WĂƌĂŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƌĞƐƚĂĂƐƐĞŐƵƌĂƌƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ͗
݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
௫ืଶ ௫ืଶ
KƌĂ͕
භ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹ݇ ଶ െ Ͷ
භ௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ሺ݇ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷሻ ൌ ʹ݇ ଶ െ Ͷ
బ
బ
ସି௫ మ ሺଶି௫ሻሺଶା௫ሻ ିሺଶା௫ሻ ିସ
භ௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืଶశ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ൌ ൌ െʹ
௫ మ ିଶ௫ ௫ሺ௫ିଶሻ ௫ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ݂͗ሺʹሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ʹ݇ ଶ െ Ͷ ൌ െʹ ฻ ݇ ଶ ൌ ͳ ฻ ݇ ൌ െͳ ‫ ݇ ש‬ൌ ͳ

ϰϴ͘

WĄŐ͘ϯϬ
ϰϵ͘;Ϳ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĨĞĐŚĂĚŽĚĞŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƌĞĂŝƐ͘
භ݃ሺെ͵ሻ ൌ ሺെ͵ሻଷ ൅ ሺെ͵ሻ െ ͳ ൌ െ͵ͳ ൏ െͺ
භ݃ሺെʹሻ ൌ ሺെʹሻଷ ൅ ሺെʹሻ െ ͳ ൌ െͳͳ ൏ െͺ
භ݃ሺെͳሻ ൌ ሺെͳሻଷ ൅ ሺെͳሻ െ ͳ ൌ െ͵ ൐ െͺ
භ݃ሺͲሻ ൌ െͳ ൐ െͺ
භ݃ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳଷ ൅ ͳ െ ͳ ൌ ͳ ൐ െͺ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſŶĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵെͺƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĨĞĐŚĂĚŽĐƵũŽƐĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƐĆŽĂƐ
ŝŵĂŐĞŶƐĚŽƐĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽŶĞƐƐĂŽƉĕĆŽ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ƐſŶĞƐƐĂŽƉĕĆŽĠƋƵĞŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞ
ŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌ͕ŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĚĂĚŽ͕ƵŵĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͺ͘

ϱϬ͘;Ϳ
ŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĚĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾെʹǡ ʹሿ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͗
݃ሺെʹሻ ൌ െʹ ൅ ݂ሺെʹሻ ൌ െʹ ൅ ͳ ൌ െͳ ൏ Ͳ
݃ሺʹሻ ൌ െʹ ൅ ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ െʹ ൅ ͵ ൌ ͳ ൐ Ͳ
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͗
݃ሺെʹሻ ൌ െʹ െ ݂ሺെʹሻ ൌ െʹ െ ͳ ൌ െ͵ ൏ Ͳ
݃ሺʹሻ ൌ െʹ െ ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ െʹ െ ͵ ൌ െͷ ൏ Ͳ
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͗
݃ሺെʹሻ ൌ ሺെʹሻଶ ൅ ݂ሺെʹሻ ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͷ ൐ Ͳ
݃ሺʹሻ ൌ ሺെʹሻଶ ൅ ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͵ ൌ ͹ ൐ Ͳ
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͗
݃ሺെʹሻ ൌ ሺെʹሻଶ െ ݂ሺെʹሻ ൌ Ͷ െ ͳ ൌ ͵ ൐ Ͳ
݃ሺʹሻ ൌ ሺെʹሻଶ െ ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ Ͷ െ ͵ ൌ ͳ ൐ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſŶĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵͲƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĨĞĐŚĂĚŽĐƵũŽƐĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƐĆŽ݂ሺെʹሻ
Ğ݂ሺʹሻ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ƐſŶĞƐƐĂŽƉĕĆŽĠƋƵĞŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌĂĞǆŝƐƚġŶĐŝĂĚĞƵŵ
ǌĞƌŽŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿ െ ʹǡ ʹሾ͘

ϱϭ͘ ^ĞũĂ g Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂ ƉŽƌ g ( x) = f ( x) − x − 1 ͘ ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ f ( x) = x + 1 Ġ ĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚĞ ă
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ g ( x) = 0 ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ g (1) = f (1) − 1 − 1 = −1 Ğ g (2) = f (2) − 2 − 1 = 2 ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [1, 2]
ĞƋƵĞ g (1) < 0 < g (2) ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∃x ∈ ]1, 2[ : g ( x) = 0 ͘

ϱϮ͘YƵĂůƋƵĞƌƋƵĞƐĞũĂŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾെͳǡ ݇ሿ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ݂ሺെͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺ݇ሻ ൏ Ͳ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ ሺെͳሻଷ െ ͵ ൈ ሺെͳሻ ൅ ݇ ൌ ݇ ൅ ʹ
භ݂ሺ݇ሻ ൌ ݇ ଷ െ ͵݇ ൅ ݇ ൌ ݇ ଷ െ ʹ݇
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺെͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺ݇ሻ ൌ ሺ݇ ൅ ʹሻሺ݇ ଷ െ ʹ݇ሻ ൌ ݇ሺ݇ ൅ ʹሻሺ݇ ଶ െ ʹሻ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐ͗
െλ െʹ െξʹ Ͳ ξʹ ൅λ
݇ െ െ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅
݇ ൅ ʹ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ െ െ Ͳ
݇ െ ʹ
݂ሺെͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺ݇ሻ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺെͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺ݇ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ݇ ‫א‬ሿ െ ʹǡ െξʹሾ‫׫‬ሿͲǡ ξʹሾ͘


ϱϯ͘

ϱϰ͘

ϱϱ͘

ϱϲ͘


ϱϳ͘

ϱϴ͘

ϱϵ͘


Ϯ͘ĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐƌĞĂŝƐĚĞǀĂƌŝĄǀĞůƌĞĂůĞĂƉůŝĐĂĕƁĞƐ

WĄŐ͘ϯϭ

ϲϬ͘ĂͿ‫ܤ͕ܣ‬Ğ‫ܥ‬ƐĆŽƚƌġƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĂŝƐƋƵĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞ‫ܣ‬ĠŵĞŶŽƌĚŽƋƵĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞ
ହିଷ ଻ିହ
‫ܤ‬ĞĞƐƚĂĠŵĞŶŽƌĚŽƋƵĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞ‫ܥ‬ĞƚĂŝƐƋƵĞ݉஺஻ ൌ ൌ ʹĞ݉஻஼ ൌ ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ
ଷିଶ ହିଷ
݉஺஻ ൐ ݉஻஼ ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ŶĆŽƉŽĚĞƚĞƌĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ͘
ďͿEĆŽ͘WĂƌĂƚĂůĠŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞ݉஺஻ ൏ ݉஻஼ ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܥ‬ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĐƵũĂ

ĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĞũĂŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞ‫ܣ‬ĞŵĞŶŽƌĚŽƋƵĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞ‫͘ܤ‬

WĄŐ͘ϯϮ
భ
ξଶିమ ଵ ଵ
ϲϭ͘ĂͿ݉ ൌ భ ൌ െͳ͖‫ ݕ‬െ ξʹ ൌ െͳ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬൅ ξʹ ൅
ିξଶ ଶ ଶ
మ
ďͿ

ϲϮ͘ĂͿZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽʹ͘
ďͿZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽെͳ͘

WĄŐ͘ϯϯ
ϲϯ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ݂ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳଶ െ Ͷ ൅ ͳ ൌ െʹ͖‫ ݕ‬െ ሺെʹሻ ൌ െʹሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ െ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െʹ‫ݔ‬

WĄŐ͘ϯϲ
ϲϰ͘භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͳሻƲ ൌ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ

݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻƲ ൌ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳͺ‫ݔ‬
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳʹ െ ͳͺ ൌ െ͸


භ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଷ ሿƲ ൌ ͵ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͵ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൈ ʹ ൌ ͸ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ͸ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ሿƲ ൌ ͸ ൈ ʹሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻƲ ൌ ͸ ൈ ʹሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൈ ʹ ൌ Ͷͺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͶ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͷͺ െ ʹͶ ൌ ʹͶ
ଶ௫ ᇱ ሺଶ௫ሻᇲ ሺ௫ାଵሻିଶ௫ሺ௫ାଵሻᇲ ଶሺ௫ାଵሻିଶ௫ ଶ
භ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻమ
௫ାଵ
ᇲ
ଶ ଶᇲ ሺ௫ାଵሻమ ିଶൣሺ௫ାଵሻమ ൧ ିଶൣଶሺ௫ାଵሻሺ௫ାଵሻᇲ ൧ ିସሺ௫ାଵሻ ିସ
݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ௫ାଵሻమ ቁ Ʋ ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻయ
ିସ ସ ଵ
݄ᇱᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ሺଵାଵሻయ ൌ െ ൌ െ
଼ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϯϳ
ϲϱ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͳሻƲ ൌ ͸ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ൫ξʹ൯ ൌ ͸ െ ͵ ൈ ʹ ൌ Ͳ

݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͸ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻƲ ൌ െ͸‫͖ݔ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱᇱ ൫ξʹ൯ ൌ െ͸ξʹ ൏ Ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ݂ ᇱ ൫ξʹ൯ ൌ ͲĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ൫ξʹ൯ ൏ Ͳ͕݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵξʹ͘

ϲϲ͘WĂƌĂܽ ൌ Ͳ͗
ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ͕ĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ŶĆŽĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽŶŽƉŽŶƚŽെ ;ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃
ଷ
ĠƵŵĂƉĂƌĄďŽůĂĚĞĞŝǆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĞĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞĐƵũŽǀĠƌƚŝĐĞĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞ
ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ʹሻͿ͘
WĂƌĂܽ ് Ͳ͗
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹሻƲ ൌ ͵ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬
ଶ
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ͵ܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ
ଷ௔
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŶŽƉŽŶƚŽെ ƐĞĞƐſƐĞܽ ൌ ͳ͘
ଷ
sĞũĂŵŽƐ͕ŶĞƐƐĞĐĂƐŽ͕ƐĞŽĞǆƚƌĞŵŽĠƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽŽƵƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽ͘
WĂƌĂܽ ൌ ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫͘ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
ŶƚĆŽ͕݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݃ᇱᇱ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ͸ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൅ ʹ ൌ െͶ ൅ ʹ ൌ െʹ ൏ Ͳ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉĂƌĂܽ ൌ ͳ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŶŽƉŽŶƚŽെ ͘
ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌǀĂůŽƌƌĞĂůĚĞܽƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĂƚŝŶũĂƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŶŽ
ଶ
ƉŽŶƚŽെ ଷ͘

WĄŐ͘ϯϴ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞŵŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂ
ϭ͘^ĞũĂŵ݉஺ ͕݉஻ Ğ݉஼ ŽƐĚĞĐůŝǀĞƐĚĂƐƌĞƚĂƐƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞƐ͕ƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ŶŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐ‫ܤ͕ܣ‬Ğ‫͘ܥ‬

'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ/ืĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃
'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ//ืĨƵŶĕĆŽ݆
'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ///ืĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂
'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ/sืĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄
:ƵƐƚŝĨŝĐĂĕĆŽ͗
'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ/͗ƚĞŵͲƐĞͲ ൏ ݉஺ ൏ ݉஻ ൏ ݉஼ ͕ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƐſĠǀĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĚĂƉĞůĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃͘
'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ//͗ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݉஺ ൐ ݉஻ ൐ ݉஼ ൐ Ͳ͕ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƐſĠǀĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĚĂƉĞůĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݆͘
'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ///͗ƚĞŵͲƐĞͲ ൐ ݉஺ ൐ ݉஻ ൐ ݉஼ ͕ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƐſĠǀĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĚĂƉĞůĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂͘
'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ/s͗ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݉஺ ൏ ݉஻ ൏ ݉஼ ൏ Ͳ͕ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƐſĠǀĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĚĂƉĞůĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄͘

Ϯ͘ĂͿ;͙ͿĐŝŵĂ;͙ͿĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƐͬĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƐďͿ;͙Ϳ//Ğ///;͙ͿĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƐͬĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƐ

^ŝŵ͕ĂƐĐŽŶũĞƚƵƌĂƐƐĆŽĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞŝƐĐŽŵŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϯϵ
ϲϳ͘WĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĞũĂĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞďĂƐƚĂŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĞũĂŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͕ŽƵ
ƐĞũĂ͕ƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŶŚĂĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽ͘WŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗

WĄŐ͘ϰϬ
ᇱ
௫ర ௫య ସ ଷ ଵ ଷ
ϲϴ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ െ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳቁ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬
ଵଶ ଶ ଵଶ ଶ ଷ ଶ
ଵ ଷ ଶ ᇱ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬െଷ
‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵‫ݔ‬ ൅ ʹ
ଷ ଶ
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଶ
݂ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ
dĞŵͲƐĞŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ͗
െλ ͳ ʹ ൅λ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͳሿĞĞŵሾʹǡ ൅λሾ͘

WĄŐ͘ϰϭ
ଵ
ϲϵ͘dĞŵĚĞƐĞƚĞƌ݃ᇱᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ଶ
ᇱ
௫మ ଵ
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ݇‫ ݔ‬ହ െ ସ
൅ ͳቁ ൌ ͷ݇‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ
ଵ ᇱ ଵ
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ସ ଷ
݃ ൌ ቀͷ݇‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ʹͲ݇‫ ݔ‬െ
ଶ ଶ
ᇱᇱ ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ ଶ଴ ଵ ଵ
݃ ቀଶቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹͲ݇ ቀଶቁ െ ଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଼ ݇ ൌ ฻ ݇ ൌ
ଶ ହ

WĄŐ͘ϰϮ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍hŵĂǀŝĂŐĞŵĚĞĂƵƚŽŵſǀĞů
KdŝĂŐŽĞƐƚĄĂƉĞĚŝƌĂŽƉĂŝƉĂƌĂĂƵŵĞŶƚĂƌĂǀĞůŽĐŝĚĂĚĞĚŽĂƵƚŽŵſǀĞů͘


WĄŐ͘ϰϯ
ϳϬ͘‫ݒ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͲȀ ൌ ͲȀ

ଵ଴଴଴଴଴
‫ݒ‬ሺʹǡͶ͸ሻ ൌ ͳͲͲȀ ൌ ͳͲͲͲͲͲȀ ൌ Ȁ ൎ ʹ͹ǡ͹͹Ȁ
ଷ଺଴଴
ଶ଻ǡ଻଻୫Ȁୱି଴୫Ȁୱ ଶ଻ǡ଻଻
ĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽŵĠĚŝĂĞŵሾͲǢ ʹǡͶ͸ሿ ൌ ൌ Ȁ ଶ ൎ ͳͳǡ͵Ȁଶ
ଶǡସ଺ୱ ଶǡସ଺

௩ሺ଴ǡ଴ଵሻି௩ሺ଴ሻ ௩ሺ଴ǡ଴ଵሻିଵ଴଴଴
ϳϭ͘ ൌ͵฻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ‫ݒ‬ሺͲǡͲͳሻ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ ͲǡͲ͵ ฻ ‫ݒ‬ሺͲǡͲͳሻ ൌ ͳͲͲͲǡͲ͵Ȁ
଴ǡ଴ଵି଴ ଴ǡ଴ଵ

ϳϮ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݏ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ ൅ ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ͷ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ൌ ͵ ൅ ͳͲ‫ݐ‬Ğ‫ ݏ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵ ൅ ͳͲ‫ݐ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͳͲ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ ݏ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͲ͕ĂĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŵŽǀŝŵĞŶƚŽƐĞĚŝǌͨƵŶŝĨŽƌŵĞŵĞŶƚĞ
ǀĂƌŝĂĚŽͩ͘

WĄŐ͘ϰϲ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍EĞŵƚƵĚŽŽƋƵĞƉĂƌĞĐĞĠ͊
௫మ
ZĞůĂƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞăĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌܽሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ିଵ͗
ƔŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽŶĆŽĠԹ͕ŵĂƐ͕Ɛŝŵ͕Թ̳ሼͳሽ͘
ƔĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͖ďĂƐƚĂŶŽƚĂƌƋƵĞെͳ ‫ܦ א‬௔ ͕ŵĂƐͳ ‫ܦ ב‬௔ ͘
ƔĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͖ďĂƐƚĂŶŽƚĂƌĚĞƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ĚĞܽĞƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ௫ืଵష ܽሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െλ͘

ZĞůĂƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞăĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌܾଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺെͶͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ͗
ƔŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞܾଶ ƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŽďƚŝĚŽĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞܾଵ ƉŽƌŵĞŝŽĚĞƵŵĂƌĞĨůĞǆĆŽĚĞĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݕ‬
ଵ
ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĐŽŵƵŵĂĐŽŶƚƌĂĕĆŽŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĚĞĐŽĞĨŝĐŝĞŶƚĞ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĚĞܾଶ ĠĂ
ସ଴
ƋƵĂĚƌĂŐĠƐŝŵĂƉĂƌƚĞĚŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĚĞܾଵ ͘

ZĞůĂƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞăĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌܿሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͶͲ͗
ƔŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞܿĠĂƌĞƚĂĐƵũĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͶͲ͕ƋƵĞŶĆŽĠƵŵĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƌĂůĞůĂĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݔ‬
Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽܿŶĆŽĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͘

ZĞůĂƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞăĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݀ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͳͲ‫ ݔ‬ଶ͗
ƔĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݀ŶĆŽĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĂĚƌĄƚŝĐĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽĠƵŵĂƉĂƌĄďŽůĂ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݀
ŶĆŽĠƉĂƌƉŽƌƋƵĞŶĆŽƐĞƚĞŵ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕݀ሺെͳሻ ൌ ݀ሺͳሻ͘

EĆŽ͖ĐŽŵŽƐĞǀŝƵ͕ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽŶĐůƵƐƁĞƐƐƵŐĞƌŝĚĂƐĠĐŽƌƌĞƚĂ͘


ϳϯ͘ƉƌŽǀĄǀĞůƋƵĞƐĞĞƐƚĞũĂĂƵƚŝůŝǌĂƌƵŵƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůŶĆŽŵŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐŽĐŽŵŽ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗
y
9
1
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1
−2
−3
−4

ϳϰ͘

WĄŐ͘ϰϴ
ϳϱ͘භŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͕ƉŽŝƐ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ് Ͳ
භWŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĐŽŵŽƐĞŝǆŽƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚŽƐ
଴
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂĂŵďŽƐŽƐĞŝǆŽƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ Ͳሻ͘
଴ାଵ
භ/ŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽƐĚĞŵŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ ௫ ᇲ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ି௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ௫ మ ାଵିଶ௫ మ ି௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ௫ మ ାଵቁ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ మ మ ൌ ሺ௫ మ మ
ାଵሻ ାଵሻ
ି௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሿĞĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾെͳǡͳሿ͘
ଵ ଵ
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂെ ଶĞŵെͳĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂଶĞŵͳ͘


භWŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞƐĞŶƚŝĚŽĚĂƐĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ మ
ଵି௫ మ ൫ଵି௫ మ ൯ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫ଵି௫ మ ൯ቂ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ቃ ିଶ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫ଵି௫ మ ൯ሾଶ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ଶ௫ሿ
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
݂ ൌ ቀሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻర
ൌ
మ
ିଶ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫ଵି௫ మ ൯ସ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ିଶ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ି൫ଵି௫ మ ൯ସ௫ ିଶ௫ య ିଶ௫ିସ௫ାସ௫ య ଶ௫ య ି଺௫
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻయ
ൌ ሺ௫మ ାଵሻయ
ଶ௫ య ି଺௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ് Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ାଵሻయ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ξ͵

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ െξ͵ሿĞĞŵൣͲǡ ξ͵൧ĞƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሾെξ͵ǡ ͲሿĞĞŵሾξ͵ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ξଷ ξଷ
KƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĆŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀെξ͵ǡ െ ସ ቁ͕ሺͲǡͲሻĞቀξ͵ǡ ସ ቁ͘
භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĚŽŵşŶŝŽԹĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
௫ ௫ ଵ
௫ืേஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืേஶ మ ൌ ௫ืേஶ మ ൌ ௫ืേஶ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ାଵ ௫ ௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĞŵെλĞĞŵ൅λ
භƐďŽĕŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
y
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4


WĄŐ͘ϱϭ
ϳϲ͘භŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ʹ ׷‬െ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ‬ሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼʹሽ
଴ି଴
ଶି଴
௫ మ ି௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĂŵďĠŵŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂ
ଶି௫
ŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͳǡ Ͳሻ͘
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ మ ି௫ ൫௫ మ ି௫൯ ሺଶି௫ሻି൫௫ మ ି௫൯ሺଶି௫ሻᇲ ሺଶ௫ିଵሻሺଶି௫ሻି൫௫ మ ି௫൯ሺିଵሻ ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ଶି௫ ቁ ൌ ሺଶି௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଶି௫ሻమ

ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶି௫ሻమ
ଶ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬െ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ‬฻ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ʹ െ ξʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ξʹ

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹ െ ξʹሿĞĞŵሾʹ ൅ ξʹǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾʹ െ ξʹǡ ʹሾĞĞŵ
ሿʹǡʹ ൅ ξʹሿ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂʹξʹ െ ͵Ğŵʹ െ ξʹĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂ
െʹξʹ െ ͵Ğŵʹ ൅ ξʹ͘
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ ൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ൯ ሺଶି௫ሻమ ି൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ൯ൣሺଶି௫ሻమ ൧
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ሺଶି௫ሻమ
ቁ ൌ ሺଶି௫ሻర
ൌ
ሺିଶ௫ାସሻሺଶି௫ሻమ ି൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ൯ሾିଶሺଶି௫ሻሿ ሺିଶ௫ାସሻሺଶି௫ሻమ ାଶ൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ൯ሺଶି௫ሻ
ൌ ሺଶି௫ሻర
ൌ
ሺିଶ௫ାସሻሺଶି௫ሻାଶ൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଶ൯ ିସ௫ାଶ௫ మ ା଼ିସ௫ିଶ௫ మ ା଼௫ିସ ସ
ൌ ሺଶି௫ሻయ
ସ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶି௫ሻయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬െ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ‬฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺʹ ଷ
݂ ൏ Ͳ ฻ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻଷ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿʹǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹሾ͘
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐſĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
௫ మ ି௫ ଶ ௫ మ ି௫ ଶ
௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ൌ శ ൌ ൅λĞ௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ൌ ൌ െλ
ଶି௫ ଴ ଶି௫ ଴ష
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů͘
ಮ
ೣమ షೣ ಮ
௙ሺ௫ሻ మ
௫ ି௫ ௫మ
௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ మషೣ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ି௫ మ ൌ െͳ
௫ ௫ ଶ௫ି௫ మ

௫ మ ି௫ ௫ మ ି௫ାଶ௫ି௫ మ
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺെͳሻ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ଶି௫ ଶି௫
ಮ
ಮ
௫ ௫
௫ืାஶ ଶି௫ ൌ ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ െͳ
ି௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘
ĞŵŽĚŽĂŶĄůŽŐŽƐĞƉƌŽǀĂƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘

WĄŐ͘ϱϯ
ϳϳ͘භŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͕ƉŽŝƐ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ൐ Ͳ͘
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵ െ ξͲଶ ൅ Ͷ ൌ ͵ െ ʹ ൌ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞ
ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ͳሻ͘
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ൌ ͵ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ൌ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െξͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െξͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŶŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ൫െξͷǡ Ͳ൯Ğ൫ξͷǡ Ͳ൯͘
ᇲ
ᇱ ᇱ ൫௫ మ ାସ൯ ଶ௫ ି௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫͵ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ൯ ൌ ൫െξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ൯ ൌ െ ൌെ ൌ
ଶξ௫ మ ାସ ଶξ௫ మ ାସ ξ௫ మ ାସ
ି௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ξ௫ మ ାସ
ି௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞ͗ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ൐ Ͳǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙
ξ௫ మ ାସ
ି௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ξ௫ మ ାସ
݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͕ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ Ͳሿ͕ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽŝŐƵĂůĂͳĞŵͲ
ĞŶĆŽƚĞŵŵşŶŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘
ೣ
ᇱ ᇲ ିξ௫ మ ାସା௫
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ି௫ ሺି௫ሻᇲ ξ௫ మ ାସିሺି௫ሻ൫ξ௫ మ ାସ൯ ඥೣమ శర ିସ
݂ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ మ ൌ ൌ
ξ௫ మ ାସ ൫ξ௫ మ ାସ൯ ௫ మ ାସ ሺ௫ మ ାସሻξ௫ మ ାସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĚŽŵşŶŝŽԹĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ


ಮ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ͵ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ಮ ͵ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ͵ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ
ൌ ൌ
ฎ ቆ െ ቇ ൌ
௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ௫ืାஶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ଷ ସ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቆ െ ටͳ ൅ ቇ ൌͲ െ ξͳ ൅ Ͳ ൌ െͳ
ξ௫ మ ௫మ
ିஶାஶ
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺെͳሻ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൣ͵ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ൅ ‫ݔ‬൧ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶൣ͵ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ൧ ൌ
మ
൫ଷା௫ିξ௫ మ ାସ൯൫ଷା௫ାξ௫ మ ାସ൯ ሺଷା௫ሻమ ି൫ξ௫ మ ାସ൯ ଽା଺௫ା௫ మ ି௫ మ ିସ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ଷା௫ାξ௫ మ ାସ ଷା௫ାξ௫ మ ାସ ଷା௫ାξ௫ మ ାସ
ಮ
ಮ ఱ
଺௫ାହ ଺௫ାହ ଺ା ଺ା଴
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ฎ ௫ืାஶ
ൌ ൌ ௫ืାஶ య ೣ
ൌ ൌ ͵
ଷା௫ାξ௫ మ ାସ ర
ଷା௫ା௫ටଵା మ
ర
ାଵାටଵା మ
଴ାଵାξଵା଴
ೣ ೣ ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘
ĞŵŽĚŽĂŶĄůŽŐŽƐĞƉƌŽǀĂƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘

WĄŐ͘ϱϱ
ି௫ାଶ
ȁ௫ିଶȁ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ ‫് ݔ ר‬ Ͳ
ϳϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ଶ௫
ൌ ቐ ଶ௫ ௫ିଶ
‫ ݔ‬൒ ʹ
ଶ௫
භŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫Ͳ ് ݔʹ ׷‬ሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͘
ȁ௫ିଶȁ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹȁ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ
ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺʹǡ Ͳሻ͘
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ ‫͗Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬
ି௫ାଶ ᇱ ଵ ଵ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀെ ൅ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ మ
ଶ௫ ଶ ௫ ௫ ௫
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ͗
௫ିଶ ᇱ ଵ ଵ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ െ ቁ ൌ ቀെ ቁ ൌ మ
ଶ௫ ଶ ௫ ௫ ௫
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ͗
షೣశమ
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺଶሻ ି଴ ିሺ௫ିଶሻ ିଵ ଵ
௫ืଶష ௫ିଶ
ൌ ௫ืଶష మೣ
௫ିଶ
ൌ ௫ืଶష ଶ௫ሺ௫ିଶሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ൌ െ
ଶ௫ ସ


ೣషమ
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺଶሻ ି଴ ௫ିଶ ଵ ଵ
௫ืଶశ ௫ିଶ
ൌ ௫ืଶశ మೣ
௫ିଶ
ൌ ௫ืଶష ൌ ௫ืଶష ൌ
ଶ௫ሺ௫ିଶሻ ଶ௫ ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĄǀĞůŶŽƉŽŶƚŽʹ͘
ŽŶĐůƵŝŶĚŽ͗
ଵ
െ ‫ݔ‬ ൏ʹ‫Ͳ് ݔר‬
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ௫మ
݂ ൌቐଵ
‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ
௫మ
ŽŵŽ͕‫א ݔ׊‬ሿ െ λǡ ʹሾ̳ሼͲሽǡ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ ͲĞ‫א ݔ׊‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾǡ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠ
ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͲሾĞĞŵሿͲǡ ʹሾĞƋƵĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽŝŐƵĂůĂͲĞŵʹ͘
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ ‫͗Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬
ᇲ
ଵ ᇱ ି൫௫ మ ൯ ଶ௫ ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀെ మ ቁ ൌ െ ൌ ൌ
௫ ௫ర ௫ర ௫య
ᇲ
ଵ ᇱ ି൫௫ మ ൯ ଶ௫ ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ మ ቁ ൌ ௫ర
ൌെ ൌെ
௫ ௫ర ௫య
ŽŶĐůƵŝŶĚŽ͗
ଶ
‫ݔ‬ ൏ʹ‫Ͳ് ݔר‬
௫య
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቐ ଶ
െ య ‫ݔ‬ ൐ʹ
௫

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͲሾĞĞŵሿʹǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿͲǡ ʹሾ͘
KƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺʹǡ ͲሻĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐſĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ȁ௫ିଶȁ ଶ ȁ௫ିଶȁ ଶ
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ൌ ష ൌ െλĞ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ ൌ ൅λ
ଶ௫ ଴ ଶ௫ ଴శ
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů͘
ಮ
ಮ
ȁ௫ିଶȁ ௫ିଶ ௫ ଵ
௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ଶĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘
ಮ
ಮ
ȁ௫ିଶȁ ି௫ାଶ ି௫ ଵ
௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ൌ െ
ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
ଶ



WĄŐ͘ϱϲ
ϳϵ͘

WĄŐ͘ϱϳ
ϴϬ͘


WĄŐ͘ϱϴ
തതതത ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ͘

ϴϭ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ܥܣ‬
ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌܲŽƉŽŶƚŽŵĠĚŝŽĚĞሾ‫ܥܣ‬ሿ͘
തതതത തതതത
തതതത ൌ ௫Ğ‫ܦܣ‬
ŶƚĆŽ͗‫ܲܣ‬ തതതത ൌ ஺஼ ି஽ீ ൌ ௫ିଶ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
തതതത
஺௉ തതതത
஻௉
dĞŵͲƐĞതതതത ൌ തതതത͘
஺஽ ா஽
ೣ
തതതത
஺௉ തതതത
஻௉ തതതത
஻௉ ௫ തതതത
஻௉ ଶ௫
KƌĂ͕തതതത ൌ തതതത ฻ మ
ೣషమ ൌ ฻ ൌ ฻ തതതത
‫ ܲܤ‬ൌ ͘
஺஽ ா஽ ଶ ௫ିଶ ଶ ௫ିଶ
మ
మೣ
തതതത ൈ஻௉
஺஼ തതതത ௫ൈ ௫మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽൌ ൌ ೣషమ
ൌ ௫ିଶ
ଶ ଶ
ᇱ
௫మ ଶ௫ሺ௫ିଶሻି௫ మ ௫ మ ିସ௫
ቀ௫ିଶቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ

തതതത ൌ Ͷ͘
ĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĠĂŵĞŶŽƌƉŽƐƐşǀĞůƋƵĂŶĚŽ‫ܥܣ‬

ϴϮ͘

WĄŐ͘ϲϰ
଺ିଶ ௞ି଺
ϴϯ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݉஺஻ ൌ ൌ ͳĞ݉஻஼ ൌ ൌ ݇ െ ͸͘
ହିଵ ଺ିହ
ŶƚĆŽ͗݉஺஻ ൐ ݉஻஼ ฻ ͳ ൐ ݇ െ ͸ ฻ ݇ ൏ ͹ ฻ ݇ ‫א‬ሿ െ λǡ ͹ሾ


బ
బ
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺିଵሻ ξ௫ାଶିଵ ൫ξ௫ାଶିଵ൯൫ξ௫ାଶାଵ൯
ϴϰ݂͘ ᇱ ሺെͳሻ ൌ ௫ืିଵ ௫ିሺିଵሻ ൌ ௫ืିଵ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିଵ ሺ௫ାଵሻ൫ ൌ
௫ାଵ ξ௫ାଶାଵ൯
௫ାଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืିଵ ሺ௫ାଵሻ൫ ൌ ௫ืିଵ ௫ାଶାଵ ൌ
ξ௫ାଶାଵ൯ ξ ଶ

௙ሺିଶା௛ሻି௙ሺିଶሻ ଵ ௙ሺିଶା௛ሻି௙ሺିଶሻ ଵ ଷ
ϴϱ͘௛ื଴ ହ௛
ൌ ൈ ௛ื଴ ௛
ൌ ൈ ݂ ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ
ହ ହ ହ

௚ሺ௫ሻାଵ ௚ሺ௫ሻିሺିଵሻ ௚ሺ௫ሻି௚ሺଵሻ ௚ሺ௫ሻି௚ሺଵሻ ଵ
ϴϲ͘ĂͿ௫ืଵ ൌ ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ିଵሻሺ௫ାଵሻ ൌ ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ିଵሻሺ௫ାଵሻ ൌ ௫ืଵ ቂ ൈ ቃ ൌ
௫ మ ିଵ ௫ିଵ ௫ାଵ
௚ሺ௫ሻି௚ሺଵሻ ଵ ଵ ଷ
ൌ ௫ืଵ ௫ିଵ ൈ ௫ืଵ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൈ ൌ െ
௫ାଵ ଶ ଶ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻĞƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͳǡ െͳሻ͕

ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĠĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬െ ሺെͳሻ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ͘
‫ ݕ‬െ ሺെͳሻ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳ ൌ െ͵ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ͘

ϴϳ͘

݂ሺെͳ ൅ ݄ሻ െ ݂ሺെͳሻ ሺ௙±୮ୟ୰ሻ ݂ሺͳ െ ݄ሻ െ ݂ሺͳሻ ሺ௞ୀି௛ሻ ݂ሺͳ ൅ ݇ሻ െ ݂ሺͳሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺെͳሻ ൌ ൌ
ฎ ൌ
ฎ ൌ
௛ื଴ ݄ ௛ื଴ ݄ ௞ื଴ െ݇
௙ሺଵା௞ሻି௙ሺଵሻ
ൌ െ ௞ื଴ ௞
ൌ െ݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ െ͵

ϴϴ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳ െ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െ͵
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ߨ ସ ሻᇱ ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ

ᇱ ᇲ
௫ ర ିଶ௫ାξଶ ൫௫ ర ିଶ௫ାξଶ൯ ସ௫ య ିଶ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
ହ ହ ହ
య ర ᇱ ᇱ య ᇱ ర ᇱ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ξʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ξ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ξͶ‫ ݔ‬൯ ൌ ൫ξʹ‫ݔ‬൯ ൅ ൫ξ͵‫ ݔ‬൯ ൅ ൫ξͶ‫ ݔ‬൯ ൌ ൅య ൅ర
ξଶ௫ ξଷ௫ మ ξସ௫ య
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ మ ାଵ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ሺହ௫ିଷሻିሺହ௫ିଷሻᇲ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ଶ௫ሺହ௫ିଷሻିହ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ଵ଴௫ మ ି଺௫ିହ௫ మ ିହ ହ௫ మ ି଺௫ିହ
ĞͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺହ௫ିଷሻమ
ൌ ሺହ௫ିଷሻమ

ହ௫ିଷ
ĨͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻସ ሿᇱ ൌ Ͷሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଷ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͺሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଷ


ᇱ
ଵ ଷ ଵ ଶ ଵ ᇱ ଵ ଶ ሺଶ௫ሻᇲ ଵ ଶ ଶ ଺ ଷ
ŐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൤ቀ ቁ ൨ ൌ ͵ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͵ ቀ ቁ ቀെ ሺଶ௫ሻమቁ ൌ ͵ ቀ ቁ ቀെ మ ቁ ൌ െ ర ൌ െ ర
ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ସ௫ ଵ଺௫ ଼௫
ᇲ
ᇱ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ଶ௫ ௫
ŚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ൯ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ଶξ௫ మ ାଵ ଶξ௫ మ ାଵ ξ௫ మ ାଵ
ŝͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻସ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻସ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሾሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻସ ሿᇱ ൌ
ൌ ʹሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻସ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൈ Ͷሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଷ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ʹሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻସ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൈ ͳʹሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଷ ൌ
ൌ ʹሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଷ ሾሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ͸ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሿ ൌ ʹሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଷ ሺͳͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͹ሻ
ũͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଷ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଷ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଷ ሿᇱ ൌ
ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଷ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൈ ͵ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଶ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሿ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଶ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ

ଶ௫ିଵ ᇱ ሺଶ௫ିଵሻᇲ ሺଷି௫ሻିሺଷି௫ሻᇲ ሺଶ௫ିଵሻ ଶሺଷି௫ሻିሺିଵሻሺଶ௫ିଵሻ ହ
ϴϵ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺଷି௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଷି௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଷି௫ሻమ͖
ଷି௫
ହ ଵ
ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ݂ ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ൌ ͘
ଶହ ହ
݃ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ݉௥ ͖ĐŽŵŽĂƌĞƚĂ‫ݎ‬ƉĂƐƐĂŶŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെʹǡ ʹሻĞሺͲǡ ͷሻ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ
ହିଶ ଷ
݃ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ൌ ͘
଴ିሺିଶሻ ଶ
ďͿሺ݂ ൈ ݃ሻᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൈ ݃ሺെʹሻ ൅ ݂ሺെʹሻ ൈ ݃ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ହ

݂ͮሺെʹሻ ൌ െ ൌ െͳĞ݃ሺെʹሻ ൌ ʹ
ହ
ଵ ଷ ଵଵ
ൌ ହ ൈ ʹ ൅ ሺെͳሻ ൈ ଶ ൌ െ ଵ଴
భ య మ య
௙ ᇱ ௙ᇲ ሺିଶሻൈ௚ሺିଶሻି௙ሺିଶሻൈ௚ᇲ ሺିଶሻ ൈଶିሺିଵሻൈ ା ଵଽ
ቀ ቁ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ሾ௚ሺିଶሻሿమ
ൌఱ
ଶమ
మ
ൌ ఱସమ ൌ
௚ ସ଴
ଷ ଵହ
ĐͿሺ݂ ‫݃ ל‬ሻᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൈ ݂ ᇱ ሾ݃ሺെʹሻሿ ൌ ൈ ݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ ൌ ݂ͮ ᇱ ሺʹሻ ൌ
ହ
ଵమ
ൌ ͷ
ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϲϱ
ϵϬ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ

ଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺʹ െ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ଷ

ଶ ଶ
݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͲሿĞĞŵቂ ǡ ൅λቂĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂͲǡ ቃ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଷଵ ଶ
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂͳĞŵͲĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂ Ğŵ ͘
ଶ଻ ଷ
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ మ ାଷ ൫௫ మ ାଷ൯ ሺ௫ାଶሻି൫௫ మ ାଷ൯ሺ௫ାଶሻᇲ ଶ௫ሺ௫ାଶሻି൫௫ మ ାଷ൯ ଶ௫ మ ାସ௫ି௫ మ ିଷ ௫ మ ାସ௫ିଷ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫ାଶ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻమ
௫ మ ାସ௫ିଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ାଶሻమ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ െ ξ͹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െʹ ൅ ξ͹


݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ ʹ െ ξ͹ǡ െʹሾĞĞŵሿ െ ʹǡ െʹ ൅ ξ͹ሾ͘
݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െʹ െ ξ͹ሾĞĞŵሿ െ ʹ ൅ ξ͹ǡ ൅λሾ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵെʹ െ ξ͹ĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŵെʹ ൅ ξ͹͘

ᇱ ᇲ
௫ ሺ௫ሻᇲ ൫௫ మ ିଽ൯ି௫൫௫ మ ିଽ൯ ௫ మ ିଽି௫ൈଶ௫ ି௫ మ ିଽ
ϵϭ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଽሻమ
௫ మ ିଽ ሺ௫ మ ିଽሻమ ሺ௫ మ ିଽሻమ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞ

ϵϮ͘WĂƌƚŝŶĚŽĚŽƋƵĂĚƌŽĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŶŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐĂĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĂƌͲůŚĞƵŵĂůŝŶŚĂƌĞĨĞƌĞŶƚĞă
ǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ݂͘

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͳሿĞĞŵሾʹǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͳǡ ʹሿ
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŵͳĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŵʹ͘

ᇱ ᇲ
ଷ௫ మ ା௫ ర ି଺௫ ൫ଷ௫ మ ା௫ ర ି଺௫൯ ଺௫ାସ௫ య ି଺
ϵϯ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ᇱ ᇲ
଺௫ାସ௫ య ି଺ ൫଺௫ାସ௫ య ି଺൯ ଺ାଵଶ௫ మ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ଶ
ൌ ͵ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଷ ሿᇱ ൌ ͵ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͸ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ͸ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሿᇱ ൌ ͳʹሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ʹͶሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͷͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹͶ
ଶ ᇱ ିଶሺ௫ିଵሻᇲ ିଶ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ
௫ିଵ
ᇱ ᇲ
ିଶ ିሺିଶሻൣሺ௫ିଵሻమ ൧ ଶൈଶሺ௫ିଵሻሺ௫ିଵሻᇲ ସሺ௫ିଵሻ ସ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ௫ିଵሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻర ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ


௫ ᇱ ௫ ᇲ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻି௫ሺଶ௫ିଷሻᇲ ଶ௫ିଷିଶ௫ ିଷ
ĚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻమ
ൌ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻమ ൌ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻమ
ଶ௫ିଷ
ᇱ ᇲ
ିଷ ିሺିଷሻൣሺଶ௫ିଷሻమ ൧ ଷൈଶሺଶ௫ିଷሻሺଶ௫ିଷሻᇲ ଵଶሺଶ௫ିଷሻ ଵଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺଶ௫ିଷሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻర ൌ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻర
ൌ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻర ൌ ሺଶ௫ିଷሻయ

ଷ௫ ᇱ ሺଷ௫ሻᇲሺ௫ାଵሻିଷ௫ሺ௫ାଵሻᇲ ଷሺ௫ାଵሻିଷ௫ ଷ
ϵϰ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ௫ାଵቁ ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻమ
ᇱ ᇲ
ଷ ିଷൣሺ௫ାଵሻమ ൧
ିଷൈଶሺ௫ାଵሻሺ௫ାଵሻᇲ ି଺ሺ௫ାଵሻ ି଺
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ௫ାଵሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻర
ሺ௫ାଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻర ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻయ
ൌ
ଷ
ƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ൫ͳǡ ݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ൯͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀͳǡ ቁĞƚĞŵ
ସ
ᇱᇱ ሺͳሻ ଺ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ĚĞĐůŝǀĞŝŐƵĂůĂ݂ ൌ െ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬െ ൌ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ͘
଼ ସ ସ ସ
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ሺ‫ݔ‬
‫ ݕ‬െ ସ ൌ െ ସ െ ͳሻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬െ ସ ൌ െ ସ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ସ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ସ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଶ
ଷ ଷ
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͘
ସ ଶ

ϵϱ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ܾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵ሻᇱ ൌ ͵ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܾ‫ݔ‬Ğ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܾ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͸ܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹܾ
ଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺെͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ͵ܽ െ ʹܾ ൌ Ͳ ܾ ൌ ܽ ଷ
ܾ ൌ ଶ ܽ
ଶ
൜ ᇱᇱ ฻ቄ ฻ቐ ଷ ฻ ቊ ฻
݂ ሺെͳሻ ൑ Ͳ െ͸ܽ ൅ ʹܾ ൑ Ͳ െ͸ܽ ൅ ʹ ൈ ܽ ൑ Ͳ െ͸ܽ ൅ ͵ܽ ൑ Ͳ ଶ
ଷ ଷ
ܾൌ ܾൌ
ܽ ܽ
฻ቊ ฻ቊ
ଶ ଶ
െ͵ܽ ൑ Ͳ ܽ ൒ Ͳ

ϵϲ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܿሻ ൑ Ͳ
ďͿ݂ሺܿሻĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͘

ϵϳ͘WĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĞũĂĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞďĂƐƚĂŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĞũĂƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ŽƵ
ƐĞũĂ͕ƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŶŚĂĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ͘WŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗

ϵϴ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
௫ మ ାଷ ൫௫ మ ାଷ൯ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ି൫௫ మ ାଷ൯൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ଶ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ି൫௫ మ ାଷ൯ଶ௫ ଶ௫ య ାଶ௫ିଶ௫ య ି଺௫
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ
ൌ
ିସ௫

మ మ ᇲ మ
ିସ௫ ᇱ ሺିସ௫ሻᇲ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ିሺିସ௫ሻቂ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ቃ ିସ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ାସ௫ሾଶ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ൈଶ௫ሿ
ൌ
మ
ିସ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ାଵ଺௫ మ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ିସ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ൣ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ିସ௫ మ ൧ ିସ൫ିଷ௫ మ ାଵ൯ ସ൫ଷ௫ మ ିଵ൯
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻయ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻయ
ସ൫ଷ௫ మ ିଵ൯ ξଷ ξଷ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ య ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ש‬ ‫ݔ‬ൌ
ାଵሻ ଷ ଷ


ξଷ ξଷ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቃെλǡ െ ቃĞĞŵቂ ǡ ൅λቂĞƚĞŵĂ
ଷ ଷ
ξଷ ξଷ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂെ ଷ ǡ ଷ ቃ͘
ďͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ̳൛െξʹǡ ξʹൟ

ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
௫మ ൫௫ మ ൯ ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ି௫ మ ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ ଶ௫൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ି௫ మ ൈଶ௫ ଶ௫ య ିସ௫ିଶ௫ య ିସ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ௫ మ ିଶቁ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଶሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଶሻమ
మ మ ᇲ మ
ିସ௫ ᇱ ሺିସ௫ሻᇲ ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ ିሺିସ௫ሻቂ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ ቃ ିସ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ ାସ௫ሾଶ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ൈଶ௫ሿ
݂ ൌ ቀሺ௫ మ ିଶሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଶሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଶሻర
ൌ
మ
ିସ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ ାଵ଺௫ మ ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ ିସ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ൣ൫௫ మ ିଶ൯ିସ௫ మ ൧ ିସ൫ିଷ௫ మ ିଶ൯ ସ൫ଷ௫ మ ାଶ൯
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଶሻయ
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଶሻయ

ସ൫ଷ௫ మ ାଶ൯
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ିଶሻయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ െ ʹ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ െ λǡ െξʹሾĞĞŵሿξʹǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ ξʹǡ ξʹሾ͘

WĄŐ͘ϲϲ
ϵϵ͘;Ϳ
^ĞĨŽƐƐĞ݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ŽƵ݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ͕ƚĞƌͲƐĞͲŝĂ݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄ƚĞƌŝĂĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵԹ͖ŝƐƚŽĞǆĐůƵŝĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;Ϳ͘
^ĞĨŽƐƐĞ݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͕݄ԢԢƚĞƌŝĂĚŽŝƐǌĞƌŽƐ͕െͳĞͳ͕ĞƐĞƌŝĂƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿ െ ͳǡ ͳሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
݄ƚĞƌŝĂĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾെͳǡ ͳሿ͖ŝƐƚŽĞǆĐůƵŝĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘
KĞƐƚƵĚŽĚŽƐŝŶĂůĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĨŝƌŵĂƌƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞƚĞƌ
݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ͘

ϭϬϬ͘


ϭϬϭ͘ĂͿŽŵŽŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺʹǡ െ͵ሻƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ െ͵͘
ŽŵŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺʹሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
KƌĂ͕݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܾ ൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܽ‫ݔ‬Ğ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܽ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹܽ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
݂ሺʹሻ ൌ െ͵ ͳ͸ ൅ Ͷܽ ൅ ʹܾ ൅ ͳ ൌ െ͵ Ͷܽ ൅ ʹܾ ൌ െʹͲ ʹܾ ൌ ʹͺ ܾ ൌ ͳͶ
൜ ᇱᇱ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ
݂ ሺʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ʹͶ ൅ ʹܽ ൌ Ͳ ܽ ൌ െͳʹ ܽ ൌ െͳʹ ܽ ൌ െͳʹ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͶ͘

݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͶ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹሿĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሾʹǡ ൅λሾ͘

ϭϬϮ͘;Ϳ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞŵԹ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͖ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĠ
ŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂĞŵԹି ĞĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞŵԹା ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵԹି
ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵԹା ͘^ŽŵĞŶƚĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĞƐƚĄŶĞƐƚĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐ͘

ϭϬϯ͘WĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂƚŝŶũĂƵŵĞǆƚƌĞŵŽĞŵͳŝŐƵĂůĂ͸ƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƚĞƌ݃ሺͳሻ ൌ ͸Ğ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŶŚĂƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂŝŐƵĂůĂ͵͕ƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƚĞƌ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
KƌĂ͕݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ܾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹܽ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
݃ሺͳሻ ൌ ͸ ͳ൅ܽ൅ܾ൅ܿ ൌ͸ ܽ൅ܾ൅ܿ ൌ ͷ െͻ ൅ ܾ ൅ ܿ ൌ ͷ ܿ ൌ െͳ
ቐ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൝͵ ൅ ʹܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൝ ʹܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ െ͵ ฻ ൝ ܾ ൌ ͳͷ ฻ ൝ܾ ൌ ͳͷ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ͳͺ ൅ ʹܽ ൌ Ͳ ܽ ൌ െͻ ܽ ൌ െͻ ܽ ൌ െͻ

ϭϬϰ͘;Ϳ
KƉŽŶƚŽĠƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺͶሻ ൌ Ͳ͘

ϭϬϱ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ


WĄŐ͘ϲϳ
ϭϬϲ͘

ϭϬϳ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͖ŝƐƚŽĞǆĐůƵŝĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;Ϳ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻଶ ሿᇱ ൌ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻᇱ ൌ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ͘
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ െ͵
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ െ͵ሿ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሾെ͵ǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂŝŐƵĂůĂെ͵͘

ϭϬϴ͘ĂͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
ଵ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔʹ ׷‬൅ ͳ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ ቄെ ቅ
ଶ
භWŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĐŽŵŽƐĞŝǆŽƐ
௫ మ ା௫ାଵ ଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ଶ௫ାଵ ଶ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫͘ݔ‬
଴మ ା଴ାଵ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ ͳ
ଶൈ଴ାଵ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݕ‬ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ͳሻ͘
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ మ ା௫ାଵ ൫௫ మ ା௫ାଵ൯ ൈሺଶ௫ାଵሻି൫௫ మ ା௫ାଵ൯ൈሺଶ௫ାଵሻᇲ ሺଶ௫ାଵሻሺଶ௫ାଵሻିଶ൫௫ మ ା௫ାଵ൯
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺଶ௫ାଵሻమ
ൌ ሺଶ௫ାଵሻమ
ൌ
ଶ௫ାଵ
మ మ
ସ௫ ାସ௫ାଵିଶ௫ ିଶ௫ିଶ మ
ଶ௫ ାଶ௫ିଵ
ଶ௫ మ ାଶ௫ିଵ ଵ ିଵିξଷ ିଵାξଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶ௫ାଵሻమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െ ଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ଶ

ିଵିξଷ ିଵାξଷ ିଵିξଷ ଵ
݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ሿĞĞŵሾ ǡ ൅λሾĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾ ǡ െ ሾĞĞŵ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ିଵାξଷ
ሿെ ǡ ሿ͘
ଶ ଶ
ିଵିξଷ ିଵାξଷ
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĞŵ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ͘
ଶ ଶ

ଵ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ െ ሾ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ଶ
ଵ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ െ ǡ ൅λሾĞŶĆŽƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
ଶ
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ଵ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ଶƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽƐĞƵ
ళ
௫ మ ା௫ାଵ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ௫ืሺିభሻష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืሺିభሻష ൌ ర
ൌ െλ
మ మ ଶ௫ାଵ ଴ష
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ଶĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ళ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĂŝŶĚĂ͗௫ืሺିభሻశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืሺିభሻశ ൌ ర
଴శ
ൌ ൅λ
మ మ ଶ௫ାଵ
ಮ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ಮ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ͳ
ൌ ଶ௫ାଵ ൌ ଶ
ൌ
ฎ ଶ
ൌ
௫ืିஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืିஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืିஶ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืିஶ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ʹ
௫ మ ା௫ାଵ ௫ ଶ௫ మ ାଶ௫ାଶିଶ௫ మ ି௫
௫ืିஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݉‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂ െ ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ଶ௫ାଵ ଶ ଶሺଶ௫ାଵሻ
ಮ
ಮ
௫ାଶ ௫ ଵ
௫ืାஶ ସ௫ାଶ ൌ ସ௫ ସ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ଵ
ĞŵŽĚŽŝĚġŶƚŝĐŽ͕ƐĞŽďƚĠŵ௫ืାஶ ௫
ൌ Ğ௫ืାஶሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݉‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ͘
ଶ ସ
ଵ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĞŵെλĞĞŵ൅λ͘
ଶ ସ
y
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1
−2
−3


ďͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ׷‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼͳሽ
ଷ௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݔ‬ĞŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݕ‬ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ Ͳሻ͘
ᇱ ᇲ
ଷ௫ ሺଷ௫ሻᇲ ൈሺ௫ିଵሻమ ିଷ௫ൈൣሺ௫ିଵሻమ ൧ ଷሺ௫ିଵሻమ ିଷ௫ൈଶሺ௫ିଵሻ ଷሺ௫ିଵሻି଺௫ ିଷ௫ିଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ௫ିଵሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ
ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ
ିଷ௫ିଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ

ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሿĞĞŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾെͳǡͳሾ͘
ଷ
݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ െ ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘
ସ
ᇲ
ିଷ௫ିଷ ᇱ ଷ௫ାଷ ᇱ ሺଷ௫ାଷሻᇲൈሺ௫ିଵሻయ ିሺଷ௫ାଷሻൈൣሺ௫ିଵሻయ ൧
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ௫ିଵሻయ ቁ ൌ ቀെ ሺ௫ିଵሻయ ቁ ൌ െ ሺ௫ିଵሻల
ൌ
ଷሺ௫ିଵሻయ ିሺଷ௫ାଷሻൈଷሺ௫ିଵሻమ ሺ௫ିଵሻᇲ ଷሺ௫ିଵሻయ ିሺଷ௫ାଷሻൈଷሺ௫ିଵሻమ ଷሺ௫ିଵሻିሺଷ௫ାଷሻൈଷ
ൌെ ሺ௫ିଵሻల
ൌെ ሺ௫ିଵሻల
ൌെ ሺ௫ିଵሻర
ൌ
ଷ௫ିଷିଽ௫ିଽ ି଺௫ିଵଶ ଺௫ାଵଶ
ൌ െ ሺ௫ିଵሻర ൌ െ ሺ௫ିଵሻర ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻర
଺௫ାଵଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ିଵሻర ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ െʹሿĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ
Ğŵሾെʹǡ ͳሾĞĞŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
ଶ
KƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀെʹǡ െ ቁĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଷ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
͵‫ݔ‬ ͵
ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ଶ
ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ืଵ ௫ืଵ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଷ௫ ଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĂŝŶĚĂ͗௫ืଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵశ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ ൌ శ ൌ ൅λ
଴
ಮ ಮ
͵‫ݔ‬ ಮ
͵‫ݔ‬ ಮ
͵‫ݔ‬ ͵ ͵
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ
ฎ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืିஶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ௫ืିஶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ௫ืିஶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ௫ืିஶ ‫ݔ‬ െλ
͵ ͵
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ൅λ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĞŵെλĞĞŵ൅λ͘


y
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
−1

ĐͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬ଶ െ ͳ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼെͳǡͳሽ
௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ మ ିଵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ ௫ ᇲ ൈ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ି௫ൈ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ି௫ൈሺଶ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ
௫ మ ିଵ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ
మ
൫௫ ିଵ൯ି௫ൈሺଶ௫ሻ మ
௫ ିଵିଶ௫ మ మ
ି௫ ିଵ మ
௫ ାଵ
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ ൌ െ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ
௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ሺ௫ మ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ᇣᇧ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ᇧᇤᇧ
൅ͳൌ ᇧᇥ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ିଵሻ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮୭ୱୱÀ୴ୣ୪
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሾ͕Ğŵሿ െ ͳǡͳሾĞĞŵ
ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽƚĞŵĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ
ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ
௫ మ ାଵ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ൈ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ି൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ൈቂ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ቃ
݂ ൌ ቀെ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ ቁ ൌെ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻర
ൌ
మ
ଶ௫൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ି൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ൈଶ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ൈଶ௫ ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ൣଶ௫൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ିସ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯൧ ଶ௫൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ିସ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯
ൌെ మ
ሺ௫ ିଵሻ ర ൌ െ మ
ሺ௫ ିଵሻ ర ൌ െ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ
ൌ
ଶ௫ య ିଶ௫ିସ௫ య ିସ௫ ିଶ௫ య ି଺௫ ଶ௫ య ା଺௫ ଶ௫൫௫ మ ାଷ൯
ൌെ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ
ൌ െ ሺ௫మ ିଵሻయ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ
మ
ଶ௫൫௫ ାଷ൯
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻
ଶ
ᇣᇧ
฻ ൭‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ש‬ ᇧᇤᇧ
൅͵ൌᇧᇥ
Ͳ ൱ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሾĞĞŵሾͲǡͳሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ െ ͳǡͲሿĞĞŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
KƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ͲሻĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐ
ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
‫ݔ‬ െͳ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ଶ ൌ ା ൌ െλ
௫ืିଵష ௫ืିଵ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
௫ ିଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĂŝŶĚĂ͗௫ืିଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିଵశ మ ିଵ ൌ ష ൌ ൅λ
௫ ଴
‫ݔ‬ ͳ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ଶ ൌ ି ൌ െλ
௫ืଵష ௫ืଵ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ Ͳ
௫ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĂŝŶĚĂ͗௫ืଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵశ ௫ మ ିଵ ൌ ଴శ ൌ ൅λ
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂŝƐ͗
ಮ
‫ ݔ‬ಮ ͳ ͳ ͳ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ଶ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืିஶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ௫ืିஶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ଵ λെͲ λ
௫
ಮ
‫ݔ‬ ಮ
ͳ ͳ ͳ
ฎ ଵ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ௫ืାஶ ‫ ݔ‬െ λെͲ λ
௫


௫
௫ ‫ݔ‬ ൏ʹ
ି௫ାଶ
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ȁ௫ିଶȁ
ൌ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൝ ௫
‫ݔ‬ ൐ʹ
௫ିଶ
භŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ׷‬ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹȁ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼʹሽ
௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ȁ௫ିଶȁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ͗
௫ ᇱ ௫ ᇲ ൈሺି௫ାଶሻି௫ൈሺି௫ାଶሻᇲ ି௫ାଶା௫ ଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺି௫ାଶሻమ
ൌ ሺି௫ାଶሻమ ൌ ሺି௫ାଶሻమ
ି௫ାଶ
ᇱ
dĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ͕݂ ĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹሾ͘
௫ ᇱ ௫ ᇲ ൈሺ௫ିଶሻି௫ൈሺ௫ିଶሻᇲ ௫ିଶି௫ ିଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ
௫ିଶ
ᇱ
dĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ͕݂ ĠƐĞŵƉƌĞŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ͘
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ͗
ᇱ ᇲ
ଶ ିଶൈൣሺି௫ାଶሻమ൧ ିଶൈଶሺି௫ାଶሻሺି௫ାଶሻᇲ ସ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺି௫ାଶሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺି௫ାଶሻర
ൌ ሺି௫ାଶሻర
ൌ ሺି௫ାଶሻయ
ᇱᇱ
dĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ͕݂ ĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂ
ƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹሾ͘
ᇱ ᇲ
ିଶ ଶൈൣሺ௫ିଶሻమ ൧ ଶൈଶሺ௫ିଶሻሺ௫ିଶሻᇲ ସ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ௫ିଶሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻర
ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻయ
ᇱᇱ
dĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ͕݂ ĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂ
ƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
‫ݔ‬ ʹ
ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ืଶ ௫ืଶ െ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
௫ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĂŝŶĚĂ͗௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ൌ శ ൌ ൅λ͘
௫ିଶ ଴
ಮ
‫ݔ‬ ಮ
‫ݔ‬
ฎ ൌ െͳ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืିஶ െ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ௫ืିஶ െ‫ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
ಮ
‫ ݔ‬ಮ ‫ݔ‬
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌฎ ൌ ͳ
௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘


ĞͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬ଶ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌሿ െ λǡ െͳሾ‫׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞͲ ‫ܦ ב‬௙ ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫͘ݕ‬
௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ξ௫ ିଵ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫͘ݔ‬
మೣ ೣమ ೣమ షభషೣమ
ᇱ ᇲ ξ௫ మ ିଵି௫ൈ ξ௫ మ ିଵି
௫ ௫ ᇲ ൈξ௫ మ ିଵି௫ൈ൫ξ௫ మ ିଵ൯ మඥೣమ షభ ඥೣమ షభ ඥೣమ షభ ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ξ௫ మ ିଵ ௫ మ ିଵ ௫ మ ିଵ ௫ మ ିଵ ௫ మ ିଵ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻξ௫ మ ିଵ
ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻξ௫ మ ିଵ

ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሾĞĞŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ͘
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ ᇲ ᇲ
ିଵ ൣ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ξ௫ మ ିଵ൧ ൣ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ξ௫ మ ିଵ൧ ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ξ௫ మ ିଵା൫௫ మ ିଵ൯൫ξ௫ మ ିଵ൯
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ మ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻ
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ
ൌ
ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻξ௫ మ ିଵ ൣሺ௫ మ ିଵሻξ௫ మ ିଵ൧
మೣ ೣ൫ೣమ షభ൯ మೣ൫ೣమ షభ൯శೣ൫ೣమ షభ൯
ଶ௫ξ௫ మ ିଵା൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ଶ௫ξ௫ మ ିଵା
మඥೣమ షభ ඥೣమ షభ ඥೣమ షభ ଷ௫൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ଷ௫
ൌ ൌ
ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ ξ௫ మ ିଵ ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ ξ௫ మ ିଵ
ଷ௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫א ݔ ר‬ሿ െ λǡ െͳሾ‫׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻమ ξ௫ మ ିଵ


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ
Ğŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐ
‫ݔ‬ െͳ
ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ൌ ା ൌ െλ
௫ืିଵ ௫ืିଵ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ Ͳ
‫ݔ‬ ͳ
శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ శ ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ืଵ ௫ืଵ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ Ͳ
௫ ಮ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ మ
ಮ
ͳ ͳ
ൌ ξ௫ ିଵ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ืିஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืିஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืିஶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൅λ
ಮ
ಮ
௫ ௫
௫ืିஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
ξ௫ మ ିଵ భ
ට௫ మ ቀଵି మ ቁ
ೣ
௫ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืିஶ భ
ൌ ௫ืିஶ భ
ൌ െͳ
ି௫ටଵି మ ିටଵି మ
ೣ ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
௫ ಮ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ మ
ಮ
ͳ ͳ
ൌ ξ௫ ିଵ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൅λ
ಮ
ಮ
௫ ௫
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ξ௫ మ ିଵ భ
ට௫ మ ቀଵି మ ቁ
ೣ
௫ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ భ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ భ
ൌ ͳ
௫ටଵି మ ටଵି మ
ೣ ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘


ϭϬϵ͘ĂͿĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂ
ĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠƐĞŵƉƌĞŶƵůĂ͕ĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͘
hŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞůŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂Ġ͗

ďͿĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂ
ĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞŵƉƌĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ͘

ĐͿĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠƐĞŵƉƌĞŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂ
ĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞŵƉƌĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ͘

ϭϭϬ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ሺିଵሻయ ିଵ
භ݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ ൌ െʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܣ‬ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെͳǡ െʹሻ͘
ିଵାଶ
଴య ିଵ ଵ ଵ
භ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܤ‬ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀͲǡ െ ቁ͘
଴ାଶ ଶ ଶ
భ
ିଶିቀି ቁ ଷ
භ݉ ൌ ିଵି଴
మ
ൌ
ଶ
ďͿ

ଷ
ĐͿhŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫א ܿ ר‬ሿ െ ͳǡͲሾ͘
ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ య ିଵ ൫௫ య ିଵ൯ ሺ௫ାଶሻି൫௫ య ିଵ൯ሺ௫ାଶሻᇲ ଷ௫ మ ሺ௫ାଶሻି൫௫ య ିଵ൯ ଷ௫ య ା଺௫ మ ି௫ య ାଵ ଶ௫ య ା଺௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫ାଶ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻమ


ŽŵĂƵǆşůŝŽĚĂĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŐƌĄĨŝĐĂ͕ƉŽĚĞŽďƚĞƌͲƐĞĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͕ĐŽŶĨŽƌŵĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚŽŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂ
ƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞ͘

ϭϭϭ͘

ϭϭϮ͘



WĄŐ͘ϲϴ
ϭϭϯ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௡మ ାଵ ௡మ ௡
භ ൌ ିଶ௡ ൌ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െλ͖ĞƐƚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĞǆĐůƵŝƌĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘
ଵିଶ௡ ଶ
ଵିଶ௡ ିଶ௡ ଶ
භ మ ൌ మ ൌ ቀെ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͖ĞƐƚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĞǆĐůƵŝƌĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘
௡ ାଵ ௡ ௡
ଵ ௡ ଵ ଵ
භ ቀଶቁ ൌ ଶ೙ ൌ ାஶ ൌ Ͳ͖ĞƐƚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĞǆĐůƵŝƌĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘
ଵ ି௡
භ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹ௡ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൒ ‫ݔ‬௡ ͕ƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ൅λ͘
ଶ

ϭϭϰ͘;Ϳ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬௡ ሻ ൌ െλ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ ‫ݔ‬௡ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ
‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൒ ‫ݔ‬௡ ͕ƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ൅λ͘

ϭϭϱ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞെͳ ൑ െ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ ฻ ͳ ൑ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ൒ ͘
ଶିୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଷ
ଵ ଵ ௙ሺ௫ሻ ௙ሺ௫ሻ
KƌĂ͕ƉĂƌĂ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞଶିୡ୭ୱ ௫ ൒ ଷ ฻ ଶିୡ୭ୱ ௫ ൒ ଷ
͘
ŽŵŽ͕‫ א ݔ׊‬Թି ǡ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ͕ĂŽƉĕĆŽĐŽƌƌĞƚĂĠ;Ϳ͘

ϭϭϲ͘;Ϳ
KƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ
ƋƵĞĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ
ƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ
ĂƋƵĂůĂƐĂĨŝƌŵĂĕƁĞƐĚĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;Ϳ͕;ͿĞ;ͿƐĆŽ
ĨĂůƐĂƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϲϵ
ϭϭϳ͘;Ϳ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሺͲሻ͘
KƌĂ͕
బ
బ
௫ ௫൫ଷାξଽି௫൯ ௫൫ଷାξଽି௫൯
භ௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ష ൌ ௫ื଴ష ൌ
ଷିξଽି௫ ൫ଷିξଽି௫൯൫ଷାξଽି௫൯ ௫
ൌ ௫ื଴ష ൫͵ ൅ ξͻ െ ‫ݔ‬൯ ൌ ͸

භ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሾ݇ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻሿ ൌ െʹ݇ ൌ ݂ሺͲሻ
භെʹ݇ ൌ ͸ ฻ ݇ ൌ െ͵


ϭϭϴ͘;Ϳ
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾെʹǡ െͳሿ͘
݂ሺെʹሻ ൌ െͺ ൅ ʹ ൅ ͳ ൌ െͷ ൏ ʹ݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ െͳ ൅ ͳ ൅ ͳ ൌ െͳ ൏ ʹ
KƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇŶĆŽƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵĂ
ƐŽůƵĕĆŽĞŵሿ െ ʹǡ െͳሾ͘
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ ͳ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ ൅ ͵ ൌ ͵
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ŶĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾെͳǡ Ͳሿ͘
ƐŽůƵĕĆŽĞŵሿ െ ͳǡ Ͳሾ͘
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൌ ͵
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾͲǡͳሿ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵ ൐ ʹ݂ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳ െ ͳ ൅ ͷ ൌ ͵ ൐ ʹ
ƐŽůƵĕĆŽĞŵሿͲǡ ͳሾ͘
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾͳǡ ʹሿ͘
݂ሺͳሻ ൌ ͵ ൐ ʹ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹ െ ͺ ൅ ͷ ൌ െͳ ൏ ʹ
KƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŐĂƌĂŶƚŝƌƋƵĞĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽ
Ğŵሿͳǡ ʹሾ͘

ϭϭϵ͘;Ϳ
బ
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ బ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺെʹሻ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺെʹሻ ͳ
ଶ
ൌฎ ൌ ቈ ൈ ቉ ൌ
௫ืିଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷ ௫ืିଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ௫ืିଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺെʹሻ ‫ݔ‬െʹ
௚ሺ௫ሻି௚ሺିଶሻ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืିଶ ௫ିሺିଶሻ ൈ ௫ืିଶ ௫ିଶ ൌ݃ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൈ ൌ െʹ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ
ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇥ ିସ ସ ଶ
௚ᇲ ሺିଶሻ

ϭϮϬ͘;Ϳ
EĂƐĨŝŐƵƌĂƐĂďĂŝǆŽĞƐƚĆŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽƐŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĞĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘
EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂϭĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;ͿƐĆŽ
ĨĂůƐĂƐ͘
EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂϮĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠĨĂůƐĂ͘

&ŝŐƵƌĂϭ &ŝŐƵƌĂϮ
EĂǀĞƌĚĂĚĞ͕ƐĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĨŝŶŝƚĂ;ĞŵƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌ͕ĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂŶƵůĂͿŶƵŵƉŽŶƚŽ͕ĞŶƚĆŽĠ
ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶĞƐƐĞƉŽŶƚŽ͘


ϭϮϭ͘;Ϳ
EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽĞƋƵĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞ
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;Ϳ͕;ͿĞ;ͿƐĆŽĨĂůƐĂƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϳϬ
ϭϮϮ͘;Ϳ
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൐ ͲĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻǤ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ ͲĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻǤ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൐ Ͳ͘
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൐ ͲĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻǤ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ Ͳ͘
භKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൐ ͲĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻǤ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൐ Ͳ͘

ϭϮϯ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݃ሺܽሻ ൐ Ͳ͕݃ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ ͲĞ݃ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݃ሺܽሻǤ݃ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ Ͳ

ϭϮϰ͘;Ϳ
WĂƌĂ݊ ൌ ͳ͕ǀĞŵ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĚĞ݂͗

WĂƌĂ݊ ൌ ʹ͕ǀĞŵ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ƐĞƚĞŵŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĚĞ݂͗

ƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;ͿĞƐƚĆŽĞǆĐůƵşĚĂƐ͘
KƌĂ͕݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ௡ ሿᇱ ൌ ݊ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ௡ିଵ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ݊ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ௡ିଵ
WĂƌĂ݊ ൌ ʹ͕ǀĞŵ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐĞŶƚŝĚŽĚĞĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐ
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͗


WĂƌĂ݊ ൌ ͵͕ǀĞŵ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐĞŶƚŝĚŽĚĞĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐ
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͗

ŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĞƐƚĄĞǆĐůƵşĚĂ͘

ϭϮϱ͘ĂͿKƚĞŽƌĞŵĂϮ͘ĚĞĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽƉĂƌĂƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
ďͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ƉĂƌĂܽ௡ ൌ ݊ଶĞ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ െ݊͗ ܽ௡ ൌ ൅λĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൏ ܽ௡ ͕ŵĂƐ‫ݑ‬௡ ŶĆŽ
ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ൅λ͘
ĐͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ƉĂƌĂܾ௡ ൌ െ݊Ğ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ െ݊ ൅ ͳ͗ ܾ௡ ൌ െλĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൐ ܾ௡ ͕ŵĂƐ‫ݑ‬௡
ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂെλ͘
ĚͿKƚĞŽƌĞŵĂϯ͘ĚĞĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽƉĂƌĂƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϳϭ
ϭϮϲ͘ĂͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͘
ଵ ଵ ሺିଵሻ೙
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ƉĂƌĂܽ௡ ൌ ͳ ൅ ǡ ܾ௡ ൌ െͳ െ Ğܿ௡ ൌ ͗ܽ ൌ ͳǡ ܾ ൌ െͳĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ
௡ ௡ ଶ
ܽ௡ ൑ ܿ௡ ൑ ܾ௡ ͕ŵĂƐሺܿ௡ ሻŶĆŽĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞ͘
ďͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͘
ଵ ଵ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ƉĂƌĂܽ௡ ൌ ͳ ൅ ǡ ܾ௡ ൌ െͳ െ Ğܿ௡ ൌ ͳ െ ͗ܽ ൌ ͳǡ ܾ ൌ െͳ͕‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ
௡ ௡ ௡
ିଵାଵ
ܽ௡ ൑ ܿ௡ ൑ ܾ௡ ͕ሺܿ௡ ሻĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞŵĂƐ ܿ௡ ് ൌ Ͳ͘
ଶ
ĐͿKƚĞŽƌĞŵĂϭ͘ĚĞĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽƉĂƌĂƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘

ଷ௡ାଵ ଷ௡
ϭϮϳ͘ĂͿ ൌ ൌ ͵
௡ାଷ ௡
ଷ௡ାଵ ଼ ଷ௡ାଵ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ͵െ ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ
௡ାଷ ௡ାଷ ௡ାଷ
ଷ௡ାଵ ଷൈଶାଵ ଻
‫ ݊׊‬൒ ʹǡ ൒ ൌ
௡ାଷ ଶାଷ ହ
ଷ௡ାଵ ௡ ଻ ௡ ଻ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ ݊׊‬൒ ʹǡ ቀ ቁ ൐ ቀ ቁ Ğ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
௡ାଷ ହ ହ
ଷ௡ାଵ ௡
ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͘
௡ାଷ


௡ାୱୣ୬ ௡ ௡ିଵ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ݊ ൒ െͳ ฻ ݊ ൅ ݊ ൒ ݊ െ ͳ ฻ ൒ ͘
ଶ ଶ
௡ାୱୣ୬ ௡ ௡ିଵ ௡ିଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ଶ
൒
ଶ
Ğ
ଶ
ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
௡ାୱୣ୬ ௡
ൌ ൅λ͘
ଶ
௡మ ାଵ ௡మ ଵ
ĚͿ ଵିଶ௡మ ൌ ିଶ௡మ ൌ െ ଶ
ଶ೙శభ ାగ ଶൈଶ೙ గ ଶ ௡ గ
ĞͿ ൌ ൅ ൌ ቂʹ ൈ ቀ ቁ ቃ ൅ ೙ ൌ ʹ ൈ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
ଷ೙ ଷ೙ ଷ೙ ଷ ଷ
ĨͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௡ ௡
ʹ݅ െ ͵ ͳ ͳ െͳ ൅ ʹ݊ െ ͵ ݊ଶ െ ʹ݊
෍ ଶ ൌ ൈ ෍ሺʹ݅ െ ͵ሻ ൌ ଶ ൈ൬ ൈ ݊൰ ൌ ଶ
ʹ݊ ൅ ͳ ʹ݊ଶ ൅ ͳ ʹ݊ ൅ ͳ ʹ ʹ݊ ൅ ͳ
௜ୀଵ ௜ୀଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͗
௡
ʹ݅ െ ͵ ݊ଶ െ ʹ݊ ݊ଶ ͳ
෍ ଶ
ൌ ଶ
ൌ ଶ
ൌ
ʹ݊ ൅ ͳ ʹ݊ ൅ ͳ ʹ݊ ʹ
௞ୀଵ
௡
ŐͿ^ĞũĂሺ‫ݓ‬௡ ሻĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ σ௡௜ୀ଴ ͘
௡మ ାଶ௜
௡
‫ݓ‬௡ ĠĂƐŽŵĂĚĞ݊ ൅ ͳƉĂƌĐĞůĂƐ͕ĚĂƐƋƵĂŝƐĂŵĞŶŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݅ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌ͕݊ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕௡మ ାଶ௡
ଵ ௡ ଵ
͕ŽƋƵĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ͕ĞĂŵĂŝŽƌĠĂƋƵĞůĂĞŵƋƵĞ݅ƚŽŵĂŽǀĂůŽƌͲ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ మ͕ŽƋƵĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
௡ାଶ ௡ ௡
ଵ ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞሺ݊ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ሺ݊ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ ͘
௡ାଶ ௡
௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ௡ାଶ ൑ ‫ݓ‬௡ ൑ ௡ Ğ ௡ାଶ ൌ ௡ ൌ ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
‫ݓ‬௡ ൌ ͳ͘
ŚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ͳ ൅ ݊ ʹ ͳ ൅ ݊ ௡ ʹ ௡
െͳ ൑ ݊ ൑ ͳ ฻ Ͳ ൑ ͳ ൅ ݊ ൑ ʹ ฻ Ͳ ൑ ൑ ฻Ͳ൑൬ ൰ ൑൬ ൰
͵ ͵ ͵ ͵
ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௡ ௡ ଶ ௡ ଶ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ Ͳ ൑ ቀ ቁ ൑ ቀ ቁ Ğ Ͳ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௡ ௡
ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘
ଷ
௡మ ାଵ
ŝͿŽŵŽͳ െ ʹ݊ଶ ൏ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݊׊‬Գ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ൏ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݊׊‬Գ
ଵିଶ௡మ
మ
௡ ାଵ ଵ ଷȀଶ ଵ ଷȀଶ ௡మ ାଵ
WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ మ ൌെ ൅ మ ൌ െ െ మ ିଵ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů
ଵିଶ௡ ଶ ଵିଶ௡ ଶ ଶ௡ ଵିଶ௡మ
మ
௡ ାଵ ହ
ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݊׊‬൒ ʹǡ ଵିଶ௡మ ൒ െ ଻͘
ହ ௡మ ାଵ ௡మ ାଵ ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݊׊‬൒ ʹǡ െ ൑ మ ൏ ͲĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕‫ ݊׊‬൒ ʹǡ ቚ ቚ ൑ ଻͘
଻ ଵିଶ௡ ଵିଶ௡మ
௡
௡మ ାଵ ହ ௡ ହ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ ݊׊‬൒ ʹǡ Ͳ ൏ ቚଵିଶ௡మ ቚ ൑ ቀ଻ቁ Ğ ቀ଻ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
௡ ௡
௡మ ାଵ ௡మ ାଵ
ቚଵିଶ௡మ ቚ ൌ ͲĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ቀଵିଶ௡మ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͘


ũͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௡ ௡ ௡
ʹ௡ ௡
ͳ ௡
ͳ ௜
෍ ௜ ൌ ʹ ෍ ௜ ൌ ʹ ෍൬ ൰
ʹ ʹ ʹ
௜ୀ଴ ௜ୀ଴ ௜ୀ଴
KƌĂ͕
௡
ͳ ௜
෍൬ ൰
ʹ
௜ୀ଴
ଵ ଴
ĠĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐ݊ ൅ ͳƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚĂƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĆŽŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĐƵũŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƚĞƌŵŽĠቀ ቁ ൌ ͳĞĐƵũĂ
ଶ
ଵ
ƌĂǌĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͗
ଶ
௡ ଵ ௡ାଵ
ͳ ௜ ͳെቀ ቁ ͳ ௡ାଵ ʹ ͳ
ଶ
෍൬ ൰ ൌ ͳ ൈ ଵ ൌ ʹ ൈ ቈͳ െ ൬ ൰ ቉ ൌ ʹ െ ௡ାଵ ൌ ʹ െ ௡
ʹ ͳെ ʹ ʹ ʹ
௜ୀ଴ ଶ
Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
௡ ௡
ʹ௡ ͳ ௜ ͳ
෍ ௜ ൌ ൭ʹ௡ ෍ ൬ ൰ ൱ ൌ ൤ʹ௡ ൬ʹ െ ௡ ൰൨ ൌ ሺʹ௡ାଵ െ ͳሻ ൌ ൅λ
ʹ ʹ ʹ
௜ୀ଴ ௜ୀ଴

௡మ ଶ೙ ௡మ ଶ ௡
ϭϮϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞʹ௡ ൒ ݊ଶ ฻ ೙ ൑ ೙ ฻ ೙ ൑ ቀ ቁ
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
௡మ ଶ ௡ ଶ ௡ ௡మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ ݊׊‬൒ Ͷǡ Ͳ ൑ ଷ೙ ൑ ቀ ቁ Ğ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ଷ೙ ൌ Ͳ͘
ଷ ଷ

ϭϮϵ͘

ಮ
య ಮ
ଶ௫ ି௫ାଵ ଶ௫ య
ϭϯϬ͘ĂͿ௫ืାஶ ௫ మ ାଵ
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ
௫మ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅λ
௫ మ ାଵ ଵାଵ ଶ
ďͿ௫ืିଵ ሺ௫ାଵሻమ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൅λ
଴శ ଴శ
బ
బ
௫ మ ିଽ ሺ௫ାଷሻሺ௫ିଷሻ ௫ାଷ ଺
ĐͿ௫ืଷ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืଷ ൌ ௫ืଷ ൌ ൌ ʹ
௫ య ିଷ௫ ௫ሺ௫ିଷሻ ௫ ଷ
ಮ
భ భ
మ ಮ ට௫ మ ቀଶା మ ቁ ି௫ටଶା మ
ξଶ௫ ାଵ ೣ ೣ ଵ
ĚͿ௫ืିஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቆെටʹ ൅ ቇ ൌ െξʹ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫మ


బ బ బ
బ బ బ
ଵିξଶ௫ିଵ ൫ଵିξଶ௫ିଵ൯൫ଵାξଶ௫ିଵ൯ ଵିሺଶ௫ିଵሻ ିଶሺ௫ିଵሻ
ĞͿ௫ืଵ ௫ య ିଵ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ య ିଵሻ൫ଵା ଶ௫ିଵ൯ ൌ ௫ืଵ ሺ௫య ିଵሻ൫ଵା ଶ௫ିଵ൯ ൌ ฎ
ฎ ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ య ିଵሻ൫ଵା ଶ௫ିଵ൯ ൌ
ξ ξ ξ
ିଶሺ௫ିଵሻ ିଶ ିଶ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ିଵሻሺ௫మ
ା௫ାଵሻ൫ଵାξଶ௫ିଵ൯
ൌ ௫ืଵ ሺ௫ మ ା௫ାଵሻ൫ଵା ൌ ൌ െ
ξଶ௫ିଵ൯ ଷൈଶ ଷ
௫ ଶ
ĨͿ௫ืଶష ൌ ൌ ൅λ
ସି௫ మ ଴శ

WĄŐ͘ϳϮ
ϭϯϭ͘

ϭϯϮ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ

ϭϯϯ͘ĂϭͿWŽƌĂƉůŝĐĂĕĆŽĚŽĐŽƌŽůĄƌŝŽĚŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ݃ƚĞŵƉĞůŽ
ŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵሿܽǡ ܾሾǤ


ĂϮͿdĂůĐŽŵŽĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌ͕
ŶĂĚĂƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƌĞůĂƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞĂŽŶƷŵĞƌŽ
ĚĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͗ĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ݃ଵ ͕݃ଶ Ğ݃ଷ
ĞƐƚĆŽ͕ƚŽĚĂƐ͕ŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽĞ͕Ğŵ
ሿܽǡ ܾሾ͕݃ଵ ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͕݃ଶ ƚĞŵƵŵǌĞƌŽĞ݃ଷ
ƚĞŵƋƵĂƚƌŽǌĞƌŽƐ͘

ďϭͿWŽƌĂƉůŝĐĂĕĆŽĚŽĐŽƌŽůĄƌŝŽĚŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ݃ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐ
ƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵሿܽǡ ܾሾ͖ƉŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠŝŶũĞƚŝǀĂ͕ĞůĂƚĞŵ͕ŶŽŵĄǆŝŵŽƵŵǌĞƌŽŶŽ
ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ݃ƚĞŵƵŵĞƵŵƐſǌĞƌŽĞŵሿܽǡ ܾሾ͘
ďϮͿŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠŝŶũĞƚŝǀĂ͕ƚĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƌ݃ሺܽሻ ് ݃ሺܾሻ͖ƐƵƉŽŶŚĂŵŽƐ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ
Ͳ ൏ ݃ሺܽሻ ൏ ݃ሺܾሻ͘
^Ğ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕݃ĂĚŵŝƚŝƐƐĞƵŵǌĞƌŽ͕‫ݔ‬଴ ͕Ğŵሿܽǡ ܾሾ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƉŽƌĂƉůŝĐĂĕĆŽĚŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞ
ŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇ͕ƉŽĚĞƌͲƐĞͲŝĂĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚŝƌŝĂƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵܿ ‫א‬ሿ‫ݔ‬଴ ǡ ܾሾƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůƐĞƚĞƌŝĂ
݃ሺܿሻ ൌ ݃ሺܽሻ͕ŽƋƵĞĠĂďƐƵƌĚŽƉŽŝƐ݃ĠŝŶũĞƚŝǀĂ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐĞŵሿܽǡ ܾሾ͘

ϭϯϰ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ


ϭϯϱ͘ĂͿ

ଵ
ďͿ ƐďŽĕĂŶĚŽ͕ ƐŽďƌĞƉŽƐƚŽƐ͕ ŽƐ ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐ ĚĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ݂ Ğ ĚĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ݄ ͕ ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂ ƉŽƌ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ ƉŽĚĞ
௫
ŽďƚĞƌͲƐĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂ͕‫ݔ‬଴ ͕ĚŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽ͖ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݔ‬଴ ൎ ͳǡ͵͘

ϭϯϲ͘


ϭϯϳ͘

WĄŐ͘ϳϯ
ϭϯϴ͘ĂͿ

ଵ ଵ ଵ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺെ͵ሻ ൌ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂƉĞůŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀെ͵ǡ ቁ͘
ξଵାଷ ଶ ଶ
ଵ
݉ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺെ͵ሻ ൌ
ଵ଺
ᇱ ሺെ͵ሻሾ‫ݔ‬ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵଵ
‫ ݕ‬െ ݂ሺെ͵ሻ ൌ ݂ െ ሺെ͵ሻሿ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬െ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ͵ሻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ ൅
ଶ ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଵ଺


ଶ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ଵ ଶ
ϭϯϵ͘ĂͿභdĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ቁ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
௫ ௫ ௫మ ௫మ
݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͷ͘
௫ ହ
භKƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ൫ͳǡ ݃ሺͳሻ൯ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ହ
݃ሺͳሻ ൌ െ ൌ െʹ͘
ଶ ଶ
௫ ହ ଵ
භ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻĠŽĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଶଵ
ďͿሺ݂ ൈ ݃ሻᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൈ ݃ሺͳሻ ൅ ݂ሺͳሻ ൈ ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͷ ൈ ሺെʹሻ ൅ ሺെͳሻ ൈ ൌ െͳͲ െ ൌ െ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ
ĐͿሺ݃ଷ ሻᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͵݃ଶ ሺͳሻ ൈ ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͵ ൈ ሺെʹሻଶ ൈ ଶ ൌ ͸
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶହ
ĚͿሺ݂ ‫݃ ל‬ሻᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൈ ݂ ᇱ ሾ݃ሺͳሻሿ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൈ ݂ ᇱ ሺെʹሻ ൌ ଶ ൈ ቀͳʹ ൅ ଶቁ ൌ ͸ ൅ ସ ൌ
ସ

ᇱ ᇱ
ହ௫ మ ି௫ య ହ ଵ ଵ଴
ϭϰϬ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ଷ
ቁ ൌ ቀ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ଷቁ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ଵ଴ ᇱ ଵ଴
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ଷ ‫ ݔ‬െ ଶ
‫ ݔ‬ቁ ൌ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬
ଷ
ଶ௫ ᇱ ሺଶ௫ሻᇲ ሺ௫ାଵሻିଶ௫ሺ௫ାଵሻᇲ ଶሺ௫ାଵሻିଶ௫ ଶ

ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ௫ାଵቁ ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻమ
ᇱ ᇲ
ଶ ିଶൣሺ௫ାଵሻమ ൧ ିଶൈଶሺ௫ାଵሻ ସ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂሺ௫ାଵሻమ ቃ ൌ ሺ௫ାଵሻర
ൌ െ ሺ௫ାଵሻయ
ᇲ
ᇱ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ଶ௫ ௫
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ൯ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ଶξ௫ మ ାଵ ଶξ௫ మ ାଵ ξ௫ మ ାଵ
ೣ ೣమ ೣమ శభషೣమ
ᇱ ᇲ ξ௫ మ ାଵି௫ൈ ξ௫ మ ାଵି
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ௫ ௫ ᇲ ൫ξ௫ మ ାଵ൯ି௫൫ξ௫ మ ାଵ൯ ඥೣమ శభ ඥೣమ శభ ඥೣమ శభ ଵ
݂ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ మ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ξ௫ మ ାଵ ൫ξ௫ మ ାଵ൯ ௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻξ௫ మ ାଵ
ᇲ
ଷି௫ ᇱ ሺଷି௫ሻᇲ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ିሺଷି௫ሻ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ିଶ௫ሺଷି௫ሻ ି௫ మ ିଵି଺௫ାଶ௫ మ ௫ మ ି଺௫ିଵ
ĚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
௫ మ ାଵ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ
ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ
௫ మ ି଺௫ିଵ ൫௫ మ ି଺௫ିଵ൯ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫௫ మ ି଺௫ିଵ൯ቂ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ቃ
݂ ൌ ቀ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻర
ൌ
మ ᇲ మ
ሺଶ௫ି଺ሻ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫௫ మ ି଺௫ିଵ൯ቂଶ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ቃ ሺଶ௫ି଺ሻ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫௫ మ ି଺௫ିଵ൯ൣସ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯൧
ൌ
ሺଶ௫ି଺ሻ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ିସ௫൫௫ మ ି଺௫ିଵ൯ ଶ௫ య ାଶ௫ି଺௫ మ ି଺ିସ௫ య ାଶସ௫ మ ାସ௫ ିଶ௫ య ାଵ଼௫ మ ା଺௫ି଺

ϭϰϭ͘
ĂͿWŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗


ďͿWŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗
ĐͿ
ĚͿWŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͗

ϭϰϮܲ͘ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳͺ‫ ଺ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ Ͳǡͳሻᇱ ൌ ͳͲͺ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ
ܲᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳͲͺ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሺͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔͻ ש‬ଶ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଵ ଵ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ଷ ଷ
ଵ ଵ
YƵĂĚƌŽĚĞǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞܲĞŵቂ ǡ ቃ͗
ଷ ଶ
‫ݔ‬ ͳ ͳ

͵ ʹ
ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ൅ ൅
ͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ Ͳ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ Ͳ ൅ ൅
ܲᇱ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ DşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ ա DĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞܲ
ͳ ͳ
ܲ ൬ ൰ ൌ െ ସ ൅ Ͳǡͳ ൐ Ͳ
͵ ͵
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ŽŵŽܲĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂ ǡ ቃĞܲ ቀ ቁ ൐ Ͳ͕ܲŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐĞŵቂ ǡ ቃ͘
ଷ ଶ ଷ ଷ ଶ

݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ
ϭϰϯ͘ĂͿhŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ൜
݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ ͳ
KƌĂ͕݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ܾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͵ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹܾ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ͵ܽ െ ʹܾ െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ͵ܽ െ ʹܾ ൌ ͵ ͵ܽ െ ʹܾ ൌ ͵
൜ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฻
݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ ͳ െܽ ൅ ܾ ൅ Ͷ ൌ ͳ െܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ െ͵ ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇧᇥ
െ͵ܽ ൅ ͵ܾ ൌ െͻ
௕ୀି଺
ܾ ൌ െ͸ ܾ ൌ െ͸
฻ቄ ฻ቄ
െܽ െ ͸ ൌ െ͵ ܽ ൌ െ͵


ďͿභ/ŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽƐĚĞŵŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵
ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ
ଷ

ଵ ଵ
݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሿĞĞŵቂെ ǡ ൅λቂĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂെͳǡ െ ቃ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଵଷ ଵ
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂͳĞŵെͳĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂ Ğŵെ ͘
ଽ ଷ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺെͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻᇱ ൌ െͳͺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹ
ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െͳͺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ
ଷ
ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ െͳͺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ
ଷ
ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ െͳͺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ െ
ଷ
ଶ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂെ ǡ ൅λቂĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ଷ
ଶ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵቃെλǡ െ ଷቃ͘
ଶ ଵଵ ଶ ଵଵ
݂ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ͖ŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀെ ǡ ቁĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଷ ଽ ଷ ଽ

WĄŐ͘ϳϰ
ϭϰϰ͘‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ Թ͖݃ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
ଶ௫ మ ାଵ ଵ
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌʹെ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ௫ืേஶ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ
ŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ͕݃ƚĂŶƚŽĞŵെλƋƵĂŶƚŽĞŵ൅λ͕ƚĞŶĚŽͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĂůĠŵĚŝƐƐŽ͕
‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ ʹ͘
KƌĂ͗
ᇱ ᇱ ᇲ
ଵ ଵ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ଶ௫
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀʹ െ ቁ ൌ െ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ൬െ ൰ ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ
௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ାଵ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ
ଶ௫
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
మ
൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ வ଴ǡ‫׊‬௫‫א‬Թ
ଶ௫
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ ൏ Ͳ ฏ
฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ଶ௫
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻమ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
݃ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͲሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
݃ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽŝŐƵĂůĂͳĞŵͲ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ ൌ ሾͳǡ ʹሾ͘


ϭϰϱ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫א ݔ‬ሿ െ λǡ Ͳሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾͶǡ ൅λሾ
ďͿ

‫ݔ‬ െλ Ͳ ʹ ͸ ൅λ

^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐ െ Ͳ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
ĚĞ݂
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
ĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐ ൅ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
ĚĞ݂ ൈ ݂ ᇱᇱ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൈ ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫א ݔ‬ሿ െ λǡ ʹሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾ͸ǡ ൅λሾ

ϭϰϲ͘ĂͿŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĂƐƐŝŶĂůĂĚŽƐ͕ĂƋƵĞůĞƋƵĞƚĞŵŵĂŝŽƌŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂĠ‫ݔ‬ଵ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĚĞĞŶƚƌĞĞƐƐĞƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐ͕
ĠƉĂƌĂ‫ݔ‬ଵ ƋƵĞ݄ᇱ ƚŽŵĂŽŵĂŝŽƌǀĂůŽƌ͘
ďͿŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĂƐƐŝŶĂůĂĚŽƐ͕ĂƋƵĞůĞƐĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ݄ᇱ ƐĞĂŶƵůĂ͕ƚƌŽĐĂŶĚŽĚĞƐŝŶĂů͕ƐĆŽ‫ݔ‬ସ Ğ‫͘ ଺ݔ‬
ĐͿŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĂƐƐŝŶĂůĂĚŽƐ͕ĂƋƵĞůĞƐĞŵƋƵĞ݄ᇱᇱ ĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ƐĆŽĂƋƵĞůĞƐĞŵƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞĂŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄ᇱ ƚĞŵĚĞĐůŝǀĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕‫ ଺ݔ‬Ğ‫͘ ଻ݔ‬

ϭϰϳ͘

WĄŐ͘ϳϱ
ହ଴଴଴୫ୱషభ ିଵ଴଴଴୫ୱషభ
ϭϰϴ͘ĂͿĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽĠĚĂĚĂƉŽƌ ൌ ͶͲͲͲͲͲͲ ିଶ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ͳͲ଺ ିଶ
଴ǡ଴଴ଵୱ
ଵ ଵ
ďͿ݁ ൌ ‫ݒ‬଴ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ܽ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൌ ͳͲͲͲିଵ ൈ ͲǡͲͲͳ ൅ ൈ Ͷ ൈ ͳͲ଺ ିଶ ൈ ͲǡͲͲͳଶ ଶ ൌ
ଶ ଶ
ൌ ሺͳͲͲͲ ൈ ͲǡͲͲͳሻ ൅ ʹ ൈ ͳͲ଺ ൈ ͳͲି଺ ൌ ͳ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͵


ϭϰϵ͘ĂͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͕ƉŽŝƐ݂ĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂů͘
଴
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݕ‬ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ Ͷሻ͘
ସ
௬ୀ௫ మ ௬ୀ௫ మ
ଵ ସ ଶ ଵ ଶ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬
െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ฏ ‫ݕ‬
െ ʹ‫ ݕ‬൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͷ ฻ ฏ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͷ ฻
ସ ସ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݔ‬ŶŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെʹǡ ͲሻĞሺʹǡ Ͳሻ͘
ଵ ᇱ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷቁ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ Ͷ‫ݔ‬
ସ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െʹሿĞĞŵሾͲǡ ʹሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾെʹǡ ͲሿĞĞŵሾʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽŝŐƵĂůĂͲĞŵെʹĞĞŵʹĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂͶĞŵͲ͘
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ Ͷ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ
ଶξଷ ଶξଷ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ݔש‬ ൌ
ଷ ଷ

ଶξଷ ଶξଷ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቃെλǡ െ ቃĞĞŵቂ ǡ ൅λቂĞƚĞŵĂ
ଷ ଷ
ଶξଷ ଶξଷ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂെ ଷ ǡ ଷ ቃ
ଶξଷ ଶ଼ ଶξଷ ଶ଼
KƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀെ ଷ ǡ ቁĞቀ ଷ ǡ ቁƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଽ ଽ
݂ĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂůĚĞŐƌĂƵƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĂŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘



y
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3

ďͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͕ƉŽŝƐ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ് Ͳ͘
ସൈ଴
ଵା଴
ᇱ ᇲ
ସ௫ ሺସ௫ሻᇲ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ିସ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ସ௫ మ ାସି଼௫ మ ିସ௫ మ ାସ
ିସ௫ మ ାସ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െͶ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ
ାଵሻమ
݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െͳሿĞĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾെͳǡ ͳሿ͘

݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂെʹĞŵെͳĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂʹĞŵͳ͘
ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ మ
ସିସ௫ మ ൫ସିସ௫ మ ൯ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫ସିସ௫ మ ൯ቂ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ቃ ି଼௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫ସିସ௫ మ ൯ሾଶ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ଶ௫ሿ
ൌ
మ
ି଼௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି൫ସିସ௫ మ ൯ସ௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ି଼௫൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ି൫ସିସ௫ మ ൯ସ௫ ଼௫ య ିଶସ௫
ൌ మ
ሺ௫ ାଵሻ ర ൌ మ
ሺ௫ ାଵሻ య ൌ ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻయ

଼௫ య ିଶସ௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ మ య ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ʹͶ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ് Ͳ ฻ ͺ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ାଵሻ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ξ͵


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ െξ͵ሿĞĞŵൣͲǡ ξ͵൧ĞƚĞŵĂ

ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሾെξ͵ǡ ͲሿĞĞŵሾξ͵ǡ ൅λሾ͘
KƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ൫െξ͵ǡ െξ͵൯͕ሺͲǡ ͲሻĞ൫ξ͵ǡ ξ͵൯ƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĚŽŵşŶŝŽԹĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
ସ௫ ସ௫ ସ
௫ืേஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืേஶ మ ൌ ௫ืേஶ మ ൌ ௫ืേஶ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ାଵ ௫ ௫
y
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
−2
3


ĐͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬ଶ െ Ͷ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌሿ െ λǡ െʹሾ‫׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞͲ ‫ܦ ב‬௙ ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫͘ݕ‬
௫మ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ξ௫ మ ିସ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫͘ݔ‬
మೣ ೣయ
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ ଶ௫ξ௫ మ ିସି௫ మ ൈ ଶ௫ξ௫ మ ିସି
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ௫మ ൫௫ మ ൯ ൈξ௫ మ ିସି௫ మ ൈ൫ξ௫ మ ିସ൯ మඥೣమ షర ඥೣమ షర
݂ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ξ௫ మ ିସ ௫ మ ିସ ௫ మ ିସ ௫ మ ିସ
మೣ൫ೣమ షర൯షೣయ
ඥೣమ షర ௫ య ି଼௫ ௫൫௫ మ ି଼൯
ൌ ൌ ൌ
௫ మ ିସ ሺ௫ మ ିସሻξ௫ మ ିସ ሺ௫ మ ିସሻξ௫ మ ିସ
௫൫௫ మ ି଼൯
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͺሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫א ݔ ר‬ሿ െ λǡ െʹሾ‫׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ฻
ሺ௫ మ ିସሻξ௫ మ ିସ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹξʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹξʹ

ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ െʹξʹሿĞĞŵሿʹǡ ʹξʹሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾെʹξʹǡ െʹሾĞĞŵ
΀ʹξʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽŝŐƵĂůĂͶĞŵെʹξʹĞĞŵʹξʹ͘
ᇱ
௫ య ି଼௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ

ᇲ ᇲ
൫௫ య ି଼௫൯ ൫௫ మ ିସ൯ξ௫ మ ିସି൫௫ య ି଼௫൯ൣ൫௫ మ ିସ൯ξ௫ మ ିସ൧ ᇱ య ᇱ
ൌ ሺ௫ మ ିସሻయ
ൌ ͮൣሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷሻξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ൧ ൌ ቂሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷሻమ ቃ ൌ
భ
ଷ
ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷሻమ ൈ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵‫ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ
ଶ
൫ଷ௫ మ ି଼൯൫௫ మ ିସ൯ξ௫ మ ିସି൫௫ య ି଼௫൯൫ଷ௫ξ௫ మ ିସ൯ ξ௫ మ ିସൈൣ൫ଷ௫ మ ି଼൯൫௫ మ ିସ൯ିଷ௫൫௫ య ି଼௫൯൧
ൌ
ξ௫ మ ିସൈ൫ସ௫ మ ାଷଶ൯ ସ௫ మ ାଷଶ
ൌ మ
ሺ௫ ିସሻξ௫ మ ିସ
మ
ସ௫ ାଷଶ
ᇱᇱ ଶ
݂ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫א ݔ ר‬ሿ െ λǡ െʹሾ‫׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂŶŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐſĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐ


‫ݔ‬ଶ Ͷ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ൌ ൅λ ൌ
௫ืିଶ ௫ืିଶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ Ͳା
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
‫ݔ‬ଶ Ͷ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ శ ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ืଶ ଶ
௫ืଶ ξ‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ಮ ಮ
ೣమ
ಮ ಮ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ඥೣమ షర ௫ ௫ ଵ
௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ െͳ
௫ ௫ ξ௫ మ ିସ ర
ି௫ටଵି మ ିටଵି మ
ర
ೣ ೣ
ஶିஶ
௫మ
௫ืିஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺെͳሻ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቂ ฎ
൅ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ
ξ௫ మ ିସ
ೣర ೣర
ஶିஶ ቆට మ ା௫ቇቆට మ ି௫ቇ ೣర
௫ర ೣ షర ೣ షర ି௫ మ
ೣమ షర
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቆට మ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቇ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ
௫ ିସ ర ర
ට మೣ ି௫ ට మೣ ି௫
ೣ షర ೣ షర
రೣమ భల
ସା మ ସା଴ ସ
ೣమ షర
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ೣ షర
ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ర ర ାஶିሺିஶሻ ାஶ
ට మೣ ି௫ ට మೣ ି௫
ೣ షర ೣ షర
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ݔ‬ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
ĞŵŽĚŽŝĚġŶƚŝĐŽƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂
Ğŵ൅λ͘
ĚͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ʹ ׷‬െ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ‬ሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼʹሽ͘
଴మ ିଵ ଵ ଵ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݕ‬ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀͲǡ െ ቁ͘
ଶି଴ ଶ ଶ
௫ మ ିଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽ
ൌ
ଶି௫
ĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŶŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെͳǡ ͲሻĞሺͳǡ Ͳሻ͘
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ మ ିଵ ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ሺଶି௫ሻି൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ሺଶି௫ሻᇲ ଶ௫ሺଶି௫ሻି൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ሺିଵሻ ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ଶି௫ ቁ ൌ ሺଶି௫ሻమ


ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶି௫ሻమ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬െ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ξ͵
݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹ െ ξ͵ሿĞĞŵሾʹ ൅ ξ͵ǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾʹ െ ξ͵ǡ ʹሾĞĞŵ

ሿʹǡʹ ൅ ξ͵ሿ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂʹξ͵ െ ͶĞŵʹ െ ξ͵ĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂ
െʹξ͵ െ ͶĞŵʹ ൅ ξ͵͘
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ ൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ൯ ሺଶି௫ሻమ ି൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ൯ൣሺଶି௫ሻమ ൧
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ሺଶି௫ሻ మ ቁ ൌ ሺଶି௫ሻర
ൌ
ሺିଶ௫ାସሻሺଶି௫ሻమ ି൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ൯ሾିଶሺଶି௫ሻሿ ሺିଶ௫ାସሻሺଶି௫ሻమ ାଶ൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ൯ሺଶି௫ሻ
ൌ
ሺିଶ௫ାସሻሺଶି௫ሻାଶ൫ି௫ మ ାସ௫ିଵ൯ ିସ௫ାଶ௫ మ ା଼ିସ௫ିଶ௫ మ ା଼௫ିଶ ଺
଺
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶି௫ሻయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͸ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬െ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ‬฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻଷ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻଷ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿʹǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹሾ͘
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
௫ మ ିଵ ଷ ௫ మ ିଵ ଷ
௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ൌ శ ൌ ൅λĞ௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ൌ ൌ െλ
ଶି௫ ଴ ଶି௫ ଴ష
ಮ
ೣమ షభ ಮ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௫ మ ିଵ ௫మ
௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืାஶ మషೣ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ି௫మ ൌ െͳ
௫ ଶ௫ି௫ మ
௫ మ ିଵ ௫ మ ିଵାଶ௫ି௫ మ
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺെͳሻ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ଶି௫ ଶି௫
ಮ
ಮ
ିଵାଶ௫ ଶ௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ଶି௫ ൌ ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ െʹ
ି௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬േĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘
ĞŵŽĚŽĂŶĄůŽŐŽƐĞƉƌŽǀĂƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘


ĞͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ׷‬ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼʹሽ͘
ଶൈ଴య
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ሺ଴ିଶሻమ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂĂŵďŽƐŽƐĞŝǆŽƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ Ͳሻ͘
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
ଶ௫ య ൫ଶ௫ య ൯ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ ିଶ௫ య ൣሺ௫ିଶሻమ ൧ ଺௫ మ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ ିସ௫ య ሺ௫ିଶሻ ଺௫ మ ሺ௫ିଶሻିସ௫ య
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ௫ିଶሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻర
ൌ
య మ
଺௫ ିଵଶ௫ ିସ௫ య య
ଶ௫ ିଵଶ௫ మ మ
ଶ௫ ሺ௫ି଺ሻ
ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻయ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻయ
ଶ௫ మ ሺ௫ି଺ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ିଶሻయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଷ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͸

݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ʹሾĞĞŵሾ͸ǡ ൅λሾĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿʹǡ ͸ሿ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽŝŐƵĂůĂʹ͹Ğŵ͸ĞŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞŵĄǆŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
ଶ௫ య ିଵଶ௫ మ ൫ଶ௫ య ିଵଶ௫ మ ൯ ሺ௫ିଶሻయ ି൫ଶ௫ య ିଵଶ௫ మ ൯ൣሺ௫ିଶሻయ ൧
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ሺ௫ିଶሻయ
ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻల
ൌ
൫଺௫ మ ିଶସ௫൯ሺ௫ିଶሻయ ି൫ଶ௫ య ିଵଶ௫ మ ൯ൈଷሺ௫ିଶሻమ ൫଺௫ మ ିଶସ௫൯ሺ௫ିଶሻି൫ଶ௫ య ିଵଶ௫ మ ൯ൈଷ
ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻల
ൌ
଺௫ య ିଵଶ௫ మ ିଶସ௫ మ ାସ଼௫ି଺௫ య ାଷ଺௫ మ ସ଼௫
ସ଼௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ିଶሻర ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷͺ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ר‬ െ ʹ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫Ͳ א ݔ‬
݂ ൏ Ͳ ฻ Ͷͺ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ʹ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ Ͷͺ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ʹ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ʹ ് ݔ ר‬


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͲሿĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሾͲǡ ʹሾĞĞŵሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
KƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ͲሻĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଶ௫ య ଵ଺ ଶ௫ య ଵ଺
௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ሺ௫ିଶሻమ ൌ ൌ ൅λĞ௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ሺ௫ିଶሻమ ൌ ൌ ൅λ
଴శ ଴శ
ಮ
మೣయ ಮ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ሺೣషమሻమ ଶ௫ మ ଶ௫ మ ଶ௫ మ
௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ሺ௫ିଶሻమ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ௫ మ ିସ௫ାସ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ʹ
௫ ௫ ௫మ
ଶ௫ య ଶ௫ య
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂሺ௫ିଶሻమ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ
௫ మ ିସ௫ାସ
ಮ
ಮ
଼௫ మ ି଼௫ ଼௫ మ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ௫ మ ିସ௫ାସ ൌฎ ௫ืାஶ ௫ మ ൌ ͺ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘
ĞŵŽĚŽĂŶĄůŽŐŽƐĞƉƌŽǀĂƋƵĞĞƐƚĂƌĞƚĂƚĂŵďĠŵĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
ĨͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ʹ ׷‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թ͘
଴మ
ଶା଴మ
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
௫మ ൫௫ మ ൯ ൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ି௫ మ ൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ ଶ௫൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ି௫ మ ሺଶ௫ሻ ସ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀଶା௫మ ቁ ൌ ሺଶା௫ మ ሻమ
ൌ ሺଶା௫ మ ሻమ
ൌ ሺଶା௫మ ሻమ
ସ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶା௫మ ሻమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬൅ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ

݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͲሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽŝŐƵĂůĂͲĞŵͲĞŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞŵĄǆŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘
మ మ ᇲ మ
ସ௫ ᇱ ሺସ௫ሻᇲ ൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ ିସ௫ቂ൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ ቃ ସ൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ ିସ௫ൣଶ൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ൈሺଶ௫ሻ൧
݂ ൌ ቀሺଶା௫మ ሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺଶା௫ మ ሻర
ൌൌ ሺଶା௫ మ ሻర
ൌ

ସ൫ସାସ௫ మ ା௫ ర ൯ିଵ଺௫ మ ൫ଶା௫ మ ൯ ଵ଺ାଵ଺௫ మ ାସ௫ ర ିଷଶ௫ మ ିଵ଺௫ ర ିଵଶ௫ ర ିଵ଺௫ మ ାଵ଺
ൌ ሺଶା௫ మ ሻర
ൌ
ଶ
ͮെͳʹܽଶ െ ͳ͸ܽ ൅ ͳ͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܽ ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ଷ
మ
ିଵଶ൫௫ మ ାଶ൯ቀ௫ మ ି ቁ ିଵଶ௫ మ ା଼
య
ൌ ሺଶା௫ మ ሻయ

ିଵଶ௫ మ ା଼ ଶ ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶା௫ మ ሻయ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ െͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െට ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ට
ଷ ଷ

ଶ ଶ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ቉െλǡ െට ቉ĞĞŵቈට ǡ ൅λቈĞƚĞŵĂ
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଶ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቈെට ǡ ට ቉͘
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଵ ଶ ଵ
KƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቆെට ǡ ቇĞቆට ǡ ቇƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଷ ସ ଷ ସ
ƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů͘
ಮ
ಮ
௫మ ௫మ
௫ืേஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืേஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืേஶ ௫ మ ൌ ͳ
ଶା௫ మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĞŵെλĞĞŵ൅λ͘


ϭϱϬ͘භĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƌĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌ
௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሺʹሻ͘
KƌĂ͕
௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ܾሻ ൌ Ͷ െ ܾ
௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻ ൌ ʹܽ െ ͵
݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹܽ െ ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሺʹሻ ฻ Ͷ െ ܾ ൌ ʹܽ െ ͵ ฻ ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹܽ͘
භWĂƌĂƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĚĞ݂ĞŵʹƚĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƌ݂ ᇱ ሺʹି ሻ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺʹା ሻ͘
KƌĂ͕
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺଶሻ ௫ మ ି௕ିሺଶ௔ିଷሻ ௫ మ ିሺ଻ିଶ௔ሻିଶ௔ାଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺʹି ሻ ൌ ష ௫ିଶ
ൌ శ ௫ିଶ
ൌ శ
௫ିଶ
ൌ
௫ืଶ ௫ืଶ ௫ืଶ
బ
బ
௫ మ ିସ
ൌ శ ฎ శሺ‫ݔ‬
ൌ ൅ ʹሻ ൌ Ͷ
௫ืଶ ௫ିଶ ௫ืଶ
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺଶሻ ௔௫ିଷିሺଶ௔ିଷሻ ௔௫ିଶ௔ ௔ሺ௫ିଶሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺʹା ሻ ൌ శ ௫ିଶ
ൌ శ ௫ିଶ
ൌ శ ൌ శ ൌ శܽ ൌ ܽ
௫ืଶ ௫ืଶ ௫ืଶ ௫ିଶ ௫ืଶ ௫ିଶ ௫ืଶ
ᇱ ሺʹି ሻ ᇱ ሺʹା ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ൌ݂ ฻ ܽ ൌ Ͷ͘
ŽŵŽܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹ͕ܽƚĞŵͲƐĞܾ ൌ െͳ͘

ϭϱϭ͘ĂͿ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൌ ݇ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ሺͳ ൅ ݇ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ሺͳ ൅ ݇ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଵേඥଵାସሺଵା௞ሻ ଵേξସ௞ାହ
฻ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ଶ
฻ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ଶ

ହ ଵାξସ௞ାହ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൒ െ ͕ĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ
ସ ଶ
ଵାξସ௞ାହ
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ĠƉŽƐƐşǀĞů
ଶ
ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĠŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞůƉĂƌĂͶ݇ ൅ ͷ ൏ Ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƉĂƌĂ݇ ‫ א‬ቃെλǡ െ ቂ͘
ସ
ďͿ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൐ ܽ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ሺͳ ൅ ܽሻ ൐ Ͳ

WĂƌĂĐĂĚĂǀĂůŽƌƌĞĂůĚĞ͕ܽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ሺͳ ൅ ܽሻĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ
ƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂůĚĞŐƌĂƵϰĞĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉĂƌ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ ͲĠĂƌĞƵŶŝĆŽĚĞƚƌġƐŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽƐĚŝƐũƵŶƚŽƐƐĞĞƐſƐĞ
ŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĨŽƌĚĞƵŵĚŽƐƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƐĚŽŝƐƚŝƉŽƐ͗
y y
1.5 1.5
0.8 0.8
x x
−1 1 2 −1 1 2

KƵƐĞũĂ͗ƚĂůĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞƐĞĞƐſƐĞ݃ƚĞŵĞǆĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĚŽŝƐǌĞƌŽƐŽƵĞǆĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞƋƵĂƚƌŽǌĞƌŽƐ͘
ଵേξସ௔ାହ
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ሺͳ ൅ ܽሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ଶ
͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͗
ହ
භ݃ƚĞŵĞǆĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĚŽŝƐǌĞƌŽƐƐĞĞƐſƐĞͶܽ ൅ ͷ ൌ Ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſƐĞܽ ൌ െ ସ͘
ହ
භ݃ƚĞŵĞǆĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞƋƵĂƚƌŽǌĞƌŽƐƐĞĞƐſƐĞͲ ൏ Ͷܽ ൅ ͷ ൏ ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſƐĞെ ସ ൏ ܽ ൏ െͳ͘
ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܽ ‫ א‬ቂെ ǡ െͳቂ͘
ସ


ϭϱϮ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳͺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൅ ͳ

WĄŐ͘ϳϲ
ϭϱϯ͘


ϭϱϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽ͗
തതതത ൈ ܲܵ
ƌĞĂĚĂũĂŶĞůĂൌ ܴܵ തതതത
തതതത
^ĞũĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ܵ‫ܪ‬Ğ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂǀĂůŽƌĚĞ‫͕ݔ‬ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌ‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻĂĄƌĞĂĚĂũĂŶĞůĂ͘

dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
തതതത ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬
භܴܵ
തതതത
௉ௌ ௕ തതതത
௉ௌ ௕ തതതത
௉ௌ ଶ௕ ௔ ଶ௕ ଶ௕
භതതതത ൌ ೌ ฻ೌ ൌ ೌ ฻ೌ ൌ തതതത ൌ ቀ െ ‫ݔ‬ቁ
฻ ܲܵ തതതത ൌ ܾ െ
฻ ܲܵ ‫ݔ‬
஻ௌ ି௫ ି௫ ௔ ଶ ௔ ௔
మ మ మ మ
KƌĂ͕
ଶ௕ ସ௕
തതതത ൈ തതതത
භ‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܴܵ ܲܵ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ቀܾ െ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ʹܾ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
௔ ௔
ସ௕ ଶ ᇱ ଼௕
භ‫ܣ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀʹܾ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ʹܾ െ ‫ݔ‬
௔ ௔
଼௕ ௔
භ‫ܣ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹܾ െ ‫ݔ‬
ൌͲ฻ ‫ݔ‬ൌ
௔ ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐĚŝŵĞŶƐƁĞƐĚĂũĂŶĞůĂƋƵĞƚĞŵĄƌĞĂŵĄǆŝŵĂƐĆŽ͗
തതതത ൌ ʹ ൈ ௔ ൌ ௔
භܴܵ ସ ଶ
തതതത ൌ ܾ െ ଶ௕ ൈ ௔ ൌ ܾ െ ௕ ൌ ௕
භܲܵ
௔ ସ ଶ ଶ


ͨKƐƐĞŝƐŵĂŝƐͩ

ϭϱϱ͘

ϭϱϲ͘


ϭϱϳ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ

ϭϱϴ͘


ϭϱϵ͘

ଵ ᇱ ଵ
ϭϲϬ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ
௫ ௫మ
ᇲ
ଵ ᇱ ି൫௫ మ ൯ ିଶ௫ ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െ ൬ ௫ర ൰ ൌ െ ቀ ర ቁ ൌ
௫మ ௫ ௫య
ᇲ
ଶ ᇱ ିଶ൫௫ య ൯ ି଺௫ మ ଺
݂ ᇱᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ య ቁ ൌ ௫ ల ൌ ௫ ల ൌ െ ర
௫ ௫


ሺିଵሻ೙ ௡Ǩ
ďͿĐŽŵƉƌĞĞŶƐşǀĞůƉƌŽĚƵǌŝƌĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞĐŽŶũĞƚƵƌĂ݂͗ ሺ௡ሻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ೙శభ
௫
ĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂĕĆŽĚĞƋƵĞĂŝŐƵĂůĚĂĚĞĠǀĄůŝĚĂƉĂƌĂƚŽĚŽŽŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂů݊͗

dĞŵĂϰͮ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐĞ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐ>ŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂƐ

ϭ͘:ƵƌŽƐĐŽŵƉŽƐƚŽƐĞŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞEĞƉĞƌ

WĄŐ͘ϴϭ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍:ƵƌŽƐĐŽŵƉŽƐƚŽƐ
• Decorrido um ano, o capital é igual a C0 + 0,02 × C0 euros, ou seja:
C1 = C0 (1 + 0, 02) = C0 ×1,02
• Decorridos dois anos, o capital é igual a C1 + 0,02 × C1 , ou seja:
C2 = C1 (1 + 0, 02) = C1 × 1, 02 = C0 × 1, 02 × 1, 02 = C0 × 1, 02 2
• Decorridos três anos, o capital é igual a C2 + 0, 02 × C2 , ou seja:
C3 = C 2 (1 + 0, 02) = C2 × 1, 02 = C0 × 1, 02 2 × 1, 02 = C0 × 1, 023
• Decorridos n anos, o capital é igual a Cn + 0, 02 × Cn , ou seja:
Cn = Cn −1 (1 + 0, 02) = Cn −1 × 1, 02 = C0 × 1, 02 n −1 × 1, 02 = C0 × 1, 02 n

ϭ͘ŽĨŝŵĚĞƵŵĂŶŽ͕ŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂͷͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷ͘
ŽĨŝŵĚĞĚŽŝƐĂŶŽƐ͕ŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂሺͷͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷሻ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷ ൌ ͷͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷଶ ͘
ŽĨŝŵĚĞƚƌġƐĂŶŽƐ͕ŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂሺͷͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷሻ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷ ൌ ͷͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷଶ͘
ŽĨŝŵĚĞƋƵĂƚƌŽĂŶŽƐ͕ŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂͷͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷସ ൎ ͷͷͳǡͻͳĞƵƌŽƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϴϮ
Ϯ͘ĂͿͺͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳͻ ൎ ͺͳͷǡʹͲĞƵƌŽƐ
ďͿͺͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳͻଷ െ ͺͲͲ ൎ Ͷ͸ǡͶ͹ĞƵƌŽƐ
ĐͿͺͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳͻ௡ ǡ ݊ ‫ א‬Գ଴
ĚͿͺͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳͻ௡ ൐ ͳͲͲͲ ฻ ͳǡͲͳͻ௡ ൐ ͳǡʹͷ

dĞŵͲƐĞͳǡͲͳͻଵଵ ൎ ͳǡʹ͵ͲĞͳǡͲͳͻଵଶ ൎ ͳǡʹͷ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƐƉŽƐƚĂĠͨŽĨŝŵĚĞĚŽǌĞĂŶŽƐͩ͘

ϯ͘ĞĐŽƌƌĞƌĂŵĞǆĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĚŽŝƐĂŶŽƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ
ʹͶͲͲ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ݐ‬ሻଶ ൌ ʹͷʹͳǡͷǡ ‫ ݐ‬൐ Ͳ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ʹͶͲͲ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ݐ‬ሻଶ ൌ ʹͷʹͳǡͷ ฻ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ݐ‬ሻଶ ൌ ͳǡͲͷͲ͸ʹͷ ฻ ͳ ൅ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳǡͲʹͷ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͲǡͲʹͷ
ƚĂǆĂĨŽŝĚĞʹǡͷΨ͘


ϰ͘଴ ൈ ͳǡͲʹ௡ ൐ ʹ଴ ฻ ͳǡͲʹ௡ ൐ ʹ
dĞŵͲƐĞͳǡͲʹଷହ ൎ ͳǡͻͻͻĞͳǡͲʹଷ଺ ൎ ʹǡͲ͵ͻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƐϯϲĂŶŽƐ

^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ŝǀŝĚŝŶĚŽƵŵĂƚĂǆĂĂŶƵĂů
sĞũĂŵŽƐŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽĂŽĨŝŵĚĞƵŵĂŶŽĐŽŵĂƚĂǆĂĚĞϰйĂŽĂŶŽ͗
Ͷ ଵ
‫ܥ‬ଵ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͶଵ ൌ ͳͲͶͲ
ͳͲͲ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ƚĞƌŝĂĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽϭϬϰϬΦ͘

sĞũĂŵŽƐŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽĂŽĨŝŵĚĞƵŵĂŶŽĐŽŵĂƚĂǆĂĚĞϭйĂŽƚƌŝŵĞƐƚƌĞ͘
EŽĨŝŵĚŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƚƌŝŵĞƐƚƌĞƚĞƌŝĂĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽ͗
ͳ ଵ
‫ܥ‬ଵ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳଵ ൌ ͳͲͳͲ
ͳͲͲ
EŽĨŝŵĚŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƚƌŝŵĞƐƚƌĞƚĞƌŝĂĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽ͗
ͳ ଶ
‫ܥ‬ଶ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳଶ ൌ ͳͲʹͲǡͳͲ
ͳͲͲ
EŽĨŝŵĚŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽƚƌŝŵĞƐƚƌĞƚĞƌŝĂĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽ͗
ͳ ଷ
‫ܥ‬ଷ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳଷ ൎ ͳͲ͵Ͳǡ͵Ͳ
ͳͲͲ
EŽĨŝŵĚŽƋƵĂƌƚŽƚƌŝŵĞƐƚƌĞƚĞƌŝĂĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽ͗
ͳ ସ
‫ܥ‬ସ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲͳସ ൎ ͳͲͶͲǡ͸Ͳ
ͳͲͲ

ŽŶĐůƵşŵŽƐ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ƋƵĞĂƉƌŽƉŽƐƚĂĚĂĞĂƚƌŝǌĠĂŵĂŝƐǀĂŶƚĂũŽƐĂ͕ĂŝŶĚĂƋƵĞƐĞũĂƵŵĂǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŵŵƵŝƚŽ
ƉĞƋƵĞŶĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϴϯ
ϱ͘ͲǡͳͷΨ ൈ ͳʹ ൌ ͳǡͺΨ

଴ǡ଴ଶ ଵଶ ଴ǡ଴ଶଵ ଶ
ϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞͳͲͲͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൎ ͳͲʹͲͳǡͺͶĞƵƌŽƐĞͳͲͲͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൎ ͳͲʹͳͳǡͳͲĞƵƌŽƐ͕
ଵଶ ଶ
ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂŵŽĚĂůŝĚĂĚĞĠŵĂŝƐǀĂŶƚĂũŽƐĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϴϰ
଴ǡ଴ଵ଼ ସ଴
ϳ͘ĂͿ͹ͷͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൎ ͺͻ͹ͷǡͷͳĞƵƌŽƐ
ସ
଴ǡ଴ଵ଼ ଶ଴
ďͿ͹ͷͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൎ ͺͻ͹ͳǡͻͲĞƵƌŽƐ
ଶ


^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍dĂǆĂĚĞũƵƌŽĂŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ
ϭĂŶŽƚĞŵ͗
• ϮൈϲŵĞƐĞƐ
• ϭϮŵĞƐĞƐ
• ϯϲϱĚŝĂƐ
• ͵͸ͷ ൈ ʹͶ ൌ ͺ͹͸Ͳ
• ͺ͹͸Ͳ ൈ ͸Ͳ ൌϱϮϱϲϬϬŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ
• ͷʹͷ͸ͲͲ ൈ ͸Ͳ ൌ ͵ͳͷ͵͸ͲͲͲ

ͳͲͲ ଶ ͳ ଶ
‫ܥ‬ଶ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ʹʹͷ
ͳͲͲ ൈ ʹ ʹ
ଵଶ
ͳͲͲ ͳ ଶ
‫ܥ‬ଵଶ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൎ ʹ͸ͳǡ͵Ͳ
ͳͲͲ ൈ ͳʹ ͳʹ
ଷ଺ହ
ͳͲͲ ͳ ଷ଺ହ
‫ܥ‬ଷ଺ହ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൎ ʹ͹ͳǡͶ͸
ͳͲͲ ൈ ͵͸ͷ ͵͸ͷ
଼଻଺଴
ͳͲͲ ͳ ଼଻଺଴
‫଺଻଼ܥ‬଴ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൎ ʹ͹ͳǡͺͳ
ͳͲͲ ൈ ͺ͹͸Ͳ ͺ͹͸Ͳ

ହଶହ଺଴଴ ହଶହ଺଴଴
ͳͲͲ ͳ
‫ܥ‬ହଶହ଺଴଴ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൎ ʹ͹ͳǡͺ͵
ͳͲͲ ൈ ͷʹͷ͸ͲͲ ͷʹͷ͸ͲͲ

ଷଵହଷ଺଴଴଴
ͳͲͲ
‫ܥ‬ଷଵହଷ଺଴଴଴ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൌ
ͳͲͲ ൈ ͵ͳͷ͵͸ͲͲͲ
ଷଵହଷ଺଴଴଴
ͳ
ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൎ ʹ͹ͳǡͺ͵
͵ͳͷ͵͸ͲͲͲ

WŽĚĞŵŽƐ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƉƌĞĞŶĐŚĞƌĂƚĂďĞůĂ͗

ĂƉŝƚĂůĚŝƐƉŽŶşǀĞůŶŽĨŝŵĚŽĂŶŽ
d Ŷ ;ĞŵĞƵƌŽƐ͕ĂƌƌĞĚŽŶĚĂĚŽĂŽĐġŶƚŝŵŽͿ
ϲŵĞƐĞƐ Ϯ ϮϮϱ
ϭŵġƐ ϭϮ Ϯϲϭ͕ϯϬ
ϭĚŝĂ ϯϲϱ Ϯϳϭ͕ϰϲ
ϭŚŽƌĂ ϴϳϲϬ Ϯϳϭ͕ϴϭ
ϭŵŝŶƵƚŽ ϱϮϱϲϬϬ Ϯϳϭ͕ϴϯ
ϭƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ ϯϭϱϯϲϬϬϬ Ϯϳϭ͕ϴϯ

ĂŽďƐĞƌǀĂĕĆŽĚĂƚĂďĞůĂ͕ĂƉĂƌĞŶƚĞŵĞŶƚĞ͕ŽƐϭϬϬĞƵƌŽƐĚĞƉŽƐŝƚĂĚŽƐƉĞůĂĞĂƚƌŝǌƉĞůŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽ
ĚĞƵŵĂŶŽŶƵŶĐĂĐŚĞŐĂŵĂĂƚŝŶŐŝƌŽƐϮϳϮΦ͘


WĄŐ͘ϴϲ
ଵ ௡ ଵ ௡
ϴ͘ ቂͳͲͲ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ቃ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͳͲͲ݁ ൎ ʹ͹ͳǡͺ͵
௡ ௡

௡ାଵ ௡ ଵ ௡
ϵ͘ĂͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁
௡ ௡
భ మ
ଵ ଶି௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ଵ
ďͿ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ೙
భ ೙
ൌ
௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ௘
೙
ଶ ௡
ĐͿ ቀʹ ൅ ௡ቁ ൌ ʹାஶ

WĄŐ͘ϴϳ
ϭϬ͘;Ϳ
KĐĂƉŝƚĂůĂĐƵŵƵůĂĚŽĂŽĨŝŵĚĞ݊ĂŶŽƐĠĚĂĚŽƉŽƌ଴ ൈ ͳǡͲͳ͵௡ ͕ƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂůĚĞƵŵĂƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĆŽ
ŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĚĞƌĂǌĆŽͳǡͲͳ͵͘

଴ǡ଴଼ ଶ
ϭϭ͘ĂͿͳͲͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͳͲͺͳǡ͸ͲĞƵƌŽƐ
ଶ
଴ǡ଴଼ ଺
ďͿͳͲͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൎ ͳͲͺʹǡ͹ͳĞƵƌŽƐ
଺
଴ǡ଴଼ ଵଶ
ĐͿͳͲͲͲ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൎ ͳͲͺ͵ǡͲͲĞƵƌŽƐ
ଵଶ

భఴ భఴ
ϭϮ͘଴ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ݐ‬ሻଵ଼ ൌ ʹ଴ ฻ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ݐ‬ሻଵ଼ ൌ ʹ ฻ ͳ ൅ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ξʹ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ξʹ െ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͲǡͲ͵ͻ͘
ƚĂǆĂĨŽŝĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂůĂ͵ǡͻΨ͘

ϭϯ͘hŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ଴ ൈ ሺͳ െ ͲǡͲʹሻ௡ ൌ Ͳǡͺ଴͘
଴ ൈ ሺͳ െ ͲǡͲʹሻ௡ ൌ Ͳǡͺ଴ ฻ Ͳǡͻͺ௡ ൌ Ͳǡͺ
dĞŵͲƐĞͲǡͻͺଵଵ ൎ ͲǡͺͲͳĞͲǡͻͺଵଶ ൎ Ͳǡ͹ͺͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĚĞǀĞĚĞĐŽƌƌĞƌƵŵƉŽƵĐŽŵĂŝƐĚŽƋƵĞϭϭĂŶŽƐ͘


ϭϰ͘^ĞũĂ݊ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƌƌĞŐĂŵĞŶƚŽƐƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚŽ͘
೙
hŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠͳ͵Ͳ ൈ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡͳሻమబ ൏ ʹͶ͘
೙ ೙
ͳʹͲ ൈ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡͳሻమబ ൏ ʹͶ ฻ Ͳǡͻమబ ൏ ͲǡͳͺͶ͸
యమబ యమభ
dĞŵͲƐĞͲǡͻ మబ ൎ Ͳǡͳͺͷ͵ĞͲǡͻ మబ ൎ ͲǡͳͺͶ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂďĂƚĞƌŝĂƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĐĂƌƌĞŐĂĚĂĂƚĠ
ϯϮϬǀĞǌĞƐ͘

௧ ଵଶ
ϭϱ͘hŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ଴ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹ଴͘
ଵଶ
௧ ଵଶ ௧ ଵଶ ௧ భమ భమ
଴ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ଵଶቁ ൌ ʹ଴ ฻ ቀͳ ൅
ଵଶ
ቁ ൌʹ ฻ͳ൅
ଵଶ
ൌ ξʹ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳʹ൫ ξʹ െ ͳ൯
భమ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞͳʹ൫ ξʹ െ ͳ൯ ൎ Ͳǡ͹ͳ͵͸͕ŽǀĂůŽƌŵşŶŝŵŽƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚŽĠ͹ʹΨ͘

ଷ
ଵ ଷ௡ ଵ ௡
ϭϲ͘ĂͿ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ቂቀͳ ൅ ቁ ቃ ൌ ݁ ଷ
௡ ௡
ଵ ି௡ ଵ ଵ
ďͿ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ భ ೙
ൌ ൌ ݁ ିଵ
௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ௘
೙
ିଵ
ଵ ି௡ ଵ ௡
ĞŽƵƚƌŽŵŽĚŽ͗ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ቂቀͳ ൅ ቁ ቃ ൌ ݁ ିଵ
௡ ௡
భ ೙
௡ ଶି௡ ௡ାଵ ௡ିଶ ଵ ௡ିଶ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ௘
ĐͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ೙
భ మ
ൌ ൌ ݁
௡ାଵ ௡ ௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ଵ
೙
௡ାଵ ௡ ଵ ାஶ
ĚͿ ቀ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ௡ ଶ
ଷାଷ௡ ௡ାଵ
ĞͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͵ାஶ ൌ ൅λ
௡
మ
భ మ೙ భ ೙
ଵ ଶ௡ିଷ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ୪୧୫൤ቀଵା ቁ ൨ ௘మ
೙
ĨͿ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ೙
భ య
ൌ భ య
ൌ ൌ ݁ ଶ
௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ଵ
೙ ೙

ϭϳ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ௡
dĞŵͲƐĞ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁ ି ͘
௡
KƌĂ͕ƐſƉĂƌĂĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ௫ื௘ ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൅λ͘


Ϯ͘&ƵŶĕƁĞƐĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐ

WĄŐ͘ϴϵ
ଵ ଵ ଷ ିଶ ସ ଶ ଵ ିଷ
ϭϴ͘ĂͿ͵ିଵ ൌ ቀ ቁ ďͿቀ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ĐͿቀ ቁ ൌ ʹଷ
ଷ ସ ଷ ଶ

భ భ
భ య
ర ర ଶ ିమ ଷ మ ଷ
ϭϵ͘ĂͿͷమ ൌ ξͷ ďͿʹర ൌ ξʹଷ ൌ ξͺ ĐͿቀ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌට
ଷ ଶ ଶ

ଵ భ య ଵ ିଶ మ
ϮϬ͘ĂͿට ൌ ξ͵ିଵ ൌ ͵ିమ
య
ďͿ ටቀ ቁ ൌ ξͶଶ ൌ Ͷయ
ଷ ସ

WĄŐ͘ϵϬ
ଵ ିଷ
Ϯϭ͘ĂͿͳ͸ ൌ Ͷଶ ďͿͺ ൌ ʹଷ ൌ ቀ ቁ ĐͿͳ ൌ ሺെʹሻ଴
ଶ
ଷ య
ଵ ଵ
ĚͿͺ ൌ ʹଷ ൌ ξͶ ൌ Ͷమ ĞͿͲǡͲͳ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͳͲିଶ
ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴మ
ସ ଵ ଵ
ĨͿͲǡͲͶ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͷିଶ
ଵ଴଴ ଶହ ହమ

WĄŐ͘ϵϮ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍KŶƷŵĞƌŽ૛࣊
ϭ͘ ‫ݑ‬ହ ൌ ͵ǡͳͶͳͷͻĞ‫ݒ‬ହ ൌ ͵ǡͳͶͳ͸Ͳ

Ϯ͘
‫ݔ‬ଵ ൌ ʹଷǡଵ ൎ ͺǡͷ͹Ͷͳͻ ‫ݕ‬ଵ ൌ ʹଷǡଶ ൎ ͻǡͳͺͻͷͻ
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ʹଷǡଵସ ൎ ͺǡͺͳͷϮϰ ‫ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ʹଷǡଵହ ൎ ͺǡͺ͹͸ͷ͸
‫ݔ‬ଷ ൌ ʹ ଷǡଵସଵ
ൎ ͺǡͺʹͳϯϱ ‫ݕ‬ଷ ൌ ʹଷǡଵସଶ ൎ ͺǡͺʹ͹Ͷ͹
‫ݔ‬ସ ൌ ʹଷǡଵସଵହ ൎ ͺǡϴϮϰϰϰ ‫ݕ‬ସ ൌ ʹଷǡଵସଵ଺ ൎ ͺǡϴϮϱϬϮ
‫ݔ‬ହ ൌ ʹଷǡଵସଵହଽ ൎ ͺǡϴϮϰϵϲ ‫ݕ‬ହ ൌ ʹଷǡଵସଵ଺଴ ൎ ͺǡϴϮϱϬϮ
ଷǡଵସଵହଽଶ
‫ ଺ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൎ ͺǡϴϮϰϵϳ ‫ ଺ݕ‬ൌ ʹଷǡଵସଵହଽଷ ൎ ͺǡϴϮϰϵϴ

ŽŵŽĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐ;‫ݑ‬௡ ሻĞ;‫ݒ‬௡ ሻƐĆŽƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĚĞŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞƐƉĂƌĂߨ͕ĂƐ
ƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐ;‫ݔ‬௡ ሻĞ;‫ݕ‬௡ ሻƐĆŽĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞƐƉĂƌĂʹగ ͘

ϮϮ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƉĂƌĂͲ ൏ ʹ െ ݇ ൏ ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƉĂƌĂ݇ ‫א‬ሿͳǡ ʹሾ͘


Ϯϯ͘ĂͿͶξଶ ൌ ሺʹଶ ሻξଶ ൌ ʹଶξଶ ൌ ʹξ଼ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕Ͷξଶ ൐ ʹξହ ͘
ďͿͺξ଼ ൌ ሺʹଷ ሻξ଼ ൌ ʹଷξ଼ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ʹଷగ ൐ ʹଷξ଼ ͕ƉŽŝƐߨ ൐ ξͺ͘
ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଵ ξଶ ଵ
ĐͿ ൌ ቀ ቁ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ൏ ቀ ቁ ;ƌĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĞͲ ൏ ൏ ͳͿ͘
ଽ ଷ ଽ ଷ ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϵϯ
Ϯϰ͘ĂͿ&ƵŶĕĆŽ݂͗ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĂǌƵů͖ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃͗ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽǀĞƌĚĞ͖ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄͗ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽǀĞƌŵĞůŚŽ
ďϭͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ͖ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ሼͲሽ
ďϮͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ Ͳ͖ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ሾͲǡ ൅λሾ
ďϯͿ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͳ͖ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌሿ െ λǡ Ͳሿ

WĄŐ͘ϵϰ
ଵ ௫
Ϯϱ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹି௫ ൌ ݂ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƵŵĂĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐƉŽĚĞ
ଶ
ŽďƚĞƌͲƐĞĂƉůŝĐĂŶĚŽĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂŽƵƚƌĂĂƌĞĨůĞǆĆŽĚĞĞŝǆŽܱ‫͘ݕ‬

Ϯϲ͘ĂͿͶ௫ାଵ ൌ Ͷ௫ ൈ Ͷ ൌ ͸ ൈ Ͷ ൌ ʹͶ
ସೣ ଺ ଷ
ďͿͶ௫ିଶ ൌ మ ൌ ൌ
ସ ଵ଺ ଼
ĐͿͶଶ௫ ൌ ሺͶ௫ ሻଶ ൌ ͸ଶ ൌ ͵͸

௫
ĚͿʹ௫ ൌ ξͶ ൌ ξͶ௫ ൌ ξ͸
ଵ
ĞͿͶି௫ ൌ ሺͶ௫ ሻିଵ ൌ ͸ିଵ ൌ
଺

Ϯϳ͘ĂͿʹ௫ାଵ ൌ ͳ͸ ฻ ʹ௫ାଵ ൌ ʹସ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵
ďͿͺ௫ାଵ ൌ Ͷ௫ ฻ ሺʹଷ ሻ௫ାଵ ൌ ሺʹଶ ሻ௫ ฻ ʹଷ௫ାଷ ൌ ʹଶ௫ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵
ଵ
ĐͿͷ௫ ൌ ͲǡͲͶ ฻ ͷ௫ ൌ ฻ ͷ௫ ൌ ͷିଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ
ଶହ
భ
ଵ ଵ
ĚͿͷ ൈ ͷ௫ ൌ ξͷ ฻ ͷ௫ାଵ ൌ ͷమ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ
ଶ ଶ
ଷ
ĞͿͶ௫ାଵ െ Ͷ௫ ൌ ʹͶ ฻ Ͷ௫ ሺͶ െ ͳሻ ൌ ʹͶ ฻ Ͷ௫ ൌ ͺ ฻ ʹଶ௫ ൌ ʹଷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ
ĨͿͳʹ ൈ ͵௫ െ ͵ଶ௫ ൌ ʹ͹ ฻ െሺ͵௫ ሻଶ ൅ ͳʹ ൈ ͵௫ െ ʹ͹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͮ͵ ௫ ൌ ‫ݕ‬

ିଵଶേξଵସସିଵ଴଼
฻ െ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ͳʹ‫ ݕ‬െ ʹ͹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͵ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ͻ ฻
ିଶ
฻ ͵௫ ൌ ͵ ‫͵ ש‬௫ ൌ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ

ଶ
ŐͿʹଷା௫ െ ʹଵି௫ ൌ ͸ ฻ ͺ ൈ ʹ௫ െ െ͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͺ ൈ ሺʹ௫ ሻଶ െ ʹ െ ͸ ൈ ʹ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͮʹ ௫ ൌ ‫ݕ‬
ଶೣ
଺േξଷ଺ା଺ସ ଵ
฻ ͺ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݕ‬െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ͳ ฻
ଵ଺ ସ
௫ ଵ
฻ʹ
ᇣᇧ െ ‫ʹ ש‬௫ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ൌ ᇧᇥ
ᇧᇤᇧ ସ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮Ǥ

WĄŐ͘ϵϲ
Ϯϴ͘ĂͿ͵ଵି௫ ൐ ͻ ฻ ͵ଵି௫ ൐ ͵ଶ ฻ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ െͳ
ଶೣ ଶ ௫
ďͿʹ௫ ൒ ͵௫ ฻ ଷೣ ൒ ͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൑ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͳ
ଷ
ଵ
ĐͿʹି௫ାଵ ൐ Ͷଷ௫ ฻ ʹି௫ାଵ ൐ ʹ଺௫ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ ͸‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏
଻
ೣ
ଵ ௫ ଶ
ĚͿͷ௫ାଵ ൒ ೣ ฻ ͷ௫ାଵ ൒ ͷିమ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൒ െ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ െ
ξହ ଶ ଷ
మ మ
ĞͿ͵௫ ൏ ͻ௫ ฻ ͵௫ ൏ ͵ଶ௫ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൏ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ ʹ

ĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ

ĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
െλ Ͳ ͳ െλ
భ భ
ଶ ଵ
ĨͿʹ ൑ Ͷ ฻ ʹ ൑ ʹ ฻ ൑ ʹ ฻
ೣ ೣ ʹ
௫
ଵ ଵିଶ௫ ͳ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
฻ െʹ൑Ͳ฻ ൑ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
௫ ௫
ଵ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ ͳ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
ଶ
‫ݔ‬

ĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
ଵିଷೣ െλ Ͳ ͵ െλ
ŐͿ ೣ൑ Ͳ ฻
ଶ ି଼
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬൐ ͵ ͳ െ ͵௫ ൅ Ͳ െ െ െ
ʹ௫ െ ͺ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
ͳ െ ͵௫ െ Ͳ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ

ʹ௫ െ ͺ

ଷమ
Ϯϵ͘ĂϭͿ͵௫ ൌ ͳͲ െ ͵ଶି௫ ฻ ͵௫ െ ͳͲ ൅ ೣ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଷ
฻ ሺ͵௫ ሻଶ െ ͳͲ ൈ ͵௫ ൅ ͻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͮ͵ ௫ ൌ ‫ݕ‬
ଵ଴േξଵ଴଴ିଷ଺
฻ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ͳͲ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ͻ ฻
ଶ
௫ ௫
฻ ͵ ൌ ͳ ‫ ͵ ש‬ൌ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ
ŽŵŽ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵଴ ൌ ͳĞ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ͵ଶ ൌ ͻ͕ŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽĚŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐƐĆŽŽƐ
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ͳሻĞሺʹǡ ͻሻ͘


ଷమ
ĂϮͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ͵௫ ൒ ͳͲ െ ͵ଶି௫ ฻ ͵௫ െ ͳͲ ൅ ଷೣ ൒ Ͳ ฻
฻ ሺ͵௫ ሻଶ െ ͳͲ ൈ ͵௫ ൅ ͻ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ͮ͵ ௫ ൌ ‫ݕ‬
ଶ
฻ ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳͲ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͻ ൒ Ͳ
฻ ‫ ݕ‬൑ ͳ ‫ ݕ ש‬൒ ͻ ฻ ĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ͳͲ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ͻ

௫ ௫
฻ ͵ ൑ ͳ ‫ ͵ ש‬൒ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ ʹ
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌሿ െ λǡ Ͳሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾʹǡ ൅λሾ
ĂϯͿ

WĄŐ͘ϵϳ
ଵ ௬ାଵ
ϯϬ͘ͳ ൅ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
௬ ௬
െλ െͳ Ͳ െλ
‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ݕ‬ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ݕ‬൅ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅

‫ݕ‬
฻ ‫ ݕ‬൏ െͳ ‫ ݕ ש‬൐ Ͳ
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌሿ െ λǡ െͳሾ‫׫‬ሿͲǡ ൅λሾൌ Թ̳ሾെͳǡ Ͳሿ

WĄŐ͘ϵϴ
ଷ ௡ ିଷ ௡
ϯϭ͘ĂͿ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁ ିଷ
௡ ௡
ଷ ௡ ଷȀଶ ௡ య
ďͿ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁ మ ൌ ξ݁ ଷ
ଶ௡ ௡


ଶ ଶ௡ାହ ଶ ଶ௡ ଶ ହ ଶ ଶ௡ ଶ ହ
ĐͿ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ൤ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൨ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ
ଷ௡ ଷ௡ ଷ௡ ଷ௡ ଷ௡
మ ௡ ଶ ଶ
ଶ ହ మ ర
ൌ ቈቆͳ ൅ ௡య ቇ ቉ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ቀ݁ య ቁ ൈ ͳ ൌ ݁ య
ଷ௡
య ௡ య ೙ య ೙
௡ାଷ ௡ ଵା ቀଵା ቁ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ௘య
ĚͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቆ ೙
మ ቇ ൌ ೙
మ ೙
ൌ ೙
మ ೙
ൌ ௘ మ ൌ ݁
௡ାଶ ଵା ቀଵା ቁ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ
೙ ೙ ೙
ଷ ଶ௡ ଷ ଶ ௡
ĞͿ ቀ െ ͳቁ ൌ ൤ቀ െ ͳቁ ൨ ൌ ͮEŽƚĞƋƵĞܽ ଶ ൌ ሺെܽሻଶ
௡ ௡
௡ ଶ
ଷ ଶ ଷ ௡
ൌ ൤ቀͳ െ ቁ ൨ ൌ ቂቀͳ െ ቁ ቃ ൌ ሺ݁ ିଷ ሻଶ ൌ ݁ ି଺
௡ ௡

WĄŐ͘ϵϵ
ϯϮ͘ϭ͘ŽƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽ
భ ೙
భ ௡ భ ೙ ୪୧୫ቆଵା య ቇ
ଷ௡ାଵ ௡ ଷ௡ቀଵା ቁ
య೙ ଷ ௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ
య೙ ଷ ௡ ೙
ቀ ቁ ൌ ቈ భ ቉ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൈ భ ೙
ൌ ቀ ቁ ൈ భ ೙
ൌ
ଶ௡ିଵ ଶ௡ቀଵି ቁ ଶ ୪୧୫ቀଵି ቁ ଶ ష
మ೙ మ೙ ୪୧୫ቆଵା మቇ
೙
భ
ఱ
௘య
ൌ ൅λ ൈ భ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ݁ ల ൌ ൅λ
ష
௘ మ
Ϯ͘ŽƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽ
ఱ
ଷ௡ାଵ ଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞଶ௡ିଵ ൌ ଶ ൅ ଶ௡ିଵ
మ
ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
͵݊ ൅ ͳ ʹ݊ െ ͳ
െ͵݊ ͵Ȁʹ
൅ ͵Ȁʹ
ͷȀʹ
ଷ௡ାଵ ଷ ଷ௡ାଵ ௡ ଷ ௡
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ൐ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ቀ ቁ ൐ ቀ ቁ ͘
ଶ௡ିଵ ଶ ଶ௡ିଵ ଶ
ଷ ௡ ଷ௡ାଵ ௡
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ͕ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƋƵĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ͘
ଶ ଶ௡ିଵ

ϯϯ͘ϭ͘ŽƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽ
య ௡ య ೙
௡ାଷ ௡ ௡ቀଵା ቁ
೙ ଵ ௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ
೙ ௘య
ቀ ቁ ൌ ቈ భ ቉ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൈ భ ೙
ൌͲൈ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ௡ାଶ ଶ௡ቀଵା ቁ ଶ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ௘
೙ ೙
Ϯ͘ŽƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽ
௡ାଷ
^ĞũĂሺܽ௡ ሻĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂůଶ௡ାଶ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ א ݊׊‬Գǡ ܽ௡ ൐ Ͳ
௡ାସ ௡ାଷ ଶ௡మ ାଵ଴௡ା଼ିଶ௡మ ିଵ଴௡ିଵଶ ିଵଶ
භܽ௡ାଵ െ ܽ௡ ൌ െ ൌ ሺଶ௡ାସሻሺଶ௡ାଶሻ
ൌ ሺଶ௡ାସሻሺଶ௡ାଶሻ ൏ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݊׊‬Գ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞሺܽ௡ ሻĠ
ଶ௡ାସ ଶ௡ାଶ
ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘
ହ ௡ାଷ ହ ௡ାଷ ௡ ହ ௡
ŽŵŽܽଶ ൌ ͕ǀĞŵ‫ א ݊׊‬Գଷ ǡ Ͳ ൏ ൏ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ א ݊׊‬Գଷ ǡ Ͳ ൏ ቀ ቁ ൏ ቀ ቁ ͘
଺ ଶ௡ାଶ ଺ ଶ௡ାଶ ଺
ହ ௡ ௡ାଷ ௡
ŽŵŽ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ͕ƉĞůŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ͕ƋƵĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͲǤ
଺ ଶ௡ାଶ


ଷି௡ ௡ ௡ିଷ ௡
ϯϰ͘ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቂሺെͳሻ௡ ൈ ቀ ቁ ቃ͘ƐƚĞůŝŵŝƚĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ͖ŶĂǀĞƌĚĂĚĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĂ
௡ାଵ ௡ାଵ
ሾሺെͳሻ௡ ܽ௡ ሿĠŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƋƵĞ ܽ௡ ൌ Ͳ͘
KƌĂ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
െ͵ ௡
݊െ͵ ௡ ቀͳ ൅ ݊ ቁ ݁ ିଷ
൬ ൰ ൌ ൦ ൪ൌ ൌ ݁ ିସ
݊൅ͳ ͳ ௡ ݁
ቀͳ ൅ ݊ቁ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϬ
బ
యೣ బ
௘ ିଵ ଵ ௘ యೣ ିଵ ଵ ௘ యೣ ିଵ ଷ ௘ యೣ ିଵ ଷ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
ϯϱ͘ĂͿ௫ื଴ ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ ൌ ௫ื଴ ቀ ൈ ͵ቁ ൌ ௫ื଴ ൌ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ
ହ௫ ହ ௫ ହ ଷ௫ ହ ଷ௫ ହ ௬
ଷ௫ୀ௬
͵ ͵
ൌ ൈͳൌ
ͷ ͷ
బ
బ
௘ ೣషభ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
ďͿ௫ืଵ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ
௫ି௫ మ ௬ାଵିሺ௬ାଵሻమ ି௬ మ ି௬ ௬ሺି௬ିଵሻ
௫ିଵୀ௬
௘ ೤ ିଵ ଵ
ൌ ௬ื଴ ቂ ௬ ൈ ି௬ିଵቃ ൌ ͳ ൈ ሺെͳሻ ൌ െͳ
బ
బ
௘ ೣ ି௘ య ௘ ೤శయ ି௘ య ௘ య ሺ௘ ೤ ିଵሻ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
ĐͿ௫ืଷ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ݁ ଷ ௬ื଴ ൌ ݁ ଷ ൈ ͳ ൌ ݁ ଷ
௫ିଷ ௬ ௬ ௬
௫ିଷୀ௬
బ
బ ೤
ష
௘ ೣ ି௘ షೣ ௘ షೣ ൫௘ మೣ ିଵ൯ ଶ௘ షೣ ൫௘ మೣ ିଵ൯ ଶ௘ మ ሺ௘ ೤ ିଵሻ
ĚͿ௫ื଴ ௫ ൌ ฎ ௫ื଴ ௫
ൌ ௫ื଴ ଶ௫
ൌ
ณ ௬ื଴ ௬
ൌ
ଶ௫ୀ௬
೤ ೤
௘ ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
ൌ ௬ื଴ ቂʹ݁ ିమ ൈ ቃ ൌ௬ื଴ ቀʹ݁ ିమ ቁ ൈ ௬ื଴ ൌ ʹ ൈ ͳ ൌ ʹ
௬ ௬
బ
ೣ బ
௘ ିଵ
ĞͿ௫ื଴ ฎ
ൌ ͮŽŵŽ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݁ ௫ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݁ ௫ െ ͳ ൌ ඥሺ݁ ௫ െ ͳሻଶ
ξ௫
ඥሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻమ ሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻమ ௘ ೣ ିଵ
ൌ ௫ื଴ ൌ ௫ื଴ ට ൌ ට௫ื଴ ቂ ൈ ሺ݁ ௫ െ ͳሻቃ ൌ ξͳ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
ξ௫ ௫ ௫
భ ஶൈ଴
ଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
ณ ௬ื଴ ቂ ሺ݁ ௬ െ ͳሻቃ ൌ ௬ื଴
ĨͿ௫ืାஶ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀ݁ ೣ െ ͳቁቃ ฏ
ൌ ൌ ͳ
௬ ௬
భ
ୀ௬
ೣ
ŐͿ
బ
బ
௫௘ ೣ ିଶ௘ మ ሺ௬ାଶሻ௘ ೤శమ ିଶ௘ మ ሺ௬ାଶሻ௘ ೤ ௘ మ ିଶ௘ మ ௬௘ ೤ ௘ మ ାଶ௘ ೤ ௘ మ ିଶ௘ మ
௫ืଶ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ
௫ିଶ ௬ ௬ ௬
௫ିଶୀ௬
௬ ଶ ଶ௘ మ ሺ௘ ೤ ିଵሻ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
௬ื଴ ቂ݁ ݁ ൅ ௬
ቃ ൌ ௬ื଴ ቂ݁ ௬ ݁ ଶ ൅ ʹ݁ ଶ ൈ ቃ ൌ
௬
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ൌ ͳ ൈ ݁ ൅ ʹ݁ ൈ ͳ ൌ ͵݁


WĄŐ͘ϭϬϭ
ϯϲ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݁ݔ‬ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൈ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ʹ ൈ ݁ ଶ௫ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ଶ௫

ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ଶ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ଶ
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ ሺ௫ሻᇲ ൈ௘ బǡమೣ ି௫ൈ൫௘ బǡమೣ ൯ ௘ బǡమೣ ି௫ൈ଴ǡଶൈ௘ బǡమೣ ௘ బǡమೣ ሺଵି଴ǡଶ௫ሻ ଵି଴ǡଶ௫
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ బǡమೣ ቁ ൌ ሺ௘ బǡమೣ ሻమ
ൌ ௘ బǡరೣ
ൌ ௘ బǡరೣ
ൌ
௘ ௘ బǡమೣ
ଵି଴ǡଶ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ
௘ బǡమೣ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ݁ ଷ௫ െ ͳሻଶ ሿᇱ ൌ ʹሺ݁ ଷ௫ െ ͳሻሺ݁ ଷ௫ െ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ʹሺ݁ ଷ௫ െ ͳሻ ൈ ͵݁ ଷ௫ ൌ ͸݁ ଷ௫ ሺ݁ ଷ௫ െ ͳሻ

݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͸݁ ଷ௫ ሺ݁ ଷ௫ െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ଷ௫ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ᇱ ᇱ
య య య య
ଷ ᇱ య య
ଷ య
ĚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ‫ ݁ݔ‬ೣ ቁ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ݁ ೣ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ቀ݁ ೣ ቁ ൌ ݁ ೣ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ቀ௫ቁ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ೣ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ቀെ ௫ మ ቁ ݁ ೣ ൌ
య య య య
ଷ ଷ ௫ିଷ
ൌ ݁ ೣ െ ௫ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ೣ ቀͳ െ ௫ቁ ൌ ݁ ೣ ൈ
௫
య
௫ିଷ ௫ିଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ೣ ൈ ൌͲ฻ ൌͲ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵
௫ ௫

ᇱ ଵ ௘ೣ
ϯϳ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ξ݁ ௫ ൅ ͳ൯ ൌ ൈ ሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ͳሻԢ ൌ
ଶξ௘ ೣ ାଵ ଶξ௘ ೣ ାଵ
௘బ ଵ ξଶ ξଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ‫ݕ‬ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ܾ͘
ଶξ௘ బ ାଵ ଶξଶ ସ ସ
ŽŵŽ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ξ݁ ଴ ൅ ͳ ൌ ξʹ͕ĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ൫Ͳǡ ξʹ൯͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ܾ ൌ ξʹ͘
ξଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ସ
‫ݔ‬ ൅ ξʹ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϰ
ଶ ିଵ ଷ ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ ିଶ
ϯϴ͘ĂͿቀ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ďͿʹିଷ ൌ ቀ ቁ ĐͿቀ ቁ ൌ ͵ଶ
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ

భ
భ
య
య
ଵ ିర భ
ర
ϯϵ͘ĂͿʹయ ൌ ξʹ ďͿ͵మ ൌ ξ͵ଷ ൌ ξʹ͹ ĐͿቀ ቁ ൌ ʹర ൌ ξʹ
ଶ

భ
భ భ య భ
ଵ య ଵ య ଵ ଵ
ϰϬ͘ĂͿට ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͷିయ ďͿξʹିଷ ൌ ሺʹିଷ ሻమ ൌ ʹିమ ĐͿ ఱ ൌ భ ൌ ܽ ିఱ
ସ ସ ξ௔ ௔ఱ

భ
ϰϭ͘ĂͿͳ͸మ ൌ ξͳ͸ ൌ Ͷ
మ
య య
ďͿʹ͹య ൌ ξʹ͹ଶ ൌ ξ͵଺ ൌ ͵ଶ ൌ ͻ
య
ĐͿͻଵǡହ ൌ ͻమ ൌ ξͻଷ ൌ ξ͵଺ ൌ ͵ଷ ൌ ʹ͹


ଷ ଶ ହ ିଶ ଵ ିଶ ଵ ିଶ
ϰϮ͘ĂͿቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ďͿͷଶ ൌ ቀ ቁ ĐͿͳ͸ ൌ Ͷଶ ൌ ቀ ቁ
ହ ଷ ହ ସ
ିଶ
ଶ ି଺ ଶ ଷ ଼ ିଶ ଵ ିଶ
ĚͿቀ ቁ ൌ ൤ቀ ቁ ൨ ൌ ቀ ቁ ĞͿʹ଼ ൌ ሺʹସ ሻଶ ൌ ͳ͸ଶ ൌ ቀ ቁ
ଷ ଷ ଶ଻ ଵ଺
య ଵଶ భమ
ଵ ିଶ
ĨͿξͷ ൌ ͷ య ൌ ͷସ ൌ ሺͷଶ ሻଶ ൌ ʹͷଶ ൌ ቀ ቁ
ଶହ

ଵ ିଶ
ϰϯ͘ĂͿͺ ൌ ʹଷ ďͿͳ͸ ൌ Ͷଶ ൌ ቀ ቁ
ସ
య
଼ ଵ ଵ ିଷ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ మ
ĐͿͲǡͲͲͺ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͷ ĚͿͲǡͳʹͷ ൌ ൌ ൌ య ൌ య ൌ ቀ ቁ
ଵ଴଴଴ ଵଶହ ହయ ଼ ଶయ ξସ ସ
ସమ

ϰϰ͘;Ϳ
ሺ͵௔ ሻ௕ ൌ ͵௔௕

ଶ௞ିଵ
ϰϱ݂͘ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƐĞĞƐſƐĞ ൐ ͳ͘
௞
ଶ௞ିଵ ଶ௞ିଵ ௞ିଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൐ͳ฻ െͳ൐Ͳ฻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ݇ሺ݇ െ ͳሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ݇ ൏ Ͳ ‫ ݇ ש‬൐ ͳ
௞ ௞ ௞
KĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĠሿ െ λǡ Ͳሾ‫׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϱ
ଵ
ϰϲ͘ĂͿͷଶ௫ ൌ ሺͷ௫ ሻଶ ൌ ʹଶ ൌ Ͷ ďͿͷି௫ ൌ ሺͷ௫ ሻିଵ ൌ ʹିଵ ൌ
ଶ
ೣ భ భ
ଵ
ĐͿͷమ ൌ ሺͷ௫ ሻమ ൌ ʹమ ൌ ξʹ ĚͿʹͷି௫ ൌ ሺͷଶ௫ ሻିଵ ൌ ሺͷ௫ ሻିଶ ൌ ʹିଶ ൌ
ସ
ĞͿͷ௫ାଵ ൌ ͷ௫ ൈ ͷ ൌ ʹ ൈ ͷ ൌ ͳͲ

ϰϳ͘ĂͿ͵௫ାଵ ൌ ͸ ฻ ͵௫ ൈ ͵ ൌ ͸ ฻ ͵௫ ൌ ʹ ďͿ͵ଶ௫ ൌ ሺ͵௫ ሻଶ ൌ ʹଶ ൌ Ͷ
ೣ భ భ
ଵ ଵ ଷ
ĐͿ͵మ ൌ ሺ͵௫ ሻమ ൌ ʹమ ൌ ξʹ ĚͿ͵ି௫ାଵ ൌ ͵ି௫ ൈ ͵ ൌ ൈ ͵ ൌ ൈ ͵ ൌ
ଷೣ ଶ ଶ

ϰϴ͘ĂͿͷ௫ାଵ െ ͷ௫ ൌ ͷ௫ ሺͷ െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ͷ௫
ଵ ௫
ďͿቀ ቁ ൅ ʹଵି௫ ൌ ʹି௫ ൅ ʹଵି௫ ൌ ʹି௫ ሺͳ ൅ ʹሻ ൌ ͵ ൈ ʹି௫
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଷଷ ଷଷ
ĐͿͺ௫ାଵ ൅ ʹଷ௫ିଶ ൌ ʹଷ௫ ൈ ͺ ൅ ʹଷ௫ ൈ ସ ൌ ʹଷ௫ ቀͺ ൅ ସቁ ൌ ʹଷ௫ ൈ ସ
ൌ ʹଷ௫ ൈ
ଶమ
ൌ ͵͵ ൈ ʹଷ௫ିଶ
ĚͿͶ௫ ൅ ʹ௫ାଵ ൌ ʹଶ௫ ൅ ʹ௫ାଵ ൌ ʹ௫ ሺʹ௫ ൅ ʹሻ


ଵ ଵି௫
ϰϵ͘ĂͿʹ௫ ൌ Ͳǡͳʹͷଵି௫ ฻ ʹ௫ ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ʹ௫ ൌ ሺʹିଷ ሻଵି௫ ฻ ʹ௫ ൌ ʹିଷାଷ௫ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬฻
଼
ଷ ଷ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͖ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ቄଶቅ
ଶ
௫ యೣ
మ మ ଷ௫
ďͿͶ௫ ൑ ൫ξͺ൯ ฻ ʹଶ௫ ൑ ʹ మ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൑ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻ ൑ Ͳ ฻
ଶ
ଷ ଷ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൑ ͖ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ቂͲǡ ସቃ
ସ
ĐͿ͵௫ ൅ ͵௫ାଵ െ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵௫ ൅ ͵ ൈ ͵௫ െ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ ൈ ͵௫ െ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵௫ ൌ ͵ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͖

ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ሼͳሽ
ଷೣ ୀ௬
௫ାଵ ௫ାଶ ௫ ௫ ฏ ଶ௫ ௫
ĚͿͻ ൅͵ ൌ Ͷ ฻ͻൈͻ ൅ͻൈ͵ െͶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ͻൈ͵ ൅ͻൈ͵ െͶ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଶ ସ ଵ ௫ ସ ௫ ଵ
฻ ͻ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͻ‫ ݕ‬െ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ଷ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ଷ ฻ ͵
ᇣᇧ ൌ ᇧᇥ
ᇧᇤᇧെ ‫ ͵ ש‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ͖
ଷ ଷ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮Ǥ
ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ሼെͳሽ
ଶೣ ୀ௬
ସ
ĞͿʹଶି௫ ൅ ͵ ൑ ʹ௫ ฻ െ ʹ௫ ൅ ͵ ൑ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ െ ሺʹ௫ ሻଶ ൅ ͵ ൈ ʹ௫ ൑ Ͳ ฻
ଶೣ
ฏ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݕ‬൅ Ͷ ൑ Ͳ ฻
ʹ௫ᇧᇤᇧ
฻ െሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻሺ‫ ݕ‬െ Ͷሻ ൑ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬൑ െͳ ‫ ݕ ש‬൒ Ͷ ฻ ᇣᇧ െͳ ‫ʹ ש‬௫ ൒ Ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ʹ͖
൑ ᇧᇥ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮
ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ሾʹǡ ൅λሾ
‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ

ĨͿ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ʹ௫ ൐ ͺ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ʹ௫ െ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺʹ௫ െ ͺሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ቄ ௫ ‫ש‬ቄ ฻
ʹ െ ͺ ൐ Ͳ ʹ௫ െ ͺ ൏ Ͳ
‫ݔ‬൐Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൏Ͳ
฻ቄ ‫ש‬ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬൏ Ͳ͖ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌሿ െ λǡ Ͳሾ‫׫‬ሿ͵ǡ ൅λሾ
‫ݔ‬൐͵ ‫ݔ‬൏͵
ଷ
ŐͿ‫ ݔ‬ଶ௫ାଵ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ש‬ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͷ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ଶ͖
ଷ
ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌ ቄͲǡͳǡ ቅ
ଶ

ϱϬ͘ĂͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
භ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵௫ െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ
ďͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͵௫ െ ͻ௫ାଵ ് Ͳሽ

KƌĂ͕͵௫ െ ͻ௫ାଵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵௫ ൌ ͻ௫ାଵ ฻ ͵௫ ൌ ͵ଶ௫ାଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ̳ሼെʹሽ͘
ଶା௫
භ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫͵ ר‬௫ െ ͻ௫ାଵ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െʹ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ଷೣ ିଽೣశభ
ĐͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ሺͶ௫ െ ͳሻሺʹି௫ െ ʹሻ ൒ Ͳሽ

ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͘
െλ െͳ Ͳ ൅λ
Ͷ௫ െ ͳ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
ʹି௫ െ ʹ ൅ Ͳ െ െ െ
ሺͶ െ ͳሻሺʹି௫ െ ʹሻ
௫
െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሾെͳǡͲሿ
භ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ඥሺͶ௫ െ ͳሻሺʹି௫ െ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ௫ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ିʹ ש‬௫ െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ Ͷ௫ ൌ ͳ ‫ିʹ ש‬௫ ൌ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െͳ


మ మ
ϱϭ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ ǡ ݂ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹሺି௫ሻ ିଷ ൌ ʹ௫ ିଷ ൌ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠƉĂƌ͖ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ġ͕ƉŽƌ
ŝƐƐŽ͕ƐŝŵĠƚƌŝĐŽĞŵƌĞůĂĕĆŽĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͘
మ మ
ďͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ʹ௫ ିଷ ൒ Ͷ௫ ฻ ʹ௫ ିଷ ൒ ʹଶ௫ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵ ൒ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ൒ Ͳ ฻
฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ ͵͖ĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽൌሿ െ λǡ െͳሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾ͵ǡ ൅λሾ

ϱϮ͘ĂͿ^ĞũĂܰŽĂŶŽĐŽƌƌĞŶƚĞ͖ŽƚĞŵƉŽ͕ĞŵĂŶŽƐ͕ƋƵĞĚĞĐŽƌƌĞƵĚĞƐĚĞ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͲĠܰ െ ͳͻͷͲ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚĞƐŶŽĐŽƌƌĞŶƚĞĂŶŽĠĚĂĚŽƉŽƌͳͷ ൈ ʹ଴ǡ଴ସሺேିଵଽହ଴ሻ ൈ ͳͲͲͲ͘
ďͿͳͷ ൈ ʹ଴ǡ଴ସሺேିଵଽହ଴ሻ ൌ ͸Ͳ ฻ ʹ଴ǡ଴ସሺேିଵଽହ଴ሻ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ͲǡͲͶሺܰ െ ͳͻͷͲሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ݊ െ ͳͻͷͲ ൌ ͷͲ ฻

฻ ܰ ൌ ʹͲͲͲ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĨŽŝŶŽĂŶŽϮϬϬϬ͘
௡ሺ௧ାଵሻ ଵହൈଶబǡబరሺ೟శభሻ ଶబǡబర೟శబǡబర

ĐͿ ൌ ൌ ൌ ʹ଴ǡ଴ସ ൎ ͳǡͲ͵͖ĞƐƚĞƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞĂĐĂĚĂĂŶŽ͕Ă
௡ሺ௧ሻ ଵହൈଶబǡబర೟ ଶబǡబర೟
ƉŽƉƵůĂĕĆŽĚĂĨƌĞŐƵĞƐŝĂĂƵŵĞŶƚĂĐĞƌĐĂĚĞ͵Ψ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϲ
ଶ଴଴ ଶ଴଴
ϱϯ͘ĂͿ݅ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͺ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŚĂǀŝĂŽŝƚŽƉĞƌƵƐŝŶĨĞƚĂĚŽƐƋƵĂŶĚŽŽǀşƌƵƐĨŽŝ
ଵା଺ൈଶమషబǡభൈబ ଵା଺ൈସ
ĚĞƚĞƚĂĚŽ͘
ଶ଴଴ ଵ
݅ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͲ ൈ ݅ሺͲሻ ฻ ൌ ͺͲ ฻ ͳ ൅ ͸ ൈ ʹଶି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ʹǡͷ ฻ ʹଶି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ฻
ଵା଺ൈଶమషబǡభ೟ ସ
฻ ʹ െ Ͳǡͳ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െʹ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͶͲ
dŝŶŚĂŵƉĂƐƐĂĚŽϰϬĚŝĂƐ͘
ଶ଴଴ ଶ଴଴
ďͿ ൌ ฻ ͳ ൅ ͸ ൈ ʹଶି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ͳ ൅ ͵ ൈ ʹଶି଴ǡ଴ହ௧ ฻
ଵା଺ൈଶమషబǡభ೟ ଵାଷൈଶమషబǡబఱ೟
฻ ͸ ൈ ʹଶି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ͵ ൈ ʹଶି଴ǡ଴ହ௧ ฻ ʹ ൈ ʹଶି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ʹଶି଴ǡ଴ହ௧ ฻ ʹଷି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ʹଶି଴ǡ଴ହ௧ ฻
฻ ͵ െ Ͳǡͳ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹ െ ͲǡͲͷ‫ ݐ‬฻ Ͳǡͳ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹͲ

ଶ ௡ାଵ ଶ ௡ାଷ ଶ ିଶ
ϱϰ͘ĂͿ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ൤ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൨ ൌ
௡ାଷ ௡ାଷ ௡ାଷ
ଶ ௡ାଷ ଶ ିଶ
ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁ ൈ ͳ ൌ ݁ ଶ
ଶ
௡ାଷ ௡ାଷ
భ ଶ௡ భ మ೙
ଶ௡ାଵ ଶ௡ ଵା ቀଵା ቁ ௘
ďͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቆ మ೙
య ቇ ൌ మ೙
య మ೙
ൌ ൌ ݁ ସ
ଶ௡ିଷ ଵି ቀଵି ቁ ௘ షయ
మ೙ మ೙
ଷ ௡ ଵ ௡ ଵ ௡ ଵ ௡
ĐͿ ቀ͵ ൅ ቁ ൌ ቂ͵ ቀͳ ൅ ቁቃ ൌ ቂ͵௡ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ቃ ൌ ͵௡ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ
௡ ௡ ௡ ௡
ൌ ൅λ ൈ ݁ ൌ ൅λ
భ ௡ భȀమ ೙ భ
ଶ௡ାଵ ௡ ଶ௡ቀଵା ቁ ଶ ௡ ୪୧୫ቀଵା ቁ ௘మ
ĚͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቈ మ೙
మ ቉ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൈ ೙
మȀయ ೙
ൌͲൈ మ ൌ Ͳ
ଷ௡ିଶ ଷ௡ቀଵି ቁ ଷ ୪୧୫ቀଵି ቁ ష
య೙ ೙ ௘ య


భ ସ௡ భ ସ௡
ଶ௡ିଵ ସ௡ ଶ௡ቀଵି ቁ ቀଵି ቁ
ĞͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቈ మ೙
య ቉ ൌ ቈሺെͳሻ మ೙
య ቉ ൌ
ଷିଶ௡ ିଶ௡ቀଵି ቁ ቀଵି ቁ
మ೙ మ೙
ర భ ర
భȀమ ర೙ భȀమ ೙ ష
ቆ௘ ቇ మ
୪୧୫ቀଵି ቁ ୪୧୫൤ቀଵି ቁ ൨ ௘ షమ
೙
ൌ ሺെͳሻସ௡ ൈ ೙
యȀమ ర೙
ൌ ర ൌ య ర
ൌ ൌ ݁ ସ
୪୧୫ቀଵି ቁ యȀమ ೙ ష ௘ షల
೙ ୪୧୫൤ቀଵି ቁ ൨ ቆ௘ మ ቇ
೙
௡ ሺ௡ିଵሻሺ௡ାଵሻ ௡
௡మ ିଵ
ĨͿ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ௡ାଵ ቁ ൌ ሺ݊ െ ͳሻ௡
௡ାଵ
^ĞũĂሺܽ௡ ሻĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů݊ െ ͳ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գଷ ǡ ݊ െ ͳ ൐ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݊׊‬Գଷ ǡ ሺ݊ െ ͳሻ௡ ൐ ʹ௡ ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ ʹ௡ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ͕ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƋƵĞሺ݊ െ ͳሻ௡ ൌ ൅λ͘

బ
బ
ଵି௘ మೣ ଵ ௘ మೣ ିଵ ଵ ௘ మೣ ିଵ ଶ ௘ మೣ ିଵ
ϱϱ͘ĂͿ௫ื଴ ൌ
ฎ െ ௫ื଴ ൌ െ ௫ื଴ ቀ ൈ ʹቁ ൌ െ ௫ื଴ ณ
ൌ
ଷ௫ ଷ ௫ ଷ ଶ௫ ଷ ଶ௫
ଶ௫ୀ௬
ଶ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ଶ ଶ
ൌ െ ଷ ௬ื଴ ൌ െ ൈ ͳ ൌ െ
௬ ଷ ଷ
బ
బ
௘ ೣషమ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
ďͿ௫ืଶ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ
ସି௫ మ ସିሺ௬ାଶሻమ ି௬ మ ିସ௬ ௬ሺି௬ିସሻ
௫ିଶୀ௬
௘ ೤ ିଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ௬ื଴ ቂ ൈ ቃ ൌ ͳ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െ
௬ ି௬ିସ ସ ସ
బ
బ ೐మೣ షభ ೐మೣ షభ
ଵି௘ మೣ మೣ
௘ ିଵ ଶൈ
ĐͿ௫ื଴ ௘ యೣ ିଵ ൌ െ ௫ื଴ ൌ
ฎ െ ௫ื଴ ೣ
೐యೣ షభ
ൌ െ ௫ื଴ మೣ
೐యೣ షభ
ൌ
௘ యೣ ିଵ ଷൈ
ೣ ೣ
೐మೣ షభ ೐೤ షభ
ଶ ଶ ୪୧୫ ೤ ଶ ଵ ଶ
ൌ െ ௫ื଴ ೐యೣమೣషభ ൌ െ ൈ ೤ืబ೐೟షభ ൌ െ ൈ ൌ െ
ଷ ଷ ୪୧୫ ଷ ଵ ଷ
ೣ ೟ืబ ೟
బ
బ ೤శభ మ ೤శభ ೤శభ మ ೤శభ భ
ଶ௫ మ ି௫ ଶቀ ቁ ି ଶቀ ቁ ି ൫௬ మ ା௬൯
ĚͿ௫ืభ మೣషభ ିଵ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ మ
௘ ೤ ିଵ
మ
ൌ ௬ื଴ మ
௘ ೤ ିଵ
మ
ൌ ௬ื଴ మ ௘ ೤ ൌ
మ ௘ ିଵ
ଶ௫ିଵୀ௬
ଵ ௬ሺ௬ାଵሻ ଵ ௬ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ௬ื଴ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ൌ ௬ื଴ ቂ ೤ ିଵ ൈ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻቃ ൌ ൈ ͳ ൈ ͳ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ௘ ଶ ଶ
బ
బ
௘ మೣ ିଵ ሺ௘ ೣ ሻమ ିଵ ሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻሺ௘ ೣ ାଵሻ ௘ ೣ ିଵ ௘ ೣ ାଵ ଵ
ĞͿ௫ื଴ మ ൌ ฎ ௫ื଴ ൌ ௫ื଴ ൌ ௫ื଴ ቂ ൈ ቃ ൌ ͳ ൈ ଴
௫ ௫మ ௫మ ௫ ௫
௘ ೣ ିଵ ௘ ೣ ାଵ ଵ ௘ ೣ ିଵ ௘ ೣ ାଵ ଵ
KƌĂ͕ĐŽŵŽ௫ื଴ష ቂ ൈ ቃ ൌ ͳ ൈ ଴ష ൌ െλĞ௫ื଴శ ቂ ௫ ൈ ௫ ቃ ൌ ͳ ൈ ଴శ ൌ ൅λ͕ŶĆŽ
௫ ௫
௘ మೣ ିଵ
ĞǆŝƐƚĞŽůŝŵŝƚĞ௫ื଴ మ ͘
௫
మ ஶൈ଴
ଶ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
ณ ௬ื଴ ቂ͵ ൈ ሺ݁ ௬ െ ͳሻቃ ൌ ͸ ൈ
ĨͿ௫ืାஶ ቂ͵‫ ݔ‬ቀ݁ ೣ െ ͳቁቃ ᇩᇪᇫ
ൌ ൌ ͸ ൈ ͳ ൌ ͸
௬ ௬ื଴ ௬
ଶȀ௫ୀ௬
బ
బ
௘ ೣషభ ି௫ ௘ ೤ ିሺ௬ାଵሻ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ௬
ŐͿ௫ืଵ ௫ିଵ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ௬
ൌ ௬ื଴ ቂ െ ቃ ൌ ͳ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ
௬ ௬
௫ିଵୀ௬


బ
మ బ మ మ మ
௫௘ ೣ ା௘ ሺ௬ିଵሻ௘ ሺ೤షభሻ ା௘ ௬௘ ሺ೤షభሻ ି௘ ሺ೤షభሻ ା௘
ŚͿ௫ืିଵ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ
௫ାଵ ௬ ௬
௫ାଵୀ௬
మ మ మ
௬௘ ሺ೤షభሻ ௘ ሺ೤షభሻ ି௘ మ ௘ ೤ షమ೤శభ ି௘
ൌ ௬ื଴ ൤ െ ൨ ௬ื଴ ൫݁ ሺ௬ିଵሻ ൯ െ ௬ื଴
ൌ ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇧᇥ ൌ
௬ ௬ ௬
ୀ௘
మ మ
௘ ೤ షమ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ షమ೤ ିଵ ௬ మ ିଶ௬
ൌ ݁ െ ݁ ௬ื଴ ൌ݁െ ݁ ௬ื଴ ൬ మ ൈ ൰ ൌ
௬ ௬ ିଶ௬ ௬
మ మ
௘ ೤ షమ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ షమ೤ ିଵ
ൌ ݁ െ ݁ ൈ ௬ื଴ ൈ ௬ื଴ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ʹሻ ൌ ݁ െ ݁ ൈ ௬ื଴ ൈ ሺെʹሻ ൌ
௬ మ ିଶ௬ ௬ మ ିଶ௬
బ
మ బ
௘ ೤ షమ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೟ ିଵ
ൌ ݁ ൅ ʹ݁ ൈ ௬ื଴ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ൌ ݁ ൅ ʹ݁ ൈ ௧ื଴ ൌ ݁ ൅ ʹ݁ ൈ ͳ ൌ ͵݁
௬ మ ିଶ௬ ௧
௬ మ ିଶ௬ୀ௧

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϳ
ϱϲ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻሺ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ͵݁ ௫ ൌ
ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ
ଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ᇣ ݁ᇧ ௫
ᇤ Ͳ ‫ ݔ͵ ש‬൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ
ൌᇧᇥ
ଷ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮Ǥ
ᇱ మ ᇲ మ మ మ
మ
௘ ೣ శభ ቀ௘ ೣ శభ ቁ ሺ௫ିଵሻି௘ ೣ శభ ሺ௫ିଵሻᇲ ቀ௘ ೣ శభ ቁሺଶ௫ሻሺ௫ିଵሻି௘ ೣ శభ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ďͿ݂ ൌ ൬ ௫ିଵ ൰ ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ
ൌ
మ మ మ
ቀ௘ ೣ శభ ቁ൫ଶ௫ మ ିଶ௫൯ି௘ ೣ శభ ቀ௘ ೣ శభ ቁ൫ଶ௫ మ ିଶ௫ିଵ൯

మ
ቀ௘ ೣ శభ ቁ൫ଶ௫ మ ିଶ௫ିଵ൯ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൫݁ ௫ ൯ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻
మ ାଵ
฻ ൫݁ ௫ ൯ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ͳ ് ݔ ר‬
ଶേξସା଼ ଶേଶξଷ ଵିξଷ ଵାξଷ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ר‬ ‫ͳ്ݔ‬฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ‫ש‬ ‫ݔ‬ൌ
ସ ସ ଶ ଶ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ݁ ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻᇱ ݁ ௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ݁ ௫ ൌ
ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ݁ ௫ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ݁ ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ݁ ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ
௫௘ షೣ ᇱ
ሺ௫௘ షೣ ሻᇲ ሺ௫ାଶሻି௫௘ షೣ ሺ௫ାଶሻᇲ ൣ௫ ᇲ ௘ షೣ ା௫ሺ௘ షೣ ሻᇲ ൧ሺ௫ାଶሻି௫௘ షೣ
ĚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫ାଶ ቁ ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻమ
ൌ
షೣ షೣ
ሾ௘ ି௫௘ ሿሺ௫ାଶሻି௫௘ షೣ షೣ
௘ ሺଵି௫ሻሺ௫ାଶሻି௫௘ షೣ షೣ మ
௘ ൫ି௫ ି௫ାଶ൯ି௫௘ షೣ ௘ ൫ି௫ మ ିଶ௫ାଶ൯
షೣ
ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻ మ ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻ మ ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻ మ ൌ ሺ௫ାଶሻమ

షೣ మ
௘ ൫ି௫ ିଶ௫ାଶ൯
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ାଶሻమ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି௫ ሺെ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െʹ ฻
ଶ
฻ െ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬െʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െͳ ൅ ξ͵

௬ୀ௘ ೣ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺ݁ ௫ ᇱ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ௫
ฏ
ϱϳ݂͘ ൌ݃ ฻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ݁ ൅ ͳ ൌ ʹ݁ ฻ ʹ݁ െ݁ െͳൌͲ ฻
௬ୀ௘ ೣ
ଵേξଵା଼ ଵ ଵ
฻ ʹ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ସ
฻‫ ݕ‬ൌെ ‫ݕש‬ൌͳ ฻ ௫
ฏ ݁ᇣᇧ െ ‫ ݁ ש‬௫ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ൌ ᇧᇥ
ᇧᇤᇧ
ଶ ଶ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮Ǥ


ϱϴ͘^ĞũĂ͕ܽܽ ൐ Ͳ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫͘ܤ‬
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܣ‬ƐĆŽሺܽǡ ݁ ௔ ሻ͘
KĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂ‫ݎ‬ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݂Ԣሺܽሻ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݁ ௔ ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂ‫ݎ‬ĠĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬െ ݁ ௔ ൌ ݁ ௔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ܽሻ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݕ‬െ ݁ ௔ ൌ ݁ ௔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ܽሻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݁ ௔ ‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ݁ ௔ ൅ ݁ ௔ ͘
ŽŵŽĂŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚĂƌĞƚĂ‫ݎ‬ĠͲ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞെܽ݁ ௔ ൅ ݁ ௔ ൌ Ͳ͘
KƌĂ͕െܽ݁ ௔ ൅ ݁ ௔ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௔ ሺെܽ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െܽ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͳ͘
തതതത ൈ஺஻
ை஻ തതതത ଵ௘ భ ௘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽሾ‫ܤܱܣ‬ሿ ൌ ଶ
ൌ
ଶ
ൌ ͘
ଶ


ϯ͘&ƵŶĕƁĞƐůŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂƐ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϴ
ଵ ଵ
ϱϵ͘ĂͿ͵ଶ ൌ ͻ ฻ ʹ ൌ ଷ ሺͻሻ ďͿ ହ ቀ ቁ ൌ െͳ ฻ ൌ ͷିଵ ĐͿͶ଴ ൌ ͳ ฻ Ͳ ൌ ସ ሺͳሻ
ହ ହ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϵ
ϲϬ͘ĂͿʹ ൌ ହ ሺͷଶ ሻ ďͿʹ ൌ ͷ୪୭୥ఱ ሺଶሻ

ଶ
ϲϭ͘ĂͿͷଵା୪୭୥ఱሺଷሻ ൌ ͷ ൈ ͷ୪୭୥ఱ ሺଷሻ ൌ ͷ ൈ ͵ ൌ ͳͷ ďͿ͵ଶ ୪୭୥య ሺସሻ ൌ ൫͵୪୭୥య ሺସሻ ൯ ൌ Ͷଶ ൌ ͳ͸
ĐͿሺͳͲͲͲሻ ൌ ሺͳͲଷ ሻ ൌ ͵ ĚͿ ସ ሺʹଵ଴ ሻ ൌ ସሺͶହ ሻ ൌ ͷ
ଵ
ĞͿ ቀ௘ య ቁ ൌ ሺ݁ ିଷ ሻ ൌ െ͵

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϬ
ϲϮ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƐĞĞƐſƐĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ ଷି௔ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻĨŽƌĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſ

ƐĞͲ ൏ ͵ െ ܽ ൏ ͳ͘
͵െܽ ൐Ͳ ܽ൏͵
KƌĂ͕Ͳ ൏ ͵ െ ܽ ൏ ͳ ฻ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ܽ ‫ א‬ሿʹǡ ͵ሾ͘
͵െܽ ൏ͳ ܽ൐ʹ

ϲϯ͘ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂŶĚŽƐĞŵƉƌĞŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽƐĞůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽƐĐŽŵĂŵĞƐŵĂďĂƐĞ͗
ĂͿƐŽŵĂĚŽƐůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽƐĚĞĚŽŝƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂŽůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚŽƉƌŽĚƵƚŽĚĞƐƐĞƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŽƵ͕
ĂďƌĞǀŝĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĂƐŽŵĂĚĞůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽƐĠŽůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚŽƉƌŽĚƵƚŽ͘
ďͿKůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚĞƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĠŽƐŝŵĠƚƌŝĐŽĚŽůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚŽŝŶǀĞƌƐŽĚĞƐƐĞŶƷŵĞƌŽ͘
ĐͿĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĚŽƐůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽƐĚĞĚŽŝƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂŽůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞƐƐĞƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŽƵ͕
ĂďƌĞǀŝĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĚĞůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽƐĠŽůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞ͘
ĚͿKůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚĂƉŽƚġŶĐŝĂĚĞƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂŽƉƌŽĚƵƚŽĚŽĞǆƉŽĞŶƚĞƉĞůŽůŽŐĂƌŝƚŵŽĚĂďĂƐĞĚĂ
ƉŽƚġŶĐŝĂ͘

ϲϰ͘ĂͿ ଷ ሺ͸ሻ ൅ ଷ ሺʹሻ ൌ ଷ ሺ͸ ൈ ʹሻ ൌ ଷ ሺͳʹሻ
ďͿ ଶ ሺͻሻ െ ଶ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ଶ ሺͻ ൊ ͵ሻ ൌ ଶ ሺ͵ሻ
ĐͿ૞ ൈ ሺʹሻ ൌ ሺʹହ ሻ ൌ ሺ͵ʹሻ
ĚͿͳ ൅ ଷ ሺͶሻ ൌ ଷ ሺ͵ሻ ൅ ଷ ሺͶሻ ൌ ଷ ሺ͵ ൈ Ͷሻ ൌ ଷ ሺͳʹሻ


ହ
ĞͿሺͷሻ െ ʹ ൌ ሺͷሻ െ ሺ݁ ଶ ሻ ൌ ቀ మ ቁ
௘
భ
୪୭୥ሺହሻ ଵ
ĨͿ ଶ
൅ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ሺͷሻ ൅ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ቀͷమ ቁ ൅ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ൫ξͷ൯ ൅ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ൫͵ξͷ൯
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϭ
ϲϱ͘ĂͿ ସ ሺͺሻ ൅ ସ ሺʹሻ ൌ ସ ሺͳ͸ሻ ൌ ʹ
ଵ
ďͿ ቀ௘ቁ ൌ ሺͳሻ െ ሺ݁ሻ ൌ െ ሺ݁ሻ ൌ െͳ
భ
ξଶ଴ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ൫ξʹͲ൯ െ ൫ξʹ൯ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൫ξͳͲ൯ ൌ ቀͳͲమ ቁ ൌ ሺͳͲሻ ൌ
ξଶ ଶ ଶ

log a (u x ) x log a (u )
ϲϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ log a x (u x ) = x
= = log a (u ) ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ log a (u ) = log a x (u x ) ͘
log a (a ) x
ƉůŝĐĂŶĚŽĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĞĚĂĚĞ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗ log 2
(4) = log ( 2 )2
(42 ) = log 2 (24 ) = 4 ͘

ϲϳ͘ĂͿሺ͸ሻ ൎ Ͳǡ͹͹ͺͳͷ ൎ Ͳǡ͹ͺ
ďͿሺʹͲሻ ൎ ʹǡͻͻͷ͹͵ ൎ ͵ǡͲͲ
୪୬ሺଵ଴଴ሻ
ĐͿ ହ ሺͳͲͲሻ ൌ ൎ ʹǡͺ͸ͳ͵ͷ ൎ ʹǡͺ͸
୪୬ሺହሻ
୪୬ሺଶସሻ
ĚͿ ଷ ሺʹͶሻ ൌ ୪୬ሺଷሻ
ൎ ʹǡͺͻʹ͹ͺͻ ൎ ʹǡͺͻ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϮ
ϲϴ͘&ƵŶĕĆŽŝŶǀĞƌƐĂĚĞ݂͗
භ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚĞĐŚĞŐĂĚĂĚĞ݂ ିଵ ĠԹ͘
ଶ௘ ೣషమ ାଵ ଵ
භ݁ ௫ିଶ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ʹ݁ ௫ିଶ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ʹ݁ ௫ିଶ ൅ ͳ ൐ ͳ ฻ ൐
ଷ ଷ
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙షభ ൌ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ቃ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
ଷ
ଶ௘ ೣషమ ାଵ ଷ௬ିଵ ଷ௬ିଵ ଷ௬ିଵ
භ ൌ‫ݕ‬฻ ʹ݁ ௫ିଶ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͵‫ ݕ‬฻ ݁ ௫ିଶ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ቀ ቁ
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଷ௫ିଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕݂ ൌ ʹ ൅ ቀ ቁ͘
ଶ
ଵ ଷ௫ିଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ିଵ ǣ ቃ ǡ ൅λቂ ื ԹĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽďŝũĞƚŝǀĂĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݂ ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ቀ ቁ͘
ଷ ଶ

&ƵŶĕĆŽŝŶǀĞƌƐĂĚĞ݃͗
ଵ ଵ
භ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͳ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ቃെλǡ ቂ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚĞĐŚĞŐĂĚĂĚĞ݃ିଵ Ġቃെλǡ ቂ͘
ଶ ଶ
භ‫ܦ‬௚షభ ൌ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ Թ


୪୭୥ሺଵିଶ௫ሻ ଵିଵ଴య೤షయ
භ ଷ
൅ͳ ൌ ‫ ݕ‬฻ ሺͳ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳሻ ฻ ͳ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͲଷ௬ିଷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ
ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଵିଵ଴యೣషయ
ŶƚĆŽ͕݃ ൌ ଶ
͘
ଵ ଵିଵ଴యೣషయ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ିଵ ǣ Թ ื ቃെλǡ ቂĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽďŝũĞƚŝǀĂĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݃ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ଶ ଶ

ϲϵ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͻ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെ͵ǡ ͵ሾ

ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂĕĆŽĚĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ȁሿିଷǡଷሾ͗
EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ȁሿെ͵ǡ ͵ሾ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ȁሿିଷǡଷሾ ൌ ሿͲǡ ͻሿ͘
ďͿ^ĞũĂ݄ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƌĞĂůĚĞǀĂƌŝĄǀĞůƌĞĂůĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ଷ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͘

KĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠŽƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂĚŽĚŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽሿͲǡ ͻሿƉĞůĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሿͲǡ ൅λሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞሿͲǡ ͻሿ ‫ܦ ؿ‬௛
භ݄ሺͻሻ ൌ ଷ ሺͻሻ ൌ ʹ
භ௫ื଴శ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ଷ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െλ
භ݄ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ͻሿ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂĚŽĚŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽሿͲǡͻሿƉĞůĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄Ġሿെλǡ ʹሿ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ሿെλǡ ʹሿ͘

ϳϬ͘ĂͿ ଶ ሺ͵ʹሻ ൌ ଶ ሺʹହ ሻ ൌ ͷ
଴
ďͿ ξଶ ሺͳሻ ൌ ξଶ ቀξʹ ቁ ൌ Ͳ
భ
ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ ଶ ቀ ଶቁ ൌ ଶ ቀʹିమ ቁ ൌ െ
ξ ଶ
ସ ଵ
ĚͿ ହ ሺͲǡͲͶሻ ൌ ହ ቀ ቁ ൌ ହ ቀ ቁ ൌ ହ ሺͷିଶ ሻ ൌ െʹ
ଵ଴଴ ଶହ
భ
య
୪୭୥మ ቀ ξଶቁ ୪୭୥మ ቆଶయ ቇ
య ଵȀଷ ଵ
ĞͿ ସ ൫ξʹ൯ ൌ ୪୭୥మ ሺସሻ
ൌ ୪୭୥మ ሺଶమ ሻ
ൌ
ଶ
ൌ
଺

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϯ
ϳϭ͘ĂͿሺͻሻ ൌ ሺ͵ଶ ሻ ൌ ʹ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ʹ݀
ďͿሺʹͲͲሻ ൌ ሺʹ ൈ ͳͲͲሻ ൌ ሺʹሻ ൅ ሺͳͲͲሻ ൌ ܿ ൅ ʹ


ĐͿሺͳͺሻ ൌ ሺʹ ൈ ͵ଶ ሻ ൌ ሺʹሻ ൅ ሺ͵ଶ ሻ ൌ ܿ ൅ ʹ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ܿ ൅ ʹ݀
ଷ
ĚͿሺͳͷሻ ൌ ሺͳͲ ൈ ͳǡͷሻ ൌ ቀͳͲ ൈ ଶቁ ൌ ሺͳͲሻ ൅ ሺ͵ሻ െ ሺʹሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ݀ െ ܿ

୪୭୥రሺଷሻ
ϳϮ͘ͷ௫ ൌ ͷ୪୭୥ఱ ሺସሻൈ୪୭୥రሺଷሻ ൌ ൣͷ୪୭୥ఱ ሺସሻ ൧ ൌ Ͷ୪୭୥ర ሺଷሻ ൌ ͵

ϳϯ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂܽ ‫ א‬ሿͲǡ ൅λሾ̳ሼͳሽ͕ ௔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽ
ǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞƐŝŵƵůƚĂŶĞĂŵĞŶƚĞĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĞĂŽĞŝǆŽܱ‫ݔ‬ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ͵Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕Ž
ĐŽŵƉƌŝŵĞŶƚŽĚŽůĂĚŽĚŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĐŽŶƚŝĚŽŶĞƐƚĞĞŝǆŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹ͘
KĐŽŵƉƌŝŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƵŵůĂĚŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݂ሺͷሻ ൌ ௔ ሺͷ െ ʹሻ ൌ ௔ ሺ͵ሻ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĚŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹ ௔ ሺ͵ሻ͘
ర
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ ʹ ௔ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ͺ ฻ ௔ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ܽସ ൌ ͵ ฻ ܽ ൌ ξ͵

ϳϰ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെʹǡ ൅λሾ
ďͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թ ȁ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ െʹ ฻ ‫ א ݔ‬Թ
ĐͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ȁ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼ͵ሽ ȁȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ȁ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫͵ ് ݔ‬
ĚͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ൜‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͳ ൅ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൒ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳൠ

మ
KƌĂ͗
ͳ ൅ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൒ Ͳ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൒ െͳ ଵ ିଵ
ቊ మ ฻ቊ మ ฻ ቊͲ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൑ ቀଶቁ ฻ Ͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൑ ʹ ฻
‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳ
฻ ʹ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሿʹǡ Ͷሿ͘
ĞͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ Ͷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെʹǡ ʹሾ
௫ାଵ
ĨͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ൐ Ͳቅ
௫ିଶ
௫ାଵ
KƌĂ͕௫ିଶ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെλǡ െͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሿെλǡ െͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϰ
ϳϱ͘ĂͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ

‫ݔ‬൅ʹ൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െʹ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ
‫ݔ‬െͳ൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
භ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൐ Ͳሽ
KƌĂ͕ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെλǡ െʹሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሿെλǡ െʹሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘


ďͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ Ͳሽ
KƌĂ͕‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫͘Ͳ ് ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ͘
භ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թା

భ భ
୪୬ቀ ቁ ୪୬ቀ శ ቁ ୪୬ሺାஶሻ ାஶ
ϳϲ͘ĂͿ௫ื଴శ ೣ
ൌ బ
଴శ
ൌ ଴శ
ൌ ൌ ൅λ
௫ ଴శ
ଵ ଵ
ďͿ௫ืାஶ ൤‫ ݔ‬భ ቀ ቁ൨ ൌ ൅λ ൈ భ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ ൈ భ ሺͲା ሻ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ ൅λ
మ ௫ మ ାஶ మ
§ ·
ln( x)¨ 2 + 1 ¸ 2 + 1
ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵ
ĐͿ௫ืାஶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଷ ൌ lim © ln( x ) ¹= +∞ = 2 + 0 = 2
§ · 3 1+ 0
ln( x)¨1 + 3 ¸ 1 + +∞
x →+∞
© ln( x) ¹

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϱ
ϳϳ͘ĂͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ݔ‬൅͵൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ͵
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ െ͵ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ
ͳെ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെ͵ǡ ͳሾ͘
WĂƌĂ‫͕ܦ א ݔ‬ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൌ ଶሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൌ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ
KƌĂെͳ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሼെͳሽ͘
ďͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ Ͷ ൐ Ͳሽ
ʹെ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൏ʹ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
‫ݔ‬െͶ൐Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐Ͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ‫׎‬Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠ‫͘׎‬
ĐͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ͵ ר‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ݔ‬െ͸൐Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐͸
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͵ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ ͸
͵െ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെλǡ ͵ሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿ͸ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ ଶ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ሻ ൅ ଶሺʹሻ ൌ ଶሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ଶ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹሻ ൌ ଶሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹ ൌ ͵ െ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ
KƌĂͷ ‫͘ܦ ב‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠ‫͘׎‬
ĚͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ͺ ൐ Ͳሽ
‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐Ͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͺ
‫ݔ‬െͺ൐Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐ͺ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿͺǡ ൅λሾ͘


ଷ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଷሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͺሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͺ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
଼േξ଺ସାଷ଺
฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͻ
KƌĂെͳ ‫ܦ ב‬Ğͻ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሼͻሽ͘
ĞͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ
‫ݔ‬൅Ͷ൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͶ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
଺ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ െ ଺ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଺ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൌ ଺ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ଺ ͸ ฻
฻ ଺ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൌ ଺ ሺ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ ฻ ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͲ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ
KƌĂʹ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሼʹሽ͘
ĨͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳǡʹ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͳǡʹ
ା
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ Թ ͘
ʹ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳǡʹሻ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ሺͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ହേξଶହାଶସ
฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͸
KƌĂെͳ ‫ܦ ב‬Ğ͸ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሼ͸ሽ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϲ
ϳϴ͘ĂͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թା
ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ ଶሺͷሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͷ
KƌĂሿെλǡ ͷሾ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͲǡͷሾ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͲǡ ͷሾ͘
భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ భ ሺͷሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͷ
మ మ
KƌĂሿͷǡ ൅λሾ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͷǡ ൅λሾ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͷǡ ൅λሾ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
KƌĂ͕ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെλǡ ͳሾ͘
ଷሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ʹ ฻ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ െͺ
KƌĂሾെͺǡ ൅λሾ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሾെͺǡͳሾ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሾെͺǡ ͳሾ͘


‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൅ ͵ ൐ Ͳሽ
‫ݔ‬൅ʹ൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െʹ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െʹ
‫ݔ‬൅͵൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൐ ͳʹ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ሻ ൐ ͳʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ ൐ ͳʹ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ െ͸ ‫ ݔ ש‬൐ ͳ
KƌĂሺሿെλǡ െ͸ሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾሻ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ Ͳሽ
ଶ
KƌĂ͕‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫͘Ͳ ് ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ͘
భ
ଵ
଼ଵሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൑ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൑ ͺͳమ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൑ ͻ ฻ െ͵ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͵
ଶ
KƌĂሾെ͵ǡ͵ሿ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሾെ͵ǡ͵ሿ̳ሼͲሽ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሾെ͵ǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿͲǡ ͵ሿ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϳ
ϳϵ͘ĂͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ݔ‬െͳ൐Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐ͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ
ʹെ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൏ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿͳǡ ʹሾ͘
ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൒ ͳ ൅ ଶሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൒ ଶ ሺʹሻ ൅ ଶ ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻
ହ
฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൒ ଶ ሺͶ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൒ Ͷ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬൒ ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ଷ
ହ ହ ହ
KƌĂቂ ǡ ൅λቂ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ቂ ǡ ʹቂ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቂ ǡ ʹቂ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ͵ͳ ר‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ͵
ͳ͵ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿͳǡ ͳ͵ሾ͘
ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൑ ͷ െ ଶሺͳ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ଶሺͳ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ͷ ฻
฻ ଶ ሺെ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳͶ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ͵ሻ ൑ ͷ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳͶ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ͵ ൑ ͵ʹ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳͶ‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷͷ ൑ Ͳ ฻
฻ െሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͻሻ ൑ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͻሻ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ ͻ
KƌĂሺሿെλǡ ͷሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾͻǡ ൅λሾሻ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͳǡͷሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾͻǡͳ͵ሾ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͳǡ ͷሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾͻǡ ͳ͵ሾ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
ା


ଵ
ʹ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൑ భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ฻ భ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሿ ൑ భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ భ ቀ ቁ ฻
ర ర ర ర ర ସ
௫
฻ భ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሿ ൑ భ ቆ భ ቇ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൒ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൒ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൒ Ͳ ฻
ర ర ర
฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫ א ݔ‬Թ
KƌĂԹ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ Թା ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠԹା ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
KƌĂ͕ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെλǡ ʹሾ͘
‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሾሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹሿ ൒ Ͳ ฻
ଶି௫
฻ ‫ݔ‬ሾሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺ݁ ଶ ሻሿ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ቀ మ ቁ ൒ Ͳ
௘
ଶି௫
ůĂďŽƌĞŵŽƐ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫͕ܦ א ݔ‬ƵŵƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ቀ ቁ͗
௘మ
ଶି௫ ଶି௫
ቀ ௘ మ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ െ ݁ ଶ
௘మ

െλ ʹ െ ݁ ଶ Ͳ ʹ
‫ݔ‬ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
ʹെ‫ݔ‬ െ Ͳ െ െ െ
൬ ଶ ൰
݁
ʹെ‫ݔ‬ ൅ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘
‫ ݔ‬൬ ଶ ൰
݁

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሾʹ െ ݁ ଶ ǡ Ͳሿ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ሽ ൌ ሿͲǡ ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ
ଶି௫
ůĂďŽƌĞŵŽƐ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫͕ܦ א ݔ‬ƵŵƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ ͗
୪୭୥ ௫

Ͳ ͳ ʹ ൅λ
ʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
‫ݔ‬ െ ൅ ൅ ൅
ʹെ‫ݔ‬ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ

‫ݔ‬

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͲǡ ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬͸ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ െͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ
͸ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെͳǡ ʹሾ͘


ůĂďŽƌĞŵŽƐ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫͕ܦ א ݔ‬ƵŵƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ Ǥ ଶሺ͸ െ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ͘

െͳ Ͳ ͷ ʹ

͵
ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
ଶ ሺ͸ െ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ Ǥ ଶ ሺ͸ െ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘

ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿെͳǡ Ͳሿ ‫ ׫‬ቂ ǡ ʹቂ͘
ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϬ
ϴϬ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͘
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ௫ ൅ ʹି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ௫ ൈ ሺʹሻ ൅ ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൈ ʹି௫ ൈ ሺʹሻ ൌ ሺʹሻ ሺʹ௫ െ ʹି௫ ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹሻ ሺʹ௫ െ ʹି௫ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ௫ െ ʹି௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ௫ ൌ ʹି௫ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ͘
ᇱ ᇱ
భ భ భ భ
ଵ ᇱ భ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ͵ೣ ቁ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൈ ͵ೣ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ቀ͵ೣ ቁ ൌ ͵ೣ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ቀ ቁ ൈ ͵ೣ ൈ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ
௫
భ భ భ
ଵ ୪୬ሺଷሻ
ൌ ͵ೣ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ቀെ ௫ మ ቁ ൈ ͵ೣ ൈ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ͵ೣ ቀͳ െ ௫
ቁ
భ భ
୪୬ሺଷሻ ୪୬ሺଷሻ ୪୬ሺଷሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵ೣ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൌͲ฻ ͵ᇣᇤᇥ
ೣ ൌ Ͳ‫ͳש‬െ ൌͲ฻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺ͵ሻ
௫ ௫ ௫
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮Ǥ

బ
బ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ௬ ଵ ଵ
ϴϭ͘ĂͿභ௫ืଵ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ ೐೤ షభ
ൌ ൌ ͳ
௫ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ୪୧୫೤ืబ ଵ
௬ୀ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ೤
బ
బ
௫ାଶ ሺ௘ ೤ ିଷሻାଶ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
භ௫ืିଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ାଷሻ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ͳ
௬ ௬
௬ୀ୪୬ሺ௫ାଷሻ
బ
బ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺ௬ାଵሻ
ďͿභ௫ืଵ ௫ିଵ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴
௬
ൌ ͳ
௬ୀ௫ିଵ
బ
బ
௫ାଶ ௬ ଵ ଵ
භ௫ืିଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ାଷሻ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ୪୬ሺ௬ାଵሻ ൌ ౢ౤ሺ೤శభሻ ൌ ൌ ͳ
୪୧୫೤ืబ ଵ
௬ୀ௫ାଶ ೤

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϭ
ϴϮ͘ĂͿ^ĞũĂ݃ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ g ( x) = ln( x) ͖ǀĞŵ͕ g ′( x) =

1 Ğ g ′( f ( x)) = 1 ͘
x f ( x)
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ (ln( f ( x))′ = f ′( x) × g ′( f ( x)) = f ′( x) ×

1 = f ′( x) ͘
f ( x) f ( x)


ďͿ^ĞũĂ݃ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ g ( x) = log a ( x) ͖ǀĞŵ͕ g ′( x) =
1 Ğ g ′( f ( x)) = 1 ͘
x ln(a ) f ( x)ln(a)
1 f ′( x)
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ (log a ( f ( x))′ = f ′( x) × g ′( f ( x)) = f ′( x) × = ͘
f ( x)ln(a) f ( x)ln(a )

ϴϯ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թା ̳ሼͳሽ͘
భ
௫ ᇱ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻି௫ൈ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ୪୬ሺ௫ሻቁ ൌ ୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ
ೣ
ൌ
୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ

୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ‫ ר‬ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁
୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͘
ሺ௘ ೣ ାଵሻᇲ ௘ೣ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ͳሻሻᇱ ൌ ௘ ೣ ାଵ
ൌ ௘ ೣ ାଵ
௘ೣ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
௘ ೣ ାଵ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թା
భ భ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଵି୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ሺଵି୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻሻᇲ ൈ௫ିሺଵି୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻሻൈሺ௫ሻᇲ ି ൈ௫ିଵା୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ ି ିଵା୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ
݂ ൌቀ ௫ ቁ ൌ ௫మ
ൌ ೣൈౢ౤ሺభబሻ మ ൌ ౢ౤ሺభబሻ మ ൌ
௫ ௫
ି ୪୭୥ሺ௘ሻିଵା୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ ௫మ

ି ୪୭୥ሺ௘ሻିଵା୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫మ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ሺ݁ሻ െ ͳ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻
฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ሻ ൅ ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳͲ݁ሻ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͲ݁
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թା ͘
ᇱ ᇲ భ
୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ ൫୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ൯ ൈ௫ି୪୬మሺ௫ሻൈሺ௫ሻᇲ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻൈ ൈ௫ି୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻି୪୬మሺ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫
ቁ ൌ
௫మ
ൌ ೣ
௫మ
ൌ ௫మ
ൌ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻሺଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻ
ൌ ௫మ

୪୬ሺ௫ሻሺଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫మ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ש‬െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳሻ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻
ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ݁

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϮ
ϴϰ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ (e x − x )′ = e x − 1 ͘
KƌĂ͕ŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ [1,+∞[ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ e − 1 > 0 Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĨĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͘ŶƚĆŽ͕
x
e x −1 ≥ e1 − 1 ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∀x ≥ 1, e x − x > 0 ͘

§ ′
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ¨ e x −
x 2 · = e x − x ͘
© 2 ¹¸
x
ƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽăĐŽŶĐůƵƐĆŽŽďƚŝĚĂĞŵĂͿ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ e −
x 2 ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ
2
2 2
[1,+∞[ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ e x − x2 ≥ e − 12 ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∀x ≥ 1, e x − x2 > 0


x
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĂƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽăĐŽŶĐůƵƐĆŽŽďƚŝĚĂĞŵďͿ͕ ∀x ≥ 1, e −
x 2 > 0 ͘
2
2
2 ex − x x x
KƌĂ͕ e x −
x > 0 ∧ x ≥1 2 > 0 e − x > 0 e > x ͘
2 x x 2 x 2
x
x e = +∞ ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞ lim = +∞ ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞ lim
x→+∞ 2 x →+∞ x
ಮ
ೣ ௞ ೣ ௞ ಮ
௘ೣ ଵ ௘ೖ ଵ ௘ೖ ଵ ௘೤ ௞
ĚͿ௫ืାஶ ೖ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൥ ೖ ቆ ೣ ቇ ൩ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቆ ೣ ቇ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ืାஶ ቀ ௬ ቁ ൌ
௫ ௞ ௞ೖ ೣ
௞ ೖ
ೖ ೖ
௬ୀ
ೖ
ଵ ௘೤ ௞ ଵ
ൌ ൈ ቀ௬ืାஶ ௬ ቁ ൌ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ௞ ൌ ൅λ
௞ೖ ௞ೖ

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϯ
ಮ
ಮ
௘ ೣ ା௘ షೣ ௘ೣ ௘ షೣ ௘ೣ ௘ షೣ
ϴϱ͘ĂͿ௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ ฎ ௫ืାஶ ቀ ௫ ൅ ቁ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൅ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
௫ ௫ ௫
଴
ൌ ൅λ ൅ ൌ ൅λ
ାஶ
ಮ
ಮ
௘ ೣశభ ௘ ೣశభ ௘ ௘ ௘
ďͿ௫ืାஶ ௘ ೣ ା௫ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ೣ ೣ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ೣ ൌ ೣ ൌ ൌ ݁
௘ ቀଵା ೣቁ ଵା ೣ ଵା୪୧୫ೣืశಮ ೣ ଵା଴
೐ ೐ ೐
ಮ
ಮ
௫మ ଵ ௫మ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ௫ืାஶ బǡభೣ ൌ
ฎ ൈ ൌ ൈ ೐బǡభೣ
ൌ ൈ బǡభ ൌ
ଶ௘ ଶ ௫ืାஶ ௘ బǡభೣ ଶ ௫ืାஶ ଶ ௫ืାஶ ቀ ೐ೣ ቁ
ೣమ ೣమబ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ൈ ೐ೣ
బǡభ ൌ ൈ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ ଶ ାஶ
୪୧୫ೣืశಮ ቀ మబ ቁ
ೣ
ಮ
ಮ
୪୬ሺ௫ାଵሻమ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ାଵሻ ୪୬ሺ௬ሻ
ĚͿ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ଶ௫ାଵ ൌ
ณ ʹ ൈ ௬ืାஶ ଶ௬ିଵ ൌ
ଶ௫ାଵ
௬ୀ௫ାଵ
୪୬ሺ௬ሻ ௬ ଵ
ൌʹൈ ௬ืାஶ ቂ ௬ ൈ ቃ ൌʹൈ ቀͲ ൈ ቁ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ௬ିଵ ଶ
଴ൈஶ
ଶ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௬ሻ
ĞͿ௫ื଴శ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀ ቁቃ ต
ฎ ௬ืାஶ ቂ ൈ ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻቃ ൌ ʹ ௬ืାஶ
ൌ ௬
ൌ ʹ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ௬
మ
௬ୀ
ೣ
ஶିஶ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ĨͿ௫ืାஶሾ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀͳ െ
௫
ቁቃ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ሺͳ െ Ͳሻ ൌ ൅λ
ಮ
ಮ
୪୭୥ ௫ ln( x)
ŐͿ௫ืାஶ ೌ ൌ
௫
ฎ lim × 1 = 0
x →+∞ x ln(a)


WĄŐ͘ϭϮϰ
ஶൈ଴ ሺ‫כ‬ሻ
ଵ ௫ ௫ ଵ ଵ
ϴϲ͘ĂͿ௫ืାஶ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ቀ ቁ ቃตൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ೣ ൌ మೣ
ൌ ฎ Ͳ ͮሺ‫כ‬ሻsġĞǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƌĞƐŽůǀŝĚŽϮ͘ĂͿ
ൌ
ଶ ଶ ୪୧୫ೣืశಮ ାஶ
మ ೣ
௬ୀ
ೣ
భ భ భ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ‫ ݔ‬ೣ ൌ ݁ ୪୬ሺ௫ ೣ ሻ ൌ ݁ ೣ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ൌ ݁ ೣ ͘
భ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕௫ืାஶ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݁
ೣ ೣ ൌ ݁ ୪୧୫ೣืశಮ ೣ ൌ ݁ ଴ ൌ ͳ͘

y
ϴϳ͘ lim( xn n ) = e
lim( yn ln( xn ))
= elim yn ×ln(lim yn ) = ebln( a ) = (eln( a ) )b = ab

ϴϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ lim
n+2 = 1
2n + 3 2
භ lim
2n − 1 = 2
n+3
භ ∀n,
n+ 2 > 0
2n + 3
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŶĚŽĞŵĐŽŶƚĂŽƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽĚŽĞǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽϴϳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞŽůŝŵŝƚĞƉĞĚŝĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ
ଵ ଶ ଵ
ቀ ቁ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ ͘
ଶ ସ

೙మ శభ ೙మ శభ
௡ାଶ మషయ೙ ௡ାଶ ୪୧୫మషయ೙ ଵ ିஶ
ϴϵ͘ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ௡ାଷ ଶ௡ାଷ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϱ
ϵϬ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͘
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾʹሺ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ ൅ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹሺ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ ൅ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹሺͲǡͷ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ െ Ͳǡͷ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ሻ ൌ
ൌ ʹ ൈ Ͳǡͷሺ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ െ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ െ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ െ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ ൌ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ฻ ͲǤͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͲǡͷ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ െ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ Ͳǡͷ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ ൅ Ͳǡͷ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ൌ Ͳǡͷሺ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ ൅ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͳǡͷሺ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ ൅ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ଴ǡହ௫ ൅ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ͘
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ͵‫ି ݁ݔ‬଴ǡଶ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ͵ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻƲ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሻᇱ ሿ ൌ ͵ሺ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ି ݁ݔ‬଴ǡଶ௫ ሻ ൌ
ൌ ͵݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ᇣᇧ ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫
ᇧᇤᇧൌ ᇧᇥ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ש‬െ Ͳǡʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮Ǥ
ᇱ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫͵݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ൯ ൌ ͵ሾሺ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሻᇱ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ሿ ൌ
ൌ ͵ሾെͲǡʹ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሺͳ െ Ͳǡʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳǡʹ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሿ ൌ ͵݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሾെͲǡʹ ൅ ͲǡͲͶ‫ ݔ‬െ Ͳǡʹሿ ൌ
ൌ ͵݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሺͲǡͲͶ‫ ݔ‬െ ͲǡͶሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሺͲǡͲͶ‫ ݔ‬െ ͲǡͶሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ᇣᇧ ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫
ᇧᇤᇧൌᇧᇥͲ ‫Ͳ ש‬ǡͲͶ‫ ݔ‬െ ͲǡͶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͲ
ୣ୯Ǥ୧୫୮Ǥ


ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թା Ǥ
భ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ൈ௫ିሺ௫ሻᇲ ൈ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ൈ௫ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
භ݂ ൌ ቀ ௫ ቁ ൌ ௫మ
ൌ ೣ
௫మ
ൌ ௫మ
ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁
ᇲ భ
ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ൈ௫ మ ି൫௫ మ ൯ ൈሺଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻ ି ൈ௫ మ ିଶ௫ൈሺଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫మ
ቁ ൌ ௫ర
ൌ ೣ
௫ర
ൌ
ିଷ௫ାଶ௫ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ିଷାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ ௫ర
ൌ ௫య

య
ିଷାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫య
ൌͲ ฻ െ͵ ൅ ʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଷ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ మ
ଵ
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թା ̳ ቄ ቅ͘
ଶ
ᇱ మ
௫ ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻି௫ൈ ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻିଵ
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ୪୬మ ሺଶ௫ሻ మೣ ൌ మ ሺଶ௫ሻ
୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ୪୬
୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻିଵ ௘
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ మ ሺଶ௫ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ר‬ ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
୪୬ ଶ
ᇲ
୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻିଵ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻିଵሿᇲ ൈ୪୬మሺଶ௫ሻି൫୪୬మሺଶ௫ሻ൯ ൈሾ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻିଵሿ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
୪୬మ ሺଶ௫ሻ ୪୬ర ሺଶ௫ሻ
మ మ మ భ మ మ
ൈ୪୬ ሺଶ௫ሻିଶ ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻൈ ൈሾ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻିଵሿ ൈ୪୬ ሺଶ௫ሻି ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻൈሾ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻିଵሿ
ൌ మೣ మೣ ೣ
ൌ ೣ
ൌ
୪୬ర ሺଶ௫ሻ ୪୬ర ሺଶ௫ሻ
భ మ మ
ൈൣ୪୬ ሺଶ௫ሻିଶ ୪୬ ሺଶ௫ሻାଶ ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ൧ ି ୪୬మ ሺଶ௫ሻାଶ ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ଶି୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ
ൌ ೣ
୪୬ర ሺଶ௫ሻ
ൌ௫ ୪୬ర ሺଶ௫ሻ
ൌ
௫ ୪୬య ሺଶ௫ሻ

ଶି୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ௘ మ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ ୪୬య ሺଶ௫ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଷ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ

ϵϭ͘ĂͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
භDŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൈ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൈ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ݁ ௫ ൈ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൈ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ
ିଵିξହ ିଵାξହ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ‫ݔ ש‬ ൌ
ଶ

െλ െͳ െ ξͷ െͳ ൅ ξͷ ൅λ

ʹ ʹ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ŵĄǆ͘ƌĞů͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ƌĞů͘ ա
ĚĞ݂

ିଵିξହ ିଵାξହ ିଵିξହ ିଵାξଷ
݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ଶ
ሿĞĞŵሾ ଶ ǡ ൅λሾĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂ ଶ ǡ ଶ ቃ͘
ିଵିξହ ିଵାξହ
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ͘
භ^ĞŶƚŝĚŽĚĂƐĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൈ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൈ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ Ͳ
െλ െ͵ Ͳ ൅λ
ଶ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵‫ݔ‬
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ W͘/͘ W͘/͘

ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿെλǡ െ͵ሿĞĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሾെ͵ǡ Ͳሿ͖ƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ĞĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ͘
භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
‫ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݕ‬
଴ൈஶ ଶ
‫ ݕ‬൅‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬ଶ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ต ฎ ሾ݁ ି௬ ሺ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݕ‬ሻሿ ൌ
ൌ ൌ ൌ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืିஶ ௬ืାஶ ௬ืାஶ ݁ ௬ ௬ืାஶ ݁௬
௬ୀି௫
‫ݕ‬ଶ
ͳ
ൌ ൌ Ͳ
൅λ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௘ ೣ ൫௫ మ ି௫൯
௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืାஶ
௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሿ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ ൅λ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ŶĆŽƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĞŵ൅λ͘
භŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽ
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞĚĞƐĞƚĞƌ௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ൅λ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ
షభశξఱ
ିଵାξହ
‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ቂ݂ ቀ ቁ ǡ ൅λቂ ൌ ൤݁ మ ൈ ൫ʹ െ ξͷ൯ǡ ൅λ൤͘
ଶ
ďͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ ׷‬ሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ
భ ᇱ భ భ ᇱ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ‫ ݁ݔ‬ೣ ቁ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൈ ቀ݁ ೣ ቁ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ቀ݁ ೣ ቁ ൌ
భ భ భ
ଵ ଵ భ భ
ଵ
ൌ ݁ ೣ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൈ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ೣ െ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ೣ ቀͳ െ ቁ
௫మ ௫ ௫
భ
ଵ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ೣ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ൌ Ͳ ‫ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬
௫ ௫
‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ

െλ Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
ଵ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ ൅ ൅
݁௫
ͳ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
ͳെ
‫ݔ‬
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĚĞ݂ ƌĞů͘

݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ ͲሾĞĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ͳሿ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͘
ᇱ ᇱ
భ
ଵ భ
ଵ భ
ଵ ᇱ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂ݁ ೣ ቀͳ െ ቁቃ ൌ ቀ݁ ೣ ቁ ൈ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൅ ݁ ೣ ൈ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൌ
௫ ௫ ௫
భ
భ భ భ భ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ௘ೣ
ൌെ ൈ ݁ ೣ ൈ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൅ ݁ ೣ ൈ ൌ ݁ ೣ ቀെ ൅ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁ೣ ൈ ൌ ௫ య
௫మ ௫ ௫మ ௫మ ௫య ௫మ ௫య
భ
భ
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ௘ೣ
݂ ൌͲ฻ ௫య
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ೣ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬


െλ Ͳ ൅λ
ଵ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅
݁௫
ଷ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ

ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿെλǡ ͲሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሿͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ̳ሼͲሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů
ĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
భ
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ቀ‫ ݁ݔ‬ೣ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ൈ ݁ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
భ ଴ൈஶ
ଵ ௘೤
ฎ ௬ืାஶ ቀ ݁ ௬ ቁ ൌ ௬ืାஶ
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ቀ‫ ݁ݔ‬ೣ ቁ ต
ൌ ൌ ൅λ
௬ ௬
భ
௬ୀ
ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
భ
భ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௫௘ ೣ
௫ืିஶ ௫
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ଴ ൌ ͳ ͮŵ൅λŽƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽĠŝĚġŶƚŝĐŽ
௫
ଵ
ሺ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൬‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ െ ‫ݔ‬൰ ൌ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืିஶ
భ ஶൈ଴
ଵ
ฎ ௬ื଴ ቂ ሺ݁ ௬ െ ͳሻቃ ൌ
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀ݁ ೣ െ ͳቁቃ ต
ൌ
௬
భ
௬ୀ
ೣ
௘ ೤ ିଵ
ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ͳ ͮŵ൅λŽƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽĠŝĚġŶƚŝĐŽ
௬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĞŵെλĞĞŵ൅λ͘
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ͗
‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሾ݂ሺͳሻǡ ൅λሾ ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾ
ĐͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
ᇱ ᇲ
ଷ ሺଷሻᇲ ൈ൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯ିଷൈ൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯ ିଷൈଶൈሺିଶሻൈ௘ షమೣ ଵଶ௘ షమೣ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ቁ ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻమ
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻమ
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻమ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଵଶ௘ షమೣ
݂ ൌͲ ฻ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳʹ݁ ିଶ௫ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬൅ ʹ݁ ିଶ௫ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ᇱ
dĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ݂ ĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵԹĞ݂ŶĆŽƚĞŵĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ͘
ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ
ଵଶ௘ షమೣ ൫ଵଶ௘ షమೣ ൯ ൈ൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯ ିଵଶ௘ షమೣ ൈቂ൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯ ቃ
݂ ൌ ቂሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻమ ቃ ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻర
ൌ
షమೣ షమೣ మ షమೣ షమೣ ᇲ
ିଶସ௘ ൈ൫ଵାଶ௘ ൯ ିଵଶ௘ ൈଶ൫ଵାଶ௘ ൯൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻర
ൌ
షమೣ షమೣ మ
ିଶସ௘ ൈ൫ଵାଶ௘ ൯ ିଵଶ௘ షమೣ ൈଶ൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯൫ିସ௘ షమೣ ൯ ൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯ൣିଶସ௘ షమೣ ൫ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൯ିଵଶ௘ షమೣ ൈଶ൫ିସ௘ షమೣ ൯൧
ൌ
ିଶସ௘ షమೣ ିସ଼௘ షరೣ ାଽ଺௘ షరೣ ିଶସ௘ షమೣ ାସ଼௘ షరೣ ଶସ௘ షమೣ ൫ଶ௘ షమೣ ିଵ൯
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻయ


ଶସ௘ షమೣ ൫ଶ௘ షమೣ ିଵ൯ ଵ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ሻయ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ݁ ିଶ௫ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬൅ ʹ݁ ିଶ௫ ് Ͳ ฻ ݁ ିଶ௫ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ ଶ

െλ ሺʹሻ ൅λ

ʹ
ʹͶ݁ ିଶ௫ ൅ ൅ ൅
ʹ݁ ିଶ௫ െ ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
ሺͳ ൅ ʹ݁ ିଶ௫ ሻଷ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ W͘/͘


୪୬ሺଶሻ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቃെλǡ ቃĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ଶ
୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
ďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂ ǡ ൅λቂ͖ƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ͘
ଶ
ଷ ଷ
௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ଵାஶ
ଷ ଷ
௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ଵାଶ௘ షమೣ ൌ ൌ ͵
ଵା଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͵ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሿͲǡ ͵ሾ͘
ĚͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թା ̳ሼ݁ሽ
ᇲ భ
ଶ௫ ᇱ ሺଶ௫ሻᇲ ൈሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻିଶ௫ൈ൫ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻ൯ ଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻିଶ௫ൈ ଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻିଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ
ൌ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ
ೣ
ൌ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ൌ
ଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵିଵሻ ଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶሻ
ൌ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ൌ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ
ଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሻଶ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଶ

Ͳ ݁ ݁ ଶ ൅λ
ʹሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹሻ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሻଶ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĚĞ݂ ƌĞů͘

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ݁ሾĞĞŵሿ݁ǡ ݁ ଶ ሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾ݁ ଶ ǡ ൅λሾ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽ͕ŝŐƵĂůĂʹ݁ ଶ ͕Ğŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଶ ͘


ᇲ
ଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶሻ ᇱ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶ ᇱ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶሻᇲ ൈሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ିሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶሻൈൣሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ൧
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ቁ ൌ ʹ ൈ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻర
ൌ
భ భ భ
ൈሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻమ ିሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶሻൈଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻൈ ൈሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻሾሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻିሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶሻൈଶሿ
ൌʹൈ ೣ
ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻర
ೣ
ൌʹൈ ೣ
ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻర
ൌ
ଷି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଶሺଷି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻ
ൌ ʹ ൈ ௫ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻయ ൌ ௫ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻయ
ଶሺଷି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሻయ ൌ Ͳ ‫א ݔ ר‬ ‫ܦ‬௙ ฻
฻ ͵ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ר‬ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሻ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଷ
ଷ

Ͳ ݁ ݁ ଷ ൅λ
ʹሺ͵ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
‫ݔ‬ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሻଷ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿͲǡ ݁ሾĞĞŵሾ݁ ଷ ǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿ݁ǡ ݁ ଷ ሿ͖ƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଷ ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹା ̳ሼ݁ሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌ
ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଶ௫ ଴శ
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ቀ ቁ ൌ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଶ௫ ଶ௘
௫ื௘ ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื௘ ష ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ െλ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ଴ష
ଶ௫ ଶ௘
௫ื௘ శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื௘ శ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൅λ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ଴శ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
మೣ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ౢ౤ሺೣሻషభ ଶ ଶ
௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ௫ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ାஶ
ಮ
ಮ
ଶ௫ ଶ ଶ ଶ
௫ืାஶ ሺ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ భ ൌ
଴ି଴
ൌ ൌ λ
଴
ି
ೣ ೣ
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሾʹ݁ ଶ ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ĞͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
ଵ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬൅ ൐ Ͳ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ቅ ൌ Թା ̳ሼ݁ሽ
௫
ଵ ௫ మ ାଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
௫ ௫
ା
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ ͘
భ ᇲ భ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଵ ᇱ ቀ௫ା ቁ ଵି మ ௫ మ ିଵ
݂ ൌ ቀ ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁቁ ൌ ೣ
భ ൌ ೣ
భ ൌ
௫ ௫ା ௫ା ௫ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻ
ೣ ೣ
௫ మ ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ
௫ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻ

Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
ଶ െ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ
‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĚĞ݂ ĂďƐ͘

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ͳሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
݂ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽ͕ŝŐƵĂůĂሺʹሻ͕Ğŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͘
ᇱ ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
௫ మ ିଵ ௫ మ ିଵ ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ ൈ൫௫ య ା௫൯ି൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ൈ൫௫ య ା௫൯
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
௫ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻ ௫ య ା௫ ሺ௫ య ା௫ሻమ
ଶ௫ൈ൫௫ య ା௫൯ି൫௫ మ ିଵ൯ൈ൫ଷ௫ మ ାଵ൯ ଶ௫ ర ାଶ௫ మ ିଷ௫ ర ି௫ మ ାଷ௫ మ ାଵ ି௫ ర ାସ௫ మ ାଵ ି௫ ర ାସ௫ మ ାଵ
ൌ ሺ௫ య ା௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ య ା௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺ௫ య ା௫ሻమ ൌ ሾ௫ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻሿమ
ି௫ ర ାସ௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௫ య మ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ ് Ͳ ‫ݔ ר‬ ‫ܦ א‬௙
ା௫ሻ
௬ୀ௫ మ ௬ୀ௫ మ
ସ ଶ ฏ ଶ ฏ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞെ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ‫ ݕ‬൅ Ͷ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ξͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ξͷ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െඥʹ ൅ ξͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ඥʹ ൅ ξͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ඥʹ ൅ ξͷ͘

Ͳ ൅λ
ටʹ ൅ ξͷ
െ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
ሾ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻሿଶ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘

ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቃͲǡ ඥʹ ൅ ξͷቃĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂ
ƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂඥʹ ൅ ξͷǡ ൅λቂ͖ƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ඥʹ ൅ ξͷ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹା ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଵ
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫


ଵ
௫ืାஶ ሺ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ሺ൅λ ൅ Ͳሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሾሺʹሻ ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ĨͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݁ ׷‬௫ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թା
ሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻᇲ ௘ೣ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ݁ ௫ െ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ൌ ௘ ೣ ିଵ
௘ ೣ ିଵ
௘ೣ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
௘ ೣ ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵԹା ͘

ᇱ
݁௫
݂ ൌቆ ௫ ቇ ൌ
݁ െͳ
ሺ௘ ೣ ሻᇲ ൈሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻିሺ௘ ೣ ሻൈሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻᇲ
ൌ ሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻమ
ൌ
௘ ೣ ൈሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻିሺ௘ ೣ ሻൈ௘ ೣ
ൌ
௘ మೣ ି௘ ೣ ି௘ మೣ ି௘ ೣ
ି௘ ೣ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௘ ೣ ିଵሻమ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ െ݁ ௫ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݁ ר‬௫ െ ͳ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞŵƉƌĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽ͘
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሺ݁ ௫ െ ͳሻ ൌ ሺͲሻ ൌ െλ


ሺ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ݁ ௫ െ ͳሻ െ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ
௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ሾሺ݁ ௫ െ ͳሻ െ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻሿ ൌ

௘ ೣ ିଵ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂ ቀͳ െ ቁቃ ൌ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ
௘ೣ ௘ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘

ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ Թ͘
ŐͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
ଵ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬െ ൐ Ͳ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ቅ
௫
ଵ ௫ మ ିଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞǣ ‫ ݔ‬െ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
௫ ௫
െλ െͳ Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
ଶ ൅ Ͳ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ
‫ݔ‬ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ െ Ͳ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅

‫ݔ‬
฻ ‫א ݔ‬ሿ െ ͳǡͲሾ‫׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌሿ െ ͳǡͲሾ‫׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
భ ᇲ భ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଵ ᇱ ቀ௫ି ቁ ଵା మ ௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ൌ ቀ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁቁ ൌ ೣ
భ ൌ ೣ
భ ൌ
௫ ௫ି ௫ି ௫ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻ
ೣ ೣ
௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
௫ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻ

െͳ Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ
‫ݔ‬ െ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅
ଶ Ͳ െ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա
ĚĞ݂

݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെͳǡ ͲሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
ᇱ ᇱ
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ
݂ ൌቆ ቇ ൌቆ ଷ ቇ ൌ
‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳሻ ‫ ݔ‬െ‫ݔ‬
ᇲ ᇲ
൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ൈ൫௫ య ି௫൯ି൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ൈ൫௫ య ି௫൯
ൌ ሺ௫ య ି௫ሻమ
ൌ
ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൈ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳሻ

ൌ ൌ
ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ
ʹ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ
ൌ ൌ
െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ
ൌ ൌ
ି௫ ర ିସ௫ మ ାଵ
ൌ ሾ௫ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻሿమ


ି௫ ర ିସ௫ మ ାଵ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሾ௫ሺ௫ మ ିଵሻሿమ
ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ר‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳሻ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻
฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙

௬ୀ௫ మ ௬ୀ௫ మ
ସ ଶ ଶ ฏ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ െʹ ൅ ξͷ ฻
ฏ െ ‫ ݕ‬െ Ͷ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െʹ ൅ ξͷ ฻
dĞŵͲƐĞെ‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െඥെʹ ൅ ξͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ඥെʹ ൅ ξͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െඥെʹ ൅ ξͷ ͮቀඥെʹ ൅ ξͷ ‫ܦ‬௙ ቁ

െͳ Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
െටെʹ ൅ ξͷ
െ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ െ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ െ െ
ଶ
ሾ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሿ ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ Ͳ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵቃെͳǡ െඥെʹ ൅ ξͷቃĞĞŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቂെඥെʹ ൅ ξͷǡ Ͳቂ͖ƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െඥെʹ ൅ ξͷ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿ െ ͳǡͲሾ‫׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ͕‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଵ
௫ืିଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିଵశ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ൌ ሺͲሻ ൌ െλ
௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଵ
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ൌ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫
ଵ
௫ืଵష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵష ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ൌ ሺͲሻ ൌ െλ
௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘


ଵ
௫ืାஶ ሺ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ቁ ൌ ሺ൅λ ൅ Ͳሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሾሺʹሻ ǡ ൅λሾ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϳ
ϵϮ͘භŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌሿ െ λǡ ͳሿ
භŽŶƚŝŶƵŝĚĂĚĞ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽĚĞŶĆŽƐĞƌĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽͲ͘
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳଷ ൈ ݁ ଴ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ଴
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ቂʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቃ ൌͲ൅ ൌ Ͳ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ିஶ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽͲ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͘
ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻᇱ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ௫ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ௫ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ
భ
௫ ᇱ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻି௫ൈ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ
ቂʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻቃ ൌ ʹ ൅ ೣ
ൌʹ൅
୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ
sĞũĂŵŽƐƐĞĞǆŝƐƚĞ݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ͘
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺ଴ሻ ௫య௘ೣ
௫ื଴ష ௫ି଴
ൌ ௫ื଴ష ൌ ௫ื଴ష ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௫ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ൈ ͳ ൌ Ͳ
௫
ೣ
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺ଴ሻ ଶ௫ା ଵ ଵ
ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
௫ื଴శ ௫ି଴
ൌ ௫ื଴శ ௫
ൌ ௫ื଴శ ቀʹ ൅ ቁ ൌʹ൅ ൌ ʹ ൅ Ͳ ൌ ʹ
ᇱ ሺͲሻ͘
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ݂
x 2 e x (3 + x ) se x < 0
°
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ f ′( x ) = ® ln( x ) − 1
°2 + se 0 < x < 1
¯ ln 2 ( x)
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ Ͳሿ ‫ ש‬ቂʹ ൅ ୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳቃ ฻
฻ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ Ͳሻ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ Ͳሿ ‫ ש‬ቂ మሺ௫ሻ ൌ െʹ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳቃ ฻
୪୬
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ש‬ሾʹ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳሿ ฻

ĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
ʹ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ିଵേξଵା଼
฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻
ସ
െͳ േ ξͳ ൅ ͺ
฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻
Ͷ
ଵ
฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͳ ‫ ש‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻
ଶ
ଵ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ξ݁
௘
ଵ ଵ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ש‬ቂቀ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ξ݁ቁ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳቃ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
௘ ௘


െλ െ͵ Ͳ ͳ ͳ

݁
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ െ Ͳ ൅
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
ʹ൅ ଶ

ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ െ Ͳ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ բ DŝŶ͘ ա ա DĄǆ͘ բ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ݂ ƌĞů͘ ƌĞů͘

f ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,−3] ĞĞŵ ª1 ,1ª ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂെ͵ǡ ଵ௘ቃ͘
¬« e ¬«
ଵ
݂ሺെ͵ሻĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ݂ ቀ ቁĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
௘
ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ௫ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௫ ൌ ‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ሻ
ᇲ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ᇱ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሿᇲ ൈ୪୬మሺ௫ሻିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሿൈൣ୪୬మሺ௫ሻ൧
ቀʹ ൅ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ర ሺ௫ሻ
భ భ భ
ൈ୪୬మሺ௫ሻିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵሿൈଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻൈ ൣ୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻିଶ ୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ൧ ି ୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌೣ ೣ
ൌೣ ൌ ൌ ௫ ୪୬య ሺ௫ሻ
୪୬ర ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ర ሺ௫ሻ ௫ ୪୬ర ሺ௫ሻ
‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ሻ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ൌ ൝ ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
௫ ୪୬య ሺ௫ሻ
Ͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሾ‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ Ͳሿ ‫ ש‬ቀ య ሺ௫ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳቁ ฻
௫ ୪୬
฻ ൣ൫‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ͵ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ͵ ൅ ξ͵൯ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ Ͳ൧ ‫ש‬
‫ ש‬ሾʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଷ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳሿ ฻
ሺ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଶ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ͵ ൅ ξ͵
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ‫ ש‬ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇥ
െλ െ͵ െ ξ͵ െ͵ ൅ ξ͵ Ͳ ͳ

‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ െ െ െ െ െ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
ʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ

‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ W͘/͘ W͘/͘

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ൧െλǡ െ͵ െ ξ͵൧͕Ğŵൣെ͵ ൅ ξ͵ǡ ͲൣĞĞŵ

ሾͲǡͳሾĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵൣെ͵ െ ξ͵ǡ െ͵ ൅ ξ͵൧͖ƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ െ ξ͵ĞĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ൅ ξ͵͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͳሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
௫ ଵ
௫ืଵష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵష ቀʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ቀʹ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹ െ λ ൌ െλ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଴ష


ŽŵŽŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĞ݂ĠƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽŵĂũŽƌĂĚŽ͕ƐſƉŽĚĞĞǆŝƐƚŝƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĞŵെλ͘
ஶൈ଴ ‫ݕ‬ଷ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ௫ ሻ ฑณ ሺ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݁ ି௬ ሻ ൌ ቆ ௬ ቇ ൌ
ൌ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืିஶ ௬ืାஶ ௬ืାஶ ݁
௬ୀି௫
ଵ ଵ
ൌ ೐೤
ൌ ൌ Ͳ
୪୧୫೤ืశಮ ቀ య ቁ ஶ
೤
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϴ
ϵϯ͘KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŽďƚŝĚŽĐŽŵƵŵĂĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŶĆŽĠĞůƵĐŝĚĂƚŝǀŽ͕ŶŽŵĞĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĂĐĞƌĐĂĚŽƐĞŶƚŝĚŽĚĂƐ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘

ϵϰ͘ĂͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͘
‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թା
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௛ ͗
݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ ሺʹሻ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ ሺʹሻ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൐ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺʹሻ ฻
฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൐ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൐ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ฻
฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ͳ ് ݔ‬
͘^͘ൌ Թ̳ሼͳሽ ‫ ת‬Թା ൌ Թା ̳ሼͳሽ
ᇲ
൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ሺ௫ሻᇲ ଶ௫ ଵ ଶ௫ మ ௫ మ ାଵ ௫ మ ିଵ
ďͿ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ௫ మ ାଵ
െ
௫
ൌ
௫ మ ାଵ
െ
௫
ൌ ௫ሺ௫ మ ାଵሻ െ
ൌ

ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ௫ మ ିଵ
݄ ൌͲ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ר‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௛ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ
ଶ

Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
ଶ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ
‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
݄ᇱ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ݄ ĂďƐ͘

݄ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡͳሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
ĐͿŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹା ͕ƐſĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ

ĚĞ݄͘
ஶିஶ
௫ మ ାଵ ଵ
௫ื଴శ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ฎ ௫ื଴శ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ శቁ ൌ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫ ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄͘


ĚͿĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐŽďƚŝĚŽƐŶĂƐĂůşŶĞĂƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ሾ݄ሺͳሻǡ ൅λሾ ൌ ሾሺʹሻ ǡ ൅λሾ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϵ
ϵϱ͘ĂͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͗
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ
ଶ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬మ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ʹ
௫
ଵ ଵ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ െʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ௘ మ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ௘ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ௘

െλ ͳ Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
െ
݁ ݁
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ݂ ƌĞů͘ ƌĞů͘

݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ª−e −1 ,0ª ĞĞŵ º0,e−1 º ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ º −∞,−e−1 º ĞĞŵ ªe −1 , +∞ ª ͘
¬ ¬ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¬ ¬
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଶ
݂ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
௘ ௘ ௘ ௘
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
଴ൈஶ
ଵ ଵ ିଶ୪୬ሺ௬ሻ
භ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿ ฏ
ൌ
ณ ௬ืାஶ ቂ ൈ ቀ మ ቁቃ ൌ ௬ืାஶ ௬
ൌ Ͳ
௬ ௬
భ
௬ୀ
ೣ
଴ൈஶ
ଵ ଵ
භ௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿ ฑ
ൌ
ณ ௬ืାஶ ቂെ ൈ ቀ మ ቁቃ ൌ
௬ ௬
భ
௬ୀି
ೣ
ିଶ୪୬ሺ௬ሻ
ൌ ௬ืାஶ ቀെ ௬
ቁ ൌ Ͳ
භ௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿ ൌ െλ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ െλ
භ௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ ൅λ
ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĞƐƚĞƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĞĐŽŵĂĂůşŶĞĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞƵŵĞƐďŽĕŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ
݂Ġ͗

ଶ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐĚĞ݇ƉĂƌĂŽƐƋƵĂŝƐĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ƚĞŵĞǆĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĚƵĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƐĆŽെ ͕Ͳ
௘
ଶ
Ğ௘͘


ĐͿභWŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ
ଶ௫ ଶ
ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ʹሿᇱ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿᇱ ൌ మ ൌ
௫ ௫
݂ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
௫
݂ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ
௫
ሿ െ λǡ Ͳሾ͘
ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ௫ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ
ሿͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
Ͳ ‫ܦ ב‬௙
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘

ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ̳ሼͲሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů
:ĄǀŝŵŽƐ͕ŶĂĂůşŶĞĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƋƵĞ௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௫ ୪୬൫௫ మ ൯
௫ืିஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ൅λ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௫ ୪୬൫௫ మ ൯
௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ൅λ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϭ
ϵϲ͘ĂͿ݂ሺͷሻ ൌ ͷͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡଷൈହ െ ݁ ିଶൈହ ሻ ൌ ͷͲሺ݁ ିଵǡହ െ ݁ ିଵ଴ ሻ ൎ ͳͳǡʹȀ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾͷͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ െ ݁ ିଶ௧ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ͷͲሾሺ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ሻᇱ െ ሺ݁ ିଶ௧ ሻᇱ ሿ ൌ ͷͲሺെͲǡ͵݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ൅ ʹ݁ ିଶ௧ ሻ
௘ షబǡయ೟ ଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͷͲሺെͲǡ͵݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ൅ ʹ݁ ିଶ௧ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͳǡ͵݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ൌ ʹ݁ ିଶ௧ ฻ ௘ షమ೟
ൌ ฻
଴ǡଷ
ଶ଴ ଶ଴ ଵ଴ ଶ଴
฻ ݁ ଵǡ଻௧ ൌ ฻ ͳǡ͹‫ ݐ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ
ଷ ଷ ଵ଻ ଷ

Ͳ ͳͲ ʹͲ ൅λ
൬ ൰
ͳ͹ ͵
^ŝŶĂůĞ ൅ Ͳ െ
ǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ
݂ ᇱ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ Ͳ ա ŵĄǆ͘ĂďƐ͘ բ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ
ĚĞ݂

ଵ଴ ଶ଴
ƋƵĂŶƚŝĚĂĚĞĚĞŵĞĚŝĐĂŵĞŶƚŽĂƚŝŶŐĞŽǀĂůŽƌŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ͘
ଵ଻ ଷ
ଵ଴ ଶ଴
KƌĂ ቀ ቁ ൎ ͳǡͳͳ͸͘
ଵ଻ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĨŽŝĂŽĨŝŵĚĞĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞͳ͹͘


ª ln 10
«
ĐͿĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ «0,
3 ( ) º»» ª ln 10
« 3
ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ «
( ) ª
«
,+∞« ͘ZĞĐŽƌƌĞŶĚŽă
1,7 1,7
« » « «
¬ ¼ ¬ ¬
ĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŐƌĄĨŝĐĂ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞ͕ƚĂůĐŽŵŽŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚŽŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽ͕ƋƵĞĂƋƵĂŶƚŝĚĂĚĞĚĞŵĞĚŝĐĂŵĞŶƚŽ
ŶŽŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵŽĠƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĂϱŵŐͬůĚƵƌĂŶƚĞ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕
ϳ͕ϲŚŽƌĂƐ;ĞŶƚƌĞŽƐŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞƐϬ͕ϬϲϯĞϳ͕ϲϳϱͿ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϮ
ϵϳ͘

ϵϴ͘ĂͿභ&ƵŶĕĆŽ݂
ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͗
ξʹ ξʹ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ቉െλǡ െ ቈ ‫ ׫‬቉ ǡ ൅λቈ
ʹ ʹ
ᇲ
൫ଶ௫ మ ିଵ൯ ସ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ൌ
ଶ௫ మ ିଵ ଶ௫ మ ିଵ
ସ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶ௫ మ ିଵ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔʹ ר‬ଶ െ ͳ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
WĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെʹǡ െͳሾ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞͶ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͲĞʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ŶĞƐƚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ݂ ᇱ ĠŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿെʹǡ െͳሾ͘


භ&ƵŶĕĆŽ݃
‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ Թ
మ ᇱ మ మ మ
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൣʹ െ ݁ ሺ௫ାଵሻ ൧ ൌ െሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሿᇱ ݁ ሺ௫ାଵሻ ൌ െሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ݁ ሺ௫ାଵሻ ൌ െʹሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ݁ ሺ௫ାଵሻ
WĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെʹǡ െͳሾ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൏ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ŶĞƐƚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ݃ᇱ ĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃Ġ
ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿെʹǡ െͳሾ͘
ďͿĂůşŶĞĂĂͿƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f − g ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−2,−1[ ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ƚĞŵ͕ŶŽŵĄǆŝŵŽƵŵ

ǌĞƌŽ͘ƐƐŝŵ͕ŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐƌĞƐƚƌŝĕƁĞƐĚĞĨĞŐĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ]−2,−1[ ŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŵͲƐĞ͕ŶŽŵĄǆŝŵŽ͕ŶƵŵ
ƉŽŶƚŽ͘ZĞĐŽƌƌĞŶĚŽăĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŐƌĄĨŝĐĂ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞ͕ƚĂůĐŽŵŽŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚŽŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽ͕ƋƵĞĂƐ
ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞƐƐĞƉŽŶƚŽ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂƐăƐĐĞŶƚĠƐŝŵĂƐ͕ƐĆŽ (−1,31;0,90)

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϯ
ଵ
ϵϵ͘ĂͿ݄ሺͲǡͶሻ ൌ ʹͲ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹͲ ሺ ʹǡͷሻ ൎ ͺ
଴ǡସ
௣ ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଶ ଵ
ďͿ݄ ቀ ቁ െ ݄ሺ‫݌‬ሻ ൌ ʹͲ ൬ ೛ ൰ െ ʹͲ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹͲ ቂ ቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ʹͲ ቂ ቀ ൊ ቁቃ ൌ
ଶ ௣ ௣ ௣ ௣ ௣
మ
ൌ ʹͲ ሺʹሻ ൎ ͸

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϲ
ϭϬϬ͘ĂͿ͹ ൌ ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺ଻ሻ ďͿ͹ ൌ ሺͳͲ଻ ሻ ĐͿ͹ ൌ ͹ଵ

భ ଻
ĚͿ͹ ൌ ͳͲ୪୭୥ሺ଻ሻ ĞͿ͹ ൌ ξͶͻ ൌ Ͷͻమ ĨͿ͹ ൌ ξଶ ቀξʹ ቁ

ϭϬϭ͘ĂͿ͵௫ ൌ ͺ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଷ ሺͺሻ
ďͿሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ିଵ
భ
ଵ య
ĐͿ ଼ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͺయ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ξͺ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ
ଷ
ĚͿ݁ ௫ ൌ ͵ǡ͸ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺ͵ǡ͸ሻ

భ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĞͿ ସ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ସሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷିమ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ ଶ ξସ ଶ
ଵ
ĨͿʹି௫ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ െ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶሺͳʹሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ଶ ሺͳʹሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ቀ ቁ
ଵଶ


ϭϬϮ͘ĂͿ ଶ ቀʹξଷ ൊ ʹξଷାଵ ቁ ൌ ଶ ቀʹξଷ ቁ െ ଶ ቀʹξଷାଵ ቁ ൌ ξ͵ െ ൫ξ͵ ൅ ͳ൯ ൌ െͳ
ďͿ ହ ቀͷξଵଶ ൈ ͷξଷ ቁ ൌ ହ ቀͷξଵଶ ቁ ൅ ହ ቀͷξଷ ቁ ൌ ξͳʹ ൅ ξ͵ ൌ ʹξ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ൌ ͵ξ͵
ĐͿʹ୪୭୥మ ሺହሻା୪୭୥మሺଷሻ ൌ ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺଵହሻ ൌ ͳͷ

KƵƚƌŽƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽ͗
ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺହሻା୪୭୥మሺଷሻ ൌ ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺହሻ ൈ ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺଷሻ ൌ ͷ ൈ ͵ ൌ ͳͷ
ĚͿ͵୪୭୥య ൫ξ଺൯ି୪୭୥య൫ξଶ൯ ൌ ͵୪୭୥య ൫ξଷ൯ ൌ ξ͵

ξ଺
͵୪୭୥య ൫ξ଺൯ି୪୭୥య ൫ξଶ൯ ൌ ͵୪୭୥య ൫ξ଺൯ ൊ ͵୪୭୥య ൫ξଶ൯ ൌ ൌ ξ͵
ξଶ
ଵହ ξ଻
ĞͿ ଷ ቀͳͷξ଻ ൊ ͷξ଻ ቁ ൌ ଷ ቈቀ ቁ ቉ ൌ ଷ ቀ͵ξ଻ ቁ ൌ ξ͹
ହ
ଷ ቀͳͷξ଻ ൊ ͷξ଻ ቁ ൌ ଷ ቀͳͷξ଻ ቁ െ ଷ ቀͷξ଻ ቁ ൌ ξ͹ ଷ ሺͳͷሻ െ ξ͹ ଷ ሺͷሻ ൌ
ൌ ξ͹ሾ ଷሺͳͷሻ െ ଷ ሺͷሻሿ ൌ ξ͹ ଷሺ͵ሻ ൌ ξ͹
య൯
ĨͿʹଷ ୪୭୥మ ሺగሻ ൌ ʹ୪୭୥మ ൫గ ൌ ߨ ଷ
ଷ
ʹଷ ୪୭୥మ ሺగሻ ൌ ൣʹ୪୭୥మ ሺగሻ ൧ ൌ ߨ ଷ

ϭϬϯ͘ĂͿሺͻሻ ൅ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ሺͻ ൈ ͵ሻ ൌ ሺʹ͹ሻ
ହయ
ďͿ͵ ଶ ሺͷሻ െ Ͳǡͷ ଶሺʹͷሻ ൌ ଶ ሺͷଷ ሻ െ ଶሺʹͷ଴ǡହ ሻ ൌ ଶ ሺͷଷ ሻ െ ଶ ሺͷሻ ൌ ଶ ቀ ቁ ൌ
ହ
ൌ ଶሺͷଶ ሻ ൌ ଶ ሺʹͷሻ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ ଶ ቀ ቁ െ ଶ ቀ మ ቁ ൌ ଶ ቀ ൊ ቁ ൌ ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ǡ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫మ
୪୭୥ ሺ଺ሻ
ĚͿ ଶ ሺ͵ሻ ൈ ଷ ሺ͸ሻ ൌ ଶ ሺ͵ሻ ൈ ୪୭୥మ ሺଷሻ ൌ ଶ ሺ͸ሻ
మ
ĞͿͳ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁‫ݔ‬ሻ
୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ξ௫
ĨͿ ଶ െ ʹ ൌ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺͳͲଶ ሻ ൌ ൫ξ‫ݔ‬൯ െ ሺͳͲͲሻ ൌ ቀଵ଴଴ቁ ǡ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ

ϭϬϰ͘;Ϳ
ଷሺͻܽଶ ሻ ൌ ଷ ሺͻሻ ൅ ʹ ଷ ሺܽሻ ʹ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬

୪୭୥ሺ௫௬ሻ ୪୭୥ሺ௫௬ሻ
ϭϬϱ͘ĂͿ భ ൌ ି ୪୭୥ሺ௫௬ሻ ൌ െͳ
୪୭୥ቀ ቁ
ೣ೤
୪୭୥൫௫ మ ൯ା୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ ୪୭୥൫௫ మ ൈ௫൯ ୪୭୥൫௫ య ൯ ଷ ୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ

ďͿ భ ൌ భ ൌ భ ൌ ି ୪୭୥ሺ௫ሻ ൌ െ͵
୪୭୥ሺ௬ሻା୪୭୥ቀ ቁ ୪୭୥ቀ௬ൈ ቁ ୪୭୥ቀ ቁ
ೣ೤ ೣ೤ ೣ


ϭϬϲ͘ĂͿ ଶ ሺͳͷሻ ൌ ଶሺ͵ ൈ ͷሻ ൌ ଶሺ͵ሻ ൅ ଶ ሺͷሻ ൌ ܽ ൅ ܾ
ďͿ ଶ ሺʹͷሻ ൌ ଶ ሺͷଶ ሻ ൌ ʹ ଶ ሺͷሻ ൌ ʹܾ
ହ
ĐͿ ଶ ሺʹǡͷሻ ൌ ଶ ቀଶቁ ൌ ଶ ሺͷሻ െ ଶ ሺʹሻ ൌ ܾ െ ͳ
ĚͿ ଶ ሺͳʹͲሻ ൌ ଶሺʹଷ ൈ ͵ ൈ ͷሻ ൌ ଶ ሺʹଷ ሻ ൅ ଶ ሺ͵ሻ ൅ ଶ ሺͷሻ ൌ ͵ ൅ ܽ ൅ ܾ
ଵ ଵ
ĞͿ ହ ሺʹሻ ൌ ൌ
୪୭୥మ ሺହሻ ௕
୪୭୥ ሺହሻ ௕
ĨͿ ଷ ሺͷሻ ൌ ୪୭୥మ ሺଷሻ ൌ
మ ௔

ϭϬϳ͘ĂͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሿെͳǡ ൅λሾ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙షభ ൌ ሿെͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
භ‫ܦ‬௙షభ ൌ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ Թ
භ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ ‫ ݕ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ ʹ௬ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ௬ െ ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕݂ ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ௫ െ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ିଵ ǣ Թ ื ሿെͳǡ ൅λሾĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽďŝũĞƚŝǀĂĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݂ ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ௫ െ ͳ͘
ďͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሿെͳǡ͹ሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙షభ ൌ ሿെͳǡ͹ሿ

භŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŝŶũĞƚŝǀĂ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
‫ א ݔ‬ሿെͳǡ͹ሿ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ‫ א‬ሿͲǡͺሿ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ‫ א‬ሿെλǡ ͵ሿ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙షభ ൌ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ሿെλǡ ͵ሿ
භWŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ିଵ ǣ ሿെλǡ ͵ሿ ื ሿെͳǡ͹ሿĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽďŝũĞƚŝǀĂĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݂ ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ௫ െ ͳ͘

ϭϬϴ͘ĂͿභ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ Թ̳ሼെͶሽ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚షభ ൌ Թ̳ሼെͶሽ͘
భ భ భ
ଵ
භ ് Ͳ ฻ ͵ೣశర ‫ א‬ሿͲǡ ൅λሾ̳ሼͳሽ ฻ െ͵ೣశర ‫ א‬ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ̳ሼെͳሽ ฻ ʹ െ ͵ೣశర ‫ א‬ሿെλǡ ʹሾ̳ሼͳሽ
௫ାସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௚షభ ൌ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ሿെλǡ ʹሾ̳ሼͳሽ͘
భ భ
ଵ ଵ
භʹ െ ͵ೣశర ൌ ‫ ݕ‬฻ ͵ೣశర ൌ ʹ െ ‫ ݕ‬฻ ൌ ଷ ሺʹ െ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൌ ฻
௫ାସ ୪୭୥య ሺଶି௬ሻ
ଵ
฻‫ݔ‬ൌ െ Ͷ
୪୭୥య ሺଶି௬ሻ
ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕݃ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ Ͷ
୪୭୥య ሺଶି௫ሻ
ିଵ ሿെλǡ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ ǣ ʹሾ̳ሼͳሽ ื Թ̳ሼെͶሽĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽďŝũĞƚŝǀĂĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ
ଵ
݃ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ Ͷ͘
ďͿභ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሿെλǡ െͶሾ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚షభ ൌ ሿെλǡ െͶሾ͘

භŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŝŶũĞƚŝǀĂ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
భ
ଵ
‫ א ݔ‬ሿെλǡ െͶሾ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ א‬ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ฻ ‫ א‬ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ฻ ͵ೣశర ‫ א‬ሿͲǡͳሾ ฻
௫ାସ
భ భ
฻ െ͵ೣశర ‫ א‬ሿെͳǡͲሾ ฻ ʹ െ ͵ೣశర ‫ א‬ሿͳǡʹሾ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௚షభ ൌ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ሿͳǡ ʹሾ͘
ଵ
භWŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ିଵ ǣ ሿͳǡʹሾ ื ሿെλǡ െͶሾĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽďŝũĞƚŝǀĂĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݃ିଵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ Ͷ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϯϳ
ϭϬϵ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെλǡ ͳሾ
ଵ ଵ
ďͿ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ቃെλǡ െ ቂ ‫ ׫‬ቃ ǡ ൅λቂ ଵ
ቚͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ െ ‫ ݔ ש‬൐
ଵ

ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ĐͿ‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ̳ሼͳሽ ȁሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ͳ ് ݔ‬
௫ାଵ
ĚͿ‫ܦ‬௥ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ൐ Ͳቅ
௫ାହ
௫ାଵ
KƌĂ͕ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെλǡ െͷሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿെͳǡ ൅λሾ
௫ାହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௥ ൌ ሿെλǡ െͷሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿെͳǡ ൅λሾ
ĞͿ‫ܦ‬௠ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ െ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ ͵ ר‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ

KƌĂ͕ ʹ െ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ฻ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് ʹ ฻ ͵ െ ‫ ͲͲͳ ് ݔ‬฻ ‫ ് ݔ‬െͻ͹
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௠ ൌ ሿെλǡ ͵ሾ̳ሼെͻ͹ሽ͘
ĨͿ‫ܦ‬௡ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻଶ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼ͵ሽ ȁሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻଶ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫͵ ് ݔ‬

ϭϭϬ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെ͵ǡ ൅λሾ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൌ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ Թ͘
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ െʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ ൌ ݁ ିଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ݁ ିଶ െ ͳ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݁ ିଶ െ ͳ ൏ Ͳ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ݁ ିଶ െ ͳĠŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞů͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݃ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെͳǡ ൅λሾ

௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ
݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ቂͳ െ ଷ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ש‬െ ଷ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ
௫ାଵ
฻‫ ݔ‬ൌͲ‫ש‬ ൌ ͵ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͷ
ଶ
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦ‬௥ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ് Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ̳ሼ͵ሽ

௫ିଵ
‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ୪୭୥ሺ௫ିଶሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௥ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௥ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݎ‬ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘

ϭϭϭ͘hŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ݂ሺܽሻ ൌ ͷ͘
KƌĂ͕݂ሺܽሻ ൌ ͷ ฻ ଶ ሺܽ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ ͷ ฻ ܽ ൅ ͳ ൌ ʹହ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͵ͳ͘

ϭϭϮ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺܽሻ ൌ ͸͘
KƌĂ͕݂ሺܽሻ ൌ ͸ ฻ ʹ௔ିଷ ൌ ͸ ฻ ܽ െ ͵ ൌ ଶ ሺ͸ሻ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͵ ൅ ଶ ሺ͸ሻ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܣ‬ƚĞŵĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺ͵ ൅ ଶ ሺ͸ሻ ǡ ͸ሻĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽƐŝŵĠƚƌŝĐŽĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܣ‬Ğŵ
ƌĞůĂĕĆŽăƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ƚĞŵĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺ͸ǡ ͵ ൅ ଶ ሺ͸ሻሻ͘

ϭϭϯ͘;Ϳ
hŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ݂ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ͳ͘
ଶ
KƌĂ͕݂ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶሺ͵ܽሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ͵ܽ ൌ ʹ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͘
ଷ


ϭϭϰ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௘
භെ ൌ െͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܽ ൌ ݁
௔
භ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ሺܽ ൈ Ͳ ൅ ݁ሻ ൅ ܾ ൌ ʹ ฻ ሺ݁ሻ ൅ ܾ ൌ ʹ ฻ ͳ ൅ ܾ ൌ ʹ ฻ ܾ ൌ ͳ

ϭϭϱ͘ĂͿ௫ืଵష ሺͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ሺͳ െ ͳି ሻ ൌ ሺͲା ሻ ൌ െλ
ďͿ௫ืାஶ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ భ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ െλ

మ మ
୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ሻ ୪୭୥మ ሺ଴ሻ ିஶ

ĐͿ௫ื଴ ௫ିଵ
ൌ ିଵ
ൌ ൌ ൅λ
ିଵ
ಮ
ಮ భ భ
୪୬൫௫ మ ൯ିଵ ଶ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻቂଶି ቃ ଶି ଶି଴
ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
ĚͿ௫ืାஶ ଷି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ య ൌ ௫ืାஶ య ൌ ൌ െʹ
ଷି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻቂ ିଵቃ ିଵ ଴ିଵ
ஶିஶ
଼௫ାଵ
ĞͿ௫ืାஶሾ ଶ ሺͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻሿ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ଶ ቀ ቁ ൌ ଶ ሺͺሻ ൌ ͵
௫ାଶ
ಮ
ಮ ೣశమ
୪୬ሺ௫ାଶሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ାଶሻି୪୬ሺ௫ሻା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ቀ ቁା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ĨͿ௫ืାஶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ೣ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ
ೣశమ
୪୬ቀ ቁ ୪୬ሺଵሻ ଴
ೣ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቈ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
൅ ͳ቉ ൌ ୪୬ሺାஶሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͳ
ାஶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϴ
ϭϭϲ͘ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĞ݂͗
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ Ͷ݁ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͷ݁ሾ
ĂͿ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ሺͶ݁ െ Ͳሻ െ ͳ ൌ ሺͶ݁ሻ െ ͳ ൌ ሺͶሻ ൅ ሺ݁ሻ െ ͳ ൌ ሺͶሻ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ሺͶሻሻ͘
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺͶ݁ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺͶ݁ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ Ͷ݁ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵݁
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺ͵݁ǡ Ͳሻ͘
ďͿĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĂĞŵሿെλǡ Ͷ݁ሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐſĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷ݁ƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů

௫ืସ௘ ష ሾሺͶ݁ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሿ ൌ ሺͲା ሻ െ ͳ ൌ െλ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷ݁ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘

ϭϭϳ͘ĂͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳሽ
KƌĂ͕‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͵ െ ξͳͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬൐ ͵ ൅ ξͳͳ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ൧െλǡ ͵ െ ξͳͳൣ ‫ ׫‬൧͵ ൅ ξͳͳǡ ൅λൣ͘
଺േ଼
ହሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻
ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͹
KƌĂെͳ ‫ܦ א‬Ğ͹ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሼെͳǡ ͹ሽ͘


‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳሽ
ଵ
Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐െ ଶ
ସ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቐ ଶ ฻‫ݔ‬൐
ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ହ
ହ
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ቃହ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
ଶሺͶ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ଶ ሺͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ ଶ ሺͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵
KƌĂ͵ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሼ͵ሽ͘
‫ݔ‬൅Ͷ൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͶ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ
଺ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൅ ଺ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଺ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሿ ൌ ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ ͸ ฻
ିଷേ଻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͲ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ
ଶ
KƌĂെͷ ‫ܦ ב‬Ğʹ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሼʹሽ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳሽ
ଵ
ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐ହ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቊ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ
‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
ଵ
଼ଵሺͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ െ ଼ଵሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൌ ฻ ଼ଵሺͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ ଼ଵሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൅ ଼ଵሺͻሻ ฻
ଶ
ଵ଻
฻ ଼ଵ ሺͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ ଼ଵ ሺͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͺሻ ฻ ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ ͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͺ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ସ

ଵ଻ ଵ଻
KƌĂ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቄ ቅ͘
ସ ସ
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ଵ଺ ሺͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷሻ ൐ Ͳሽ
ହ
ͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷ ൐ Ͳ ହ
‫ ݔ‬൐ ଽ ‫ݔ‬൐ ଶ
ଽ
KƌĂ͕ ൜ ฻ቊ ฻ቐ ଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ଷ
ଵ଺ሺͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷሻ ൐ Ͳ ͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷ ൐ ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐
ଷ
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ቃଷ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
భ
ଵ
ଶሺଵ଺ ሺͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷሻሻ ൌ െʹ ฻ ଵ଺ሺͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷሻ ൌ ฻ ͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷ ൌ ͳ͸ర ฻ ͻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷ ൌ ʹ ฻
ସ
଻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଽ
଻ ଻
KƌĂ ‫͘ܦ א‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቄ ቅ͘
ଽ ଽ
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷ ൐ Ͳሽ
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ͵
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ଶ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ͵
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൏ െͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬൐ െ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെ͵ǡ ൅λሾ͘


୪୭୥య ൫௫ మ ା଼௫ାଵହ൯
ଷሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ െ ଽ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ െ ୪୭୥య ሺଽሻ
ൌ ͳ ฻
୪୭୥ ൫௫ మ ା଼௫ାଵହ൯
฻ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ െ య
ଶ
ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ ଷሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ െ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷሻ ൌ ʹ ฻
฻ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͻሻ െ ʹ ൌ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷሻ ฻
฻ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͻሻ െ ଷ ሺͻሻ ൌ ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷሻ ฻
௫ మ ା଺௫ାଽ ௫ మ ା଺௫ାଽ
฻ ଷ ቀ ቁ ൌ ଷሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷሻ ฻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͷ ฻
ଽ ଽ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͻ ൌ ͻ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͵ͷ ฻ͺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳʹ͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͷǡʹͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ͵
KƌĂെͷǡʹͷ ‫ܦ ב‬Ğെ͵ ‫͘ܦ ב‬WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽǀĂǌŝŽ͘

ϭϭϴ͘ĂͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔʹ ר‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ
ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬ ൏ ʹ ଵ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ ቊ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ ଵ ฻ െ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ
ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ଶ
ଶ
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ቃെ ǡ ʹቂ͘
ଶ
ଵ
ଶሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ଶሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑
ଷ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
KƌĂቃെλǡ ቃ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ቃെ ǡ ቃ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቃെ ǡ ቃ͘
ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ
ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ ͵ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͺ
KƌĂሿെλǡ ͺሾ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͲǡͺሾ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͲǡ ͺሾ͘
ͳ ͳ
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ൜‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ൐ Ͳ ‫ר‬ ൐ Ͳൠ
‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬൅ͳ
ଵ ଵ
KƌĂ͕ ൐ Ͳ ‫ר‬ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൅ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ െͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͘
௫ ௫ାଵ
ା
ଵ ଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൒ ݂ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ฻ ଶ ቀ ቁ െ ͳ ൒ ଶ ቀ ቁ ฻ െ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൒ െ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ฻
௫ ௫ାଵ
฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൒ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͳ ฻ ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൒ ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ଶ ሺʹሻ ฻
฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൒ ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൒ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ
KƌĂሿെλǡ ͳሿ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͲǡ ͳሿ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͲǡͳሿ͘
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
భ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൐ ͳ ฻ Ͳ ൏ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൏ ฻ െ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬
య ଷ ଷ ଷ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
KƌĂቃെ ǡ ቂ ̳ሼͲሽ ‫ת‬ ‫ܦ‬ൌ ቃെ ଷ ǡ ଷቂ ̳ሼͲሽ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቃെ ଷ ǡ ଷቂ ̳ሼͲሽ͘
ଷ ଷ
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ͵ ൐ Ͳሽ
ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ൐ Ͳ ‫ʹ്ݔ‬
KƌĂ͕ ൜ ଶ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ʹ ് ݔ‬
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ൐ Ͳ ‫אݔ‬Թ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ Թ̳ሼʹሽ͘

ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ሿ ൏ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵ሻ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵ ฻
ଵ
฻ െͶ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐
ସ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
KƌĂቃ ǡ ൅λቂ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ቃ ǡ ൅λቂ ̳ሼʹሽ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቃ ǡ ൅λቂ ̳ሼʹሽ͘
ସ ସ ସ
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
KƌĂ͕ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿെλǡ ʹሾ͘
‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሾሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሿ ൑ Ͳ
ůĂďŽƌĞŵŽƐ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫͕ܦ א ݔ‬ƵŵƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ‫ݔ‬ሾሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሿ͗
ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ െ ݁

െλ ʹ െ ݁ Ͳ ʹ
‫ݔ‬ െ െ െ Ͳ ൅
ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ െ െ
‫ݔ‬ሾሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሿ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿെλǡ ʹ െ ݁ሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾͲǡ ʹሾ͘
ŐͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳሽ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿͲǡ ൅λሾ̳ሼ݁ሽ͘
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ůĂďŽƌĞŵŽƐ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫͕ܦ א ݔ‬ƵŵƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ ͗

Ͳ ͳ ݁ ൅λ
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
ͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ

ͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሾͳǡ ݁ሾ͘
ŚͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൅ ͷ ൐ Ͳሽ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ
‫ݔ‬൅ͷ൐Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͷ
ଵ
భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ െ ͳ ൒ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ฻ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ െ భ ቀ ቁ ൒ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ฻
ଶ
మ మ మ మ మ
฻ భ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ൒ భ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͹
మ మ
KƌĂሿെλǡ ͹ሿ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͳǡ͹ሿ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͳǡ ͹ሿ͘
ŝͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ͵ ר‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ݔ‬െͳ൐Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൐ͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͵
͵െ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ݔ‬൏͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿͳǡ ͵ሾ͘


ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ െ ଶ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൑ ͳ ൅ ଶ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൑ ଶ ሺʹሻ ൅ ଶ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ଶሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൑ ଶሺ͸ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻
଻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൑ ͸ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑
ଷ
଻ ଻ ଻
KƌĂቃെλǡ ቃ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ቃͳǡ ቃ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቃͳǡ ቃ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ũͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬െ Ͳǡͳ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ
‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ Ͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹͲ
ʹ െ Ͳǡͳ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹͲ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሿͲǡ ʹͲሾ͘
ʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ ൅ ሺʹ െ Ͳǡͳ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ሺͳͲሻ ൅ ሺʹ െ Ͳǡͳ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻
฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൑ ሺʹͲ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൑ ʹͲ െ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲ ൑ Ͳ ฻ െͷ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͷ
KƌĂሾെͷǡ Ͷሿ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͲǡ Ͷሿ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͲǡ ͶሿǤ
ŬͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ͗
௬ୀ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ ൒ Ͳ ฻
ฏ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬െ ʹ ൒ Ͳ ฻
௬ୀ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
฻ ‫ ݕ‬൑ െʹ ‫ ݕ ש‬൒ ͳ ฻ ฏ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ െʹ ‫ ש‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ݁ ିଶ ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ ݁
KƌĂሺሿെλǡ ݁ ିଶ ሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾሻ ‫ ܦ ת‬ൌ ሿͲǡ ݁ ିଶ ሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿͲǡ ݁ ିଶ ሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ůͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ
‫ ܦ‬ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔʹ ר‬൅ ͷ ൐ Ͳሽ
‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െͶ ହ
KƌĂ͕ ቄ ฻ ቊ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ ହ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ െ
ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ ൐ Ͳ ଶ
ଶ
ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ൌ ቃെ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
ଶ
୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ାସሻ ୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ାସሻ
ସሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൑ ଶሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ฻ ൑ ଶ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ฻ ൑ ଶ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ฻
୪୭୥మ ሺସሻ ଶ
฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൑ ʹ ଶ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൑ ଶ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
൅ ʹͲ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹͷሻ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൑ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹͲ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹͷ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͻ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹͳ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ െ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬൒ െ
ସ
଻ ଻ ଻
KƌĂቀሿെλǡ െ͵ሿ ‫׫‬ ቂെ ସ ǡ ൅λቂቁ ‫ת‬ ‫ܦ‬ൌ ቂെ ସ ǡ ൅λቂ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቂെ ସ ǡ ൅λቂ͘

ϭϭϵ͘ĂͿ‫ܣ‬ሺͶͷǡʹሻ ൌ െͲǡͷʹ ൅ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺͶͷǡʹሻ ൎ ͳǡͷ͹͸ŵ
ĂůƚƵƌĂƋƵĞƐĞĞƐƉĞƌĂĠͳͷͺĐŵ͘
ďͿ‫ܣ‬ሺʹ‫݌‬ሻ െ ‫ܣ‬ሺ‫݌‬ሻ ൌ െͲǡͷʹ ൅ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺʹ‫݌‬ሻ െ ሾെͲǡͷʹ ൅ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺʹ‫݌‬ሻሿ ൌ

ଶ௣
ൌ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺʹ‫݌‬ሻ െ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺ‫݌‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷͷ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺʹሻ ൎ Ͳǡ͵ͺ
௣
dĂůƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞĂĂůƚƵƌĂĞƐƉĞƌĂĚĂĚĞƵŵĂĐƌŝĂŶĕĂĐŽŵŽĚŽďƌŽĚĞŵĂƐƐĂĐŽƌƉŽƌĂůĚĞŽƵƚƌĂĠ
ƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌ͕ĞŵϯϴĐŵ͕ăĂůƚƵƌĂĚĞƐƚĂ͘


ĐͿභ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௣ ൌ ‫ܦ‬஺ ൌ ሾ݁ ଶǡଷ ǡ ݁ ସǡଵ ሿ
භĨƵŶĕĆŽ‫݌‬ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŝŶũĞƚŝǀĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ܣ‬ሺ݁ ଶǡଷ ሻ ൌ െͲǡͷʹ ൅ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺ݁ ଶǡଷ ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͹ͶͷĞ
‫ܣ‬ሺ݁ ସǡଵ ሻ ൌ െͲǡͷʹ ൅ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺ݁ ସǡଵ ሻ ൌ ͳǡ͹͵ͷ͕ƐĞƚĞŵ‫ܦ‬௣ ൌ ‫ܦ‬Ԣ஺ ൌ ሾͲǡ͹ͶͷǢ ͳǡ͹͵ͷሿ͘
ಲశబǡఱమ
஺ା଴ǡହଶ
භ‫ ܣ‬ൌ െͲǡͷʹ ൅ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺ‫݌‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ܣ‬൅ Ͳǡͷʹ ൌ Ͳǡͷͷ ሺ‫݌‬ሻ ฻ ሺ‫݌‬ሻ ൌ ฻‫݌‬ൌ݁ బǡఱఱ
଴ǡହହ
ƐƚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞǆƉƌŝŵĞŽƉĞƐŽĞƐƉĞƌĂĚŽĚĂĐƌŝĂŶĕĂĞŵĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĂƐƵĂĂůƚƵƌĂ͕ƉĂƌĂĐƌŝĂŶĕĂƐĐŽŵĂůƚƵƌĂ
ĐŽŵƉƌĞĞŶĚŝĚĂ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĞŶƚƌĞ͹ͷĐĞŶƚşŵĞƚƌŽƐĞͳǡ͹ͶŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘

୪୭୥൫଺ǡଷൈଵ଴భల ൯ିହǡଶସ
ϭϮϬ͘ĂͿሺ͸ǡ͵ ൈ ͳͲଵ଺ ሻ ൌ ͳǡͶͶ‫ ܯ‬൅ ͷǡʹͶ ฻ ‫ ܯ‬ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܯ‬ൎ ͺ͘
ଵǡସସ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϵ
ďϭͿሺ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡͶͶ ൈ ͸ǡʹ ൅ ͷǡʹͶ ൌ ͳͶǡͳ͸ͺ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܧ‬ൌ ͳͲଵସǡଵ଺଼ũŽƵůĞ͘
ďϮͿሺͳͺ͵ͲͲͲ ൈ ͳͲଵସǡଵ଺଼ ሻ ൌ ͳǡͶͶ‫ ܯ‬൅ ͷǡʹͶ ฻ ሺͳǡͺ͵ ൈ ͳͲଵଽǡଵ଺଼ ሻ ൌ ͳǡͶͶ‫ ܯ‬൅ ͷǡʹͶ ฻
୪୭୥൫ଵǡ଼ଷൈଵ଴భవǡభలఴ ൯ିହǡଶସ
฻‫ܯ‬ൌ ଵǡସସ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܯ‬ൎ ͻǡͻ͘

ϭϮϭ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺܾሻ͘
KƌĂ͕ f ′(a ) = g ′(b) ⇔ ea =
b b ()
1 ⇔ a = ln 1 ⇔ a = −ln(b) ⇔ a + ln(b) = 0 ͘

ϭϮϮ͘ĂͿŵሿെλǡ ͲሾĞĞŵሿͲǡ ൅λሾ͕݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƉŽŝƐĠ͕ĞŵĂŵďŽƐŽƐĐĂƐŽƐ͕ƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂů͘
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ሺʹ௫ ሻ ൌ ͳ͖௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሺ͵௫ ሻ ൌ ͳ͖݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ଴ ൌ ͳ͘ŶƚĆŽ͕݂
ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵͲ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͘
ďͿWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ݂͗ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ௫ ሺʹሻ

WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ݂͗ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ͵௫ ሺ͵ሻ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ͗
଴
ʹ௛ െ ʹ଴ ଴ ݁ ୪୬ሺଶሻ௛ െ ͳ ݁ ୪୬ሺଶሻ௛ െ ͳ ௧ୀ୪୬ሺଶሻ௛
݂ ᇱ ሺͲି ሻ ൌ ష ൌ
ฎ ష ൌ ሺʹሻ ൈ ష ൌ
ฎ ൌ
௛ื଴ ݄ ௛ื଴ ݄ ௛ื଴ ሺʹሻ ݄
௘ ೟ ିଵ
ൌ ሺʹሻ ൈ ௧ื଴ష ௧
ൌሺʹሻ ൈ ͳ ൌ ሺʹሻ
బ
బ
ଷ೓ ିଶబ ௘ ౢ౤ሺయሻ೓ ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺͲା ሻ ൌ ௛ื଴శ ൌ
ฎ ௛ื଴శ ൌ‫ڮ‬ ൌ ሺ͵ሻ
௛ ௛
௫
ʹ ሺʹሻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗‫ܦ‬௙ᇲ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൜ ௫
͵ ሺ͵ሻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ

ᇲ
൫௫ య ൯ ଷ௫ మ ଷ
ϭϮϯ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ൌ ൌ
௫య ௫య ௫
ଵ ଵ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹሻ ൈ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺʹሻ ൈ ሾ ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺʹሻ ൈ ௫ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ൌ ௫


ሺଽ௫ሻᇲ ଽ ଵ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ ଷ ሺͻ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺଽ௫ሻ ൌ ሺଽ௫ሻ ൌ
୪୬ሺଷሻ ୪୬ሺଷሻ ௫ ୪୬ሺଷሻ
ଶೣ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
ĚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾʹ௫ିଶ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻᇱ ൈ ʹ௫ିଶ ൈ ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹ௫ିଶ ሺʹሻ ൌ ସ

ϭϮϰ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ʹ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ሿᇱ ʹ௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ሺʹ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻʹ௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻଶ ʹ௫ ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻሾሺʹሻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ െ ʹ ሺʹሻሿ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻሾሺʹሻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ െ ʹ ሺʹሻሿ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻
ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬ሺʹሻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ െ ʹ ሺʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ െ ൌ Ͳ
୪୬ሺଶሻ
ďͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
ᇱ ᇲ
௫ మ ାଵ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ௘ షೣ ି൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ሺ௘ షೣ ሻᇲ ଶ௫௘ షೣ ା൫௫ మ ାଵ൯௘ షೣ ௘ షೣ ൫ଶ௫ା௫ మ ାଵ൯
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௘ షೣ ቁ ൌ ሺ௘ షೣ ሻమ
ൌ
௘ షమೣ
ൌ ௘ షమೣ
ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ
ĐͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թା

ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ൌ ͳ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
௫
ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
௘
ĚͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ Թା

݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሾ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ୪୬ሺ௘ሻ
ൌ ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൌ ͮ ൌ ൌ ଶ ሺ݁ሻ
௫ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
ൌ ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ଶ ሺ݁ሻ ൌ
ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶ ሺ݁‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ݁‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
௘
ĞͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ଶሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ ͳሽ ൌ ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ
భ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሾ୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ଵ
݂ ൌ ሾሺ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻሿᇱ ൌ ൌ ೣ ౢ౤ሺమሻ
ൌ
୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ሻ ୪୭୥మሺ௫ሻ ୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ሻ௫ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݂͖׎ א ݔ‬ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘ ᇱ
୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ሻ௫ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
ĨͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ݔ ׷‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଷ ് Ͳሽ ൌ Թା

ᇲ భ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ௫ య ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ൫௫ య ൯ ൈ௫ య ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ൫ଷ௫ మ ൯ ௫ మ ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ൫ଷ௫ మ ൯ ௫ మ ሾଵିଷ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿ ଵିଷ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂ ௫య
ቃ ൌ ሺ௫ య ሻమ
ൌೣ ௫ల
ൌ ௫ల
ൌ ௫ల
ൌ ௫ర

భ
ଵିଷ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ య
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ฻ ௫ర
ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ య ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ξ݁
ଷ

ᇲ
൫௫ మ ିଷ൯ ଶ௫
ϭϮϱ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵ሻሿᇱ ൌ ௫ మ ିଷ
ൌ
௫ మ ିଷ

ᇲ
ଶ௫ ᇱ ሺଶ௫ሻᇲ൫௫ మ ିଷ൯ିଶ௫൫௫ మ ିଷ൯ మ
ଶ൫௫ ିଷ൯ିଶ௫ൈሺଶ௫ሻ ଶ௫ మ ି଺ିସ௫ మ ଶ௫ మ ା଺
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂ ቃ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ െ ሺ௫ మ ିଷሻమ
௫ మ ିଷ ሺ௫ మ ିଷሻమ ሺ௫ మ ିଷሻమ ሺ௫ మ ିଷሻమ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௫ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ௫ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ሺʹ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௫ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ௫ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ݁ ௫


ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ଶ௫ Ǥ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ൌ ቀʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ቁ ݁ ଶ௫
௫ ௫
ଵ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ଵ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂቀʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ቁ ݁ ଶ௫ ቃ ൌ ቀʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ቁ ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ቀʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ቁ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ
௫ ௫ ௫
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶ௫ିଵ ଶ
ൌ ቀʹ ൈ െ మ ቁ ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ቀʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ቁ ሺʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ൌ ቀ మ ൅ Ͷ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ቁ ݁ ଶ௫ ൌ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
ସ௫ିଵ ସ ଵ
ൌ ቀ మ ൅ Ͷ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻቁ ݁ ଶ௫ ൌ ቀ െ మ ൅ Ͷ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻቁ ݁ ଶ௫
௫ ௫ ௫
ଶ ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ
ĚͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଶ ሿᇱ ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൈ ൌʹൈ
ଶ௫ ௫
మ
୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ᇱ ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻሿᇲ ௫ି୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻሺ௫ሻᇲ ௫ି୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ଵି୪୬ሺଶ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀʹ ௫
ቁ ൌ ʹቀ ௫
ቁ ൌʹൈ
௫మ
ൌ ʹ ൈ మೣ ௫మ
ൌʹൈ ௫మ

ĞͿWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ݂͗ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺെʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െͶ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ݂͗ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ͗
బ
మ బ
ିଶ௫ ାସ௫ି଴
݂ ᇱ ሺͲି ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ฎ ௫ื଴ష ሺെʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൌ Ͷ
ൌ
௫
బ
బ
௫ మ ି଴
݂ ᇱ ሺͲା ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴శ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
௫
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ͘
െͶ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݂͗ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቄ
ʹ‫ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ݂͗ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺെͶ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻᇱ ൌ െͶ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ݂͗ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ
െͶ ‫ݔ‬൏Ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݂͗ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቄ
ʹ ‫ݔ‬൐Ͳ

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϬ
௔ ଵ ଵ
ϭϮϲ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ͳ ൅ ൌ ͳ ൅ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ൌ ʹƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƋƵĞƐĞũĂŽǀĂůŽƌ
௔௫ ௫ ଵ
ĚĞܽ͘

ϭϮϳ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ


ಮ
ಮ
௘ ೣ ା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ௘ೣ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ௘ೣ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ϭϮϴ͘ĂͿ௫ืାஶ ௫
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൅ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
ൌ ൅λ ൅ Ͳ ൌ ൅λ
ಮ
ಮ ೣ
௘ ೣ ା௫ ௘ ೣ ቀଵା ೣቁ
ďͿ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ೣ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
೐
ൌ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଶ௘ ೣ ௘ ቀ ାଶቁ
೐ೣ
ೣ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
ଵା ೣ ଵା଴ ଵ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଴
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ೐ ൌ ൌ ͮ௫ืାஶ
௘ೣ
೐ೣ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ାଶ ଴ାଶ ଶ ାஶ
೐ೣ ೣ
௘ ೣ ା௫ ଵା଴ ଵ
ĐͿ௫ื଴ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଶ௘ ೣ ൌ ିஶାଶ ൌ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ
బ
బ
୪୬ሺଵାଶ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺଵାଶ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺଵା௧ሻ ଵ ୪୬ሺଵା௧ሻ ଵ ଵ
ĚͿ௫ื଴ ସ௫
ฑൌ
ณ ௫ื଴ ସ௫ ൌ ௫ื଴ ଶ௧
ൌ ௫ื଴ ௧
ൌ ൈͳൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
௧ୀଶ௫
ஶିஶ
௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ ௫
ĞͿ௫ืାஶൣ‫ ݔ‬ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ൧ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂቀ ቁ ቃ ൌ
௫ ௫
ൌ ሺ݁ሻ ൌ ͳ
ಮ
ಮ ೐ೣ
௘ೣ ାஶ
ĨͿ௫ืାஶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
ೣ
ൌ ൌ ൅λ
଴
ೣ
ಮ
ஶൈ଴ మ ଷ
ಮ
௫మ ௫మ ௫య
ŐͿ௫ืାஶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ଵିଷ௫ ሻ
݁ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ቀ௘ యೣషభ ቁ ᇩᇭᇪ
ൌ
ณᇭᇫ ௫ืାஶ ቀሺ௘ ೣ ሻయ ൈ௘ షభ ቁ ൌ ݁ ௫ืାஶ ቆ௘ ೣ ቇ ൌ
௬ୀଷ௫ିଵ
ൌ ݁ ൈ Ͳଷ ൌ Ͳ
଴ൈஶ మ
ଵ ଶ ୪୬ቀ ቁ ୪୬ሺଶሻି୪୬ሺ௬ሻ
೤
ŚͿ௫ื଴ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ฏ
ൌ
ณ ௬ืାஶ ቂ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ௬ืାஶ ቈ ቉ ൌ ௬ืାஶ ௬
ൌ
௬ ௬ ௬
భ
௬ୀ
ೣ
୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺ௬ሻ
ൌ ௬ืାஶ ቀ ௬
െ ௬
ቁ ൌ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
ஶିஶ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ŝͿ௫ืାஶ ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͷ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀ
௫
െ Ͷቁቃ ൌ ൅λ ൈ ሺͲ െ Ͷሻ ൌ െλ
ಮ
ಮ ೣ
ଵ଴଴ೣ ௘ ౢ౤൫భబబ ൯ ௘ ೣ ౢ౤ሺభబబሻ ሺ௘ ೣ ሻౢ౤ሺభబబሻ
ũͿ௫ืାஶ ௫ భబబ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ௫ భబబ ൌ ௫ืାஶ
௫ భబబ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ
௫ భబబ
ൌ
୪୬ሺଵ଴଴ሻ
௫
݁
ൌ ቌ ଵ଴଴ ቍ ൌ ൅λ
௫ืାஶ
‫ ݔ‬୪୬ሺଵ଴଴ሻ
ಮ
ಮ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
୪୭୥బǡఱ ሺ௫ሻ ౢ౤ሺబǡఱሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ŬͿ௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ୪୬ሺ଴ǡହሻ௫ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ
௫ ୪୬ሺ଴ǡହሻ
ͳ
ൌ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
ሺͲǡͷሻ


మ೙శభ మ೙శభ
ସ௡ିଵ ೙ ସ ଶ ଵ଺ ௡ିଵ మ ଵ ଴
ϭϮϵ͘ĂͿ ቀ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ ďͿ ቀ ቁ೙ శభ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ
ଷ௡ାଶ ଷ ଽ ଷ௡ାଶ ଷ

ϭϯϬ͘ĂͿ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ି௫ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ݁ ି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ͸‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି௫ ൌ ሺ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ି௫
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ି௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ

െλ Ͳ ʹ ൅λ
݁ ି௫ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݃ᇱ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĚĞ݃ ƌĞů͘ ƌĞů͘

݃ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽŝŐƵĂůĂͳĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽŝŐƵĂůĂͳ ൅ ͳʹ݁ ିଶĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ͘

భ
ϭϯϭ͘ĂͿ௫ื଴ష ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ
௫ื଴ష ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ሾ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿ ൌ Ͳ െ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ
݃ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵͲ͘
భ భ
ᇱ ሺͲି ሻ ௘ బశ೓ ିଵ ௘ ೓ ିଵ ௘ షಮ ିଵ ିଵ
݃ ൌ ௛ื௢ష ൌ ൌ ௛ื௢ష ൌ ൌ ൅λ
௛ ௛ ଴ష ଴ష
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ŶĆŽĠĚĞƌŝǀĄǀĞůĞŵͲ͘
ᇱ భ
భ
ଵ ᇱ భ
ଵ భ
௘ೣ
ďͿWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ͗݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ݁ ೣ ቁ ൌ ቀ௫ቁ ݁ ೣ ൌ െ ௫ మ ݁ ೣ ൌ െ ௫ మ ͘
ᇲ
൫ଵା௫ మ ൯ ଶ௫ ଵା௫ మ ିଶ௫ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ݂͗ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ͳ െ ൌͳെ ൌ ൌ
ଵା௫ మ ଵା௫ మ ଵା௫ మ ଵା௫ మ
భ
௘ ೣ
െ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗‫ܦ‬௚ᇲ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽĞ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൞ ௫మ
ሺ௫ିଵሻమ
‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
ଵା௫ మ
ƐƚƵĚŽĚĂŵŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞĚŽƐĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ
భ
భ
௘ ೣ
െ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ೣ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫͖׎ א ݔ‬ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͲĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ԢŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘
௫మ
ሺ௫ିଵሻమ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͖ĐŽŵŽͳ ‫ א‬ሿͲǡ ൅λሾ͕ͳĠǌĞƌŽĚĞ݃Ԣ͘
ଵା௫ మ

െλ Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
ଵ
െ
݁ ௫
െ
‫ݔ‬ଶ
ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൅ Ͳ ൅

ͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ଶ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݃ᇱ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա ա
ĚĞ݃ ĂďƐ͘

݃ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ ͲሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
݃ሺͲሻ ൌ ͲĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĚĞ݃͘


ϭϯϮ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թ ‫ ʹ ׷‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെͳǡ ʹሾ
ďͿ௫ืିଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିଵశ ሺʹ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ሺͲሻ ൌ െλ

௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ሺʹ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ሺͲሻ ൌ െλ
ᇲ
൫ଶା௫ି௫ మ ൯ ଵିଶ௫
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ଶା௫ି௫ మ
ൌ
ଶା௫ି௫ మ
ଵିଶ௫ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶା௫ି௫ మ ଶ

െͳ ͳ ʹ

ʹ
ͳ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ൅ Ͳ െ
ʹ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘
ĚĞ݂ ĂďƐ͘

ଵ ଵ
݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቃെͳǡ ቃĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂ ǡ ʹቂ͘
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଽ
݂ ቀଶቁ ൌ ቀସቁĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĚĞ݃͘
ଽ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ቃെλǡ ቀ ቁቃ͘
ସ

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϭ
ϭϯϯ͘ĂͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
మ ᇱ మ మ ᇱ
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ൯ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൈ ൫݁ ௫ ൯ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ൫݁ ௫ ൯ ൌ
మ మ మ మ మ
ൌ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ൫݁ ௫ ൯ ൌ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ൫݁ ௫ ൯ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ
మ ᇱ మ ᇱ మ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൣ݁ ௫ ሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ൧ ൌ ൫݁ ௫ ൯ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ൌ
మ మ మ మ
ൌ ʹ‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൈ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ Ͷ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͸‫ݔ‬ሻ
మ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௫ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͸‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ

െλ Ͳ ൅λ
௫మ ൅ ൅ ൅
݁
‫ݔ‬ െ Ͳ ൅
ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅
Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ െ Ͳ ൅


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿെλǡ ͲሿĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
ďͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ͵ሻ݁ ௧ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ͵ሻᇱ ൈ ሺ݁ ௧ ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ͵ሻ ൈ ሺ݁ ௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௧ ൅ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ͵ሻሺ݁ ௧ ሻ ൌ
ൌ ݁ ௧ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ ݐ‬െ ͵ሻ ൌ ݁ ௧ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹሻ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ௧ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௧ ሻᇱ ൈ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹሻ ൅ ݁ ௧ ൈ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௧ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹሻ ൅ ݁ ௧ ൌ
ൌ ݁ ௧ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ ݁ ௧ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ͳሻ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௧ ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳ

െλ ͳ ൅λ
݁௧ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ ݐ‬െ ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ െ Ͳ ൅


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿെλǡ ͳሿĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
ଵ
ĐͿභ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቃͲǡ ቃ
ଶ
ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂͗ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ቀʹ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ
௧
ᇲ
൫ଶ௧ మ ାଵ൯ ସ௧
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ൌ మ ାଵ
ଶ௧ మ ାଵ ଶ௧
ᇱ ᇲ
ସ௧ ሺସ௧ሻᇲ ൈ൫ଶ௧ మ ାଵ൯ିସ௧ൈ൫ଶ௧ మ ାଵ൯ ସ൫ଶ௧ మ ାଵ൯ିସ௧ൈସ௧ ସ௧ మ ାସ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ మ ାଵቁ ൌ ሺଶ௧ మ ାଵሻమ
ൌ ሺଶ௧ మ ାଵሻమ
ൌ ሺଶ௧ మ ାଵሻమ
ଶ௧
ଵ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݐ׊‬ቃͲǡ ቃ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞŵƉƌĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ͘
ଶ

ϭϯϰ͘ĂͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ Թ
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
݃ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻଷ ݁ ିሺି௫ሻ ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ௫ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽƐĞƚĞŵ݃ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௚ ͕ŶĞŵƐĞƚĞŵ
݃ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௚ ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠƉĂƌŶĞŵşŵƉĂƌ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂůĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ
ĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂůĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݁ ௫ ͘
භWŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽĐŽŵŽƐĞŝǆŽƐ
݃ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂĂŵďŽƐŽƐĞŝǆŽƐŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂů͘
௚ሺ௫ሻ ௫ య ௘ షೣ
௫ืିஶ
௫
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି௫ ሻ ൌ ൅λ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĞŵെλ͘
ஶൈ଴ ‫ݔ‬ଷ
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ି௫ ሻ ൌ ฎ ௫ ൌ Ͳ
௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ݁
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃Ğŵ൅λ͘
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻᇱ ݁ ି௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሺ݁ ି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି௫ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ି௫ ൌ ݁ ି௫ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି௫ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͵


െλ Ͳ ͵ ൅λ
ି௫
݁ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺ͵ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݃ᇱ ൅ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĚĞ݃ ĂďƐ͘

݃ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͵ሿĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾ͵ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ଶ଻
݃ሺ͵ሻ ൌ య ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ͘
௘
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ି௫ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ି௫ ሻᇱ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ ൅ ݁ ି௫ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ݁ ି௫ ሺെ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ ൅ ݁ ି௫ ሺ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ݁ ି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ݔ‬ሻ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͵ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵

െλ Ͳ ͵ െ ξ͵ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ൅λ
‫ݔ‬ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
ᇱᇱ
݃
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ W͘/͘ W͘/͘ W͘/͘
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ
ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿെλǡ ͲሿĞĞŵൣ͵ െ ξ͵ǡ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ൣĞƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵൣͲǡ͵ െ ξ͵൧ĞĞŵൣ͵ ൅ ξ͵ǡ ൅λൣ͖ƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ͕
Ğŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵ െ ξ͵ĞĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵͘
ଶ଻
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ቃെλǡ య ቃ͘
௘
ďͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௥ ൌ Թ
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
మ మ
‫ݎ‬ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹଵିሺି௫ሻ ൌ ʹଵି௫ ൌ ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௥
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠƉĂƌ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌĂĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂůĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ௫ ĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂůĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͘
‫ݎ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹଵି଴ ൌ ʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽƐĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĞŵሺͲǡ ʹሻ͘
మ
‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹଵି௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫͖׎ א ݔ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ͘
మ
௫ืିஶ ʹଵି௫ ൌ ʹିஶ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݎ‬Ğŵെλ͘


మ
௫ืାஶ ʹଵି௫ ൌ ʹିஶ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݎ‬Ğŵ൅λ͘
మ ᇱ మ మ మ
‫ ݎ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ʹଵି௫ ൯ ൌ ሺͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ʹଵି௫ ሺʹሻ ൌ െʹ ሺʹሻ ‫ʹݔ‬ଵି௫ ൌ െ ሺʹሻ ‫ʹݔ‬ଶି௫
మ మ
‫ݎ‬Ԣሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െʹ ሺʹሻ ‫ʹݔ‬ଵି௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ʹ ש‬ଵି௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ

െλ Ͳ ൅λ
െ ሺʹሻ ‫ݔ‬ ൅ Ͳ െ
మ
ʹଶି௫ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ‫ ݎ‬ᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĚĞ‫ݎ‬ ĂďƐ͘

‫ݎ‬ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿ െ λǡ ͲሿĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
‫ݎ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹĠŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ͘
మ ᇱ మ మ ᇱ
‫ ݎ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൣെ ሺʹሻ ‫ʹݔ‬ଶି௫ ൧ ൌ ሾെ ሺʹሻ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൫ʹଶି௫ ൯ ൅ ሺെ ሺʹሻ ‫ݔ‬ሻ൫ʹଶି௫ ൯ ൌ
మ మ మ
ൌ െ ሺʹሻ ʹଶି௫ ൅ ሺെ ሺʹሻ ‫ݔ‬ሻሺെʹ‫ݔ‬ሻʹଶି௫ ሺʹሻ ൌ െ ሺʹሻ ൫ʹଶି௫ ൯ሾͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺെʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺʹሻሿ ൌ
మ
ൌ െ ሺʹሻ ൫ʹଶି௫ ൯ሾͳ െ ሺͶሻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሿ
మ
‫ ݎ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ሺʹሻ ൫ʹଶି௫ ൯ሾͳ െ ሺͶሻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሿ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ሺͶሻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଵ ଵ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െට ‫ ݔש‬ൌට
୪୬ሺସሻ ୪୬ሺସሻ

െλ ൅λ
ͳ ͳ
െඨ ඨ
ሺͶሻ ሺͶሻ
మ
െ ሺʹሻ ൫ʹଶି௫ ൯ െ െ െ െ െ
ͳ െ ሺͶሻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݎ‬ᇱᇱ
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݎ‬

ଵ ଵ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݎ‬ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ൨െλǡ െට ൨ĞĞŵ൤ට୪୬ሺସሻ ǡ ൅λ൤ĞƚĞŵĂ
୪୬ሺସሻ
ଵ ଵ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ൤െට ǡට ൨͘
୪୬ሺସሻ ୪୬ሺସሻ
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௥ ൌ ሿͲǡ ʹሿ͘
ĐͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
݂ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ି௫ ሾሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ݁ ି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽƐĞƚĞŵ݂ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ ŶĞŵƐĞƚĞŵ
݂ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠƉĂƌŶĞŵşŵƉĂƌ͘


ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƉƌŽĚƵƚŽĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂůĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݁ ௫
ĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂůĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫͘ݔ‬
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂĂŵďŽƐŽƐĞŝǆŽƐŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵ͘
଴ൈஶ ‫ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ݕ‬
ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ฑ ณ ሾ݁ ି௬ ሺ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ݕ‬ሻሿ ൌ
ൌ ൌ
௫ืିஶ ௬ืାஶ ௬ืାஶ ݁ ௬
௬ୀି௫
೤మ ష೤ భ
೤మ
ଵି ଵ
೤
ൌ ௬ืାஶ ೐೤
ൌ ௬ืାஶ ೐೤
ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ାஶ
೤మ ೤మ
௘ ೣ ൫௫ మ ା௫൯
௫ืାஶ ௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ ൅λ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĞŵ൅λ͘
ᇱ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ൯ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ
ିଷିξହ ିଷାξହ
݂Ԣሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ‫ݔ ש‬ ൌ
ଶ

െλ െ͵ െ ξͷ െ͵ ൅ ξͷ ൅λ

ʹ ʹ
௫
݁ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
ଶ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ŵĄǆ͘ƌĞů͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ƌĞů͘ ա
ĚĞ݂

ିଷିξହ ିଷାξହ ିଷିξହ ିଷାξହ
݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቃെλǡ ଶ
ቃĞĞŵቂ ଶ ǡ ൅λቂĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂ ଶ ǡ ଶ ቃ͘
ିଷିξହ ିଷାξହ
݂ ቀ ଶ ቁĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ݂ ቀ ଶ ቁĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͶ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െͳ

െλ െͶ െͳ ൅λ
௫
݁ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
ᇱᇱ
݂
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿെλǡ െͶሿĞĞŵሾെͳǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሾെͶǡ െͳሿ͘

ିଷାξହ ିଷାξହ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ቀ ଶ
ቁ ൏ ͲƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ݂ ቀ ଶ ቁĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
ିଷାξହ
‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ቂ݂ ቀ ଶ ቁ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
ĚͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௝ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ሽ ൌ Թା
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
ŽŵŽ‫ܦ‬௝ ൌ ԹାĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠƉĂƌŶĞŵşŵƉĂƌ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽůŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĨŝŵĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫͘ݔ‬
Ͳ ‫ܦ ב‬௝ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͘
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݆ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ
ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͳǡ Ͳሻ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹା ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽƐĞƵ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
௫ื଴శ ൌ శ ൌ െλ
௫ ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݆͘
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݆Ğŵ൅λ͘
భ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ൈ௫ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻൈ௫ ᇲ ൈ௫ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݆ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫
ቁ ൌ ௫మ
ൌ ೣ
௫మ
ൌ ௫ మ
݆ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬௝ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁

Ͳ ݁ ൅λ
ͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ Ͳ െ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݆ ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĚĞ݆ ĂďƐ͘

݆ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ݁ሿĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ଵ
݆ሺ݁ሻ ൌ ௘ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ͘
ᇲ భ
ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ൈ௫ మ ିሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈ൫௫ మ ൯ ି ൈ௫ మ ିሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈଶ௫
݆ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫మ
ቁ ൌ
௫ర
ൌ ೣ
௫ర
ൌ
ି௫ିଶ௫ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿ ௫ሾିଵିଶାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଷ
ൌ ൌ ൌ
௫ర ௫ర ௫య
ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଷ
݆ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬௝ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ξ݁ ଷ
௫య


Ͳ ඥ݁ ଷ ൅λ
ʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͵ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ൅ ൅
ᇱᇱ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݆ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘
ĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ĚĞ݆

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݆ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ൧Ͳǡ ξ݁ ଷ ൧͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵൣξ݁ ଷ ǡ ൅λൣĞƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂŝŐƵĂůĂξ݁ ଷ ͘
ଵ
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௝ ൌ ቂ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
௘
ĞͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെλǡ ͳሾ̳ሼͲሽ
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
ŽŵŽ‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሿെλǡ ͳሾ̳ሼͲሽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠƉĂƌŶĞŵşŵƉĂƌ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĨŝŵĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳĞĂĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĚĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽůŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂĐŽŵƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĨŝŵ͘
Ͳ ‫ܦ ב‬௛ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͘
௫ିଵ
݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫͖׎ א ݔ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽ
୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ
ĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿെλǡ ͳሾ̳ሼͲሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞŵ
ƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
௫ିଵ ିଵ ିଵ ௫ିଵ
௫ื଴ష ൌ శ ሻ ൌ శ ൌ െλĞ௫ื଴
శ ൌ ൅λ
୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ ୪୬ሺଵ ଴ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄͘
௫ିଵ ିଵ ିଵ
௫ืଵష ൌ శሻ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ ୪୬ሺ଴ ିஶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄͘
ೣషభ
ౢ౤ሺభషೣሻ ௫ିଵ ௫ିଵ ଵ ଵ
௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቀ ൈ ቁ ൌͳൈ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ௫ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ ௫ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ ାஶ
ಮ
ಮ
௫ିଵ ௫ିଵ ି௬ ଵ ଵ
௫ืିஶ ቂ െ Ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ ᇩᇪᇫ
ൌ
ณ ௬ืାஶ ୪୬ሺ௬ሻ ൌ െ ௬ืାஶ ౢ౤ሺ೤ሻ ൌ െ ൌ λ
୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ ଴
௬ୀଵି௫ ೤
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄Ğŵെλ͘
భ
௫ିଵ ᇱ ሺ௫ିଵሻᇲ ൈ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିሺ௫ିଵሻൈሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿᇲ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିሺ௫ିଵሻൈቀି ቁ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଵ
݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ ൌ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ
భషೣ
ൌ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ
୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻ
୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଵ
݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௛ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ െ ݁


൅λ ͳ െ ݁ Ͳ ͳ
ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ െ
ሾሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݄ᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘
ĚĞ݄ ƌĞů͘

݄ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ ͳ െ ݁ሿĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͳ െ ݁ǡ ͲሾĞĞŵሿͲǡ ͳሾ͘
݄ሺͳ െ ݁ሻ ൌ െ݁ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ᇲ
୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଵ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଵሿᇲ ൈሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ ିሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଵሿൈ൫ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ ൯
݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌቀ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ ቁ ൌ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿర
ൌ
భ షభ ሾౢ౤ሺభషೣሻሿమ మ ౢ౤ሺభషೣሻሾౢ౤ሺభషೣሻషభሿ
ି ൈሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿమ ିሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଵሿൈቀଶ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻൈ ቁ ି ା
భషೣ భషೣ
ൌ ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿర
ൌ భషೣ భషೣ
ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿర
ൌ
ౢ౤ሺభషೣሻ మሾౢ౤ሺభషೣሻషభሿ
ି ା ି ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻାଶ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଶ ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଶ
ൌ భషೣ భషೣ
ሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿయ
ൌ ሺଵି௫ሻሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿయ
ൌ ሺଵି௫ሻሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿయ

୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻିଶ
݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଵି௫ሻሾ୪୬ሺଵି௫ሻሿయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሾሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଷ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௛ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ െ ݁ ଶ

൅λ ͳ െ ݁ ଶ Ͳ ͳ
ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ ൅ Ͳ െ െ
ͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
ଷ
ሾሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൅ ൅ ൅ െ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݄ᇱᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ ŵĄǆ͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ ƌĞů͘
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿെλǡ ͳ െ ݁ ଶ ሿĞĞŵሿͲǡͳሾ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሾͳ െ ݁ ଶ ǡ ͲሾĞƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂŝŐƵĂůĂͳ െ ݁ ଶ ͘
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ሿെλǡ െ݁ሿ ‫ ׫‬ሿͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
ĨͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௦ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ͮʹ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ݁ ଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ േ݁
ൌ Թ̳ሼെ݁ǡ Ͳǡ ݁ሽ
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
ି௫ ି௫ ௫
‫ݏ‬ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ మሻ ൌ
ଶି୪୬ሺሺି௫ሻ మሻ ൌ െ
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ మ ሻ ൌ െ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௦
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĨŝŵĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ĞĂ
ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĞŶƚƌĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĞĂĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĚĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽůŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂĐŽŵƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ
ƋƵĂĚƌĄƚŝĐĂ͘


Ͳ ‫ܦ ב‬௦ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͘
௫ ଶሻ
‫ݏ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ మ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ʹ ר‬െ ሺ‫ݔ‬
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫
് Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫͖׎ א ݔ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽ
ŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ̳ሼെ݁ǡ Ͳǡ ݁ሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͕݁‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
௫ ି௘ ି௘ ௫ ି௘ ି௘
௫ืି௘ ష మሻ ൌ మ ሻశ ൌ ష ൌ ൅λĞ௫ืି௘
శ
మሻ ൌ మ ሻష ൌ శ ൌ െλ
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ ଶି୪୬ሺ௘ ଴ ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ ଶି୪୬ሺ௘ ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ݁ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫͘ݏ‬
ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ƚĂŵďĠŵĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫͘ݏ‬
௫ ଴ ଴
௫ื଴ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ మ ሻ ଶିሺିஶሻ ାஶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫͘ݏ‬
ೣ
మషౢ౤൫ೣమ ൯ ௫ ଵ ଵ
௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ଶ௫ି௫ ୪୬ሺ௫ మ ሻ
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ మ ሻ ଶିஶ
‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬
൤ ଶ
െ Ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬൨ ൌ ଶ
ൌ ൌ
௫ืାஶ ʹ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ௫ืାஶ ʹ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሻ ௫ืାஶ ʹ െ ʹ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ଵ ଵ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ మ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ൌ ൌ λ
ିଶ ଴ିଶൈ଴
ೣ ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݏ‬Ğŵ൅λ͘
ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞƚĂŵďĠŵŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݏ‬
Ğŵെλ͘
ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ǀĂŵŽƐĞƐƚƵĚĄͲůĂĞŵԹା ̳ሼ݁ሽĞ͕ĞŵƐĞŐƵŝĚĂ͕ĚĞĚƵǌŝŵŽƐĂƐƐƵĂƐƉƌŽƉƌŝĞĚĂĚĞƐ
ĞŵԹି ̳ሼെ݁ሽ͘
௫ ௫ ଵ ௫
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŵԹା ̳ሼ݁ሽ͕‫ݏ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ మሻ ൌ ൌ ൈ ͘
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ ଶିଶ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଶ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
భ
ଵ ௫ ଵ ௫ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ௫ ᇲ ൈሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿି௫ൈሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ଵ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻି௫ൈቂି ቃ
‫ ݏ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ൈ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൈ ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ൌ ൈ ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ೣ
ൌ
ଶ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଶ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵ ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ ൈ ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ൌ ଶሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ଶ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
‫ݏ‬ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬Թା ̳ሼ݁ሽ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଶ

Ͳ ݁ ݁ ଶ ൅λ
ʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
ʹሾͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ‫ ݏ‬ᇱ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ‫ݏ‬ ƌĞů͘

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗

െλ െ݁ ଶ െ݁ Ͳ ݁ ݁ ଶ ൅λ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ‫ݏ‬ ƌĞů͘ ƌĞů͘


‫ݏ‬ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ െ݁ ଶ ሿĞĞŵሾ݁ ଶ ǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾെ݁ ଶ ǡ െ݁ሾ͕Ğŵሿെ݁ǡ Ͳሾ͕ĞŵሿͲǡ ݁ሾĞ
Ğŵሿ݁ǡ ݁ ଶ ሿ͘
௘మ ௘మ
‫ݏ‬ሺെ݁ ଶ ሻ ൌ ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ‫ݏ‬ሺ݁ ଶ ሻ ൌ െ ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ଶ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŵԹା ̳ሼ݁ሽ͗
ᇱ ᇲ
ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ଵ ሾଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ൈሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ିሾଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈ൫ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ൯
‫ ݏ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌቀଶሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ቁ ൌ ൈ ቀሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ቁ ൌ ൈ ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿర
ൌ
ଶ ଶ
భ భ
ି ൈሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ିሾଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈଶሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿቀି ቁ ଵ ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿିሾଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈଶ
ൌ ೣ
ଶሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿర
ೣ
ൌ െ ሾͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൈ ൌ
௫ ଶሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿర
ଵ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻିସାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଷ ଷି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ െ ൈ ଶሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿయ ൌ െ ൌ ଶ௫ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿయ
௫ ଶ௫ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿయ
ଷି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
‫ ݏ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶ௫ሾଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሾሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଷ ് Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬Թା ̳ሼ݁ሽ ฻
ଷ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁

Ͳ ݁ ݁ ଷ ൅λ
͵ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
ʹ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
ሾͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଷ ൅ െ െ െ
ᇱᇱ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ‫ݏ‬ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘
ĚĞ‫ݏ‬


െλ െ݁ ଷ െ݁ Ͳ ݁ ݁ ଷ ൅λ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐ W͘/͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘
ĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݏ‬

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݏ‬ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿെλǡ െ݁ ଷ ሿ͕Ğŵሿെ݁ǡ ͲሾĞĞŵሿ݁ǡ ݁ ଷ ሿ͕ƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሾെ݁ ଷ ǡ െ݁ሾ͕ĞŵሿͲǡ ݁ሾĞĞŵሾ݁ ଷ ǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ
ĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŝŐƵĂŝƐĂെ݁ ଷĞ݁ ଷ
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௦ ൌ Թ͘
ŐͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௧ ൌ Թା
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
ŽŵŽ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ Թା ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠƉĂƌŶĞŵşŵƉĂƌ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĚĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽůŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂ
ĐŽŵƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĂĚƌĄƚŝĐĂĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĨŝŵĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫͘ݔ‬
Ͳ ‫ܦ ב‬௧ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ͘
ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ
‫ݐ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻଶ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐ
ĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͳǡ Ͳሻ͘


ƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ାஶ
௫ื௢శ ௫ ൌ శ ൌ ൅λ
଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݐ‬
ஶ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ஶ ሺ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ሻ
ൌ ቆ ቇ ൌ ቆ ณ ቆ
ቇ ฑ
ൌ ቇ ൌ
௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ξ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ξ‫ݔ‬ ௬ืାஶ ‫ݕ‬
௬ୀξ௫
ଶ ୪୬ሺ௬ሻ ଶ
ൌ ቀ௬ืାஶ ௬ ቁ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݐ‬Ğŵ൅λ͘
భ
ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ᇱ
ᇲ
ൣሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ൧ ൈ௫ିሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ൈሺ௫ሻᇲ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻൈ ൈ௫ିሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሾଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿ
‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ೣ
ൌ
௫ ௫మ ௫మ ௫మ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻሾଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿ
‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫మ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሾʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬௧ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ݁ ଶ

Ͳ ͳ ݁ ଶ ൅λ
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ Ͳ ൅ ൅ ൅
ʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ‫ ݐ‬ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ‫ݐ‬ ĂďƐ͘ ƌĞů͘

‫ݐ‬ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ͳሿĞĞŵሾ݁ ଶ ǡ ൅λሾĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͳǡ ݁ ଶ ሾ͘
ସ
‫ݐ‬ሺͳሻ ൌ ͲĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĞ‫ݐ‬ሺ݁ ଶ ሻ ൌ మ ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
௘
୪୬ሺ௫ሻሺଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻ ᇱ
‫ ݐ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌቂ ௫మ
ቃ ൌ ͮሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺʹ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻሿᇱ ൌ
ଶିଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
௫

మషమ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ᇲ
ൈ௫ మ ିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሺଶି୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻሿൈ൫௫ మ ൯ ଶ௫ିଶ௫ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିൣଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ൧ൈଶ௫
ൌ ೣ
ൌ ൌ
௫ర ௫ర
ଶିଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିൣଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ൧ൈଶଶିଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିସ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଶሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ଶൣሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ିଷ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵ൧
ൌ ௫ య ൌ ௫ య ൌ ௫య

ଶൣሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻమ ିଷ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵ൧
‫ ݐ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫య
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻଶ െ ͵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ ‫ א‬Թା ̳ሼ݁ሽ ฻
యషξఱ యశξఱ
ଷേξହ
฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ଶ ‫ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬Թା ̳ሼ݁ሽ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ మ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ݁ మ

Ͳ ଷିξହ ଷାξହ ൅λ
݁ ଶ ݁ ଶ
ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻଶ െ ͵ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ‫ ݐ‬ᇱᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘ W͘/͘
ĚĞ‫ݐ‬

యషξఱ యశξఱ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݐ‬ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ൨Ͳǡ ݁ మ ൨ĞĞŵ൤݁ మ ǡ ൅λ൤ĞƚĞŵĂ
యషξఱ యశξఱ యషξఱ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ൤݁ మ ǡ݁ మ ൨ĞƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŝŐƵĂŝƐĂ݁ మ
యశξఱ
Ğ݁ మ ͘
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௧ ൌ ሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͘
ŚͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
ଵ ଵ
‫ܦ‬௟ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ͳ ൅ ሺȁ‫ݔ‬ȁሻ ് Ͳ ‫ ר‬ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ͮͳ ൅ ሺȁ‫ݔ‬ȁሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ േ
௘ ௘
ଵ ଵ
ൌ Թ̳ ቄെ ǡ Ͳǡ ቅ
௘ ௘
භWĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
ି௫ ି௫ ௫
݈ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ൌെ ൌ െ݈ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻǡ ‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௦
ଵା୪୬ሺȁି௫ȁሻ ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͗ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĨŝŵĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ĞĂ
ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĚĞƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽůŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂĐŽŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŵſĚƵůŽ͘
Ͳ ‫ܦ ב‬௟ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͘
௫
݈ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬൅ ሺȁ‫ݔ‬ȁሻ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫͖׎ א ݔ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽ
ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ
ĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ͘
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ̳ ቄെ ǡ Ͳǡ ቅ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ͕‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ
௘ ௘ ௘
ଵ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
௘
௫ ିଵȀ௘ ିଵȀ௘ ௫ ିଵȀ௘ ିଵȀ௘
௫ืିభష ൌ భష ൌ ൌ െλĞ భశ ൌ భశ
ൌ ൌ ൅λ
೐
ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ ଵା୪୬ቀ ቁ ଴శ ௫ืି ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ ଵା୪୬൬ ൰ ଴ష
೐ ೐ ೐
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݈͘
௘
ଵ
ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ௘ƚĂŵďĠŵĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݈͘
௫ ଴ ଴
௫ื଴ ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ଵାሺିஶሻ ିஶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݈͘
ೣ
భశౢ౤ሺȁೣȁሻ ଵ ଵ
௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ାஶ
௫ ௫ ଵ ଵ
௫ืାஶ ቂଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ െ Ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ భ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ൌ
଴ା଴
ൌ λ
ା
ೣ ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݈Ğŵ൅λ͘
ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞƚĂŵďĠŵŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݈
Ğŵെλ͘
ଵ
ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ǀĂŵŽƐĞƐƚƵĚĄͲůĂĞŵԹା ̳ ቄ ቅĞ͕ĞŵƐĞŐƵŝĚĂ͕ĚĞĚƵǌŝŵŽƐĂƐƐƵĂƐƉƌŽƉƌŝĞĚĂĚĞƐ
௘
ଵ
ĞŵԹି ̳ ቄെ ቅ͘
௘
ଵ ௫ ௫
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŵԹା ̳ ቄ ቅ͕݈ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ͘
௘ ଵା୪୬ሺȁ௫ȁሻ ଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ


ᇱ భ
௫ ௫ ᇲ ൈሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿି௫ൈሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻି௫ൈ ଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݈ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ൌ ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ೣ
ൌ ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ൌ ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ
݈ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬Թା ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ
௘

Ͳ ͳ ͳ ൅λ

݁
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ െ Ͳ ൅
ሾͳ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݈ ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ݈ ƌĞů͘


െλ െͳ ͳ Ͳ ͳ ͳ ൅λ
െ
݁ ݁
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ƌĞů͘ ƌĞů͘
ĚĞ݈

ଵ ଵ ଵ
݈ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ െͳሿĞĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂെͳǡ െ ቂ͕Ğŵቃെ ǡ Ͳቂ͕ĞŵቃͲǡ ቂĞĞŵ
௘ ௘ ௘
ଵ
ቃ௘ ǡ ͳቃ͘
݈ሺെͳሻ ൌ െͳĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ݈ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŵԹା ̳ ቄ ቅ
௘
ᇱ ᇲ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ൈሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈ൫ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ൯
݈ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌቀሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ቁ ൌ ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿర
ൌ
భ భ
ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈଶሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈ ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿൈଶሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿ
ൌ ೣ
ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿర
ೣ
ൌ ௫ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿర
с
ଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ ൌ
௫ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿయ ௫ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿయ
ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ
݈ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌͲ฻ ͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ר‬ሾͳ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଷ ് Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬Թା ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻
௫ሾଵା୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿయ ௘
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁

Ͳ ͳ ݁ ൅λ

݁
ͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ
‫ݔ‬ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
ሾͳ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଷ െ ൅ ൅ ൅
ᇱᇱ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ‫ݏ‬ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘
ĚĞ‫ݏ‬



െλ െ݁ ͳ Ͳ ͳ ݁ ൅λ
െ
݁ ݁
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐ W͘/͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘
ĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݏ‬

ଵ ଵ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ‫ݏ‬ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿെλǡ െ݁ሿ͕Ğŵቃെ ǡ ͲቂĞĞŵቃ ǡ ݁ቃ͕ƚĞŵĂ
௘ ௘
ଵ ଵ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂെ݁ǡ െ ௘ቂ͕ĞŵቃͲǡ ௘ቂĞĞŵሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾ͘
௘ ௘
KƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽƐĆŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐቀെ݁ǡ െ ቁĞቀ݁ǡ ቁ͘
ଶ ଶ
ŽĞƐƚƵĚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௟ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽ͘

୪୬ሺ௫ሻሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଶሿ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ
ϭϯϱ͘ĂͿ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൣሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹሿ൧ ൌ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵ
ൌ ሾሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹሻ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹሿᇱ ሿ ൌ ቂ ൅ ௫ ቃൌ ቂ ቃ ൌ ௫
ଶ ଶ ௫ ଶ ௫
ᇱ ሺͳሻ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݄ሺͳሻ ൌ ͲĞ݄ ൌ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂƌĞĨĞƌŝĚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬െ Ͳ ൌ ͳሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ͕
ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ͘
భ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵሿᇲ ൈ௫ିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵሿൈ௫ ᇲ ൈ௫ିሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻାଵሿ ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ďͿ݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ௫
ቁ ൌ
௫ మ ൌ ೣ
௫మ
ൌ
௫మ
ൌെ ௫మ

୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ௫ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬௛ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ

Ͳ ͳ ൅λ
െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ Ͳ െ
ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅
‫ ݔ‬
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݃ᇱᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ W͘/͘
ĚĞ݃

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿͲǡͳሿ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽ
Ğŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾ͘
KƉŽŶƚŽĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͳǡ ͲሻĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘

ϭϯϲ݀͘ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹͷ ൅ ͸‫ ݐ‬െ ʹͷ݁ ିଵǡ଻௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ͸ െ ʹͷ ൈ ሺെͳǡ͹ሻ݁ ିଵǡ଻௧ ൌ ͸ ൅ Ͷʹǡͷ݁ ିଵǡ଻௧
݀ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͸ ൅ Ͷʹǡͷ݁ ିଵǡ଻௧ ሻᇱ ൌ Ͷʹǡͷ ൈ ሺെͳǡ͹ሻ݁ ିଵǡ଻௧ ൌ ͹ʹǡʹͷ݁ ିଵǡ଻௧
݀ᇱᇱ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ͹ʹǡʹͷ ൈ ݁ ିଵǡ଻ൈଷ ൎ െͲǡͶͶ ିଶ


ϭϯϳܿ͘ଵ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ‫ି ݁ݐ‬଴ǡଷ௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺʹ‫ݐ‬ሻᇱ ൈ ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ൅ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ൈ ሺ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ൅ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ൈ ሺെͲǡ͵݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ሻ ൌ
ൌ ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ି ݁ݐ‬଴ǡଷ௧ ൌ ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ሺʹ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ݐ‬ሻ
ଵ଴
ܿଵ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଷ௧ ሺʹ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ʹ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ
ଷ

Ͳ ͳͲ ൅λ

͵
ͳ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ݐ‬ ൅ Ͳ െ
ି଴ǡଷ௧ ൅ ൅ ൅
݁
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞܿଵ ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ ͳͲ ͳͲ ଵ଴
ܿଵ ൬ ൰ ൌ ʹ ൈ ൈ ݁ ି଴ǡଷൈ ଷ ൌ
ĚĞܿଵ ĂďƐ͘ ͵ ͵
ଶ଴
ൌ ൎ ʹǡͶͷ
ଷ௘

ܿଶ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ൈ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ൅ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൈ ሺ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ି ݁ݐ‬଴ǡ଺௧ ൅ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൈ ሺെͲǡ͸݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ሻ ൌ
ൌ ʹ‫ି ݁ݐ‬଴ǡ଺௧ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ൌ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ሺʹ‫ ݐ‬െ Ͳǡ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻ
ܿଵ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ሺʹ‫ ݐ‬െ Ͳǡ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻ ฻ ʹ‫ ݐ‬െ Ͳǡ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݐ‬ሺʹ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଵ଴
฻ ʹ െ Ͳǡ͸‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ
ଷ

Ͳ ͳͲ ൅λ

͵
ʹ‫ ݐ‬െ Ͳǡ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ െ
ି଴ǡ଺௧ ൅ ൅ ൅
݁
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞܿଶ ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ ͳͲ ͳͲͲ ଵ଴
ܿଶ ൬ ൰ ൌ ൈ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺ൈ ଷ ൌ
ĚĞܿଶ ĂďƐ͘ ͵ ͻ
ଵ଴଴
ൌ మ ൎ ͳǡͷ
ଽ௘

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂĕĆŽŵĄǆŝŵĂĠƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌƉĂƌĂŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽŵĞĚŝĐĂŵĞŶƚŽ͘

మఱ
ହ ଶହ ଶହ ଷ଴଴
ϭϯϴ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗ʹ ͷ ൌ ʹ ൅ ൌ ͖݀ ቀ ቁ ൌ భమ
మఱ మ
ൌ ൎ Ͳǡ͵ͻ
଺଴ ଵଶ ଵଶ ቀ ቁ ାଵ ଻଺ଽ
భమ
ᇱ ᇲ
௧ ௧ ᇲ ൫௧ మ ାଵ൯ି௧൫௧ మ ାଵ൯ ௧ మ ାଵିଶ௧ మ ଵି௧ మ ଶହ
ďͿ݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ మ ቁ ൌ ሺ௧ మ మ ൌ ሺ௧ మ మ ൌ ሺ௧ మ ାଵሻమ ͕Ͳ ൑ ‫ ݐ‬൑ ଵଶ
௧ ାଵ ାଵሻ ାଵሻ
ଵି௧ మ ଶହ
݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ௧ మ ାଵሻమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଶ ് Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൑ ‫ ݐ‬൑ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳ
ଵଶ

Ͳ ͳ ʹͷ

ͳʹ
ͳ െ ‫ݐ‬ଶ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ െ
ሺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଶ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݀ᇱ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĚĞ݀ ĂďƐ͘

ଵ
݀ሺͳሻ ൌ ଶŵ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂŵĄǆŝŵĂĨŽŝͷͲĐĞŶƚşŵĞƚƌŽƐĞŽĐŽƌƌĞƵĂŽĨŝŵĚĞƵŵŵŝŶƵƚŽĚĞƉƌŽǀĂ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϰϮ
ᇱ ᇱ
௘ షబǡమ೟ ௘ షబǡమ೟ ଵ
ϭϯϵ͘‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቂͷͷ ቀ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁെ ʹ͹ͷቃ ൌ ͷͷ ቀ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ͷͷ ቂ‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ൅ ሺ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧ ሻᇱ ቃ ൌ
଴ǡଶ ଴ǡଶ ଴ǡଶ
ଵ
ͷͷ ቂͳ ൅ ൈ ሺെͲǡʹሻሺ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧ ሻቃ ൌ ͷͷሺͳ െ ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧ ሻ ൌ ͷͷ െ ͷͷ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧

଴ǡଶ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ି଴ǡଶ௧ ሻᇱ ି଴ǡଶ௧ ሻᇱ ሺെͲǡʹሻ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧
‫ݒ‬ ൌ ሺͷͷ െ ͷͷ݁ ൌ െͷͷሺ݁ ൌ െͷͷ ൈ ൌ ͳͳ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧
ି଴ǡଶ௧
dĞŵͲƐĞͳͳ݁ ൐ Ͳǡ ‫ א ݐ׊‬ሾͲǡͷሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݒ‬ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŵĄǆŝŵŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ
ᇱ ሺͷሻ ହହ
‫ݒ‬ሺͷሻ ൌ ݀ ൌ ͷͷ െ ͷͷ݁ ି଴ǡଶൈହ ൌ ͷͷ െ ൎ ͵Ͷǡͺ ିଵ͘
௘

ϭϰϬ͘ĂͿĂůƚƵƌĂŝĚĞĂůƉĂƌĂĐŽŵƉƌĂƌĂƐĂĕƁĞƐĠƋƵĂŶĚŽĂƚŝŶũĂŵŽŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌ͘
ᇱ ᇱ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
͵ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻ ሾሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻሿᇱ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ
‫ݒ‬ ൌ ቆͷ െ ቇ ൌ ͵ቆ ቇ ൌ͵ൈ ൌ
‫ݐ‬൅ͳ ‫ݐ‬൅ͳ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻଶ
భ
ൈሺ௧ାଵሻି୪୬ሺ௧ାଵሻ ଵି୪୬ሺ௧ାଵሻ
ൌ ͵ ൈ ೟శభ ሺ௧ାଵሻమ
ൌ͵ൈ ሺ௧ାଵሻమ

ͳ െ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻ
‫ ݒ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵ ൈ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ് Ͳ ‫ ݐ ר‬൒ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ݁ െ ͳ
ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻଶ
KƌĂ͕݁ െ ͳ ൎ ͳǡ͹ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽͲǡ͹ʹ ൈ ͵Ͳ ൌ ʹͳǡ͸͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĠĚĂƋƵŝĂƵŵŵġƐĞ
ϮϮĚŝĂƐĂĂůƚƵƌĂĞŵƋƵĞƐĞĚĞǀĞĐŽŵƉƌĂƌĂƐĂĕƁĞƐ͘
ďͿ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶŽŵĄǆŝŵŽ͕ƉŽĚĞƌŝĂƚĞƌŐĂŶŚŽͳͲͲͲ ൈ ሺͷ െ ͵ǡͺͻሻ ൌ ͳͳͳͲĞƵƌŽƐ͘

ϭϰϭ͘ĂͿභƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘
භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ
ೣ
ଵି ೣ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
௫ืିஶ ೐ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቀ െ ೣ ቁ ൌ െ శ ൌ Ͳ െ λ ൌ െλ
௫ ௫ ௘ ିஶ ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃Ğŵെλ͘

௫ ଵ ଵ
௫ืାஶ ቀͳ െ ቁ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቆͳ െ ೐ೣ ቇ ൌ ͳ െ ାஶ ൌ ͳ
௘ೣ
ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃Ğŵ൅λ͘
ďͿŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌ‫ܦ‬௛ ͗
‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ൛‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ ‫݂ ר‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ܦ א‬௚ ൟ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ א‬Թሽ ൌ Թା
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݃൫݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ൯ ൌ ݃ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻ ൌ ͳ െ ௘ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ൌ ͳ െ ௫

భ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿ ൈ௫ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻൈሺ௫ሻᇲ
ᇲ ൈ௫ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
݄Ԣሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀͳ െ ௫ ቁ ൌ ቀെ ௫ ቁ ൌ െ
௫మ
ൌെ ೣ
௫మ
ൌ
ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ
ൌ െ ௫మ ൌ
௫మ
݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬ଶ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௛ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁
௫మ


Ͳ ݁ ൅λ
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݄ᇱ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ Ŷ͘Ě͘ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĚĞ݄ ĂďƐ͘

݄ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ݁ሿĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ଵ ௘ିଵ
݄ሺ݁ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ൌ ĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ ;ϭͿ
௘ ௘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĂŝŶĚĂ͕௫ื଴ ቀͳ െ ௫
ቁ ൌͳെ
଴శ
ൌ ൅λ ;ϮͿ
௘ିଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚĞ;ϭͿĞĚĞ;ϮͿĞĚŽĨĂĐƚŽĚĞ݄ƐĞƌĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ቂ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
௘
ĐͿභŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܣ‬
ଵ ଵ ଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ξ͖݁ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܣ‬ቀξ݁ǡ ቁ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ
භƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂ‫ݎ‬
ଵ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݉௥ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ൫ξ݁൯ ൌ ௘͘
௫ ξ
ଵ ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݕ‬െ ൌ ௘ ൫‫ݔ‬ െ ξ݁൯͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂ‫ݎ‬Ġ
ଶ ξ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ െͳ൅ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕‫ݕ‬ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ െ ͘
ξ௘ ଶ ξ௘ ଶ
භŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܥ‬
ଵ ଵ ξ௘ ξ௘
Ͳൌ ‫ݔ‬ െ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܥ‬ቀ ଶ ǡ Ͳቁ͘
ξ௘ ଶ ଶ
ξ೐ భ
஼஻ തതതത ൬ξ௘ି ൰ൈ
మ మ ξ௘
භƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽൌ ଶ
ൌ
ଶ
ൌ
଼
ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ


ϰ͘DŽĚĞůŽƐĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐ

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϰ
ϭϰϮ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ᇱ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
‫ݔ‬ଶ
݂ ൌ ቆ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳቇ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ
ʹ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ ‫͕ݔ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϱ
ϭϰϯ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ ଷ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ͵݁ ଷ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂݇ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ͵݁ ଷ௫ ൌ ݇݁ ଷ௫ ฻ ݇ ൌ ͵
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ݁ ିହ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ ൈ ሺെͷ݁ ିହ௫ ሻ ൌ െͳͲ݁ ିହ௫

݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂݇ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ െͳͲ݁ ିହ௫ ൌ ʹ݇݁ ିହ௫ ฻ ʹ݇ ൌ െͳͲ ฻ ݇ ൌ െͷ
ଵ ᇱ ଵ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀହ ݁ ି଴ǡଶହ௫ ቁ ൌ െͲǡʹͷ ൈ ቀହ ݁ ି଴ǡଶହ௫ ቁ ൌ െͲǡͲͷ݁ ି଴ǡଶହ௫
௞ ௞
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂݇ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ െͲǡͲͷ݁ ି଴ǡଶହ௫ ൌ ݁ ି଴ǡଶହ௫ ฻ ൌ െͲǡͲͷ ฻ ݇ ൌ െͲǡʹͷ
ହ ହ

^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůࢌᇱ ൌ ࢑ࢌ
ĂͿĂĚŽƋƵĞ݃ĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ݂ ᇱ ൌ ݂͕݇ƉŽƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĕĆŽĚĞƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĞƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƚĞŵƋƵĞƐĞ
ƚĞƌ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݇݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͘
ᇱ
ďͿ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ି௞௫ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ൫݁ ି௞௫ ൯ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ି௞௫ ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ െ݇݁ ି௞௫ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ି௞௫ ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ െ݇݁ ି௞௫ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݁ ି௞௫ ݇݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ
ĐͿĂĚŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄ĠĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͘

sŝŵŽƐƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄ĠĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͘
^ĞũĂ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ ฻ ݁ ି௞௫ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ ฻
ܿ
฻ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ି௞௫ ฻
݁
฻ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚŽĚĂĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ݂ ᇱ ൌ ݂݇ĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௫ ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϰϲ
ϭϰϰ͘ĂͿĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐĞƐƐĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂƉŽƌ݀͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܲᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݀ܲሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ͳͲሺെͲǡͲͳ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ሻ ൌ ͳͲ݀݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ฻
฻ െͲǡͳ ൌ ͳͲ݀ ฻ ݀ ൌ െͲǡͲͳ͘

ϭϰϱ͘ĂͿ݊ĠĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌƵŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ݊ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௧ ͘
ͳ ͳ ݁ ௞௧ାଶǡଵ௞ ͳ
݊ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ʹǡͳሻ ൌ ݊ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ܿ݁ ௞௧ାଶǡଵ௞ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௧ ฻ ด ൌ ฻
ʹ ʹ ௖ஷ଴
݁ ௞௧ ʹ
ଵ
฻ ݁ ଶǡଵ௞ ൌ ฻ ʹǡͳ݇ ൌ െ ሺʹሻ ฻
ଶ
୪୬ሺଶሻ
฻݇ൌ െ ଶǡଵ
ౢ౤ሺమሻ
ି ௧
ďͿ݊ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ మǡభ ͖ܿ ൌ ݊ሺͲሻ
ଵ
^ĞũĂܶŽƚĞŵƉŽ͕ĞŵŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͕ŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƉĂƌĂƋƵĞƐĞĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĞ଼ĚĂƋƵĂŶƚŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĄƚŽŵŽƐ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
͹ ି
୪୬ሺଶሻ
௧ ͹
݊ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ܶሻ ൌ ܿ ฻ ܿ݁ ଶǡଵ ൌ ܿ ฻
ͺ ͺ
ሺʹሻ ͹
฻െ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ൬ ൰ ฻
ʹǡͳ ͺ
ళ
ିଶǡଵ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
฻‫ݐ‬ൌ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
ఴ

dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͲǡͶ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƐ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ʹͶ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϴ
ϭϰϲ݂͘ĠĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌƵŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௧ ͕ܿ ൌ ݂ሺͲሻ͘

dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹܿ͘
݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹܿ ฻ ܿ݁ ଶ௞ ൌ ʹܿ ฻
฻ ݁ ଶ௞ ൌ ʹ ฻
୪୬ሺଶሻ
฻ ݇ ൌ ଶ
ౢ౤ሺమሻ
௧
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ మ ͘
୪୬ሺଶሻ
݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ܿ ฻ ܿ݁ ଶ ௧ ൌ ͵ܿ ฻
୪୬ሺଶሻ
฻ ݁ ଶ ௧ ൌ ͵ ฻
ሺʹሻ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ሺ͵ሻ ฻
ʹ
ଶ ୪୬ሺଷሻ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͵ǡͳ͸ͻͻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƐ͕ƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕͵ͳͲ͘


ϭϰϳ͘ĂͿܶሺͲሻ ൌ ʹͳ ൅ ͸ͷ݁ ି଴ǡଵ଺ൈ଴ ൌ ʹͳ ൅ ͸ͷ ൌ ͺ͸Ԩ
మర
ଶସ ଶସ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
ି଴ǡଵ଺௧ ି଴ǡଵ଺௧
ďͿܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൑ Ͷͷ ฻ ʹͳ ൅ ͸ͷ݁ ൑ Ͷͷ ฻ ݁ ൑ ฻ െͲǡͳ͸‫ ݐ‬൑ ቀ ቁ ฻‫ݐ‬൒െ లఱ

଺ହ ଺ହ ଴ǡଵ଺
మర
୪୬ቀ ቁ
dĞŵͲƐĞെ లఱ
ൎ ͸ǡʹʹ͹͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƌĄŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽĂŐƵĂƌĚĂƌ͕ƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕
଴ǡଵ଺
͹ŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϵ
ϭϰϴ͘ĂͿ^ĞũĂ݄ŽƚĞŵƉŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂďĂŝǆĞʹŐƌĂƵƐĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ‫͘ݐ‬
ܶሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ݄ሻ ൌ ܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ʹ ฻ ͳͺ ൅ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶሺ௧ା௛ሻ ൌ ͳͺ ൅ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ െ ʹ ฻
฻ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶሺ௧ା௛ሻ ൌ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ െ ʹ ฻ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶሺ௧ା௛ሻ െ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ ൌ െʹ ฻
௘ బǡభమ೟ ௘ బǡభమ೟
฻ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ ሾ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௛ െ ͳሿ ൌ െʹ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௛ ൌ ͳ െ ฻ െͲǡͳʹ݄ ൌ ቀͳ െ ቁ
ଷ଺ ଷ଺
೐బǡభమ೟
୪୬൬ଵି ൰
యల
฻݄ൌെ ଴ǡଵଶ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݄ŶĆŽĠĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͺ ൅ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ ฻ t (T ) =

ln T − 18
T − 20
͘
( )
0,12
ƐƐŝŵ͕ƉĂƌĂĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂƉĂƐƐĂƌ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĚĞϳϬΣƉĂƌĂϲϴΣƐĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƐ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕
ϮϬƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐ͕ŵĂƐƉĂƌĂĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂƉĂƐƐĂƌ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĚĞϯϬΣƉĂƌĂϮϴΣƐĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƐ͕
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ϵϭƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐ͘
ďͿ^ĞũĂܶ௔ ĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĂŵďŝĞŶƚĞ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞܶ௔ ൌ ௧ืାஶ ܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ௧ืାஶ ሺͳͺ ൅ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ ሻ ൌ ͳͺԨ

் ᇲ ሺ௧ሻ
hŵĂŝŐƵĂůĚĂĚĞƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌĂƌĞůĂĕĆŽĚĞƉƌŽƉŽƌĐŝŽŶĂůŝĚĂĚĞĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚĂĠଵ଼ି்ሺ௧ሻ ൌ ‫ א ܭ͕ܭ‬Թ
ܶ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳͺ ൅ ͹ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ͹ʹሺ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ͹ʹ ൈ ሺെͲǡͳʹሻ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧ ൌ െͺǡ͸Ͷ݁ ି଴ǡଵଶ௧
் ᇲ ሺ௧ሻ ି଼ǡ଺ସ௘ షబǡభమ೟ ି଼ǡ଺ସ௘ షబǡభమ೟ ି଼ǡ଺ସ
ൌ ଵ଼ିሺଵ଼ା଻ଶ௘ షబǡభమ೟ ሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͳǡͳʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ͲǡͳʹĠĂĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĚĞ
ଵ଼ି்ሺ௧ሻ ି଻ଶ௘ షబǡభమ೟ ି଻ଶ
ƉƌŽƉŽƌĐŝŽŶĂůŝĚĂĚĞ͘

ϭϰϵ͘^ĞũĂܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞĚĄĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂ͕͕ܶĞŵĐĂĚĂŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ‫͘ݐ‬
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භܶ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ሾܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ʹͲሿ භܶሺͲሻ ൌ ͻͲ භܶሺͷሻ ൌ ͶͲ
^ĞũĂ݂ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ʹͲ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ʹͲሻᇱ ൌ ܶ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ሾܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ʹͲሿ ൌ ݂݇ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௧ ͘
භ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ܶሺͲሻ െ ʹͲ ൌ ͹Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܿ݁ ௞ൈ଴ ൌ ܿ ൌ ͹Ͳ͘
మ
ଶ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
භ݂ሺͷሻ ൌ ܶሺͷሻ െ ʹͲ ൌ ʹͲ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͹Ͳ݁ ହ௞ ൌ ʹͲ ฻ ͷ݇ ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ݇ ൌ ళ
͘
଻ ହ
మ మ
ౢ౤ቀ ቁ ౢ౤ቀ ቁ
ళ ௧ ళ ௧
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͹Ͳ݁ ఱ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͲ ൅ ͹Ͳ݁ ఱ ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϱϭ
ଶ଴
ϭϱϬ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞܰሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܰሺͲǡͷሻ ൌ ͳǡʹͷ ൈ ͷ ൌ ͸ǡʹͷ͘
ଵାଷൈ௘ బ
ଶ଴ ଵଵ ଵଵ
ܰሺͲǡͷሻ ൌ ͸ǡʹͷ ฻ ൌ ͸ǡʹͷ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௞ ൌ ฻ ݇ ൌ െʹ ቀ ቁ
ଵାଷ௘ షబǡఱೖ ଵହ ଵହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݇ ൎ Ͳǡ͸ʹ͘
ᇱ ᇲ
ଶ଴ ିଶ଴൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ଺଴௞௘ షೖ೟
ďͿܰ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ మ ൌ మ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ∀t ≥ 0, M ′(t ) > 0 ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞ
ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯
ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽEĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘
ƐƚƵĚĞŵŽƐĂǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĚŽĐƌĞƐĐŝŵĞŶƚŽ͗
ᇱ ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ
଺଴௞௘ షೖ೟ ௘ షೖ೟ ൫௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ି௘ షೖ೟ ቂ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ቃ
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ܰ ൌ൤ మ ൨ ൌ ͸Ͳ݇ ൤ మ ൨ ൌ ͸Ͳ݇ ൈ ర ൌ
൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯

మ ᇲ
ି௞௘ షೖ೟ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ି௘ షೖ೟ ቂଶ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ቃ ି௞൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ିൣଶ൫ିଷ௞௘ షೖ೟ ൯൧
ൌ ͸Ͳ݇ ൈ ర ൌ ͸Ͳ݇݁ ି௞௧ ൈ య ൌ
൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯

ି௞ିଷ௞௘ షೖ೟ ା଺௞௘ షೖ೟ ି௞ାଷ௞௘ షೖ೟ ିଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟
ൌ ͸Ͳ݇݁ ି௞௧ ൈ య ൌ ͸Ͳ݇݁ ି௞௧ ൈ య ൌ ͸Ͳ݇ ଶ ݁ ି௞௧ ൈ య
൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯ ൫ଵାଷ௘ షೖ೟ ൯
ଷ
ܰ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͸Ͳ݇ ଶ ݁ ି௞௧ ൫െͳ ൅ ͵݁ ି௞௧ ൯ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬൫ͳ ൅ ͵݁ ି௞௧ ൯ ് Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬ே ฻
୪୬ሺଷሻ
฻ െͳ ൅ ͵݁ ି௞௧ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬ே ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ௞

ln(3)
KĐƌĞƐĐŝŵĞŶƚŽĐŽŵĞĕĂĂĚŝŵŝŶƵŝƌƋƵĂŶĚŽ t = ;ĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
k
ĚĞEͿ͘
୪୬ሺଷሻ ଶ଴ ଶ଴ ଶ଴
ܰቀ ቁ ൌ ౢ౤ሺయሻ ൌ ൌ భ ൌ ͳͲ͕ƉĞůŽƋ͕ŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͕ĂƉŽƉƵůĂĕĆŽƚĞŵϭϬϬϬϬ
௞ షೖ ଵାଷ௘ ష ౢ౤ሺయሻ ଵାଷൈ
ଵାଷ௘ ೖ య
ŝŶĚŝǀşĚƵŽƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϱϮ
వ
ଵ ଽ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
ϭϱϭ͘ĂͿܲሺͷሻ ൌ ʹͲ ฻ ʹͲͲ൫ͳ െ ݁ ିହ௕ ൯ ൌ ʹͲ ฻ ͳ െ ݁ ିହ௕ ൌ ฻ ݁ ିହ௕ ൌ ฻ ܾ ൌ െ భబ

ଵ଴ ଵ଴ ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൎ ͲǡͲʹͳ͘
ďͿܲሺͳͲሻ ൌ ʹͲͲሺͳ െ ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶଵൈଵ଴ ሻ ൌ ʹͲͲሺͳ െ ݁ ି଴ǡଶଵ ሻ ൎ ͵͹ǡͺͺ͖ĚĞǀĞƌĄĚĞĐŽƌĂƌ͵ͺƉĂůĂǀƌĂƐ͘


భ
ଽ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
ĐͿܲሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͺͲ ฻ ͳ െ ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶଵ௧ ൌ ฻‫ݐ‬ భబ
ൌ െ ଴ǡ଴ଶଵ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͳͲͻǡ͸ͷ
ଵ଴
୪୬ሺ଴ǡଶሻ
ʹͲͲ൫ͳ െ ݁ ିଵ଴ଽǡ଺ହ௕ ൯ ൌ ͳ͸Ͳ ฻ ݁ ିଵ଴ଽǡ଺ହ௕
ൌ Ͳǡʹ ฻ ܾ ൌ െ ଵ଴ଽǡ଺ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൎ ͲǡͲͳͷ͘

ϭϱϮ͘ĂͿͳͲ ሺͳͲଵଶ ‫ܫ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͲሾሺͳͲଵଶ ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻሿ ൌ ͳͲሾͳʹ ൅ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻሿ ൌ ͳʹͲ ൅ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻ
ďͿ^ĞũĂ‫ܫ‬ଶ ൌ ͷͲ‫ܫ‬ଵ͘
ܰሺ‫ܫ‬ଶ ሻ െ ܰሺ‫ܫ‬ଵ ሻ ൌ ͳʹͲ ൅ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ଶ ሻ െ ሾͳʹͲ ൅ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ଵ ሻሿ ൌ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ଶ ሻ െ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ଵ ሻ ൌ
ூ ହ଴ூ
ൌ ͳͲሾሺ‫ܫ‬ଶ ሻ െ ሺ‫ܫ‬ଵ ሻሿ ൌ ͳͲ ቀ మ ቁ ൌ ͳͲ ቀ భ ቁ ൌ ͳͲ ሺͷͲሻ ൎ ͳ͹
ூభ ூభ
ଵ ଵ଴
ĐͿܰ ᇱ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻ ൌ ሾͳʹͲ ൅ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ͳͲሾሺ‫ܫ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ͳͲ ൈ ൌ
ூ ூ
ଵ଴ ᇱ ଵ଴
ܰ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ
ூ ூమ
భబ
ே ᇲ ሺூሻ ଵ଴ ଵ଴ ଵ଴
ܰ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻ ൌ െ ฻െ ൌെ ಺
฻ ൌ
ூ ூమ ூ ூమ ூమ
ಿ
ே
ĚͿܰ ൌ ͳʹͲ ൅ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻ ฻ ͳͲ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻ ൌ ܰ െ ͳʹͲ ฻ ሺ‫ܫ‬ሻ ൌ െ ͳʹ ฻ ‫ ܫ‬ൌ ͳͲభబିଵଶ
ଵ଴

WĄŐ͘ϭϱϯ
భ భ
ష ሺ೟శమవሻ ష ೟షభ
ଵ ௠ሺ௧ାଶଽሻ ଵ ௠೚ ଶ మవ ଵ ଶ మవ ଵ ଵ
ϭϱϯ͘ĂͿ݉ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ʹͻሻ ൌ ݉ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ൌ ฻ భ ൌ ฻ భ ൌ ฻ ʹିଵ ൌ
ଶ ௠ሺ௧ሻ ଶ ష ೟ ଶ ష ೟ ଶ ଶ
௠೚ ଶ మవ ଶ మవ
ଵ
݉ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ʹͻሻ ൌ ݉ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞĂƐĞŵŝǀŝĚĂĚŽĞƐƚƌƀŶĐŝŽͲϵϬĠϮϵĂŶŽƐ͘
ଶ
భ ᇱ భ
௠
ďͿ݉ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ݉௢ ʹିమవ௧ ቁ ൌ െ ೚ ʹିమవ௧
ଶଽ
భ ᇱ భ ᇱ భ
௠ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ௠ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ௠ ୪୬మ ሺଶሻ
݉ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀെ ೚ଶଽ ʹିమవ௧ ቁ ൌ െ ೚ଶଽ ቀʹିమవ௧ ቁ ൌ ೚ଶଽమ ʹିమవ௧ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ∀t ≥ 0, m′′(t ) > 0 ͕ĚĞ
ŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞĂƚĂǆĂĚĞĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂĕĆŽĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞ͕ĂƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽĂƋƵĞĂƚĂǆĂĚĞĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂĕĆŽĠ
ŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͕ŝƐƐŽƐĞƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞĂĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂĕĆŽƐĞǀĂŝĨĂǌĞŶĚŽĚĞŵŽĚŽŵĂŝƐůĞŶƚŽ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϱϴ
§ 1 ·e x = e x − e x = 0
1 1 1 1 1
2 2
ϭϱϰ͘ f ( x) + x f ′( x) = e x + x ¨ − ¸ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ e x ĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽ
© x2 ¹
ĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ͘

ఱ ఱ
ϭϱϱ͘ĂͿ‫ܯ‬ሺͷሻ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ ฻ ‫ ܣ‬ൈ ݁ ିమఱ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ ฻ ‫ ܣ‬ൌ Ͳǡ͵ ൈ ݁ మఱ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ‫ ܣ‬ൎ Ͳǡ͵͸͸͘
బ
‫ܯ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ൈ ݁ ିమఱ ൌ ‫͕ܣ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂŵĂƐƐĂŝŶŝĐŝĂůĠ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕͵͸͸͘
೟ ೟
ଶ ଶ ௧ ଶ
ďͿ‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ଷ ൈ Ͳǡ͵͸͸ ฻ Ͳǡ͵͸͸ ൈ ݁ ିమఱ ൌ ͲǡʹͶͶ ฻ ݁ ିమఱ ൌ ଷ ฻ െ ଶହ ൌ ቀଶቁ ฻
ଶ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െʹͷ ቀ ቁ
ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͳͲǡͳͶ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƐƉŽƐƚĂĠ͗ͳͲͳͶĂŶŽƐ͘


ϭϱϲ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݉ሺͲሻ ൌ ͷͲ͕݉ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͷͻǡͻ͹ͺͷĞ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞ݉ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇Ǥ ݉ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ͕݉ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௧
ŶƚĆŽ͗
݉ሺͲሻ ൌ ͷͲ ܿ݁ ௞ൈ଴ ൌ ͷͲ ܿ ൌ ͷͲ ܿ ൌ ͷͲ
൜ ฻ ൜ ௞ൈଵ ฻൜ ฻൜ ௞ ฻
݉ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͷͻǡͻ͹ͺͷ ܿ݁ ൌ Ͷͻǡͻ͹ͺͷ ͷͲ݁ ௞ ൌ Ͷͻǡͻ͹ͺͷ ݁ ൌ Ͳǡͻͻͻͷ͹
ܿ ൌ ͷͲ
฻൜ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݉ሺʹሻ ൌ ͷͲ ൈ ݁ ୪୬ሺ଴ǡଽଽଽହ଻ሻൈଶ ൌ ͷͲ ൈ Ͳǡͻͻͻͷ͹ଶ ൎ Ͷͻǡͻͷ͹͘
݇ ൌ ሺͲǡͻͻͻͷ͹ሻ
ଵ ଵ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݉ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͷ ฻ ͷͲ݁ ୪୬ሺ଴ǡଽଽଽହ଻ሻ௧ ൌ ʹͷ ฻ Ͳǡͻͻͻͷ͹௧ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ଴ǡଽଽଽହ଻
ଶ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͳ͸ͳʹĂŶŽƐ͘

ϭϱϳ͘^ĞũĂܲĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĞĚĄĂƉŽƉƵůĂĕĆŽŶĞƐƐĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ;ĞŵŵŝůŚƁĞƐͿĞŵĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞ‫͘ݐ‬
ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞܲሺͲሻ ൌ ͶͲ͕ܲሺͳͷሻ ൌ ͷ͸Ğ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞܲᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇Ǥ ܲሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ͕ܲሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿ݁ ௞௧

ܲሺͲሻ ൌ ͶͲ ௞ൈ଴ ܿ ൌ ͶͲ ܿ ൌ ͶͲ ܿ ൌ ͶͲ
൜ ฻ ൜ܿ݁ ௞ൈଵହൌ ͶͲ ฻ ቄ ฻ ൜ ฻ ቊ ୪୬ሺଵǡସሻ
ܲሺͳͷሻ ൌ ͷ͸ ܿ݁ ൌ ͷ͸ ͶͲ݁ ଵହ௞ ൌ ͷ͸ ͳͷ݇ ൌ ሺͳǡͶሻ ݇ ൌ ଵହ
ౢ౤ሺభǡరሻ
௧
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܲሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͶͲ݁ భఱ ͘
ౢ౤ሺభǡరሻ ర ౢ౤ሺభǡరሻ
ൈଶ଴
ďͿܲሺʹͲሻ ൌ ͶͲ݁ భఱ ൌ ͶͲ݁ య ൎ ͸͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƐƉŽƐƚĂĠ͸͵ŵŝůŚƁĞƐĚĞĂŶŽƐ͘
ౢ౤ሺభǡరሻ ౢ౤ሺభǡరሻ
௧ ௧ ୪୬ሺଵǡସሻ ଵହ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞܲሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͺͲ ฻ ͶͲ݁ భఱ ൌ ͺͲ ฻ ݁ భఱ ൌʹ฻ ଵହ
‫ݐ‬ ൌ ሺʹሻ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ୪୬ሺଵǡସሻ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͵ͲǡͻĂŶŽƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƚĂůĚĞǀĞƌĄŽĐŽƌƌĞƌĞŵϮϬϯϭ͘

ϭϱϴ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞ‫ܥ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܽ ൅ ܾ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ସ௧ ͕Ğ௧ืାஶ ‫ܥ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ܽĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĂŵďŝĞŶƚĞ͕ĞŵŐƌĂƵƐ
ĞůƐŝƵƐ͕ĠŝŐƵĂůĂܽ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܥ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͹ͷĞ‫ܥ‬ሺͳͷሻ ൌ ͷͲ͘
‫ܥ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͹ͷ ି଴ǡ଴ସൈ଴ ܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ ͹ͷ
൜ ฻ ൜ܽ ൅ ܾ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ସൈଵହൌ ͹ͷ ฻ ቄ
‫ܥ‬ሺͳͷሻ ൌ ͷͲ ܽ ൅ ܾ݁ ൌ ͷͲ ܽ ൅ ܾ݁ ି଴ǡ଺ ൌ ͷͲ
ܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ ͹ͷ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݁ ି଴ǡ଺ ൎ ͲǡͷͶͻ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƌĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ൜
ܽ ൅ ͲǡͷͶͻܾ ൌ ͷͲ
ܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ ͹ͷ ܾ ൌ ͹ͷ െ ܽ ܾ ൌ ͹ͷ െ ܽ
KƌĂ͕൜ ฻൜ ฻ ቊ ܽ ൌ ଼ǡ଼ଶହ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܽ ൎ ͳͻǡ͸Ԩ͘
ܽ ൅ ͲǡͷͶͻܾ ൌ ͷͲ ܽ ൅ ͲǡͷͶͻሺ͹ͷ െ ܽሻ ൌ ͷͲ ଴ǡସହଵ

ϭϱϵ͘^ĞũĂ‫ݐ‬଴ ŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĞŵƋƵĞŽĐĂĨĠĞƐƚĂǀĂăƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚĞͺͲԨ͘
‫ܥ‬ሺ‫ ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͺͲ ି௞௧బ
ൌ ͺͲ ฻ ܾ݁ ି௞௧బ ൌ ͷͷ ฻ ܾ݁ ି௞௧బ ൌ ͷͷ ฻
൜ ଴ ฻ ൜ʹͷ ൅ ܾ݁ ି௞ሺ௧ ାହሻ ൜ ି௞௧బ ିହ௞ ൜ ି௞௧బ ିହ௞
‫ܥ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬଴ ൅ ͷሻ ൌ ͷͲ ʹͷ ൅ ܾ݁ బ ൌ ͷͲ ܾ݁ ൌ ʹͷ ܾ݁ ݁ ൌ ʹͷ
ି௞௧బ ି௞௧బ
ି௞௧బ ܾ݁ ൌ ͷͷ ܾ݁ ൌ ͷͷ
฻ ൜ܾ݁ ିହ௞ ൌ ͷͷ ฻ ቊ ହ ฻ቊ ଵ ହ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݇ ൎ Ͳǡͳͷͺ͘
ͷͷ݁ ൌ ʹͷ െͷ݇ ൌ ቀ ቁ ݇ ൌ െ ቀ ቁ
ଵଵ ହ ଵଵ


WĄŐ͘ϭϱϵ
ϭϲϬ͘^ĞũĂܶĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĞĚĄĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂ͕ĞŵŐƌĂƵƐĞůƐŝƵƐ͕ĚŽďŽůŽ͕ĞŵĨƵŶĕĆŽĚŽƚĞŵƉŽ‫͕ݐ‬Ğŵ
ŚŽƌĂƐ͕ĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĞŵƋƵĞŽďŽůŽĨŽŝĐŽůŽĐĂĚŽŶŽĨŽƌŶŽ͘
ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹʹͲ ൅ ܾ݁ ି௞௧ ͘

ܶሺͲሻ ൌ ʹͲ ʹʹͲ ൅ ܾ݁ ି௞ൈ଴ ൌ ʹͲ ܾ ൌ െʹͲͲ ܾ ൌ െʹͲͲ
ቊ ଵ ฻ቊ ೖ ฻ ൜ ೖ ฻ ቊ ି
ೖ
ଵ ฻
ܶ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳʹͲ ʹʹͲ ൅ ܾ݁ ି
ర ൌ ͳʹͲ െʹͲͲ݁ ି
ర ൌ െͳͲͲ ݁ ర ൌ
ସ ଶ
ܾ ൌ െʹͲͲ
฻ቊ ଵ
݇ ൌ െͶ ቀ ቁ ଶ
భ
ସ ୪୬ቀ ቁ௧
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹʹͲ െ ʹͲͲ݁ మ Ğ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ
భ భ
ଵ ସ ୪୬ቀ ቁൈ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ܶቀ ቁ ൌ ʹʹͲ െ ʹͲͲ݁ మ మ ൌ ͮͶ ቀ ቁ ൈ ൌ ʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ
భ
୪୬ቀ ቁ ଵ
ൌ ʹʹͲ െ ʹͲͲ݁ ర ൌ ʹʹͲ െ ʹͲͲ ൈ ൌ ʹʹͲ െ ͷͲ ൌ ͳ͹Ͳ
ସ
భ భ భ
ସ ୪୬ቀ ቁ௧ ସ ୪୬ቀ ቁ௧ ଵ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͲͲ ฻ ʹʹͲ െ ʹͲͲ݁ మ ൌ ʹͲͲ ฻ ݁ మ ൌ ฻‫ݐ‬ൌ భబ
భ
ଵ଴ ସ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ Ͳǡͺ͵ŚŽƌĂƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ĐĞƌĐĂĚĞͷͲŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘

ଶ଴
݃ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹͲ ௞ൈ଴ାଵ ܽ݁ ൌ ʹͲ ܽ ൌ
ϭϲϭ͘ĂͿ൜ ฻ ൜ܽ ൈ ݁ ௞ൈଶାଵ ൌ ʹͲ ฻ ቄ ଶ௞ାଵ ฻ ቐଶ଴ ௘ ฻
݃ሺʹሻ ൌ ͳͶ ܽൈ݁ ൌ ͳͶ ܽ݁ ൌ ͳͶ ݁ ଶ௞ାଵ ൌ ͳͶ
௘
ଶ଴ ଶ଴
ܽ ൌ ܽൌ
௘ ௘
฻ ቐ ଵସ ฻൝
ଶ௞
݁ ൌ ݇ ൌ ൫ξͲǡ͹൯
ଶ଴
ďͿ݃ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ݃ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ܽ ൈ ݁ ௞ሺ௧ାଶሻାଵ ൌ Ͳǡͷܽ ൈ ݁ ௞௧ାଵ ฻

ด ݁ ௞௧ାଶ௞ାଵ ൌ Ͳǡͷ݁ ௞௧ାଵ ฻
ሺ௔ஷ଴ሻ
௘ ೖ೟శమೖశభ ଵ
฻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ݁ ଶ௞ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ฻ ݇ ൌ ሺͲǡͷሻ ฻ ݇ ൌ ቀඥͲǡͷቁ
௘ ೖ೟శభ ଶ

ϭϲϮ͘ĂͿƋƵĂŶƚŝĚĂĚĞĚĞĂĕƷĐĂƌŶŽƌĞĐŝƉŝĞŶƚĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ‫ܯ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͷͲ͘
ŵĂƐƐĂĚĞĂĕƷĐĂƌŶĆŽĚŝƐƐŽůǀŝĚŽĂŽĨŝŵĚĞŵĞŝĂŚŽƌĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ‫ܯ‬ሺ͵Ͳሻ ൌ ͷͲ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶൈଷ଴ ൌ
ൌ ͷͲ݁ ି଴ǡ଺ ൎ ʹ͹ǡͶͶͳ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂŵĂƐƐĂĚĞĂĕƷĐĂƌĚŝƐƐŽůǀŝĚŽĂŽĨŝŵĚĞŵĞŝĂŚŽƌĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂͷͲ െ ʹ͹ǡͶͶͳ ൎ ʹʹǡͷͷͻ͘
ďͿ‫ܯ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͷͲ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ͷͲ ൈ ሺെͲǡͲʹሻ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧ ൌ െ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧

ெ ᇲ ሺ௧ሻ ௘ షబǡబమ೟ ଵ
ெሺ௧ሻ
ൌ െ ହ଴௘ షబǡబమ೟ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܯ‬ᇱ ĠĚŝƌĞƚĂŵĞŶƚĞƉƌŽƉŽƌĐŝŽŶĂůĂ‫͘ܯ‬
ହ଴
ĐϭͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ሺ‫ ݐ׊‬൒ Ͳǡ ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧ ൐ Ͳሻ ฺ ሺ‫ ݐ׊‬൒ Ͳǡ ͵ͷ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧ ൐ Ͳሻ ฺ ሺ‫ ݐ׊‬൒ Ͳǡ ͵ͷ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧ ൅ ͳͲ ൐ ͳͲሻ͕
ŽƋƵĞƉƌŽǀĂŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚŝĚŽ͘
ĐϮͿ‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ܯ‬ଵ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ͷͲ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧ ൌ ͵ͷ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ൅ ͳͲ ฻ ͷͲ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଶ௧ െ ͵ͷ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ െ ͳͲ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ด
௫ୀ௘ షబǡబభ೟
ଷହേξଷଶଶହ ଷହାξଷଶଶହ ଷହାହ଺ǡ଻଼ଽ
฻ ͷͲ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͲ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻
ด‫ݔ‬ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݔ‬ ൎ ൌ Ͳǡͻͳͺ͘
ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴
௫வ଴
‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳǡͻͳͺ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ൌ Ͳǡͻͳͺ ฻ െͲǡͲͳ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ሺͲǡͻͳͺሻ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െͳͲͲ ሺͲǡͻͳͺሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͺǡͷ͸͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͺ͵Ͷ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϲϬ
ଵ
ϭϲϯ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݉ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹĞ݉ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ͘
ଷ
݉ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ܽ݁ ି଴ ൌ ʹ ฻ ܽ ൌ ʹ
ೖ
ଵ ௞ ଵ
݉ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ݁ ିయ ൌ ͳ ฻ െ ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ݇ ൌ ͵ ሺʹሻ
ଷ ଷ ଶ
ିଷ௧
ďͿʹ݁ ିଷ ୪୬ሺଶሻ௧ ൌ ʹ൫݁ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ൯ ൌ ʹ ൈ ʹିଷ௧ ൌ ʹିଷ௧ାଵ
ଵି୪୭୥ ሺିଷ௧ାଵሻ
ĐͿʹିଷ௧ାଵ ൌ Ͳǡʹ ฻ െ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳ ൌ ଶ ሺെ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ͳሻ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ మ
ଷ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͳǡͳ݄͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͳŚŽƌĂĞ͸ŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘

ϭϲϰܿ͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ൅ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሺ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ି ݁ݐ‬଴ǡ଼௧ െ Ͳǡͺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ൌ
ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݐ‬െ Ͳǡͺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧
ܿ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ ݐ‬െ Ͳǡͺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݐ‬െ Ͳǡͺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ ʹǡͷ

KŵŽŵĞŶƚŽŝĚĞĂůƉĂƌĂƚŽŵĂƌŽŵĞĚŝĐĂŵĞŶƚŽĠ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ʹǡͷŚŽƌĂƐĂŶƚĞƐĚĂƐͳͺŚŽƌĂƐĞͳͲŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͕
ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ăƐͳͷŚŽƌĂƐĞͶͲŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘

௘೟ ଵ ଵ ଵȀଶ ଵ ଵ
ϭϲϱ͘ ൌ భ ൌ ൌ భ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܽ ൌ ͕ܾ ൌ ͳĞܿ ൌ ͘
ଵାଶ௘ ೟ ାଶ ଶା௘ ష೟ ଵା ௘ ష೟ ଶ ଶ
೐೟ మ

௔
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͲǡͲͶ బ ൌ ͲǡͲͶ ܽ ൌ ͲǡͲͶሺͳ ൅ ܾሻ
ϭϲϲ͘൜ ฻ ൝ଵା௕௘௔ ฻൜ ฻
݂ሺͻ͸ሻ ൌ ͷ షమఴǡఴ ൌ ͷ
ͲǡͲͶሺͳ ൅ ܾሻ ൌ ͷሺͳ ൅ ݁ ିଶ଼ǡ଼ ܾሻ
ଵା௕௘
ܽ ൌ ͲǡͲͶሺͳ ൅ ܾሻ ܽ ൌ ͲǡͲͶሺͳ ൅ ܾሻ ܽ ൌ ͲǡͲͶሺͳ ൅ ܾሻ
฻൜ ฻ ൜ ିଶ଼ǡ଼ ฻ ቊ ସǡଽ଺
ͲǡͲͶ ൅ ͲǡͲͶܾ ൌ ͷ ൅ ͷ݁ ିଶ଼ǡ଼ ܾ ܾሺͲǡͲͶ െ ͷ݁ ሻ ൌ ͷ െ ͲǡͲͶ ܾൌ
଴ǡ଴ସିହ௘ షమఴǡఴ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൎ ͳʹͶĞܽ ൎ ͷ͘

ସ଴ ସ଴ ଵ ଷ଴ ଷ଴
ϭϲϳ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܣ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ బ ൌ ൌ ͳ͵ Ğ‫ܤ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ బ ൌ ൌ ͳͷ͖ĨŽŝĂŶŽǀĞůĂ͘
ଵାଶൈ௘ ଷ ଷ ଵା௘ ଶ
ସ଴ ଷ଴ ଵ
ďͿଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൐ ଵା௘ షబǡభ೟ ฻ ͶͲ ൅ ͶͲ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൐ ͵Ͳ ൅ ͸Ͳ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ฻ ͳͲ ൐ ʹͲ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൏ ଶ ฻
ଵ
฻ െͲǡͳ‫ ݐ‬൏ ቀ ቁ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬൐ ͳͲ ሺʹሻ
ଶ
ŽŵŽͳͲ ሺʹሻ ൎ ͸ǡͻĞĐŽŵŽ͸ǡͻƐĞŵĂŶĂƐƐĆŽĐĞƌĐĂĚĞ͸ƐĞŵĂŶĂƐĞ͸ǡ͵ĚŝĂƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕Ͷͺǡ͵ĚŝĂƐ͕ĨŽŝĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚŽĚŝĂϭϴĚĞŶŽǀĞŵďƌŽ͘


ସ଴ ସ଴ ଵ
ĐͿ ൐ ͵ͷ ฻ ͳ ൅ ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൏ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൏ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬൐ ͳͲ ሺͳͶሻ
ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ଷହ ଵସ
ŽŵŽͳͲ ሺͳͶሻ ൎ ʹ͸ǡ͵ͻ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞ͕ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞĐĞƌĐĂĚĞʹ͸ƐĞŵĂŶĂƐĞŵĞŝĂ͕ĂŶŽǀĞůĂƵůƚƌĂƉĂƐƐĂ
ŽƐϯϱϬϬϬĞƐƉĞƚĂĚŽƌĞƐĚŝĄƌŝŽƐ͘
ଷ଴ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ଷ଴ ଵ
షబǡభ೟ ൐ ͵ͷ ฻ ͳ ൅ ݁ ൏ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൏ െ ͕ŽƋƵĞĠŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞů͘
ଵା௘ ଷହ ଻
ᇱ ᇲ
ସ଴ ିସ଴൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ିସ଴൫ଶൈሺି଴ǡଵሻ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ଼௘ షబǡభ೟
ĚͿ‫ܣ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻమ
ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻమ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻమ
ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ
଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൫଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ൈ൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ି଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൈቂ൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ቃ
‫ܣ‬ ൌ ቂሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻమ ቃ ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻర
ൌ
మ ᇲ
ି଴ǡ଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ି଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ቂଶ൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ቃ
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻర
ൌ
షబǡభ೟ షబǡభ೟ మ
ି଴ǡ଼௘ ൫ଵାଶ௘ ൯ ି଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൈଶ൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯൫ି଴ǡଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ ି଴ǡ଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൫ଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯ି଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൈଶ൫ି଴ǡଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ൯
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻర
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻయ
ൌ
ି଴ǡ଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ିଵǡ଺௘ షబǡమ೟ ାଷǡଶ௘ షబǡమ೟ ି଴ǡ଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ାଵǡ଺௘ షబǡమ೟ ି଴ǡ଼௘ షబǡభ೟ ൫ଵିଶ௘ షబǡమ೟ ൯
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻ య ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻయ
ൌ ሺଵାଶ௘ షబǡభ೟ ሻయ

ି଴ǡଵ௧ ି଴ǡଶ௧
െͲǡͺ݁ ൅ ͳǡ͸݁
‫ܣ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െͲǡͺ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൅ ͳǡ͸݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬൅ ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ് Ͳ ฻
ሺͳ ൅ ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ሻଷ
ଵ
฻ െͲǡͺ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ሺͳ െ ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳͲ ሺʹሻ
ଶ

ŽŵŽͳͲ ሺʹሻ ൎ ͸ǡͻ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞĨŽŝŶŽĨŝŶĂůĚĂƐĠƚŝŵĂƐĞŵĂŶĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϭ
଺଴ ଺ ଵ ୪୬ሺ଻଴ሻ
ϭϲϴ͘ĂͿ ൌ ͷͲ ฻ ͳ ൅ ͳͶ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ൌ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ൌ ฻‫ݐ‬ൌ
ଵାଵସ௘ షబǡల೟ ହ ଻଴ ଴ǡ଺
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͹ǡͳŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
ďͿĂĚŽƋƵĞŝŶŝĐŝĂůŵĞŶƚĞĂƐĚƵĂƐƐŝƚƵĂĕƁĞƐĨŽƌĂŵƚĞƐƚĞŵƵŶŚĂĚĂƐƉĞůŽŵĞƐŵŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͕ƚĞŵ
଺଴ ଺଴
ĚĞƐĞƌ ൌ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܽ ൌ ͳͶ͘
ଵାଵସ ଵା௔
ĂĚŽƋƵĞĚĞĐŽƌƌŝĚŽŽŵĞƐŵŽƚĞŵƉŽŚŽƵǀĞƐĞŵƉƌĞŵĞŶŽƐƉĞƐƐŽĂƐĂƚĞƐƚĞŵƵŶŚĂƌĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽ͕
଺଴ ଺଴
ƚĞŵͲƐĞଵାଵସ௘ షబǡల೟ ൏ ଵାଵସ௘ ష್೟͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͳ ൅ ͳͶ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ͳ ൅ ͳͶ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ൐ ͳ ൅ ͳͶ݁ ି௕௧ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܾ ൏ Ͳǡ͸͕
ĐŽŵܾ ൐ Ͳ͘

ఴ೐బǡఱ೟
଼௘ బǡఱ೟ ೐బǡఱ೟ ଼
ϭϲϵ͘ĂͿ ൌ ೐బǡఱ೟
ൌ
ଵ଴ା௘ బǡఱ೟ భబ
ା ଵ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ାଵ
೐బǡఱ೟ ೐బǡఱ೟


−8 ×10 × (−0,5)e−0,5 t 40e−0,5 t ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ∀t ∈ D ,r ′(t ) > 0 ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞ
ďͿ r ′(t ) = = r
(1 + 10e−0,5 t )2 (1 + 10e−0,5 t )2
ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƌĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘
ŽŵŽ͕ƉĂƌĂĂůĠŵĚŝƐƚŽ͕ƐĞƚĞŵ௧ืାஶ ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͺĞ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൏ ͺǡ ‫ א ݐ׊‬Թା͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞŽŵĂŝŽƌ
ǀĂůŽƌĚĂƉĂƌƚĞŝŶƚĞŝƌĂĚĞ‫ݎ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻĠ͹͘
ᇱ మ
ସ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ൫ିଶ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ൯൫ଵାଵ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ൯ ି൫ସ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ൯൫ଵାଵ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ൯൫ିଵ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ൯
ĐͿ‫ ݎ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀሺଵାଵ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ሻమ ቁ ൌ ሾሺଵାଵ଴௘ షబǡఱ೟ ሻమ ሿమ
ൌ
ሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻሾሺെʹͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻሺͳ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻ ሺͶͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻሺെͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻሿ
൅ ͳͲ݁ െ
ൌ ൌ
ሾሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଶ ሿଶ
ሺെʹͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻ െ ሺͶͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻሺെͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻ
ൌ ൌ
ሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଷ
െʹͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ െ ʹͲͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଶ ൅ ͶͲͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଶ െʹͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ൅ ʹͲͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଶ
ൌ ൌ
ሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଷ ሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଷ
െʹͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ൅ ʹͲͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଶ

‫ ݎ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ֞ ൌ Ͳ ֞
ሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଷ
֞ െʹͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ൅ ʹͲͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଶ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଷ ് Ͳ ֞
ͳ
֞ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሺെʹͲ ൅ ʹͲͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ֞ ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ൌ ֞ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹ ሺͳͲሻ
ͳͲ
Ͳ ʹ ሺͳͲሻ ൅λ
ି଴ǡହ௧ ൅ ൅
݁
െʹͲ ൅ ʹͲͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ൅ Ͳ
ሺͳ ൅ ͳͲ݁ ି଴ǡହ௧ ሻଷ ൅ ൅
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ‫ ݎ‬ᇱᇱ ൅ Ͳ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ŵĄǆ͘
ĚĞ‫ ݎ‬ᇱ ĂďƐ͘

ŽŵŽʹ ሺͳͲሻ ൎ Ͷǡ͸͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƚĂǆĂĚĞǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĚĞ‫ݎ‬ƚŽŵĂŽŵĂŝŽƌǀĂůŽƌĂŽƐϰ͕ϲŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
଼
ĚͿ‫ݎ‬ሺʹͲሻ ൌ ൎ Ͷǡ͵ͻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞƌĞĂĕƁĞƐĐŽƌƌĞƚĂƐĠʹͲ͘
ଵ଴௘ షబǡఱൈఱ ାଵ

ଽǡଵାଷǡଶହ
ϭϳϬ͘ĂͿͲǡ͸͹ ሺ‫ܧ‬ሻ െ ͵ǡʹͷ ൌ ͻǡͳ ฻ ሺ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ଴ǡ଺଻ ฻ ሺ‫ܧ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͺǡͶ͵ʹͺ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܧ‬ൎ ʹǡ͹ ൈ ͳͲଵ଼͘
ďͿ‫ܯ‬ଶ ൌ ‫ܯ‬ଵ ൅ ͳ ฻ Ͳǡ͸͹ ሺ‫ܧ‬ଶ ሻ െ ͵ǡʹͷ ൌ Ͳǡ͸͹ ሺ‫ܧ‬ଵ ሻ െ ͵ǡʹͷ ൅ ͳ ฻

భ
ா ଵ ா
฻ Ͳǡ͸͹ሾሺ‫ܧ‬ଶ ሻ െ ሺ‫ܧ‬ଵ ሻሿ ൌ ͳ ฻ ቀாమ ቁ ൌ ଴ǡ଺଻ ฻ ாమ ൌ ͳͲబǡలళ
భ భ
1
ŽŵŽ 10 ≈ 31 ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĞŶĞƌŐŝĂůŝďĞƌƚĂĚĂŶƵŵƐŝƐŵŽĐŽŵŵĂŝƐƵŵŐƌĂƵĚĞ
0,67
ŵĂŐŶŝƚƵĚĞĚŽƋƵĞŽƵƚƌŽĠĐĞƌĐĂĚĞϯϭǀĞǌĞƐƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌ͘



WĄŐ͘ϭϲϮ
ϭϳϭ͘;Ϳ
‫ ܥ‬ൈ ͳǡͲʹͷ௡ ൐ ͳǡ͵‫ ܥ‬฻ ͳǡͲʹͷ௡ ൐ ͳǡ͵
භͳǡͲʹͷଵ଴ ൎ ͳǡʹͺ ൏ ͳǡ͵
භͳǡͲʹͷଵଵ ൎ ͳǡ͵ͳ ൐ ͳǡ͵

ϭϳϮ͘;Ϳ
ͳͲͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͳ଺ ൎ ͳ͹͹ͳǡͷ͸

ϭϳϯ͘;Ϳ
ଶ
௡ାଵ ଶ௡ା௞ ଵ ௡ ଵ ௞
ቀ ቁ ൌ ቂቀͳ ൅ ቁ ቃ ൈ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁ ଶ ൈ ͳ ൌ ݁ ଶ
௡ ௡ ௡

ϭϳϰ͘;Ϳ
ଶ ି௡
ቀʹ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹିஶ ൌ Ͳ
௡

ϭϳϱ͘;Ϳ
݄ሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻ ൌ ൅λƐĞĞƐſƐĞ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ͳŽƵ ‫ݑ‬௡ ൌ ݁ ା ͘
௡ାଵ ଶ
භ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳଶ ൌ ͳ
௡
௡ାଵ ௡ ଵ ௡
භ ቀ ௡ ቁ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ௡ቁ ൌ ݁ ି
ଵ
භ ቀ݁ ൅ ቁ ൌ ݁ ା
௡
ଵ
භ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͳ
௡

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϯ
ϭϳϲ͘;Ϳ
భ ିଵ ଵ ξହ ξହ ξହ
dĞŵͲƐĞͷିమ ൌ ൫ξͷ൯ ൌ ൌ
ହ
Ğെͷξͷ ൌ
ହ
ൈ ሺെʹͷሻ ്
ହ

ξହ

ϭϳϳ͘;Ϳ
Ͷଵା௫ ൌ Ͷ ൈ Ͷ௫ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ܽ


ϭϳϴ͘;Ϳ
ଵ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ͺି௔ ൌ ʹ ฻ ʹିଷ௔ ൌ ʹ ฻ െ͵ܽ ൌ ͳ ฻ ܽ ൌ െ
ଷ

ϭϳϵ͘;Ϳ
భ భ
ଵ
݂ ቀെ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ Ͷିమା௔ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹଶ ሻିమା௔ ൌ ʹ ฻ ʹିଵାଶ௔ ൌ ʹ ฻ െͳ ൅ ʹܽ ൌ ͳ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͳ
ଶ

ϭϴϬ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଵ
݂ሺെͶሻ ൌ ͳͲିସ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൏ Ͳ
ଵ଴଴଴଴
ଵ
݂ሺെͳሻ ൌ ͳͲିଵ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ ଵ଴
െ ͳͲͲͲ ൏ Ͳ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͳͲ଴ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ ͳ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ െͻͻͻ
݂ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳͲଵ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ ͳͲ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ െͻͲͲ
݂ሺͶሻ ൌ ͳͲସ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ ͳͲͲͲͲ െ ͳͲͲͲ ൌ ͻͲͲͲ
KƐĞŐŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƌĞƚĂŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐƐĞĞƐſƐĞƵŵĚŽƐĚŽŝƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĞƐĐŽůŚŝĚŽƐĨŽƌŽƉŽŶƚŽ
ĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂͶ͘
ଵൈସ ସ
ܲൌ ఱ ൌ ൌ ͲǡͶ
஼మ ଵ଴

ϭϴϭ͘;Ϳ
EĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕ƚĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƌ݂ሺͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺʹሻ ൏ Ͳ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௘ ௘మ
݂ሺͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺʹሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹܽ െ ݁ሻሺʹܽ െ ݁ ଶ ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ቀܽ െ ቁ ൈ ʹ ቀܽ െ ቁ ൏ Ͳ ฻
ଶ ଶ
௘ ௘మ ௘ ௘మ
฻ ቀܽ െ ቁ ቀܽ െ ቁ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ܽ ‫ א‬ቃ ǡ ଶ ቂ
ଶ ଶ ଶ

ϭϴϮ͘;Ϳ
௫ మ ି௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݁ ר‬௫ െ ͳ ് Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݁ ר‬௫ ് ͳ ฻
௘ ೣ ିଵ
฻ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳሿ ‫ Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϰ
ϭϴϯ͘;Ϳ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƐĞĞƐſƐĞܽଶ െ ʹܽ ൅ ͳ ൐ ͳ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܽଶ െ ʹܽ ൅ ͳ ൐ ͳ ฻ ܽଶ െ ʹܽ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ܽሺܽ െ ʹሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ܽ ‫ א‬ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ


ϭϴϰ͘;Ϳ
௘ ೣ ା௫௚ሺ௫ሻ ௘ೣ ௚ሺ௫ሻ ௘ೣ ௚ሺ௫ሻ
௫ืିஶ ଶ௫
ൌ െͳ ฻ ௫ืିஶ ቂଶ௫ ൅ ଶ
ቃ ൌ െͳ ฻ ᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇥ ൅ ௫ืିஶ
ᇣᇧᇧ௫ืିஶ ଶ௫ ଶ
ൌ െͳ ฻
ୀ଴
௚ሺ௫ሻ
฻ ௫ืିஶ ଶ ൌ െͳ ฻ ௫ืିஶ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͳ

ϭϴϱ͘;Ϳ
భషೣ షమ
௫ืଷ ݁ ሺೣషయሻమ ൌ ݁ బశ ൌ ݁ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ

ϭϴϲ͘;Ϳ
௘ ௫ ௘ ିஶ ௘
௫ืିஶ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞͲ ൏ ൏ ͳ
ଷ ଷ ଷ

ϭϴϳ͘;Ϳ
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݁ ି௫ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ͳ ฻ ௫ืାஶሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሿ െ ᇣᇧ
ᇧ ି௫
ᇧᇤᇧᇧ݁ᇧᇥ
௫ืାஶ ൌ ͳ ฻
ୀ଴
฻ ௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺെʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ĚĞ݂͘

ϭϴϴ͘;Ϳ
௫ืିஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݁ ௫ ሿ ൌ ͳ ฻ ௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ
ᇣᇧᇧ௫ืିஶ
ᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇥ݁ ௫ ൌ ͳ ฻ ௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕Ă
ୀ଴
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘

ϭϴϵ͘;Ϳ

ϭϵϬ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ௫ ଵȀଶ ௫ భ
௫ืାஶ ቀͳ ൅ ଶ௫ቁ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀͳ ൅ ௫
ቁ ൌ ݁ మ ൌ ξ݁


WĄŐ͘ϭϲϱ
ϭϵϭ͘;Ϳ
బ
బ
௘ ೌೣ ିଵ ௘ యೣ ିଵ ௘ ೌೣ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
௫ื଴ ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ ቀ ൈ ܽቁ ൌ ܽ ௫ื଴ ൌ
ณ ܽ ௬ื଴ ൌ ܽ ൈ ͳ ൌ ܽ
௫ ௔௫ ௔௫ ௬
௔௫ୀ௬

ϭϵϮ͘;Ϳ
బ
బ
௘ ೌషೣ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ
௫ื௔ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ൌ െ ௬ื଴ ൌ െͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݇ ൌ െͳ͘
௫ି௔ ି௬ ௬
௔ି௫ୀ௬

ϭϵϯ͘;Ϳ
బ
బ
ଵି௘ మషೣ ଵି௘ ೤ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ௘ ೤ ିଵ ଵ
௫ืଶష మ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ሺଶି௬ሻమ ିଶሺଶି௬ሻ ൌ െ ௬ื଴ ൌ െ ௬ื଴ ቂ ൈ ቃ ൌ
௫ ିଶ௫ ௬ሺ௬ିଶሻ ௬ ௬ିଶ
ଶି௫ୀ௬
௘ ೤ ିଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ െ ௬ื଴ ൈ ௬ื଴ ൌ െͳ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ
௬ ௬ିଶ ଶ ଶ
௫ืଶశ ʹ௫ି௔ ൌ ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹଶି௔
ଵ
WĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƐĞũĂĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌʹଶି௔ ൌ ͘
ଶ
ଵ
KƌĂ͕ʹଶି௔ ൌ ଶ ฻ ʹ െ ܽ ൌ െͳ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͵͘

ϭϵϰ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ಮ
ಮ భ
௘ ೣ ାଵ ଵା ೣ ଵା଴
භ௫ืାஶ ೣ ൌ ฎ ௫ืାஶ ೐ೌ ൌ ൌ ͳ
௘ ା௔ ଵା ೣ ଵା଴
೐
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕Ğŵ൅λ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ͘
௘ ೣ ାଵ ଴ାଵ ଵ
භ௫ืିஶ ൌ ൌ
௘ ೣ ା௔ ଴ାୟ ୟ
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕Ğŵെλ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͘
௔
ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ܽ ൌ ͘
ଶ

ϭϵϱ͘;Ϳ
ܽସା୪୭୥రሺଷሻ ൌ ܽସ ൈ ܽ ୪୭୥ೌ ଷ ൌ ସ ൈ ͵ ൌ ͵ܽସ

ϭϵϲ͘;Ϳ
௘ మషభ ௘ ௘
݃ሺʹሻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ሺܽሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺ݁ሻ െ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ሺ͵ሻ͘
௔ ଷ ଷ


ϭϵϳ͘;Ϳ
ଶሺͶ ൈ ʹି௫ ሻ ൌ ଶ ሺͶሻ ൅ ଶ ሺʹି௫ ሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ െ ‫ݔ‬

ϭϵϴ͘;Ϳ
௔ ௔మ
ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺܽଶ ሻ െ ሺܾܽሻ ൌ ͸݇ െ ʹ݇ ൌ Ͷ݇
௕ ௔௕

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϲ
ϭϵϵ͘;Ϳ
ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ௔ ൫ඥ‫ݕ‬൯ ൌ ʹ ฻ ௔ ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ௔ ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ Ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞǀĞŵ͗
ଶ
௔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൈ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ ௔ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൅ ௔ ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ௔ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ௔ ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൌ ʹܾ ൅ Ͷ

ϮϬϬ͘;Ϳ
௫ ௫
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺʹሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺ‫ݕ‬ሻ ฻ ൌ ‫ ݕ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ‫ݕ‬
ଶ ଶ

ϮϬϭ͘;Ϳ
௔ ሺͻܽଶ ሻ ൌ ௔ ሺͻሻ ൅ ௔ ሺܽଶ ሻ ൌ ௔ ൫ܽଶ௕ ൯ ൅ ʹ ൌ ʹܾ ൅ ʹ

ϮϬϮ͘;Ϳ
ౢ౥ౝ೎ ሺ್ሻ
ܿ ౢ౥ౝ೎ሺೌሻ ൌ ܿ ୪୭୥ೌሺ௕ሻ

ϮϬϯ͘;Ϳ
భ
ଵ ଵ ଺௞ିଷ ଷ
ଶ ቆට
଼భషమೖ
ቇ ൌ ଶ ൤൫ͺଶ௞ିଵ ൯మ ൨ ൌ ଶ ଶ ൫ʹ଺௞ିଷ ൯ ൌ ଶ
ൌ ͵݇ െ
ଶ

ϮϬϰ͘;Ϳ
୪୭୥ೌ ሺଶሻ ଵ
୪୭୥మ ሺ௔ሻ
ൌ ௔ ሺʹሻ ൈ ൌ ௔ ሺʹሻ ൈ ௔ ሺʹሻ ൌ ሾ ௔ ሺʹሻሿଶ
୪୭୥మ ሺ௔ሻ

ϮϬϱ͘;Ϳ
ଷ ସ ௡ାଵ ଷ ସ ௡ାଵ
ሺʹሻ ൅ ቀ ቁ ൅ ቀ ቁ ൅ ‫ ڮ‬൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀʹ ൈ ൈ ൈ ǥൈ ቁ ൌ ሺ݊ ൅ ͳሻ
ଶ ଷ ௡ ଶ ଷ ௡
ሺ݊ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ݊ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͳͲͲ ฻ ݊ ൌ ͻͻ

ϮϬϲ͘;Ϳ
݃ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ ସሺͶ െ Ͳሻ ൌ ʹ ସሺͶሻ ൌ ʹ ൈ ͳ ൌ ʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ʹሻƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ͕݃ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺʹǡ ͲሻƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŝŶǀĞƌƐĂĚĞ݃͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϲϳ
ϮϬϳ͘;Ϳ
ሺ݂ ‫݃ ל‬ሻሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݂ሾ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݂ ൬ భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ൰ ൌ Ͳ ฻ భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͳ ‫ ש‬భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻
మ మ మ
ଵ ିଵ ଵ ଵ ିଵ
฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ቀଶ ቁ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ
ଶ ଶ

ϮϬϴ͘;Ϳ
ଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ݁ ଶ௫ ൌ ͵ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺ͵ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ൫ξ͵൯͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞƐƐĞƉŽŶƚŽ
ଶ
ƐĆŽ൫൫ξ͵൯ ǡ ͵൯͘

ϮϬϵ͘;Ϳ
ሺ݂ ‫݃ ל‬ሻሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݂ሾ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ݂ሾ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ሻାଵ ൌ ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺ௫ሻ ൈ ʹଵ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ʹ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬

ϮϭϬ͘;Ϳ
݂ሺ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ሺ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ ଶ ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ሺ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ݇‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ଶ ‫ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݇ ൌ ݁ ଶ͘

Ϯϭϭ͘;Ϳ
݂ሺܽሻ ൌ ሺ݁ܽଷ ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ሻ ൅ ሺܽଷ ሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ͵ ሺܽሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ͵ܾ

ϮϭϮ͘;Ϳ
EĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕ƚĞŵĚĞƐĞƌ݂ሺͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺʹሻ ൏ Ͳ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
݂ሺͳሻ ൈ ݂ሺʹሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ሾ ଶ ሺͳሻ ൅ ʹܽሿ ൈ ሾ ଶሺʹሻ ൅ ʹܽሿ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ʹܽ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ʹܽሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻
ଵ
฻ ܽ ‫ א‬ቃെ ǡ Ͳቂ
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϴ
Ϯϭϯ͘;Ϳ
௫ାଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ר ͳ ് ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳ ฻
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬

Ϯϭϰ͘;Ϳ
‫ܦ‬௚‫ל‬௙ ൌ ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ ǣ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ܦ א‬௚ ൟ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թା ǣ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ ͳሽ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թା ǣ Ͳ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹሽ ൌ ሿͲǡ ʹሾ


Ϯϭϱ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƚŽĚŽŽŶĂƚƵƌĂů͕݊‫ݑ‬௡ ൏ Ͳ͘
భ భ
ଵ ୪୭୥మ ቀ ቁାଵ ୪୭୥మ ቀ ቁ ଵ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺ‫ݑ‬௡ ሻ ൌ ݂ ቂ ଶ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ʹ ೙ ൌʹ ೙ ൈ ʹ ൌ ൈ ʹ ൌ ͘
௡ ௡ ௡

Ϯϭϲ͘;Ϳ
‫ܦ‬௙‫ל‬௚ ൌ ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ ǣ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ܦ א‬௙ ൟ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ ʹሽ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϵ
Ϯϭϳ͘;Ϳ
௘మ ௘మ ௘ೌ ௘మ ௘ೌ ௘మ
݂ሺሺʹሻሻ ൌ ฻ ݁ ௔ି୪୬ሺଶሻ ൌ ฻ ௘ ౢ౤ሺమሻ ൌ ฻ ൌ ฻ ܽ ൌ ʹ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

Ϯϭϴ͘;Ϳ
௘మ ௘మ ௘ೌ ௘మ ௘ೌ ௘మ ௘మ ௘మ
݂ሺሺʹሻሻ ൌ ସ
฻ ݁ ௔ି୪୬ሺଶሻ ൌ ସ
฻ ௘ ౢ౤ሺమሻ ൌ ସ
฻ ଶ
ൌ ସ
฻ ݁௔ ൌ ଶ
฻ ܽ ൌ ቀ ଶ ቁ
௘మ
ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺ݁ ଶ ሻ െ ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹ െ ሺʹሻ
ଶ

Ϯϭϵ͘;Ϳ
௫ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ஶ
௫ื଴ ௫ మ ൌ ௫ื଴ ൌെ ൌ െλ
ାଶ௫ ௫ାଶ ଶ

ϮϮϬ͘;Ϳ
ଵ
௫ืାஶ ൤ భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ଶ ቀ ቁ൨ ൌ భ ሺ൅λሻ ൅ ଶ ሺͲା ሻ ൌ Ͳ െ λ ൌ െλ
మ ௫ మ

ϮϮϭ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ିଵ
భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͳ ൏ Ͳ ฻ భ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ െͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ቀ ቁ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ
మ మ ଶ

ϮϮϮ͘;Ϳ
௙ሺ௫ሻି௙ሺଵሻ
dĞŵͲƐĞ௫ืଵ
௫ିଵ
ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ͘
KƌĂ͕݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ௫ ሻᇱൌ ሺʹሻ ൈ ʹ௫ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ሺʹሻ ൈ ʹ ൌ ሺͶሻ͘

ϮϮϯ͘;Ϳ
௙ሺଶା௛ሻି௙ሺଶሻ
dĞŵͲƐĞ௛ื଴ ௛
ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ͘
ଵ ଵ
KƌĂ͕݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ
௫
ൌ ͘
ଶ


ϮϮϰ͘;Ϳ
ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
௫ା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵା ଵା଴
dĞŵͲƐĞ௫ืାஶ ௫ାଵ
భ ൌ ൌ ͳ͘
ଵା ଵା଴
ೣ

ϮϮϱ͘;Ϳ
௘ ೣ ିଵ ௘ೣ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀ ௫ െ ቁ ൌ ൅λ െ Ͳ ൌ ൅λ͘
௫ ௫

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϬ
ϮϮϲ͘;Ϳ
௘ ೣ ିଵ ଴ିଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ௫ืିஶ ൌ ൌ ͳ
௘ మೣ ିଵ ଴ିଵ

ϮϮϳ͘;Ϳ
೑ሺೣሻ ೑ሺೣሻ ೑ሺೣሻ
௫ା௙ሺ௫ሻ ଵା ଵା୪୧୫ೣืశಮ ଵା୪୧୫ೣืశಮ
dĞŵͲƐĞ௫ืାஶ ൌ ͵ ฻ ௫ืାஶ ೣ
ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ൌ͵฻ ೣ
ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ൌ͵฻ ೣ
ൌ ͵ ฻
௫ା୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵା ଵା୪୧୫ೣืశಮ ଵା଴
ೣ ೣ
௙ሺ௫ሻ
฻ ௫ืାஶ ௫
ൌ ʹ

ϮϮϴ͘;Ϳ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͲǡ ͸ሿ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘

ϮϮϵ͘;Ϳ

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϭ
ϮϯϬ͘;Ϳ
භ݃ሺͲሻ ൐ ͲĞ݃ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൏ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ሺͲሻ െ ݃ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൐ Ͳ͘
භ݃ᇱᇱ ሺͳሻ ൏ ͲĞ݃ሺͳሻ ൐ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ᇱᇱ ሺͳሻ െ ݃ሺͳሻ ൏ Ͳ͘
භ݃ᇱ ሺͳǡͷሻ ൏ ͲĞ݃ᇱᇱ ሺͳǡͷሻ ൏ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃Ԣሺͳǡͷሻ ൈ ݃ᇱᇱ ሺͳǡͷሻ ൐ Ͳ͘
භ݃ᇱᇱ ሺͲሻ ൐ ͲĞ݃ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൏ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ᇱᇱ ሺͲሻ െ ݃ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൐ Ͳ͘


Ϯϯϭ͘;Ϳ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻĠƐĞŵƉƌĞŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ ᇱ ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ ൏ ݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ ൏ Ͳ͘

ϮϯϮ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ ሺʹ௔ ሻ ൌ ܽ ሺʹሻ ൏ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ ͲĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺܽሻ ൏ Ͳ͘

Ϯϯϯ͘;Ϳ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ିଵ଴଴௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͲͲሻଷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͲͲሻଷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳͲͲ

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͲͲ͘

Ϯϯϰ͘;Ϳ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻସ ݁ ଶ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻସ ሿᇱ ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻସ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ሾͶሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻᇱ ሿ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻସ ሺʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ൌ Ͷሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻଷ ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻସ ݁ ଶ௫ ൌ
ൌ ʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻଷ ሺʹ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻ ൌ ʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͺሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹͲሻଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳͺሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹͲ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳͺ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͺĞĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹͲ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϮ
Ϯϯϱ͘;Ϳ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵԹ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞŵƉƌĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂ͘


Ϯϯϲ͘ĂͿͳͲͲͲͲ̈́ͲͲ ൈ ͳǡ͵͸ଶ ൌ ͳͺͶͻ͸̈́ͲͲ
ďͿͳͲͲͲͲ̈́ͲͲ ൈ ͳǡͲ͵ଶସ ൌ ʹͲ͵ʹ͹̈́ͻͶ
ĐͿͳͲͲͲͲ̈́ͲͲ ൈ ‫ ݔ‬ଵଶ ൌ ͳͲͲͲͲ̈́ͲͲ ൈ ͳǡ͵͸ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଵଶ ൌ ͳǡ͵͸ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ భమξͳǡ͵͸

KƌĂ͕ భమξͳǡ͵͸ ൎ ͳǡͲʹ͸
ƚĂǆĂŵĞŶƐĂůĠĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂůĂʹǡ͸Ψ͘
ĚͿභƚĂǆĂĚĞ͵͸Ψ͗
‫ܥ‬଴ ൈ ͳǡ͵͸௡ ൌ ʹ‫ܥ‬଴ ฻ ͳǡ͵͸௡ ൌ ʹ ฻ ݊ ൌ ଵǡଷ଺ ʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݊ ൎ ʹǡʹͷͶ͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĠƉĂŐŽĂŶƵĂůŵĞŶƚĞ͕ƐĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƐϯĂŶŽƐ͘
භƚĂǆĂĚĞͳǡ͸Ψ͗
‫ܥ‬଴ ൈ ͳǡͲͳ͸௡ ൌ ʹ‫ܥ‬଴ ฻ ͳǡͲͳ͸௡ ൌ ʹ ฻ ݊ ൌ ଵǡ଴ଵ଺ ʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݊ ൎ Ͷ͵ǡ͸͸͹͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞŽĐĂƉŝƚĂůĠƉĂŐŽĂŶƵĂůŵĞŶƚĞ͕ƐĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƐϰϰĂŶŽƐ͘

Ϯϯϳ͘ĂͿ 4 x + 4− x = (2 x + 2− x ) 2 − 2 × 2 x × 2− x = 52 − 2 = 23
ଶమೣ ିଵ ሺଶೣ ሻమ ିଵమ (2 x + 1)(2 x − 1)

ďͿ
ଶೣ ାଵ
ൌ
ଶೣ ାଵ
ൌ = 2x −1
2x + 1
−x x
ĐͿ
1 − 2 − x = (1 − 2 ) × 2 = 2 x − 20 = 2 x − 1
1 + 2− x (1 + 2 − x ) × 2 x 2 x + 20 2 x + 1
ͳ ʹ௫ െ ͳ
ͳ െ ʹି௫ ͳ െ ʹ௫ ௫
ʹ௫ ൌ ʹ െ ͳ
ൌ ൌ
ͳ ൅ ʹି௫ ͳ ൅ ͳ ʹ௫ ൅ ͳ ʹ௫ ൅ ͳ
ʹ௫ ʹ௫

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϯ
Ϯϯϴ͘ĂͿ
ܳሺͲሻ ൌ ͶͲͻ͸ ൌ ʹଵଶ ܿ ൌ ʹଵଶ ฻ ቄܿ ൌ ʹଵଶ ฻ ൜ܿ ൌ ʹଵଶ
൜ ଵ଴ ฻ ቄ ଵଶ
ܳሺܽሻ ൌ ͳͲʹͶ ൌ ʹ ʹ ൈ ʹି଴ǡହ௔ ൌ ʹଵ଴ ʹି଴ǡହ௔ ൌ ʹିଶ ܽ ൌ Ͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ a = 4 Ğ c = 4096 ͘
ďͿ
dĞŵͲƐĞܳሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹଵଶ ൈ ʹି଴ǡହ௧ ൌ ʹଵଶି଴ǡହ௧ ͘
ொሺ௧ାଵሻ ଶభమషబǡఱሺ೟శభሻ
ொሺ௧ሻ
ൌ ଶభమషబǡఱ೟
ൌ ʹଵଶି଴ǡହ௧ି଴ǡହିଵଶା଴ǡହ௧ ൌ ʹି଴ǡହ ൎ Ͳǡ͹͖ƚĂůƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞ͕ĂĐĂĚĂŚŽƌĂ͕ĂƋƵĂŶƚŝĚĂĚĞĚĞ
ƐƵďƐƚąŶĐŝĂƐĞƌĞĚƵǌ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĞŵϯϬй͘

ଵଶ ଵଶ
Ϯϯϵ͘ĂͿ݅ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ ʹǡͶ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŚĂǀŝĂʹͶͲĐŽďĂŝĂƐŝŶĨĞƚĂĚĂƐŶŽŝŶşĐŝŽĚŽƚƌĂƚĂŵĞŶƚŽ͘
ସାଶబ ହ
KĂƵŵĞŶƚŽĨŽŝĚĞͻͲĐŽďĂŝĂƐ͕ŽƋƵĞĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĂƵŵĂƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ͸ͲΨ͘
ଵଶ
ďͿ݅ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡͷ ฻ ൌ ͳǡͷ ฻ Ͷ ൅ ʹ଴ǡହ௧ ൌ ͺ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͷ͖ĨŽŝĂŽĨŝŵĚĞƋƵĂƚƌŽĚŝĂƐ͘
ସାଶబǡఱ೟


ଵଶ ଵଶ
ĐͿ݅ሺ͸ሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŚĂǀŝĂͳͲͲĐŽďĂŝĂƐŝŶĨĞƚĂĚĂƐŶŽƐĞǆƚŽĚŝĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ
ସାଶబǡఱൈల ସା଼
݊ሺͲሻ ൌ ͳ
൜
݊ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ʹ
݊ሺͲሻ ൌ ͳ ଴ ܽ ൌ ͳ ܽ ൌ ͳ ௧ ೟
฻ ൜ܽ ൈ ܾ ଷ ൌ ͳ ฻ ቄ ଷ
య
KƌĂ͕൜ ฻൜ య ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕݊ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ξʹ ൌ ʹయ
݊ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ʹ ܽൈܾ ൌʹ ܾ ൌʹ ܾ ൌ ξʹ
ĚͿ;Ϳ
ଵଶ ଵଶ ଵଶ ଵଶ
௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݅ሺെ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͵
ସାଶబǡఱሺషೣሻ ସାଶషబǡఱೣ ସାଶషಮ ସା଴

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϰ
݃ሺͲሻ ൌ ͳ͸Ͳ ௞ൈ଴ା௠ ʹ௠ ൌ ͵ʹ

ϮϰϬ͘ĂͿ൜ ฻ ൜ ͷ ൈ ʹ௞ൈଵ଴ା௠ൌ ͳ͸Ͳ ฻ ቄ ଵ଴௞ା௠ ฻
݃ሺͳͲሻ ൌ ͷͳʹͲ ͷൈʹ ൌ ͷͳʹͲ ʹ ൌ ͳͲʹͶ
݉ ൌ ͷ ݉ൌͷ
฻ቄ ฻ቊ ଵ
ͳͲ݇ ൅ ͷ ൌ ͳͲ ݇ൌ ଶ
g (t + 1) 5 × 2k (t +1)+m 2kt + k +m
ďͿ = kt + m
= kt +m = 2k
g (t ) 5× 2 2
௚ሺ௧ାଵሻ
ĐͿ ௚ሺ௧ሻ
ൌ ʹ଴ǡହ ൌ 2 ≈ 1,4 ͖ƚĂůƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞ͕ĂĐĂĚĂĚŝĂ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĐĂƌĂĐſŝƐĂƵŵĞŶƚĂ͕
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ϰϬй͘

௕ൈ଴ ܽ ൌ ͳͲ ܽ ൌ ͳͲ ܽ ൌ ͳͲ
Ϯϰϭ͘ĂϭͿ൜ ܽ ൈ ݁௕ൈଵଶൌ ͳͲ ฻ ቄ ฻ ቄ ฻ ቊ ୪୬ሺ଴ǡହሻ
ܽൈ݁ ൌ ͷ ͳͲ݁ ௕ൈଵଶ ൌ ͷ ݁ ௕ൈଵଶ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ܾ ൌ ଵଶ
ౢ౤ሺబǡఱሻ
௧
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܯ‬ൌ ͳͲ݁ భమ ͕ƐĞŶĚŽDĂŵĂƐƐĂĞǆŝƐƚĞŶƚĞƐ͕ĞŵŵŐ͕ĚĞĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƐƚĚŝĂƐ͘
ౢ౤ሺబǡఱሻ భ
௧ ୪୬ሺ଴ǡହሻ ଵ ଵଶ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
ĂϮͿͳͲ݁ భమ ൌͳ฻ ଵଶ
‫ݐ‬ ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ భబ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͵ͻǡͺ͸͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĨŽŝĂŽůŽŶŐŽ
ଵ଴ ୪୬ሺ଴ǡହሻ
ĚŽϰϬ͘ŽĚŝĂ͘
ďϭͿභWůƵƚſŶŝŽͲϮϰϬ
భ
ଵ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
ି଴ǡ଴଴଴ଵଵ௧
݁ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ଴ǡ଴଴଴ଵଵ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͸͵ͲͳĂŶŽƐ͘
మ
ଶ
භWůƵƚſŶŝŽͲϮϰϮ
భ
ଵ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
݁ ି଴ǡ଴଴଴଴଴ଵ଼௧ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ మ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͵ͺͷͲͺʹĂŶŽƐ͘
଴ǡ଴଴଴଴଴ଵ଼
ଶ
௘ షబǡబబబభభ೟ ଴ǡ଴ଵ
ďϮͿͲǡʹ݁ ି଴ǡ଴଴଴ଵଵ௧ ൌ ͲǡͲͳ݁ ି଴ǡ଴଴଴଴଴ଵ଼௧ ฻ షబǡబబబబబభఴ೟ ൌ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡ଴଴଴ଵ଴଼ଶ௧ ൌ ͲǡͲͷ ฻
௘ ଴ǡଶ
୪୬ሺ଴ǡ଴ହሻ
฻‫ݐ‬ൌെ
଴ǡ଴଴଴ଵ଴଼ଶ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݐ‬ ൎ ʹ͹͸ͺ͹ĂŶŽƐ͘

ϮϰϮ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽĐĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [2; 2,25] ͕ c(2) ≈ 0,21 Ğ c(2,25) ≈ 0,18 ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞ
c(2,25) < 0,2 < c(2) ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∃x ∈ ]2; 2,25[ : c( x) = 0,2 ͕
ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ĞǆŝƐƚŝƵƵŵŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĞŶƚƌĞĂƐϭϬ͗ϬϬĞĂƐϭϬ͗ϭϱĞŵƋƵĞĂĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂĕĆŽĚĞŵĞĚŝĐĂŵĞŶƚŽŶŽ
ƐĂŶŐƵĞƚŽŵŽƵŽǀĂůŽƌϬ͕ϮŵŐͬů͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϳϱ
ଷ௧ మ ௘ షబǡఴ೟
Ϯϰϯ͘ĂϭͿ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܿሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ͵‫ ݐ‬ଶ ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ൌ ͳǡͷ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ݁ ି଴ǡ଺௧ ฻
ด ଵǡହ௧ మ ௘ షబǡల೟ ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௧ ൌ ͳ ฻
௧ஷ଴
భ
୪୬ቀ ቁ
฻‫ݐ‬ൌെ మ
଴ǡଶ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͵ǡͶ͸͸ŚŽƌĂƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ĐĞƌĐĂĚĞϯŚŽƌĂƐĞϮϴŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĂů
ŽĐŽƌƌĞƵƉĞůĂƐϭϰŚŽƌĂƐĞϱϴŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
ĂϮͿƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐĚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ f ( x) − c( x) = 0,5 ŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ [0,6] ƐĆŽ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕Ϭ͕ϵϱ͕Ϯ͕ϯϲĞ

ϱ͕Ϭϰ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐŵŽŵĞŶƚŽƐƉĞĚŝĚŽƐƐĆŽϭϮ͗Ϯϳ͕ϭϯ͗ϱϮĞϭϲ͗ϯϮ͘

ďͿƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĨƌĂƐĞĨŽŝƉƌŽĨĞƌŝĚĂƉĞůĂDĂƌŝĂ͗
KĂŶĂůŐĠƐŝĐŽĚĂDĂƌŝĂŶƵŶĐĂĐŚĞŐŽƵĂĂƚŝŶŐŝƌĂĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂĕĆŽĚĞϮ͕ϱŵŐͬůĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶƵŶĐĂĐŚĞŐŽƵĂ
ŶĆŽƚĞƌƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĚŽƌ͖ũĄŽĂŶĂůŐĠƐŝĐŽĚĂ>ĞŽŶŽƌƵůƚƌĂƉĂƐƐŽƵĂƌĞĨĞƌŝĚĂĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂĕĆŽĚƵƌĂŶƚĞĂůŐƵŵ
ƚĞŵƉŽ͘
ƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĨƌĂƐĞĨŽŝƉƌŽĨĞƌŝĚĂƉĞůĂDĂƌŝĂ͗
KĂŶĂůŐĠƐŝĐŽĚĂ>ĞŽŶŽƌƵůƚƌĂƉĂƐƐĂĂĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂĕĆŽĚĞϭ͕ϱŵŐͬůĞŵŵĞŶŽƐƚĞŵƉŽ͘
ƚĞƌĐĞŝƌĂĨƌĂƐĞĨŽŝƉƌŽĨĞƌŝĚĂƉĞůĂ>ĞŽŶŽƌ͗
ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂĕĆŽĚŽĂŶĂůŐĠƐŝĐŽĚĂ>ĞŽŶŽƌĠŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌĂϭ͕ϱŵŐͬůƋƵĂŶĚŽĂŝŶĚĂŶĆŽĚĞĐŽƌƌĞƌĂŵϱŚŽƌĂƐ
ĚĞƉŽŝƐĚĂƚŽŵĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϲ
௚ሺ௫ሻ ଷ௫ మ ௘ షబǡఴೣ
ĐϭͿ௫ืାஶ ௛ሺ௫ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ଵǡହ௫మ ௘ షబǡలೣ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ሺʹ݁ ି଴ǡଶ௫ ሻ ൌ ʹ݁ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ
ଷ௫ మ ௫మ
ĐϮͿ௫ืାஶ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௫ ൌ ௫ืାஶ బǡఴೣ ൌ ͵ ൈ ௫ืାஶ బǡఴೣ ൌ Ͳ
௘ ௘

Ϯϰϰ͘ĂͿܶሺͲሻ ൌ ʹͲ ൅ ͸Ͳ݁ ି଴ǡଵൈ଴ ൌ ʹͲ ൅ ͸Ͳ ൌ ͺͲԨ
ďͿܶሺͳͷሻ ൌ ʹͲ ൅ ͸Ͳ݁ ି଴ǡଵൈଵହ ൌ ʹͲ ൅ ͸Ͳ݁ ିଵǡହ ൎ ͵͵ǡͶԨ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐĂĨĠũĄŶĆŽĞƐƚĄĂŐŽƐƚŽĚŽ

ŶƚſŶŝŽƉŽŝƐĞƐƚĄĂ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕͵͵ԨǤ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൏ ͷͲ ฻ ʹͲ ൅ ͸Ͳ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൏ ͷͲ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൏ ଶ ฻ െͲǡͳ‫ ݐ‬൏ ቀଶቁ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬൐ െͳͲ ቀଶቁ
ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞെͳͲ ቀ ቁ ൎ ͸ǡͻ͵ŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵĚĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƌ͕ƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐ͕ĐĞƌĐĂĚĞϳŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
ଶ


ĚͿŽŵŽ௧ืାஶ ܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͲ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĂŵďŝĞŶƚĞĞƌĂĚĞʹͲԨĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
ŽĐĂĨĠĞƐƚĂǀĂĂ͵ͲԨ͘
ଵ ଵ
ʹͲ ൅ ͸Ͳ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ͵Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െͳͲ ቀ ቁ
଺ ଺
ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞെͳͲ ቀ଺ቁ ൎ ͳ͹ǡͻʹŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚŝŶŚĂŵƉĂƐƐĂĚŽ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ϭϴŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
ĞͿܽĠĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĂŵďŝĞŶƚĞĞܾĠĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĞŶƚƌĞĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂŝŶŝĐŝĂůĚŽĐŽƌƉŽĞĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂ
ĂŵďŝĞŶƚĞ͘

Ϯϰϱ͘ĂͿභ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ ൒ Ͳ ฻ ʹ௫ െ Ͷ௫ ൅ ʹ ൒ Ͳ ฻
ด ‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ ൒ Ͳ ฻
฻ ͮെ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ʹ
௬ୀଶೣ
ʹ௫ᇧᇤᇧ
฻ ‫ ݕ‬൒ െͳ ‫ ݕ ר‬൑ ʹ ฻ ᇣᇧ െͳ ‫ʹ ר‬௫ ൑ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሿെλǡ ͳሿ͘
൒ ᇧᇥ
௫‫א‬Թ
භ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݄ሺͶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ͳ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ଶ ሺͶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ͳ ฻ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ଶ ሺʹሻ ൅ ଶ ሺͶ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻
଼
฻ ଶ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ଶ ሺͺ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ͺ െ ʹ‫ ݔ ר ݔ‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ Ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ଷ ‫ ݔ ר‬൐ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ Ͷ ฻
଼ ଼
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ Ͷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቂ ǡ Ͷቂ͘
ଷ ଷ
ďͿ (h D g )( x) = h(2 x − 4 x ) = log 2 (2 x − 4 x ) = log 2 ª¬2 x (1 − 2 x )º¼ =
= log 2 (2 x ) + log 2 (1 − 2 x ) = x + log 2 (1 − 2 x )

‫ܦ‬௛‫ל‬௚ ൌ ൛‫ܦ א ݔ‬௚ ǣ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ܦ א‬௛ ൟ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ௫ െ Ͷ௫ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ͮʹ ௫ െ Ͷ ௫ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ௫ ൐ Ͷ ௫ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ
ᇱ ଵ
ĐͿ‫ܦ‬௛‫ל‬௚ ĠŽƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂĚŽĚĞቃെλǡ ቃ ‫ ת‬ሾͲǡ ൅λሾƉŽƌŵĞŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݄͘
ସ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
݄ ቀቃͲǡ ቃቁ ൌ ሿെλǡ െʹሿ ݄ͮ ቀ ቁ ൌ ଶ ቀ ቁ ൌ െʹ
ସ ସ ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ Dh′ D g = ]−∞, −2] ͘
§ π n+1 ·
ĚϭͿ vn+1 − vn = h(π n+1 ) − h(π n ) = log 2 (π n +1 ) − log 2 (π n ) = log 2 ¨ n ¸
= log 2 (π ) ͘
© π ¹
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ሺ‫ݒ‬௡ ሻĠƵŵĂƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐĆŽĂƌŝƚŵĠƚŝĐĂĚĞƌĂǌĆŽ log 2 (π ) ͘
log 2 (π ) + log 2 (π n ) log 2 (π ) + n log 2 (π ) log 2 (π )(1 + n)

ĚϮͿ Sn = ×n = ×n = ×n =
2 2 2
1
= 1 log 2 (π )(n 2 + n) = (n 2 + n)log 2 (π 2 ) = (n 2 + n)log 2 ( π )
2

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϳ
భ భ
ౢ౤ቀ ቁ
ଵ ଵ ୪୬ቀ ቁ మ ௧
ି௞ൈଶହ ି௞ൈଶହ
Ϯϰϲ͘ĂϭͿܳ଴ ݁ ൌ ܳ ฻݁ ൌ ฻݇ൌെ మ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܳሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ మఱ ͘
ଶ ଴ ଶ ଶହ
ଵ ଵ ଶ ଵ ଷ ଵ ௡
ĂϮͿܳሺͳሻ ൌ ܳ଴ ͖ܳሺʹሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ܳ଴ ͖ܳሺ͵ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ܳ଴ ͖͙͖ܳሺ݊ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ܳ଴
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ


భ భ
ౢ౤ቀ ቁ
ଵ ୪୬ቀ ቁ మ ௧
ିଶଷଵ଴ଷ௞௞ୀ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞܳ଴ ݁ ൌ ܳ ฻ ݇ ൌ െ ଶଷଵ଴ଷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܳሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͲͲ݁
మ మయభబయ ͘
ଶ ଴
భ భ య
ౢ౤ቀ ቁ
మ ௧ ୪୬ቀ ቁ ଷ ଶଷଵ଴ଷ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
ܳሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͷͲ ฻ ʹͲͲ݁ మయభబయ మ
ൌ ͳͷͲ ฻ ଶଷଵ଴ଷ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ భ
ర

ସ ୪୬ቀ ቁ
మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͻͷͺͻĂŶŽƐ͘
Q0 Q ln(2)
ĐͿ Q ( s ) = ⇔ Qo e − ks = 0 ⇔ e − ks = 1 ⇔ e ks = 2 ⇔ ks = ln(2) ⇔ k =
2 2 2 s

Ϯϰϳ͘ĂͿ݀ሺͷሻ ൌ ͷͲሺ݁ ିଶ െ ݁ ିସ ሻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƉƌŽƚſƚŝƉŽƚŝŶŚĂƉĞƌĐŽƌƌŝĚŽʹͷ ൅ ͷͲሺ݁ ିଶ െ ݁ ିସ ሻŵĞƚƌŽƐ͕
ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ĐĞƌĐĂĚĞ͵ͲǡͺͷŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘
ଵ
ďͿ݀ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳʹǡͷ ฻ ͷͲሺ݁ ି଴ǡସ௧ െ ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ሻ ൌ ͳʹǡͷ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡସ௧ െ ݁ ି଴ǡ଼௧ ൌ ฻
ด
ସ
ሺ௬ୀ௘ షబǡర೟ ሻ
ଵ ଵ
฻ Ͷ‫ ݕ‬െ Ͷ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ Ͷ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳሻଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡସ௧ ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ
భ
୪୬ቀ ቁ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
฻‫ݐ‬ൌെ మ
଴ǡସ
฻‫ݐ‬ൌ ଴ǡସ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݐ‬ ൎ ͳǡ͹͵ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐ͘
ĐͿ

ĐϭͿ
ĐϮͿĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĠĨĂůƐĂ͕ƉŽŝƐ͕ĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚĞƵŵĐĞƌƚŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݀ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ĐŽŵĞĕĂĂ
ĚŝŵŝŶƵŝƌ͕ĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚĞƐƐĞŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͕ĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĞŶƚƌĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĞƚƌŽƐƉĞƌĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƐƉĞůŽƉƌŽƚſƚŝƉŽĞŽ
ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĞƚƌŽƐƉĞƌĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƐƉĞůŽƉƌŽƚſƚŝƉŽ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϴ
Ϯϰϴ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ଶ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁ ൐ Ͳሽ

dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ͳ ് ݔ‬
භ ଶ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁ ൐ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൏ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬െ ͳ ൐ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬൐ ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿʹǡ ൅λሾ͘
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௛ ͗
݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͳ ൒ Ͳ ฻ భ ሺ ଶȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁሻ ൒ െͳ ฻ ଶ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁ ൑ ʹ ฻ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁ ൑ Ͷ ฻
మ
฻ െͶ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൑ Ͷ ฻ െ͵ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠሾെ͵ǡͷሿ ‫ܦ ת‬௛ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ሾെ͵ǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿʹǡ ͷሿ͘


ĐͿ௫ื଴ష ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష భ ሺ ଶ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁሻ ൌ భ ሺ ଶ ሺͳሻሻ ൌ భ ሺͲሻ ൌ ൅λ
మ మ మ
௫ืଶశ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶశ భ ሺ ଶ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁሻ ൌ భ ሺ ଶሺͳሻሻ ൌ భ ሺͲሻ ൌ ൅λ
మ మ మ
௫ืାஶ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ భ ሺ ଶ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁሻ ൌ భ ሺ ଶ ሺ൅λሻሻ ൌ భ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ െλ
మ మ మ
௫ืିஶ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିஶ భ ሺ ଶ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳȁሻ ൌ భ ሺ ଶ ሺ൅λሻሻ ൌ భ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ െλ
మ మ మ

a x = +∞
Ϯϰϵ͘KůŝŵŝƚĞĠ +∞ ͕ƉŽƌƋƵĞ lim ͕ƐĞŶĚŽ a x ƵŵĂĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂůĚĞďĂƐĞŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞϭ
x→+∞ x p
;ŽƋƵĞĠŽĐĂƐŽͿ͘

−1
§ 1 ·
f ( x) ¨ g ( x) ¸ −1
ϮϱϬ͘KůŝŵŝƚĞĠϬƉŽƌƋƵĞ lim [ f ( x) × g ( x)]= lim = ¨ lim ¸ = (+∞) = 0 ;ƌĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĞ
x →+∞ x →+∞ 1 x →+∞ f ( x )
g ( x) ¨© ¸
¹
g ĠƵŵĂĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂůĚĞďĂƐĞĞŶƚƌĞϬĞϭĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ 1 ĠƵŵĂĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂůĚĞďĂƐĞŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞϭ͕
g
ĂƉůŝĐĂŶĚŽͲƐĞ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ŽůŝŵŝƚĞŶŽƚĄǀĞůƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽŶŽŝƚĞŵϭϱ͘

Ϯϱϭ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ̳ሼെͳሽ
භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ̳ሼെͳሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽ
௫ మ ሺଵା௘ షೣ ሻ ଵሺଵା௘ሻ
௫ืିଵ ൌ ଴ ൌ λ
ଵା௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘
භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ಮ
మ షೣ ಮ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௫ ሺଵା௘ ሻ ଵା௘ షೣ ଵା଴
௫ืାஶ ௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ௫ మ ା௫
ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ భ ൌ ൌ ͳ
ଵା ଵା଴
ೣ
௫ మ ሺଵା௘ షೣ ሻ ௫ మ ௘ షೣ ି௫ ௫௘ షೣ ିଵ
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂ ଵା௫
െ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ భ ൌ
ଵା௫ ାଵ
ೣ
ೣ
ିଵ ଴ିଵ
೐ೣ
ൌ ௫ืାஶ భ ൌ ൌ െͳ
ାଵ ଴ାଵ
ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘
ಮ
ಮ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௫ మ ሺଵା௘ షೣ ሻ ଵା௘ షೣ ଵାஶ
௫ืିஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ௫ మ ା௫ ൌ ฎ ௫ืିஶ భ ൌ ൌ ൅λ
ଵା ଵା଴
ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĞŵ൅λ͘
ďͿ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൐ Ͳሽ ൌ ሿെλǡ െͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ

භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿെλǡ െͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĞ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞŵƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଶ௫ ିଶ
௫ืିଵష మ ൌ శ ൌ െλ
ξ௫ ିଵ ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘
ଶ௫ ଶ
௫ืଵశ మ ൌ ଴శ ൌ ൅λ
ξ௫ ିଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘


ஶ
ʹ‫ݔ‬ ஶ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ʹ‫ݔ‬
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ൌ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืିஶ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െͳ ௫ืିஶ ͳ ௫ืିஶ ͳ
ට‫ ݔ‬ଶ ቀͳ െ ቁ െ‫ݔ‬ටͳ െ ଶ
‫ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ ଶ
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ൌ െʹ
భ ିଵ
ିටଵି మ
ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃Ğŵെλ͘
ಮ
ಮ
ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ ଶ
௫ืାஶ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ
ฎ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ൌ ʹ
ξ௫ మ ିଵ భ భ భ ଵ
ට௫ మ ቀଵି మ ቁ ௫ටଵି మ ටଵି మ
ೣ ೣ ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃Ğŵ൅λ͘
ĐͿ‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ʹ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ݁ ௫ െ ͵ ൐ Ͳሽ

dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ʹ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ݁ ௫ െ ͵ ൐ Ͳ ฻ด ʹ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬െ ͵ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ͮʹ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ͳ
ଷ
ଶ
௬ୀ௘ ೣ
ଷ
௫ ଷ
฻‫ ݕ‬൏െ ‫ݕש‬൏ͳ ฻
ด ݁ᇣᇧ െ ‫ ݁ ש‬௫ ൐ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ
൏ ᇧᇥ
ᇧᇤᇧ
ଶ ଶ
ೣ ௬ୀ௘
ୡ୭୬ୢǤ୧୫୮Ǥ
ା
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௛ ൌ Թ ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿͲǡ ൅λሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽ
௫ื଴శ ሺʹ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ݁ ௫ െ ͵ሻ ൌ ሺͲሻ ൌ െλ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄͘
ଵ ଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ݁ ௫ െ ͵ሻ ൌ ቂʹ݁ ଶ௫ ቀͳ ൅ ଶ௘ ೣ െ ௘ మೣ ቁቃ ൌ
ଵ ଷ ଵ ଷ
ൌ ሺʹሻ ൅ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ൅ ቀͳ ൅ െ ቁ ൌ ሺʹሻ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቀͳ ൅ െ మೣ ቁ
ଶ௘ ೣ ௘ మೣ ଶ௘ ೣ ௘
ଵ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕௫ืାஶ ሾ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺʹሻሻሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀͳ ൅ െ మೣ ቁ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞ
ଶ௘ ೣ ௘
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺʹሻĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄Ğŵ൅λ͘

ϮϱϮ͘ĂͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂĠͨKŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƉŽĚĞƚĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐͩ͘
ଵ
ʹ൅ ‫Ͳ ് ݔ‬
ĂƐƚĂĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƌ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቊ ௫
Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ďͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂĠͨKŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƉŽĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂƌĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹͩ͘

ୱୣ୬ሺ௫ሻ
ĂƐƚĂĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƌ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ௫
͘
ĐͿƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂĠͨKŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ŶĆŽƉŽĚĞƚĞƌƵŵĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂͩ͘
^Ğ͕Ğŵ൅λ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĂĚŵŝƚĞƵŵĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂů͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕Ğŵ൅λ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ
ŽƵƚƌĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ͖ŝĚĞŵĞŵെλ͘

భ
ଷି ହ
Ϯϱϯ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ͵Ğ݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ ൌ మ
ൌ ͘
ଶ ସ
ᇱ ହ
ĂͿ൫݁ ௙ሺ௫ሻ ൯ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௙ሺ௫ሻ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽǀĂůŽƌƉĞĚŝĚŽĠ݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ݁ ௙ሺଶሻ ൌ ݁ ଷ͘
ସ
ఱ
ᇱ ௙ᇲ ሺ௫ሻ ௙ᇲ ሺଶሻ ହ
ďͿൣ൫݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ൯൧ ൌ ௙ሺ௫ሻ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽǀĂůŽƌƉĞĚŝĚŽĠ ௙ሺଶሻ ൌ ర
ଷ
ൌ ͘
ଵଶ


ᇱ
ĐͿ൫ʹ ௙ሺ௫ሻ ൯ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻʹ ௙ሺ௫ሻ ሺʹሻ
ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽǀĂůŽƌƉĞĚŝĚŽĠ݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻʹ௙ሺଶሻ ሺʹሻ ൌ ൈ ʹଷ ൈ ሺʹሻ ൌ ͳͲ ሺʹሻ͘
ସ
ᇱ ௙ᇲ ሺ௫ሻ ௙ᇲ ሺଶሻ ହ
ĚͿൣ ଷ ൫݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ൯൧ ൌ ୪୬ሺଷሻ௙ሺ௫ሻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽǀĂůŽƌƉĞĚŝĚŽĠ୪୬ሺଷሻ௙ሺଶሻ ൌ ଵଶ୪୬ሺଷሻ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϵ
Ϯϱϰ͘ĂͿභƐƚƵĚŽĚĂĐŽŶƚŝŶƵŝĚĂĚĞ
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ሾʹ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሿ ൌ ʹ ൈ ͳ ൈ ͳ ൌ ʹ
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሾʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺͳ ൅ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ʹ െ Ͳ ൅ ሺͳሻ ൌ ʹ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽͲ͘
භƐƚƵĚŽĚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞ
௙ሺ଴ା௛ሻି௙ሺ଴ሻ ଶ௘ ೓ ሺ௛ାଵሻିଶ ௛௘ ೓ ା௘ ೓ ିଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺͲି ሻ ൌ ௛ื଴ష ൌ ௛ื଴ష ൌ ʹ ௛ื଴ష ൌ
௛ ௛ ௛
೓
௘ ିଵ
ൌ ʹ ௛ื଴ష ቀ݁ ௛ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͷ
௛
௙ሺ଴ା௛ሻି௙ሺ଴ሻ ଶି௛ା୪୬ሺଵାଷ௛ሻିଶ ୪୬ሺଵାଷ௛ሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺͲା ሻ ൌ ௛ื଴శ ௛
ൌ ௛ื଴శ ൌ ௛ื଴శ ቀെͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ
௛ ௛
୪୬ሺଵାଷ௛ሻ
ൌ ଷ௛ื଴శ ቀെͳ ൅ ͵ ൈ ଷ௛ ቁ ൌ െͳ ൅ ͵ ൈ ͳ ൌ ʹ
ᇱ ሺͲି ሻ ᇱ ሺͲା ሻ͕݂ŶĆŽĠĚĞƌŝǀĄǀĞůĞŵͲ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ݂ ്݂
ďͿWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ͗

݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾʹ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺʹ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ʹ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ʹ݁ ௫ ൌ ʹ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͗
ሺଵାଷ௫ሻᇲ ଷ ଶିଷ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺͳ ൅ ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ െͳ ൅ ଵାଷ௫
ൌ െͳ ൅
ଵାଷ௫
ൌ
ଵାଷ௫

ଶିଷ௫ ଶ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଵାଷ௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଷ

െλ െʹ Ͳ ʹ ൅λ

͵
ʹ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ െ Ͳ ൅
ʹ െ ͵‫ݔ‬ ൅ ൅ Ͳ െ

ͳ ൅ ͵‫ݔ‬
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ െ Ͳ ൅ Ŷ͘Ě͘ ൅ Ͳ െ
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ
ĚĞ݂ ƌĞů͘ ƌĞů͘

ଶ ଶ
݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ െʹሿĞĞŵቂ ǡ ൅λቂĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂെʹǡ ቃ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଶ
݂ሺെʹሻĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ݂ ቀ ቁĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ଷ

Ϯϱϱ͘ĂͿ௫ืଵష ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵష ൫Ͷ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵൯ ൌ Ͷ െ ξͶ ൌ ʹ
݃ሺͳሻ ൌ ʹ
ଶ௫ ଶ
௫ืଵశ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵశ ൌ శ ൌ ൅λ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ŶĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͘


ďͿWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ ‫׷‬
ᇲ
ᇱ ᇱ ൫௫ మ ାଷ൯ ଶ௫ ି௫
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫Ͷ െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵൯ ൌ െ൫ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵൯ ൌ െ ൌെ ൌ మ
ଶξ௫ మ ାଷ ଶξ௫ మ ାଷ ξ௫ ାଷ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ͗
భ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଶ௫ ᇱ ሺଶ௫ሻᇲ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶ௫ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ଶ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଶ௫ൈ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ
݃ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ൌ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
ೣ
ൌ ʹ ൈ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ
ି௫
‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ
ξ௫ మ ାଷ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗ ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቐ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻିଵ
ʹ ൈ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ
ĐͿWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ ͳ͗

ି௫
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ మ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ξ௫ ାଷ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͳ͗
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ൈ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁

െλ Ͳ ͳ ݁ ൅λ
െ‫ݔ‬ ൅ Ͳ െ

ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵
ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ െ Ͳ ൅
ʹൈ
ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଶ
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݃ᇱ ൅ Ͳ െ Ŷ͘Ě͘ െ Ͳ ൅
sĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ ա ŵĄǆ͘ բ բ ŵşŶ͘ ա
ĚĞ݂ ƌĞů͘ ƌĞů͘

݃ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ ͲሿĞĞŵሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾͲǡ ͳሿĞĞŵሿͳǡ ݁ሿ͘
݃ሺͲሻĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ݃ሺ݁ሻĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘

Ϯϱϲ͘ĂͿභƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ଶ௫ିଷ௫௘ భషೣ
௫ืାஶ
௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶሺʹ െ ͵݁ ଵି௫ ሻ ൌ ʹ െ ͵ ൈ Ͳ ൌ ʹ
௫
ஶൈ଴
ଷ௘௫ ௫
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ െ͵‫ ݁ݔ‬ଵି௫ ൌ ฎ ௫ืାஶ ቀെ ೣ ቁ ൌ െ͵݁ ௫ืାஶ ቀ ೣ ቁ ൌ െ͵݁ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
௘ ௘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘

௙ሺ௫ሻ ଶ௫ିଷ௫௘ భషೣ
௫ืିஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ൌ ௫ืିஶሺʹ െ ͵݁ ଵି௫ ሻ ൌ ʹ െ ͵ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ െλ
௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĞŵെλ͘
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ݁ݔ‬ଵି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ െ ሺ͵‫ ݁ݔ‬ଵି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ െ ͵ሺ‫ ݁ݔ‬ଵି௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ െ ͵ሾ‫ݔ‬Ʋ݁ ଵି௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺ݁ ଵି௫ ሻᇱ ሿ ൌ
ൌ ʹ െ ͵ሾ݁ ଵି௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺെ݁ ଵି௫ ሻሿ ൌ ʹ െ ͵ሾ݁ ଵି௫ െ ‫ ݁ݔ‬ଵି௫ ሿ ൌ ʹ െ ͵݁ ଵି௫ ሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ͵݁ ଵି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺͳሻ ൌ ʹ െ ͵݁ ଴ ൌ െͳĞ݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ͵݁ ଴ ൈ Ͳ ൌ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ

‫ ݕ‬െ ሺെͳሻ ൌ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵͘
ĚͿ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ ൅ ͵݁ ଵି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሻᇱ ൌ ͵ሺ݁ ଵି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሻᇱ ൌ ͵ሾሺ݁ ଵି௫ ሻƲሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻᇱ ݁ଵି௫ ሿ ൌ
ൌ ͵ሾെ݁ଵି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ଵି௫ ሿ ൌ ͵݁ ଵି௫ ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵ሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ଵି௫ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ


KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሿെλǡ ʹሿĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ďĂŝǆŽĞŵሾʹǡ ൅λሾ͖ƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ͘

Ϯϱϳ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ െ ሺͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݁ ௫ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ െ ͳͲ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ൌ ݁ ௫ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݁ ௫ െ ͳͲ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ͳͲ‫ݔ‬
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ ൈ Ͳ ൌ ͲĞ݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫͘ݔ‬
e1+ h (1 + h) − e 5(1 + h) 2 − 5 1+ h 1+ h 2
ďͿ f ′(1) = lim − lim = = lim e + e h − e − lim 5 + 10h + 5h − 5 =
h →0 h h →0 h h→0 h h →0 h
1+ h 1+ h 2
= lim e h + lim e − e − lim 10h + 5h =
h→0 h h→0 h h→0 h
h h(10 + 5h)
= lim e1+ h + e lim e − 1 − lim = e + e × 1 − lim(10 + 5h) = 2e − 10
h→0 h→0 h h→0 h h→0
ĐͿ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ͳͲ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሿᇱ െ ͳͲ ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ െ ͳͲ ൌ

ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ݁ ௫ െ ͳͲ ൌ ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ െ ͳͲ
sĂŵŽƐƌĞĐŽƌƌĞƌăĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŐƌĄĨŝĐĂƉĂƌĂĞƐďŽĕĂƌŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱĞƌĞƐŽůǀĞƌĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ͘
y
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1 x
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 −1 1 2 3
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
−8
−9
−10
−11
ĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽĠĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂůĂͳǡͳͷͶ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺͳǡͳͷͶሻ ൌ ݁ ଵǡଵହ ൈ ͳǡͳͷ െ ͷ ൈ ͳǡͳͷଶ ൎ െʹǡͻͻͻ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܣ‬ሺͳǡͳͷǢ െ͵ǡͲͲሻ͘


ĚͿKǀĂůŽƌƉĞĚŝĚŽĠĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ f ′( x) = g ′( x) ƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ]1,3[ ͘
x x x
dĞŵͲƐĞ f ′( x) = e + e x − 10 x Ğ g ′( x) = 2 ln(2) ͘
sĂŵŽƐƌĞĐŽƌƌĞƌăĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŐƌĄĨŝĐĂƉĂƌĂĞƐďŽĕĂƌ͕ƐŽďƌĞƉŽƐƚŽƐ͕ŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱ Ğ݃ԢŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ
ሿͳǡ͵ሾĞƌĞƐŽůǀĞƌĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ f ′( x) = g ′( x) ͘
2 3

KǀĂůŽƌĚĞܽĠĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂůĂʹǡͲ͵͵͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϬ
Ϯϱϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞܰሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͷ ൈ ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺௧ ͘
ĂϭͿܰሺͲǡͷሻ ൌ ʹͷ ൈ ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺ൈ଴ǡହ ൌ ʹͷ ൈ ݁ ଴ǡ଺଼ଷ ൎ Ͷͻǡͻͻʹ͸͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞŵĞŝĂŚŽƌĂ͕ƐĞƌĆŽͷͲ

ďĂĐƚĠƌŝĂƐ͘
ĂϮͿܰሺ͵ǡͷሻ ൌ ʹͷ ൈ ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺ൈଷǡହ ൌ ʹͷ ൈ ݁ ସǡ଼ହଵ ൎ ͵ͳͻ͸ǡ͹ͲͶͺ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞƚƌġƐŚŽƌĂƐĞŵĞŝĂ͕ƐĞƌĆŽ

͵ͳͻ͹ďĂĐƚĠƌŝĂƐ͘
୪୬ሺଵଶ଼ሻ
ďͿܰሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ʹͲͲ ฻ ʹͷ ൈ ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺௧ ൌ ͵ʹͲͲ ฻ ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺௧ ൌ ͳʹͺ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĠĂŽĨŝŵĚĞ
ଵǡଷ଼଺
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͵ŚŽƌĂƐĞ͵ͲŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
ேሺ௧ା଴ǡହሻ ଶହൈ௘ భǡయఴలሺ೟శబǡఱሻ

ĐͿ
ேሺ௧ሻ
ൌ ଶହൈ௘ భǡయఴల೟
ൌ ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺௧ା଴ǡ଺ଽଷିଵǡଷ଼଺௧ ൌ ݁ ଴ǡ଺ଽଷ ൎ ͳǡͻͻͻ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݇ ൎ ʹ͘
/ƐƚŽƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞďĂĐƚĠƌŝĂƐĚƵƉůŝĐĂĂĐĂĚĂŵĞŝĂŚŽƌĂ͘
ĚͿܰ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹͷ ൈ ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹͷ ൈ ሺ݁ ଵǡଷ଼଺௧ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹͷ ൈ ͳǡ͵ͺ͸݁ଵǡଷ଼଺௧ ൌ ͳǡ͵ͺ͸ܰሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܰ ᇱ ĠĚŝƌĞƚĂŵĞŶƚĞƉƌŽƉŽƌĐŝŽŶĂůĂܰ͘

Ϯϱϵ͘භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ̳ሼͲሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĂĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ሺ݁ ି௫ െ ͳሻ ൌ ሺͲሻ ൌ െλ
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െλ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘


ಮ
ಮ భ భష೐ೣ
௙ሺ௫ሻ షೣ
୪୬ሺ௘ ିଵሻ ୪୬ቀ ೣ ିଵቁ ୪୬൬ ೣ ൰
೐
௫ืିஶ ௫ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ௫
ฎ ௫ืିஶ ೐௫
ൌ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ௫
ൌ
୪୬ሺଵି௘ ೣ ሻି୪୬ሺ௘ ೣ ሻ
௫ืିஶ ൌ
௫
୪୬ሺଵି௘ ೣ ሻ ୪୬ሺଵି௘ ೣ ሻ ୪୬ሺଵሻ
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቂ െ ͳቃ ൌ ௫ืିஶ െ ͳ ൌ ିஶ െ ͳ ൌ െͳ
௫ ௫
௫ืିஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืିஶሾሺ݁ െ ͳሻ ൅ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻሿ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ሾሺ݁ ି௫ െ ͳሻ ൈ ݁ ௫ ሿ ൌ
ି௫
ൌ ௫ืିஶ ሺͳ െ ݁ ௫ ሻ ൌ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ‫ݔ‬ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵെλ͘
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĞŵ൅λƉŽƌƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͘

ϮϲϬ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ᇱ
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൌ ݇݁ ௞௫
ᇱ ᇱ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫݇݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൌ ݇൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൌ ݇ ଶ ݁ ௞௫
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͸݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͻ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ ଶ ݁ ௞௫ െ ͸݇݁ ௞௫ ൅ ͻ݁ ௞௫ ൌ ݁ ௞௫ ሺ݇ ଶ െ ͸݇ ൅ ͻሻ ൌ ݁ ௞௫ ሺ݇ െ ͵ሻଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͸݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͻ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ א ݔ׊‬Թǡ ݁ ௞௫ ሺ݇ െ ͵ሻଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݇ ൌ ͵͘

Ϯϲϭ݃͘ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ‫݂ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ᇱ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾʹ‫݂ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ൫ʹ‫݂ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ൯ ൌ ሾʹ‫݂ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൅ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ
ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ‫ ݂ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ ʹ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ‫ ݂ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ‫ ݂ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݂ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ

ϮϲϮ݃͘ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾሻ݁ ௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾሻᇱ ݁ ௫ ൅ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾሻሺ݁ ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ܽ݁ ௫ ൅ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾሻ݁ ௫ ൌ
ൌ ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܽ ൅ ܾሻ݁ ௫
݃ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵ ଴ ܾ ൌ ͵ ܾ ൌ ͵
൜ ᇱᇱ ฻ ൜ ܾ݁ ൌ ͵ ฻ ቄ ฻ቄ
݃ ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ ܽ൅ܾ ൌͲ ܽ൅͵ൌͲ ܽ ൌ െ͵

Ϯϲϯ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ݁ݔ‬௔௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ݁ ௔௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺ݁ ௔௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௔௫ ൅ ܽ‫ ݁ݔ‬௔௫ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௔௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺͳ ൅ ܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௔௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ܽ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ݁ ௔௫ ൅ ሺͳ ൅ ܽ‫ݔ‬ሻሺ݁ ௔௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ܽ݁ ௔௫ ൅ ܽሺͳ ൅ ܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௔௫ ൌ
ൌ ሺܽ ൅ ܽ ൅ ܽଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௔௫ ൌ ሺʹܽ ൅ ܽଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௔௫
ଶ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹܽ ൅ ܽଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௔௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹܽ ൅ ܽଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ǡ ܽ ് Ͳ
௔
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚŽĚŽƐŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐƚġŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂെ ͘
௔
ଶ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞെ ௔ ൌ ͵ ฻ ܽ ൌ െ ଷ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϭ
Ϯϲϰ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௧ ൌ ሿͲǡ ͵ሾ

തതതത ൈ஺஼
஼௉ തതതത തതതതିை஼
௫ൈሺை஺ തതതത ሻ ௫ሾ௙ሺଷሻି௙ሺ௫ሻሿ ௫ሾ଻ିሺଶೣ ିଵሻሿ ௫ሾ଼ିଶೣ ሿ ଼௫ି௫ൈଶೣ
ƌĞĂൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ʹ௫ିଵ
ďͿ‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ʹ௫ିଵ ሻᇱ ൌ ሺͶ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ െ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ʹ௫ିଵ ሻᇱ ൌ Ͷ െ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ൈ ሺʹ௫ିଵ ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺʹ௫ିଵ ሻᇱ ሿ ൌ
ൌ Ͷ െ ʹ௫ିଵ െ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹሻ ʹ௫ିଵ ൌ Ͷ െ ʹ௫ିଵ ሾͳ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹሻሿ
ĂƐƚĂĞŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƌƵŵŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĚĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞͲǡʹƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽŵşŶŝŵŽ͕ƉŽƌŵĞŝŽĚĞ‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ͕ƐĞũĂ
ƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞĂĚŽŵĄǆŝŵŽƐĞũĂŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͘


dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͷ െ ሾͳ ൅ ሺʹሻሿ ൎ ʹǡ͵ͳ ൐ Ͳ
‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺʹሻ ൌ Ͷ െ ʹሾͳ ൅ ʹ ሺʹሻሿ ൎ െͲǡ͹͹ ൏ Ͳ
‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺͳǡͺሻ ൌ Ͷ െ ʹ଴ǡ଼ ሾͳ ൅ ͳǡͺ ሺʹሻሿ ൎ ͲǡͲͻ ൐ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂƌĞĨĞƌŝĚĂƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿͳǡͺǢ ʹሾ͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺͳǡ͹ሻ ൎ ͲǡͶ͸ ൐ ͲĞ‫ ݐ‬ᇱ ሺͳǡͻሻ ൎ െͲǡ͵ʹ ൏ Ͳ͕ƵŵŽƵƚƌŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĂŝŶĚŝĐĂƌĐŽŵŽƌĞƐƉŽƐƚĂ
ƉŽĚĞƌŝĂƐĞƌሿͳǡ͹Ǣ ͳǡͻሾ͘
ଵହିଷ
ĐϭͿ݃ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹଶ െ ͳ ൌ ͵Ğ݃ሺͶሻ ൌ ʹସ െ ͳ ൌ ͳͷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ൌ ͸͘
ସିଶ
଺ ଺
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͸ ฻ ሺʹሻ ʹ௫ ൌ ͸ ฻ ʹ௫ ൌ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ቀ ቁ
୪୬ሺଶሻ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
௬ୀଶೣ
௫ ି௫ାଵ ௫ ି௫ ଺
ĐϮͿ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ʹ െ ͳ ൌ ͵ ൈ ʹ ൅Ͷ ฻ʹ െͷെ͸ൈʹ ฏ ‫ ݕ‬െ ͷ െ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ൌͲ ฻
௬
฻ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ͷ‫ ݕ‬െ ͸ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ് ݕ ר‬฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ͸ ฻ ʹ௫ ൌ െͳ ‫ʹ ש‬௫ ൌ ͸ ฻ ʹ௫ ൌ ͸ ฻‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ሺ͸ሻ
݃ሺ ଶ ሺ͸ሻሻ ൌ ʹ୪୭୥మ ሺ଺ሻ െ ͳ ൌ ͸ െ ͳ ൌ ͷ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƉĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽĚŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹ ଶ ሺ͸ሻ ൅ ͳͲ͘
ĐϯͿ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵ ൈ ʹି௫ାଵ ൅ Ͷሻᇱ ൌ ͵ሺʹି௫ାଵ ሻᇱ ൌ െ͵ ሺʹሻ ʹି௫ାଵ

ଶ ଺ ୪୬ሺଶሻ
݄ᇱ ሺ ଶሺ͸ሻሻ ൌ െ͵ ሺʹሻ ʹି ୪୭୥మ ሺ଺ሻାଵ ൌ െ͵ ሺʹሻ ൈ ൌെ ൌ െ ሺʹሻ
ଶౢ౥ౝమሺలሻ ଺
ᇱ ሺ ୪୭୥మ ሺ଺ሻ
݃ ଶ ሺ͸ሻሻ ൌ ሺʹሻ ʹ ൌ ͸ ሺʹሻ
ᇱ ሺ ሺ͸ሻሻ ଵ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݄ ଶ ് െ ᇲ ሺ୪୭୥ ሺ଺ሻሻ͕ĂƐƌĞƚĂƐŶĆŽƐĆŽƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌĞƐ͘
௚ మ
ĚͿ;Ϳ
භ௫ืାஶ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶሺ͵ ൈ ʹି௫ାଵ ൅ Ͷሻ ൌ ͵ ൈ Ͳ ൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠ
ǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
௛ሺ௫ሻ ଷൈଶషೣశభ ାସ ସ
භ௫ืାஶ ௚ሺ௫ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ଶೣ ିଵ
ൌ
ାஶ
ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
௛ሺ௫ሻ ଷൈଶ షೣశభ ାସ ଵ଴
භ௫ื଴ష ௫
ൌ ௫ื଴ష ൌ ష ൌ െλ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
௫ ଴

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϮ
భ
ᇱ ᇱ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
భ భ
ଵ ᇱ భ ଵ భ
௘ೣ
Ϯϲϱ͘ĂͿ݂ ൌ ቀʹ െ ݁ ቁ ൌ െ ቀ݁ ቁ ൌ
ೣ ೣ ൌ െ ቀ ቁ ݁ೣ
ൌ െ ቀെ మ ቁ ݁ ೣ
௫ ௫ ௫మ
ᇱ
݂ ĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞŵƚŽĚŽŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿെλǡ ͲሾĞĞŵሿͲǡ ൅λሾĞŶĆŽƚĞŵ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ͘
ďͿභƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ̳ሼͲሽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĂĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
భ
௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ቀʹ െ ݁ ೣ ቁ ൌ ʹ െ ݁ ିஶ ൌ ʹ
భ
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ቀʹ െ ݁ ೣ ቁ ൌ ʹ െ ݁ ାஶ ൌ െλ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
భ ష
௫ืିஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିஶ ቀʹ െ ݁ ೣ ቁ ൌ ʹ െ ݁ ଴ ൌ ʹ െ ͳି ൌ ͳା
భ శ
௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀʹ െ ݁ ೣ ቁ ൌ ʹ െ ݁ ଴ ൌ ʹ െ ͳା ൌ ͳି
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ĞŵെλĞĞŵ൅λ͘


ĐͿŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሿെλǡ ʹሿ̳ሼͳሽ
ĚϭͿ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሿെλǡ ʹሿ̳ሼͳሽ͕‫ܦ‬௚ᇱ ൌ ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲሽĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳĞ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͲƐĆŽĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐ
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘
భ భ
ଵ ଵ
ĚϮͿʹ െ ݁ ೣ ൌ ‫ ݕ‬฻ ݁ ೣ ൌ ʹ െ ‫ ݕ‬฻ ௫ ൌ ሺʹ െ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ୪୬ሺଶି௬ሻ
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĂůƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ ሿെλǡ ʹሿ̳ሼͳሽĞ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
୪୬ሺଶି௫ሻ
భ ᇲ ᇲ భ
భ ᇱ ቆ௘ ೣ ቇ ௫ మ ି൫௫ మ ൯ ௘ ೣ
భ
భ
భ భ భ భ
௘ೣ ௘ ೣ ൈቀି మቁ௫ మ ିଶ௫௘ ೣ ି௘ ೣ ିଶ௫௘ ೣ ି௘ ೣ ሺଵାଶ௫ሻ
ĞͿ݂ ൌ ቆ௫ మ ቇ ൌ ௫ర
ൌ ೣ
௫ర
ൌ ௫ ర ൌ ௫ ర
భ
ି௘ ೣ ሺଵାଶ௫ሻ ଵ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ
௫ర ଶ

ଵ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቃെλǡ െ ଶቃ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ଵ ଵ
ďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂെ ǡ ͲቂĞĞŵሿͲǡ ൅λሾĞƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂŝŐƵĂůĂെ
ଶ ଶ
ĨͿŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞƵŵĞƐďŽĕŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ġ͗
ŐͿ;Ϳ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄ĠŽƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂĚŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƉŽƌŵĞŝŽĚĂƚƌĂŶƐůĂĕĆŽĂƐƐŽĐŝĂĚĂĂŽǀĞƚŽƌĚĞ
ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെͳǡ ʹሻ͘
ŚͿ
ŝͿ


ũͿ

௘భ
ŬͿĂĚŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾͳǡʹሿ͕ƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺͳሻ ൌ ଵమ
ൌ ݁ ൐ ͳĞƋƵĞ
భ
௘మ ξ௘
݂ ᇱ ሺʹሻ ൌ మ ൌ ൏ ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞ͕ƉĞůŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇ͕ƋƵĞ‫ א ܿ׌‬ሿͳǡʹሾǣ ݂ ᇱ ሺܿሻ ൌ ͳ͕
ଶ ସ
ŽƋƵĞĠĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚĞĂƉƌŽǀĂƌŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚŝĚŽ͘
భ భ
ଵ ଵ ଵି௫
ůͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൒ ݂ሺͳሻ ฻ ʹ െ ݁ ೣ ൒ ʹ െ ݁ ฻ ݁ ೣ ൑ ݁ ฻ ௫ ൑ ͳ ฻ ௫ െ ͳ ൑ Ͳ ฻ ௫
൑ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെλǡ Ͳሾ ‫ ׫‬ሾͳǡ ൅λሾ
ŵͿ;Ϳ
dĞŵƋƵĞƐĞƌ݆ሺͲሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ݆ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ͘
ŶͿ;Ϳ
‫ܦ‬భ ൌ ൛‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ܦ א ݔ‬௙ ‫݂ ר‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳൟ ൌ
೑
ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
భ భ
ଵ
݂ͮሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ݁ ೣ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ೣ ൌ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ሺ݁ሻ
୪୬ሺଶሻ
ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ് ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ‬ଶ ሺ݁ሻሽ ൌ Թ̳ሼͲǡ ଶ ሺ݁ሻሽ

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϯ
మ ᇱ మ మ
Ϯϲϲ͘ĂͿ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ൫݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ൯ ൌ ሺͲǡͶ‫ ݐ‬െ ͲǡͲͳ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ൌ ሺͲǡͶ െ ͲǡͲʹ‫ݐ‬ሻ݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧
మ
݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺͲǡͶ െ ͲǡͲʹ‫ݐ‬ሻ݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͲǡͶ െ ͲǡͲʹ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹͲ
మ

dĞŵͲƐĞ݃ሺʹͲሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ǡସൈଶ଴ି଴ǡ଴ଵൈଶ଴ ൌ ݁ ସ ൎ ͷͶǡͷͻͺ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŵĞƌĂĚĞ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕
ͷͷΨ͘
మ
ďͿ݃ሺʹʹሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ǡସൈଶଶି଴ǡ଴ଵൈଶଶ ൌ ݁ ଷǡଽ଺ ൎ ͷʹǡͶͷ͹͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŵŶĞƐƚĞĚŝĂĞƌĂĚĞ͕
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ͷʹΨ͘
ŶƚĆŽƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භEŽϮϬŽĚŝĂŚĂǀŝĂͷͶǡͷͻͺΨĚĞƉĞƐƐŽĂƐĚŽĞŶƚĞƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͷͶ͸ͲƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͘
භEŽϮϮŽĚŝĂŚĂǀŝĂͷʹǡͶͷ͹ΨĚĞƉĞƐƐŽĂƐĚŽĞŶƚĞƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͷʹͶ͸ƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͘
WŽƌŝƐƐŽ͕ĐŽŵŽĂŝŶĚĂĂĚŽĞĐĞƌĂŵϮϬƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͕ĚĞŝǆĂƌĂŵĚĞĞƐƚĂƌĚŽĞŶƚĞƐሺͷͶ͸Ͳ ൅ ʹͲሻ െ ͷʹͶ͸ƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͕
ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ʹ͵Ͷ͘


మ
ĐͿ݃ሺʹሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ǡସൈଶି଴ǡ଴ଵൈଶ ൌ ݁ ଴ǡ଻଺ ൎ ʹǡͳ͵ͺ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽĚŝĂŚĂǀŝĂʹͳͶƉĞƐƐŽĂƐĚŽĞŶƚĞƐ͘
మ
݃ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ݁ ଴ǡସൈଷି଴ǡ଴ଵൈଷ ൌ ݁ ଵǡଵଵ ൎ ͵ǡͲ͵Ͷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĚŝĂŚĂǀŝĂ͵Ͳ͵ƉĞƐƐŽĂƐĚŽĞŶƚĞƐ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŶŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĚŝĂĂĚŽĞĐĞƌĂŵͺͻƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĂƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƋƵĞƵŵĂƉĞƐƐŽĂĚŽĞŶƚĞŶŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĚŝĂƚĞŶŚĂĂĚŽĞĐŝĚŽŶĞƐƐĞĚŝĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ
଼ଽ
ൎ Ͳǡ͵͘
ଷ଴ଷ
మ
௘ బǡర೟షబǡబభ೟ మ
ĚͿ݀ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͲͲͲͲ ൈ ൌ ͳͲͲ݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧
ଵ଴଴
ᇱ ᇱ
଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ మ మ మ
݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ͳͲͲ݁ ൯ ൌ ͳͲͲ൫݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ൯ ൌ ͳͲͲሺͲǡͶ‫ ݐ‬െ ͲǡͲͳ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧ ൌ
మ
ൌ ͳͲͲሺͲǡͶ െ ͲǡͲʹ‫ݐ‬ሻ݁ ଴ǡସ௧ି଴ǡ଴ଵ௧
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ݀ᇱ ሺͷሻ ൌ ͳͲͲሺͲǡͶ െ ͲǡͲʹ ൈ ͷሻ݁ ଴ǡସൈହି଴ǡ଴ଵൈଶହ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ Ͳǡ͵ ൈ ݁ ଵǡ଻ହ ൎ ͳ͹ʹǡ͸͵ͺ͕ŶŽƋƵŝŶƚŽ
ĚŝĂ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĚŽĞŶƚĞƐĞƐƚĂǀĂĂĂƵŵĞŶƚĂƌăƚĂǆĂĚĞĐĞƌĐĂĚĞͳ͹͵ĚŽĞŶƚĞƐƉŽƌĚŝĂ͘

ଷ௘ బǡఱ೟
Ϯϲϳ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟
ᇱ ᇲ ᇲ
ଷ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫ଷ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ିଷ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯
ĂϭͿ‫ ܫ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻమ
ଷൈ଴ǡହൈ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ିଷ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫଴ǡଶൈ଴ǡହൈ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ ଵǡହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ା଴ǡଷ௘ ି଴ǡଷ௘ ೟
೟ ଵǡହ௘ బǡఱ೟
ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻ మ ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻ మ ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻమ

ᇱ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܫ‬ĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܫ‬ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘
ଷ௘ బǡఱ೟
ĂϮͿ ൌ ͷ ฻ ͵݁ ଴ǡହ௧ ൌ ͷ ൅ ݁ ଴ǡହ௧ ฻ ʹ݁ ଴ǡହ௧ ൌ ͷ ฻ ݁ ଴ǡହ௧ ൌ ʹǡͷ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹ ሺʹǡͷሻ
ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͳǡͺ͵ʹͷͺ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƚĂůŽĐŽƌƌĞƵĂŽĨŝŵĚĞĐĞƌĐĂĚĞϭĂŶŽĞϭϬŵĞƐĞƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ŶŽŝŶşĐŝŽĚĞ
ŶŽǀĞŵďƌŽĚĞϭϵϲϭ͘
ĂϯͿĞƉŝĚĞŵŝĂĐŽŵĞĕĂĂƐĞƌĐŽŶƚƌŽůĂĚŽŶŽŵŽŵĞŶƚŽĞŵƋƵĞĂƚĂǆĂĚĞǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĚŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞĚŽĞŶƚĞƐ
ĐŽŵĞĕĂĂĚŝŵŝŶƵŝƌ͘
ᇱ ᇲ మ మ ᇲ
ଵǡହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫ଵǡହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ ିଵǡହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ቂ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ ቃ
‫ܫ‬ ൌ ቀሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻమ ቁ ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻర
ൌ
బǡఱ೟ బǡఱ೟ మ బǡఱ೟ బǡఱ೟
଴ǡ଻ହ௘ ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ ൯ ିଵǡହ௘ ൈଶ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ ൯ൈ൫଴ǡଵ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ ଴ǡ଻ହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫ଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯ି଴ǡଷ௘ ೟
ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻర
ൌ
ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻయ
ൌ
଴ǡ଻ହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ା଴ǡଵହ௘ ೟ ି଴ǡଷ௘ ೟ ଴ǡ଻ହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ି଴ǡଵହ௘ ೟ ଴ǡଵହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫ହି௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯
ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻయ
ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻయ ൌ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻయ
଴ǡଵହ௘ బǡఱ೟ ൫ହି௘ బǡఱ೟ ൯
‫ ܫ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଵା଴ǡଶ௘ బǡఱ೟ ሻయ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͳǡͳͷ݁ ଴ǡହ௧ ሺͷ െ ݁ ଴ǡହ௧ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͷ െ ݁ ଴ǡହ௧ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹ ሺͷሻ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ ݐ‬ൎ ͵ǡʹͳͺͻ͕ƚĂůŽĐŽƌƌĞƵĂŽĨŝŵĚĞĐĞƌĐĂĚĞϯĂŶŽƐĞϮ͕ϲŵĞƐĞƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ĂŽůŽŶŐŽĚŽ
ƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽŵġƐĚŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽĂŶŽ͕ŽƋƵĞƋƵĞƌĚŝǌĞƌ͕ĂŽůŽŶŐŽĚŽŵġƐĚĞŵĂƌĕŽĚĞϭϵϲϯ͘
ଷ௘ ೖ ଵ
ďͿ‫ܫ‬ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଵା௣௘ ೖ ൌ ͳ ฻ ͵݁ ௞ ൌ ͳ ൅ ‫ ݁݌‬௞ ฻ ͵݁ ௞ െ ‫ ݁݌‬௞ ൌ ͳ ฻ ݁ ௞ ൌ ฻
ଷି௣
ଵ
฻ ݇ ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ ݇ ൌ െ ሺ͵ െ ‫݌‬ሻ
ଷି௣


WĄŐ͘ϭϴϰ
Ϯϲϴ͘ĂͿ x 2 − x + 1 ŶĆŽƚĞŵƌĂşǌĞƐ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ∀x ∈ \, f ′( x) > 0 ͘
1
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ a = f ′(1) ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ b = − −1 = −e ͖ −e ĠŽĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĞƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌƌĞƚĂƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌăƌĞƚĂ
e
ƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂϭ͘
ĐͿKŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ ]−∞,1] ĞĞŵ [2,+∞[ ĞƚĞŵĂ

ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ [1,2] ͖ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĚŽŝƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͕ƵŵĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂϭĞƵŵĐŽŵ
ĂďĐŝƐƐĂϮ͘

ଵା௫
Ϯϲϵ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ൐ Ͳቅ ൌ ሿെͳǡͳሾ
ଵି௫
భశೣ ᇲ భషೣషሺషభሻሺభశೣሻ మ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଵା௫ ᇱ ቀ ቁ ሺభషೣሻమ ଶ ଶ
݂ ൌ ቂʹ ൅ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ భషೣ
భశೣ ൌ భశೣ ൌ భషೣ
ൌ ሺଵି௫ሻሺଵା௫ሻ ൌ
ଵି௫ ଵା௫ ଵି௫ మ
భషೣ భషೣ
ŽŵŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെͳǡͳሾ͕݂ ᇱ ĠƐĞŵƉƌĞƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͕݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘
ଵାଵି௠ ଶି௠ ଶି௠

ďͿ݂ሺͳ െ ݉ሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ʹ ൅ ቀଵିሺଵି௠ሻቁ ൌ ʹ ฻ ቀ ௠
ቁ ൌͲ฻
௠
ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ െ ݉ ൌ ݉ ฻
฻ ݉ ൌ ͳ
ଶ ᇱ ିଶሺିଶ௫ሻ ସ௫
ĐͿභ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ మ ቁ ൌ ሺଵି௫ మ ሻమ
ൌ ሺଵି௫మ ሻమ
ଵି௫
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿെͳǡͲሿ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵሾͲǡͳሾĞƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĐŽŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂŝŐƵĂůĂͲ
භKŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ŶĆŽƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐƉŽƌƋƵĞŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠŵĂũŽƌĂĚŽĞŵŝŶŽƌĂĚŽ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿെͳǡ ͳሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƐĆŽ
ĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĂƐĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଵା௫ ଴శ
௫ืିଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିଵశ ቂʹ ൅ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ʹ ൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ െλ
ଵି௫ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů͘
ଵା௫ ଶ
௫ืଵష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵష ቂʹ ൅ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ʹ ൅ ቀ శቁ ൌ ൅λ
ଵି௫ ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů͘


௘ షೣ ξଵି௫ିଵ ௘ షೣ ξଵି௫ିଵ
ϮϳϬ͘ĂͿභ௫ื଴ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ௫ื଴ష ൅ ᇣᇧ
ᇧ ష
ᇧᇧᇤᇧ
௫ื଴ ᇧᇧᇧᇥ ൌ
ଶ ௫ ଶ ௫
బ
బ
ଵ ൫ξଵି௫ିଵ൯൫ξଵି௫ାଵ൯ ଵ ି௫ ଵ ିଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ൅ ௫ื଴ష ൌ ൅ ௫ื଴ష ൌ ൅ ௫ื଴ష ൌ െ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ ௫൫ξଵି௫ାଵ൯ ଶ ௫൫ξଵି௫ାଵ൯ ଶ ξ ଵି௫ାଵ ଶ ଶ
௫ ଴
භ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ భ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
ଵା௘ శಮ
ଵା௘ ೣ
භ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵϬ͘
ೣ
భ
௙ሺ௫ሻ భశ೐ೣ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ďͿ௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ௫ืାஶ ൌ ௫ืାஶ భ ൌ ൌ
௫ ଵା௘ బ ଶ
ଵା௘ ೣ
ஶିஶ
ଵ ௫ ௫ ଵ ଵ ଶିଵି௘ ೤
௫ืାஶ ቂ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൬ భ െ ൰ ฏ
ൌ
ณ ௬ื଴ ቂ െ ቃ ൌ ௬ื଴ ቂ ቃ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ௬ሺଵା௘ ೤ ሻ ଶ௬ ଶ௬ሺଵା௘ ೤ ሻ
ଵା௘ ೣ భ
௬ୀ
ೣ
ͳ െ ݁௬ ͳ ݁௬ െ ͳ ͳ ͳ ݁௬ െ ͳ ͳ
ൌ ൤ ൨ ൌ െ ൤ ൈ ൨ ൌ െ ൈ ൈ ൌ
௬ื଴ ʹ‫ݕ‬ሺͳ ൅ ݁ ௬ ሻ ʹ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ ͳ ൅ ݁௬ ʹ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ ௬ื଴ ͳ ൅ ݁ ௬
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ െ ൈ ͳ ൈ ൌ െ
ଶ ଶ ସ
ଵ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĕĆŽĚĞ݂ĂԹା ͘
ଶ ସ

ೣ ೣ
Ϯϳϭ͘ĂͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ మ ൅ ݁ ିమ
ೣ ೣ ೣ
ଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ݁ మ ൅ ݁ ିమ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ݁ మ ൅
ೣ
ೣ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ͮ݁ మ ൌ ‫ݕ‬
௘మ
ଵ ସേξଵଶ
ด ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ Ͷ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ
฻‫ݕ‬൅ ൌͶ฻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ξ͵ ฻
௬ ଶ
௬ஷ଴
ೣ ೣ
฻ ݁ ൌ ʹ െ ξ͵ ‫ ݁ ש‬మ ൌ ʹ ൅ ξ͵ ฻฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൫ʹ െ ξ͵൯ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ ൫ʹ ൅ ξ͵൯
మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂ͕ĞŵŵĞƚƌŽƐ͕ĞŶƚƌĞŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹ ൫ʹ ൅ ξ͵൯ െ ʹ ൫ʹ െ ξ͵൯

dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ʹ ൫ʹ ൅ ξ͵൯ െ ʹ ൫ʹ െ ξ͵൯ ൌ ʹൣ൫ʹ ൅ ξ͵൯ െ ൫ʹ െ ξ͵൯൧ ൌ
ଶାξଷ ଶାξଷ ଶ
ൌ ʹ ቀଶି ଷቁ ൌ ͮ
ଶିξଷ
ൌ ൫ʹ ൅ ξ͵൯
ξ
ଶ
ൌ ʹ ൫ʹ ൅ ξ͵൯ ൌ Ͷ ൫ʹ ൅ ξ͵൯

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϱ
ೣ ೣ ᇱ
ଵ ೣ ଵ ೣ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ݁ మ ൅ ݁ ିమ ቁ ൌ ݁ మ െ ݁ ିమ
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ೣ ଵ ೣ ೣ ೣ
௫ ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ మ െ ݁ ିమ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ మ ൌ ݁ ିమ ฻ ൌ െ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ


మఱ మఱ
௔
ĐͿ݂ሺʹͷሻ ൌ ͷͲ ฻ ቀ݁ ೌ ൅ ݁ ି ೌ ቁ ൌ ͷͲ
ଶ
మఱ మఱ
௫
ƐďŽĕĂŶĚŽ͕ƐŽďƌĞƉŽƐƚŽƐ͕ŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ଶ ቀ݁ ೣ ൅ ݁ ି ೣ ቁĞ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͷͲ͕
ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞ͗
y
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
−20 −10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10
−10
KƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽƚġŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ;ŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐĚĞܽƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚŽƐͿĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂŝƐĂͳͳǡ͹ͷĞ
ͶʹǡͶʹ͘
ఱబ ఱబ
௔
ĚͿ݂ሺͷͲሻ െ ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͳͲ ฻ ቀ݁ ೌ ൅ ݁ ି ೌ ቁ െ ܽ ൌ ͳͲ
ଶ
ఱబ ఱబ
௫
ƐďŽĕĂŶĚŽ͕ƐŽďƌĞƉŽƐƚŽƐ͕ŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ଶ ቀ݁ ೣ ൅ ݁ ି ೣ ቁ െ ‫ݔ‬Ğ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳͲ͕ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞ͗
y
30
20
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 15
10
KƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽƚĞŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂ;ŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܽƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚŽͿĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂůĂͳʹ͸ǡ͸͵͘


e x − 1 = ( x + 2,5)ln( x + 2,5) ∧ x < 0
ϮϳϮ͘KƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƉŽĚĞƐĞƌƚƌĂĚƵǌŝĚŽƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ Ğܾ ൌ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͘
e3 x − 1
௘ ೣ ିଵ
ƐďŽĕĂŶĚŽ͕ƐŽďƌĞƉŽƐƚŽƐ͕ŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ యೣ Ğ
௘ ିଵ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹǡͷሻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹǡͷሻ͕ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞ͗

KƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ͕ĂƌƌĞĚŽŶĚĂĚĂăƐĐĞŶƚĠƐŝŵĂƐ͕ĠെͲǡͻ͹ĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽ
ƉŽŶƚŽ͕ĂƌƌĞĚŽŶĚĂĚĂăƐĐĞŶƚĠƐŝŵĂƐ͕Ġ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŝŐƵĂůĂെͲǡͻ͹ ൅ ʹǡͷ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͳǡͷ͵͘
KǀĂůŽƌĚĞď͕ĂƌƌĞĚŽŶĚĂĚŽăƐĚĠĐŝŵĂƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݂ሺെͲǡͻ͹ሻ ൌ ݂ሺͳǡͷ͵ሻ ൎ Ͳǡ͹͘
e x−2,5 − 1 = xln( x) ∧ x > 0
KƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƉŽĚĞƌŝĂŝŐƵĂůŵĞŶƚĞƚĞƌƐŝĚŽƚƌĂĚƵǌŝĚŽƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ Ğ
e3( x −2,5) − 1
ܾ ൌ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͘

మ
Ϯϳϯ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ ͲĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ͘ĄƌĞĂ͕͕ܵĚŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĠĚĂĚĂƉŽƌܵሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ ͘
භĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŵŽƐŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ‫ݔ‬ƋƵĞĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĂŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĚĞĄƌĞĂŵĄǆŝŵĂ͗
మ ᇱ మ మ ᇱ మ మ మ
ܵ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫ʹ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ ൯ ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ݁ ି௫ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬൫݁ ି௫ ൯ ൌ ʹ݁ ି௫ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି௫ ൌ ሺʹ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ି௫
మ ξଶ
ܵ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݁ ି௫ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ด‫ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ
௫வ଴

ξଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଶ
തതതത͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞŽƉŽŶƚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂെ ξଶ͘
തതതത ൌ ‫ܱܥ‬
ŽŵŽ݂ĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉĂƌ͕ܱ‫ܤ‬
ଶ
භĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŵŽƐĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĚŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͗
మ ᇱ మ మ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫݁ ି௫ ൯ ൌ ሺെ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ ݁ ି௫ ൌ െʹ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ ൌ െܵሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െܵ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͕ŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͗


ξଶ ξଶ
ŽŵŽ݂ĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉĂƌ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĐƵũĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐƐĆŽെ Ğ ଶ ƐĆŽ
ଶ
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĆŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ −
2 Ğ 2 ͕ƋƵĞƐĆŽƚĂŵďĠŵŽƐ
2 2
ǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐĚŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽƋƵĞƚĞŵĄƌĞĂŵĄǆŝŵĂ͘

ᇱ ᇱ
Ϯϳϰ͘ĂͿභ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൫‫ ݁ݔ‬௞௫ ൯ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൅ ‫ݔ‬൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൌ ݁ ௞௫ ൅ ݇‫ ݁ݔ‬௞௫ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௞௫
ᇱ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺͳ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௞௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൅ ሺͳ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൌ ݇݁ ௞௫ ൅ ሺͳ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ݇݁ ௞௫ ൌ
ൌ ሺʹ݇ ൅ ݇ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௞௫ ൌ ݇ሺʹ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௞௫
ᇱ
භ݂ ᇱᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݇ሺʹ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௞௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሾሺʹ݇ ൅ ݇ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௞௫ ሿᇱ ൌ ሺʹ݇ ൅ ݇ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൅ ሺʹ݇ ൅ ݇ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ൫݁ ௞௫ ൯ ൌ
ൌ ݇ ଶ ݁ ௞௫ ൅ ሺʹ݇ ൅ ݇ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݇݁ ௞௫ ൌ ሺ͵݇ ൅ ݇ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݇݁ ௞௫ ൌ ݇ ଶ ሺ͵ ൅ ݇‫ݔ‬ሻ݁ ௞௫
ďͿŽŶũĞƚƵƌĂ͗ ∀n ∈ `, f ( x) = k (n + kx)e
( n) n−1 kx
sĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĕĆŽĚĂǀĂůŝĚĂĚĞĚĂĐŽŶũĞƚƵƌĂ͘
^ĞũĂ P ( n ) ĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ f ( n ) ( x) = k n −1 (n + kx)ekx ͘
0 kx kx
භ P(1) ⇔ f ′( x) = k (1 + kx)e ⇔ f ′( x) = (1 + kx)e ͕ƋƵĞĠƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
භ^ĞũĂŶƵŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂů͘
,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞĚĞŝŶĚƵĕĆŽ͗ f ( n ) ( x) = k n −1 (n + kx)ekx
( n+1)
dĞƐĞĚĞŝŶĚƵĕĆŽ͗ f ( x) = k n (n + 1 + kx)ekx
′ ′ ′
f ( n+1) ( x) = ª¬ f ( n ) ( x)º¼ = ª¬k n−1 (n + kx)ekx º¼ = k n−1 ª¬(n + kx)e kx º¼ =
= k n −1 × ¬ªke kx + kekx (n + kx)¼º = k n−1 × kekx ¬ªke kx (1 + n + kx)¼º = k n e kx (n + 1 + kx)
ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĠǀĄůŝĚĂƉĂƌĂ n = 1 ĞĠŚĞƌĞĚŝƚĄƌŝĂ͕ůŽŐŽ͕ĠƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϱ

ͨKƐƐĞŝƐŵĂŝƐͩ

Ϯϳϱ͘

Ϯϳϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ g ′( x) = −
1 ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ∀x ∈ \ + , g ′( x) < 0 ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g
2
x ( x + 1)
ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘ŽŵŽ lim g ( x) = 0 ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∀x ∈ \ + , g ( x) > 0 ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
x →+∞
x ( )
∀x ∈ \ + , 1 > ln x + 1 ͘
x


ଵ
Ϯϳϳ͘ĂͿභ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ
௫
ଵ ᇱ ିଵൈ௫ ᇲ ଵ
භ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ మ ൌ െ మ
௫ ௫ ௫
ᇲ
ଵ ᇱ ିଵൈ൫௫ మ ൯ ଶ௫ ଶ
භ݂ ᇱᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀെ మ ቁ ൌ െ ൌ ర ൌ య
௫ ௫ర ௫ ௫
ᇲ
ଶ ᇱ ିଶൈ൫௫ య ൯ ଺௫ మ ଺
භ݂ ሺସሻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ య ቁ ൌ ల ൌ െ ൌ െ ర
௫ ௫ ௫ల ௫
( n) n −1 (n − 1)!
ďͿŽŶũĞƚƵƌĂ͗ f ( x) = (−1)
xn
dĞƌͲƐĞͲĄ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĞƐƚĂĐŽŶũĞƚƵƌĂ͕ f (5) ( x ) = ( −1) 4
4! = 24 ͘
x5 x5
§ 6 ·′ −6 × 4 x3 = 24 ͘
(5) (4)
(
KƌĂ͕ f ( x) = f ( x) = ¨ − )′ ¸
© x4 ¹
= −
x8 x5
( n) n −1 (n − 1)!
ĐͿ^ĞũĂ P ( n ) ĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ f ( x) = (−1) ͘
xn
භ P (1) ⇔ f ′( x ) = ( −1) 0 0!1 ⇔ f ′( x ) = 1 ͕ƋƵĞĠƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘
x x
භ^ĞũĂŶƵŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂů͘
( n) n −1 (n − 1)!
,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞĚĞŝŶĚƵĕĆŽ͗ f ( x) = (−1)
xn
dĞƐĞĚĞŝŶĚƵĕĆŽ͗ f ( n+1) ( x) = ( −1) n
n!
x n+1
′ ª (n −1)!º′ § ·′
f ( n+1) ( x) = ª¬ f (n) ( x)º¼ = «(−1)n−1 n » = (−1)n−1 (n − 1)!¨ 1n ¸ =
¬ x ¼ ©x ¹
n −1
= (−1) n −1 ( n − 1)!−1× nx = ( − 1) n −1
× ( − 1)( n − 1)!× n x n −1 =
x2n x2n
= (−1)n × n!× 2n1−n +1 = (−1)n nn+!1
x x
ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĠǀĄůŝĚĂƉĂƌĂ n = 1 ĞĠŚĞƌĞĚŝƚĄƌŝĂ͕ůŽŐŽ͕ĠƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů͘

భ
భ ୪୬ቆ௫ ೣ ቇ భ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
Ϯϳϴ͘ĂͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ೣൈ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ൌ ݁ ೣ
ᇱ భ
ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ᇱ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ሾ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሿᇲ ൈ௫ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻൈ௫ ᇲ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ൈ௫ି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ౢ౤ሺೣሻ
ďϭͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൬݁ ೣ ൰ ൌቀ ௫
ቁ ݁ ೣ ൌ
௫మ
݁ ೣ ൌೣ ௫మ
݁ ೣ ൌ
భ
ଵି୪୬ሺ௫ሻ భ ௫ೣ
ൌ ௫మ
‫ ݔ‬ೣ ൌ ௫ మ ሾͳ െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ
భ భ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ௫ೣ ௫ೣ
݂ ൌͲ฻ ሾͳ
െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ש‬െ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻
௫మ ௫మ
฻ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݁


ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሿͲǡ ݁ሿĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵሾ݁ǡ ൅λሾ͘
ďϮͿභƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹା ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĐĂŶĚŝĚĂƚĂĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ౢ౤ሺೣሻ ಮ
௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ି బ ൌ ݁ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
௫ืାஶ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ݁ ೣ ൌ ݁ ୪୧୫ೣืశಮ ೣ ൌ ݁ ଴ ൌ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂Ğŵ൅λ͘

Ϯϳϵ͘^ĞũĂ a ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ P ͘
භƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂ‫ܤܣ‬
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ܲሺܽǡ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻሻ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺͳͲ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ െ ൌ ͘
ଵ଴ି௫ ଵ଴ି௔ ௔ିଵ଴
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂ‫ܤܣ‬ĠĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬െ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ െ ܽሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ
௔ିଵ଴
ƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞĠ y =
1 x + ln(10 − a ) + a ͘
a − 10 10 − a
തതതത
භܱ‫ܣ‬
ଵ ௔ ଵ ௔
Ͳ ൌ ௔ିଵ଴ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ ൅ ଵ଴ି௔ ฻ ௔ିଵ଴ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ െ ଵ଴ି௔ ฻
௔ሺ௔ିଵ଴ሻ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െሺܽ െ ͳͲሻ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ െ ଵ଴ି௔ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ ൅ ܽ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ܽ െ ሺܽ െ ͳͲሻ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ
തതതത ൌ ܽ െ ሺܽ െ ͳͲሻ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܱ‫ܣ‬
തതതത
භܱ‫ ܤ‬
ଵ ௔ ௔
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ௔ିଵ଴ ൈ Ͳ ൅ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ ൅ ଵ଴ି௔ ൌ ሺͳͲ െ ܽሻ ൅ ଵ଴ି௔
භƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽ
hŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽĚĂĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĠ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
(ln(10 − a) + 10a− a )[a − ln(10 − a)(a −10)] ͘
2


ೌ
ቂ୪୬ሺଵ଴ି௔ሻା ቃሾ௔ିሺ௔ିଵ଴ሻ ୪୬ሺଵ଴ି௔ሻሿ
ƐďŽĕĂŶĚŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂ͕ĞŵሾͲǡ ͻሿ͕ƉŽƌ‫ ݕ‬ൌ భబషೌ
ଶ
͕
ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞ͗
49 y
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2 x

1
KƉŽŶƚŽĞŵƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂƚŝŶŐĞŽŵşŶŝŵŽƚĞŵĂďĐŝƐƐĂĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂůĂͷǡͺ͹͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϳ
ϮϴϬ͘ĂͿ^ĞũĂĐĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽW͘
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞĨŶŽƉŽŶƚŽWĠ y = ke c x + (1 − ck )e c ͘
ck − 1
ƐƚĂƌĞƚĂŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂ ͘
k
ƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽĂƋƵĞŽƉŽŶƚŽsĞƐƚĄƐĞŵƉƌĞăĚŝƌĞŝƚĂĚĞd͕ƋƵĞƌŬƐĞũĂƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͕ƋƵĞƌŬƐĞũĂŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽ͕
ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ck − 1 1
TV = c − = ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞĂĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂĞŶƚƌĞŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐsĞdĠĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ͘
k k
ďͿ^ĞũĂ g ( x) = e kx , k ≠ 0 ĞƐĞũĂĐĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽW͘
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞŐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽWĠ y = kekc x + (1 − ck )e kc ͘
ck − 1
ƐƚĂƌĞƚĂŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂ ͘
k
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ck − 1 1 1
TV = c − = ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ a = ͘
k k k
1 1
ŶƚĆŽ͕ a = 2 ⇔ k = ∨ k = − ͘
2 2

dĞŵĂϱͮdƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĞƚƌŝĂĞ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐdƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂƐ

ϭ͘&ſƌŵƵůĂƐƚƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂƐ

WĄŐ͘ϲ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ࢉ࢕࢙ሺࢻ െ ࢼሻ
గ గ గ ξଷ
ĂͿ ቀ െ ቁ ൌ ൌ
ଶ ଷ ଺ ଶ
గ గ ଵ ଵ
ďͿ ቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ െ ൌ െ
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଶ
EĆŽ͕ƚĂůĐŽŵŽĚĞĐŽƌƌĞĚŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐĞŵƋƵĞƐĞǀĞƌŝĨŝĐŽƵƋƵĞ
గ గ గ గ
ቀ െ ቁ ് ቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁ͘
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ

గ గ గ గ గ గ గ ξଶ ଵ ξଶ ξଷ ξଶାξ଺
ϭ͘ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ െ ቁ ൌ ൅ ൌ ൈ ൅ ൈ ଶ ൌ
ଵଶ ସ ଺ ସ ଺ ସ ଺ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϳ
Ϯ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ

ଵ ξଵହ ξଵହ
ϯ͘ĂͿଶ ߚ ൅ ଶ ߚ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൅ ଶ ߚ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߚ ൌ േ
͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߚ ൌെ ͘
ଵ଺ ସ ସ
ଵ ξଵହ ξଵହ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ሺʹߚሻ ൌ ʹ ߚ ߚ ൌ ʹ ൈ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െ
ସ ସ ଼
ଶ ଶ ଵହ ଵ ଵସ ଻
Ğ ሺʹߚሻ ൌ ߚ െ ߚ ൌ െ ൌ ൌ
ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଵ଺ ଼


ଵ ଵ ଵ
ଶ ߙ െ ଶ ߙ ൌ
ሺʹߙሻ ൌ െ ଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ െ
ďͿቊ ସ ฻ቊ ସ ฻ቊ ସ ฻
ଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ
ଵ ଷ ଷ
െ ଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ െ ସ ʹ ଶ ߙ ൌ
ߙ ൌ ට
฻ቊ ฻ቊ ସ ฻ด ቐ ଼
ଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ଶ ଶ
ߙ ൅ ߙ ൌ ͳ ଴ழఈழഏ ଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ
మ
ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߙ ൌ ට଼͘

଻గ గ ଻గ గ ଻గ
ϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ͹ൈቀ െ ቁൌ ͘ െ
ଵଶ ସ ଺ ଺ ସ
గ గ గ గ గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ൅ ൌ ቀ െ ቁ ൅ ቀ െ ቁ ൌ
ଵଶ ଵଶ ସ ଺ ସ ଺
గ గ గ గ గ గ గ గ
ൌ െ ൅ ൅ ൌ
ସ ଺ ଺ ସ ସ ଺ ସ ଺
ξଶ గ ξଶ గ ξଶ గ ξଶ గ ξଶ గ ξଶ ଵ ξଶ
ൌ െ ൅ ൅ ൌ ʹ ൈ ൌ ʹൈ ൈ ൌ
ଶ ଺ ଶ ଺ ଶ ଺ ଶ ଺ ଶ ଺ ଶ ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϴ
ϱ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ


ଵ ξଷ ଵ గ గ ଵ గ గ
ϲ͘ĂͿ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ ቀ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଷ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଷ
గ గ గ గ ଶగ
฻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ש‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ଵ ξଷ గ గ
ďͿ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଷ ଷ
గ గ గ గ
ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଺

WĄŐ͘ϵ
ϳ͘ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͵ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ฻ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ฻

฻ ͳ െ ʹ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ିଷേξଽି଼ ଵ
฻ ʹ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ସ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ
ଶ
ହగ గ గ
ƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐĚĞƐƚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĞŵሿെߨǡ ߨሾƐĆŽെ ǡ െ Ğെ ͘
଺ ଶ ଺

WĄŐ͘ϭϬ
ϴ͘භሺͳͲͷιሻ ൌ ሺͶͷι ൅ ͸Ͳιሻ ൌ Ͷͷι ͸Ͳι ൅ Ͷͷι ͸Ͳι ൌ
ξଶ ଵ ξଶ ξଷ ξଶାξ଺
ൌ ଶ
ൈ ൅ ൈ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ξଶ ଵ ξଶ ξଷ ξଶିξ଺
භሺͳͲͷιሻ ൌ ሺͶͷι ൅ ͸Ͳιሻ ൌ Ͷͷι ͸Ͳι െ Ͷͷι ͸Ͳι ൌ ൈ െ ൈ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ξమశξల మ
ୱୣ୬ሺଵ଴ହιሻ ξଶାξ଺ ൫ξଶାξ଺൯ ଼ାξଵଶ ଼ାଶξଷ
භሺͳͲͷιሻ ൌ ୡ୭ୱሺଵ଴ହιሻ
ൌ మ
ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ െʹ െ ξ͵
ξమషξల ξଶିξ଺ ൫ξଶିξ଺൯൫ξଶାξ଺൯ ଶି଺ ିସ
మ

ϵ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ସ ξହ ξହ
භଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ േ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߙ ൌ ͘
ଽ ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଵ ξଵହ ξଵହ
භ ߚ ൅ ߚ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߚ ൅ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߚ ൌ േ ସ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߚ ൌ ସ ͘
ଵ଺
ଶ ଵ ξହ ξଵହ ିଶାହξଷ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗ሺߙ ൅ ߚሻ ൌ ߙ ߚ ൅ ߙ ߚ ൌ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൅ ଷ ൈ ସ ൌ ଵଶ ͘
ଷ ସ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ
ଵ ଵଶହ ଵସସ ଵଶ
භ ଶ ߙ ൅ ͳ ൌ ฻ ฻ ଶ ߙ ൌ
൅ ͳൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߙ ൌ െ ͘
ୡ୭ୱమ ఈ ୡ୭ୱమ ఈ
ଵସସ ଵ଺ଽ ଵଷ
ଶ ଶ ଵସସ ଶ ଶହ ହ
ߙ ൅ ߙ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߙ ൅ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߙ ൌ ͘
ଵ଺ଽ ଵ଺ଽ ଵଷ
ଶ ଵ ଽ ଵ ଶ ଵ଺ ସ
භ ߚ ൅ ͳ ൌ ୡ୭ୱమ ఉ ฻ ଵ଺ ൅ ͳ ൌ ୡ୭ୱమ ఉ ฻ ߚ ൌ ଶହ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߚ ൌ െ ହ͘
ଵ଺ ଽ ଷ
ଶ ߚ ൅ ଶ ߚ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ߚ ൅ ଶହ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߚ ൌ ଶହ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߚ ൌ െ ହ͘
ହ ସ ଵଶ ଷ ଵ଺
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗ ሺߙ ൅ ߚሻ ൌ ߙ ߚ ൅ ߙ ߚ ൌ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൅ ቀെ ቁ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ͘
ଵଷ ହ ଵଷ ହ ଺ହ


ϭϬ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଵ ଵ ଵ
භ ଶ ߙ ൅ ͳ ൌ ୡ୭ୱమ ఈ
฻ͻ൅ͳൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ఈ
฻ ଶ ߙ ൌ
ଵ଴
ଵ ଽ
Ɣଶ ߙ ൅ ߙ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ߙ ൅ ଵ଴ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ߙ ൌ ଵ଴
ଶ
ଵ ଽ ଼ ସ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗ሺʹߙሻ ൌ ଶ ߙ െ ଶ ߙ ൌ ଵ଴ െ ଵ଴ ൌ െ ଵ଴ ൌ െ ͘
ହ

ξଷ
ϭϭ͘ĂͿ ʹ͵ι ͵͹ι ൅ ͵͹ι ʹ͵ι ൌ ሺ͵͹ι ൅ ʹ͵ιሻ ൌ ͸Ͳι ൌ
ଶ
ξଶ
ďͿ ʹͲι ʹͷι െ ʹͲι ʹͷι ൌ ሺͶͷιሻ ൌ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ ͳͷι ͳͷι ൌ ൈ ሺʹ ൈ ͳͷι ͳͷιሻ ൌ ͵Ͳι ൌ
ଶ ଶ ସ

ϭϮ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿ


ĐͿ
ĚͿ

ϭϯ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿ


ϭϰ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿ
ĐͿ

ϭϱ͘


ଷ ସ
ϭϲ͘ĂͿ ቎
ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧ ቀെ ቏ ൌ
ᇧᇧᇥቁ ൅ ᇣᇧᇤᇧᇥ ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
ହ ହ
௫ ௬
గ గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ቃെ ǡ ͲቂĞ‫ א ݕ‬ቃͲǡ ቂ͗
ଶ ଶ
ଷ ଶ ଶ ସ
ቀെ ቁ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ହ ହ
ସ ଶ ଷ
ଶ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ
ହ ହ
ସ ସ ଷ ଷ ଵ଺ ଽ
ൌ ‫ ݕ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݕ ݔ‬ൌ ൈ െ ቀെ ቁ ൈ ൌ ൅ ൌ ͳ
ହ ହ ହ ହ ଶହ ଶହ
గ ସ
ďͿ ቎ െ
ᇣᇤᇥଷ቏ ൌ ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
଺
௬
గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݕ‬ቃͲǡ ቂ͗
ଶ
ଵ ଵ଺ ଵ ଷ
ͳ ൅ ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ฻ͳ൅ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௬ ଽ ୡ୭ୱమ ௬ ହ
ଷ ଶ ସ
ଶ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ
ହ ହ
గ గ ଵ ଷ ξଷ ସ ଷ ଶξଷ ଷିସξଷ
ൌ ‫ݕ‬ െ ‫ݕ‬ ൌ ൈ െ ቀଶቁൈ ൌ െ ହ ൌ
଺ ଺ ଶ ହ ହ ଵ଴ ଵ଴
ଷ
ĐͿ ቎ʹ
ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧ ቀെᇧᇥቁ቏ ൌ ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
ସ
௫
గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ቃെ ǡ Ͳቂ͗
ଶ
ଵ ଽ ଵ ସ
ͳ ൅ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ ͳ൅ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ଵ଺ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ହ
ସ ଶ ଷ
ଶ ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ
ହ ହ
ଷ ସ ଶସ
ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൈ ൌ െ
ହ ହ ଶହ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭ
ϭϳ͘ĂͿʹ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬฻
గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ସ
ଵ
ďͿ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬฻ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻
గ గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ ସ
ĐͿ ଶሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ଶሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ଶሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ሺͶ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬฻
ଶ௞గ ଶ௞గ
฻ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ש‬Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔש‬ൌ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ହ
ĚͿ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฺ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ฻
௞గ
฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ
sĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĕĆŽĚĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐ͗
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͗ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͳ
గ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͗ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ൅ Ͳ ൌ ͳ
ଶ


WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͗ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ൅ ሺെͳሻ ൌ െͳ
ଷగ
WĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͗ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ൅ Ͳ ൌ െͳ
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƐĆŽĚĂĚĂƐƉŽƌ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ
ξଷ గ
ĞͿ͵ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቀ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻
ଷ ଺
ഏ
ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ గ గ గ
ల
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ഏ ൈ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቀ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻
ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ ଺ ଺ ଺
ల
గ ξଷ గ గ గ గ
฻ ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬൅ ൌ ߨ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
଺ ଶ ଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
గ గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଶ
ഏ
ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ
ĨͿʹ ‫ ݔ‬െ ξͳʹ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ξ͵ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ య
ഏ ൈ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ฻
ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ
య
గ గ గ గ ଵ
฻ ቀ ଷ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬െ ቀ ଷ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ቀ ଷ ቁ ฻ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ଷ ቁ ൌ െ ଶ ฻
గ గ గ గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬െ ൌ ߨ ൅ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଷ ଺ ଷ ଺
గ ଷగ
฻‫ݔ‬ ൌ଺ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ଶ
൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ

ξଷ ξଷ ξଷ
ϭϴ͘ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻
ସ ଶ ଶ
గ ଶగ గ గ
฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔʹ ש‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ ଺ ଷ
గ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͘
଺ ଷ
଻గ ସగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଺ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ଷ ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͘
గ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଺ ൅ ʹߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ଷ ൅ ʹߨ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͘
ହగ ଶగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͘
଺ ଷ
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͲǡʹߨሿ͘
గ గ ଻గ ସగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቄ ǡ ǡ ǡ ቅ͘
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ

ϭϵ͘ሾʹ ൅ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻ ሾʹ ൅ ʹሺെͳ ൅ ʹ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଵ ଵ
฻ Ͷ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ͳ ฻ Ͷ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଶ ଶ
గ ହగ గ ହగ
฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔʹ ש‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଺ ଵଶ ଵଶ
గ ହగ గ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂቃെ ǡ ቂ͘
ଵଶ ଵଶ ଶ ଶ
గ ହగ గ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ߨ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂቃെ ǡ ቂ͘
గ ହగ గ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ߨ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂቃെ ǡ ቂ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽ
గ గ
ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽቃെ ǡ ቂ͘
ଶ ଶ
గ ହగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቄ ǡ ቅ͘
ଵଶ ଵଶ


തതതത തതതത
തതതത ൌ ஺஻ ൌ
ϮϬ͘‫ܦܣ‬
஺஻
ൌ
଻
ൌ
ଶଶସ
ୡ୭ୱሺଶఈሻ ଵିଶ ୡ୭ୱమ ఈ ళ మ ଵ଻
ଵିଶൈቀ ቁ
ఴ

Ϯϭ͘ĂͿƌĞĂൌ തതതത തതതത ൌ ʹ ൈ ܱ‫ܣ‬
‫ ܣܦ‬ൈ ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത ൈ ‫ܤܣ‬
തതതത ൌ ʹ ൈ ߙ ൈ ߙ ൌ ሺʹߙሻ
గ గ ଵ
ďͿƌĞĂൌ ቀʹ ൈ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ
ଵଶ ଺ ଶ

ϮϮ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂĂůşŶĞĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͗
୲୥ ௔ା୲୥ ௕ ξଶା୲୥ ௕ ξଶା୲୥ ௕ ξଶା୲୥ ௕ିଵାξଶ ୲୥ ௕
ሺܽ ൅ ܾሻ ൌ ฻ͳൌ ฻ െͳൌͲ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଵି୲୥ ௔ ୲୥ ௕ ଵିξଶ ୲୥ ௕ ଵିξଶ ୲୥ ௕ ଵିξଶ ୲୥ ௕
୲୥ ௕൫ଵାξଶ൯ାξଶିଵ
฻ ଵିξଶ ୲୥ ௕
ൌ Ͳ ฻฻ ܾ ൫ͳ ൅ ξʹ൯ ൅ ξʹ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ͳ ר‬െ ξʹ ܾ ് Ͳ ฻
ଵିξଶ ଵ
฻ ܾ ൌ ‫ר‬ ܾ ് ฻ ܾ ൌ ʹξʹ െ ͵
ଵାξଶ ξଶ


Ϯ͘>ŝŵŝƚĞƐĞĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐƚƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂƐ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯ
బ
బ
ଷ௫ିୱୣ୫ሺଶ௫ሻ ୱୣ୫ሺଶ௫ሻ ୱୣ୫ሺଶ௫ሻ
Ϯϯ͘ĂͿ௫ื଴ ௫
ฎ ௫ื଴ ቂ͵ െ ௫ ቃ
ൌ ൌ ͵ െ ௫ื଴ ௫
ൌ
ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ൌ ͵ െ ʹ ൌ ͵ െ ʹ ൌ ͳ
ଶ௫ื଴ ʹ‫ݔ‬
బ
బ
଺ ୲୥ ௫ିସ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଷ ୲୥ ௫ ଶ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୲୥ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ďͿ௫ื଴ ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ ቂ െ ቃ ൌ ͵ ௫ื଴ െ ʹ ௫ื଴ ൌ ͵ െ ʹ ൌ ͳ
ଶ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
బ
బ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫൫ଵାξଵି௫൯ ୱୣ୬ ௫൫ଵାξଵି௫൯
ĐͿ௫ื଴ ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ ൌ ௫ื଴ ൌ
ଵିξଵି௫ ൫ଵିξଵି௫൯൫ଵାξଵି௫൯ ଵିሺଵି௫ሻ
‫ݔ‬
ൌ ቂ ൈ ൫ͳ ൅ ξͳ െ ‫ݔ‬൯ቃ ൌ
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬
ୱୣ୬ ௫
ൌ ௫ื଴ ൈ ௫ื଴ ൫ͳ ൅ ξͳ െ ‫ݔ‬൯ ൌ ͳ ൈ ʹ ൌ ʹ
௫
బ
బ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ሺ௬ାగሻ ି ୱୣ୬ ௬ ୱୣ୬ ௬
ĚͿ௫ืగ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௫ื଴ ൌ ௫ื଴ ൌ ௫ื଴ ൌ ͳ
గି௫ ି௬ ି௬ ௬
௬ୀ௫ିగ

Ϯϰ͘ĂͿ


ďͿභWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ͗
ସିସ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ௫ሺ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ െ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ݔ ר‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ ר‬െ͵ߨ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ר‬െ͵ߨ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹߨ
භWĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬൐ Ͳ͗
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹߨ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ Ͳ ר ݔ‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹߨ ฻
ଷగ ଻గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ସ ସ
ଷగ ଻గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐǌĞƌŽƐĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƐĆŽെʹߨǡ Ğ ͘
ସ ସ

WĄŐ͘ϭϲ
Ϯϱ͘ĂͿሺͶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ൌ ሺͶ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ െ ሾሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ
ďͿሺ‫ ݔ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔ ݔ‬
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻିሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻିሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻሺି ୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ
ĐͿቀ ቁ ൌ ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻమ
ൌ
ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻିሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻሺି ୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାୡ୭ୱమ ௫ାୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵ ଵ
ൌ ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ൌ
௫ሻమ ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫
ĚͿሺଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ĞͿሺଷ ‫ݔ ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ሺଷ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺଷ ‫ݔ‬ሻሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ͵ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺଷ ‫ݔ‬ሻሺെ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ସ ‫ݔ‬
భ
ଵ ଵ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ሺ୲୥ ௫ሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ౙ౥౩మ ೣ
ĨͿቀ െ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ െቀ ቁ ൌെ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
൅ ୲୥మ ௫
ൌെ ൅ ൌ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୲୥ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୲୥ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୲୥మ ௫
భ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ౙ౥౩మ ೣ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵ ଵିୡ୭ୱ ௫
ൌ െ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ൅ ౩౛౤మ ೣ
ൌെ ൅ ൌ
ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ౙ౥౩మ ೣ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ᇱ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ିሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ
ŐͿቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ିୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ିୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୱୣ୬మ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫
ൌ ൌ ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ୡ୭ୱሺଶగ௫ሻ ᇱ ୡ୭ୱሺଶగ௫ሻ ᇱ
ŚͿቀ ଶగ
൅ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻቁ ൌ ቀ ଶగ
ቁ ൅ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ
ଵ
ൌ ሾሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ൌ
ଶగ
ଵ
ൌ ሾെʹߨ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൅ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሾʹߨ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ
ଶగ
ൌ െ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሾʹߨ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ʹߨ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ


WĄŐ͘ϭϳ
Ϯϲ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌĄƌĞĂĚŽƋƵĂĚƌŝůĄƚĞƌŽሾܱܴܲܳሿ ൌ±ሾܴܵܲܳሿ
ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇥ െሾܱܵܲሿ
ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇧᇥ ൌ
തതതതത
ೃೂశೄು തതതത തതതത
ೀೄൈೄು തതതത
തതതത
ൈௌோ
మ మ
ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ൈୡ୭ୱ ௫ ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻିୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫

ൌ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ൌ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫
ൌ ൌ
ଶ ଶ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ᇱ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ďͿቀ ቁ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ሾሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ሿ ൌ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
గ గ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ Ͳ ר ݔ‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ଶ
฻‫ݔ‬ ൌ
ସ
గ

ĄƌĞĂĠŵĄǆŝŵĂƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ସ ͘
ଵାୱୣ୬ ଴ାୡ୭ୱ ଴ ଵା଴ାଵ

ĐͿ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͳ
ଶ ଶ
YƵĂŶĚŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽܲĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĞĐŽŵŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܤ‬Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƋƵĂĚƌŝůĄƚĞƌŽሾܱܴܲܳሿĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĞ
തതതതଶ ൌ ͳ͘
ĐŽŵŽƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽሾܱ‫ܴܳܤ‬ሿ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĂĄƌĞĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂܱ‫ܤ‬
ഏ ഏ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵାଵା଴ ଵାୱୣ୬ ାୡ୭ୱ
௫ืഏ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืഏ ൌ ൌ ͳ
మ మ
ൌ
మ మ ଶ ଶ ଶ
గ
ŵĞĚŝĚĂƋƵĞ‫ݔ‬ƚŽŵĂǀĂůŽƌĞƐĐĂĚĂǀĞǌŵĂŝƐƉƌſǆŝŵŽƐĚĞ ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽܲĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂͲƐĞĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܣ‬Ğ͕
ଶ
ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƋƵĂĚƌŝůĄƚĞƌŽሾܱܴܲܳሿƚĞŵƵŵĂĨŽƌŵĂĐĂĚĂǀĞǌŵĂŝƐƐĞŵĞůŚĂŶƚĞăĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽሾ‫ܴܳܣ‬ሿ͕
ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĂĄƌĞĂƚĞŵƵŵǀĂůŽƌĐĂĚĂǀĞǌŵĂŝƐƉƌſǆŝŵŽĚĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĞƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽ͕ƋƵĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ
തതതത ൈோௌ
ோொ തതതത ଵൈଶ
ଶ
ൌ ൌ ͳ͘
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϴ
Ϯϳ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻᇱ െ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ

݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ሾʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ ൅ Ͷ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ଵ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ൅ Ͷ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ߨ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ߨ ฻
ଶ
ଶగ ସగ గ ଶగ
฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔʹ ש‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ߨ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫Ͳ ר‬ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ߨ
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
గ ଶగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
గ ଶగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ߨ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
గ ଶగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଷ
െ ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ߨ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ͘
ଷ
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͲǡ ߨሿ͘
గ ଶగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቄ ଷ ǡ ଷ
ቅ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϵ
Ϯϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳ ൅ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ሺሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ݔ‬
භ݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ Ͳ Ͳ െ Ͳ Ͳ ൌ ʹ
භ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ Ͳ Ͳ ൌ ͳ
ŶƚĆŽĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͘

WĄŐ͘ϮϬ
బ
ೣ ೣ ೣ ೣ ೣ
ୱୣ୬మ ቀ ቁ బ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ
Ϯϵ͘ĂͿ௫ื଴ ௫మ
య
ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ ቈ ௫
య
ൈ ௫
య
቉ ൌ ௫ื଴ ቈ ௫
య
቉ ൈ ௫ื଴ ቈ ௫
య
቉ ൌ
ೣ ೣ
ଵ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ଵ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ೣื଴ ቈ ೣ య ቉ ൈ ೣื଴ ቈ ೣ య ቉ ൌ ൈ ൌ
ଷ య ଷ య ଷ ଷ ଽ
య య
బ
బ
௫ ௫ξଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ௫ξଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ௫ξଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫
ďͿ௫ื଴శ ൌ
ฎ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ
ξଵିୡ୭ୱ ௫ ξଵିୡ୭ୱ ௫ ξଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ξଵିୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ξୱୣ୬మ ௫
௫ξଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ௫ξଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ௫
ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ቀ ൈ ξͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ͳ ൈ ξʹ ൌ ξʹ
ξୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫
଴ൈஶ
గ௫ గሺ௬ାଵሻ గ௬ గ
ĐͿ௫ืଵ ቂሺͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ቃ ൌ
ฎ ௬ื଴ ቂെ‫ ݕ‬
ต ቃ ൌ െ ௬ื଴ ቂ‫ ݕ‬ቀ ൅ ቁቃ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
௬ୀ௫ିଵ
ഏ೤
ଵ ଶ ଶ
ൌ െ ௬ื଴ ቈ‫ ݕ‬ൈ ഏ೤ ቉ ൌ ഏ೤ื଴ ቈ మ
ഏ೤ ቉ ൌ
ି ୲୥ቀ ቁ గ మ ୲୥ቀ ቁ గ
మ మ


బ బ
బ బ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ሺ௬ାగሻ ି ୱୣ୬ ௬ ୱୣ୬ ௬ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻ
ĚͿ௫ืగష ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ష ଵାୡ୭ୱሺ௬ାగሻ ൌ ௬ื଴ష ൌ
ฎ െ ௬ื଴ష ሺଵିୡ୭ୱ ൌ
ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵିୡ୭ୱ ௬ ௬ሻሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻ
௬ୀ௫ିగ
ୱୣ୬ ௬ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻ ୱୣ୬ ௬ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻ ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ ଶ
ൌ െ ௬ื଴ష ଵିୡ୭ୱమ ௬
ൌ െ ௬ื଴ష ୱୣ୬మ ௬
ൌ െ ௬ื଴ష ൌെ ൌ ൅λ
ୱୣ୬ ௬ ଴ష
బ
బ
୲୥ ௫ିୱୣ୬ ௫ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵିୡ୭ୱ ௫
ĞͿ௫ื଴ ௫య
ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ ቂ య ‫ ݔ‬ቀ െ ͳቁቃ ൌ ௫ื଴ ቂ ‫ ݔ‬ቀ ቁቃ ൌ
௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ௫య ୡ୭ୱ ௫
ଵ ሺଵିୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ଵ ଵିୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ൌ ௫ื଴ ቂ ‫ݔ‬ ൈ ቃ ൌ ௫ื଴ ቂ௫ య ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻቃ ൌ
௫య ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ
ଵ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬య ௫ ଵ
ൌ ௫ื଴ ቂ ‫ݔ‬ ൈ ቃ ൌ ௫ื଴ ቂ ൈ ቃ ൌ
௫య ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ௫య ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଷ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ௫ื଴ ൤ቀ ቁ ൈ ൨ ൌͳൈ ൌ
௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ଵൈଶ ଶ
బ
బ ഏ ഏ ഏ
ଵିଶ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵିଶ ୡ୭ୱቀ௬ା ቁ ଵିଶቀୡ୭ୱ ௬ ୡ୭ୱ ିୱୣ୬ ௬ ୱୣ୬ ቁ
ĨͿ௫ืഏ ഏ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ ୱୣ୬ ௬
య
ൌ ௬ื଴ య
ୱୣ୬ ௬
య
ൌ
య ୱୣ୬ቀ௫ି ቁ ഏ
య ௬ୀ௫ି
య
భ ξయ
ଵିଶ൬ ୡ୭ୱ ௬ି ୱୣ୬ ௬൰ ଵିୡ୭ୱ ௬ାξଷ ୱୣ୬ ௬ ଵିୡ୭ୱ ௬
మ మ
ൌ ௬ื଴ ୱୣ୬ ௬
ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ቀ ൅ ξ͵ቁ ൌ
ୱୣ୬ ௬ ୱୣ୬ ௬
ሺଵିୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻ ୱୣ୬మ ௬ ୱୣ୬ ௬ ଴
ൌ ξ͵ ൅ ௬ื଴ ൌ ξ͵ ൅ ௬ื଴ ൌ ξ͵ ൅ ௬ื଴ ൌ ξ͵ ൅ ൌ ξ͵
ୱୣ୬ ௬ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻ ୱୣ୬ ௬ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ሻ ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௬ ଶ
௫ గ ା
ŐͿ௫ืగశ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬Ǥ ቁ ൌ െͳ ൈ ቀ ቁ ൌ െͳ ൈ ሺെλሻ ൌ ൅λ
ଶ ଶ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ିଵ
ŚͿ௫ืయഏ ൌ ൌ Ͳ
మ ୲୥ ௫ ஶ

ഏ ഏ
గ ଶൈ ିୱୣ୬ቀଶൈ ቁ గିୱୣ୬ሺగሻ
ϯϬ͘ĂͿ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ మ
ഏ
మ
ൌ ഏ ൌ ߨ
ଶ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ
మ మ
ďͿĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿͲǡ ߨሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌ

బ
బ మೣ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ
ଶ௫ିୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ି ଵି
භ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ
ฎ ௫ื଴ శ
మೣ మೣ
౩౛౤ ೣ ൌ ௫ื଴శ మೣ
భ ౩౛౤ ೣ ൌ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ൈ
మೣ మ ೣ
౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ
ଵି୪୧୫మೣืబశ ଴
ൌ ʹ ൈ మೣ
౩౛౤ ೣ ൌ ʹ ൈ ൌ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽ
୪୧୫ೣืబశ ଵ
ೣ
ଶ௫ିୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ଶగିୱୣ୬ሺଶగሻ ଶగ
භ௫ืగష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืగష ൌ ൌ ൌ ൅λ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨĠ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ሺగష ሻ ଴శ
ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘


ഏ మഏ ξయ ξయ
గ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁାୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ା
ϯϭ͘ĂͿ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ య
ഏ
య
ൌ మ
భ
మ
ൌ ʹξ͵
ଷ ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ
య మ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ାୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ గ
ďͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ୡ୭ୱ ௫
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻
ଶ
గ గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺെʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻
ଶ ଶ
గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻
ଶ
గ
฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ש‬െ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻
ଶ
ଶ௞గ గ
฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻
ଷ ଶ
గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െߨ͖ƐŽŵĞŶƚĞͲƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ͘
ଶ
ଶగ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ߨ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ͘
ଷ ଶ
ସగ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͵ߨ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ͘
ଷ ଶ
ଶగ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ͵ߨ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ͘
ଷ ଶ
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ
గ
ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ͘
ଶ
ଶగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐǌĞƌŽƐƐĆŽͲǡ Ğߨ͘
ଷ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଵ ଵ ଵ
භͳ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ฻ͳ൅Ͷൌ ฻ ଶ ߙ ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ఈ ୡ୭ୱమ ఈ ହ
గ
ŽŵŽሺߙሻĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽĞߙ ‫ א‬ሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞሺߙሻĞሺߙሻƐĆŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽƐ͘
ଶ
ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߙ ൌ ට ͘
ହ
ଵ ସ
භଶ ߙ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ߙ ൅ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ߙ ൌ
ହ ହ
ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߙ ൌ ට ͘
ହ
ర ర భ
ୱୣ୬ ఈାୱୣ୬ሺଶఈሻ ට ାଶൈට ൈට ସ ସ ଵ ଵ଴ାସξହ
ఱ ఱ ఱ ξହ
݂ሺߙሻ ൌ ୡ୭ୱ ఈ
ൌ ൌ ξͷ ቆට ൅ ʹ ൈ ට ൈ ට ቇ ൌ ʹ ൅ ʹ ൈ ʹ ൈ ൌ
భ ହ ହ ହ ହ ହ
ට
ఱ
గ గ
ĚͿĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾͲǡ ߨሿ̳ ቄ ቅ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌ
ଶ ଶ
ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂
ୱୣ୬ ఈାୱୣ୬ሺଶఈሻ ଵା଴
௫ืቀഏቁష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืቀഏቁష ൌ ൌ ൅λ
మ మ
ୡ୭ୱ ఈ ଴శ
ୱୣ୬ ఈାୱୣ୬ሺଶఈሻ ଵା଴
ഏ శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ഏ శ ൌ ൌ െλ
௫ืቀ ቁ ௫ืቀ ቁ ୡ୭ୱ ఈ ଴ష
మ మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘


ϯϮ͘ĂͿ
ʹߨ ͳ
ʹߨ ʹ ቀ ͵ ቁ ʹ ൈ
݂൬ ൰ ൌ ൌ ʹ ൌ ͵
͵ Ͷߨ ߨ ߨ
ߨെ ͵ െ͵
ଶ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ గ గ గ
ďͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫് ݔ ר‬ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫് ݔ ר‬ ฻
గିଶ௫ ଶ ଶ ଶ
గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ̳ሼͲሽ
ଶ
WƌŽĐƵƌĞŵŽƐĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሾߨǡ ͵ߨሿ͗
గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾߨǡ ͵ߨሿ͘
ଶ
ଷగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾߨǡ ͵ߨሿ͘
ଶ
ହగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾߨǡ ͵ߨሿ͘
ଶ
଻గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ
͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾߨǡ ͵ߨሿ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾߨǡ ͵ߨሿ͘
ଷగ ହగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐǌĞƌŽƐƐĆŽ Ğ ͘
ଶ ଶ
బ
బ ഏ
ଶ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଶ ୡ୭ୱቀ௬ା ቁ ିଶ ୱୣ୬ ௬ ୱୣ୬ ௬
ĐͿ௫ืഏ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ௬ื଴ మ
ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ௬ื଴ ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݇ ൌ ͳ͘
మ గିଶ௫ ഏ
ିଶ௬ ିଶ௬ ௬
௬ୀ௫ି
మ

଻ ଻గ ξଶ
ϯϯ͘ĂͿ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ൅ ʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ൅ ʹ ൈ ൌ ͳ ൅ ξʹ
ସ ସ ଶ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ሾͳǡ͸ሿ ‫׷‬

ଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ ൅ ʹ ሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͳǡ͸ሿ ฻ ሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͳǡ͸ሿ ฻
ଶ
ଶగ ଶగ
฻ ߨ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔߨ ש‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͳǡ͸ሿ ฻
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͳǡ͸ሿ
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଶ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͳǡ ͸ሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
ସ ଼
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͳǡ ͸ሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
଼ ସ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ଷ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሾͳǡ ͸ሿ͘
ଵସ ଵ଴
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ש‬ ‫ݔ‬ൌ ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሾͳǡ ͸ሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଶ଴ ଵ଺ ଵ଺
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵ ื ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ש‬ ‫ݔ‬ൌ ͖ƐŽŵĞŶƚĞ ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͳǡ ͸ሿ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͳǡ ͸ሿ͘
ସ ଼ ଵ଴ ଵସ ଵ଺
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐǌĞƌŽƐƐĆŽ ͕ ͕ ͕ Ğ ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
బ
బ
ୱୣ୫ሺ௫ିଵሻ ୱୣ୫ ௬ ୱୣ୫ ௬ ଵ
ĐͿ௫ืଵష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵష ௫ మ ିଷ௫ାଶ
ൌ
ฎ
ณ ൌ ௬ื଴ష ൌ ௬ื଴ష ቀ ൈ ቁ ൌ
௬ሺ௬ିଵሻ ௬ ௬ିଵ
௬ୀ௫ିଵ
ൌ ͳ ൈ ሺെͳሻ ൌ െͳ
௫ืଵశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଵశ ሾͳ ൅ ʹ ሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ͳ ൅ ʹ ߨ ൌ ͳ െ ʹ ൌ െͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽϭ͘

௙ሺగା௛ሻି௙ሺగሻ ଷሺగା௛ሻାୱୣ୬ሺଶగାଶ௛ሻିଷగ ଷ௛ାୱୣ୬ሺଶ௛ሻ
ϯϰ݂͘ ᇱ ሺߨሻ ൌ ௛ื଴ ൌ ௛ื଴ ൌ ௛ื଴ ൌ
௛ ௛ ௛
ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௛ሻ ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௛ሻ
ൌ ௛ื଴ ቀ͵ ൅ ௛
ቁൌ͵൅ʹ ൈ ଶ௛ื଴
ଶ௛
ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ ൈ ͳ ൌ ͷ

WĄŐ͘Ϯϭ
ϯϱ͘ĂͿሾʹ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺʹ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ሾሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ
ďͿሾଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬െ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ
ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ᇱ ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻିሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ି ୱୣ୬ ௫ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻିୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
ĐͿቀ ቁ ൌ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻమ
ൌ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫
ି ୱୣ୬ ௫ିୱୣ୬మ ௫ିୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ି ୱୣ୬ ௫ିଵ ଵ

ൌ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ൌെ
௫ሻమ ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫
ĚͿሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ൌ

ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͵ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ
ĞͿሾ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ଷ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ଷ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ
ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ͵ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ሺെ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ସ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ‬
ĨͿሾ‫ ݔ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔ ݔ‬
ଵ ᇱ ଵ ᇱ ଵ
ŐͿቀ ଷ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ ቀ ଷ ‫ݔ‬ቁ െ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ͳ ൌ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ െ ൅ ͳ ൌ
ଷ ଷ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ െቀ െ ͳቁ ൌ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ െ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ቀ െ ͳቁ ൌ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ସ ‫ݔ‬
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ᇲ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ൫ଶ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯ି൫ଶ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫൫ଶ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯ିସ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺି ୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ŚͿቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ଶ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ସ ୡ୭ୱర ௫ ସ ୡ୭ୱర ௫
ଶ ୡ୭ୱయ ௫ାସ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ାଶ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ଵାୱୣ୬మ ௫
ൌ ൌ ൌ
ସ ୡ୭ୱర ௫ ଶ ୡ୭ୱయ ௫ ଶ ୡ୭ୱయ ௫

ଶ ᇱ ଶ
ϯϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂଷ ଶ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻቃ ൌ ଷ ൈ ʹ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൈ ሾሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ
ଶ
ൌ ൈ ʹ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൈ ͵ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͷ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ሺ͸‫ݔ‬ሻ
ଷ
గ గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀ͸ ൈ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂƌĞĨĞƌŝĚĂĠŝŐƵĂů
ଷ଺ ଷ଺ ଺
గ
Ăͳ͕ĂƐƵĂŝŶĐůŝŶĂĕĆŽĠ ͘
ସ

଺ ଺ ଻గ ଵ
ϯϳ͘ĂͿ݂ሺͳሻ ൅ ͳͶ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ൅ ሺߨሻ ൅ ͳͶ ቂ ൅ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ͳ ൅ Ͳ ൅ ͳʹ ൅ ͳͶ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ͸
଻ ଻ ଺ ଶ


ďͿKĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĞ݂ĠŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌŵĞŶƚĞůŝŵŝƚĂĚŽ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƐſƉŽĚĞƌĄĂĚŵŝƚŝƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽ
ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĞŵ൅λ͘
ഏ ഏ
௙ሺ௫ሻ ௫ାୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ
ೣ ೣ
௫ืାஶ ௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቆͳ ൅ ௫
ቇ ൌ
ഏ
ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ଵ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ
ഏ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ೣ
ൌ ͳ ൅ ௫ืାஶ ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞ͗െ ൑ ೣ
൑ Ğ௫ืାஶ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
ൌ ͳ ൅ Ͳ ൌ ͳ
గ గ
௫ืାஶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቂ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቀ ቁ െ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
௫ ௫
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ݔ‬ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
గ ᇱ గ ᇱ గ గ గ
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ͳ ൅ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ െ ቀ ቁ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫మ ௫
ᇱ ሺʹሻ గ గ
භ݂ ൌ ͳ െ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ െ Ͳ ൌ ͳ
ସ ଶ
గ
භ݂ሺʹሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͵
ଶ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬െ ͵ ൌ ͳሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ
KƌĂ͕‫ ݕ‬െ ͵ ൌ ͳሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͘

ϯϴ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ݔ‬
භ݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ ൅ Ͷ ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͷ
භ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ ൅ Ͷ ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͷ‫͘ݔ‬
ďͿ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ െ Ͷ ‫ݔ‬

ଵ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ െ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬െߨ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ߨ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ר‬െߨ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ߨ ฻
ଶ
గ ହగ
฻‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔש‬ൌ
଺ ଺


ϯϵ͘ĂͿĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿͲǡ ߨሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨƉŽĚĞƌĆŽ
ƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ ଵା଴
භ௫ื଴శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ื଴శ ൌ ൌ ൅λ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଴శ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ ଵା଴
භ௫ืగష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืగష ൌ ൌ ൅λ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଴శ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺଵାୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ൌ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ൌ
ୱୣ୬ ௫
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
ൌ ൌെ
ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ గ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ߨ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ߨ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ
ĐͿ


ĚͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽĞƐƚĄŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚĂĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘
භ^ĞũĂ݀ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞ‫͖ܦ‬ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଵାୱୣ୬ ௗ
݂ሺ݀ሻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ͳ ൅ ݀ ൌ ͵ ݀ ฻
ୱୣ୬ ௗ
ଵ గ ହగ
฻ ݀ ൌ ฻ ݀ ൌ ‫ ݀ ש‬ൌ
ଶ ଺ ଺
గ ହగ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݀ ൐ ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ͘
ଷ ଺
തതതത ൌ ହగ െ గ ൌ గ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦܣ‬
଺ ଷ ଶ
භdĞŵͲƐĞ͗

ഏ ξయ
గ ଵାୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ଵା ଶξଷାଷ ଶξଷାଷ
݂ ቀଷቁ ൌ ഏ
య
ൌ మ
ൌ തതതത
͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܤܣ‬ ൌ
ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ξయ ଷ ଷ
య మ
మξయశయ మξయశభమ
തതതത ା஺஻
஽஼ തതതത ଷା గ ൈగ ଶ൫ξଷା଺൯గ ൫ξଷା଺൯గ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ǀĞŵ͗ƌĞĂൌ തതതത ൌ
ൈ ‫ܦܣ‬ య
ൈ ൌ య
ൌ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ଵଶ ଺

WĄŐ͘ϮϮ
ϰϬ͘

ϰϭ͘ĂͿ


ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଵ ଵସସ ଵ ଶହ
භͳ ൅ ଶ ߚ ൌ ฻ͳ൅ ൌ మ ఉ ฻ ଶ ߚ ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ఉ ଶହ ୡ୭ୱ ଵ଺ଽ
గ
ŽŵŽߚ ‫ א‬ቃͲǡ ቃ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞሺߙሻĞሺߙሻƐĆŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽƐ͘
ଶ
ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߚ ൌ ͘
ଵଷ
ଶହ ଵସସ
භଶ ߚ ൅ ଶ ߚ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ߚ ൅ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ߚ ൌ
ଵ଺ଽ ଵ଺ଽ
ଵଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ߚ ൌ ͘
ଵଷ
భమ ఱ
ଵାୱୣ୬ ఉିୡ୭ୱ ఉ ଵା ି ଶ଴ ଵ଴
ܽሺߚሻ ൌ ൌ భయ భయ
ൌ ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ ଶ ଶ଺ ଵଷ
ഏ ഏ
గ ଵାୱୣ୬ቀ ቁିୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ ଵ
ĐͿܽ ቀ ቁ ൌ ర ర
ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ସ ଶ ଶ
/ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂĕĆŽŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĚŽǀĂůŽƌŽďƚŝĚŽ͗
ĚͿ
గ గ గ
ĞͿ‫ ݌‬ቀ ቁ ൌ ͵ ൅ ට͵ െ ʹ ቀ ቀ ቁ ൅ ቀ ቁቁ ൌ ͵ ൅ ඥ͵ െ ʹሺͳ ൅ Ͳሻ ൌ ͵ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͷ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
/ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂĕĆŽŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĚŽǀĂůŽƌŽďƚŝĚŽ͗


ᇱ ሾଷିଶሺୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻሿᇲ ିଶሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ିୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ
ĨͿ‫݌‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ͵ ൅ ඥ͵ െ ʹሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻቁ ൌ ൌ ൌ
ଶඥଷିଶሺୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ଶඥଷିଶሺୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫
ൌ
ඥଷିଶሺୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ିୡ୭ୱ ௫ గ
‫݌‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ቃͲǡ ቃ ฻
ඥଷିଶሺୱୣ୬ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ଶ
గ గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ඥ͵ െ ʹሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ቃͲǡ ቃ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ ସ

గ
KƉĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽĠŵşŶŝŵŽƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͘
ସ


ϯ͘KƐĐŝůĂĚŽƌĞƐŚĂƌŵſŶŝĐŽƐĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂůĞŝĚĞEĞǁƚŽŶ

WĄŐ͘Ϯϱ
ଶగ
ϰϮ͘ĂͿKƉĞƌşŽĚŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽŵşŶŝŵŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ഏ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͳʹ͘
ల
ďͿKĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĠŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͳ െ ʹǡ ͳ ൅ ʹሿ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ሾെͳǡ ͵ሿ͘
గ௫ గ గ௫ గ ଵ
ĐͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ֞ ͳ െ ʹ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ֞ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ֞
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ ଶ
గ௫ గ గ గ௫ గ గ
֞ ൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ש‬ ൅ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞
଺ ଷ ଷ ଺ ଷ ଷ
గ௫ గ௫ ଶగ
֞ ଺
ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ש‬
଺
ൌെ
ଷ
൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳʹ݇ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െͶ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
గ௫ గ గ௫ గ
ĚͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ֞ ͳ െ ʹ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͵ ֞ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ െͳ ֞
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
గ௫ గ గ௫ ଶగ
֞ ൅ ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
ĞͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͳ ֞ ͳ െ ʹ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ െͳ ֞ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͳ ֞
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
֞ ൅ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
ĨͿ

ϰϯ͘KĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĠሾെͷǡ ͵ሿ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ െͳĞȁܽȁ ൌ Ͷ͘
ଶగ గ
KƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂͺ െ ሺെͶሻ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͳʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ȁ௕ȁ ൌ ͳʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞȁܾȁ ൌ ͘
଺
గ
ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞŵŽƐ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ܽ ൌ ͶĞܾ ൌ ͘
଺
గ ଵ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ െ͵͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞͶ ቀ ଺ ൈ Ͳ ൅ ܿቁ െ ͳ ൌ െ͵ ֞ ܿ ൌ െ ଶ͘
ଶగ
ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞŵŽƐ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ܿ ൌ ͘
ଷ
గ ଶగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͷ ቀ ଺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ െ ͳ͘
ଷ

WĄŐ͘Ϯϲ
గሺ଴ାସሻ ଶగ
ϰϰ͘ĂͿ݀ሺͲሻ ൌ ͹ ൅ ʹ ଺
ൌ ͹ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͹ െ ͳ ൌ ͸ŵĞƚƌŽƐ
ଷ


ďͿKĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĞ݀Ġሾ͹ െ ʹǡ ͹ ൅ ʹሿ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ሾͷǡ ͻሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂĠͻŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘
గሺ௧ାସሻ గሺ௧ାସሻ గሺ௧ାସሻ

ĐͿ݀ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͷ ֞ ͹ ൅ ʹ ଺
ൌ ͷ ֞ ଺
ൌ െͳ ֞ ଺
ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞
֞ ‫ ݐ‬൅ Ͷ ൌ ͸ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͶሿ͘
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳͶ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͶሿ͘
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ʹ͸͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͶሿ͘
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െͳͲ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͶሿ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͲǡ ʹͶሿ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĂƐƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂƐϮϰŚŽƌĂƐ͕ĂŵĂƌĠďĂŝǆĂŽĐŽƌƌĞƵăƐʹŚŽƌĂƐĞăƐͳͶŚŽƌĂƐ͘

WĄŐ͘Ϯϳ
గሺ௫ାଵሻ గ
ϰϱ͘ĂͿ ଺
് ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ് ͵ ൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ‫ ʹ ് ݔ‬൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ʹ ് ݔ‬൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժሽ͘
ďͿ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ Թ
గ
ĐͿKƉĞƌşŽĚŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽŵşŶŝŵŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ഏ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕͸͘
ల
గ ξଷ
ĚͿ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ൈ ൌ ͵ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͷ
଺ ଷ
గሺ௫ାଵሻ గሺ௫ାଵሻ గሺ௫ାଵሻ గ

ĞͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ֞ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ଺
ൌ Ͳ ֞ ଺
ൌ െξ͵ ֞ ଺
ൌ െ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞
ଷ
֞ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൌ െʹ ൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
గሺ௫ାଵሻ గି
ĨͿ௫ืଶష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืଶష ቂ͵ ൅ ξ͵
଺
ቃ ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ ൌ ൅λ
ଶ
గሺ௫ାଵሻ గ ା
ŐͿ௫ืିସశ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ௫ืିସశ ቂ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ଺
ቃ ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵ ൈ ሺെλሻ ൌ െλ
ଶ
ŚͿ


WĄŐ͘Ϯϴ
ϰϲ͘ĂͿ‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ Ͳ ൌ ʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞܲĞƌĂʹ͘
ďͿKĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĞ‫ݔ‬Ġሾെʹǡ ʹሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂŵĞŶŽƌĂďĐŝƐƐĂĠെʹĞĂŵĂŝŽƌĠʹ͘
ଷగ
ĐͿ‫ݔ‬ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹ ൈ Ͳ ൌ Ͳ͖ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞ͵ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞܲĞƌĂͲ͘
ଶ
గ௧ గ௧ గ௧ గ
ʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳ ൅ ʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͵͖ƉĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͷ͖ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞͷƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞܲĞƌĂŶŽǀĂŵĞŶƚĞͲ͖
ƚĂůŽĐŽƌƌĞƵ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉĂƐƐĂĚŽƐϮƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĚŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͵͘
గ௧ గ௧ ଵ గ௧ ଶగ గ௧ ଶగ
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ െͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ฻ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ש‬ ൌെ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ
ସ ସ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ൅ Ͷ݇ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ െ ൅ Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ
ସ ଵ ଵ
KƌĂ͕Ͳ ൑ ൅ Ͷ݇ ൑ ͸Ͳ ‫ א ݇ ר‬Ժ ฻ െ ൑ ݇ ൑ ͳͷ െ ‫ א ݇ ר‬Ժ ฻ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ǥ ǡ ͳͶሽ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ସ ଵ ଵ
ĞͲ ൑ െ ൅ Ͷ݇ ൑ ͸Ͳ ‫ א ݇ ר‬Ժ ฻ ൑ ݇ ൑ ͳͷ ൅ ‫ א ݇ ר‬Ժ ฻ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͳǡ ʹǡ ǥ ǡ ͳͷሽ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĂůŽĐŽƌƌĞϯϬǀĞǌĞƐĂŽůŽŶŐŽĚŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽŵŝŶƵƚŽ͘

WĄŐ͘ϯϬ
ϰϳ͘ĂͿKĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĠሾെͶǡ Ͷሿ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ ܣ‬ൌ Ͷ͘

ଶగ గ
KƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂ͸͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ൌ ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͘
௪ ଷ
గ ସగ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ݂ሺͶሻ ൌ Ͷ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞͶ ቀ ൈ Ͷ ൅ ߶ቁ ൌ Ͷ ֞ ቀ ൅ ߶ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻
ଷ ଷ
ସగ ସగ
֞ ൅ ߶ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ֞ ߶ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ
ସగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ߶ ൌ െ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡʹߨሿ͘
ଷ
ଶగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ߶ ൌ ଷ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡʹߨሿ͘
గ ଶగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͷ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ͘
ଷ ଷ
గ ଶగ
ďͿĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂͶ͕ĂƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ഏ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕͸͕ĞĂĨĂƐĞĠ
ଷ
య
ଶగ
ŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϯϭ
ଷగ
ϰϴ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺߨ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞƵŵŽƐĐŝůĂĚŽƌŚĂƌŵſŶŝĐŽ͘
ଶ
ଶగ
ďͿĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂͳ͕ĂƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂߨ͕ŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ʹ͕ĂĨƌĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂĠ
గ
ଵ ଷగ
ŝŐƵĂůĂ ĞĂĨĂƐĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଶ ଶ


WĄŐ͘ϯϮ
గ௧ గ௧ గ௧ గ௧
ϰϵ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ቀ ቁ ൅ ξ͵ ቀ ቁ ൌ ξ͵ ቂξ͵ ቀ ቁ ൅ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ
ସ ସ ସ ସ
ξଷ గ௧ ଵ గ௧ గ గ௧ గ గ௧
ൌ ʹξ͵ ቂ ቀ ቁ ൅ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ʹξ͵ ቂ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁ ൅ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ
ଶ ସ ଶ ସ ଷ ସ ଷ ସ
గ గ గ గ గ ହగ
ൌ ʹξ͵ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬െ ቁ ൌ ʹξ͵ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬െ ൅ ʹߨቁ ൌ ʹξ͵ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚƌĂƚĂĚĞƵŵŽƐĐŝůĂĚŽƌ
ସ ଷ ସ ଷ ସ ଷ
ŚĂƌŵſŶŝĐŽ͘
ଶగ ଵ
ďͿĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹξ͵͕ŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ഏ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͺ͕ĂĨƌĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ĞĂĨĂƐĞĠ
଼
ర
ହగ
ŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଷ
గ ହగ ᇱ గ ହగ ᇱ గ గ ହగ
ĐͿ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቂʹξ͵ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ ʹξ͵ ቂ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ ʹξ͵ ቂെ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ
ସ ଷ ସ ଷ ସ ସ ଷ
గξଷ గ ହగ
ൌെ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁ
ଶ ସ ଷ
ᇱ
ߨξ͵ ߨ ͷߨ ߨξ͵ ߨ ͷߨ ᇱ ߨξ͵ ߨ ߨ ͷߨ
‫ݔ‬ ൌ ቈെ ൬ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൰቉ ൌ െ ൤ ൬ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൰൨ ൌ െ ൤ ൬ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൰൨ ൌ
ʹ Ͷ ͵ ʹ Ͷ ͵ ʹ Ͷ Ͷ ͵
గమ ξଷ గ ହగ
ൌെ ଼
ቀ ‫ݐ‬
ସ
൅
ଷ
ቁ
గమ ξଷ గ ହగ గ ହగ గ ହగ గ
‫ ݔ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ଼
ቀ ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌͲ฻ ‫ݐ‬൅ ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ସ ଷ ସ ଷ ସ ଷ ଶ
గ ଻గ ଵସ
฻ ‫ݐ‬ൌെ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ൅ Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ସ ଺ ଷ
ଵସ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡʹͲሿ
ଷ
ଵସ ଶ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ൅ Ͷ ൌ െ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଵସ ଵ଴
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െଷ ൅ͺൌ
ଷ
͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଵସ ଶଶ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ൅ ͳʹ ൌ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଵସ ଷସ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͷ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ൅ ͳ͸ ൌ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଵସ ସ଺
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͷ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹͲ ൌ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଵସ ହ଼
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͸ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹͶ ൌ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
ଵସ ଻଴
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͹ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹͺ ൌ ͖ĞƐƚĞǀĂůŽƌŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଷ ଷ
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͲǡ ʹͲሿ͘
ଵ଴ ଶଶ ଷସ ସ଺ ହ଼
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽĚĞWĠŶƵůĂŶŽƐŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ ͕ ͕ ͕ Ğ ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϯϰ
ϱϬ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൅ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫͕ݔ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺെ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ‫ݔ‬


WĄŐ͘ϯϱ
ϱϭ͘

WĄŐ͘ϯϲ
ϱϮ͘ĂͿWƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌ݇ƚĂůƋƵĞ݉‫ ݔ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ െ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ͘

KƌĂ͕
݉‫ ݔ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ െ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻฻ ͷ‫ ݔ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ െ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ฻ ͮ‫ ݔ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ െͻ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
฻ െͶͷ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ െ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĚĞƉƌŽƉŽƌĐŝŽŶĂůŝĚĂĚĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂͶͷ͘
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௞ ସହ
භ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݏ݋ܿܣ‬൫ξߙ‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾ൯Ğߙ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻ͘
௠ ହ
භ‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ െʹ
භ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵
KƌĂ͕‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ܣ‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ൈ ͵ሾെ ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻሿ ൌ െ͵‫ ܣ‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻ͘
‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ െʹ ‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ െʹ
൜ ᇱ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฺ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ଶ ܾ ൅ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ଶ ܾ ൌ ͷ ฺ
‫ ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͵ െ͵‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ ͵ ‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ െͳ
ሺ஺வ଴ሻ
ฺ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ሺଶ ܾ ൅ ଶ ܾሻ ൌ ͷ ฺ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ൌ ͷ ฺ
ฏ ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ξͷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ξͷሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻ͘


ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŵŽƐ͕ĂŐŽƌĂ͕ŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܾ͘
ଶ
ܾ ൌ െ ଷగ
ξହ
dĞŵͲƐĞቐ ଵ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܾ ‫ א‬ቃߨǡ ቂ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൎ ͵ǡ͸͘
ଶ
ܾ ൌ െ
ξହ
ŶƚĆŽ͕‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ξͷሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ͵ǡ͸ሻ͘

WĄŐ͘ϰϬ
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ ଵ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గ

ϱϯ͘ĂͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ʹ ଷ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଷ ൌ ฻ ൌ ฻
ଶ ଷ ଺
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ ହగ
฻ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ש‬ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଷ ଺ ଷ ଺
฻ ʹߨሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹǡͷሻ ൌ ߨ ൅ ͳʹ݇ߨ ‫ߨʹ ש‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹǡͷሻ ൌ ͷߨ ൅ ͳʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
฻ ʹߨ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷߨ ൌ ߨ ൅ ͳʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔߨʹ ש‬൅ ͷߨ ൌ ͷߨ ൅ ͳʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
฻ ʹߨ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͶߨ ൅ ͳʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔߨʹ ש‬ൌ ͳʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ൅ ͸݇ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
గሾሺ௫ା௉ሻାଶǡହሿ
గ௫ାగ௉ାଶǡହగ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గ௉
ďͿ݂ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܲሻ ൌ ͳ െ ʹ ଷ
ൌ ͳ െ ʹ
ൌ ͳ െ ʹ ቂ ଷ ൅ ቃ
ଷ ଷ
గ௉
KƉĞƌşŽĚŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽŵşŶŝŵŽܲĠŽƋƵĞƐĞŽďƚĠŵƉĂƌĂ ൌ ʹߨ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ܲ ൌ ͸͘
ଷ
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ

ĐͿെͳ ൑ ൑ ͳ ฻ െʹ ൑ ʹ ൑ ʹ ฻ െʹ ൑ െʹ ൑ ʹ ฻
ଷ ଷ ଷ
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ
฻ െͳ ൑ ͳ െ ʹ ଷ ൑ ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽŽĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂Ġሾെͳǡ ͵ሿ͘
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ
ĚͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ͳ െ ʹ ଷ
ൌ ͵ ฻ ଷ
ൌ െͳ ฻
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ ଷగ
฻ ଷ
ൌ
ଶ
൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ʹߨሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹǡͷሻ ൌ ͻߨ ൅ ͳʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ ൌ ͻ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ
ĞͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െͳ ฻ ͳ െ ʹ ଷ
ൌ െͳ ฻ ଷ
ൌ ͳ ฻
గሺ௫ାଶǡହሻ గ
฻ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ʹߨሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹǡͷሻ ൌ ͵ߨ ൅ ͳʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଷ ଶ
฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ ൌ ͵ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ĨͿ

ϱϰ͘ĂͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௔ ൌ Թ
గ௫ గ௫
െͳ ൑ ൑ ͳ ฻ Ͳ ൑ ͳ ൅ ൑ ʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௔ ൌ ሾͲǡ ʹሿ͘
ଶ ଶ


භĞƌŽƐ
గ௫ గ௫ గ௫ గ
ܽሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ ൅ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ െͳ ฻ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ൅ Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
භDŝŶŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞƐ
KƐŵŝŶŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞƐĚĞܽƐĆŽŽƐǌĞƌŽƐĚĞܽ͘
භDĂǆŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞƐ
గ௫ గ௫ గ௫ గ
ܽሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ͳ ൅ ൌ ʹ ฻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ൅ Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
භ'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ďͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௕ ൌ Թ
െͳ ൑ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൑ ͳ ฻ െͶ ൑ Ͷ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൑ Ͷ ฻ െʹ ൑ Ͷ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൅ ʹ ൑ ͸͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
‫ܦ‬Ԣ௕ ൌ ሾെʹǡ ͸ሿ͘
භĞƌŽƐ
గ గ గ గ ଵ
ܾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͷ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ െ ฻
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ ଶ
గ గ ଶగ గ గ ଶగ
฻ ‫ݔ‬൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ݔ ש‬ ൅ ൌെ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
଺ ଷ ଷ ଺ ଷ ଷ
గ గ గ
฻ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ݔ ש‬ ൌ െߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ͳʹ݇ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ͸ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଷ ଺
භDŝŶŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞƐ
గ గ గ గ
ܾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െʹ ฻ Ͷ ቀ ଺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଷ ቁ ൅ ʹ ൌ െʹ ฻ ቀ ଺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଷ ቁ ൌ െͳ ฻
గ గ గ ଶగ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
භDĂǆŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞƐ
గ గ గ గ
ܾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͸ ฻ Ͷ ቀ଺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଷ ቁ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͸ ฻ ቀ ଺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଷ ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻
గ గ గ గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଷ ଺ ଷ
භ'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ĐͿභŽŵşŶŝŽ
గ గ గ
‫ܦ‬௖ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ସ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଶ ് ଶ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժቅ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ് ݔ‬Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժሽ
‫ܦ‬Ԣ௖ ൌ Թ
භĞƌŽƐ
గ గ గ గ ଵ
ܿሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ െ ฻
ସ ଶ ସ ଶ ଶ
ഏ
గ గ ቀି଴ǡସ଺ି ቁସ
మ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൎ െͲǡͶ͸ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൎ ൅ Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൎ െʹǡ͸ ൅ Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ସ ଶ గ


භƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͗
గ గ గ
௫՜ସ௞ ష ʹ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൅ ͳ ൌ ʹ ቀ ൅ ݇ߨ ି ቁ ൅ ͳ ൌ ʹ ൈ ሺ൅λሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ ൅λ Ğ
ସ ଶ ଶ
గ గ గ ା
௫՜ସ௞ శ ʹ ቀ ସ ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ቁ ൅ͳ ൌ ʹ ቀ ൅ ݇ߨ ቁ ൅ ͳ ൌ ʹ ൈ ሺെλሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ െλ
ଶ ଶ
භ'ƌĄĨŝĐŽ

ϱϱ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĞŵƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĚŽƐĐĂƐŽƐ͗
භŽĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾെܽ ൅ ݀ǡ ܽ ൅ ݀ሿ͖
ଶగ
භŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͖
௕
ഏ
ି௖ାଶ௞గ
භƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŵĂǆŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ మ
ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
௕
െܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ െʹ ݀ൌʹ
ĂͿභቄ ฻ቄ
ܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ ͸ ܽൌͶ
ଶగ ଶగ
භ ൌ ͷ ฻ ܾ ൌ
௕ ହ
ഏ
ି௖ାଶ௞గ గ ଷగ
භ మ
మഏ ൌ ͷ ฻ െ ܿ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ൌ ʹߨ ฻ ܿ ൌ െ
ଶ ଶ
൅ ʹ݇ߨ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌĚĞܿĠ͕ƉŽƌ
ఱ
ଷగ
ĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕െ ͘
ଶ
െܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ െ͵ ݀ൌʹ
ďͿභቄ ฻ቄ
ܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ ͹ ܽൌͷ
ଶగ గ
භ ൌ ʹͲ ฻ ܾ ൌ
௕ ଵ଴
ഏ
ି௖ାଶ௞గ గ గ
භ మ
ഏ ൌͷ ฻ െ ܿ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ൌ ฻ ܿ ൌ ʹ݇ߨ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌĚĞܿĠ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕Ͳ͘
ଶ ଶ
భబ
െܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ ͳ ݀ൌ͵
ĐͿභቄ ฻ቄ
ܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ ͷ ܽൌʹ
ଶగ గ
භ ൌ ͳͲͲ ฻ ܾ ൌ
௕ ହ଴
ഏ
ି௖ାଶ௞గ గ ଶଷగ గ
භ మ
ഏ ൌ ʹ͵ ฻ െ
ଶ
ܿ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ൌ
ହ଴
฻ܿൌ
ଶହ
൅ ʹ݇ߨ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌĚĞܿĠ͕ƉŽƌ
ఱబ
గ
ĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ ͘
ଶହ

ϱϲ͘ĂͿKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂͳʹ͘


ďͿ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ሾെ͸ǡ Ͷሿ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භŽĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾെܽ ൅ ݀ǡ ܽ ൅ ݀ሿ͖
ଶగ
භŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͖
௕
ି௖ାଶ௞గ
භƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŵĂǆŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͖ƵŵŵĂǆŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞĚĞ݂Ġͷ͖
௕
െܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ െ͸ ݀ ൌ െͳ
භቄ ฻ቄ
ܽ ൅ ݀ ൌ Ͷ ܽ ൌ ͷ
ଶగ గ
භ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ܾ ൌ
௕ ଺
ି௖ାଶ௞గ ହగ ହగ ଻గ
භ ഏ ൌ ͷ ฻ െܿ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ൌ
଺
฻ܿൌെ
଺
൅ ʹ݇ߨ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌĚĞܿĠ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ ͘
଺
ల
గ ଻గ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƵŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽĂŶĂůşƚŝĐĂƉĂƌĂĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂Ġͷ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ െ ͳ͘
଺ ଺

WĄŐ͘ϰϭ
గ గ
ϱϳ͘භKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ ൌ ͸͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൌ ͘
௕ ଺
గ
භdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĂĚŽŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĞ݂͕ܾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ ݊ߨǡ ݊ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
ଶ
గ గ గ
ൈ ሺ͸݇ሻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ ݊ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժǡ ݊ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ݇ߨ ൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ ݊ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժǡ ݊ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
଺ ଶ ଶ
గ గ
฻ ܿ ൌ ൅ ሺ݊ െ ݇ሻߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժǡ ݊ ‫ א‬Ժ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌĚĞܿĠ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ ͘
ଶ ଶ
ଷగ గ
݂ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ʹ ܽ ቀ ଺ ൅ ଶ ቁ ൅ ݀ ൌ ʹ ܽ ߨ ൅ ݀ ൌ ʹ ݀ ൌ ʹ ݀ ൌ ʹ
භ൜ ฻ቐ ฻ቊ ଷగ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ
݂ሺͳǡͷሻ ൌ Ͷ ܽ ቀ
ଵǡହగ గ
൅ ቁ൅݀ ൌ Ͷ ܽ ସ
൅ ݀ ൌ Ͷ െܽ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͷ ܽ ൌ െʹ
଺ ଶ
గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െʹ ቀ ଺ ‫ݔ‬
൅ ቁ ൅ ʹ͘
ଶ

ϱϴ͘ĂͿ݂ሺͶͶሻ ൌ ͳʹǡʹ ൅ ʹǡ͸Ͷ ሺͲǡͲͳ͹ ൈ ͶͶ ൅ Ͷǡͺͻ͵ሻ ൌ ͳͲǡ͸ͳͺ͹ͺ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƐŽůƉƀƐͲƐĞăƐ͹ǡͷ ൅ ͳͲǡ͸ͳͺ͹ͺ ൌ ͳͺǡͳͳͺ͹ͺ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ăƐͳͺŚŽƌĂƐĞ͹ŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
ďͿƐďŽĕĂŶĚŽ͕ƐŽďƌĞƉŽƐƚŽƐ͕ŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĞ݂͕ƚĞŵŽƐƵŵĂďŽĂƉĞƌĐĞĕĆŽĚŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐƚŽ͗

dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ʹǡ͵
݂ሺ݊ሻ ൌ ͳͶǡͷ ฻ ͳʹǡʹ ൅ ʹǡ͸Ͷ ሺͲǡͲͳ͹݊ ൅ Ͷǡͺͻ͵ሻ ൌ ͳͶǡͷ ฻ ሺͲǡͲͳ͹݊ ൅ Ͷǡͺͻ͵ሻ ൌ
ʹǡ͸Ͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ሺͲǡͲͳ͹݊ ൅ Ͷǡͺͻ͵ሻ ൎ Ͳǡͺ͹͘
KƌĂ͕ Ͳǡͺ͹ ൎ ͳǡͲͷͷ͘


ŶƚĆŽ͗
ͲǡͲͳ͹݊ ൅ Ͷǡͺͻ͵ ൌ ͳǡͲͷͷ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫Ͳ ש‬ǡͲͳ͹݊ ൅ Ͷǡͺͻ͵ ൌ ߨ െ ͳǡͲͷͷ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
฻ ͲǡͲͳ͹݊ ൌ െ͵ǡͺ͵ͺ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫Ͳ ש‬ǡͲͳ͹݊ ൌ ߨ െ ͷǡͻͶͺ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ିଷǡ଼ଷ଼ାଶ௞గ గିହǡଽସ଼ାଶ௞గ
฻݊ൌ ‫ ݊ש‬ൌ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଴ǡ଴ଵ଻ ଴ǡ଴ଵ଻
ƐĚƵĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚĂƐƐĆŽĂƐƋƵĞƐĞŽďƚġŵƉĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
݊ ൎ ͳͶ͵ǡͺ͵Ğ݊ ൎ ʹͲͶǡͷʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽĚŝĂĞŵƋƵĞ݂ሺ݊ሻ ൐ ͳͶǡͷĠŽͳͶͶǤŽĚŝĂĚŽĂŶŽĞŽ
ƷůƚŝŵŽĠŽʹͲͶǤŽ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĂůĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞĚƵƌĂŶƚĞ͸ͳĚŝĂƐ͘

ϱϵ͘ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌ݄ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݄ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ܽ ሺܾ‫ ݐ‬൅ ܿሻ ൅ ͕݀ܽ ൐ Ͳǡ ܾ ൐ ͲĞܿ ‫ א‬ሾͲǡ ʹߨሾ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ሾͶǡ͵Ǣ ͹ǡͻሿ͕ŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠʹߨ͕
݄ሺͷሻ ൌ Ͷǡ͵Ğ݄ሺͳͳሻ ൌ ͹ǡͻ͘
݀ െ ܽ ൌ Ͷǡ͵ ʹ݀ ൌ ͳʹǡʹ ݀ ൌ ͸ǡͳ

ĂͿභ൜ ฻൜ ฻൜
݀ ൅ ܽ ൌ ͹ǡͻ ݀ ൅ ܽ ൌ ͹ǡͻ ܽ ൌ ͳǡͺ
ଶగ గ
භ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ܾ ൌ
௕ ଺
గ ଵଵగ గ
භ݄ሺͳͳሻ ൌ ͹ǡͻ ฻ ͳǡͺ ቀ ൈ ͳͳ ൅ ܿቁ ൅ ͸ǡͳ ൌ ͹ǡͻ ฻ ቀ ൅ ܿቁ ൌ ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܿ ൌ ͘
଺ ଺ ଺
గ గ గ గ ଵ
ďͿ݄ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͸ ฻ ͳǡͺ ቀ ଺ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ଺ ቁ ൅ ͸ǡͳ ൌ ͸ ฻ ቀ ଺ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ଺ ቁ ൌ െ ଵ଼
గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൎ െͲǡͲͷ͸͘
଺ ଺
KƌĂ͕ሺെͲǡͲͷ͸ሻ ൎ ͳǡ͸ʹ͹͘
ŶƚĆŽ͗
గ గ గ గ
‫ ݐ‬൅ ൌ ͳǡ͸ʹ͹ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݐ ש‬൅ ൌ െͳǡ͸ʹ͹ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
଺ ଺ ଺ ଺
ഏ ഏ
ଵǡ଺ଶ଻ି ାଶ௞గ ିଵǡ଺ଶ଻ି ାଶ௞గ
‫ݐ‬ൌ ഏ
ల
‫ ݐש‬ൌ ഏ
ల
ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ల ల
ഏ
ିଵǡ଺ଶ଻ି ାଶగ
ƐŽůƵĕĆŽƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚĂ͕ŽŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌĚĞ‫ݐ‬ƋƵĞĠŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ͹͕Ġ ഏ
ల
͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
ల
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͹ǡͺͻ͵͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉƌĞĐŝƐŽƵĚĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƌ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕Ͳǡͺͻ͵ŚŽƌĂƐ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͷͶŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϰϮ
గ ଶగ ଶగ
ϲϬ͘ĂͿ‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͺ ቀ ൈ Ͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͺ ൌ െͶ
଺ ଷ ଷ
గ ଶగ
ďͿKŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌƋƵĞ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁƉŽĚĞƚŽŵĂƌĠെͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂŵĞŶŽƌĂďĐŝƐƐĂƋƵĞŽƉŽŶƚŽܲƉŽĚĞ
଺ ଷ
ƚĞƌĠെͺ͘
గ ଶగ
KŵĂŝŽƌǀĂůŽƌƋƵĞ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁƉŽĚĞƚŽŵĂƌĠͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂŵĂŝŽƌĂďĐŝƐƐĂƋƵĞŽƉŽŶƚŽܲƉŽĚĞƚĞƌ
଺ ଷ
Ġͺ͘
గ గ ଶగ ଵ
ĐͿŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ͗ͺ͖ƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽ͗ ͖ĨĂƐĞ͗ ͖ƉĞƌşŽĚŽ͗ ഏ ൌ ͳʹ͖ĨƌĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂ͗
଺ ଺ ଵଶ
ల


ϲϭ͘ĂͿ
ďϭͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ ܯ‬ൌ ͵͕ܰ ൌ ͵͕‫ ݓ‬ൌ ʹĞ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵ͕‫ ܣ‬ൌ ξͳͺ͘
ଷ ξଶ ଷ ξଶ ଻గ
භ ߶ ൌ ൌ Ğ ߶ ൌെ ൌെ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ߶ ൌ ͘
ξଵ଼ ଶ ξଵ଼ ଶ ସ
଻గ
ŶƚĆŽ͕͵ ሺʹ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ͵ ሺʹ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ξͳͺ ቀʹ‫ ݐ‬൅ ସ ቁ͘
ďϮͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ ܯ‬ൌ ͳ͕ܰ ൌ െͳ͕‫ ݓ‬ൌ ߨĞ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵ͕‫ ܣ‬ൌ ξʹ͘
ିଵ ξଶ ଵ ξଶ ହగ
භ ߶ ൌ ൌെ Ğ ߶ ൌെ ൌെ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ߶ ൌ ͘
ξଶ ଶ ξଶ ଶ ସ
ହగ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ሺߨ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ሺߨ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ξʹ ቀߨ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁ͘
ସ
ďϯͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ ܯ‬ൌ െʹ͕ܰ ൌ െξͳʹ͕‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͵ߨĞ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵ͕‫ ܣ‬ൌ ξͳ͸ ൌ Ͷ͘
ିξଵଶ ξଷ ିଶ ଵ ହగ
භ ߶ ൌ ସ
ൌെ ଶ
Ğ ߶ ൌെ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ߶ ൌ ͘
ସ ଶ ଺
ହగ
ŶƚĆŽ͕െʹ ሺ͵ߨ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ξͳʹ ሺ͵ߨ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͷ ቀ͵ߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ͘
଺
ďϰͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ ܯ‬ൌ െξͶͺ͕ܰ ൌ Ͷ͕‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͳĞ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵ͕‫ ܣ‬ൌ ξ͸Ͷ ൌ ͺ͘
ସ ଵ ିξସ଼ ξଷ గ
භ ߶ ൌ ൌ Ğ ߶ ൌ െ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ߶ ൌ ͘
଼ ଶ ଼ ଶ ଷ
గ
ŶƚĆŽ͕െξͶͺ ‫ ݐ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͺ ቀ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ͘
ଷ
ďϱͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ ܯ‬ൌ ͵͕ܰ ൌ Ͷ͕ǁൌ ͺĞ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵ͕‫ ܣ‬ൌ ξʹͷ ൌ ͷ͘
ସ ଷ
භ ߶ ൌ Ğ ߶ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ߶ ൎ െͲǡ͸Ͷ ൅ ʹߨ ൎ ͷǡ͸Ͷ͘
ହ ହ
ŶƚĆŽ͕͵ ሺͺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ͵ ሺͺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͷ ሺͺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͷǡ͸Ͷሻ͘

௞ ଷ଺
ϲϮ͘ĂͿ ൌ ൌ ͻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ‫ ݔ‬ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ െͻ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ͘
௠ ସ


ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
௞ ସହ
භ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݏ݋ܿܣ‬൫ξߙ‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾ൯Ğߙ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻ͘
௠ ହ
භ‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ െͶ
භ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ െͻ
KƌĂ͕‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ‫ ܣ‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ൈ ͵ሾെ ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻሿ ൌ െ͵‫ ܣ‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ
‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ െͶ ‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ െͶ ‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ െͶ
൜ ᇱ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฺ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ଶ ܾ ൅ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ଶ ܾ ൌ ʹͷ ฺ
‫ ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ െͻ െ͵‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ െͻ ‫ ܾ ܣ‬ൌ ͵
ฺ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ሺଶ ܾ ൅ ଶ ܾሻ ൌ ʹͷ ฺ ‫ܣ‬ଶ ൌ ʹͷ ฺ ด ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ͷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͷܿ‫ݏ݋‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܾሻ͘
ሺ஺வ଴ሻ
ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŵŽƐ͕ĂŐŽƌĂ͕ŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܾ͗
ସ
ܾ ൌ െ గ
ହ
dĞŵͲƐĞቐ ଷ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܾ ‫ א‬ቃ ǡ ߨቂ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൎ ʹǡͷ͘
ଶ
ܾ ൌ
ହ
ŶƚĆŽ͕‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͷܿ‫ݏ݋‬ሺ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ʹǡͷሻ͘



WĄŐ͘ϰϯ
ϲϯ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞܱ͗‫ܥ‬ തതതത ൌ ͳ͘
തതതത ൌ െ ߙĞܱ‫ܣ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƉĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽĠĚĂĚŽƉŽƌെʹ ߙ ൅ ʹ ൌ ʹሺͳ െ ߙሻ͘

ϲϰ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ݕ‬௉ ĂŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽܲ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗‫ݕ‬௉ ൌ ߙ͕ܴܳ തതതത ൌ െ ߙĞܱܴ
തതതത ൌ ߙ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
തതതത തതതതା௬ು ሻ
ோொ ൈሺைோ ି ୡ୭ୱ ఈൈሺୱୣ୬ ఈାୱୣ୬ ఈሻ ିଶ ୡ୭ୱ ఈ ୱୣ୬ ఈ ଵ ଵ
ƌĞĂൌ ଶ
ൌ ଶ
ൌ ൌ െ ሺʹߙሻ ൌ ሺʹߙ ൅ ߨሻ
ଶ ଶ ଶ

ϲϱ͘;Ϳ
௫ ௫ ଵ ௫ ௫ ଵ ௫ ଵ ௫
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀଵ଴ቁ ቀଵ଴ቁ ൌ ଶ ቂʹ ቀଵ଴ቁ ቀଵ଴ቁቃ ൌ ଶ ቀʹ ൈ ଵ଴ቁ ൌ ଶ ቀହቁ

ϲϲ͘;Ϳ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ሾሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻሿଶ ൌ ͳ െ ሾଶ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ଶሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ
ൌ ͳ െ ሾͳ െ ʹ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ʹ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺͷͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳͲͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ

WĄŐ͘ϰϰ
ϲϳ͘;Ϳ
గ గ గ గ ି
ቀ െ ݁ ି௡ ቁ ൌ ቀ െ ݁ ିஶ ቁ ൌ ቀ െ Ͳା ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൅λ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

ϲϴ͘;Ϳ
ଵሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ଵ ʹ
ଶ ଶ െͳ
శ ൌ ା
ൌ ା ൌ െλ
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ Ͳ Ͳ

ϲϵ͘;Ϳ
଴
݁ ௫ ଴ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬ ͳ ͳ ͳ
ଶ௫ ௫
ൌ
ฎ
ณ శ ଶ ൌ శ ൌ శ ൤ ൈ ൨ൌͳൈ ൌ
௫ืିஶ ݁ ൅ ͷ݁ ௬ୀ௘ ೣ ௬ื଴ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͷ‫ ݕ‬௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͷሻ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬൅ͷ ͷ ͷ

ϳϬ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞെͳ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͳ ฻ െ ௘ ೣ ൑ ௘ ೣ ൑ ௘ ೣ
ଵ ଵ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ŽŵŽ௫ืାஶ ቀെ ቁ ൌ ͲĞ௫ืାஶ ௫ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ௫ืାஶ ௘ೣ
ൌ Ͳ͘
௫


ϳϭ͘;Ϳ
గ గ
ĂĚĂƐĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐሺܽ௡ ሻĞሺܾ௡ ሻĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉŽƌܽ௡ ൌ ൅ ʹ݊ߨǡ ݊ ‫ א‬ԳĞܾ௡ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݊ߨǡ ݊ ‫ א‬Գ͕
ଶ ଶ
ୱୣ୬ ௔೙ ଵ ୱୣ୬ ௕೙ ିଵ
ƚĞŵͲƐĞሺܽ௡ ሻ ൌ ൅λĞሺܾ௡ ሻ ൌ ൅λ͕ŵĂƐ ൌ ൌ ൅λĞ ൌ ൌ െλ͕
௘ షೌ೙ ଴శ ௘ ష್೙ ଴శ
ୱୣ୬ ௫
ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ௫ืାஶ ൌ Ͳ͘
௘ షೣ

ϳϮ͘;Ϳ
଴
ሺܽ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܽሻ ଴ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬ ܽ ‫ܽ ݕ‬ ܽ
ൌ
ฎ
ณ ‫ݕ‬ െ ܽ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൈͳൌ
௫ืିଵ ܾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܾ ௬ୀ௔௫ା௔ ௬ื଴ ܾ ቀ ቁ ൅ ܾ ௬ื଴ ܾ ‫ ݕ‬െ ܾ ൅ ܾ ܾ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ ܾ ܾ
ܽ ܽ

ϳϯ͘;Ϳ
‫ͳ ݔ‬ ‫ͳ ݔ‬ ͳ
శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ శ ൌ శ ൌ ൈͳ ൌ
௫ื଴ ௫ื଴ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ʹ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ʹ ʹ
Ğ
݁ ଶ௫ െ ͳ ͳ ݁ ଶ௫ െ ͳ ʹ ݁ ଶ௫ െ ͳ ʹ ʹ
ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ൌ ష ቆʹ ൈ ቇൌ ష ൌ ൈͳൌ
௫ื଴ ௫ื଴ ݇‫ݔ‬ ݇ ଶ௫ื଴ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ݇ ଶ௫ื଴ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ݇ ݇
ଶ ଵ
KƌĂ͕ ൌ ฻ ݇ ൌ Ͷ͘
௞ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϰϱ
ϳϰ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫͗ܽ ് ݔ‬
଴
ሺܽ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଴ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ൌ ൌ െ ൌ െͳ
௫ื௔ ௫ื௔ ‫ ݔ‬െ ܽ ௬ୀ௔ି௫ ௬ื଴ െ‫ݕ‬ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݇ ൌ െͳ͘

ϳϱ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫͗Ͳ ് ݔ‬
͵ߨ ଴
ቀ ʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ଴ െ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌฎ ൌ െ ൌ െͳ
௫ื଴ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܽ ൅ ʹ ൌ െͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܽ ൌ െ͵͘

ϳϲ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ᇱ ଵᇲ ൈୱୣ୬ ௫ିଵൈሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌെ ൌെ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ഏ ξయ
గ ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݂ ᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ల
ഏ ൌെ మ
భ ൌ െʹξ͵͘
଺ ୱୣ୬మቀ ቁ
ల ర


ϳϳ͘;Ϳ
గ
KůŝŵŝƚĞĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݂ ᇱ ቀ ቁ͘
ସ
ೣ
௫ ᇱ ௫ ᇲ ൈ୲୥ ௫ି௫ൈሺ୲୥ ௫ሻᇲ ୲୥ ௫ି
ౙ౥౩మ ೣ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ
୲୥మ ௫
ൌ
୲୥మ ௫
͘
୲୥ ௫
ഏ ഏ
ഏ ቀ ቁ
୲୥ቀ ቁି ర
ഏ ଵି భర
గ ర ౙ౥౩మቀ ቁ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ቀ ସ ቁ ൌ ഏ
ర
ൌ
ଵ
మ
ൌ ͳ െ ͘
ଶ
୲୥మ ቀ ቁ
ర

ϳϴ͘;Ϳ
݂ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݄ሻ ݂ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݄ሻ െ ݂ሺͲሻ
ൌ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ
௛ื଴ ݄ ௛ื଴ ݄
dĞŵͲƐĞ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ʹ Ͳ ൌ ʹ͘

ϳϵ͘;Ϳ
ŶĂůŝƐĞŵŽƐ͕ƵŵĂĂƵŵĂ͕ĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂƐ͘
ͻKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ݄͗ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬
గ
EĞƐƚĂŽƉĕĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕‫ א ݔ׊‬ቃ ǡ ߨቂ ǡ ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ͘
ଶ
ͻKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ݄͗ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬
ହగ ξଷ ଵ
EĞƐƚĂŽƉĕĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕݄ᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ଶ ൅ ൏ Ͳ͘
଺ ଶ
ͻKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ݄͗ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬
ଶగ ξଷ ଵ
EĞƐƚĂŽƉĕĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕݄ᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ଶ െ ቀെ ቁ ൏ Ͳ͘
ଷ ଶ
ͻKƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ݄͗ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾെ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬
గ
EĞƐƚĂŽƉĕĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕‫ א ݔ׊‬ቃ ǡ ߨቂ ǡ ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ͘
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϰϲ
ϴϬ͘;Ϳ
ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ൌ
ୱୣ୬ ௫
ൌ ౩౛౤ ೣ ൌ
୲୥ ௫

ౙ౥౩ ೣ

ϴϭ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଵ గ ଵ
ͻ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ భ ൌ ʹ͘
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ସ
మ
గ
ͻ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ
ସ
గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳ ൌ ʹ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ସ ቁ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ଶ ൅ ͳ͘
KƌĂ͕ĚŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽƐ͕ƐŽŵĞŶƚĞŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăƌĞƚĂ͘

ϴϮ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ሾെͳǡ ͳሿ͕ŽƋƵĞĞǆĐůƵŝĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘
ͻ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫͕ݔ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞെͳ ൑ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ͕ŽƋƵĞĞǆĐůƵŝĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;Ϳ͘


ϴϯ͘;Ϳ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ െͶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
గ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െͶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ
WĂƌĂƚŽĚŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐĚĞ݇ƚĂŝƐƋƵĞ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͳǡ ʹǡ ǥ ǡ ʹͻሽ͕ŽƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐĚĞ‫ݔ‬ƐĆŽǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ
݂ ᇱᇱ ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞƐĂሿͲǡ ͳͷߨሾĞ͕ŶĞƐƐĞƐƉŽŶƚŽƐ͕݂ ᇱᇱ ƚƌŽĐĂĚĞƐŝŶĂů͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ĚĞ݂ƚĞŵϮϵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘

ϴϰ͘;Ϳ
ଶ௫ାగ ଶ గ ଶగ
݂ቀ ቁ ൌ ݂ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂ మ ൌ ͵ߨ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ
య

ϴϱ͘;Ϳ
భ
ଶିୱୣ୬ሺହ଴௫ሻ ୡ୭ୱሺହ଴௫ሻ ଶି ୱୣ୬ሺଵ଴଴௫ሻ ଶ ଵ ξଶ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ మ
ൌ ଶെ ሺͳͲͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ξʹ െ ሺͳͲͲ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ξଶ ξଶ ξ ଶξଶ ସ
ξଶ ξଶ ଷξଶ ହξଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ቂξʹ െ ǡ ξʹ ൅ ቃ ൌ ቂ ǡ ቃ͘
ସ ସ ସ ସ

ϴϲ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ
గ గ గ ௫ గ గ గ ௫ గ గ గ గ ௫ గ ଷగ
െ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ฻ െ ൑ ൑ ฻ െ ൅ ൑ ൅ ൑ ൅ ฻ ൑ ൅ ൑
ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ ସ ଶ ଶ ସ
గ గ ξଶ ௫ గ ξଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂെ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͕ ൑ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൑ ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ቂ ǡ ͳቃ͘

WĄŐ͘ϰϳ
ϴϳ͘;Ϳ
గ ଶగ ଵ ξଶ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͕െ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͕Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕Ͳ ൑ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͘
ସ ଷ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ቂͲǡ ቃ͘
ଶ

ϴϴ͘;Ϳ
ĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞĠʹ͖ŝƐƚŽĞǆĐůƵŝĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;Ϳ͘ƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽĠߨ͖ŝƐƚŽĞǆĐůƵŝĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘

ϴϵ͘;Ϳ
ଵ
ŽŵŽĂĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞĠ ͕ĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;ͿĞƐƚĆŽĞǆĐůƵşĚĂƐ͘
ଶ
ଵ గ௧ାగ ଵ గ గ గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ŶŽĐĂƐŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͕ƐĞƚĞŵƋƵĞĂĨĂƐĞĠ ĞƋƵĞĂ
ഏ
ଵ ଵ
ĨƌĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ మഏ ൌ మ
ൌ ͘
ഏ ଶగ ସ
మ

ϵϬ͘;Ϳ
ଶగ ଵ
^ĞĂƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂߨ͕ŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĨƌĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
గ ଶ


గ ୱୣ୬ ௫ గ ଵ
ϵϭ͘ĂͿ ቀ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬െ ൌ െͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳ ฻
଺ ଶ ଺ ଶ
గ గ గ గ
฻ ቀ ଺ ቁ ‫ ݔ‬െ ቀ ቁ ‫ݔ‬
଺
ൌ െͳ ฻ ቀ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ൌ െͳ ฻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
଺ ଺
ହగ
฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
ďͿ ‫ ݔ‬െ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ଶ ଶ െ ଶ ଶ െ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ʹ ଶ ଶ െ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
฻ െʹ ଶ െ ൅ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ଶ ൅ െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ด ʹ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ೣ
௬ୀୱୣ୬
మ
ଷ ௫ ଷ ௫ ௫ ௫ గ
‫ ݕ‬ൌെ ‫ ݕש‬ൌͳ ฻
ด ൌ െ ‫ ש‬ൌ ͳ ฻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ᇣᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇥ
ଶ ೣ
௬ୀୱୣ୬ ௘௤Ǥ௜௠௣௢௦௦À௩௘௟
మ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ ൅ Ͷ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ĐͿሺͶ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻

฻ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ͳሿ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔʹ ש‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
௞గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ

గ ଵ ଵ
ϵϮ͘ሺߨ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ቀ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൅ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ െ‫ݔ‬ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻
ଶ ଷ ଷ
ͳ ͳ
฻ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ
͵ ͵
ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଵ ଶ ଼
WŽƌŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ ൅ ൌ ͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൅ ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ଷ ଽ
଼ ଵ ଻
>ŽŐŽ͕ሺͶ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ଶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ൌ ͘
ଽ ଽ ଽ

గ గ గ
ϵϯ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ് ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժቅ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݇ ് ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬ଶ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժቅ ൌ
గ
ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݇ ് ݔ‬ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժቅ
ଶ
ďͿ

ଶ ଶ ଵ గ
ĐͿȁ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻȁ ൏ Ͷ ฻ ቚ ቚ ൏ Ͷ ฻ ȁୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻȁ ൏ Ͷ ฻ ȁሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻȁ ൐ ‫ ߨ ് ݔ ר ് ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬฻
ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
฻ ȁሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻȁ ൐ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ ‫ ש‬ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ െ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ
గ ହగ ଻గ ଵଵగ
฻ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ൏ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൏ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ש‬ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ൏ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൏ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
଺ ଺ ଺ ଺
฻ ൅ ݇ߨ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫ש‬ ൅ ݇ߨ ൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳื ൏‫ݔ‬൏ ‫ש‬ ൏‫ݔ‬൏ ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽƐĞƐƚĆŽĐŽŶƚŝĚŽƐĞŵሾͲǡ ߨሿ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽƐƚĞŵĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞƐ
ĂሾͲǡ ߨሿ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠቃ ǡ ቂ ‫ ׫‬ቃ ǡ ቂ͘


WĄŐ͘ϰϴ
ϵϰ͘ĂͿ

ସ
ďͿሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ͮǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽϮϮ͘ĂͿ
ଷ
ଶ ୲୥ ௫ ସ ଶ ଶ ଵ
฻ ൌ ฻ Ͷ െ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͸ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ଵି୲୥మ ௫ ଷ ଶ
ଷగ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ א ݔ‬ቃߨǡ ቂ͕ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ͘
ଶ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଵ ଵ ଵ ସ ଶξହ ଶξହ
ͻͳ ൅ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ͳ൅ ൌ ฻ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ש‬ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ସ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ହ ହ ହ
ଷగ ଶξହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫ א ݔ‬ቃߨǡ ቂ͕ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ହ ͘
ଶ
ସ ଵ ξହ ξହ
ͻଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ש‬ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ହ ହ ହ ହ
ଷగ ξହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫א ݔ‬ ቃߨǡ ଶ ቂ͕ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ହ ͘
ͳ ξͷ ξͷ ʹξͷ
ʹ ൈ ʹ െ Ͷ ൈ ቆെ ቇ ൅ ʹ ൈ ቆെ ቇ ൈ ቆെ
ʹ ‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ͷ ͷ ͷ ቇ ͻ ൅ Ͷξͷ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൌ ൌ
Ͷ Ͷ ʹͲ

ϵϱ͘ĂͿ
ďͿWŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƌŽƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽƉŽůşŐŽŶŽĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐƚŽĞŵ݊ƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽƐĐŽŵŽŽƐĚĂĨŝŐƵƌĂ͕ĞŵƋƵĞ
തതതത ൌ ͳ;ƉŽƌƐĞƌŝŐƵĂůĂŽƌĂŝŽĚĂĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂͿĞĞŵƋƵĞߙ ൌ ଶగ͘
‫ܤܣ‬ ௡
మഏ
௔ గ
തതതത ൌ ݊ ൈ ʹ‫ܤܣ‬
ƐƐŝŵ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫݌‬௡ ൌ ݊ ൈ ‫ܥܣ‬ തതതത ቀ ቁ ൌ ݊ ൈ ʹ ቆ ቇ ൌ ʹ݊ ቀ ቁ͘ ೙
ଶ ଶ ௡
ĐͿ


ϵϲ͘ĂͿ
଴
ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ଴ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬
ଶ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ଶ
ൌ ଶ ൌ ൌ
௫ืିଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ௬ื଴ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ʹሻ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬െ ʹ െ ʹ ௬ื଴ ‫ ݕ‬െ ͵‫ݕ‬ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ͵ሻ
௬ୀ௫ାଶ
‫ݕ‬ ͳ ͳ ͳ
ൌ ൤ ൈ ൨ ൌ ͳ ൈ ൬െ ൰ ൌ െ
௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬െ͵ ͵ ͵
ďͿ
଴ ݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ͳ ݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ͳ ݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ͳ
݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫
െͳ ଴
ฎ
ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ௫ื଴ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ୱୣ୬ ௫ื଴ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ൌ ͳ
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬ ͳ

‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬
ĐͿ
଴
‫ݔ‬ ଴ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ߨሻ ‫ݕ‬
ൌ
ฎ
ณ ൌ െ ൌ െͳ
௫ืగ ߨ െ ‫ݔ‬
௬ୀ௫ିగ
௬ื଴ െ‫ݕ‬ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬
ĚͿ
଴ ߨ ߨ
‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ ଴ ቀ‫ ݕ‬൅ Ͷ ቁ െ ቀ‫ ݕ‬൅ Ͷ ቁ
గ ൌ
ฎ
ณ ൌ
௫ื Ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ߨ గ ௬ื଴ Ͷ‫ݕ‬
ସ ௬ୀ௫Ȃ
ସ
ߨ ߨ ߨ ߨ
‫ ݕ‬ቀͶ ቁ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ቀͶ ቁ െ ቂ ‫ ݕ‬ቀͶ ቁ െ ‫ ݕ‬ቀͶ ቁቃ
ൌ ൌ
௬ื଴ Ͷ‫ݕ‬
ξʹ ‫ ݕ‬ξʹ ‫ ݕ‬ξʹ
ൌ ൌ ൌ
௬ื଴ Ͷ‫ݕ‬ Ͷ ௬ื଴ ‫ݕ‬ Ͷ

WĄŐ͘ϰϵ
ϵϳ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
଴
ͳ െ ξͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬଴ ൫ͳ െ ξͳ െ ‫ݔ‬൯൫ͳ ൅ ξͳ െ ‫ݔ‬൯ ‫ݔ‬
Ȉ ష ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ష ସ௫ ൌ
ฎ ష ൌ ష ൌ
௫ื଴ ௫ื଴ ݁ െͳ ௫ื଴ ሺ݁ ସ௫ െ ͳሻ൫ͳ ൅ ξͳ െ ‫ݔ‬൯ ௫ื଴ ሺ݁ ସ௫ െ ͳሻ൫ͳ ൅ ξͳ െ ‫ݔ‬൯
‫ݔ‬ ͳ ͳ
Ͷ‫ݔ‬ Ͷ Ͷ ͳ
ൌ ష ൌ ൌ ൌ
௫ื଴ ݁ ସ௫ െ ͳ ݁ ସ௫ െ ͳ ͳ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ͳሻ ͺ
൅ െ ‫ݔ‬൯ ష ష൫ͳ ൅ ξͳ െ ‫ݔ‬൯
Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൫ͳ ξͳ ସ௫ื଴ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬௫ื଴


଴
ͳ െ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଴ ሾͳ െ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻሿሾͳ ൅ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ͳ െ ଶሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ
Ȉ శ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ శ ൌฎ ൌ ൌ
௫ื଴ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ௫ื଴శ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሾͳ ൅ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ௫ื଴శ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሾͳ ൅ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ
ଶ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ ͳ ͳ ܽଶ

ൌ శ ൌ ቈ ൈ ൈ ቉ ൌ ܽ ൈ ܽ ൈ ൌ
௫ื଴ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሾͳ ൅ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ௫ื଴శ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬ ͳ ൅ ሺܽ‫ݔ‬ሻ ʹ ʹ
௔మ ଵ ଵ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĞǆŝƐƚĞ௫ื଴ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻƐĞĞƐſƐĞ ଶ ൌ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſƐĞܽ ൌ െ ŽƵܽ ൌ ͘
଼ ଶ ଶ

ϵϴ͘ĂͿ

ഏ
గ ଶ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁିୱୣ୬ గ ଵ గ
ďͿ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ మ
ൌ ͖ƚĂůƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽWĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĞĐŽŵŽƉŽŶƚŽĞŽ
ଶ ସ ଶ ଶ
ଵ
ƋƵĂĚƌŝůĄƚĞƌŽ΀KWYZ΁ĠƵŵƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĚĞůĂƌŐƵƌĂŝŐƵĂůĂ ĞĂůƚƵƌĂŝŐƵĂůĂϭ͘
ଶ
ଶ ୱୣ୬ ఈିୱୣ୬ሺଶఈሻ ᇱ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱ ሺߙሻ ൌ ቀ ସ
ቁ ൌ ሾʹ ߙ െ ሺʹߙሻሿᇱ ൌ ሾሺʹ ߙሻᇱ െ ሺሺʹߙሻሻᇱ ሿ ൌ
ସ ସ
ଵ ଵ
ൌ ሾʹ ߙ െ ʹ ሺʹߙሻሿ ൌ ሾ ߙ െ ሺʹߙሻሿ
ସ ଶ
ଵ
ሾ ߙ െ ሺʹߙሻሿ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ ሺʹߙሻ ฻ ߙ ൌ ʹߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ߙ ש‬ൌ െʹߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଶ
ଶ
฻ െߙ ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ߙ͵ ש‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߙ ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ߙ ש‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ
ଶగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺߙሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ ͘
ଷ

ଶగ
ĄƌĞĂĚŽƋƵĂĚƌŝůĄƚĞƌŽĠŵĄǆŝŵĂƉĂƌĂ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͘
ଷ

ϵϵ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͳ
ଵ ଶగ ଶగ
ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔʹ ש‬ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଶ ଷ ଷ
గ గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ
గ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሿെߨǡ ߨሾ͘
ଷ ଷ
ସగ ଶగ ଶగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͖ƐŽŵĞŶƚĞ ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሿെߨǡ ߨሾ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ଶగ ସగ ଶగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ଷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െ ଷ ͖ƐŽŵĞŶƚĞെ ଷ ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሿെߨǡ ߨሾ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿെߨǡ ߨሾ͘

EŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿെߨǡ ߨሾ͗
ďͿ
଴
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬଴ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ൌ ൌ
ฎ ቈ ൅ ͳ቉ ൌ ʹ ቆ ቇ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͵
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ଶ௫ื଴ ʹ‫ݔ‬
ĐͿ
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌሺʹߠሻ͕ƐĂďĞŶĚŽ

ଵ
ƋƵĞሺͶߠሻ ൌ ହ͘
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶ
KƌĂ͕ሺͶߠሻ ൌ ହ ฻ ଶ ሺʹߠሻ െ ଶ ሺʹߠሻ ൌ ହ ฻ ͳ െ ʹ ଶ ሺʹߠሻ ൌ ହ ฻ ଶሺʹߠሻ ൌ ହ ฻
ଶ ଶ
฻ ሺʹߠሻ ൌ െට ‫ ש‬ሺʹߠሻ ൌ ට
ହ ହ
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽʹߠ ‫ א‬ሾߨǡ ʹߨሿ͕ሺʹߠሻ ൌ െට ͘
ହ

WĄŐ͘ϱϬ
ϭϬϬ͘ĂͿKƉƌĞĕŽĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚƵƚĂĠĚĂĚŽ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫͕ܤ‬ƉŽƌ
‫ ܤܨ‬൅ ʹͷͲͲͲ ൈ തതതത
ͳͷͲͲͲ ൈ തതതത തതതത ĞŵŬŵ͘
തതതതĞ‫ܥܤ‬
‫͕ ܥܤ‬ĐŽŵ‫ܤܨ‬
଺ ଺ ଷ଺
൫‫ܤܨ‬෠‫ܥ‬൯ ൌ െ ฻ ൫‫ܤܣ‬෠‫ܥ‬൯ ൌ ฻ ൫‫ܤܣ‬෠‫ܥ‬൯ ൌ ටͳ െ ฻
଻ ଻ ସଽ
ξଵଷ ଶ ξଵଷ തതതത ൌ ଵସ
฻ ൫‫ܤܣ‬෠‫ܥ‬൯ ൌ ଻
฻ തതതത
ൌ ฻ ‫ܥܤ‬
஻஼ ଻ ξଵଷ


തതതത
஺஻ ଺ തതതത
஺஻ ଺ ଵସൈ଺ ଵଶ ଵଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕஻஼
തതതത
ൌ ฻ భర ൌ ฻ തതതത
‫ ܤܣ‬ൌ ൌ തതതത
͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܤܨ‬ ൌͶെ ͘
଻ ଻ ଻ξଵଷ ξଵଷ ξଵଷ
ξభయ
ଵଶ ଵସ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƉƌĞĕŽĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚƵƚĂĠ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ŝŐƵĂůĂͳͷͲͲͲ ൈ ቀͶ െ ቁ൅ ʹͷͲͲͲ ൈ ͕ŽƵ
ξଵଷ ξଵଷ
ƐĞũĂ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ͳͲ͹ͳͶͻǡͷʹĞƵƌŽƐ͘
ଵ തതതത
஺஼ ଵ
ďͿ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቀ ቁ ฻ തതതത തതതത ൌ Ͷ͖ĂĐŽŶĚƵƚĂ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ĠŽƐĞŐŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƌĞƚĂሾ‫ܥܨ‬ሿ͘
ൌ ฻ ‫ܤܣ‬
஺஻ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ തതതത ฻ തതതത
‫ ܥܤ‬ൌ Ğ ‫ݔ‬ തതതത ൌ
ൌ തതതത ฻ ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത
͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܤܨ‬ ൌͶെ ͘
஻஼ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ஺஻ ୲୥ ௫ ୲୥ ௫
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƉƌĞĕŽĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚƵƚĂ͕ĞŵŵŝůŚĂƌĞƐĚĞĞƵƌŽƐĠĚĂĚŽƉŽƌ͗
തതതത ൌ ͳͷ ቀͶ െ ଶ ቁ ൅ ʹͷ ଶ ൌ ͸Ͳ െ ଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ൅ ହ଴ ൌ ͸Ͳ ൅ ହ଴ିଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
തതതത ൅ ʹͷ‫ܥܤ‬
ͳͷ‫ܤܨ‬ ୲୥ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ହ଴ିଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ᇱ ହ଴ିଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ᇱ ሺହ଴ିଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିሺହ଴ିଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇱ
ĚͿቀ͸Ͳ ൅ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ଷ଴ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫ିሺହ଴ିଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଷ଴ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ିହ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଷ଴ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ଷ଴ିହ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
ൌ ൌ ൌ
ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ଷ଴ିହ଴ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଷ
ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ୱୣ୬మ ௫ ହ

ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƉƌĞĕŽĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚƵƚĂĠŵşŶŝŵŽƉĂƌĂ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͘
ହ

ϭϬϭ݂͘ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݁ ݔ‬ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ͳሻ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݁ ש‬ୱୣ୬ ௫ െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡʹߨሿ ฻
గ ଷగ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾͲǡʹߨሿ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹߨ
ଶ ଶ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሾͳǡ ݁ െ ͳሿ͘

ϭϬϮ͘


ϭϬϯ͘ĂͿ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ͻ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺʹߨሻ ൌ ሺʹߨሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ ʹ͘
ͻ݂ሺʹߨሻ ൌ ሺʹߨሻ ൅ ʹߨ ൌ ʹߨ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬െ ʹߨ ൌ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹߨሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĠ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹߨ͘

WĄŐ͘ϱϭ
ĐͿ

ϭϬϰ͘ĂͿ
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺͲሻ ൅ ݃ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺͲሻ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ‫ݔ‬
ൌ ൌ
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺͲሻ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ݔ‬
ൌ ൅ ൅ ʹ ൌ ݃ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൅ ͳ ൅ ʹ ൈ ͳ ൌ ͵
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬
ďͿ݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͳ ൅ ʹ ‫ݔ‬

ͳ ʹߨ ʹߨ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ ൅ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾെߨǡ ߨሿ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሾെߨǡ ߨሿ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔש‬ൌ
ʹ ͵ ͵


ଶగ ଶగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቂെ ǡ ቃ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂ
ଷ ଷ
ଶగ ଶగ ଶగ ଶగ
ƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵቂെߨǡ െ ቃĞĞŵቂ ǡ ߨቃĞŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽƐĆŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂെ Ğ ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ

ϭϬϱ͘ĂͿ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻
ξଶ గ ௞గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ േ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ସ ଶ
ďͿ݂ሺܽሻ ൌ ሺʹܽሻ ܽ ൌ ʹ ܽ ଶ ܽ

గ ଶ గ ଶ ଶ
KƌĂ͕݄ ቀܽ ൅ ቁ ൌ െ ฻ ቀܽ ൅ ቁ ൌ െ ฻ ܽ ൌ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଷ
ହ ξହ ξହ
ଶ ܽ ൅ ܽ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ܽ ൌ
ଶ
ଽ
฻ ܽ ൌ െ ଷ
‫ ܽ ש‬ൌ ଷ
͘
ξହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܽ ‫ א‬ሿߨǡ ʹߨሾ͕ ܽ ൌ െ ͘
ଷ
ξହ ସ ଼ξହ
ŶƚĆŽ͕݂ሺܽሻ ൌ ʹ ܽ ଶ ܽ ൌ ʹ ൈ ቀെ ଷ ቁ ൈ ൌെ ͘
ଽ ଶ଻
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ͻ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ሾሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿƲ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ
గ గ గ గ గ ξଶ
ൌ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ
ସ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ ଶ
గ గ గ ξଶ
ͻ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁ ൌ
ସ ଶ ସ ଶ
ξଶ ξଶ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬െ ଶ
ൌെ
ଶ
ቀ‫ݔ‬ െ ቁ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĠ
ସ
ξଶ ξଶగ ξଶ
‫ݕ‬ൌെ ଶ ‫ݔ‬൅ ൅ ͘
଼ ଶ

ϭϬϲ͘ĂͿ

ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ᇱ ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ᇱ ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ିሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀͳ ൅ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ൌ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
ି ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻ ି ୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ൌ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ൌ ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫


ୱୣ୬ ௫ గ ଷగ గ ଷగ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ మ ௫ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ቃ ǡ ቂ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ቃ ǡ ቂ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ
ୡ୭ୱ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŵĄǆŝŵŽĚĞ݂ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݂ሺߨሻ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ͳ͘
ĐͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽሾ‫ܥܤܣ‬ሿƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽŶŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

ĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŵŽƐĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĚŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐ‫ܣ‬Ğ‫͗ܤ‬
ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ గ ଷగ ଵାଶ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ గ ଷగ ଵ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ ൅ ൌͲ‫א ݔר‬ቃ ǡ ቂ ฻ ൌͲ‫ א ݔר‬ቃ ǡ ቂ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ฻
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଶ ଶ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଶగ ସగ
฻‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔש‬ൌ
ଷ ଷ
ଵ
ƌĞĂൌ ቂ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത ൈ ݂ ቀହగቁቃ ൌ ଵ ൈ ଶగ ൈ ቀʹ െ ଶ
ቁ
గ
ൌ ൈቀ
଺ିଶξଷ
ቁ ൌ
଺గିଶξଷగ
ଶ ଺ ଶ ଷ ξଷ ଷ ଷ ଽ

WĄŐ͘ϱϮ
ϭϬϳ͘ĂͿƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሾെʹߨǡ Ͳሾ͕ĞŵሿͲǡͳሾĞĞŵሾͳǡ ൅λሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
଴
ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬଴ ‫ݔ‬
Ȉ ష ൌ
ฎ ቀʹ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͵
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬
ା
‫ݔ‬ Ͳ
Ȉ శ ቀ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁൌͲ൅ ൌ Ͳ
௫ื଴ ‫ݔ‬ െλ
‫ݔ‬ ͳ
Ȉ ష ቀ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ͵ ൅ ି ൌ ͵ െ λ ൌ െλ
௫ืଵ ‫ݔ‬ Ͳ
EĆŽŚĄĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĞŵെλƉŽƌƋƵĞŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĠƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌŵĞŶƚĞůŝŵŝƚĂĚŽ͘
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ͳ െ ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ ͳ
ൌ ቆ ቇ ൌ ൬ െ ݁ ି௫ ൅ ʹ൰ ൌ Ͳ െ Ͳ ൅ ʹ ൌ ʹ
௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬ ௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬
‫ݔ‬
ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ ሺͳ െ ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺͳ െ ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ ሻ ൌ ͳ െ ቀ ௫ ቁ ൌ
௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ݁
ͳ ͳ
ൌͳെ ൌͳെ ൌ ͳ െ Ͳ ൌ ͳ
݁௫ ൅λ
ቀ ቁ
௫ืାஶ ‫ݔ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘


ďͿ^ĞũĂܿĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞƐƐĞƉŽŶƚŽ͘
ଵ ଵ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞͳͲ‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ଵ଴ ‫͕ݔ‬ƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ݂ ᇱ ሺܿሻ ൌ ଵ଴͘
ଶ௫ାୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ௫ି௫ᇱ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ିୱୣ୬ ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀʹ ൅ ቁ ൌቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ
௫ ௫ ௫ ௫మ ௫మ
ଵ ௖ ୡ୭ୱ ௖ିୱୣ୬ ௖ ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺܿሻ ൌ ฻ ൌ ͘
ଵ଴ ௖మ ଵ଴
sĂŵŽƐƌĞƐŽůǀĞƌĞƐƚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĐŽƌƌĞŶĚŽĂƵŵĂĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŐƌĄĨŝĐĂ͗

ϭϬϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͗
ସǡଽ௫ మ ξଷ ସǡଽ ସ ξଷ ଵଽǡ଺
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ͵Ͳιሻ െ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ െ ൈ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ସǡହ଻మ ୡ୭ୱమሺଷ଴ιሻ ଷ ଶ଴ǡ଼଼ସଽ ଷ ଷ ଺ଶǡ଺ହସ଻
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
ᇱ
ξଷ ଵଽǡ଺ ξଷ ଷଽǡଶ
‫ݕ‬ᇱ ൌ ቀ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ଶቁ ൌ ଷ െ ‫ݔ‬
ଷ ଺ଶǡ଺ହସ଻ ଺ଶǡ଺ହସ଻
ξଷ ଷଽǡଶ ξଷൈ଺ଶǡ଺ହସ଻
‫ݕ‬ᇱ ൌ Ͳ ൌ ଷ െ ‫ݔ‬฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݔ‬ൎ Ͳǡͻʹʹͺ͘
଺ଶǡ଺ହସ଻ ଵଵ଻ǡ଺
ξଷ ଵଽǡ଺
‫ݕ‬ሺͲǡͻʹʹͺሻ ൌ ଷ ൈ Ͳǡͻʹʹͺ െ ൈ Ͳǡͻʹʹͺଶ ൎ Ͳǡʹ͸͸͵ͻͺʹ
଺ଶǡ଺ହସ଻
ĂůƚƵƌĂŵĄǆŝŵĂĂƚŝŶŐŝĚĂƉĞůĂƌĆĨŽŝ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕Ͳǡʹ͸͸ŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘

ϭϬϵ͘


WĄŐ͘ϱϯ
ϭϭϬ͘ĂͿ
గ గ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵቃെ ǡ ͲቂĞĞŵሾͲǡ ൅λሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ Ğ
ଶ ଶ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
‫ݔ‬ λ
Ȉ శ ൌ െ ߨ ൌ ൅λ
௫ืቀି ቁ
గ ‫ݔ‬ െʹ
ଶ
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଶ
Ȉ ష ሺʹ݁ ௫ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ݁ ଴ െ Ͳ ൌ ʹ
௫ื଴
ďͿ
ஶିஶ
ȁ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൌ ȁሺʹ݁ ௫ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൌ
ฎ ȁሺʹ݁ ௫ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ሺ݁ ௫ ሻȁ ൌ
௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ ௫ืାஶ
ଶ௘ ೣ ି௫ ௫
ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቚ ቀ ቁቚ ൌ ௫ืାஶ ቚ ቀʹ െ ቁቚ ൌ ሺʹͿ
௘ೣ ௘ೣ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺʹሻĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂

Ğŵ൅λ͘
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
భ భ ഏ షഏశమ
୲୥ ௫ ᇱ ሺ୲୥ ௫ሻᇲ ௫ି௫ ᇲ ୲୥ ௫ మ ೣ௫ି୲୥ ௫ గ ൈቀି ቁାଵ ଵ଺ି଼గ
ͻ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ൌ ౙ౥౩ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ቀെ ቁ ൌ భȀమ ర
ഏ మ
ൌ మ
ഏమ
ൌ
௫ ௫మ ௫మ ସ ቀି ቁ గమ
ర భల
గ ଵ ସ
ͻ݂ ቀെ ସ ቁ ൌെ ഏ ൌ
గ

ି
ర
ସ ଵ଺ି଼గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ‫ ݕ‬െ ൌ ቀ‫ݔ‬ ൅ ቁ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĠ
గ గమ ସ
ଵ଺ି଼గ ଼ିଶగ
‫ݕ‬ൌ మ ‫ݔ‬൅ ͘
గ గ

ϭϭϭ͘ĂͿƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿെͳǡͳሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͳĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳƉŽĚĞƌĆŽ
ߨ‫ݔ‬ ߨ ା
Ȉ శ ቂ‫ ݔ‬െ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ െͳ െ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െͳ െ ሺെλሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫ืሺିଵሻ ʹ ʹ
ߨ‫ݔ‬ ߨ ି
Ȉ ష ቂ‫ ݔ‬െ ቀ ቁቃ ൌ ͳ െ ቀ ቁ ൌ െͳ െ λ ൌ െλ
௫ืଵ ʹ ʹ
EĆŽŚĄĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐƉŽƌƋƵĞŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĠƵŵĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽůŝŵŝƚĂĚŽ͘
ďͿͻDŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ
ഏೣ ᇲ ഏ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ గ௫ ᇱ ቀ ቁ
݂ ൌ ቂ‫ ݔ‬െ ቀ ቁቃ ൌͳെ మ
ഏೣ ൌͳെ మ
ഏೣ
ଶ మ
ୡ୭ୱ ቀ ቁ ୡ୭ୱమቀ ቁ
మ మ
ߨ
ʹ ߨ‫ݔ‬ ߨ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ െ ߨ‫ݔ‬ ൌ Ͳ ‫ר‬ ‫ݔ‬ ‫א‬ ሿെͳǡ ͳሾ ฻ ଶ
ቀ ቁ ൌ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሿെͳǡ ͳሾ ฻ ‫׎ א ݔ‬
ଶ ቀ ʹ ቁ ᇣᇧᇧᇧᇤᇧᇧᇧᇥ
ʹ ʹ


dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ഏ ഏ
గ௫ ଵ గ గ గ
Ͳ ൑ ଶ ቀ ቁ ൑ ͳ ฻ ഏೣ ൒ͳ฻ మ
ഏೣ ൒ ฻െ మ
ഏೣ ൑ െ ฻ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ െ
ଶ ୡ୭ୱమቀ ቁ ୡ୭ୱమቀ ቁ ଶ ୡ୭ୱమቀ ቁ ଶ ଶ
మ మ మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܦ א ݔ׊‬௙ ǡ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ݂ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽƚĞŵ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ͘

ͻŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ
ഏ ᇱ ഏ ᇱ ᇱ ഏೣ ᇲ
గ ଵ గ ିቀୡ୭ୱమቀ ቁቁ
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ మ
݂ ൌ ቈͳ െ మ
ഏೣ ቉ ൌ െቈ మ
ഏೣ ቉ ൌ െ ቈ మ ഏೣ ቉ ൌ െ ൈ ഏೣ ൌ
ୡ୭ୱమቀ ቁ ୡ୭ୱమቀ ቁ ଶ ୡ୭ୱ ቀ ቁ ଶ ర
ୡ୭ୱ ቀ ቁ
మ మ మ మ
ഏೣ ഏೣ ഏ ഏೣ ഏೣ ഏ ഏ
గ ଶ ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁቂି ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁൈ ቃ గ ଶ ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁൈ గ ୱୣ୬ሺగ௫ሻൈ గమ ୱୣ୬ሺగ௫ሻ
ൌ ൈ మ
ഏೣ
మ మ
ൌെ ൈ మ
ഏೣ
మ మ
ൌെ ൈ ഏೣ
మ
ൌെ ഏೣ
ଶ ୡ୭ୱరቀ ቁ ଶ ୡ୭ୱరቀ ቁ ଶ ୡ୭ୱరቀ ቁ ସ ୡ୭ୱరቀ ቁ
మ మ మ మ
గమ ୱୣ୬ሺగ௫ሻ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ഏೣ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሿെͳǡ ͳሾ ฻
ସ ୡ୭ୱరቀ ቁ
మ
గ௫
฻ ሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ቀ ቁ ് Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሿെͳǡ ͳሾ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
ଶ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕

ϭϭϮ͘ĂͿƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
గ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ͕‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ğ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌ
ଶ
Ͷ Ͷ Ͷ
Ȉ శ ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ൌ ଴శ ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ื଴ ݁ െͳ ݁ െͳ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
Ͷ Ͷ Ͷ
Ȉ గ ష ݁ ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ െ ͳ
ൌ ଴శ ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ืቀ ቁ ݁ െͳ Ͳ
ଶ
Ͷ Ͷ Ͷ
Ȉ శ ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ൌ ଴ష ൌ ି ൌ െλ
௫ืቀ ቁ ݁
గ െͳ ݁ െͳ Ͳ
ଶ
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
ଶ
Ͷ Ͷ Ͷ
Ȉ ష ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ ൌ ଴ష ൌ ି ൌ െλ
௫ืగ ݁ െͳ ݁ െͳ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘


ᇱ ᇲ
ସ ସ൫௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ିଵ൯ ସ௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ሺୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻሻᇲ ସ௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ሾଶ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௫ሻሿ
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌെ మ ൌെ మ ൌെ మ ൌ
௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ିଵ ൫௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ିଵ൯ ൫௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ିଵ൯ ൫௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ିଵ൯
଼ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௫ሻ௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ
ൌെ మ
൫௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ିଵ൯
଼ ୡ୭ୱሺଶ௫ሻ௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ గ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ మ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሿͲǡ ߨሾ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻
൫௘ ౩౛౤ሺమೣሻ ିଵ൯ ଶ
గ గ ଷగ
฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ് Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሿͲǡ ߨሾ̳ ቄ ቅ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ଶ ସ ସ

గ ଷగ గ గ గ ଷగ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቃͲǡ ቃĞĞŵቂ ǡ ߨቂĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵቂ ǡ ቂĞĞŵቃ ǡ ቃ͘
ସ ସ ସ ଶ ଶ ସ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
గ ସ ଷగସ
݂ቀ ቁ ൌ ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĚĞ݂Ğ݂ ቀ ቁ ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĚĞ݂͘
ൌ
ସ ௘ିଵ ௘ షభ ିଵ
ସ
ସ ସ
ŽƋƵĞĨŽŝǀŝƐƚŽĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌŵĞŶƚĞ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ቃെλǡ షభ ିଵቃ ‫ ׫‬ቂ ǡ ൅λቂ͘
௘ ௘ିଵ

ϭϭϯ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ‫ א ݔ‬Թ͗
ďͿ^ĞũĂ݄ĂƌĞƐƚƌŝĕĆŽĚĞ݂ĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͘
݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬
గ ହగ
݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ א ݔ ר ݔ‬ሾͲǡʹߨሿ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ସ ସ


ଷగ ଷగ ଷగ ξଶ ξଶ
ĐͿ݉௥ ൌ ݂ ᇱ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ െ ൌ െξʹ
ସ ସ ସ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ξଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌܽ ‫ א‬ሾെߨǡ ͲሾƚĂůƋƵĞ݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ െ ൌ ͘
ିξଶ ଶ
ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ξଶ ଵ
݂ ᇱ ሺܽሻ ൌ ฻ ܽ െ ܽ ൌ ଶ ฻ ଶ ܽ െ ଶ ܽ ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ
గ గ ଵ గ ଵ
฻ ቀ ቁ ܽ െ ቀ ቁ ܽ ൌ ฻ ቀ ൅ ܽቁ ൌ ฻
ସ ସ ଶ ସ ଶ
గ గ గ గ ଻గ గ
฻ ൅ ܽ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ש‬൅ ܽ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ܽ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ܽש‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ସ ଷ ସ ଷ ଵଶ ଵଶ
଻గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽܽ ‫ א‬ሾെߨǡ Ͳሾ͕ܽ ൌ െ ͘
ଵଶ
ĚͿ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ െሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĞŵĐŽŵŽƐǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ݂͘
KƌĂ͕

ϭϭϰ͘ͻ&ƵŶĕĆŽ݂
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠƉĞƌŝſĚŝĐĂĐŽŵƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůŝŐƵĂůĂʹߨ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞǀĂŵŽƐĞƐƚƵĚĂƌŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͕ƉŽƌ
ĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĞŵሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͘
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ሺଶାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻିሺଶାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻᇲ ୱୣ୬ ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ሺଶାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻమ
ൌ
ଶାୡ୭ୱ ௫
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ሺଶାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻିሺି ୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ଶୡ୭ୱ ௫ାୡ୭ୱమ ௫ାୱୣ୬మ ௫ ଵାଶ ୡ୭ୱ ௫
ൌ ሺଶାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଶାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻమ
ൌ ሺଶାୡ୭ୱ
௫ሻమ
ଵାଶ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵ ଶగ ସగ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺଶାୡ୭ୱ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔש‬ൌ
௫ሻమ ଶ ଷ ଷ

ξଷ ξଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ቂെ ଷ ǡ ଷ ቃ͘

ͻ&ƵŶĕĆŽ݃
‫ܦ‬௚ ൌ Թ̳ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժሽ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠƉĞƌŝſĚŝĐĂĐŽŵƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůŝŐƵĂůĂͶߨ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞǀĂŵŽƐĞƐƚƵĚĂƌŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ͕݃
ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĞŵሿͲǡ Ͷߨሾ̳ሼʹߨሽ͘


ͷ ͷ
Ȉ శ ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ื଴ ቀ ቁ Ͳ
ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͲĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘
ͷ ͷ
Ȉ ష ‫ݔ‬ ൌ ା ൌ ൅λ
௫ืሺଶగሻ
ቀʹቁ Ͳ
ͷ ͷ
Ȉ శ ൌ ି ൌ െλ
௫ืሺଶగሻ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ቁ Ͳ
ʹ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹߨĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘
ͷ ͷ
Ȉ ష
௫ืሺସగሻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳି ൌ െλ
ቀʹቁ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͶߨĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃͘

DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂ
ᇱ ೣ ᇲ ఱ ೣ
ହ ହቀୱୣ୬ቀ ቁቁ ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
݃ ൌቆ ೣ ቇ ൌെ మ
ೣ ൌെ మ మ
ೣ
ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬మ ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬మቀ ቁ
మ మ మ
ఱ ೣ
ୡ୭ୱቀ ቁ ௫ ௫ ௫
ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ మ మ
݃ ൌͲ฻െ ೣ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ቀ ቁ ് Ͳ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ୱୣ୬మቀ ቁ ଶ ଶ ଶ
మ
௫ గ
฻ ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ ଶ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ ‫ א‬ሿͲǡ Ͷߨሾ̳ሼʹߨሽ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳื‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵ߨĞ͵ߨ ‫ א‬ሿͲǡ Ͷߨሾ̳ሼʹߨሽ
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽ
ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿͲǡ Ͷߨሾ̳ሼʹߨሽ͘
݃ሺߨሻ ൌ ͷĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ݃ሺ͵ߨሻ ൌ െͷĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௚ ൌ ሿെλǡ െͷሿ ‫ ׫‬ሾͷǡ ൅λሾ͘

WĄŐ͘ϱϰ
ϭϭϱ͘ƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐƚġŵŝŐƵĂůĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĞƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů͘dĂŵďĠŵĂƚŝŶŐĞŵŽƐ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐŶŽƐŵĞƐŵŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐ͕ŵĂƐ͕ŶŽĐĂƐŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͕ŽŵşŶŝŵŽĠĂƚŝŶŐŝĚŽĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĞŵƋƵĞŶĆŽ
ĞǆŝƐƚĞĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĞ͕ŶŽĐĂƐŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͕ŽŵşŶŝŵŽĠĂƚŝŶŐŝĚŽĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĞŵƋƵĞĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠϬ͘
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞăĨƵŶĕĆŽŐĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞăĨƵŶĕĆŽĨ͘

భ ᇱ ᇱ భ
ଵ ିସሺି ୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ϭϭϲ͘ĂͿ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ݁ర ౙ౥౩ ೣ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ݁ ర ౙ౥౩ ೣ ൌ ൌ
ସ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵ଺ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ସ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ୱୣ୬ ௫ గ ଷగ గ ଷగ
݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌͲ‫ א ݔר‬ቃ ǡ ቂ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݔ ר Ͳ ് ݔ ר‬ቃ ǡ ቂ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ
ସୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

భ భ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŵĄǆŝŵŽĚĞ݄ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݄ሺߨሻ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕݁ ర ౙ౥౩ ഏ ൌ ݁ ିర͘
ďͿƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͗
గ ଷగ గ ଷగ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵቃ ǡ ቂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ğ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄͘
ଵ ଵ
Ȉ శ ݁ସ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ൌ ݁଴ష ൌ ݁ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ
గ
௫ืቀ ቁ
ଶ
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄͘
ଶ
ଵ ଵ
Ȉ ସ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ൌ ݁଴ష ൌ ݁ ିஶ ൌ Ͳ
ష ݁
ଷగ
௫ืቀ ቁ
ଶ
ଷగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݄͘
ଶ
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
భ
ĐͿĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐŽďƚŝĚŽƐŶĂƐĂůşŶĞĂƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ ௛ ൌ ቃͲǡ ݁ ିర ቃ͘
భ భ భ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĚͿ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൑ ฻ ݁ర ౙ౥౩ ೣ ൑ ฻ ݁ర ౙ౥౩ ೣ ൑ ݁ ିమ ฻ ൑ െ ฻ െʹ ൑ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ ฻
ξ௘ ξ௘ ସ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଶ
ଵ
฻ െ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ
ଶ
ଵ
െ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൏ Ͳ గ ଶగ ସగ ଷగ
KƌĂ͕ቐగ ଶ ଷగ ฻ ‫ א ݔ‬ቃ ǡ ቃ ‫ ׫‬ቂ ǡ ቂ
ଶ ଷ ଷ ଶ
൏ ‫ ݔ‬൏
ଶ ଶ

௛ തതതത
ா஽
ϭϭϳ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ͳ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݄ ൎ ͺǡͶͳͶ͹Ğ ͳ ൌ തതതത
͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܦܧ‬ ൎ ͷǡͶͲ͵Ͳ͘
ଵ଴ ଵ଴
ሺଵ଴ାଶൈହǡସ଴ଷ଴ሻାଵ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܣ‬ሺͳሻ ൌ ൈ ͺǡͶͳͶ͹ ൎ ͳʹͻǡ͸ͳଶ͘
ଶ
തതതത ൌ ͳͲ ߙĞ݄ ൌ ͳͲ ߙĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ǀĞŵ͗

ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܦܧ‬

‫ܣ‬ᇱ ሺߙሻ ൌ ሾͳͲͲ ߙ ൅ ͷͲ ሺʹߙሻሿᇱ ൌ ሺͳͲͲ ߙሻᇱ ൅ ሾͷͲ ሺʹߙሻሿᇱ ൌ ͳͲͲ ߙ ൅ ͳͲͲ ሺʹߙሻ ൌ
ൌ ͳͲͲሾ ߙ ൅ ሺʹߙሻሿ
‫ܣ‬ᇱ ሺߙሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳͲͲሾ ߙ ൅ ሺʹߙሻሿ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ െ ሺʹߙሻ ฻ ߙ ൌ ሺߨ െ ʹߙሻ ฻
฻ ߙ ൌ ߨ െ ʹߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ߙ ש‬ൌ െߨ ൅ ʹߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
గ ଶ௞గ
฻ ͵ߙ ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ש‬െߙ ൌ െߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߙ ൌ ൅ ‫ ߙ ש‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ
గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽߙ ‫ א‬ቃͲǡ ቂ͕ߙ ൌ ͘
ଶ ଷ

గ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĠŵĄǆŝŵĂƉĂƌĂߙ ൌ ͘
ଷ
ĐͿ
ሾͳͲͲ ߙ ൅ ͷͲ ሺʹߙሻሿ ൌ ͳͲͲ ൈ ͳ ൅ ͷͲ ൈ Ͳ ൌ ͳͲͲ
గ ష
ఈืቀ ቁ
ଶ
/ŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂĕĆŽŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂ͗
ĚͿ

WĄŐ͘ϱϱ
ϭϭϴ͘ĂͿ


ďͿ݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሿᇱ ൌ െ ‫ݔ‬
WĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
గ ଷగ
݃ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ
ଶ ଶ

గ ଷగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵቃ ǡ ቂ͕ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ଶ ଶ
గ ଷగ గ ଷగ
ďĂŝǆŽĞŵቃͲǡ ቂĞĞŵቃ ǡ ʹߨቂĞŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ Ğ ƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ĐͿ

ĚͿ

ϭϭϵ͘ĂͿ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵሿെߨǡ ߨሾ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐŽŵĞŶƚĞĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െߨĞ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨƉŽĚĞƌĆŽ
Ȉ శ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳା ൌ െλ
௫ืିగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െߨĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘
Ȉ ష ሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳା ൌ െλ
௫ืగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂͘


ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵሻᇲ ୱୣ୬ ௫
ďͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሾሺ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻሿᇱ ൌ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵ ൌ െ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵ
WĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ሿെߨǡ ߨሾ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ୱୣ୬ ௫
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
KŵĄǆŝŵŽĚĞ݂ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ሺʹሻ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽƐƌĞƐƵůƚĂĚŽƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௙ ൌ ሿെλǡ ሺʹሻሿ͘
ୱୣ୬ ௫ ᇱ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻᇲ ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵሻିୱୣ୬ ௫ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵሻᇲ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵሻିୱୣ୬ ௫ሺି ୱୣ୬ ௫ሻ
ĐͿ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቂെ ቃ ൌെ ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵሻమ
ൌെ ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵሻమ
ൌ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ାୡ୭ୱ ௫ାୱୣ୬మ ௫ ଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵ

ൌെ ሺୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵሻమ
ൌ െ ሺୡ୭ୱ ൌെ
௫ାଵሻమ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ାଵ

ϭϮϬ͘ĂͿĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌĂƐŽŵĂĚĞĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͘
గ ଷగ
‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ א ݔ‬ቂͲǡ ቃ ‫ ׫‬ቂ ǡ ʹߨቃ
ଶ ଶ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቐ గ ଷగ
͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ א ݔ‬ቃ ଶ ǡ ଶ ቂ
గ ଷగ
ʹ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ א ݔ‬ቂͲǡ ቃ ‫ ׫‬ቂ ǡ ʹߨቃ
ଶ ଶ
݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቐ గ ଷగ

Ͳ ‫ א ݔ‬ቃ ଶ ǡ ଶ ቂ
ଷగ
ĐͿ݃ĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽቃ ଶ ǡ ʹߨቃ͘
ĚͿ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ௚ ൌ ሾͲǡ ʹሿ
ĞͿ


ϭϮϭ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕

ୱୣ୬ ఈ ୱୣ୬ሺଶఈሻ గ
ďͿ^ĞũĂܵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌܵሺߙሻ ൌ ଶ
െ ସ
͕ߙ ‫ א‬ቃ ǡ ߨቂ
ଶ
ୱୣ୬ ఈ ୱୣ୬ሺଶఈሻ ᇱ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ܵ ᇱ ሺߙሻ ൌ ቂ െ ቃ ൌ ሺ ߙሻᇱ െ ሾሺʹߙሻሿᇱ ൌ ߙ െ ൈ ʹ ሺʹߙሻ ൌ
ଶ ସ ଶ ସ ଶ ସ
ଵ ଵ
ൌ ߙ െ ሺʹߙሻ
ଶ ଶ
ܵ ᇱ ሺߙሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ ሺʹߙሻ ฻ ߙ ൌ ʹߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ߙ ש‬ൌ െʹߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻

ଶ௞గ
฻ െߙ ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ߙ͵ ש‬ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߙ ൌ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ߙ ש‬ൌ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ
గ ଶగ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞߙ ‫ א‬ቃ ǡ ߨቂ͕ܵ ᇱ ሺߙሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ
ଶ ଷ

ଶగ
KŵĄǆŝŵŽĚĞܵĠ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŝŐƵĂůĂܵ ቀ ቁ͘
ଷ
మഏ రഏ ξయ ξయ
ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ୱୣ୬ቀ ቁ ି ξଷ ξଷ ଷξଷ
KƌĂ͕ܵሺߙሻ ൌ య
െ య
ൌ మ
െ మ
ൌ ൅ ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ ସ ଶ ସ ସ ଼ ଼
ĐͿ^ĞũĂߚĂŝŶĐůŝŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂܱ‫͘ܣ‬
௬ ௬
dĞŵͲƐĞ ߚ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ ฻ ಲ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ ฻ ಲ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ ฻ ‫ݕ‬஺ ൌ Ͳǡ͸
௫ ಲ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽܲĠŝŐƵĂůĂͲǡ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕ ߙ ൌ Ͳǡ͸͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕
ୱୣ୬ ఈ ୱୣ୬ሺଶఈሻ ୱୣ୬ ఈ ଶ ୱୣ୬ ఈ ୡ୭ୱ ఈ
ܵሺߙሻ ൌ െ ସ ൌ െ ൌ ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
ଶ ଶ ସ
ୱୣ୬ ఈ ୱୣ୬ ఈ ୡ୭ୱ ఈ
ൌ െ ൌ Ͳǡ͸ଶ ൅ ଶ ߙ ൌ ͳ ฻ ߙ ൌ േͲǡͺ͖
ଶ ଶ
గ
ĐŽŵŽߙ ‫ א‬ቃ ǡ ߨቂ͕ ߙ ൌ െͲǡͺ
ଶ
଴ǡ଺ ଴ǡ଺ൈሺି଴ǡ଼ሻ
ൌ െ ൌ Ͳǡ͵ ൅ ͲǡʹͶ ൌ ͲǡͷͶƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϱϲ
ϭϮϮ͘ĂͿͻŽŵşŶŝŽ
గ గ గ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ר ͳ ് ݔ‬ቀ‫ א ݇׌‬Ժǣ ‫ ് ݔ‬൅ ݇ߨቁቅ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ቀ‫ א ݇׌‬Ժǣ ‫ ് ݔ‬൅ ݇ߨ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬൅ ݇ߨቁቅ
ଶ ସ ଶ
ͻĞƌŽƐ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ


ďͿͻŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ͳ ് ݔ‬ሽ ൌ ሼ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ሺ‫ א ݇׌‬Ժǣ ‫ߨ݇ʹ ് ݔ‬ሻሽ
ͻĞƌŽƐ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ĐͿͻŽŵşŶŝŽ
గ గ గ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ‫ ് ݔ‬െͳ ‫ ר‬ቀ‫ א ݇׌‬Ժǣ ‫ ് ݔ‬൅ ݇ߨቁቅ ൌ ቄ‫ א ݔ‬Թǣ ቀ‫ א ݇׌‬Ժǣ ‫ ് ݔ‬െ ൅ ݇ߨ ‫ ് ݔ ר‬൅ ݇ߨቁቅ
ଶ ସ ଶ
ͻĞƌŽƐ
గ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ܦ א ݔ ר‬௙ ฻ ‫݂͖׎ א ݔ‬ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘
ଶ

ϭϮϯ͘&ƵŶĕĆŽ݃͗
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ሾെʹ ൅ ͵ǡʹ ൅ ͵ሿ ൌ ሾͳǡ ͷሿ
ଶగ
ͻWĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůൌ ൌ ʹߨ
ଵ
ͻdƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂĕĆŽƋƵĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞŽďƚĞƌŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƐĞŶŽ͗
&ƵŶĕĆŽ݄͗
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ሾെͳǡ ͳሿ
ଶగ
ͻWĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůൌ ଶ ൌ ߨ
&ƵŶĕĆŽ‫͗ݎ‬
ଵ ଵ
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௥ ൌ ቂെ ଶ ǡ ଶቃ
ଶగ
ͻWĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůൌ
ଷ
&ƵŶĕĆŽ‫͗ݏ‬
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௦ ൌ ሾͳ െ ʹǡ ͳ ൅ ʹሿ ൌ ሾെͳǡ ͵ሿ
ଶగ
ͻWĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůൌ ଵȀଶ ൌ Ͷߨ



ଶగ ܽ൅ܾ ൌ͹
ϭϮϰ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ ʹ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ܿ ൌ ߨĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ቄ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ܽ ൌ ͶĞܾ ൌ ͵͘
௖ ܽെܾ ൌͳ
ଵ ଶగ
ďϭͿ݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͳ ൅ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ േ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଶ ଷ
గ
฻‫ݔ‬ൌ േ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ
ďϮͿ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሾͳ ൅ ʹ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ Ͳ ฻ െͶ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻

௞గ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ
మమ
ଵଵ ଵ଴଴గ య గ
dĞŵͲƐĞቃെͷͲߨǡ ଷ
ߨቂ ൌ ቉െ
ଶ
ǡ ଶ ቈ͘
ଵଵ ଽଽగ ଻గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŵĞŶŽƌǌĞƌŽƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂቃെͷͲߨǡ ߨቂĠെ ĞŽŵĂŝŽƌĠ ͘
ଷ ଶ ଶ

ϭϮϱ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬Ԣே ൌ ሾܽ െ ܾǡ ܽ ൅ ܾሿ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
଺଴గ
ܰሺ͸Ͳሻ ൌ ͳ͵ ܽ െ ܾ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ͵ ܽ െ ܾ ሺ͵ߨሻ ൌ ͳ͵ ܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ ͳ͵ ܽൌͺ
ቄ ฻ቊ ଶ଴ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ
ܽ െ ܾ ൌ ͵ ܽ െ ܾ ൌ ͵ ܽ െ ܾ ൌ ͵ ܽ െ ܾ ൌ ͵ ܾൌͷ
గ௧ గ௧ ଵ గ௧ ଶగ ସ଴
ďͿͺ െ ͷ ቀଶ଴ቁ ൌ ͳͲǡͷ ฻ ቀଶ଴ቁ ൌ െ ଶ ฻ ଶ଴ ൌ േ ଷ
൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ േ
ଷ
൅ ͶͲ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ସ଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨŝůĂĂƚŝŶŐĞƉĞůĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂǀĞǌϭϬϱƉĞƐƐŽĂƐ͕ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞ ŵŝŶƵƚŽƐĂƉſƐĂƐϵŚϯϬŵŝŶ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
ଷ
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞăƐϵŚϰϯŵŝŶ͘

ϭϮϲ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ሾͻ െ ʹǡ ͻ ൅ ʹሿ ൌ ሾ͹ǡ ͳͳሿ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƉƌŽĨƵŶĚŝĚĂĚĞĚĂĄŐƵĂŶĂŵĂƌĠďĂŝǆĂĠ͹ŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
గ௧ గ௧ గ௧
ͻ െ ʹ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͹ ฻ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
଺ ଺ ଺
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ͕ǀĞŵ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĞƐƚĄƉƌŽǀĂĚŽƋƵĞĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂŵĂƌĠďĂŝǆĂŽĐŽƌƌĞƵ
ăƐͲŚŽƌĂƐ͘
ଶగ
ďͿKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂͳʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƚĞŵƉŽƋƵĞĚĞĐŽƌƌĞĞŶƚƌĞĚƵĂƐŵĂƌĠƐ
గȀ଺
ďĂŝǆĂƐĠϭϮŚŽƌĂƐ͘
గ௧ గ௧ ଵ
ĐͿͻ െ ʹ ቀ ଺ ቁ ൌ ͳͲ ‫ א ݐ ר‬ሾͲǡʹͶሾ ฻ ቀ ଺ ቁ ൌ ଶ ‫ א ݐ ר‬ሾͲǡʹͶሾ ฻
గ௧ గ
฻ ଺ ൌ േ ଷ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ א ݐ ר‬ሾͲǡʹͶሾ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ േͶ ൅ ͳʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ א ݐ ר‬ሾͲǡ ʹͶሾ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƉƌŽĨƵŶĚŝĚĂĚĞĚĂĄŐƵĂĠϭϬŵĞƚƌŽƐƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݐ‬ሼͶǡ ͺǡ ͳ͸ǡ ʹͲሽ͘


dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂƐĂůşŶĞĂƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐ͕ŽƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƋƵĂĚƌŽĚĞŵŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĚĞ݄͗

ŶƚĆŽ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƉƌŽĨƵŶĚŝĚĂĚĞĚĂĄŐƵĂĠƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐϭϬŵĞƚƌŽƐĞŶƚƌĞĂƐϰŚŽƌĂƐĞĂƐ
ϴŚŽƌĂƐĞĞŶƚƌĞĂƐϭϲŚŽƌĂƐĞĂƐϮϬŚŽƌĂƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϱϳ
ϭϮϳ͘ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌ݄ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݄ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሺܾ‫ ݐ‬൅ ܿሻ ൅ ݀ǡ ܽ ൐ Ͳǡ ܾ ൐ ͲĞܿ ‫ א‬ሾͲǡ ʹߨሾ͘

ଶగ
ͻKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĚĞ݄ĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ൌ ʹĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൌ ߨ͘
௕
ͻdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƌĞůĂƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞăĨŝŐƵƌĂĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕ƋƵĞĂĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂĚĂĐĂĚĞŝƌĂŶ͘ŽϭϬĂŽƐŽůŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ
݀ ൅ ܽ ൌ ͳ͵
͵ŵĞƚƌŽƐ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ሾ͵ǡ ͳ͵ሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ቄ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ͺĞܽ ൌ ͷ͘
݀ െ ܽ ൌ ͵
ͻ݄ሺͲሻ ൌ ͺ ฻ ͷ ሺߨ ൈ Ͳ ൅ ܿሻ ൅ ͺ ൌ ͺ ฻ ሺܿሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܿ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܽ ൌ ͷ͕ܾ ൌ ߨ͕ܿ ൌ ͲĞ݀ ൌ ͺ͘

ϭϮϴ͘ĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂƐƵŐĞƐƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌƵŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽĂŶĂůşƚŝĐĂƉĂƌĂĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͕݃
ĐƵũŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂŵĞƐŵĂĨŽƌŵĂĚŽĚĞ݂ŵĂƐĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŶƵŵƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĐƵũĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞƐƚĄŶŽ
ƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͺǡͺǢ ͶሻĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĚĂĨŝŐƵƌĂ͘
ଶగ
ͻKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĚĞ݃ĠŝŐƵĂůĂͳͺ െ ͷǡ͸ ൌ ͳʹǡͶ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ൌ ͳʹǡͶĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൎ Ͳǡͷ͘
௕
݀ ൅ ܽ ൌ ʹ
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ሾെʹǡʹሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ቄ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ͲĞܽ ൌ ʹ͘
݀ െ ܽ ൌ െʹ
ͻ݃ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ ሺͲǡͷ ൈ Ͳ ൅ ܿሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺܿሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܿ ൌ Ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ሺͲǡͷ‫ݔ‬ሻ͘
ŽŵŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƐĞƉŽĚĞŽďƚĞƌĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݃ƉĞůĂƚƌĂŶƐůĂĕĆŽĂƐƐŽĐŝĂĚĂĂŽǀĞƚŽƌĚĞ
ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͺǡͺǢ Ͷሻ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݃ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͺǡͺሻ ൅ Ͷ ൌ ʹ ሾͲǡͷሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͺǡͺሻሿ ൅ Ͷ ൌ ʹ ሺͲǡͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͶǡͶሻ ൅ Ͷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܽ ൌ ʹ͕ܾ ൌ Ͳǡͷ͕ܿ ൌ െͶǡͶĞ݀ ൌ Ͷ͘

WĄŐ͘ϱϴ
ϭϮϵ͘&ƵŶĕĆŽ݂͗
ଶగ
ͻKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹߨ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ൌ ʹߨĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൌ ͳ͘
௕
݀൅ܽ ൌʹ
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௙ ൌ ሾͲǡʹሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ቄ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ͳĞܽ ൌ ͳ͘
݀െܽ ൌͲ
గ గ గ గ గ
ͻ݂ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀ ൅ ܿቁ ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀ ൅ ܿቁ ൌ െͳ ฻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ߨ ฻ ܿ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ ൅ ͳ͘
ଶ


&ƵŶĕĆŽ݃͗
ଶగ
ͻKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹߨ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ൌ ʹߨĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൌ ͳ͘
௕
݀ ൅ ܽ ൌ ͵
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௚ ൌ ሾെͳǡ͵ሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ቄ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ͳĞܽ ൌ ʹ͘
݀ െ ܽ ൌ െͳ
ͻ݃ሺͲሻ ൌ െͳ ฻ ʹ ሺͲ ൅ ܿሻ ൅ ͳ ൌ െͳ ฻ ሺܿሻ ൌ െͳ ฻ ܿ ൌ ߨ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ߨሻ ൅ ͳ͘
&ƵŶĕĆŽ݄͗
ଶగ
ͻKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂߨ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ൌ ߨĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൌ ʹ͘
௕
ଵ
ଵ ଵ ݀ ൅ ܽ ൌ ଵ
ଶ
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௛ ൌ ቂെ ଶ ǡ ଶቃ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ቐ ଵ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ͲĞܽ ൌ ͘
ଶ
݀െܽ ൌെ
ଶ
గ ଵ ଵ గ ଵ గ గ ଷగ
ͻ݄ ቀ ቁ ൌ ฻ ቀʹ ൈ ൅ ܿቁ ൌ ฻ ቀ ൅ ܿቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ʹߨ ฻ ܿ ൌ
ସ ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଷగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݄ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቁ͘
ଶ ଶ
&ƵŶĕĆŽ݆͗
ଶగ ଵ
ͻKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂͶߨ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ൌ ͶߨĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܾ ൌ ͘
௕ ଶ
݀൅ܽ ൌ͵
ͻ‫ܦ‬Ԣ௝ ൌ ሾͳǡ͵ሿ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ቄ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ʹĞܽ ൌ ͳ͘
݀െܽ ൌͳ
ଵ గ గ ଷగ
ͻ݆ሺߨሻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ቀ ൈ ߨ ൅ ܿቁ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͵ ฻ ቀ ൅ ܿቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ʹߨ ฻ ܿ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
௫ ଷగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݆ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൅ ʹ͘
ଶ ଶ

ϭϯϬ͘ĂͿ‫ܦ‬Ԣ஺ ൌ ሾʹͲ െ ͺǡ ʹͲ ൅ ͺሿ ൌ ሾͳʹǡ ʹͺሿ
గሺ௧ି଼ǡଷሻ గሺ௧ି଼ǡଷሻ గሺ௧ି଼ǡଷሻ గ
‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͺ ฻ ʹͲ ൅ ͺ ଵଶ
ൌ ʹͺ ฻ ଵଶ
ൌͳ฻ ଵଶ
ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଶ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬െ ͺǡ͵ ൌ ͸ ൅ ʹͶ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳͶǡ͵ ൅ ʹͶ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ‫ א ݐ‬ሾͲǡ ʹͶሾ͕‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳͶǡ͵͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĨŽŝăƐͳͶŚŽƌĂƐĞͳͺŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘
గሺ௧ିଵ଻ǡ଺ሻ గሺ௧ିଵ଻ǡ଺ሻ ଵ
ďͿ‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳͳ ฻ ͳͲ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͳͳ ฻ ൌ ฻
ଵଶ ଵଶ ଶ
గሺ௧ିଵ଻ǡ଺ሻ గ
฻ ଵଶ
ൌ േ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬െ ͳ͹ǡ͸ ൌ േͶ ൅ ʹͶ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଷ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳ͵ǡ͸ ൅ ʹͶ݇ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ ʹͳǡ͸ ൅ ʹͶ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚĂĄŐƵĂĞƌĂϭϭԨăƐͳ͵ǡ͸ŚŽƌĂƐĞăƐʹͳǡ͸ŚŽƌĂƐ͘
గሺ௧ିଵ଻ǡ଺ሻ గሺ௧ିଵ଻ǡ଺ሻ
KƌĂ͕‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ͳͲ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ൌ ͳ ฻
ଵଶ ଵଶ
గሺ௧ିଵ଻ǡ଺ሻ
฻ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬െ ͳ͹ǡ͸ ൌ ʹͶ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳ͹ǡ͸ ൅ ʹͶ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଵଶ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳ͵ǡ͸ ൅ ʹͶ݇ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ ʹͳǡ͸ ൅ ʹͶ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚĂĄŐƵĂĞƌĂŵĄǆŝŵĂăƐͳ͹ǡ͸ŚŽƌĂƐ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ͕ĞŶƚƌĞĂƐͳ͵ǡ͸ŚŽƌĂƐĞĂƐʹͳǡ͸ŚŽƌĂƐĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚĂĄŐƵĂĞƌĂ
ƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĂϭϭԨ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĂůŽĐŽƌƌĞƵĚƵƌĂŶƚĞŽŝƚŽŚŽƌĂƐ͘


ĐͿWƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌŽŵĂǆŝŵŝǌĂŶƚĞĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ‫ܯ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ͘
EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞƐƐĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞŽƉŽŶƚŽĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞĂŽƐĞƵŵĄǆŝŵŽ͘
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

KƉŽŶƚŽƚĞŵĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͳ͵ǡͶͷǢ ͳ͸ǡͺ͹ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĞƌĂŵĄǆŝŵĂƉĂƌĂ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳ͵ǡͶͷ͖ĨŽŝ͕
ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞăƐͳ͵ŚŽƌĂƐĞʹ͹ŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘

ϭϯϭ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ͻܵ ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݉ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ݊ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ݉ሾሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿᇱ ൅ ݊ሾሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ
ൌ ݉ሾ݇ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿ ൅ ݊ሾെ݇ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿ ൌ ݇݉ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ݇݊ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻ
ͻܵ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݇݉ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ݇݊ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ ݇݉ሾሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿᇱ െ ݇݊ሾሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿᇱ ൌ
ൌ ݇݉ሾെ݇ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿ െ ݇݊ሾ݇ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻሿ ൌ െ݇ ଶ ݉ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ݇ ଶ ݊ ሺ݇‫ݐ‬ሻ
ௌ ᇲᇲ ሺ௧ሻ ି௞ మ ௠ ୱୣ୬ሺ௞௧ሻି௞ మ ௡ ୡ୭ୱሺ௞௧ሻ ି௞ మ ሾ௠ ୱୣ୬ሺ௞௧ሻା௡ ୡ୭ୱሺ௞௧ሻሿ
ͻ ௌሺ௧ሻ ൌ ௠ ୱୣ୬ሺ௞௧ሻା௡ ୡ୭ୱሺ௞௧ሻ
ൌ ௠ ୱୣ୬ሺ௞௧ሻା௡ ୡ୭ୱሺ௞௧ሻ
ൌ െ݇ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϱϵ
ϭϯϮ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ߨ‫ݐ‬
Ȉ ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ൤ܽ ൅ ܾ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൬ ൰൨ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ܽ ൅ Ͳ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ܽ ൌ ͳʹ
௧ืାஶ ௧ืାஶ ܿ
ͻ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ͳͺ ฻ ͳʹ ൅ ܾ݁ ଴ Ͳ ൌ ͳͺ ฻ ܾ ൌ ͸
గ௧ గ௧ గ௧
ͻ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ͳʹ ൅ ͸݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ቀ ௖ ቁ ൌ ͳʹ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ቀ ௖ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ݁ ି଴ǡଵ௧ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬ቀ ௖ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻
గ௧ గ௧ గ ௧ ଵ ௖
฻ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Գ଴ ฻ ൌ ൅ ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Գ଴ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ൅ ܿ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Գ଴ ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ܿ ൌ ͵͘
௖ ௖ ଶ ௖ ଶ ଶ


ϭϯϯ͘ĂͿ

ൌ ߜሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
గ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݐ‬ሾͲǡ ʹߨሾ͕െͳ ൑ ቀ‫ ݐ‬െ ቁ ൑ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞെʹ ൑ ߜሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൑ ʹ͘
଺
ŵĂŝŽƌĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂĂƋƵĞŽƉŽŶƚŽĞƐƚĄĚĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĠʹ͘
ĐͿĂĚŽƋƵĞെʹ ൑ ߜሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൑ ʹ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ ఋ ൌ ሾെʹǡ ʹሿ͘

ସగ గ ସగ ଵ
ϭϯϰ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞͶ ቀ ൈ Ͷቁ ൌ Ͷ ቀͳ͸ ൈ ቁ ൌ Ͷ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െʹ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଶ
ସగ ଵ଺గ ସగ ସగ
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞͲ ൑ ‫ ݐ‬൑ Ͷ ฻ Ͳ ൑ ‫ݐ‬ ൑ ฺ െͳ ൑ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൑ ͳ ฻ െͶ ൑ Ͷ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൑ Ͷ
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂŵĄǆŝŵĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽăŽƌŝŐĞŵĠͶ͕ĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂĂƚŝŶŐŝĚĂƋƵĂŶĚŽĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽWĠ
ŝŐƵĂůĂͶŽƵŝŐƵĂůĂെͶ͘
ସగ ସగ ସగ ଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞͶ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൌ േͶ ฻ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൌ േͳ ฻ ‫ݐ‬ ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
ଷ ଷ ଷ ସ
ଷ ଵ଺
KƌĂ͕ƉĂƌĂ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͕Ͳ ൑ ݇ ൑ Ͷ ฻ Ͳ ൑ ݇ ൑ ฻ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷሽ͘
ସ ଷ
ĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽăŽƌŝŐĞŵĠŵĄǆŝŵĂƉŽƌƐĞŝƐǀĞǌĞƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϲϬ
ଷ ସ ଶగ ସ ଷగ
ϭϯϱ͘ĂͿĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƌĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂĠ ͕ŽƉĞƌşŽĚŽĠ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ ൌ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕߱ ൌ ͘
ସ ଷ ఠ ଷ ଶ
ଷగ గ ଷగ గ గ ξଷ
ĂďĐŝƐƐĂƉĞĚŝĚĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂͶ ቀ ൈ ͳ ൅ ቁ ൌ Ͷ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ Ͷ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ൌ ʹξ͵͘
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଷ ଶ
ଷగ గ ᇱ ଷగ గ ᇱ ଷగ గ ᇱ ଷగ గ ᇱ ଷగ గ
ďͿቂͶ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁቃ ൌ Ͷ ቂ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ Ͷቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ቂെ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ െ͸ߨ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ
ଷగ గ ଷగ గ ଷగ గ ଶ ଶ
െ͸ߨ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁൌ Ͳ฻ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌͲ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ݇ െ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଷ ଽ
KŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌĚĞ‫ݐ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͲǡ ͺሿĠĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞŝŐƵĂůĂͲǡͶͶ͖ƚĂůƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞ
ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞͲǡͶͶŽƉŽŶƚŽܲŝŶǀĞƌƚĞ͕ƉĞůĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂǀĞǌ͕ŽƐĞŶƚŝĚŽĞŵƋƵĞƐĞĚĞƐůŽĐĂ͘

ϭϯϲ͘ĂͿͻĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂͲǡͷ͘
ͻKƉĞƌşŽĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂͳ͘
ଶగ
ͻĂĚŽƋƵĞ ൌ ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞĂƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽ͕͕߱ĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹߨ͘
ఠ
ଵ
ͻdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݔ‬ቀସቁ ൌ Ͳǡͷ͘


ଵ ଵ గ గ
KƌĂ͕‫ ݔ‬ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ฻ Ͳǡͷ ቀʹߨ ൈ ൅ ߶ቁ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ฻ ቀ ൅ ߶ቁ ൌ ͳ ฻ ൅ ߶ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ସ ସ ଶ ଶ
గ
฻ ߶ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ
ଷగ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ߶ ‫ א‬ሾͲǡʹߨሾ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĨĂƐĞ͕߶͕ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ଶ ͘
ଷగ
ďͿ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ቀʹߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ
ଶ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞͳͳͷ ൌ ͹ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ሺ͹ͷሻ͘

ଷగ ଷగ
‫ݔ‬ሺ͹ͷሻ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ቀͳͷͲߨ ൅ ଶ
ቁ ൌ Ͳǡͷ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ
ଷగ ଵ ଷ ହ ଻
‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ Ͳǡͷ ቀʹߨ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ‫ א ݐ ר‬ሾͲǡͶሿ ฻ ‫ א ݐ‬ቄͲǡ ǡ ͳǡ ǡ ʹǡ ǡ ͵ǡ ǡ Ͷቅ
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
KƐŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƐĆŽͲǡ Ͳǡͷǡ ͳǡ ͳǡͷǡ ʹǡ ʹǡͷǡ ͵ǡ ͵ǡͷͶ͘

గ గ ξଶ గ ξଶ గ
ϭϯϳ͘ĂͿ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൅ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൌ ξʹ ቂ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൅ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁቃ ൌ
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଷ
గ గ గ గ గ గ గ గ
ൌ ξʹ ቂ ቀ ସ ቁ ቀ ଷ ‫ݐ‬ቁ ൅ ቀ ቁ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ቁቃ ൌ ξʹ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬െ ቁ ൌ ξʹ ቀ ‫ݐ‬ െ ൅ ʹߨቁ ൌ
ସ ଷ ଷ ସ ଷ ସ
గ ଻గ
ൌ ξʹ ቀ ଷ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ସ ቁ
గ ଻గ ᇱ଻గ ᇱ గ గ
଻గ ξଶగ గ ଻గ
ďͿ‫ ݔ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቂξʹ ቀ ଷ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ସ
ቁቃ
ସ
ቁ ቂെ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ െ
ൌ ξʹ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅
ଷ ଷ
ସ ଷ
ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ
ଷ ସ
ᇱ
ᇱᇱ ξଶగ గ ଻గ ξଶగ గ ଻గ ᇱ గ ଻గ గమ గ ଻గ
‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቂെ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ െ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌ െξʹ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ
ଷ ଷ ସ ଷ ଷ ସ ଷ ସ ଽ ଷ ସ
ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ గమ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݔ‬ ൌ െ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻƐĞĞƐſƐĞ݇ ൌ െ ଽ ͘

WĄŐ͘ϲϭ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଷ
ϭϯϴ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞͳ െ ൑ ݀ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൑ ͳ ൅ ฻ ൑ ݀ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൑ ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ గ ଵ గ గ ଷగ
݀ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ฻ ͳ ൅ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ฻ ቀߨ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁ ൌ െͳ ฻ ߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଺ ଶ ଺ ଺ ଶ
ସగ ସ
฻ ߨ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଷ
ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĨŽŝŶŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͘
ଷ
ଵ గ ᇱ ଵ గ ᇱ గ గ గ
ďͿ݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቂͳ ൅ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁቃ ൌ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ
ଶ ଺ ଶ ଺ ଺ ଶ ଺
గ గ గ గ
݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߨ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
଺ ଺ ଶ ଷ
ଵ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ൅ ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݐ‬ሾͲǡ ͳሿ͗
ଵ
ͻ݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ
ଷ
ଵ
ͻ݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ א ݐ‬ቂͲǡ ቂ
ଷ
ଵ
ͻ݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ א ݐ‬ቃ ǡ ͳቃ
ଷ


గ గ
ĐͿ݄ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ሾ݀ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ܾሿᇱ ൌ ݀ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ
ଶ ଺
గ గ ᇱ గమ గ
݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ቂ ଶ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ଺ ቁቃ ൌ െ ଶ
ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅
଺
ቁ
ଵ గ గమ గ
െߨ ଶ ݄ ൌ െߨ ଶ ቂͳ ൅ ቀߨ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൅ ܾቃ ൌ െߨ ଶ ሺͳ ൅ ܾሻ െ ଶ ቀߨ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ቁ
ଶ ଺ ଺
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݄ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ െߨ ଶ ݄ƐĞĞƐſƐĞെߨ ଶ ሺͳ
൅ ܾሻ ൌ Ͳ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſƐĞܾ ൌ െͳ͘

ϭϯϵ͘ĂͿĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘
^ĞũĂ‫ݔ‬௉ ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽܲ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ͻ‫ݔ‬௉ ൌ െܱ‫ܣ‬ തതതത
തതതത
ை஺ തതതത
ை஺
ͻሺߨ െ ߠሻ ൌ തതതത ฻ െ ߠ ൌ തതതത ൌ െ͵ ߠ
฻ ܱ‫ܣ‬
ை௉ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݔ‬௉ ൌ ߠ͘

ďͿĂĚŽƋƵĞŽƉŽŶƚŽܲƉĂƌƚĞĚĞƵŵƉŽŶƚŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂŽƐĞŵŝĞŝǆŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ
଼గ గ
ƋƵĞ͕ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞͺƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐ͕ߠ ൌ ൅ ͘
ଵଶ ଶ
଼గ గ ଶగ గ ଻గ ξଷ ଷξଷ
͵ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͵ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ͵ ቀ ቁ ൌ ͵ ൈ ቀെ ቁ ൌെ
ଵଶ ଶ ଷ ଶ ଺ ଶ ଶ
ĐͿĂĚŽƋƵĞŽƉŽŶƚŽܲƉĂƌƚĞĚĞƵŵƉŽŶƚŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂŽƐĞŵŝĞŝǆŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ
గ గ
ƋƵĞ͕ĂŽĨŝŵĚĞ‫ݐ‬ƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐ͕ߠ ൌ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ͘
ଵଶ ଶ
గ ହగ గ గ ହగ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞߠ ‫ א‬ቂ ǡ ቃĞଵଶ ‫ݐ‬ ൅ ൌ ฻‫ݐ‬ ൌ ʹͶ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ א ݐ‬ሾͲǡ ʹͶሿ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
గ గ
ĚͿ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ᇣᇧ ‫ ݐ‬൅ᇧᇥቁ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ‫ݔ‬ĠƵŵŽƐĐŝůĂĚŽƌŚĂƌŵſŶŝĐŽ͕ƉŽƌ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻƐĞƌ
ቀ ᇧᇤᇧ
ଵଶ ଶ
ఏ
ĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ‫ ܣ‬ሺ߱‫ ݐ‬൅ ߶ሻ͕ĐŽŵ‫ ܣ‬൐ Ͳǡ ߱ ൐ Ͳ߶ ‫ א‬ሾͲǡ ʹߨሾ͘
ĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ͕‫͕ܣ‬ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ͵͘
గ
ƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽ͕͕߱ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଵଶ
ଶగ ଶగ
KƉĞƌşŽĚŽ͕͕ܶĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ఠ ൌ ഏ ൌ ʹͶ͘
భమ
గ
ĨĂƐĞ͕߶͕ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଶ


WĄŐ͘ϲϮ
ϭϰϬ͘ĂͿhŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƋƵĞƚƌĂĚƵǌŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ‫ א ݐ ר‬ሿͲǡͳͲሿ͘

‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ฻ ͵ ൅ ʹ ቀ ଷ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ଺ ቁ ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ ቀ ଺ ቁ ฻ ቀ ଷ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ଺ ቁ ൌ ቀ ଺ ቁ ฻
గ గ గ గ గ ହగ
฻ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ ݐ ש‬൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଷ ଺ ଺ ଷ ଺ ଺
గ గ ଶగ
฻ ଷ
‫ݐ‬ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ
ଷ ଷ
൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ͸݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ ʹ͖ƐŽŵĞŶƚĞʹƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሿͲǡ ͳͲሿ͘
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͸ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ ͺ͖ĂŵďŽƐŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሿͲǡ ͳͲሿ͘
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͳʹ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ ͳͶ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሿͲǡ ͳͲሿ͘
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ െͳ ื ‫ ݐ‬ൌ െ͸ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ െͶ͖ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂሿͲǡ ͳͲሿ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌŽƵƚƌŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ͕݇ŶĞŶŚƵŵĂĚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚĞƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሿͲǡ ͳͲሿ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƐĆŽʹǡ ͸Ğͺ͘
ďͿ
ĐͿKƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĞƋƵŝůşďƌŝŽĠŽƋƵĞĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĂ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵͘
గ గ గ గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽƐĞƌŝĂĚĂĚĂƉŽƌ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ െ ͵ ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ െ ͵ ൌ ʹ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ ൌ
ଷ ଺ ଷ ଺
గ గ ଷగ గ ହగ
ൌ ʹ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀ ‫ ݐ‬൅ ቁ͘
ଷ ଺ ଶ ଷ ଷ
ĚͿĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ͕‫͕ܣ‬ĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹ͘
గ
ƉƵůƐĂĕĆŽ͕͕߱ĠŝŐƵĂůĂଷ ͘
ହగ
ĨĂƐĞ͕߶͕ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଷ
ଶగ ଶగ
KƉĞƌşŽĚŽ͕͕ܶĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ൌ ഏ ൌ ͸͘
ఠ
య
ଵ
ĨƌĞƋƵġŶĐŝĂ͕݂͕ĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
଺


ͨKƐƐĞƚĞŵĂŝƐͩ
ϭϰϭ͘

WĄŐ͘ϲϯ
ϭϰϮ͘

ϭϰϯ͘


ϭϰϰ͘

ϭϰϱ͘


ϭϰϲ͘ĂͿ


మ
గ ξଶ
ďͿĂĚŽƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݎ‬ൌ ξʹ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĚĞŵĞƚĂĚĞĚĂďĂƐĞĚŽĐŝůşŶĚƌŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ൌ ߨ͕ŽĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞ
ଶ
ܽሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͷĠŽƋƵĞĞƐƚĄŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚŽŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂϯĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘
^ĞũĂ݄ĂĂůƚƵƌĂƋƵĞĂĄŐƵĂĂƚŝŶŐĞŶŽĚĞƉſƐŝƚŽ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽ͕
݄ ൌ ξʹ ൅ ξʹ ߙ
KƌĂ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ ݎ‬ൌ ξʹ͕ܽሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ͘
hƚŝůŝǌĂŶĚŽĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂŐƌĄĨŝĐĂ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ
ƋƵĞŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ‫ݔ‬ƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂů
‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ ‫ א ݔ ר‬ሿͲǡʹߨሿ͕ĠĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ

ŝŐƵĂůĂͶǡͳͷ͵͘
௫ గ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽߙ ൌ െ ͕ߙ ൎ ͲǡͷͲ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݄ ൎ ξʹ ൅ ξʹ ሺͲǡͷͲ͸ሻ ൎ ʹǡͲͻͻ ൎ ʹǡͳ͘
ଶ ଶ

ϭϰϳ͘



dĞŵĂϲͮWƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂƐĞĄůĐƵůŽ/ŶƚĞŐƌĂů

ϭ͘EŽĕĆŽĚĞƉƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂ

WĄŐ͘ϲϲ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍&ƵŶĕĆŽĐƵũĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠ͙
hŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĐƵũĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͶĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݃ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫͘ݔ‬

WĄŐ͘ϲϳ
ϭ͘ƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉĞůĂƐĞǆƉƌĞƐƐƁĞƐ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ͕‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͳĞ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ʹƐĆŽƉƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂƐĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ݂ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂ

ƉŽƌ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͘
EĂǀĞƌĚĂĚĞ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ͕ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ Ğሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ʹሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͘

WĄŐ͘ϲϴ
Ϯ͘hŵĂƉƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂĚĞ݂ĠĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ‫ܩ‬ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ‫ܩ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫͘ݔ‬

dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ܩ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ʹ െ ‫ܩ‬ሺߨሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ െ ߨ ൌ ʹ ൅ ‫͘ݔ‬

WĄŐ͘ϳϬ
௫ర ହ௫ ర
ϯ͘ĂͿ‫׬‬ሺͷ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ଷ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ସ ସ
ଵ ௫ షఱ ଵ
ďͿ‫ ׬‬ల ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ݀ ଺ି ݔ ׬‬ൌ ൅ܿ ൌെ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫ ିହ ହ௫ ఱ
భమ
ఱ ళ
ళ ௫ళ ଻ ξ௫ భమ
ĐͿ‫׬‬ ξ‫ ݔ‬ହ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬ൌళ భమ ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵଶ
ళ
మ
య ఱ
ଵ ௫ఱ ହ ξ௫ మ
ĚͿ‫ ׬‬ఱ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ି ݔ ׬‬ఱ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ మ ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ξ௫ య ଶ
ఱ
వ
ళ
௫మ ଶξ௫ వ
ĞͿ‫׬‬൫‫ ݔ‬ଷ ξ‫ݔ‬൯ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ׬‬మ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ వ ൅ܿ ൌ
ଽ
൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
మ
భ
య మ
ξ௫ ି ௫య య
ĨͿ‫׬‬ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ݔ׬‬ య ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ భ ൅ ܿ ൌ ͵ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫
య


ŐͿ‫׬‬ሺͳͲ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͷሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳͲ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ସ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬െ ‫ ׬‬ͷ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
௫ ఱ ௫య ௫మ
ൌ ͳͲ െ͵ ൅͸ െ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ହ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ହ ଷ ଶ
଻ య ଵ య
ŚͿ‫ ׬‬ቀ ర െ ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷξ‫ݔ‬ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͹ ‫ ׬‬ቀ ర ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ׬‬ξ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ ׬‬ξ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ
ξ௫ య ξ௫ య
భ ర య
య భ భ య
ି ௫ర ௫య ௫మ ଷ ξ௫ ర ଼ξ௫ య
ൌ ͹‫ݔ׬‬ ర ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬൅ Ͷ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬ൌ ͹
య మ భ െ ర ൅Ͷ య ൅ ܿ ൌ ʹͺ రξ‫ ݔ‬െ ൅ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ସ ଷ
ర య మ
௫మ ௫ఱ
ŝͿ‫׬‬ሾ‫ݔ‬ሺͳ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬൅ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ସ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ
൅ ହ
ũͿ‫׬‬ሾሺͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ ሺ͵ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ሾሺͳ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻሺ͵ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ൌ ‫׬‬ሺ͵ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ሺെʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
௫ర ௫య ௫మ
ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ଷ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬൅ ‫ ݔ݀ ͵ ׬‬ൌ െʹ െ ൅Ͷ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ ൌ
ସ ଷ ଶ
௫ర ௫య
ൌെ െ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ଷ
௫ య ାଷ௫ మ ିସ௫ାହ ଵ ଷ ସ ହ
ŬͿ‫׬‬ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ׬‬ቀ మ ൅ య െ ర ൅ ఱ ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
௫ఱ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ‫ ׬‬௫ మ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ‫ ׬‬௫ య ݀‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷ ‫ ׬‬௫ ర ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ ‫ ׬‬௫ ఱ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ିଶ ିଷ ିସ ିହ
ൌ ‫ݔ׬‬ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ‫ݔ ׬‬ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ Ͷ ‫ݔ ׬‬ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ ‫ݔ ׬‬ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
௫ షభ ௫ షమ ௫ షయ ௫ షర ଵ ଷ ସ ହ
ൌ ൅ ͵ ିଶ െ Ͷ ିଷ ൅ ͷ ିସ ൅ܿ ൌ െ െ ൅ െ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ିଵ ௫ ଶ௫ మ ଷ௫ య ସ௫ ర

WĄŐ͘ϳϮ
ϰ͘ĂͿ‫׬‬ሾʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻଶହ ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬

మల
൫௫ మ ାଵ൯
ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ଺
ďͿ‫׬‬ሺଷ ‫ ݔ‬Ǥ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫׬‬ሾ ଷ ‫ ݔ‬Ǥ ሺെ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െ ‫ݔ‬
ୡ୭ୱర ௫
ൌെ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ସ
భ
ĐͿ‫׬‬ൣሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͹ሻξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷ൧ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ׬‬ቂሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͹ሻሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻమ ቃ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͹
య
య
൫௫ మ ା଻௫ାହ൯మ ଶ ଶඥሺ௫ మ ା଻௫ାହሻయ
ൌ య ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻమ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ ଷ
మ
ଵ
ĚͿ‫׬‬ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͹ሻଽ ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ሾͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͹ሻଽ ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͹ሻᇱ ൌ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ଵଶ
భబ భబ
ଵ ൫ସ௫ య ା଻൯ ൫ସ௫ య ା଻൯
ൌ ൈ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵଶ ଵ଴ ଵଶ଴
௘ೣ
ĞͿ‫ ׬‬ሺ௘ ೣ య ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ͳሻିଷ ሿ ݀‫ݔ‬ ͮሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௫
ାଵሻ
ሺ௘ ೣ ାଵሻషమ ଵ
ൌ ൌെ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ିଶ ଶሺ௘ ೣ ାଵሻమ


భ
ଵ ଵ
ĨͿ‫׬‬ൣ݁ ଶ௫ ξ͵ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ൧ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ൣʹ݁ ଶ௫ ξ͵ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ൧ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ׬‬ቂʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሺ͵ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ሻమ ቃ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ͵ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ݁ ଶ௫
ଶ ଶ
య
భ
൫ଷା௘ మೣ ൯మ ଵ య
ඥሺଷା௘ మೣ ሻయ
ൌ మ
య ൌ ሺ͵ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ሻమ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ ଷ
మ
ŐͿ‫׬‬ሾሺͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ Ǥ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫׬‬ሾሺͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ Ǥ ሺെ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െ ‫ݔ‬
ሺଵାୡ୭ୱ ௫ሻయ
ൌെ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϳϯ
ర ଵ ర
ϱ͘ĂͿ‫׬‬൫‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ௫ ൯ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬൫Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ݁ ௫ ൯ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ‫ ݔ‬ସ ሻᇱ ൌ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଷ
ସ
ర
௘ೣ
ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ସ
య
భ
௫మ ଶξ௫ య
ďͿ‫׬‬൫ξ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ݁ ௫ ൯ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ׬‬మ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ ‫ ݁ ׬‬௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ య ൅ Ͷ݁ ௫ ൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ Ͷ݁ ௫ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ
మ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ‫ ׬‬ቀ ఱ െ ξʹ݁ ௫ ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ׬‬ఱ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ׬‬ξʹ݁ ௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ି ݔ ׬‬ହ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ξʹ ‫ ݁ ׬‬௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ௫ ଶ௫ ଶ
ଵ ௫ షర ଵ
ൌ െ ξʹ݁ ௫ ൅ ܿ ൌ െ െ ξʹ݁ ௫ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ିସ ଼௫ ర
ĚͿ‫׬‬ሾͳʹ݁ ௫ ሺ݁ ௫ ൅ Ͷሻହ െ ͳͷ݁ ିହ௫ ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ

ൌ ͳʹ ‫׬‬ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ݁ ௫ ൅ Ͷሻହ ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ‫׬‬ሺെͷ݁ ିହ௫ ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ݁ ௫ ൅ Ͷሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௫ Ğሺെͷ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െͷ
ሺ௘ ೣ ାସሻల
ൌ ͳʹ
଺
൅ ͵݁ ିହ௫ ൅ ܿ ൌ ʹሺ݁ ௫ ൅ Ͷሻ଺ ൅ ͵݁ ିହ௫ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௘ ౪ౝೣ
ĞͿ‫ ׬‬ቂୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ൅ʹͶ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹ሻଷ ቃ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଵ
ൌ ‫׬‬ቀ ൈ ݁ ୲୥௫ ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳʹ ‫׬‬ሾʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹ሻଷ ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ
ଵ
Ğሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫
ర
൫௫ మ ା଻൯
ൌ ݁ ୲୥௫ ൅ ͳʹ ൅ ܿ ൌ ݁ ୲୥௫ ൅ ͵ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹ሻସ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ସ
௘ ξೣ ௘ ξೣ
ĨͿ‫ ׬‬൤ െ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൨ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ ݀‫ݔ‬ െ ‫׬‬ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ξ௫ ξ௫
ଵ ଵ ᇱ
ൌ ʹ‫׬‬ቀ ൈ ݁ ξ௫ ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫׬‬ሾ͵ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮ൫ξ‫ݔ‬൯ ൌ
ଵ
Ğሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻᇱ ൌ ͵
ଶξ௫ ଷ ଶξ௫
ଵ ሺଷ௫ାଵሻ య ሺଷ௫ାଵሻయ
ൌ ʹ݁ ξ െ ൈ ଷ ൌ ʹ݁ ξ௫ െ ଽ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫א‬
௫
Թ
ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϳϰ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ௫ షభ
ϲ͘ĂͿ‫ ׬‬ቀ ൅ మ ൅ ݁ ௫ ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ݀ ׬‬൅ ‫ି ݔ ׬‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݁ ׬‬௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൅ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൌ
௫ ௫ ௫ ିଵ
ଵ
ൌ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ െ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫


ସା௫ య ସ ଵ ௫య
ďͿ‫׬‬ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ݔ݀ ׬‬൅ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷ ‫ ݔ݀ ׬‬൅ ‫ ݔ ׬‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൅ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫ ௫ ௫ ଷ
௫ ଵ ଶ௫
ĐͿ‫ ׬‬మ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ׬‬మ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͹ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬
௫ ା଻ ଶ ௫ ା଻
୪୬ห௫ మ ା଻ห ୪୬൫௫ మ ା଻൯
ൌ ଶ
൅ܿ ൌ ଶ
ୱୣ୬ ଷ௫ ଵ ିଷ ୱୣ୬ ଷ௫

ĚͿ‫ ׬‬ଵାୡ୭ୱ ଷ௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ଷ ‫׬‬ ଵାୡ୭ୱ ଷ௫
݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ͮሺሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻሻᇱ ൌ െ͵ ሺ͵‫ݔ‬ሻ
୪୬ȁଵାୡ୭ୱሺଷ௫ሻȁ
ൌെ ଷ
௫ మ ାଷ௫ିଵ ଷ ଵ
ĞͿ‫׬‬ ௫ାଶ
݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ׬‬ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ െ
௫ାଶ
ቁ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬൅ ‫ ݔ݀ ͳ ׬‬െ ͵ ‫׬‬
௫ାଶ
݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ
௫మ
ൌ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ȁ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹȁ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϳϱ
ଶ ଵ
ϳ͘ĂͿ‫ ׬‬ቀ ൅ ͵݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ݀ ׬‬൅ ͵ ‫ ݁ ׬‬௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬ൌ
௫ ௫
ൌ ʹ ȁ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൅ ͵݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ďͿ‫׬‬ሾ݁ ௫ ሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ʹሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ʹሻᇱ ൌ ݁ ௫

ൌ ሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ʹሻ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫ మ ାୡ୭ୱሺ୪୬ ௫ሻ ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ‫׬‬ ௫
݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬൅ ‫ ׬‬ቂ ൈ ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻቃ ݀‫ݔ‬ ͮሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ
௫ ௫
௫మ
ൌ ଶ
൅ ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ĚͿ‫׬‬ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ

ଵ
ൌ ‫׬‬ሾሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ
ଶ
ୱୣ୬൫௫ మ ାଶ௫൯
ൌ ଶ
భ
భ
ξ௫ା௫ ୱୣ୫ ௫ ξ௫ ି ௫మ
ĞͿ‫׬‬ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ‫ ׬‬௫ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൅ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬ൌ ‫ݔ ׬‬ మ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬ൌ భ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ ൌ
௫
మ
ൌ ʹξ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵ
ĨͿ‫׬‬ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͷሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ሾͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͷሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͷሻᇱ ൌ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ଵଶ
ଵ ି ୡ୭ୱ൫ସ௫ య ାହ൯
ൌ ሾെ ሺͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͷሻሿ ൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵଶ ଵଶ
ŐͿ‫׬‬ሾ݁ ଶ௫ ሺͳ ൅ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ሾ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ݁ ଶ௫ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ

ൌ ‫ ݁ ׬‬ଶ௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫׬‬ሾ݁ ଶ௫ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଵ ଵ
ൌ ‫׬‬ሺʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫׬‬ሾሺʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻሿ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹĞሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ݁ ଶ௫
ଶ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ௘ మೣ ିୡ୭ୱ൫௘ మೣ ൯
ൌ ݁ ଶ௫ െ ሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ଶ ଶ


WĄŐ͘ϳϲ
ϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
න ଷ ‫ ݔ݀ݔ‬ൌ නሺ‫ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ නሾ‫ݔ‬ሺͳ െ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ൌ නሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ න ‫ ݔ݀ݔ‬൅ නሺെ‫ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ͳ
ൌ න ‫ ݔ݀ݔ‬൅ නሾሺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ଷ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ
͵
ŶƚĆŽ͗
ߨ ߨ ͳ ߨ
‫ ܨ‬ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͷ ฻ െ ൅ ଷ ቀ ቁ ൅ ܿ ൌ Ͷ ฻ Ͳ ൅ Ͳ ൅ ܿ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ܿ ൌ Ͷ
ʹ ʹ ͵ ʹ
ଵ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ͘
ଷ

ϵ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଷ ଷ
භ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ൌ ሺ௫ିଶሻሺ௫ିଷሻ͘
௫ మ ିହ௫ା଺
භWĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ‫ א ݔ‬Թ̳ሼʹǡ ͵ሽ͗
͵ ‫ܣ‬ ‫ܤ‬
ൌ ൅ ฻ ͵ ൌ ‫ܣ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻ ൅ ‫ܤ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ ฻ ‫ ݔܣ‬െ ͵‫ ܣ‬൅ ‫ ݔܤ‬െ ʹ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͵ ฻
ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵
฻ ሺ‫ ܣ‬൅ ‫ܤ‬ሻ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵‫ ܣ‬െ ʹ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ ܣ‬൅ ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͲĞെ͵‫ ܣ‬െ ʹ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͵͘
‫ ܣ‬൅ ‫ ܤ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ܣ‬ൌ െ‫ܤ‬ െ ‫ ܣ‬ൌ െ͵
ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ ቄ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͵ ฻ ቄ
െ͵‫ ܣ‬െ ʹ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͵ ͵‫ ܤ‬െ ʹ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͵ ‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ଷ ିଷ ଷ ଵ ଵ
‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ׬‬௫ మ ିହ௫ା଺ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ׬‬ቀ௫ିଶ ൅ ௫ିଷቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ׬‬௫ିଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ ‫ ׬‬௫ିଷ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
௫ିଷ
െ͵ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹȁ ൅ ͵ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ȁ ൅ ܿ ൌ ͵ሺȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ȁ െ ȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹȁሻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ͵ ቚ௫ିଶቚ ൅ ܿ
ଵିଷ
KƌĂ͕‫ܨ‬ሺͳሻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ͵ ቚ ቚ൅ ܿ ൌ ͵ ฻ ͵ ሺʹሻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ͵ ฻ ܿ ൌ ͵ െ ͵ ሺʹሻ
ଵିଶ
௫ିଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ቚ ቚ൅ ͵ െ ͵ ሺʹሻ͘
௫ିଶ

WĄŐ͘ϳϳ
ϭϬ͘ĂͿdĞŵŽƐĚƵĂƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗
ϭ͘‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬Ğ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬
Ϯ͘‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬Ğ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬
,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞϭ͗
௫మ
‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݒ͕ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݑ͕ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ğ‫ ݒ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ
௫మ ௫మ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫׬‬ሺ‫ݔ ݔ‬ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଶ
‫ݔ‬ െ ‫ ׬‬ቂ ሺെ ‫ݔ‬ሻቃ ݀‫͘ݔ‬
ଶ
KďƚŝǀĞŵŽƐ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ƵŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽƉĂƌĂƉƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂƌŵĂŝƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆĂĚŽƋƵĞĂŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů͘


,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞϮ͗
‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݒ͕ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݑ͕ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬Ğ‫ ݒ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫׬‬ሺ‫ݔ ݔ‬ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬Ǥ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬ൌ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬െ ሺെ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ܿ ൌ
ൌ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ďͿdĞŵŽƐĚƵĂƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗
ϭ͘‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬Ğ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ
Ϯ͘‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻĞ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬
,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞϭ͗
௫మ ଵ
‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݒ͕ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ͕‫ݑ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ğ‫ ݒ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ͕
ଶ ௫
௫మ ௫మ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫׬‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ‫ ׬‬ቀ ൈ ቁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ ଶ ௫
௫ మ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ௫ మ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ௫మ ௫ మ ୪୬ሺ௫ሻ ௫మ
ൌ െ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ ׬‬ൌ െ ൈ ଶ ൅ܿ ൌ െ ସ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
EĆŽŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚĂŵŽƐ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĚĞƵƚŝůŝǌĂƌĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂŚŝƉſƚĞƐĞ͘
ĐͿdĞŵŽƐĚƵĂƐĞƐĐŽůŚĂƐƉŽƐƐşǀĞŝƐ͗
ϭ͘‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ Ğ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ି௫
Ϯ͘‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ି௫ Ğ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ
,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞϭ͗
௫య
‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͕‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ି௫ ͕‫ݑ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ğ‫ ݒ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ݁ ି௫
ଷ
௫ య ି௫ ௫య
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫׬‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ି௫ ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ଷ
݁ െ ‫ ׬‬ቂ ଷ ሺെ݁ ି௫ ሻቃ ݀‫͘ݔ‬
KďƚŝǀĞŵŽƐ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ƵŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽƉĂƌĂƉƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂƌŵĂŝƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆĂĚŽƋƵĞĂŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů͘
,ŝƉſƚĞƐĞϮ͗
‫ݑ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ି௫ ͕‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ͕‫ݑ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െ݁ ି௫ Ğ‫ ݒ‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ‫ݔ‬
ሺ‫כ‬ሻ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫׬‬ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ି௫ ሻ
݁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ݁ ି௫ ଶ ሺെ݁ ି௫
‫ ݔ‬െ ‫׬‬ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ݁ ି௫ ଶ
‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ‫׬‬ ሺ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ ฎ
ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ି௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ െ ሺെ݁ ି௫ ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ณ Ǥ ݁ตሻ
‫ ׬‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ ‫׬‬
௩ሺ௫ሻ ௨ᇲ ሺ௫ሻ
ൌ െ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ െ ݁ ି௫ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ሺ‫כ‬ሻ
ฎ െ ݁ ି௫ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹሺെ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ െ ݁ ି௫ ሻ ൅ ܿ ൌ െ݁ ି௫ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ି ݁ݔ‬௫ െ ʹ݁ ି௫ ൅ ܿ ൌ
ൌ
ൌ െ݁ ି௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൅ ܿǡ ܿ ‫ א‬Թ

WĄŐ͘ϳϴ
ϭϭܽ͘ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ฻ ‫ݒ‬Ʋሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ ܿଵ ǡ ܿଵ ‫ א‬Թ͘

ŽŵŽ‫ݒ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͷ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞܿଵ ൌ Ͷ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ Ͷ͘
௧మ
‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ Ͷ ฻ ‫݌‬ᇱ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵‫ ݐ‬൅ Ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŵ‫݌‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݐ‬൅ ܿଶ ǡ ܿଶ ‫ א‬Թ͘
ଶ
ଷ௧ మ
ŽŵŽ‫݌‬ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞܿଶ ൌ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫݌‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ଶ
൅ Ͷ‫͘ݐ‬
ଷൈହమ
ŶƚĆŽ͕‫݌‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ൅ Ͷ ൈ ͷ ൌ ͷ͹ǡͷ͘
ଶ


Ϯ͘EŽĕĆŽĚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů

WĄŐ͘ϴϬ
^ĞƌĄƋƵĞ͙͍ĄůĐƵůŽĚĞƵŵĂĄƌĞĂ
ĂͿ ďͿ

ƌĞŐŝĆŽƌĞĨĞƌŝĚĂĠŽƚƌĂƉĠǌŝŽሾ‫ܦܥܤܣ‬ሿĚĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĚĂĂůşŶĞĂďͿ͘
ƐƵĂĄƌĞĂĠĚĂĚĂƉŽƌ͗
തതതത
஻஼ ା஺஽ തതതത ௙ሺସሻା௙ሺଶሻ ଽାହ
തതതത ൌ
ൈ ‫ܦܥ‬ ൈ ሺͶ െ ʹሻ ൌ ൈ ʹ ൌ ͳͶƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϴϭ
ସ
ϭϮ͘ĂͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐƵũĂĄƌĞĂĠŽŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů‫׬‬଴ ‫͘ ݔ݀ݔ‬

ସ ସൈସ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫׬‬଴ ‫ ݔ݀ݔ‬ൌ ଶ
ൌ ͺ͘


଺
ďͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐƵũĂĄƌĞĂĠŽŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů‫׬‬ଵ ʹ݀‫͘ ݔ‬

଺
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫׬‬ଵ ʹ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͷ ൈ ʹ ൌ ͳͲ͘

WĄŐ͘ϴϱ
௫ మ ାଵ ᇱ మ ାଵ
ϭϯ͘ĂͿ൫‫׬‬ଵ ݁ ௧ ݀‫ݐ‬൯ ൌ ݁ ௫
ଷ௫ାଶ ᇱ
ďͿቀ‫׬‬ଶ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ ݐ‬ଷ ሻ ݀‫ݐ‬ቁ ൌ ሾͳ ൅ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻଷ ሿ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻᇱ ൌ ͵ ሾͳ ൅ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻଷ ሿ

WĄŐ͘ϴϲ
ଷ
ϭϰ͘ĂͿ‫׬‬ଵ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͷሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͷ‫ݔ‬ሿଵଷ ൌ ͸Ͳ െ ͺ ൌ ͷʹ
୪୬ ଷ ୪୬ ଷ
ďͿ‫׬‬଴ ሺʹ݁ ௫ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ‫׬‬଴ ݁ ௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ൈ ሾ݁ ௫ ሿ୪୬
଴
ଷ
ൌ ʹ ൈ ൫݁ ୪୬ ଷ െ ݁ ଴ ൯ ൌ ʹ ൈ ሺ͵ െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͷ

ϭϱ͘EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘


ĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ͗
ଶ
ଶ ௫ర ହ ଵଽ
‫׬‬ଵ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ͳሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ ସ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ͸ െ ସ ൌ ସ

ଵ

WĄŐ͘ϴϳ
ϭϲ͘EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

dĞŵͲƐĞͳʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ
ଵ
ଵ ଵ ௫య
‫ି׬‬ଷሺͳʹ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ି׬‬ଷሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͻሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂͳʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ቃ
ଷ ିଷ
െ ሾ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͻ‫ݔ‬ሿଵିଷ ൌ
ଷହ ଷଶ
ൌቂ െ ሺെʹ͹ሻቃ െ ሾͳͲ െ ሺെͳͺሻሿ ൌ
ଷ ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϴϴ
ଶగ
ϭϳ͘ĂͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐƵũĂĄƌĞĂĠŽŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů‫׬‬଴ ȁ ‫ݔ‬ȁ݀‫͘ ݔ‬

dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂ‫ א ݔ‬ሾͲǡ ʹߨሿ͕ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹߨ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ଶగ గ ଶగ
න ȁ ‫ݔ‬ȁ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ න ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬൅ න ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ
଴ ଴ గ
ൌ ሾെ ‫ݔ‬ሿగ଴ ൅ ሾെ ‫ݔ‬ሿଶగ
గ ൌ ሺെ ߨ ൅ Ͳሻ ൅ ሺെ ʹߨ ൅ ߨሻ ൌ ʹ ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͷ


ହ
ďͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐƵũĂĄƌĞĂĠŽŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů‫ି׬‬ଵȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹȁ݀‫͘ ݔ‬

dĞŵͲƐĞ͗‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹĞ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ͘
ହ ଶ ହ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ି׬‬ଵȁ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹȁ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ି׬‬ଵሺʹ െ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫׬‬ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ
ଶ ହ
௫మ ௫మ ହ ହ ଽ ଽ
ൌ ቂʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ቃ ൅ ቂ ଶ െ ʹ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌ ቂʹ െ ቀെ ቁቃ ൅ ቂ െ ሺെʹሻቃ ൌ ൅ ൌ ͻ͘
ଶ ିଵ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

ϭϴ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕‫ ݔ׊‬൏ Ͳǡ ͳ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬൒ ͲĞ‫ ݔ׊‬൒ Ͳǡ ͳ ൅ ݁ ௫ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ଵ ଴ ଵ
‫ି׬‬గ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ି׬‬గሺͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫׬‬଴ ሺͳ ൅ ݁ ௫ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሿ଴ିగ ൅ ሾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݁ ௫ ሿଵ଴ ൌ
ൌ ሾͲ െ ሺെߨሻሿ ൅ ሾͳ ൅ ݁ െ ሺͳሻሿ ൌ ߨ ൅ ݁

WĄŐ͘ϵϬ
గ
ϭϵ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕‫ א ݔ׊‬ቂ ǡ ߨቃ ǡ ‫ ݔ‬൑ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ଶ
గ గ గ గ
‫׬‬ഏ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫׬‬ഏ െ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ െሾെ ‫ݔ‬ሿഏ ൌ െ ቂെ ߨ െ ቀെ ଶ ቁቃ ൌ െሺͲ ൅ ͳሻ ൌ െͳ
మ మ మ

WĄŐ͘ϵϴ
௫ఱ
ϮϬ͘ĂͿܲሺ‫ ݔ‬ସ െ ͳሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ ݔ‬ସ ሻ െ ܲሺͳሻ ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ହ
య భ
య య ష శభ ష
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ௫ మ ଵ ௫ మ ଶ ଵ
ďͿܲ ൌ ܲ ቀ ‫ି ݔ‬మ ቁ ൌ ܲ ቀ‫ି ݔ‬మ ቁ ൌ ൈ య ൅ܿ ൌ ൈ భ ൅ܿ ൌെ ൈ ൅ ܿ ൌ
ξଽ௫ య ଷ ଷ ଷ ି ାଵ ଷ ି ଷ ξ௫
మ మ
ଶ
ൌെ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷξ௫
௫ళ ௫ర
ĐͿܲሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ʹሻଶ ൌ ܲሺ‫ ଺ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ Ͷሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ ଺ ݔ‬ሻ ൅ Ͷܲሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ ൅ ܲሺͶሻ ൌ ଻
൅ Ͷ ቀ ସ ቁ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ ൌ
௫ళ
ൌ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
଻
ఱ మ భ
௫ మ ି௫ାଷ ௫మ ௫ ଷ ௫మ ௫ ଷ
ĚͿܲ య ൌ ܲ ቀ య െ య ൅ య ቁ ൌ ܲ య െ ܲ య ൅ ܲ య ൌ ܲ ቀ‫ ݔ‬య ቁ െ ܲ ቀ‫ ݔ‬య ቁ ൅ ͵ܲ ቀ‫ି ݔ‬య ቁ ൌ
ξ௫ ξ௫ ξ௫ ξ௫ ξ௫ ξ௫ ξ௫
ఴ ఱ మ
௫య ௫య ௫య ଷయ ଷయ ଽయ
ൌ ఴ െ ఱ ൅͵ൈ మ ൅ ܿ ൌ ξ‫ ଼ ݔ‬െ ξ‫ ݔ‬ହ ൅ ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
଼ ହ ଶ
య య య


య
భ
ሺ௫ାଶሻమ ଶඥሺ௫ାଶሻయ
ĞͿܲξ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൌ ܲ ቂሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻమ ቃ ൌ య ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ
మ
ୱୣ୬మ ௫
ĨͿሺ ‫ݔ ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ
ଵ ଵ ୡ୭ୱሺ଼௫ሻ
ŐͿሺͺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሾͺ ሺͺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ሾെ ሺͺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൅ ܿ ൌ െ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
଼ ଼ ଼
ଵ ଵ ୱୣ୬ሺହ௫ሻ
ŚͿܲ ሺͷ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሾͷ ሺͷ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ሺͷ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ହ ହ ହ
ଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ ୪୬ȁଷ௫ି଻ȁ
ŝͿܲ ൌ ܲቀ ቁ ൌ ȁ͵‫ ݔ‬െ ͹ȁ ൅ ܿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ௫ି଻ ଷ ଷ௫ି଻ ଷ ଷ
య
భ
௫మ ௫మ ௫మ ଶξ௫ య
ũͿ൫‫ ݔ‬െ ξ‫ݔ‬൯ ൌ ܲሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ܲ ቀ‫ ݔ‬మ ቁ ൌ ଶ
െ య ൅ܿ ൌ ଶ
െ ଷ
൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
మ
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଵ ௫య ଵ ௫ షభ
ŬͿܲ ቀ‫ ݔ‬െ ଶ௫ቁ ൌ ܲ ቀ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ ൅ ସ௫ మ ቁ ൌ ܲሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ െ ܲሺͳሻ ൅ ସ ܲሺ‫ି ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ଷ
െ‫ݔ‬൅ ൈ
ସ ିଵ
൅ ܿ ൌ
௫య ଵ
ൌ െ‫ݔ‬െ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ ସ௫
ሺ௫ାଵሻళ
ůͿሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ଺ ൌ ଻
൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫మ
ŵͿሺ݁ ௫ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ͵ሻ ൌ ܲሺ݁ ௫ ሻ ൅ ʹܲሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ͵ሻ ൌ ݁ ௫ ൅ ʹ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ ൌ ݁ ௫ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ
௫ మ ௘ ೣ ିଵ ଵ ௫ షభ ଵ
ŶͿܲ ൌ ܲ ቀ݁ ௫ െ ቁ ൌ ܲሺ݁ ௫ ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ି ݔ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ݁ ௫ െ ൅ ܿ ൌ ݁ ௫ ൅ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫మ ௫మ ିଵ ௫
ŽͿܲሺ݁ ௫ାଷ ൅ ʹሻ ൌ ܲሺ݁ ௫ାଷ ሻ ൅ ܲሺʹሻ ൌ ݁ ௫ାଷ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵ ିଵ
ƉͿ ൌ െܲ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ȁͳ െ ‫ݔ‬ȁ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵି௫ ଵି௫
ୱୣ୬ሺହ௫ି଻ሻ ଵ ିହ ୱୣ୬ሺହ௫ି଻ሻ ୪୬ȁୡ୭ୱሺହ௫ି଻ሻȁ

ƋͿܲ ሺͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ͹ሻ ൌ ܲ ൌെ ܲ ൌെ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ୡ୭ୱሺହ௫ି଻ሻ ହ ୡ୭ୱሺହ௫ି଻ሻ ହ
భ
భ భ ሺଶ ୱୣ୬ ௫ାଵሻమ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ଵ ଵ
ƌͿܲ ൌ ܲ ቂ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻିమ ቃ ൌ ܲ ቂʹ ‫ ݔ‬ሺʹ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻିమ ቃ ൌ ൈ భ ൅ ܿ ൌ
ξଶ ୱୣ୬ ௫ାଵ ଶ ଶ
మ
ൌ ξʹ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
୲୥య ௫ ଵ ୲୥ర ௫
ƐͿܲ ൌ ܲ ቎ ଷ ‫ ݔ‬ൈ ถ ቏ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ସ
ሺ୲୥ ௫ሻᇲ
య
భ
ଷ ଵ ଵ ൫௫ ర ାଵ൯మ ඥሺ௫ ర ାଵሻయ
ƚͿ൫‫ ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ ͳ൯ ൌ ܲ ቂͶ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ ͳሻ ቃ ൌ ൈ మ య ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ସ ସ ଺
మ
య
భ
ଵ ଵ ൫௫ మ ିଵ൯మ ඥሺ௫ మ ିଵሻయ
ƵͿ൫‫ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳ൯ ൌ ܲ ቂʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳሻ ቃ ൌ ൈ
మ య ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ଶ ଷ
మ


ଵ ௘ యೣషర
ǀͿሺ݁ ଷ௫ିସ ሻ ൌ ܲሺ͵݁ ଷ௫ିସ ሻ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ ଷ
మ
మ ାଵ ଵ మ ାଵ ௘ ೣ శభ
ǁͿܲ൫‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ൯ ൌ ଶ ܲ൫ʹ‫ ݁ݔ‬௫ ൯ൌ ଶ
ଵ ᇱ య ᇱ భ
ǆͿܲቀξ‫ ݁ݔ‬ଶ௫ξ௫ ቁ ൌ ܲቀ͵ξ‫ ݁ݔ‬ଶ௫ξ௫ ቁ ൌ ͮ൫ʹ‫ݔ‬ξ‫ݔ‬൯ ൌ ቀʹ‫ ݔ‬మ ቁ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬మ ൌ ͵ξ‫ݔ‬
ଷ
௘ మೣξೣ
ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ
୪୬మ ሺ௫ሻ ଵ ሺ୪୬ሺ௫ሻሻయ ୪୬య ௫ሺሻ

ǇͿ ൌ ܲ ቂ ሺሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሻଶ ቃ ൌ ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫ ௫ ଷ ଷ
భ
భ
ଵ ଵ ሺ୲୥ ௫ିଵሻమ
ǌͿܲ ൌ ܲ ቂ మ௫ ൈ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻିమ ቃ ൌ భ ൅ ܿ ൌ ʹඥ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ୡ୭ୱమ ௫ ඥ୲୥ ௫ିଵ ୡ୭ୱ
మ

WĄŐ͘ϵϵ
మ మ௫
Ϯϭ͘ĂͿܲൣሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ݁ ୱୣ୬ ௫ ൧ ൌ ݁ ୱୣ୬ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ ͮሺଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
మ ାସ௫ାଷ ଵ మ ାସ௫ାଷ
ďͿܲൣ݁ ௫ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ൧ ൌ ܲൣ݁ ௫ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷሻ൧ ൌ ͮሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͵ሻᇱ ൌ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ Ͷ
ଶ
మ
௘ ೣ శరೣశయ
ൌ ଶ
൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵ ଵ
ĐͿܲሾ݁ ହ௫ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻସ ሿ ൌ ܲሺ݁ ହ௫ ሻ ൅ ܲሾ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻସ ሿ ൌ ହ ܲሺͷ݁ ହ௫ ሻ ൅ ଶ ܲሾʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻସ ሿ ൌ
ఱ ఱ
௘ ఱೣ ଵ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯ ௘ ఱೣ ൫௫ మ ାଵ൯
ൌ ൅ ൈ ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ହ ଶ ହ ହ ଵ଴
௘ మೣ ଵ ଶ௘ మೣ ୪୬หଷା௘ మೣ ห ୪୬൫ଷା௘ మೣ ൯
ĚͿଷା௘ మೣ ൌ ܲ ଷା௘ మೣ ൌ ൅ܿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
భ
ୱୣ୬ሺଶ௫ሻ
ĞͿܲ ൌ ܲ ቂሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺͳ ൅ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻିమ ቃ ൌ ͮሺͳ ൅ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬ൌ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ
ξଵାୡ୭ୱమ ௫
భ
భ
ଶ ି ൫ଵାୡ୭ୱమ ௫൯మ
ൌ െܲ ቂെ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ሺͳ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ሻ మ ቃൌെ భ ൅ ܿ ൌ െʹξͳ ൅ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
మ
ଵ ଵ
ĨͿܲሾሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲሾߨ ሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൅ ܲሾʹߨ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ
గ ଶగ
ଵ ଵ ୱୣ୬ሺଶగ௫ሻିଶ ୡ୭ୱሺగ௫ሻ
ൌ െ ሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ܿൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
గ ଶగ ଶగ
ଵ ୱୣ୬൫௫ మ ାସ൯
ŐͿሾ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷሻሿ ൌ ܲሾʹ‫ ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷሻሿ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ଶ
ୡ୭ୱయ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫൫ଵିୱୣ୬మ ௫൯ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ୱୣ୬మ ௫

ŚͿܲ ൌ ܲ ൌ ܲ െ ܲ ൌ ܲሾ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻିସ ሿ െ ܲሾ ‫ ݔ‬ሺ ‫ݔ‬ሻିଶ ሿ ൌ
ୱୣ୬ర ௫ ୱୣ୬ర ௫ ୱୣ୬ర ௫ ୱୣ୬ర ௫
ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻషయ ሺୱୣ୬ ௫ሻషభ ଵ ଵ
ൌ െ ൅ܿ ൌെ ൅ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ିଷ ିଵ ଷ ୱୣ୬య ௫ ୱୣ୬ ௫


௫ మ ାଷ௫ିହ ଻ ௫ మ ାଷ௫ିହ ଻
ŝͿܲ ൌ ܲ ቀ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ െ ቁ ൌ ͮ ൌ‫ݔ‬൅ʹെ
௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ ௫ାଵ
ଵ ௫ మ
ൌ ܲሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺʹሻ െ ͹ܲ ൌ ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ െ ͹ ȁ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳȁ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫ାଵ

ଶ ଵ ଵ ሺ௫ାଵሻషమ ଵ
ϮϮ͘ĂͿ‫׬‬ଵ ሺ௫ାଵሻయ
݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ͮܲ ሺ௫ାଵሻయ ൌ ܲሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻିଷ ሿ ൌ
ିଶ
൅ܿ ൌെ
ଶሺ௫ାଵሻమ
൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଵ ହ
ൌ ቂെ
ଶሺ௫ାଵሻమ ଵ
ቃ ൌ െ ଵ଼ െ ቀെ ଼ቁ ൌ ଻ଶ
య
ସ భ
ሺ௫ మ ାଽሻమ ඥሺ௫ మ ାଽሻయ
ďͿ‫׬‬଴ ൫‫ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͻ൯݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮܲൣ‫ݔ‬ξ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͻ൧ ൌ ଵଶ ܲ ቂʹ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͻሻమ ቃ ൌ ଵଶ ൈ య ൅ܿ ൌ
ଷ
൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
మ
ସ
ඥሺ௫ మ ାଽሻయ ଵଶହ ଶ଻ ଽ଼
ൌ൤ ଷ
൨ ൌ െ ൌ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
଴
ସ ௫మ ௫మ ௫మ
ĐͿ‫׬‬ଵ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀ ቁቃ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮܲ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ቀ ቁቃ ൌ െ ቀ ቁ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ସ
௫మ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ቂെ ቀ ଶ ቁቃ ൌ െ ͺ െ ቀെ ቁ ൌ െ ͺ
ଵ ଶ ଶ
ଵାୡ୭ୱሺଶగ௫ሻ
ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞଶሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ଶ
͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ଵାୡ୭ୱሺଶగ௫ሻ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ܲሾଶ ሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲ ൌ ܲ ቂ ൅ ൈ ʹ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻቃ ൌ ܲቀ ቁ൅ ܲሾʹߨ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ
ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ ସగ
௫ ଵ
ൌ ൅ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ସగ
ଵ ௫ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫׬‬଴ ଶሺߨ‫ݔ‬ሻ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ ൅ ሺʹߨ‫ݔ‬ሻቃ ൌ ቀ ቁ െ Ͳ ൌ ͘
ଶ ସగ ଴ ଶ ଶ
ĞͿdĞŵͲƐĞܲሺଷ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሾ ‫ ݔ‬ሺͳ െ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲ ‫ ݔ‬െ ܲሾ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ
ୡ୭ୱయ ௫
ൌ ܲ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܲሾሺെ ‫ݔ‬ሻ ଶ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ൌ െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ
గ
గ ୡ୭ୱయ ௫ ଵ ଵ ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫׬‬଴ ଷ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ ቂെ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ቃ ൌ ቀͳ െ ଷቁ െ ቀെͳ ൅ ଷቁ ൌ ଷ
ଷ ଴
୪୬ሺଷሻ
୪୬ሺଷሻ ଶ௫ ௘ మೣ ௘ మ ౢ౤ሺయሻ ଵ ଽ ଵ ଵ ௘ మೣ
ĨͿ‫׬‬଴ ݁ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ ቃ ൌ െ ൌ െ ൌ Ͷ ͮܲሺ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ൌ ܲሺʹ݁ ଶ௫ ሻ ൌ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ଴ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
௘ିଵ ଵ
ŐͿ‫׬‬଴ ݀‫ݔ‬ ൌ ሾȁ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳȁሿ௘ିଵ
଴ ൌ ሺ݁ሻ െ ሺͳሻ ൌ ͳ
௫ାଵ
ഏ ഏ
ୡ୭ୱ ௫ గ ସ
ŚͿ‫׬‬଴మ ଷାୱୣ୬ ௫ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሾȁ͵ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ȁሿ଴మ ൌ ቚ͵ ൅ ଶ ቚ െ ȁ͵ ൅ Ͳȁ ൌ ሺͶሻ െ ሺ͵ሻ ൌ ቀଷቁ
୪୬ሺଶሻ ௘ మೣ ௘ మೣ ଵ ିଶ௘ మೣ ଵ
ŝͿ‫׬‬Ȃ୪୬ሺଶሻ మೣ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͮܲ ି௘ మೣ ାଽ ൌ െ ܲ ି௘ మೣ ାଽ ൌ െ ȁെ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ͻȁ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ି௘ ାଽ ଶ ଶ
ଵ ୪୬ሺଶሻ ଵ ଵ ଷହ ଵ ଻ ξ଻
ൌ ቂെ ȁെ݁ ଶ௫ ൅ ͻȁቃ ൌ െ ሺͷሻ ൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൌ ቀ ଶ ቁ
ଶ ି ୪୬ሺଶሻ ଶ ଶ ସ ଶ ସ


WĄŐ͘ϭϬϬ
Ϯϯ͘ĂͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

ହ
ହ ௫య ଶହ଴ ଶହ଴ ହ଴଴
‫ି׬‬ହሺʹͷ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂʹͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ቃ
ଷ ିହ
ൌ
ଷ
െ ቀെ
ଷ
ቁ ൌ
ଷ
ďͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ͗
ଶ
ଶ ଶ ௫య ଼ ଼ ଷଶ
‫ି׬‬ଶ Ͷ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ି׬‬ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሾͶ‫ݔ‬ሿଶିଶ െ ቂ ଷ ቃ ൌ ሺͺ ൅ ͺሻ െ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ିଶ
ĐͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ͺ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ͗
ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଶ ௫య ௫య ସ଴ ସ଴ ଼ ଼ ଺ସ
‫ି׬‬ଶሺͺ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ି׬‬ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂͺ‫ ݔ‬െ ቃ
ଷ ିଶ
െቂଷቃ ൌቀ
ଷ
൅
ଷ
ቁ െቀ ൅ ቁൌ
ଷ ଷ ଷ
ିଶ


ĚͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

ହ
dĞŵͲƐĞʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ͷ‫ ݔ‬฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ͗
ଶ
ఱ ఱ
ఱ ఱ
ହ௫ మ మ ଶ௫ య మ ଵଶହ ଵଶହ ଵଶହ
‫׬‬଴ ሺͷ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫׬‬଴ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ
మ మ
ଶ
ቃ െቂ ଷ
ቃ ൌ ଼
െ
ଵଶ
ൌ
ଶସ
଴ ଴
ĞͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ

dĞŵͲƐĞ͹ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ͗
ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଶ ௫య ௫మ ଷସ ଷ ଵଶହ
‫ି׬‬ଷሺ͹ െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ି׬‬ଷሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ͹‫ ݔ‬െ ቃ
ଷ ିଷ
െ ቂ ଶ ൅ ‫ݔ‬ቃ ൌቀ
ଷ
൅ ͳʹቁ െ ቀͶ െ ቁ ൌ
ଶ ଺
ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐ
ିଷ
ĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ĨͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

ଵ ଵ
ଵ ଵ ௫ర ௫మ ௫య ଷ ଵ ଻
‫׬‬଴ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ‫׬‬଴ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ସ ଴
ቃ െቂଶ െ
ଷ ଴
ቃ ൌ െ ൌ
ସ ଺ ଵଶ


ŐͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

௫
dĞŵͲƐĞଶ ൌ ξ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ Ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ͗
ସ ସ
ସ ସ௫ ଶξ௫ య ௫మ ଵ଺ ସ
‫׬‬଴ ξ‫ ݔ݀ݔ‬െ ‫׬‬଴ ଶ ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൤ ൨ െቂସቃ ൌ െ Ͷ ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଷ ଴ ଷ ଷ
଴
ŚͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘

ĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůăƐŽŵĂĚĂĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽሾ‫ܥܤܣ‬ሿĐŽŵĂĄƌĞĂĚĂƉŽƌĕĆŽĚĞƉůĂŶŽ
ĐŽŵƉƌĞĞŶĚŝĚĂĞŶƚƌĞŽĞŝǆŽĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ
గ గ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ א ݔ ר ݔ‬ቂെ ǡ ቃ͘
ଶ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĠ͗
ഏ ഏ
஺஼ തതതത గൈగ గమ గమ ାସ
൅ ‫ ׬‬మഏ ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ሾ ‫ݔ‬ሿ మ ഏ ൌ ൅ʹ ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ ି ଶ ି ଶ ଶ
మ మ

Ϯϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
଴
ͻ݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ‫׬‬଴ ሾሺ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ሺʹ‫ ݐ‬൅ ݁ሻሿ݀‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂƉĞůĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂů͘
ͻ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳሻ ሺʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ݁ሻĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ሺͲଶ ൅ ͳሻ ሺʹ ൈ Ͳ ൅ ݁ሻ ൌ ݁ ൌ ͳ͘
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂƋƵĞƚĞŵĚĞĐůŝǀĞŝŐƵĂůĂͳĞƋƵĞƉĂƐƐĂƉĞůŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ͲሻĠ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫͘ݔ‬

ᇱ
௫ ௘೟ ௘ೣ
Ϯϱ͘ĂͿ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ‫׬‬ଵ ݀‫ݐ‬ ቁ ൌ ௫ିଵ͘KƌĂ͕‫ א ݔ׊‬ሿͳǡ ൅λሾǡ ݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݂ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵƚŽĚŽŽ
௧ିଵ
ƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕Ğŵሿͳǡ ൅λሾ͘


௘ೣ ᇱ ሺ௘ ೣ ሻᇲ ሺ௫ିଵሻି௘ ೣ ሺ௫ିଵሻᇲ ௘ ೣ ሺ௫ିଵሻି௘ ೣ ௘ ೣ ሺ௫ିଶሻ
ďͿ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ቀ௫ିଵቁ ൌ ሺ௫ିଵሻమ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽ‫א ݔ׊‬ ൅λሾǡ ݁ ൐ Ͳ ‫ ר‬െ ͳሻ ൐ Ͳ͕ŽƐŝŶĂůĚĞ݂ ᇱᇱĠŽŵĞƐŵŽĚŽƋƵĞŽĚĞ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ͘
ሿͳǡ ௫ ሺ‫ݔ‬ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ݂ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵሿͳǡ ʹሿĞĂ
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵሾʹǡ ൅λሾ͘

Ϯϲ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ


ĐͿ
ĚͿ
଴ మ
݂ሺͲሻ ൌ ‫׬‬଴ ݁ ି௧ ݀‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ
మ
݂ ᇱ ሺͲሻ ൌ ݁ ି଴ ൌ ͳ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞƚĞŵĚĞĐůŝǀĞŝŐƵĂůĂͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂ
Ġ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫͘ݔ‬


ĞͿ

ĨͿ

Ϯϳ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͕‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͺ͕‫ݒ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͲĞ‫ݒ‬ሺͳሻ ൌ ͵Ͳ͘
௧య
ĂͿܲሾܽሺ‫ݐ‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲሺ‫ ܣ‬െ ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ‫ ݐܣ‬െ ͸ ൈ ൅ ܿ ൌ ‫ ݐܣ‬െ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ଷ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ‫ ݐܣ‬െ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ଷ ൅ ͕ܿ‫ ܣ‬൐ Ͳ͕ܿ ‫ א‬Թ͘
ŽŵŽ‫ݒ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞܿ ൌ Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݐܣ‬െ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ଷ ǡ ‫ ܣ‬൐ Ͳ͘
ŽŵŽ‫ݒ‬ሺͳሻ ൌ ͵Ͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ܣ‬െ ʹ ൌ ͵Ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ ܣ‬ൌ ͵ʹĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͵ʹ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ଷ ͘
KƌĂ͕͵ʹ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ଷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ‫ݐ‬ሺͳ͸ െ ‫ ݐ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ െͶ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ Ͷ͖ĐŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ‫ ݐ‬൒ Ͳ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞ
ƋƵĞ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݐ ש‬ൌ Ͷ͘
௧మ ௧ర ௧ర
ďͿሾ‫ݒ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲሺ͵ʹ‫ ݐ‬െ ʹ‫ ݐ‬ଷ ሻ ൌ ͵ʹ ൈ െ ʹ ൈ ൅ ܿଵ ൌ ͳ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ െ ൅ ܿଵ ͕ܿଵ ‫ א‬Թ
ଶ ସ ଶ
௧ర
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂͳ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ െ ଶ ൅ ܿଵ ͕ܿଵ ‫ א‬Թ͘
௧ర
ŽŵŽ‫ݔ‬ሺͲሻ ൌ ͺ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞܿଵ ൌ ͺ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ͸‫ ݐ‬ଶ െ ଶ
൅ ͺ͘
ସర ଺ర
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݔ‬ሺͶሻ ൌ ͳ͸ ൈ ͳ͸ െ ଶ
൅ ͺ ൌ ͳ͵͸Ğ‫ݔ‬ሺ͸ሻ ൌ ͳ͸ ൈ ͵͸ െ
ଶ
൅ ͺ ൌ െ͸Ͷ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƚĂďĞůĂĚĞǀĂƌŝĂĕĆŽĚĞƐŝŶĂŝƐĚĞ‫ݒ‬ŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽሾͲǡ ͸ሿĞĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů
ŶŽƐŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞƐ‫ ݐ‬ൌ Ͳ͕‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͶĞ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ͸͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĂĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂƉĞƌĐŽƌƌŝĚĂƉĞůŽƉŽŶƚŽƋƵĂŶĚŽĚĞĐŽƌƌĞƌĂŵϲƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĨŽŝŝŐƵĂůĂ͗
ሺͳ͵͸ െ ͺሻ ൅ ሾͳ͵͸ െ ሺെ͸Ͷሻሿ ൌ ͳʹͺ ൅ ʹͲͲ ൌ ͵ʹͺŵĞƚƌŽƐ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϭ
ଷହ଴଴ ଷହ଴଴௫ షభ
Ϯϴܲ͘ሾ‫݃ܯܥ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ ൌ ܲ ൌ ͵ͷͲͲܲ‫ି ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ൅ ܿ ൌ െ͵ͷͲͲ‫ି ݔ‬ଵ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ
௫మ ିଵ
ଷହ଴଴
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܥ‬ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂെ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ͘
௫
ଷହ଴଴ ଷହ଴଴ ଷହ଴଴ ଷହ଴଴
ŶƚĆŽ͕‫ܥ‬ሺͳͳͲͲሻ െ ‫ܥ‬ሺͳͲͲͲሻ ൌ െ ଵଵ଴଴ ൅ ܿ െ ቀെ ଵ଴଴଴ ൅ ܿቁ ൌ െ ൅ ൎ Ͳǡ͵ͳͺΦ͘
ଵଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴଴


Ϯϵ͘^ĞũĂܶĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĞĚĄĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂ͕ĞŵԨ͕ĚŽůşƋƵŝĚŽŶŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ‫ݐ;ݐ‬ĞŵŵŝŶƵƚŽƐͿ͘
ଵ଴଴ ଵ଴଴ ି଴ǡଵ଺௧
dĞŵͲƐĞܲሺെ݁ ି଴ǡଵ଺௧ ሻ ൌ ܲሺെͲǡͳ͸݁ ି଴ǡଵ଺௧ ሻ ൌ ݁ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ
ଵ଺ ଵ଺
ଵ଴଴ ି଴ǡଵ଺௧
݁ ൅ ͕ܿܿ ‫ א‬Թ͘
ଵ଺
ଵ଴଴
ŽŵŽܶሺͲሻ ൌ ͻͷ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ ൅ ܿ ൌ ͻͷ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ܿ ൌ ͺͺǡ͹ͷ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ଵ଺
ଵ଴଴ ି଴ǡଵ଺௧ ଵ଴଴ ି଴ǡଷଶ
ܶሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ൅ ͺͺǡ͹ͷĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ܶሺʹሻ ൌ ݁ ൅ ͺͺǡ͹ͷ ൎ ͻ͵Ԩ͘
ଵ଺ ଵ଺

ϯϬ͘ĂͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽĞƐƚĆŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽƐŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐƌĞƐƚƌŝĕƁĞƐĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ݂Ğ݃ĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ
ଵଵగ
ቂͲǡ ଺
ቃ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽ͕ܲĞŵƋƵĞŽƐĚŽŝƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŵ͕ĞĚƵĂƐƌĞŐŝƁĞƐĚŽƉůĂŶŽ͕‫ܣ‬Ğ‫͕ܤ‬ĐƵũĂƐ
ĄƌĞĂƐƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŵŽƐĂĚŝĐŝŽŶĂƌ͘

ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽܲ͗
ͳ ͹ߨ ͳͳߨ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൌ ͳ െ ‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ʹ ͸ ͸
଻గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽܲĠ ͘ ଺
ͻƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ‫͗ܣ‬
ళഏ ళഏ ళഏ ళഏ
‫׬‬଴ల ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬଴ల ሺͳ ൅ ʹ ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬଴ల ͳ݀‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ‫׬‬଴ల ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ
ళഏ ళഏ
଻గ ξଷ ଻గ
ൌ ሾ‫ݔ‬ሿ଴ల ൅ ʹሾെ ‫ݔ‬ሿ଴ల ൌ ൅ ʹ ቀ ଶ ൅ ͳቁ ൌ ൅ ξ͵ ൅ ʹƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
଺ ଺
ͻƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ‫͗ܤ‬
భభഏ భభഏ భభഏ భభഏ
‫׬‬ళഏల ሾ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ళഏల ሾെͳ െ ʹ ‫ݔ‬ሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ళഏల ሺെͳሻ݀‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ‫׬‬ళഏల ‫ ݔ݀ ݔ‬ൌ
ల ల ల ల
భభഏ భభഏ
ଵଵగ ଻గ ξଷ ξଷ ଶగ
ൌ ሾെ‫ݔ‬ሿ ల
ళഏ െ ʹሾെ ‫ݔ‬ሿ ల
ళഏ ൌ ቀെ ൅ ቁ െ ʹ ቀെ െ ቁ ൌെ ൅ ʹξ͵ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
଺ ଺ ଶ ଶ ଷ
ల ల
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚĞůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂƉĞůŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂ͗
଻గ ଶగ గ
ቀ ଺ ൅ ξ͵ ൅ ʹቁ ൅ ቀെ ଷ
൅ ʹξ͵ቁ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ ൅ ͵ξ͵ ൅ ʹƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ


ďͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽĞƐƚĆŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽƐŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐƌĞƐƚƌŝĕƁĞƐĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ݂Ğ݃ĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ
ሾͲǡʹߨሿ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽ͕ܲĞŵƋƵĞŽƐĚŽŝƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŵ͕ĞĚƵĂƐƌĞŐŝƁĞƐĚŽƉůĂŶŽ͕‫ܣ‬Ğ‫͕ܤ‬ĐƵũĂƐĄƌĞĂƐ
ƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŵŽƐĂĚŝĐŝŽŶĂƌ͘

ŽŵĞĐĞŵŽƐƉŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽܲ͗
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฺ
ฺ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሻଶ ൌ ͳ ฻ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ‫ ݔ ݔ‬൅ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ฻ െ ሺʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
௞గ గ ଷగ
฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͖ĚĞƐƚĞƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐ͕ŽƐƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵĂሿͲǡ ʹߨሾƐĆŽ ͕ߨĞ ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
గ గ గ
ͻ ൅ ʹ ൌ ൅ ͳĠƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĨĂůƐĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ŶĆŽĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ͻ ߨ ൅ ʹ ൌ ߨ ൅ ͳĠƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĨĂůƐĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞߨŶĆŽĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͘
ଷగ ଷగ ଷగ
ͻ ൅ ʹ ൌ ൅ ͳĠƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ଷగ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽܲĠ ଶ ͘
యഏ యഏ యഏ
‫׬‬଴మ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬଴మ ሺ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሾെ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݔ‬ሿ଴మ ൌ
ଷగ ଷగ
ൌ ቀͲ ൅ ͳ ൅ ቁെ ሺെͳ െ Ͳ ൅ Ͳሻ ൌ ൅ ʹƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ ଶ
ଶగ ଶగ
‫׬‬యഏ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬యഏ ሺെ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ሾ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݔ‬ሿଶగ
యഏ ൌ
మ మ మ
ଷగ గ
ൌ ሺͳ ൅ Ͳ െ ʹߨሻ െ ቀͲ െ ͳ െ ቁ ൌʹെ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚĞůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂƉĞůŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĠŝŐƵĂůĂ͗
ଷగ గ
ቀ ଶ ൅ ʹቁ ൅ ቀʹ െ ଶ ቁ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ߨ ൅ ͶƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ

ϯϭ͘ĂͿͻŽŵşŶŝŽ
‫ܦ‬௙ ൌ Թ
ͻĞƌŽƐ
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺ ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ Ͷ
ͻƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐ
݂ĠƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂůĚĞŐƌĂƵϯ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵԹ͘

EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĞƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ െλ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ൅λ
௫ืିஶ ௫ืାஶ
ͻDŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ݔ‬ሻᇱ ൌ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺ
଺ିଶξଷ ଺ିଶξଷ
݂ ᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݔש‬ ൌ
ଷ ଷ

ͻŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ ሺ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺሻᇱ ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹ
݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ͕݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൏ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൏ ʹĞ݂ ᇱᇱ ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬൐ ʹ
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂ
ďͿ

ଷ
ଷ ଷ ௫ర ଻௫ య ଼ଵ ଵ଼ଽ ସହ
ĐͿ‫׬‬଴ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬଴ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͹‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ െ ൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ቃ ൌ െ ൅ ͷͶ ൌ
ସ ଷ ଴ ସ ଷ ସ


ĚͿEĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚĞůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂƉĞůŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ݂Ğ͕݃
ĞŶƚƌĞͲĞ͵͕ĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĞŵƚƌġƐƌĞŐŝƁĞƐ͕ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂĚĂƐƉŽƌ‫ܤ͕ܣ‬Ğ‫͘ܥ‬

KƌĂ͕
ଶ
ͻ‫׬‬଴ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ݔ‬ĠŝŐƵĂůăĄƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ‫͘ܣ‬
ଶ ଶ
ͻ‫׬‬଴ ሾെ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ ‫׬‬଴ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ݔ‬ĠŝŐƵĂůăĄƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ‫͘ܤ‬
ଷ
ͻ‫׬‬ଶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ĠŝŐƵĂůăĄƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ‫͘ܥ‬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐŽŵĂĚŽƐƚƌġƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂŝƐĠŝŐƵĂůăĄƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚĞůŝŵŝƚĂĚĂƉĞůŽƐŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐĚĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ݂Ğ͕݃
ĞŶƚƌĞͲĞ͵Ǥ
ĄůĐƵůŽĚĂĄƌĞĂ͗
ଶ
ଶ ଶ ௫ర
‫׬‬଴ ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬଴ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͺ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ ସ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ቃ ൌ Ͷ െ ͳ͸ ൅ ͳ͸ ൌ ͶƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
଴
ଶ
ଶ ଶ ௫య ଼ ଵ଺
‫׬‬଴ ሾെ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬଴ ሺെ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂെ ଷ
൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ቃ ൌ െ ൅ ͺ ൌ
ଷ ଷ
଴
ͻƌĞĂĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ‫͗ܥ‬
ଷ
ଷ ଷ ௫ర ଻௫ య
‫׬‬ଶ ሾ݂ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻ െ ݃ሺ‫ݔ‬ሻሿ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫׬‬ଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͹‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ݀‫ ݔ‬ൌ ቂ ସ െ ଷ
൅ ͸‫ ݔ‬ଶ ቃ ൌ
ଶ
଼ଵ ହ଺ ଶଷ
ൌ ቀ െ ͸͵ ൅ ͷͶቁ െ ቀͶ െ ൅ ʹͶቁ ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ସ ଷ ଵଶ
ଵ଺ ଶଷ ସହ
ƌĞĂƚŽƚĂů͗Ͷ ൅ ൅ ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଷ ଵଶ ସ
ĞͿKƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐƐĆŽŝŐƵĂŝƐ͘

dĞŵĂϳͮŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ

ϭ͘/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĕĆŽĂŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϰ
ϭ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݌‬ൌ ͸Ğ‫ ݍ‬ൌ െʹ͘

௤ ௣ ଶ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ටቀ ቁ ൅ ቀ ቁ ൌ ඥሺെͳሻଶ ൅ ʹଷ ൌ ξͻ ൌ ͵Ğ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕
ଶ ଷ
య య య య య య
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ξͳ ൅ ͵ ൅ ξͳ െ ͵ ൌ ξͶ ൅ ξെʹ ൌ ξͶ െ ξʹ
sĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĕĆŽ͗
య య ଷ య య
൫ξͶ െ ξʹ൯ ൅ ͸൫ξͶ െ ξʹ൯ െ ʹ ൌ
య ଷ య ଶ య య య ଶ య ଷ య య
ൌ ൫ξͶ൯ ൅ ͵൫ξͶ൯ ൫െ ξʹ൯ ൅ ͵ξͶ൫െ ξʹ൯ ൅ ൫െ ξʹ൯ ൅ ͸ξͶ െ ͸ξʹ െ ʹ ൌ
య య య య
ൌ Ͷ െ ͵ξʹହ ൅ ͵ξʹସ െ ʹ ൅ ͸ξʹଶ െ ͸ξʹ െ ʹ ൌ
య య య య
ൌ െ͵ ൈ ʹξʹଶ ൅ ͵ ൈ ʹξʹ ൅ ͸ξʹଶ െ ͸ξʹ ൌ Ͳ

WĄŐ͘ϭϬϳ
Ϯ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϬϴ
ϯ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϬ
ϰ͘ĂͿെʹ ďͿ͹ ĐͿ͵ ĚͿͳ ĞͿെ͸
ĨͿͲ ŐͿͲ ŚͿͷ

ϱ͘‫ ݖ‬ൌ െ͹ ൅ ͺ݅

ϲ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϭ
ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݕ‬ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݕ‬ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݕ‬ൌʹ

ϳ͘‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݓ‬฻ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ሺ͵‫ ݕ‬െ ͷሻ݅ ൌ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ‫ ݅ݔ‬฻ ൜ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ ฻ቄ
͵‫ ݕ‬െ ͷ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ ͸‫ ݔ‬െ ͷ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ݔ‬ൌͳ

ϴ͘ʹ݅ ଻଺ ൅ ͵݅ ଵ଴ଷ െ ݅ ଶ଺ହ ൌ ͮ͹͸ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ͳͻ ൅ Ͳ͖ͳͲ͵ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ʹͷ ൅ ͵͖ʹ͸ͷ ൌ Ͷ ൈ ͸͸ ൅ ͳ
଴ ଷ ଵ
ൌ ʹ݅ ൅ ͵݅ െ ݅ ൌ ʹ െ ͵݅ െ ݅ ൌ ʹ െ Ͷ݅

ϵ͘ሺെͳ ൅ Ͷ݅ሻሺͷ െ ʹ݅ሻ െ ሺʹ െ ͵݅ሻଶ ൌ െͷ ൅ ʹ݅ ൅ ʹͲ݅ െ ͺ݅ ଶ െ ሺͶ െ ͳʹ݅ ൅ ͻ݅ ଶ ሻ ൌ
ൌ െͷ ൅ ʹʹ݅ ൅ ͺ െ Ͷ ൅ ͳʹ݅ ൅ ͻ ൌ ͺ ൅ ͵Ͷ݅

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϮ
ϭϬ͘


ϭϭ͘‫ݖ‬ଶ ͘
ĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ଵ ŶĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůăƐŽŵĂĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĚŽƐĂĨŝǆŽƐĚĞ‫ݑ‬ĞĚĞ‫͖ݓ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݖ‬ଵ ŶĆŽ
ƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŝŐƵĂůĂ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫͘ݓ‬
ŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ଷ ŶĆŽĠŝŐƵĂůăƐŽŵĂĚĂƐŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƐĂĨŝǆŽƐĚĞ‫ݑ‬ĞĚĞ‫͖ݓ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݖ‬ଷ
ŶĆŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŝŐƵĂůĂ‫ ݑ‬൅ ‫͘ݓ‬

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϯ
ϭϮ͘ĂͿKĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐƋƵĞǀĞƌŝĨŝĐĂŵĞƐƚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĠŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐ
ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐĚĂĨŽƌŵĂሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ʹሻ͕ĐŽŵ‫ א ݔ‬Թ͘
ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĚĞƐƚĞĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĠ͗
ďͿKĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐƋƵĞǀĞƌŝĨŝĐĂŵĞƐƚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĠŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐ
ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ͕ĞŵƋƵĞ‫ݔ‬Ğ‫ݕ‬ƐĆŽŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƌĞĂŝƐƚĂŝƐƋƵĞെʹ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͶĞͳ ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ ͵͘
ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĚĞƐƚĞĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĠ͗

ϭϯ͘EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĞƐƚĄƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐሺ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ݕ‬ሻ͕ĞŵƋƵĞ‫ݔ‬Ğ‫ݕ‬ƐĆŽ
ŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƌĞĂŝƐƚĂŝƐƋƵĞʹ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͶĞെ͵ ൑ ‫ ݕ‬൑ െͳ͘
hŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĞŵԧƋƵĞĚĞĨŝŶĞĞƐƚĞĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĠʹ ൑ ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ Ͷ ‫ ר‬െ͵ ൑ ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ െͳ͘


Ϯ͘KƉĞƌĂƌĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϰ
തതതതതതതത
ϭϰ͘ĂͿͳ ൅ ͷଓ ൌ ͳ െ ͷ݅ തതതതതതതത
ďͿʹ െ ͵ଓ ൌ ʹ ൅ ͵݅
തതതതതതതതത
ĐͿെͳ ൅ ଓ ൌ െͳ െ ݅ തതതതതതതതതത
ĚͿെͶ െ ͵ଓ ൌ െͶ ൅ ͵݅
ĞͿ͸ത ൌ ͸
൅ Ͳଓ ൌ ͸ െ Ͳ݅ ൌ ͸ തതതതത ൌ Ͳ
ĨͿെͷଓ തതതതതതതത
െ ͷଓ ൌ Ͳ ൅ ͷ݅ ൌ ͷ݅

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϱ
തതതതതതതതത
ϭϱ͘ሺʹ ഥ െ ʹ݅ሺͷ ൅ ݅ሻ ൌ ሺʹ െ ݅ሻሺͻ െ ͸݅ ൅ ݅ ଶ ሻ െ ͵݅ െ ͳͲ݅ െ ʹ݅ ଶ ൌ
൅ ଓሻሺ͵ െ ݅ሻଶ ൅ ͵ଓ
ൌ ሺʹ െ ݅ሻሺͺ െ ͸݅ሻ െ ͳ͵݅ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͳ͸ െ ͳʹ݅ െ ͺ݅ െ ͸ െ ͳ͵݅ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͳʹ െ ͵͵݅

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϲ
ϭϲ͘EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽ͕ĞƐƚĄŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚĂĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ܿ ൅ ͕݀݅ĐŽŵܿ ൏ ͲĞ݀ ൏ Ͳ͘
ିଶௗൈሺି௖ሻ గ ିௗ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ Ͷξ͵Ğ ൌ
ଶ ଺ ି௖
݀ܿ ൌ Ͷξ͵ ݀ܿ ൌ Ͷξ͵
KƌĂ͕൝ ௗ ξଷ ฻ ൝ ξଷ ฻
ൌ ଷ ݀ ൌ ଷ ܿ
௖
ξଷ ଶ
ܿ ൌ Ͷξ͵ ܿ ଶ ൌ ͳʹ ሺ௖ழ଴ሻ
฻ ቐଷ ฻ቊ ξଷ ฏ ൜ܿ ൌ െʹξ͵
฻
ξଷ
݀ ൌ ଷ ܿ ݀ൌ ܿ ݀ ൌ െʹ
ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݖ‬ൌ െʹξ͵ െ ʹ݅͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϭϳ
ϭϳ͘ĂͿȁെ͹ȁ ൌ ͹
ďͿȁ݅ȁ ൌ ͳ
ĐͿȁെʹ݅ȁ ൌ ʹ

ϭϴ͘ĂͿȁെͷ െ ͳʹ݅ȁ ൌ ඥሺെͷሻଶ ൅ ሺെͳʹሻଶ ൌ ξʹͷ ൅ ͳͶͶ ൌ ͳ͵
ଶ
ďͿหͳ ൅ ξ͵݅ห ൌ ටͳଶ ൅ ξ͵ ൌ ξͳ ൅ ͵ ൌ ʹ
ĐͿȁʹ െ ͷ݅ȁ ൌ ඥʹଶ ൅ ሺെͷሻଶ ൌ ξͶ ൅ ʹͷ ൌ ξʹͻ


WĄŐ͘ϭϭϵ
ϭϵ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ܽ ൅ ܾ͕݅ĐŽŵܽ ൐ ͲĞܾ ൏ Ͳ͘

dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භ‫ ݖ‬൅ ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ ͺ ฻ ሺܽ ൅ ܾ݅ሻ ൅ ሺܽ െ ܾ݅ሻ ൌ ͺ ฻ ʹܽ ൌ ͺ ฺ ܽ ൌ Ͷ
ሺ௕ழ଴ሻ
භȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൌ ͷ ฻ ȁͶ ൅ ܾ݅ȁ ൌ ͷ ฻ ξͶଶ ൅ ܾ ଶ ൌ ͷ ฻ ܾ ଶ ൌ ͻ ฻
ฏ ܾ ൌ െ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͷ െ ͵݅͘

ϮϬ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϬ
Ϯϭ͘EĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽ͕ĞƐƚĄŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚĂĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ܿ ൅ ͕݀݅ĐŽŵܿ ൐ ͲĞ݀ ൐ Ͳ͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĠĞƋƵŝůĄƚĞƌŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ
തതതത
‫ ܤܣ‬ൌ ܱ‫ܣ‬തതതത ൌ ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ݀ ൌ ͵͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞܿ ଶ ൅ ͵ଶ ൌ ͸ଶ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
ܿ ൌ ξʹ͹ ൌ ͵ξ͵͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݖ‬ൌ െʹξ͵ െ ʹ݅͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϭ
ϮϮ͘ĂͿȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳȁ ൌ ͶƐĞĞƐſƐĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ

ሺെͳǡ ͲሻĞƌĂŝŽͶ͘
ZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽŶŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͗


ďͿͳ ൑ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൑ ͵ƐĞĞƐſƐĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăĐŽƌŽĂĐŝƌĐƵůĂƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂƐĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂƐĚĞ
ĐĞŶƚƌŽƐŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞƌĂŝŽƐͳĞ͵͘
ĐͿභdĞŵͲƐĞȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ݅ȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳȁ ฻ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺെ݅ሻȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳȁ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ݅ȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳȁƐĞĞƐſƐĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƐĞŵŝƉůĂŶŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽƉĞůĂŵĞĚŝĂƚƌŝǌĚŽ
ƐĞŐŵĞŶƚŽĐƵũŽƐĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƐĆŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ െͳሻĞሺͳǡ ͲሻĞƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĞƐƚĞƷůƚŝŵŽ͘
භሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ ͵ƐĞĞƐſƐĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƐĞŵŝƉůĂŶŽĞƐƋƵĞƌĚŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽƉĞůĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƌĂůĞůĂĂŽĞŝǆŽ
ŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽƋƵĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽƌĞĂůŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂ͵͘
භሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ ʹƐĞĞƐſƐĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƐĞŵŝƉůĂŶŽŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽƉĞůĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƌĂůĞůĂĂŽĞŝǆŽ
ƌĞĂůƋƵĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽĞŝǆŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽŶŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂʹ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĐŽŶũƵŶĕĆŽĚĂƋƵĞůĂƐƚƌġƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚĞĨŝŶĞŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĐŽŵƵŶƐĂŽƐƚƌġƐĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝƚŽƐ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϮ
ଵ ଵ
Ϯϯ͘ĂͿ ൌ ȁ௜ȁమ ሺଓҧሻ ൌ ଓҧ ൌ െ݅
௜
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
ഥ ሻ ൌ ሺെ͵݅ሻ ൌ െ ݅
ďͿ ൌ ȁଷ௜ȁమ ሺ͵ଓ
ଷ௜ ଽ ଷ
ଵ ଵ
ĐͿ തതതതതሻ ൌ ଵ ሺʹ݅ሻ ൌ ଵ ݅
ൌ ȁିଶ௜ȁమ ൈ ሺെʹଓ
ିଶ௜ ସ ଶ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶ ଷ
ĚͿ തതതതതതതത
ൌ ȁଶାଷ௜ȁమ ሺʹ ൅ ͵ଓሻ ൌ మ ሺʹ െ ͵݅ሻ ൌ െ ݅
ଶାଷ௜ ξଵଷ ଵଷ ଵଷ
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
തതതതതത
ĞͿଵି௜ ൌ ȁଵି௜ȁమ ሺͳ െ ଓሻ ൌ మ ሺͳ ൅ ݅ሻ ൌ ൅ ݅
ξଶ ଶ ଶ


WĄŐ͘ϭϮϯ
Ϯϰ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ܽ ൅ ͕ܽ݅ĐŽŵܽ ൐ Ͳ͘

ଵ ଵ ଵ ௔ ௔ ଵ ଵ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ ȁ௭ȁమ ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ ሺܽ െ ܽ݅ሻ ൌ െ ݅ ൌ െ ݅͘
௭ ௔ మ ା௔ మ ଶ௔ మ ଶ௔ మ ଶ௔ ଶ௔
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽ‫ܤ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĚŽƋƵĂƌƚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞĞ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽሾ‫ܤܱܣ‬ሿĠƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽ͕
గ
ƚĞŶĚŽͲƐĞ‫ܱܣ‬෠‫ ܤ‬ൌ ͘
ଶ
భ
തതതത
ை஺ൈை஻ തതതത ȁ௭ȁൈቚ ቚ ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĠĚĂĚĂƉŽƌ ൌ ೥
ൌ ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϰ
ଷାଶ௜ ሺଷାଶ௜ሻሺଶିହ௜ሻ ଺ିଵହ௜ାସ௜ାଵ଴ ଵ଺ ଵଵ

Ϯϱ͘ĂͿ ൌ ሺଶାହ௜ሻሺଶିହ௜ሻ ൌ ൌ െ ݅
ଶାହ௜ ସାଶହ ଶଽ ଶଽ
ଵଷ ଵଷሺହାଵଶ௜ሻ ଺ହାଵହ଺௜ ଺ହ ଵହ଺ ହ ଵଶ

ďͿ ൌ ሺହିଵଶ௜ሻሺହାଵଶ௜ሻ ൌ ൌ ൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ݅
ହିଵଶ௜ ଶହାଵସସ ଵ଺ଽ ଵ଺ଽ ଵଷ ଵଷ
ଵଶ௜ ଵଶ௜ሺଷିସ௜ሻ ସ଼ାଷ଺௜ ସ଼ ଷ଺

ĐͿ ൌ ሺଷାସ௜ሻሺଷିସ௜ሻ ൌ ൌ ൅ ݅
ଷାସ௜ ଽାଵ଺ ଶହ ଶହ
ሺ଻ା଼௜ሻሺଶିହ௜ሻ ଵସିଷହ௜ାଵ଺௜ାସ଴ ହସିଵଽ௜ ሺହସିଵଽ௜ሻሺହାଵଶ௜ሻ ଶ଻଴ା଺ସ଼௜ିଽହ௜ାଶଶ଼ ସଽ଼ ହହଷ

ĚͿ ହିଵଶ௜
ൌ ൌ ൌ ሺହିଵଶ௜ሻሺହାଵଶ௜ሻ
ൌ ൌ ൅ ݅
ହିଵଶ௜ ହିଵଶ௜ ଶହାଵସସ ଵ଺ଽ ଵ଺ଽ
ଷ ଵ ଷሺଷାସ௜ሻ ଷିସ௜ ଽାଵଶ௜ ଷିସ௜ ଵଶା଼௜ ଵଶ ଼

ĞͿ ൅ ൌ ሺଷିସ௜ሻሺଷାସ௜ሻ ൅ ሺଷାସ௜ሻሺଷିସ௜ሻ ൌ ൅ ൌ ൌ ൅ ݅
ଷିସ௜ ଷାସ௜ ଽାଵ଺ ଽାଵ଺ ଶହ ଶହ ଶହ

Ϯϲ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅͘ݕ‬
‫ ݖ‬െ ͳ െ ݅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݅ݕ‬െ ͳ െ ݅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳሻ݅ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳሻ݅ሿሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻ݅ሿ
ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ ൅ ݅ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݅ݕ‬൅ ͳ ൅ ݅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻ݅ ሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻ݅ሿሾሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻ݅ሿ

ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳሻሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻ ሺ‫ ݕ‬െ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ െ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ
ൌ ൅ ݅ ൌ
ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻଶ
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݕ‬ଶ െ ʹ ʹ‫ ݕ‬െ ʹ‫ݔ‬
ൌ ൅ ݅
ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൅ ሺ‫ ݕ‬൅ ͳሻଶ
௭ିଵି௜
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ĠŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽƉƵƌŽƐĞĞƐſƐĞ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݕʹ ר‬െ ʹ‫͕Ͳ ് ݔ‬ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſƐĞ
௭ାଵା௜
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ʹ ‫͘ݔ ് ݕ ר‬
ĞƐƚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĂĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞƌĂŝŽξʹ͕ĞǆĐůƵŝŶĚŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞƐƐĂ
ĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵăƌĞƚĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂƐďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĞƐĚŽƐƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞƐşŵƉĂƌĞƐ͘


ϯ͘&ŽƌŵĂƚƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĚĞƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϳ
గ గ గ
Ϯϳ͘ĂͿ݅ ൌ Ͳ ൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ݅ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽĚĞ݅͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ
గ ହగ
൅ ʹߨ ൌ ĠŽƵƚƌŽĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽĚĞ݅͘
ଶ ଶ
గ ଷగ
െ ʹߨ ൌ െ ĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽĚĞ݅͘
ଶ ଶ
ďͿെͳ ൌ െͳ ൅ Ͳ݅ ൌ ߨ ൅ ݅ ߨ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ߨĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽĚĞെͳ͘

ߨ െ ʹߨ ൌ െߨĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽĚĞെͳ͘
ߨ െ Ͷߨ ൌ െ͵ߨĠŽƵƚƌŽĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽĚĞെͳ͘
ξଶ ξଶ గ గ గ
ĐͿ ൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ݅ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽĚĞ͕݅ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƵŵĂĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĆŽ
ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ସ
ξଶ ξଶ గ
ŐĞƌĂůĚŽƐĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽƐĚĞ ൅ ݅Ġ ൅ ʹ݇ߨ͕݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
ଶ ଶ ସ

WĄŐ͘ϭϮϴ
Ϯϴ͘ĂͿ݁ ଶగ௜ ൌ ሺʹߨሻ ൅ ݅ ሺʹߨሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ݅ ൈ Ͳ ൌ ͳ
యഏ
ଷగ ଷగ
ďͿ݁ ௜ మ ൌ ቀ ቁ ൅ ݅ ቀ ቁ ൌ Ͳ ൅ ݅ ൈ ሺെͳሻ ൌ െ݅
ଶ ଶ
మഏ
ଶగ ଶగ ଵ ξଷ
ĐͿ݁ ௜ య ൌ ቀ ቁ ൅ ݅ ቀ ቁ ൌ െ ൅ ݅
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଶ

Ϯϵ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϬ
యഏ
ϯϬ͘ĂͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെ͸݅ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ െ͸ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞെ͸݅ ൌ ͸݁ ௜ మ ͘
ďͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ͹ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺ͹ǡ Ͳሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ͹ ൌ ͹݁ ଴௜ ͘

ഏ
ĐͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞͻ݅ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ ͻሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞͻ݅ ൌ ͻ݁ ௜ మ ͘
ĚͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെͳʹĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെͳʹǡ Ͳሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
െͳʹ ൌ ͳʹ݁ ௜గ ͘


ĞͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെξʹ െ ξʹ݅ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ൫െξʹǡ െξʹ൯͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞƵŵ
ହగ
ĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞെξʹ െ ξʹ݅Ġ ͘
ସ
ఱഏ
ŽŵŽหെξʹ െ ξʹ݅ห ൌ ξʹ ൅ ʹ ൌ ʹ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞെξʹ െ ξʹ݅ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ ర ͘
ĨͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞͷ െ ͷ݅ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͷǡ െͷሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽ

଻గ
ĚĞͷ െ ͷ݅Ġ ͘
ସ
ళഏ
ŽŵŽȁͷ െ ͷ݅ȁ ൌ ξʹͷ ൅ ʹͷ ൌ ξͷͲ͕ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞͷ െ ͷ݅ ൌ ξͷͲ݁ ௜ ర ͘

ϯϭ͘ĂͿͳͲ݁ ଶగ௜ ൌ ͳͲሾሺʹߨሻ ൅ ݅ ሺʹߨሻሿ ൌ ͳͲሺͳ ൅ ݅ ൈ Ͳሻ ൌ ͳͲ
ഏ
గ గ
ďͿͷ݁ ௜ మ ൌ ͷ ቀ ൅ ݅ ቁ ൌ ͷሺͲ ൅ ݅ ൈ ͳሻ ൌ ͷ݅
ଶ ଶ
ళഏ
଻గ ଻గ ξଷ ଵ
ĐͿξͳʹ݁ ௜ ల ൌ ξͳʹ ቀ ଺
൅ ݅
଺
ቁ ൌ ξͳʹ ቂെ
ଶ
൅ ݅ ൈ ቀെ ቁቃ ൌ െ͵ െ ξ͵݅
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϭ
ϯϮ͘ŵĐĂĚĂƵŵĂĚĂƐĂůşŶĞĂƐƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƐ͕ƐĞũĂߙƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚŽƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ͘
ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භหͳ ൅ ξ͵݅ห ൌ ξͳ ൅ ͵ ൌ ʹ
గ
භ ߙ ൌ ξ͵͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞͳ ൅ ξ͵݅ĞƐƚĄŶŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌƉĂƌĂߙĠ ͘
ଷ
ഏ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ͳ ൅ ξ͵݅ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ య ͘
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භหെξͳʹ െ ʹ݅ห ൌ ξͳʹ ൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͷ
ିଶ ξଷ
භ ߙ ൌ ൌ ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെξͳʹ െ ʹ݅ĞƐƚĄŶŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌƉĂƌĂߙ
ିξଵଶ ଷ
଻గ
Ġ ͘
଺
ళഏ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕െξͳʹ െ ʹ݅ ൌ Ͷ݁ ௜ ల ͘
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භหെξͳͺ ൅ ξ͸݅ห ൌ ξͳͺ ൅ ͸ ൌ ξʹͶ
ξ଺ ଵ ξଷ
භ ߙ ൌ ൌ െට ൌ െ ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെξͳͺ ൅ ξ͸݅ĞƐƚĄŶŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕Ƶŵ
ିξଵ଼ ଷ ଷ
ହగ
ǀĂůŽƌƉĂƌĂߙĠ ͘
଺
ఱഏ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕െξͳͺ ൅ ξ͸݅ ൌ ξʹͶ݁ ௜ ల ͘


ĚͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භȁെʹ ൅ ͷ݅ȁ ൌ ξͶ ൅ ʹͷ ൌ ξʹͻ
ହ
භ ߙ ൌ െ ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെʹ ൅ ͷ݅ĞƐƚĄŶŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌƉĂƌĂߙĠ
ଶ
ହ
ቀെ ଶቁ ൅ ߨ͘
ఱ
௜ቂୟ୰ୡ୲୥ቀି ቁାగቃ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕െʹ ൅ ͷ݅ ൌ ξʹͻ݁ మ ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϮ
ϯϯ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භหͳ െ ξ͵݅ห ൌ ξͳ ൅ ͵ ൌ ʹ
ହగ
භ ߙ ൌ െξ͵͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞͳ െ ξ͵݅ĞƐƚĄŶŽƋƵĂƌƚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕ƵŵǀĂůŽƌƉĂƌĂߙĠ ͘
ଷ
ఱഏ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ͳ െ ξ͵݅ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ య ͘
KƌĂ͕
ହగ
ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ൌ ͳ െ ξ͵݅ ฻ ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ ଷ ฻
ହగ
฻ߩ ൌʹ‫ ߙר‬ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ
ହగ ଶଷగ
KǀĂůŽƌĚĞߙƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂሾ͸ߨǡ ͺߨሿŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞƉĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵͖ĞƐƐĞǀĂůŽƌĠ ൅ ͸ߨ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ ͘
ଷ ଷ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϯ
ϯϰ͘ĂͿ^ĞũĂߙƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ͵ ൅ ξ͵݅͘
ξଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ߙ ൌ ଷ
͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ͵ ൅ ξ͵݅ĞƐƚĄŶŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕
గ
൫͵ ൅ ξ͵݅൯ ൌ ͘
଺
గ
ďͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെ݅ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͲǡ െͳሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞሺെ݅ሻ ൌ െ ͘
ଶ
ĐͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെͳĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെͳǡ Ͳሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞሺെͳሻ ൌ ߨ͘
ĚͿ^ĞũĂߙƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽെʹ െ ξͳʹ݅͘
ିξଵଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ߙ ൌ ିଶ
ൌ ξ͵͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെʹ െ ξͳʹ݅ĞƐƚĄŶŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕
ଶగ
൫െʹ െ ξͳʹ݅൯ ൌ െ ͘
ଷ

ϯϱ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅͘ݕ‬
dĞŵͲƐĞʹ ൑ ‫ ݖ‬൅ ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൑ ͸ ฻ ʹ ൑ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻ ൑ ͸ ฻ ʹ ൑ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͸ ฻ ͳ ൑ ‫ ݔ‬൑ ͵͘
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ăĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽʹ ൑ ‫ ݖ‬൅ ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൑ ͸ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൑ ‫݃ݎܣ‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŽƚƌĂƉĠǌŝŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽ͕ŶŽƉůĂŶŽ
ସ
ĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͕ŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞĚĂƉĄŐŝŶĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞ͘

ଷାଵ
ĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƚĞƚƌĂƉĠǌŝŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ଶ ൈ ʹ ൌ ͶƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϰ
గ గ
ϯϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞͲ ൑ ‫݃ݎܣ‬ሺ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳ െ ݅ሻ ൑ ฻ Ͳ ൑ ‫݃ݎܣ‬ሾ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺͳ ൅ ݅ሻሿ ൑ ͘
ଷ ଷ
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ăĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽͲ ൑ ‫݃ݎܣ‬ሾ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳ െ ݅ሿ ൑ ‫ܴ݁ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ ͵ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽሾ‫ܥܤܣ‬ሿ
ଷ
ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚŽ͕ŶŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͕ŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞ͘

തതതത
஻஼ గ
dĞŵͲƐĞതതതത ൌ തതതത ൌ ʹξ͵͘
฻ ‫ܥܤ‬
஺஻ ଷ
ଶൈଶξଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ൌ ʹξ͵ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ͘
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϱ
ഏ ഏ లഏ లഏ రഏ
௜ቀ ାగቁ ௜ቀ ିଶగቁ ௜ቀି ቁ
ϯϳ͘ĂͿെʹ݁ ௜ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ఱ
భబഏ భబഏ భళഏ భళഏ యഏ

௜ቀ ାగቁ ௜ቀ ିଶగቁ
ďͿെ݁ ௜ ళ ൌ݁ ళ ൌ ݁௜ ళ ൌ݁ ళ ൌ ݁௜ ళ
തതതതതതഏ ഏ
௜ቀି ቁ
ĐͿʹ݁ పఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ఱ
തതതതതത
భబഏ
௜ቀି
భబഏ
ቁ ௜ቀି
భబഏ
ାଶగቁ
రഏ
ĚͿ݁ ప ళ ൌ ݁ ళ ൌ݁ ళ ൌ ݁௜ ళ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϲ
ഏ రഏ
ϯϴ͘ĂͿͶ݁ ௜ ఱ ൈ ͸݁ ௜ ఱ ൌ ʹͶ݁ ௜గ ൌ െʹͶ ൌ െʹͶ ൅ Ͳ݅
ഏ തതതതതതതതത
యഏ ഏ
௜ቀ ାగቁ
యഏ
௜ቀି ቁ
లഏ యഏ
ξଶ ξଶ
ďͿെ͵݁ ௜ ఴ ൈ ξʹ݁ ప ఴ ൌ ͵݁ ఴ ൈ ξʹ݁ ௜ ௜
ఴ ൌ ͵ξʹ݁ ఴ ൌ ͵ξʹ݁ ర ൌ ͵ξʹ ቀെ
ଶ
൅ ଶ ݅ቁ ൌ
ൌ െ͵ ൅ ͵݅


WĄŐ͘ϭϯϴ
ϯϵ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ െ ͷ݅͘

WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƌ͕ŐĞŽŵĞƚƌŝĐĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕
ŽĂĨŝǆŽ͕ܹ͕ĚĞሺͶ ൅ ͵݅ሻ‫͘ݖ‬
ĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌĂƌĞƐŽůƵĕĆŽ
ƉĞĚŝĚĂ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞሺͶ ൅ ͵݅ሻ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͷ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͵݅‫͘ݖ‬
^ĞũĂܼŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫͕ݖ‬ƐĞũĂܼ ᇱ ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞͶ‫ݖ‬Ğ
ƐĞũĂܼ ᇱᇱ ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ͵݅‫͘ݖ‬
ܼԢĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚĞܼƉĞůĂŚŽŵŽƚĞƚŝĂĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽ
ŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞƌĂǌĆŽͶ͘
ܼ ᇱᇱ ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚĞܼƉĞůĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂ
గ
ŽƌŝŐĞŵĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞଶ ͕ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĐŽŵĂ
ŚŽŵŽƚĞƚŝĂĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂ

ŽƌŝŐĞŵĞƌĂǌĆŽ͵͘
ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬԦᇱ ͘
ܹĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚĞܼ ᇱᇱ ƉĞůĂƚƌĂŶƐůĂĕĆŽĂƐƐŽĐŝĂĚĂĂŽǀĞƚŽƌܱܼ
ĂĨŝŐƵƌĂ͕ƉĂƌĞĐĞƉŽĚĞƌĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞܹĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺʹ͵ǡ െͳͶሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ
ƐĞŶĚŽ͕ƐĞĚĞǀĞƌĄƚĞƌ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ͵ െ ͳͶ݅͘
ĞĨĂĐƚŽ͕ሺͶ ൅ ͵݅ሻሺʹ െ ͷ݅ሻ ൌ ͺ െ ʹͲ݅ ൅ ͸݅ ൅ ͳͷ ൌ ʹ͵ െ ͳͶ݅͘

ళഏ యഏ రഏ ഏ
ϰϬ͘ĂͿͶ݁ ௜ ఴ ǣ ݁ ௜ ఴ ൌ Ͷ݁ ௜ ఴ ൌ Ͷ݁ ௜ మ ൌ Ͷ݅ ൌ Ͳ ൅ Ͷ݅
ళഏ
೔
଼௘ భమ గ
ďͿ ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞหξʹ ൅ ξʹ݅ห ൌ ʹĞ൫ξʹ ൅ ξʹ݅൯ ൌ
ξଶାξଶ௜ ସ
ళഏ
೔ ళഏ ഏ ഏ
଼௘ భమ ௜ቀ ି ቁ గ గ ଵ ξଷ
ൌ ഏ ൌ Ͷ݁ భమ ర ൌ Ͷ݁ ௜ య ൌ Ͷ ቂ ൅ ݅ ቃ ൌ Ͷ ቀ ൅ ݅ ቁ ൌ ʹ ൅ ʹξ͵݅
೔
ଶ௘ ర ଷ ଷ ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϯϵ
ϰϭ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂߩ ൐ Ͳߠ ‫ א‬ሿെߨǡ ߨሿ͗

ഏ
೔ ഏ
ଵା௜ ଵା௜ ξଶ௘ ర ξଶ ௜ቀି ቁ ξଶ గ
ൌ ʹ݅ ฻ ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఏ ฻ ഏ ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఏ ฻ ݁ ర ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఏ ฻ ߩ ൌ ‫ ߠ ר‬ൌ െ
ఘ௘ ೔ഇ ଶ௜ ೔
ଶ௘ మ ଶ ଶ ସ

గ
ϰϮ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂߩ ൐ Ͳߠ ‫ א‬ቂͲǡ ଶ ቃ͗
൫ߩ݁ ௜ఏ ൯൫െξ͵ ൅ ݅൯ ൌ െʹ ฻ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞหെξ͵ ൅ ݅ห ൌ ʹĞ൫െξ͵ ൅ ݅൯ ൌ
ହగ
଺

ఱഏ ఱഏ
௜ ௜ቀఏା ቁ గ గ
฻ ൫ߩ݁ ௜ఏ ൯ ቀʹ݁ ల ቁ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜గ ฻ ʹߩ݁ ల ൌ ʹ݁ ௜గ ฻ ʹߩ ൌ ʹ ‫ ߠ ר‬ൌ ฻ ߩ ൌ ͳ ‫ ߠ ר‬ൌ
଺ ଺


WĄŐ͘ϭϰϬ
ഏ ఱ
೔ ഏ ఱഏ భభഏ
଼ξଶ௜൬௘ భమ ൰ ೔ ೔
଼ξଶ௘ మ ௘ భమ
೔
଼ξଶ௘ భమ భభഏ యഏ ഏ
గ గ
௜ቀ ି ቁ
ϰϯ͘ ሺଵା௜ሻయ
ൌ ഏ య
ൌ యഏ ൌ Ͷ݁ భమ ర ൌ Ͷ݁ ௜ ల ൌ Ͷ ቂ ൅ ݅ ቃ ൌ
೔ ೔ ଺ ଺
൬ξଶ௘ ర ൰ ଶξଶ௘ ర
ξଷ ଵ
ൌ Ͷቀ ൅ ݅ቁ ൌ ʹξ͵ ൅ ʹ݅
ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϭ
ଶ
ϰϰ͘൫ߩ݁ ௜ఏ ൯ ൫ͳ ൅ ξ͵݅൯ ൌ െͶξʹ െ Ͷξʹ݅ ฻ గ
ͮdĞŵͲƐĞหͳ ൅ ξ͵݅ห ൌ ʹĞ‫݃ݎܣ‬൫ͳ ൅ ξ͵݅൯ ൌ ĞƚĞŵͲƐĞ
ଷ
ଷగ
หെͶξʹ െ Ͷξʹ݅ห ൌ ͺĞ‫݃ݎܣ‬൫െͶξʹ െ Ͷξʹ݅൯ ൌ െ
ସ
ഏ యഏ ഏ యഏ
௜ ௜ቀି ቁ ௜ቀଶఏା ቁ ௜ቀି ቁ
฻ ߩଶ ݁ ௜ሺଶఏሻ ൈ ʹ݁ య ൌ ͺ݁ ర ฻ ʹߩଶ ݁ య ൌ ͺ݁ ర ฻
ఘவ଴
గ ଷగ ଵଷగ
฻ ʹߩଶ ൌ ͺ ‫ ߠʹ ר‬൅ ൌ െ ฏ ߩ ൌʹ‫ ߠר‬ൌെ
൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ସ ଶସ
గ ଵଵగ
KǀĂůŽƌĚĞߠƚĂůƋƵĞߠ ‫ א‬ቂͲǡ ቃŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞƉĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳĞĠŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଶ ଶସ

ϰϱ͘


ϰ͘ZĂşǌĞƐĚĞƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϱ
ഏ
ϰϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͵ʹ݅ ൌ ͵ʹ݁ ௜ మ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐĐŝŶĐŽƌĂşǌĞƐĚĞşŶĚŝĐĞͷĚĞ͵ʹ݅ƐĆŽĚĂĚĂƐƉŽƌ͗
గ
ାଶ௞గ
ఱ ௜ଶ
ξ͵ʹ݁ ହ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷሽ
ഏ
శమೖഏ ഏ మೖഏ
ఱ ௜మ ௜ቀ ା ቁ
KƌĂ͕ξ͵ʹ݁ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ͘
ഏ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื ʹ݁ ௜భబ
ഏ మഏ ഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ మ
ഏ రഏ వഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భబ
ഏ లഏ భయഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ ௜
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵ ื ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ భబ
ഏ ఴഏ భళഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ ௜
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͷ ื ʹ݁ ൌ ʹ݁
భబ ఱ భబ
ZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽ͕ŶŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͕ĚŽƉŽůşŐŽŶŽĐƵũŽƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐƐĆŽŽƐĂĨŝǆŽƐĚĞƐƚĞƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐ͗

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϲ
ഏ
ϰϳ͘ĂͿKŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽĐƵũŽĂĨŝǆŽĠŽǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽĞŝǆŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽĠξʹ݁ ௜ మ ͘
ഏ మഏ మవഏ
௜ቀ ାହൈ ቁ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƉĞĚŝĚŽĠξʹ݁ మ వ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ξʹ݁ ௜ భఴ ͘
ഏ ଽ
ďͿƐƐĞŶƷŵĞƌŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂቀξʹ݁ ௜ మ ቁ ͘
ഏ ଽ ଽ వഏ ഏ
KƌĂ͕ቀξʹ݁ ௜ మ ቁ ൌ ൫ξʹ൯ ݁ ௜ మ ൌ ͳ͸ξʹ݁ ௜ మ ൌ ͳ͸ξʹ݅ ൌ Ͳ ൅ ͳ͸ξʹ݅͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϳ
ϰϴ͘ĂͿ‫ ݖ‬ସ ൅ ʹ ൌ െξͳʹ݅ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ସ ൌ െʹ െ ξͳʹ݅ ฻ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞหെʹ െ ξͳʹ݅ห ൌ ͶĞ൫െʹ െ ξͳʹ݅൯ ൌ െ
ଶగ
ଷ

మഏ మഏ మೖഏ ഏ ೖഏ
௜ቀି ቁ ర ௜ቀି ା ቁ ௜ቀି ା ቁ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ସ ൌ Ͷ݁ య ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξͶ݁ భమ ర ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ሽ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ݁ ల మ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ሽ ฻
ഏ ഏ ఱഏ రഏ
௜ቀି ቁ ௜ ௜ ௜
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ݁ ల ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ξʹ݁ య ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ξʹ݁ ల ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ξʹ݁ య


ďͿ‫ ݖ‬ହ ൌ ‫ ݖ‬฻ ‫ ݖ‬ହ െ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݖ‬ሺ‫ ݖ‬ସ െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ସ ൌ ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ସ ൌ ݁ ଴௜ ฻
మೖഏ ೖഏ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁௜ ర ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ሽ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ మ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ሽ ฻
ഏ యഏ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ଴௜ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ మ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜గ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ మ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െ݅
యഏ
଼௜ ௭ య ା଼௜
ĐͿ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൅ ൌͲ฻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൅ ͺ݅ ൌ Ͳ ‫ Ͳ ് ݖ ר‬฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ െͺ݅ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ͺ݁ ௜ మ ฻
௭ ௭
యഏ మೖഏ ഏ మೖഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ ௜ቀ ା ቁ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ ల య ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ మ య ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽ ฻
ഏ ళഏ భభഏ
௜ ௜ ௜
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ మ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ݁ ల ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ݁ ల ฻
଻గ ଻గ ଵଵగ ଵଵగ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ ቂ ଺ ൅ ݅ ଺ ቃ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ ቂ ଺ ൅ ݅ ଺ ቃ ฻
ξଷ ଵ ξଷ ଵ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ ቀെ ଶ െ ݅ቁ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ ቀ ଶ െ ݅ቁ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െξ͵ െ ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ξ͵ െ ݅
ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϴ
ϰϵ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫͕݅ݕ‬ĐŽŵ‫Ͳ ് ݔ‬Ğ‫͘Ͳ ് ݕ‬

‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൌ െͷ െ ͳʹ݅ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻଶ ൌ െͷ െ ͳʹ݅ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݅ݕݔ‬ൌ െͷ െ ͳʹ݅ ฻
ଷ଺
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ െͷ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ െͷ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ మ ൌ െͷ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ ͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͵͸ ൌ Ͳ
௫
฻൜ ฻ቊ ଺ ฻ቐ ฻ ቊ ଺ ฻
ʹ‫ ݕݔ‬ൌ െͳʹ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ଺
‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ
௫ ௫ ௫
ିହേξଵ଺ଽ
‫ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ െͻ ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ ൌ Ͷ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ
฻ ቐ ଶ ฻ቊ ଺ ฻ ቊ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ଺ ฻ ቊ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ଺ ‫ ש‬ቊ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ଺ ฻
଺
‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ ௫ ௫ ௫ ௫
௫
‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ
฻൜ ‫ש‬൜
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͵ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐƌĂşǌĞƐƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐĚĞെͷ െ ͳʹ݅ƐĆŽെʹ ൅ ͵݅Ğʹ െ ͵݅͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϰϵ
ଶേξି଺ସ ଶേ଼௜
ϱϬ͘ĂͿ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ͹ ൌ ʹ‫ ݖ‬฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ͹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ฻‫ݖ‬ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ͳ െ Ͷ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͳ ൅ Ͷ݅
ďͿ‫ ݖ‬ଷ െ ͸‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ͵‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݖ‬ሺ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ͵ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ͵ ฻
଺േξିଵ଺ ଺േସ௜
฻‫ ݖ‬ൌͲ‫ ݖש‬ൌ ฻‫ ݖ‬ൌͲ‫ ݖש‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͵ െ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ݅
ଶ ଶ
ହേξଵ଺ଽ ହേଵଷ
ĐͿ‫ ݖ‬ସ െ ͷ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ͵͸ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ସ െ ͷ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ͵͸ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ฻ ‫ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ
ଶ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ െͶ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͻ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ െʹ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͵

WĄŐ͘ϭϱϭ
‫ݖ‬൅‫ ݓ‬ൌ͸ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͸ െ ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͸ െ ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͸ െ ‫ݖ‬

ϱϭ͘ቄ ฻൜ ฻ቄ ଶ ฻ቄ ଶ ฻
‫ ݓݖ‬ൌ ͳ͵ ‫ݖ‬ሺ͸ െ ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ͳ͵ െ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͸‫ ݖ‬െ ͳ͵ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ‬െ ͸‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ͵ ൌ Ͳ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͸ െ ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ͸െ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ͸െ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ͸െ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ݅ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͵ െ ʹ݅
฻ቊ ଺േξିଵ଺ ฻ ቊ ଺േସ௜ ฻ ቄ ‫ש‬ቄ ฻ቄ ‫ש‬ቄ
‫ݖ‬ൌ ‫ݖ‬ൌ ‫ݖ‬ ൌ ͵ െ ʹ݅ ‫ݖ‬ ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ͵ െ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ݅
ଶ ଶ

ĞŽƵƚƌŽŵŽĚŽ͕ƚĞŶĚŽĞŵĐŽŶƚĂĂŶŽƚĂ͗
KƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚŽƐƐĆŽĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ͵ ൌ Ͳ͘
଺േξିଵ଺ ଺േସ௜
KƌĂ͕‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ฻‫ݖ‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ͵ െ ʹ݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ݅͘
ଶ ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϱϴ
௜ ௜ሺଵି௜ሻ ଵା௜ ଵ ଵ ଷ ଷ
ϱϮ͘ĂͿͳ ൅ ݅ ൅ ൌ ͳ ൅ ݅ ൅ ሺଵା௜ሻሺଵି௜ሻ ൌ ͳ ൅ ݅ ൅ ൌ ͳ ൅ ݅ ൅ ൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ݅
ଵା௜ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ďͿ݅ ଵଵ ሺͳ ൅ ͵݅ሻଶ ൌ ݅ ଷ ሺͳ ൅ ͸݅ െ ͻሻ ൌ െ݅ሺെͺ ൅ ͸݅ሻ ൌ ͸ ൅ ͺ݅
ି଺ାଷ௜ା௜ యభ
ĐͿ ଵିଶ௜
ൌ ͮ݅ ଷଵ ൌ ݅ ଻ൈସାଷ ൌ ݅ ଷ ൌ െ݅
ି଺ାଷ௜ି௜ ሺି଺ାଶ௜ሻሺଵାଶ௜ሻ ି଺ିଵଶ௜ାଶ௜ିସ
ൌ ൌ ሺଵିଶ௜ሻሺଵାଶ௜ሻ ൌ ൌ െʹ െ ʹ݅
ଵିଶ௜ ହ
ሺସିଷ௜ሻమ ଵ଺ିଶସ௜ିଽ ሺ଻ିଶସ௜ሻሺି௜ሻ

ĚͿʹ݅ ൅ ൌ ʹ݅ ൅ ൌ ʹ݅ ൅ ൌ ʹ݅ െ ʹͶ െ ͹݅ ൌ െʹͶ െ ͷ݅
௜ ௜ ௜ሺି௜ሻ
ଶା௜
ĞͿ݅ ଶଷ ൅ ଵି௜ ൌ ͮ݅ ଶଷ ൌ ݅ ହൈସାଷ ൌ ݅ ଷ ൌ െ݅
ሺଶା௜ሻሺଵା௜ሻ ଶାଷ௜ିଵ ଵ ଷ ଵ ଵ
ൌ െ݅ ൅ ሺଵି௜ሻሺଵା௜ሻ ൌ െ݅ ൅ ൌ െ݅ ൅ ൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ݅
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ሺଶା௜ሻమ ା௜ రబ ା଺௜ మళ
ĨͿ ൌ ͮ݅ ସ଴ ൌ ݅ଵ଴ൈସା଴ ൌ ݅ ଴ ൌ ͳĞ݅ ଶ଻ ൌ ݅ ଺ൈସାଷ ൌ ݅ ଷ ൌ െ݅
ଵାଶ௜
ସାସ௜ିଵାଵି଺௜ ሺସିଶ௜ሻሺଵିଶ௜ሻ ସି଼௜ିଶ௜ିସ
ൌ ൌ ሺଵାଶ௜ሻሺଵିଶ௜ሻ ൌ ൌ െʹ݅
ଵାଶ௜ ହ
ଷିଶ௜ାሺଷିଶ௜ሻమ ାଶ௜ రయ
ŐͿ ൌ ͮ݅ ସଷ ൌ ݅ଵ଴ൈସାଷ ൌ ݅ ଷ ൌ െ݅
ି଼௜
ଷିଶ௜ାଽିଵଶ௜ିସିଶ௜ ଼ିଵ଺௜ ሺିଵାଶ௜ሻሺି௜ሻ
ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ʹ ൅ ݅
ି଼௜ ି଼௜ ௜ሺି௜ሻ
ሺଵାଶ௜ሻሺଷା௜ሻା௜ ఴ ା௜ భఱ
ŚͿ ൌ ͮ݅ଵହ ൌ ݅ ଷൈସାଷ ൌ ݅ ଷ ൌ െ݅
ଷ௜
ଷା௜ା଺௜ିଶାଵି௜ ሺଶା଺௜ሻሺିଷ௜ሻ ଵ଼ି଺௜ ଶ
ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ʹ െ ݅
ଷ௜ ଷ௜ሺିଷ௜ሻ ଽ ଷ

ϱϯ͘ʹሺ‫ ݌‬൅ ‫݅ݍ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ ݍ‬െ ‫ ݅݌‬െ ʹሺͳ െ ݅ሻ ฻ ʹ‫ ݌‬൅ ʹ‫ ݅ݍ‬ൌ ‫ ݍ‬െ ‫ ݅݌‬െ ʹ ൅ ʹ݅ ฻
ʹ‫ ݌‬ൌ ‫ ݍ‬െ ʹ ‫ ݍ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݌‬൅ ʹ
฻ ʹ‫ ݌‬൅ ʹ‫ ݅ݍ‬ൌ ሺ‫ ݍ‬െ ʹሻ ൅ ሺʹ െ ‫݌‬ሻ݅ ฻ ൜ ฻൜ ฻
ʹ‫ ݍ‬ൌ ʹ െ ‫݌‬ ʹሺʹ‫ ݌‬൅ ʹሻ ൌ ʹ െ ‫݌‬
଺
‫ ݍ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݌‬൅ ʹ ‫ ݍ‬ൌ ʹ‫ ݌‬൅ ʹ ‫ ݍ‬ൌ ହ
฻൜
ͷ‫ ݌‬ൌ െʹ
฻ቊ ଶ
‫ ݌‬ൌ െ
฻ቐ ଶ
‫݌‬ൌെ ହ ହ

ϱϰ͘ሺܽ ൅ ݅ሻሺʹ െ ܾ݅ሻ ൌ ͹ െ ݅ ฻ ʹܽ െ ܾܽ݅ ൅ ʹ݅ ൅ ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ݅ ฻
ʹܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ ͹ ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹܽ ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹܽ
฻ ሺʹܽ ൅ ܾሻ ൅ ሺʹ െ ܾܽሻ݅ ൌ ͹ െ ݅ ฻ ቄ ฻ቄ ฻൜ ฻
ʹ െ ܾܽ ൌ െͳ ܾܽ ൌ ͵ ܽሺ͹ െ ʹܽሻ ൌ ͵

ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹܽ ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹܽ ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹܽ ܾ ൌ ͹ െ ʹܽ
฻ቄ ଶ ฻ቊ ଻േξସଽିଶସ ฻ቊ ଵ ‫ש‬ቄ ฻
ʹܽ െ ͹ܽ ൅ ͵ ൌ Ͳ ܽൌ ܽ ൌ ଶ ܽ ൌ ͵
ସ
ܾൌ͸ ܾൌͳ
฻ቊ ଵ ‫ש‬ቄ
ܽൌଶ ܽൌ͵

ϱϱ͘ሺͳ ൅ ݅ሻଶ ൅ ܽሺͳ ൅ ݅ሻ ൅ ܾ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ʹ݅ ൅ ܽ ൅ ܽ݅ ൅ ܾ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺܽ ൅ ܾሻ ൅ ሺܽ ൅ ʹሻ݅ ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ ܽ ൅ ܾ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ܽ ר‬൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܽ ൌ െʹ ‫ ܾ ר‬ൌ ʹ

ሺିଷାଶ௜ሻమ ାଷାସ௜ యఱ
ϱϲ͘ĂͿ యഏ ൌ ͮ݅ ଷହ ൌ ݅ ଼ൈସାଷ ൌ ݅ ଷ ൌ െ݅
೔
ସ௘ మ
ଽିଵଶ௜ିସାଷିସ௜ ሺ଼ିଵ଺௜ሻସ௜ ଺ସାଷଶ௜
ൌ ൌ ሺିସ௜ሻସ௜ ൌ ൌ Ͷ ൅ ʹ݅
ିସ௜ ଵ଺
ଵ ହ
ďͿቀ͵ െ Ͷ݅ െ ቁ ൌ ሺ͵ െ Ͷ݅ ൅ ݅ሻହ ൌ
௜
ൌ ሺ͵ െ ͵݅ሻହ ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞȁ͵ െ ͵݅ȁ ൌ ξͳͺ ൌ ͵ξʹĞሺ͵ െ ͵݅ሻ ൌ െ
గ
ସ
ഏ ହ ఱഏ
௜ቀି ቁ ௜ቀି ቁ ହగ ହగ
ൌ ൬͵ξʹ݁ ర ൰ ൌ ͵ହ ξʹହ ݁ ర ൌ ͻ͹ʹξʹ ቂ ቀെ ቁ ൅ ݅ ቀെ ቁቃ ൌ
ସ ସ
ξଶ ௜ ξଶ
ൌ ͻ͹ʹξʹ ቂെ ଶ
൅
ଶ
ቃ ൌ െͻ͹ʹ ൅ ͻ͹ʹ݅
ഏ వ
ഏ ഏ వ ೔
ቀୡ୭ୱ ା௜ ୱୣ୬ ቁ ାሺଶା௜ሻయ ൬௘ వ ൰ ାଶయ ାଷൈଶమ ௜ାଷൈଶ௜ మ ା௜ య ௘ ೔ഏ ା଼ାଵଶ௜ି଺ି௜ ିଵାଶାଵଵ௜ ሺଵାଵଵ௜ሻሺି௜ሻ
ĐͿ వ వ
ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ͳͳ െ ݅
௜ ௜ ௜ ௜ ௜ሺି௜ሻ

ഏ
೔
ିଶ௜௘ ల గ
ϱϳ͘ĂͿ ଵା ଷ௜ ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞหͳ ൅ ξ͵݅ห ൌ ʹĞ൫ͳ ൅ ξ͵݅൯ ൌ
ଷ

ξ
యഏ ഏ
೔ ೔ యഏ ഏ ഏ రഏ
ଶ௘ మ ௘ ల ௜ቀ ା ି ቁ
ൌ ೔
ഏ ൌ݁ మ ల య ൌ ݁ ௜ య
ଶ௘ య
ഏ ళ
೔
ସ௜൬௘ ళ ൰ ା଼ ସ௜௘ ೔ഏ ା଼ ሺିସ௜ା଼ሻሺଷି௜ሻ ିଵଶ௜ିସାଶସି଼௜
ďͿ ଷା௜
ൌ ൌ ሺଷା௜ሻሺଷି௜ሻ
ൌ ൌ
ଷା௜ ଵ଴
ଶ଴ିଶ଴௜ గ
ൌ ൌ ʹ െ ʹ݅ ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞȁʹ െ ʹ݅ȁ ൌ ʹξʹĞሺʹ െ ʹ݅ሻ ൌ െ
ଵ଴ ସ
ഏ
௜ቀି ቁ
ൌ ʹξʹ݁ ర
భభഏ భభഏ భభഏ ξయ భ యഏ

೔
ିଶξଷାସ௘ ల ିଶξଷାସቀୡ୭ୱ ା௜ ୱୣ୬ ቁ ିଶξଷାସ൬ ି ௜൰ ିଶξଷାଶξଷିଶ௜
೔
ଶ௘ మ భయഏ
ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భబ
మ మ
ĐͿ ೔
ഏ ൌ ೔
ഏ
ల ల
ൌ ೔
ഏ ൌ ೔
ഏ ൌ ೔
ഏ
௘ ఱ ௘ఱ ௘ ఱ ௘ ఱ ௘ఱ

యഏ
௭మ ଵା௜
ϱϴ͘‫ݖ‬ଵ ൅ ൌ ݁௜ మ ൅ ఱഏ ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞȁͳ ൅ ݅ȁ ൌ ξʹĞሺͳ ൅ ݅ሻ ൌ
గ
௭య ೔ ସ
ξଶ௘ ర
ഏ
೔
ξଶ௘ ర
ൌ െ݅ ൅ ఱഏ ൌ െ݅ ൅ ݁ ௜ሺିగሻ ൌ െͳ െ ݅
೔
ξଶ௘ ర

ഏ
గ గ ξଷ ଵ
ϱϵ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹξ͵݁ ௜ ల ൌ ʹξ͵ ቀ ൅ ݅ ቁ ൌ ʹξ͵ቀ ଶ ൅ ݅ቁ ൌ ͵ ൅ ξ͵݅͘
଺ ଺ ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
௭௪ ൫ଷାξଷ௜൯൫ିଷାଷξଷ௜൯ ିଽାଽξଷ௜ିଷξଷ௜ିଽ ൫ିଵ଼ା଺ξଷ௜൯൫ିସξଷ௜൯ ൫ିଵ଼ା଺ξଷ௜൯൫ିସξଷ௜൯
ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ ൌ
௭ା௪ ଷାξଷ௜ିଷାଷξଷ௜ ସξଷ௜ ସξଷ௜൫ିସξଷ௜൯ ସ଼
଻ଶା଻ଶξଷ௜ ଷ ଷξଷ ଷ ଷξଷ ଽ ଶ଻ ଷ ଷξଷ గ
ൌ ൌ ൅ ݅ ൌ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞቚ ൅ ݅ቚ ൌ ට ൅ ൌ ͵Ğ ቀ ൅ ݅ቁ ൌ
ସ଼ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ ଶ ଷ
ഏ
௜
ൌ ͵݁ య

WĄŐ͘ϭϱϵ
ϲϬ͘^ĞũĂሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ߙ͕‫͘Ͳ ് ݖ‬
యഏ
௭ గ ௭ గ ଷగ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ ߙ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ቀ ቁ ൌ ฻ߙൌ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݖ‬ ൌ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ݁ ௜ ర ͘
௪ ସ ௪ ଶ ସ
యഏ ௡ యഏ
ଷగ ସ௞
KƌĂ͕‫ ݖ‬௡ ‫ א‬Թ ฻ ቀȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ݁ ௜ ర ቁ ‫ א‬Թ ฻ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ௡ ݁ ௜ ర ௡ ‫ א‬Թ ฻ ݊ ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ݊ ൌ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
ସ ଷ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵͕ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞ݊ ൌ Ͷ͕ƋƵĞĠŽŵĞŶŽƌŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůƋƵĞƐĂƚŝƐĨĂǌĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͘

ഏ ഏ
పఈ ൈ ሺͳ ൅ ݅ሻ ൌ ݁ ௜ሺିఈሻ ξʹ݁ ௜ ర ൌ ξʹ݁ ௜ቀିఈା ቁ
ഥ ൈ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ݁തതതത
ϲϭ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݓ‬ ర ͘
ഏ
௜ቀିఈା ቁ గ ଷగ
KƌĂ͕ξʹ݁ ర ‫ א‬Թି ฻ െߙ ൅ ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߙ ൌ െ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
ସ ସ
ହగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞߙƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂሾͲǡ ʹߨሿƋƵĞĠ ͘
ସ

௔ାሺଵାଶ௜ሻ௜ ఴయ
ϲϮ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ ఱഏ ൌ ͮ݅ ଼ଷ ൌ ݅ ଶ଴ൈସାଷ ൌ ݅ ଷ ൌ െ݅
೔
ξଶ௘ ర
௔ାሺଵାଶ௜ሻሺି௜ሻ ௔ାଶି௜ ௔ାଶି௜ ௔ାଶି௜ ሺ௔ାଶି௜ሻሺଵି௜ሻ
ൌ ఱഏ ఱഏ ൌ ξమ ೔ξమ
ൌ ൌെ ൌെ ሺଵା௜ሻሺଵି௜ሻ
ൌ
ξଶቀୡ୭ୱ ర ା௜ ୱୣ୬ ర ቁ ξଶ൬ି మ ି మ ൰ ିଵି௜ ଵା௜
௔ି௔௜ାଶିଶ௜ି௜ିଵ ଵା௔ାሺି௔ିଷሻ௜ ଵା௔ ௔ାଷ

ൌെ ൌ െ ൌെ ൅ ݅
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
௔ାሺଵାଶ௜ሻ௜ ఴయ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ఱഏ ĠƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽƉƵƌŽƐĞĞƐſƐĞܽ ൌ െͳ͘
೔
ξଶ௘ ర

ϲϯ͘dĞŵͲƐĞሺܽ ൅ ݅ሻଶ ൌ ܽଶ ൅ ʹܽ݅ െ ͳ ൌ ሺܽଶ െ ͳሻ ൅ ʹܽ݅͘
KƌĂ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞƐĞƚĞŶŚĂ͕ሺܽ ൅ ݅ሻଶ ൌ ‫͕ݖ‬ĠŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƋƵĞሾሺܽ ൅ ݅ሻଶ ሿ ൌ ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƚĞŵĚĞƐĞ
ଶ௔
ƚĞƌ ൌ ξ͵͘
௔ మ ିଵ
ଶ௔ ξଷ
ൌ ξ͵ ฻ ʹܽ ൌ ξ͵ܽଶ െ ξ͵ ฻ ξ͵ܽଶ െ ʹܽ െ ξ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܽ ൌ െ ‫ ܽ ש‬ൌ ξ͵
௔ మ ିଵ ଷ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ଶ
ξଷ ଶξଷ ଵ ଶ ଶξଷ
භቀെ ଷ
൅ ݅ቁ ൌ െ
ଷ
݅ െ ͳ ൌ െ െ ଷ ͖݅ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůĚĞƐƚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽŶĆŽ
ଷ ଷ
గ ξଷ
Ġଷ ͕ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůെ ଷ ŶĆŽĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂ͘
ଶ గ
භ൫ξ͵ ൅ ݅൯ ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹξ͵݅ െ ͳ ൌ ʹ ൅ ʹξ͵͖݅ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĂůĚĞƐƚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽĠ ͕
ଷ
ŽŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůξ͵ĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂ͘


ഏ
ష೔ ഏ
ξଶ௘ ఴ ௜ቀି ቁ
ϲϰ͘ ܽ െ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅ ൌ ೔
ഏ ฻ ܽ െ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅ ൌ ξʹ݁ ర ฻
௘ ఴ
గ గ
฻ ܽ െ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅ ൌ ξʹ ቂ ቀെ ቁ ൅ ݅ ቀെ ቁቃ ฻
ସ ସ
ξଶ ξଶ ܽ െ ܽ ൌ ͳ
฻ ܽ െ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅ ൌ ξʹ ቂ ଶ െ ฻ ܽ െ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅ ൌ ͳ െ ݅ ฻ ቄ
݅ ଶቃ
ܾ ൌ െͳ
sĂŵŽƐƌĞƐŽůǀĞƌ͕ĞŵሿͲǡ ߨሾ͕ĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ ܽ െ ܽ ൌ ͳ͘
ܽ െ ܽ ൌ ͳ ฺ ሺ ܽ െ ܽሻଶ ൌ ͳଶ ฻ െʹ ܽ ܽ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺʹܽሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
௞గ
฻ ʹܽ ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ܽ ൌ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଶ
గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞŽƷŶŝĐŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞܽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂሿͲǡ ߨሾ͕ƋƵĞĠ ͘
ଶ
గ
గ ܽ ൌ
KƌĂ͕ ƐĂƚŝƐĨĂǌĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ ܽ െ ܽ ൌ ͳ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂĠቊ ଶ
ଶ
ܾ ൌ െͳ

ఱ
൫௘ ೔ഀ ൯ ௘ ೔ሺఱഀሻ ଵ ௜ቀହఈିഏቁ
ϲϱ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ ഏ ൌ ݁ మ ͘
ଷ௜ ೔
ଷ௘ మ ଷ
ఱ
൫௘ ೔ഀ ൯ ଵ ௜ቀହఈିഏቁ గ గ ௞గ
KƌĂ͕ ଷ௜
‫א‬Թ฻ ݁ మ ‫ א‬Թ ฻ ͷߙ െ ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߙ ൌ
൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ଷ ଶଵ଴ ହ
గ గ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ͕ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞŽƷŶŝĐŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞߙƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂቃͲǡ ቂ͕ƋƵĞĠ ͘
ସ ଵ଴

ଶ
ϲϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ൫͵݁ ௜ఈ ൯ ൈ ൫ʹ ൅ ξͳʹ݅൯ ൌ గ
ͮdĞŵͲƐĞหʹ ൅ ξͳʹ݅ห ൌ ξͶ ൅ ͳʹ ൌ ͶĞ൫ʹ ൅ ξͳʹ݅൯ ൌ
ଷ
ഏ ഏ
௜ሺଶఈሻ ௜ ௜ቀଶఈା ቁ
ൌ ͻ݁ ൈ Ͷ݁ ൌ ͵͸݁
య య
KĂĨŝǆŽĚĞƐƚĞŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĚŽƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞƐĞĞƐſƐĞ
గ ହగ ଵଵగ
ʹߙ ൅ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƐĞĞƐſƐĞߙ ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
ଷ ସ ଶସ
గ ଵଵగ
WĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ͕ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞŽƷŶŝĐŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞߙƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞĂቃͲǡ ቂ͕ƋƵĞĠ ͘
ଶ ଶସ

ϲϳ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ఏ ൌ ʹሾ ߠ ൅ ݅ ߠሿ ൌ ʹ ߠ ൅ ʹ݅ ߠ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳȁଶ ൅ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳȁଶ ൌ ȁʹ ߠ ൅ ʹ݅ ߠ ൅ ͳȁଶ ൅ ȁʹ ߠ ൅ ʹ݅ ߠ െ ͳȁଶ ൌ
ൌ ȁሺʹ ߠ ൅ ͳሻ ൅ ሺʹ ߠሻ݅ȁଶ ൅ ȁሺʹ ߠ െ ͳሻ ൅ ሺʹ ߠሻ݅ȁଶ ൌ
ൌ ሺʹ ߠ ൅ ͳሻଶ ൅ ሺʹ ߠሻଶ ൅ ሺʹ ߠ െ ͳሻଶ ൅ ሺʹ ߠሻଶ ൌ
ൌ Ͷ ଶ ߠ ൅ Ͷ ߠ ൅ ͳ ൅ Ͷ ଶ ߠ ൅ Ͷ ଶ ߠ െ Ͷ ߠ ൅ ͳ ൅ Ͷ ଶ ߠ ൌ
ൌ ͺ ଶ ߠ ൅ ͺ ଶ ߠ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͺሺଶ ߠ ൅ ଶ ߠሻ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͺ ൅ ʹ ൌ ͳͲ

ϲϴ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅͘ݕ‬
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ͸ȁ ൌ Ͷȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳȁ ฻ ȁሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͸ሻ ൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ȁ ൌ Ͷȁሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻ ൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ȁ ฻
฻ ඥሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͸ሻଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ Ͷඥሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳሻଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͵ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹͷ͸ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ͳ͸ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ሻ ฻
฻ ͳͷ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳͷ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ʹͶͲ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ͳ͸ ฻ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൌ Ͷ


ሺ‫כ‬ሻ ഏ
ξ଺ିξଶ௜ ξ଺ ξଶ௜ ௜ቀି ቁ
ϲϵ͘ĂͿ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ൌ െ ݅ ൌ
ฎ ξʹ݁ ల
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ξమ
;ΎͿ ξ଺ ξଶ ଺ ଶ ି ξଷ ξ଺ ξଶ గ
dĞŵͲƐĞቚ െ ݅ቚ ൌ ට ൅ ൌ ξʹĞ ల
మ
ൌെ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ቀ െ ݅ቁ ൌെ
ଶ ଶ ସ ସ ଷ ଶ ଶ ଺
మ
ഏ
௜ቀି ቁ గ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͳ െ ݅ ൌ ξʹ݁ ర ͮdĞŵͲƐĞȁͳ െ ݅ȁ ൌ ξʹĞሺͳ െ ݅ሻ ൌ െ
ସ
ഏ
೔ቀష ቁ ഏ ഏ ഏ
௭ ξଶ௘ ల ௜ቀି ା ቁ
ďͿ ൌ ഏ ൌ݁ ల ర ൌ ݁ ௜భమ
௪ ೔ቀష ቁ
ξଶ௘ ర
ξలషξమ೔
௭ ξ଺ିξଶ௜ ൫ξ଺ିξଶ௜൯ሺଶାଶ௜ሻ ଶξ଺ାଶξ଺௜ିଶξଶ௜ାଶξଶ
ൌ మ
ൌ ൌ ሺଶିଶ௜ሻሺଶାଶ௜ሻ
ൌ ൌ
௪ ଵି௜ ଶିଶ௜ ଼
ଶξ଺ାଶξଶ ଶξ଺ିଶξଶ ξ଺ାξଶ ξ଺ିξଶ

ൌ ଼
൅ ଼
݅ ൌ ସ
൅ ସ ݅
ഏ
ξ଺ାξଶ ξ଺ିξଶ
ĐͿĂĂůşŶĞĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ݁ ௜భమ ൌ ൅ ସ ͕݅Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
ସ
గ గ ξ଺ାξଶ ξ଺ିξଶ గ ξ଺ାξଶ గ ξ଺ିξଶ
൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ସ ͕݅ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƐĞƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ൌ Ğ ൌ ͘
ଵଶ ଵଶ ସ ଵଶ ସ ଵଶ ସ

ϳϬ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗

ϳϭ͘


ϳϮ͘ĂͿ
ďͿ


ϳϯ͘

ϳϰ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϬ
ϳϱ͘


ϳϲ͘

యഏ
ଷగ ଷగ ξଶ ξଶ
ϳϳ͘dĞŵͲƐĞξͺ݁ ௜ ర ൌ ξͺ ቀ ସ
൅ ݅
ସ
ቁ ൌ ξͺ ቀെ ଶ
൅ ଶ ݅ቁ ൌ െʹ ൅ ʹ݅͘
തതതത ൌ ȁሺͳ ൅ ͸݅ሻ െ ሺെʹ ൅ ʹ݅ሻȁ ൌ ȁ͵ ൅
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ܤܣ‬ Ͷ݅ȁξ͵ଶ ൅ Ͷଶ ൌ ξͻ ൅ ͳ͸ ൌ ͷ͘

గ
ϳϴ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ͕ߙ ‫ א‬ቃͲǡ ቂ͘
ଶ
యഏ ഏ ഏ
௜ቀି ቁ ௜ቀି ିఈቁ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݓ‬ൌ െ͵݅‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ ͵݁ ௜ మ ߩ݁
തതതതതത
పఈ ൌ ͵݁ మ ߩ݁ ௜ሺିఈሻ ൌ ͵ߩ݁ మ ͘
గ గ గ గ గ
KƌĂ͕Ͳ ൏ ߙ ൏ ฻ െ ൏ െߙ ൏ Ͳ ฻ െߨ ൏ െ െߙ ൏ െ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞሺ‫ݓ‬ሻ ൌ െ െ ߙ͘
ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ

ϳϵ͘ĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘
തതതത
஺஻ൈ஻஼തതതത
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ ʹͶ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ
ଶ
തതതത ൌ ͺ͕ƐĞƚĞŵ‫ܥܤ‬
‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത ൌ ͸͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫͕ܣ‬ĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫͕ݖ‬ĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞ
ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺ͵ǡ ͶሻĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݖ‬ൌ ͵ ൅ Ͷ݅͘

ഏ
೔ቀష ቁ ഏ
௪ ȁ௪ȁ௘ ల ௜ቀି ቁ
ϴϬ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݖݖ‬ҧ ൌ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁଶ ൌ ͶĞ ഥ ൌ ഏ ൌ݁ య ͘
௪ ȁ௪
೔
ഥ ȁ௘ ల
଺
௪ ଺ ഏ
௜ቀି ቁ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ݖݖ‬ҧ ൅ ቀ ഥ ቁ ൌ Ͷ ൅ ൤݁
௪
య ൨ ൌ Ͷ ൅ ݁ ௜ሺିଶగሻ ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͳ ൌ ͷǤ


ďͿĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘
തതതതൈைௐ
ை௓ തതതതത
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽ
ଶ
തതതത ൌ ʹ͕ƐĞƚĞŵܱܹ
ܱܼ തതതതത ൌ ͸͘
గ గ
ĂĚŽƋƵĞܹܱ෠ܼ ൌ ଶ Ğሺ‫ݓ‬ሻ ൌ െ ଺ ͕ƉŽĚĞ
గ
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ഏ
గ గ ଵ ξଷ
‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ య ൌ ʹ ቀ ൅ ݅ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀ ൅ ݅ቁ ൌ ͳ ൅ ξ͵݅Ğ
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଶ
ഏ
௜ቀି ቁ గ గ ξଷ ଵ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͸݁ ల ൌ ͸ ቂ ቀെ ቁ ൅ ݅ ቀെ ቁቃ ൌ ͸ ቀ െ ݅ቁ ൌ ͵ξ͵ െ ͵݅
଺ ଺ ଶ ଶ

ഏ
గ గ
ϴϭ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ ቀ ൅ ݅ ቁ ൌ ξʹ݁ ௜ ఴ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
଼ ଼
ഏ ହ ఱഏ ఱഏ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ‫ ݖ‬ହ ൌ ቀξʹ݁ ௜ ఴ ቁ ൌ ξʹହ ݁ ௜ ఴ ൌ Ͷξʹ݁ ௜ ఴ ͘
ĨŝŐƵƌĂĂďĂŝǆŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘

ହగ గ ସగ గ
dĞŵͲƐĞܼܱ෠ܹ ൌ െ ൌ ൌ ͘
଼ ଼ ଼ ଶ
ை௓ തതതതത
തതതതൈைௐ ξଶൈସξଶ
ďͿƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽൌ ଶ
ൌ
ଶ
ൌ ͶƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϭ
ϴϮ͘ĂͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ҧĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌĞĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵƌĞůĂĕĆŽĂŽĞŝǆŽƌĞĂůĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂů͘


ďͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെ‫ݖ‬ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌĞĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵƌĞůĂĕĆŽăŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂů͘

గ
ĐͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ݅‫ݖ‬ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ ͘
ଶ

ഏ
గ
ĚͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ݁ ௜ ల ‫ݖ‬ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ ͘
଺
ĞͿKĂĨŝǆŽĚĞെ݅‫ݖ‬ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌĞĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵƌĞůĂĕĆŽăŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂ
గ
ĐŽŵĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞെ ଶ ͘

ଷ ଷ
ĨͿdĞŵͲƐĞቀͳ ൅ ݅ቁ ‫ݖ‬ ൌ‫ݖ‬൅ ݅‫͘ݖ‬
ଶ ଶ
ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞቀͳ ൅ ݅ቁ ‫ݖ‬ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞ
ଶ
గ ଷ
ĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ ͕ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĐŽŵĂŚŽŵŽƚĞƚŝĂĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĞƌĂǌĆŽ ͕ĞĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĐŽŵĂƚƌĂŶƐůĂĕĆŽ
ଶ ଶ
ሬሬሬሬሬԦ ͕ƐĞŶĚŽܼŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫͘ݖ‬
ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂĚĂĂŽǀĞƚŽƌܱܼ


ϴϯ͘ĂͿ^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ǡ ‫ݔ‬ǡ ‫ א ݕ‬Թ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
‫ݖݖ‬ҧ ൑ ͻ ‫ ݖ ר‬൅ ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൏ െʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ ͻ ‫ ݔ ר‬൅ ‫ ݅ݕ‬൅ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݅ݕ‬൏ െʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൑ ͻ ‫ ݔ ר‬൏ െͳ
ZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽ͕ŶŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͕ĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͗
ďͿdĞŵͲƐĞȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͵݅ȁ ൑ ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹ ൅ ݅ȁ ‫ܴ݁ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ Ͷ ‫݉ܫ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ Ͳ ฻

฻ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺͲ ൅ ͵݅ሻȁ ൑ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺെʹ െ ݅ሻȁ ‫ܴ݁ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ Ͷ ‫݉ܫ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ Ͳ
ĐͿdĞŵͲƐĞȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͵ െ ʹ݅ȁ ൑ ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ ฻ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺ͵ ൅ ʹ݅ሻȁ ൑ ͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ʹ

ĚͿZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽ͕ŶŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͕ĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͗


ĞͿdĞŵͲƐĞȁ݅‫ݖ‬ȁ ൑ Ͷ ‫ ר‬ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹ െ ʹ݅ȁ ฻ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൑ Ͷ ‫ ר‬ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺͲ ൅ Ͳ݅ሻȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺʹ ൅ ʹ݅ሻȁ͘
ĨͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භȁെ‫ ݖ‬െ ʹ െ ݅ȁ ൑ ξͷ ฻ ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹ ൅ ݅ȁ ൑ ξͷ ฻ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺെʹ െ ݅ሻȁ ൑ ξͷ
గ గ
භͲ ൑ ሺ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳ ൅ ݅ሻ ൑ ฻ Ͳ ൑ ሾ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺെͳ െ ݅ሻሿ ൑
ଶ ଶ
භሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ െͳ ‫ ר‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ െͳ
ZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽ͕ŶŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͕ĚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͗

ϴϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
භKƐĞŵŝƉůĂŶŽĞƐƋƵĞƌĚŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽƉĞůŽĞŝǆŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽ;ŝŶĐůƵŝŶĚŽĂĨƌŽŶƚĞŝƌĂͿƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽƉĞůĂ
ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ Ͳ͘
භKƐĞŵŝƉůĂŶŽƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽƉĞůĂƌĞƚĂ‫;ݎ‬ŝŶĐůƵŝŶĚŽĂĨƌŽŶƚĞŝƌĂͿƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ
ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺͲ ൅ Ͳ݅ሻȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺ͵ ൅ Ͷ݅ሻȁ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͵ െ Ͷ݅ȁ͘
භKĐşƌĐƵůŽĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽ‫ܥ‬ĞƋƵĞƉĂƐƐĂŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂů;ŝŶĐůƵŝŶĚŽĂĨƌŽŶƚĞŝƌĂͿƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚŽ
ƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺ͵ ൅ Ͷ݅ሻȁ ൑ ͷ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͵ െ Ͷ݅ȁ ൑ ͷ;ŽƌĂŝŽĚĂĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂĠŝŐƵĂůĂ
ξ͵ଶ ൅ Ͷଶ ൌ ͷͿ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚĐŽůŽƌŝĚĂŶŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ;ŝŶĐůƵŝŶĚŽĂĨƌŽŶƚĞŝƌĂͿƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂ
ƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ͗
ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൑ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൒ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͵ െ Ͷ݅ȁ ‫ ר‬ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͵ െ Ͷ݅ȁ ൑ ͷ

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϮ
ഏ
ϴϱ͘ĂͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͸Ͷ݅ ൌ ͸Ͷ݁ ௜ మ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƌĂşǌĞƐƐĞǆƚĂƐĚĞ͸Ͷ݅ƐĆŽĚĂĚĂƐƉŽƌ͗
గ ଶ௞గ గ ௞గ
ల ௜ቀ ା ቁ ௜ቀ ା ቁ
ξ͸Ͷ݁ ଵଶ ଺ ൌ ʹ݁ ଵଶ ଷ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷሽ


ŶƚĆŽ͕ĂƐƌĂşǌĞƐƐĞǆƚĂƐĚĞ͸Ͷ݅ƐĆŽ͗
ഏ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื‫ݖ‬ଵ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜భమ
ഏ ഏ ఱഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื‫ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ʹ݁ భమ య ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భమ
ഏ మഏ వഏ యഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื‫ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ʹ݁ భమ య ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భమ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ ర
ഏ భయഏ
௜ቀ ାగቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵ ื‫ݖ‬ସ ൌ ʹ݁ భమ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భమ
ഏ రഏ భళഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͷ ื‫ݖ‬ହ ൌ ʹ݁ భమ య ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భమ
ഏ ఱഏ మభഏ ళഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͷ ื‫ ଺ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ భమ య ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భమ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ ర
ďͿŽŚĞǆĄŐŽŶŽƌĞŐƵůĂƌሾ‫ܨܧܦܥܤܣ‬ሿŝŶƐĐƌŝƚŽŶĂĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂĐŽŵĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞ
గ
ƌĂŝŽŝŐƵĂůĂʹ͕ƚĂůƋƵĞĂƐĞŵŝƌƌĞƚĂܱሶ ‫ܣ‬ƚĞŵŝŶĐůŝŶĂĕĆŽŝŐƵĂůĂ ͘
ଵଶ
തതതത ൌ ܱ‫ܣ‬
ĐͿĂĚŽƋƵĞŽŚĞǆĄŐŽŶŽĠƌĞŐƵůĂƌ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܤܣ‬ തതതത͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽƉĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂͳʹ͘
ĄƌĞĂĚĞƵŵƉŽůşŐŽŶŽƌĞŐƵůĂƌĠĚĂĚĂƉŽƌÀ ൈ ×͘
KĂƉſƚĞŵĂĚĞƐƚĞŚĞǆĄŐŽŶŽĠĂĂůƚƵƌĂ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĞƋƵŝůĄƚĞƌŽሾܱ‫ܤܣ‬ሿ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
ξଷ തതതത
ଶ
ൈ ‫ܤܣ‬ ൌ ξ͵͘
ŶƚĆŽ͗
ଵଶ
ĄƌĞĂĚŽŚĞǆĄŐŽŶŽሾ‫ܨܧܦܥܤܣ‬ሿ ൌ À ൈ × ൌ ൈ ξ͵ ൌ ͸ξ͵ƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ
ଶ

ϴϲ͘ƐƐĞƉŽůşŐŽŶŽĠƵŵƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽŝŶƐĐƌŝƚŽŶĂĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂĐŽŵĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞƌĂŝŽ
ర
ŝŐƵĂůĂξ͵͸͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ξ͸͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĞƵŵƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽĐƵũĂĚŝĂŐŽŶĂůĠŝŐƵĂůĂʹξ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽůĂĚŽĚĞƐƐĞƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂů
ଶξ଺
Ă ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ʹξ͵͘
ξଶ
ĄƌĞĂĚĞƐƐĞƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂů͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂͳʹƵŶŝĚĂĚĞƐĚĞĄƌĞĂ͘


ϴϳ͘

ϴϴ͘‫ ݖ‬ൌ ሺ͵ െ ݅ሻଷ ൌ ͵ଷ െ ͵ ൈ ͵ଶ ൈ ݅ ൅ ͵ ൈ ͵ ൈ ݅ ଶ െ ݅ ଷ ൌ ʹ͹ െ ʹ͹݅ െ ͻ ൅ ݅ ൌ ͳͺ െ ʹ͸݅

ϴϵ͘KƐĂĨŝǆŽƐĚĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƚƌġƐƌĂşǌĞƐƋƵĂƌƚĂƐƐĆŽŽƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƚƌġƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐĚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂĚŽĐŽŵĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂ
ŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞĞŵƋƵĞŽǀĠƌƚŝĐĞĐŽŶŚĞĐŝĚŽĠŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺʹǡ ͵ሻ͘

dĂůĐŽŵŽŝůƵƐƚƌĂĚŽŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂ͕ĞƐƐĞƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƚƌġƐǀĠƌƚŝĐĞƐƐĆŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺെ͵ǡ ʹሻ͕
ሺെʹǡ െ͵ሻĞሺ͵ǡ െʹሻ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐƌĞƐƚĂŶƚĞƐƚƌġƐƌĂşǌĞƐƋƵĂƌƚĂƐĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƐĆŽെ͵ ൅ ʹ͕݅െʹ െ ͵݅Ğ͵ െ ʹ݅͘


‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ͹ ‫ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ͹
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ϵϬ͘ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻ ൌ ͹ ൅ ʹͶ݅ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬൅ ʹ‫ ݅ݕݔ‬ൌ ͹ ൅ ʹͶ݅ ฻ ൜ ฻ቊ ଵଶ ฻
ʹ‫ ݕݔ‬ൌ ʹͶ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ
௫
ଶ ଵସସ
‫ݔ‬ െ మ ൌ͹ ସ
‫ ݔ‬െ ͹‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͶͶ ൌ Ͳ ଶ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ͸ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െͻ ଶ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͶ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ Ͷ ଶ
௫
฻ቐ ฻ቊ ଵଶ ฻ቊ ଵଶ ฻ ቊ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ଵଶ ฻
‫ݕ‬
ଵଶ
ൌ ௫ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ௫ ௫
௫
‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͶ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͷ
฻൜ ‫ש‬൜
‫ ݕ‬ൌ െ͵ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ͵
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐƌĂşǌĞƐƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐĚĞ͹ ൅ ʹͶ݅ƐĆŽെͶ െ ͵݅ĞͶ ൅ ͵݅͘

ഏ
ଷଶ
ϵϭ͘‫ ݖ‬ହ ൅ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ହ െ ͵ʹ݅ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ହ ൌ ͵ʹ݅ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ହ ൌ ͵ʹ݁ ௜ మ ฻
௜
ഏ మೖഏ
ఱ ௜ቀ ା ቁ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξ͵ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷሽ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƐĆŽ͗
ഏ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ ௜భబ
ഏ మഏ ഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ మ
ഏ రഏ వഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భబ
ഏ లഏ భయഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͵ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భబ
ഏ ఴഏ భళഏ
௜ቀ ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͷ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ భబ ఱ ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ భబ

ϵϮ͘‫ݖ‬ଵ ൌ ሺʹ െ ݅ሻଷ ൌ ʹଷ െ ͵ ൈ ʹଶ ൈ ݅ ൅ ͵ ൈ ʹ ൈ ݅ ଶ െ ݅ ଷ ൌ ͺ െ ͳʹ݅ െ ͸ ൅ ݅ ൌ ʹ െ ͳͳ݅Ğ
଻ାଷଽ௜ ሺ଻ାଷଽ௜ሻሺଷି௜ሻ ଶଵି଻௜ାଵଵ଻௜ାଷଽ ଺଴ାଵଵ଴௜
‫ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ൌ ሺଷା௜ሻሺଷି௜ሻ
ൌ ൌ ൌ ͸ ൅ ͳͳ݅
ଷା௜ ଵ଴ ଵ଴
మೖഏ
య ௜ቀ ቁ
‫ ݖ‬ଷ െ ‫ݖ‬ଵ ൌ ‫ݖ‬ଶ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ‫ݖ‬ଵ ൅ ‫ݖ‬ଶ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ͺ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ͺ݁ ௜ൈ଴ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξͺ݁ య ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ ௜଴ ൌ ʹ
మഏ
௜ቀ ቁ ଶగ ଶగ ଵ ξଷ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ య ൌ ʹ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀെ ൅ ݅ቁ ൌ െͳ ൅ ξ͵݅
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଶ
రഏ
௜ቀ ቁ ସగ ସగ ଵ ξଷ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ݁ య ൌ ʹ ቀ ൅ ቁ ൌ ʹ ቀെ െ ݅ቁ ൌ െͳ െ ξ͵݅
ଷ ଷ ଶ ଶ

ξଷା௜
ϵϯ݅͘‫ ݖ‬ଷ െ ݅ ൌ ξ͵ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ͳ െ ξ͵݅ ฻ ͮdĞŵͲƐĞหͳ െ ξ͵݅ห ൌ ʹĞ൫ͳ െ ξ͵݅൯ ൌ െ
ଶగ

௜ ଷ
ഏ ഏ మೖഏ
௜ቀି ቁ య ௜ቀି ା ቁ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ଷ ൌ ʹ݁ య ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ݁ వ య ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽ
ഏ ഏ
య ௜ቀି ቁ య ௜ቀି ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ݁ వ ͖ŽƌĂ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞξʹ݁ వ ŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͘
ഏ మഏ ఱഏ ఱഏ
௜ቀି ା ቁ ௜
͖ŽƌĂ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞξʹ݁ ௜ వ ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ
య య య
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ͳ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ݁ వ య ൌ ξʹ݁ వ
ƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͘


ഏ రഏ భభഏ భభഏ
௜ቀି ା ቁ
භWĂƌĂ݇ ൌ ʹ ื‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ݁ వ య ൌ ξʹ݁ ௜ వ ͖ŽƌĂ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞξʹ݁ ௜ వ ŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽ
య య య
ƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂƋƵĞůĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ͕ĐƵũŽĂĨŝǆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚ͕Ġ
ఱഏ
య ௜
ξʹ݁ వ ͘

ϵϰ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ͘
ଶ
തതതതതത
‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൫ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ൯ ൌ െʹሺߩ݁ పఈ ሻ ฻ ߩ ଶ ݁ ௜ሺଶఈሻ ൌ െʹߩ݁ ௜ሺିఈሻ ฻ ߩ ଶ ݁ ௜ሺଶఈሻ ൌ ʹߩ݁ ௜ሺగିఈሻ ฻
฻ ߩଶ ൌ ʹߩ ‫ ߙʹ ר‬ൌ ߨ െ ߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߩଶ െ ʹߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ߙ͵ ר‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻

గ ଶ௞గ గ ଶ௞గ
฻ ߩሺߩ െ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ ൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡͳǡʹሽ ฻ ߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬ቀߩ ൌ ʹ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ ൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡͳǡʹሽቁ ฻
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
గ ହగ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ ଷ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ݁ ௜గ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ʹ݁ ௜ ଷ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͳ ൅ ξ͵݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͳ െ ξ͵݅
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅͘ݕ‬
‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻଶ ൅ ʹሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݅ݕݔ‬൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ‫ ݅ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ݔ‬ሻ ൅ ሺʹ‫ ݕݔ‬െ ʹ‫ݕ‬ሻ݅ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൜ ฻൜ ฻
ʹ‫ ݕݔ‬െ ʹ‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ʹ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ
฻൜ ฻൜ ‫ש‬൜ ฻
‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ
‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൌ ͵ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െξ͵ ‫ ݕ ש‬ൌ ξ͵
฻൜ ‫ש‬൜ ฻൜ ‫ש‬൜ ฻
‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ
‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ െξ͵ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ξ͵
฻൜ ‫ש‬൜ ‫ש‬൜ ‫ש‬൜ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͳ െ ξ͵݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ͳ ൅ ξ͵݅
‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ

ϵϱ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ͘
ସ
‫ ݖ‬ସ ൅ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൫ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ൯ ൌ െߩ݁ ௜ఈ ฻ ߩସ ݁ ௜ሺସఈሻ ൌ െߩ݁ ௜ఈ ฻ ߩସ ݁ ௜ሺସఈሻ ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ሺగାఈሻ ฻
฻ ߩସ ൌ ߩ ‫ ר‬Ͷߙ ൌ ߨ ൅ ߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߩସ െ ߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ߙ͵ ר‬ൌ ߨ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
గ ଶ௞గ గ ଶ௞గ
฻ ߩሺߩଷ െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ ൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽ ฻ ߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬ቀߩ ൌ ͳ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ ൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽቁ ฻
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
ഏ ఱഏ
ଵ ξଷ ଵ ξଷ
฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ య ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜గ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ య ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ଶ ൅ ଶ
݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ െ ݅
ଶ ଶ

ϵϲ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ͘
ସ
തതതതതത
‫ ݖ‬ସ െ ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ൫ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ൯ ൌ ߩ݁ పఈ ฻ ߩ ସ ݁ ௜ሺସఈሻ ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ሺିఈሻ ฻ ߩ ସ ൌ ߩ ‫ ר‬Ͷߙ ൌ െߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ଶ௞గ
฻ ߩସ െ ߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬ͷߙ ൌ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߩሺߩଷ െ ͳሻ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡͳǡʹǡ͵ǡͶሽ ฻
ହ
ʹ݇ߨ
฻ ߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬൬ߩ ൌ ͳ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷሽ൰ ฻
ͷ
మഏ రഏ లഏ ఴഏ
฻‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ൈ଴ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ ఱ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ ఱ ‫ ݖש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ ఱ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ݁ ௜ ఱ


WĄŐ͘ϭϲϯ
ϵϳ͘^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ͘

ഏ ଶ ഏ
ሺͳ െ ݅ሻ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ฻ ξʹ݁ ௜ቀି ర ቁ തതതതതത ௜ቀି ିఈቁ
ߩ݁ పఈ ൌ ൫ߩ݁ ௜ఈ ൯ ฻ ξʹߩ݁ ర ൌ ߩଶ ݁ ௜ሺଶఈሻ ฻
గ గ
฻ ξʹߩ ൌ ߩଶ ‫ ר‬െ െ ߙ ൌ ʹߙ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ߩଶ െ ξʹߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ר‬െ͵ߙ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻
ସ ସ
గ ଶ௞గ
฻ ߩ൫ߩ െ ξʹ൯ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ െ ൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽ ฻
ଵଶ ଷ
గ ଶ௞గ
฻ ߩ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ש‬ቀߩ ൌ ξʹ ‫ ߙ ר‬ൌ െ ൅ ǡ݇ ‫ א‬ሼͲǡ ͳǡ ʹሽቁ ฻
ଵଶ ଷ
ഏ ళഏ ఱഏ
௜ቀି ቁ
฻‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ξʹ݁ భమ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ξʹ݁ ௜ భమ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ ξʹ݁ ௜ ర
ഏ ళഏ ఱഏ
௜ቀି ቁ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐŶĆŽŶƵůĂƐƐĆŽξʹ݁ భమ ͕ξʹ݁ ௜ భమ Ğξʹ݁ ௜ ర ͘

ϵϴ͘ĂͿ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ െͶ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െξͶ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ξͶ݅ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െʹ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ݅
ďͿ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ െͻ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െξͻ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ξͻ݅ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െ͵݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͵݅

଺േξଷ଺ିହଶ ଺േξିଵ଺ ଺േସ௜
ĐͿ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳ͵ ൌ ͸‫ ݔ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͸‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳ͵ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͵ െ ʹ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͵ ൅ ʹ݅
ĚͿ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ൅ ʹͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ʹͷሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ ൌ െʹͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െͷ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͷ݅

ĞͿdĞŵͲƐĞ͕ĚĞĂĐŽƌĚŽĐŽŵŽĐĄůĐƵůŽĂƵǆŝůŝĂƌ͕‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ
ͮĄůĐ͘ĂƵǆ͗
ͳ െ͵ Ͷ െʹ
ͳ ͳ െʹ ʹ
ͳ െʹ ʹ Ͳ
‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ െ ͵‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬െ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳሻሺ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹሻ ൌ Ͳ ฻
ଶേξସି଼
฻ ‫ ݔ‬െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ െ ʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ଶ
฻
ଶേξିସ ଶേଶ௜
฻‫ ݔ‬ൌͳ‫ ݔש‬ൌ ฻‫ ݔ‬ൌͳ‫ ݔש‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ͳ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ െ ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͳ ൅ ݅
ଶ ଶ
ିଶଵേξ଼ସଵ ିଶଵേଶଽ
ĨͿ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ ʹͳ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ͳͲͲ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ൅ ʹͳ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ͳͲͲ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ฻ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ െʹͷ ‫ ݔ ש‬ଶ ൌ Ͷ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െͷ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ͷ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ െʹ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ


ସേξଵ଺ିଷଶ ସേξିଵ଺ ସേସ௜
ϵϵ͘ĂͿ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ Ͷ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͺ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ฻‫ݔ‬ൌ ฻
ଶ ଶ ଶ
฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ ʹ െ ʹ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ʹ݅
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĐŽŵŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͕‫ ݖ‬ൌ ʹ ൅ ʹ݅Ğ͕ĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚĞŵĞŶƚĞ͕
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ʹ െ ʹ݅͘

ഏ ഏ
೔ ೔ቀష ቁ ഏ ഏ
௭ ௪ ଶାଶ௜ ଶିଶ௜ ଵା௜ ଵି௜ ξଶ௘ ర ξଶ௘ ర ௜ቀି ቁ
ďͿ ൅ ൌ ൅ ൌ ൅ ൌ ഏ ൅ ഏ ൌ ݁௜మ ൅ ݁ మ ൌ ݅ ൅ ሺെ݅ሻ ൌ Ͳ
௪ ௭ ଶିଶ௜ ଶାଶ௜ ଵି௜ ଵା௜ ೔ቀష ቁ ೔
ξଶ௘ ర ξଶ௘ ర
ഏ ௡ ௡ ೙ഏ
௡గ
ĐͿ‫ ݖ‬௡ ‫ א‬Թ ฻ ቀξʹ݁ ௜ ర ቁ ‫ א‬Թ ฻ ξʹ ݁ ௜ ర ‫ א‬Թ ฻ ൌ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ ฻ ݊ ൌ Ͷ݇ǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ
ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽŵĞŶŽƌǀĂůŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůĚĞ݊ĠͶ͘

‫ݖ‬൅‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͺ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͺ െ ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͺ െ ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͺ െ ‫ݖ‬
ϭϬϬ͘ቄ ฻൜ ฻ቄ ଶ ฻ቄ ଶ ฻
‫ ݓݖ‬ൌ ʹͷ ‫ݖ‬ሺͺ െ ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ʹͷ െ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͺ‫ ݖ‬െ ʹͷ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݖ‬െ ͺ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹͷ ൌ Ͳ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ͺ െ ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌͺെ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌͺെ‫ݖ‬ ‫ ݓ‬ൌͺെ‫ݖ‬
฻ቊ ଼േξିଷ଺ ฻ቊ ଼േ଺௜ ฻ ቄ ‫ש‬ቄ ฻
‫ݖ‬ൌ ‫ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͷ െ ͵݅ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͵݅
ଶ ଶ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͵݅ ‫ ݓ‬ൌ Ͷ െ ͵݅
฻ቄ ‫ש‬ቄ
‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͷ െ ͵݅ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͵݅
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐĆŽͶ െ ͵݅ĞͶ ൅ ͵݅͘
ĞŽƵƚƌŽŵŽĚŽ͕ƚĞŶĚŽĞŵĐŽŶƚĂĂŶŽƚĂĚĂƉĄŐŝŶĂϭϱϭ͗
KƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƉƌŽĐƵƌĂĚŽƐƐĆŽĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐĚĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ͺ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹͷ ൌ Ͳ
଼േξିଷ଺ ଼േ଺௜
KƌĂ͕‫ ݖ‬ଶ െ ͺ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹͷ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ଶ
฻‫ݖ‬ൌ ฻ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ Ͷ െ ͵݅ ‫ ݖ ש‬ൌ Ͷ ൅ ͵݅͘
ଶ



WĄŐ͘ϭϲϰ
ϭϬϭ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂŵ‫ݖ‬ଵ ൌ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅Ğ‫ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ܿ ൅ ݀݅͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗‫ݖ‬ଵ ‫ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ሺܽ ൅ ܾ݅ሻሺܿ ൅ ݀݅ሻ ൌ ܽܿ െ ܾ݀ ൅ ሺܽ݀ ൅ ܾܿሻ݅͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ሺ‫ݖ‬ଵ ‫ݖ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ሺ‫ݖ‬ଵ ሻሺ‫ݖ‬ଶ ሻ ฻ ܽܿ െ ܾ݀ ൌ ܽܿ ฻ ܾ݀ ൌ Ͳ ฻ ܾ ൌ Ͳ ‫ ݀ ש‬ൌ Ͳ ฻
฻ ‫ݖ‬ଵ ‫ א‬Թ ‫ݖ ש‬ଶ ‫ א‬Թ

ϭϬϮ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅͘
ሺ݅‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ െሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ฻ ሺܽ݅ െ ܾሻ ൌ െܾ ฻ െܾ ൌ െܾ͕ƋƵĞĠƵŵĂƉƌŽƉŽƐŝĕĆŽǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘

ϭϬϯ͘;Ϳ
ሺͳ െ ݅ሻଶ ൌ ͳ െ ʹ݅ െ ͳ ൌ െʹ݅

ϭϬϰ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ܾ݅ǡ ܾ ് Ͳ͘
ͳ ൅ ܾଓ ൌ ͳ െ ܾ݅ ൌ ͳ ൅ ‫ݖ‬ҧ

ϭϬϱ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ଶିଶ௜ ଶିଶ௜ ଵ ଵ
ൌ ሺଶାଶ௜ሻሺଶିଶ௜ሻ ൌ ൌ െ ݅
ଶାଶ௜ ଼ ସ ସ

ϭϬϲ͘;Ϳ
௭ ௫ା௬௜ ሺ௫ା௬௜ሻሺଵି௜ሻ ௫ି௫௜ା௬௜ା௬ ௫ା௬ ି௫ା௬
භ ൌ ൌ ሺଵା௜ሻሺଵି௜ሻ
ൌ ൌ ൅ ͖݅ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠĨĂůƐĂ͘
௪ ଵା௜ ଶ ଶ ଶ
භ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻଶ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ൅ ʹ‫͖݅ݕݔ‬ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠĨĂůƐĂ͘

භ‫ ݓݖ‬ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫݅ݕ‬ሻሺͳ ൅ ݅ሻ ൌ ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݅ݔ‬൅ ‫ ݅ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ሺ‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ݕ‬ሻ ൅ ሺ‫ ݔ‬൅ ‫ݕ‬ሻ͖݅ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;ͿĠ
ǀĞƌĚĂĚĞŝƌĂ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϱ
ϭϬϳ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ ݓ‬ൌ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݓ‬൅ ‫ݓ‬ഥ ൌ ሺܽ ൅ ܾ݅ሻ ൅ ሺܽ െ ܾ݅ሻ ൌ ʹ͖ܽƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ ݓ‬൅ ‫ݓ‬
ഥƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽĞŝǆŽƌĞĂů͘


ϭϬϴ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݓ‬െ ‫ݓ‬ ഥ ൌ ሺܽ ൅ ܾ݅ሻ െ ሺܽ െ ܾ݅ሻ ൌ ʹܾ͖݅ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ ݓ‬൅ ‫ݓ‬
ഥƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽĞŝǆŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽ͘

ϭϬϵ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݓݓ‬ ഥ ൌ ሺܽ ൅ ܾ݅ሻሺܽ െ ܾ݅ሻ ൌ ܽଶ െ ሺܾ݅ሻଶ ൌ ܽଶ ൅ ܾ ଶ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݓݓ‬
ഥƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽ
ƐĞŵŝĞŝǆŽƌĞĂůƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͘

ϭϭϬ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ ݓ‬ൌ െ͕ܽܽ ‫ א‬Թା ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൌ ‫ ݓ‬฻ ‫ ݔ‬ൌ െξܽ݅ ‫ ݔ ש‬ൌ ξ͖ܽ݅ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƐĂĨŝǆŽƐĚĂƐƌĂşǌĞƐƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐĚĞ‫ݓ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵ
ĂŽĞŝǆŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϲ
ϭϭϭ͘;Ϳ
݅ ହ ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ݅‫͕ݖ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ݅ ହ ‫͕ݖ‬ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ŽƉŽŶƚŽܲĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĞ
గ
ĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ ͘
ଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƐſƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŽƉŽŶƚŽܵ͘

ϭϭϮ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ܽ ൅ ܾ݅͘
dĞŵͲƐĞሺ݅‫ݖ‬ሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ሺܽ݅ െ ܾሻ ൐ Ͳ ฻ െܾ ൐ Ͳ ฻ ܾ ൏ Ͳ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽ
ƚĞƌĐĞŝƌŽŽƵĂŽƋƵĂƌƚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͘

ϭϭϯ͘;Ϳ
଻గ
භ^Ğߙ ൌ ʹߨ͕ƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬Ġ ͖ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕‫ݖ‬ŶĆŽĠƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ଷ
గ
භ^Ğߙ ൌ െ ͕ƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ĠͲ͖ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕‫ݖ‬ŶĆŽĠƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ଷ
ସగ
භ^Ğߙ ൌ ߨ͕ƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬Ġ ͖ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕‫ݖ‬ŶĆŽĠƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ଷ
ଶగ
භ^Ğߙ ൌ ͕ƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬Ġߨ͖ŶĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ͕‫ݖ‬ĠƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůŶĞŐĂƚŝǀŽ͘
ଷ

ϭϭϰ͘;Ϳ
භ݅ ଷ ൌ െ͖݅ŽƌĂ͕െ݅ĠƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽƉƵƌŽ͘
௘ ೔ഏ ଵ ଵ
භ ଶ ൌ െ ͖ŽƌĂ͕െ ŶĆŽĠƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽƉƵƌŽ͘
ଶ ଶ

ϭϭϱ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ఏ ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͵‫ ݖ‬ൌ ͵ߩ݁ ௜ఏ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽߠĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ͵‫͘ݖ‬


ϭϭϲ͘;Ϳ
యഏ
^ĞũĂ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ ఱ ͘
యഏ యഏ ళഏ
௜ቀି ቁ ௜ቀି ାଶగቁ ଻గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ݖ‬ҧ ൌ ߩ݁ ఱ ൌ ߩ݁ ఱ ൌ ߩ݁ ௜ ఱ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ ĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ҧ͘
ହ

ϭϭϳ͘;Ϳ
గ గ ଺గ
ሺെ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ െ ฻ ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ െ ൅ ߨ ฻ ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ
଻ ଻ ଻

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϳ
ϭϭϴ͘;Ϳ
ĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽ/ĠĨĂůƐĂƉŽŝƐ͕ƐĞߙĠĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫͕ݖ‬െߙĠĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ҧĞŶĆŽĚĞെ‫͘ݖ‬
ଷగ
ĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽ//ĠĨĂůƐĂƉŽŝƐ͕ƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ܽ ൌ െͳ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݓ‬ൌ െͳ ൅ ͕݅ĐĂƐŽĞŵƋƵĞሺ‫ݓ‬ሻ ൌ ͘
ସ

ϭϭϵ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ݅‫ ݖ‬ൌ ݅ሺͷ െ ʹ݅ሻ ൌ ͷ݅ ൅ ʹ ൌ ‫͕ݓ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݓ‬ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽ
గ గ
ĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞଶ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݓ‬ƉŽĚĞƐĞƌߙ ൅ ଶ ͘

ϭϮϬ͘;Ϳ
KĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݓ‬ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂŚŽŵŽƚĞƚŝĂĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞƌĂǌĆŽ͵ǡ
ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŵĞƐŵŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞĚŽƋƵĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫͘ݖ‬

ϭϮϭ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݅ʹݖ‬ଽ ൌ ʹ‫͕݅ݖ‬ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ ݅ʹݖ‬ଽ ĠĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞůĂƌŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂ
గ
ŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞĂŵƉůŝƚƵĚĞ ĐŽŵƉŽƐƚĂĐŽŵĂŚŽŵŽƚĞƚŝĂĚĞĐĞŶƚƌŽŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞ
ଶ
ƌĂǌĆŽʹ͘
KƌĂ͕ĂŝŵĂŐĞŵĚĞܼƉŽƌŵĞŝŽĚĞƐƚĂƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂĕĆŽŐĞŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂƐſƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŽƉŽŶƚŽܳ͘

ϭϮϮ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂߙƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫͘ݖ‬
dĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ݓݖ‬Ġߙ ൅ ߠ͘
ହగ
ߨ൏ߙ൏ గ ହగ ଷగ ଷగ
ସ
KƌĂ͕ቐ గ ଷగ ฺߨ൅ ൏ߙ൅ߠ ൏ ൅ ฻ ൏ ߙ ൅ ߠ ൏ ʹߨ
ଶ ସ ସ ଶ
൏ߠ൏
ଶ ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݓݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƋƵĂƌƚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞ͘


WĄŐ͘ϭϲϴ
ϭϮϯ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ߙĞሺ‫ݓ‬ሻ ൌ ߚ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݓݖ‬ൌ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁȁ‫ݓ‬ȁ݁ ௜ሺఈାఉሻ͘
గ ଷగ
൑ߙ൑ గ
ଶ ସ
KƌĂ͕൝ గ ฺ ଶ ൑ ߙ ൅ ߚ ൑ ߨ
Ͳ൑ߚ൑
ସ
గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ߙ ൅ ߚ ൌ ሺ‫ݓݖ‬ሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞଶ ൑ ሺ‫ݓݖ‬ሻ ൑ ߨ͘

ϭϮϰ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ߙĞሺ‫ݓ‬ሻ ൌ ߚ͘
௭ ȁ௭ȁ ௭
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ ȁ௪ȁ ݁ ௜ሺఈିఉሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞߙ െ ߚĠƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ ͘
௪ ௪
గ గ
൑ߙ൑ߨ ൑ ߙ ൑ ߨ గ
ଶ ଶ
KƌĂ͕൝ గ ฻൝ గ ฺ ൑ ߙ െ ߚ ൑ ߨ
Ͳ൑ߚ൑ െ ൑ െߚ ൑ Ͳ ସ
ସ ସ

ϭϮϱ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ȁ‫ݖ‬ȁଶ ݁ ௜ሺଶఏሻ ͘ĨŝŐƵƌĂĂŽůĂĚŽƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞ
ŝůƵƐƚƌĂƌĂƐŝƚƵĂĕĆŽĚĞƐĐƌŝƚĂ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ܱܣ‬෠‫ ܤ‬ൌ ߠ͘

ϭϮϲ͘;Ϳ
ഏ ഏ
೔ ೔
௭ ௜ ξଶ ξଶ௘ మ ξଶ௘ మ ଵ ௜ቀିഏቁ ଵ ௜ቀିഏାଶగቁ ଵ ళഏ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ሺ௭ మሻయ ൌ ሺଵା௜ሻయ ൌ ഏ య
ൌ యഏ ൌ ݁ ర ൌ ݁ ర ൌ ݁ ௜ ర
భ ೔ ೔ ଶ ଶ ଶ
൬ξଶ௘ ర ൰ ଶξଶ௘ ర

ϭϮϳ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂߙƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫͘ݖ‬dĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫ ݖ‬ଶ Ġʹߙ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ ݖ‬ଶ ƐſƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŽƉŽŶƚŽܳ͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϲϵ
ϭϮϴ͘;Ϳ
೔ഏ ଶ ೔ഏ ഏ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξͷ݁ ௜ఈ ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕݅‫ ݖ‬ଶ ൌ ݁ మ ൫ξͷ݁ ௜ఈ ൯ ൌ ݁ మ ൣͷ݁ ௜ሺଶఈሻ ൧ ൌ ͷ݁ ௜ሺଶఈା మ ሻ ͘

ϭϮϵ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ݁ ௜ఈ ͘
ଵ ଵ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ǀĞŵ͗‫ ݖ‬௡ ൅ ௭೙ ൌ ݁ ௜ሺ௡ఈሻ ൅ ௘ ೔ሺ೙ഀሻ ൌ ݁ ௜ሺ௡ఈሻ ൅ ݁ ௜ሺି௡ఈሻ ൌ
ൌ ሺ݊ߙሻ ൅ ݅ ሺ݊ߙሻ ൅ ሺെ݊ߙሻ ൅ ݅ ሺെ݊ߙሻ ൌ
ൌ ሺ݊ߙሻ ൅ ݅ ሺ݊ߙሻ ൅ ሺ݊ߙሻ െ ݅ ሺ݊ߙሻ ൌ ʹ ሺ݊ߙሻ


ϭϯϬ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂ‫ݓ‬ĂƌĂşǌĐƷďŝĐĂĚĞ‫ݖ‬ĂƋƵĞƐĞƌĞĨĞƌĞŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽ͘^ĞũĂߙƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫͘ݓ‬
ହగ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ‫ ݓ‬ଷ ൌ ȁ‫ݓ‬ȁଷ ݁ ௜ሺଷఈሻ͕ĐŽŵ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ߨ ൑ ߙ ൑ ͘
ସ
ହగ ଵହగ
KƌĂ͕ߨ ൑ ߙ ൑ ସ ฻ ͵ߨ ൑ ͵ߙ ൑ ସ ͘
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĚĞƌŐĂŶĚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŶĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘

ϭϯϭ͘;Ϳ
଻గ గ ଷగ గ గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ െ ൌ ൌ ͘KƌĂ͕ʹߨ ൊ ൌ ͺ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ‫ݖ‬ଵ Ğ‫ݖ‬ଶ ƐĆŽĚƵĂƐƌĂşǌĞƐĚĞşŶĚŝĐĞͺĚĞ‫͘ݓ‬
ଵଶ ଷ ଵଶ ସ ସ
ഏ ଼ ఴഏ మഏ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݓ‬ൌ ሺ‫ݖ‬ଵ ሻ଼ ൌ ቀξʹ݁ ቁ ൌ ʹସ ݁ ௜ య ൌ ͳ͸݁ ௜ య ͘
௜
య

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϬ
ϭϯϮ͘;Ϳ
^ĞũĂߙƵŵĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞ‫͘ݓ‬
గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݓ‬ଶ ൌ ȁ‫ݓ‬ȁଶ ݁ ௜ሺଶఈሻ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ͕ĐŽŵŽሺ‫ ݓ‬ଶ ሻ ൌ ͕ƉŽĚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌͲƐĞƋƵĞ
଺
గ గ
ʹߙ ൌ ൅ ʹ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ߙ ൌ ൅ ݇ߨǡ ݇ ‫ א‬Ժ͘
଺ ଵଶ
గ
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ݇ ൌ Ͳ͕ŽďƚĠŵͲƐĞߙ ൌ ͘
ଵଶ

ϭϯϯ͘;Ϳ
ఱഏ
ିξଷା௜ ξଷ ଵ ହగ ହగ ଻గ ହగ ଶగ గ
dĞŵͲƐĞ ൌ െ ଶ ൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ݅ ൌ ݁ ௜ ల Ğ െ ൌ ൌ ͘
ଶ ଶ ଺ ଺ ଺ ଺ ଺ ଷ
ఱഏ
గ ିξଷା௜ ௜
KƌĂ͕ʹߨ ‫ ׷‬ൌ ͸͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ Ğ݁ ƐĆŽĚƵĂƐƌĂşǌĞƐĚĞşŶĚŝĐĞ͸ĚĞ‫͘ݓ‬
ల
ଷ ଶ
ఱഏ ଺
௜ ௜ሺହగሻ ௜గ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕‫ ݓ‬ൌ ቀ݁ ల ቁ ൌ݁ ൌ݁ ൌ െͳ͘

ϭϯϰ͘;Ϳ
ഏ
గ గ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ݁ ௜ య ൌ ൅ ݅
ଷ ଷ
మഏ
ଶగ ଶగ గ గ
‫ ݓ‬ଶ ൌ ݁ ௜ య ൌ ൅ ݅ ൌ െ ൅ ݅
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
యഏ
‫ ݓ‬ଷ ൌ ݁ ௜ య ൌ ݁ ௜గ ൌ െͳ
రഏ
ସగ ସగ గ గ
‫ ݓ‬ସ ൌ ݁ ௜ య ൌ ଷ
൅ ݅
ଷ
ൌ െ െ ݅ ൌ െ‫ݓ‬
ଷ ଷ
ఱഏ
ହగ ହగ గ గ
‫ݓ‬ହ ൌ ݁௜ య ൌ ൌ െ ݅ ൌ െ‫ ݓ‬ଶ
൅ ݅
ଷ ଷ ଷ ଷ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ͳ ൅ ‫ ݓ‬൅ ‫ ݓ‬൅ ‫ ݓ‬൅ ‫ ݓ‬ସ ൅ ‫ ݓ‬ହ ൌ ͳ ൅ ‫ ݓ‬൅ ‫ ݓ‬ଶ െ ͳ െ ‫ ݓ‬െ ‫ ݓ‬ଶ ൌ Ͳ͘
ଶ ଷ

ϭϯϱ͘;Ϳ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
භฬ ೔
ഏ ฬ ൌ ଶ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ ೔
ഏ ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽĐşƌĐƵůŽ͘
ଶ௘ ర ଶ௘ ర
തതതതതത
ప
ഏ തതതതതത
ప
ഏ
භฬʹ݁ ర ฬ ൌ ʹ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞʹ݁ ర ŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽĐşƌĐƵůŽ͘


ϭϯϲ͘;Ϳ
గ ξଶ
dĞŵͲƐĞ‫ ݖ‬ൌ ξʹ ൅ ݅ ൌ ξʹ ൅ ݅Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
ସ ଶ
ଵ ହ
භȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൌ ටʹ ൅ ൌ ට ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌĚĂƐƌĞŐŝƁĞƐĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ
ଶ ଶ
ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉĞůĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĚĂƐŽƉĕƁĞƐ;ͿĞ;Ϳ͘
ξమ
ଵ
භሾሺ‫ݖ‬ሻሿ ൌ మ
ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞŽĂĨŝǆŽĚĞ‫ݖ‬ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂ
ξଶ ଶ
ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĚĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘

ϭϯϳ͘;Ϳ
dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵ͗
గ
භĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ĚĞĨŝŶĞŽƐĞŵŝĞŝǆŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͘
ଶ
භĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൌ ͲĚĞĨŝŶĞĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂů͘
භĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ݅ȁ ൌ ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ݅ȁĚĞĨŝŶĞŽĞŝǆŽƌĞĂů͘

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϭ
ϭϯϴ͘;Ϳ
භĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳȁ ൑ ͵ĚĞĨŝŶĞŽĐşƌĐƵůŽ͕ŝŶĐůƵŝŶĚŽĂĨƌŽŶƚĞŝƌĂ͕ĐŽŵĐĞŶƚƌŽĞŵሺെͳǡ ͲሻĞƌĂŝŽ͵͘
గ గ గ గ
භȁሺ‫ݖ‬ሻȁ ൌ ฻ ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ െ ‫ ש‬ሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁሺ‫ݖ‬ሻȁ ൌ ĚĞĨŝŶĞĂƐďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĞƐ
ସ ସ ସ ସ
ĚŽƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽĞĚŽƋƵĂƌƚŽƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞƐ͘
භȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹ݅ȁ ൌ ȁͳ ൅ ݅ȁ ฻ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ሺെʹ݅ሻȁ ൌ ξʹ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ʹ݅ȁ ൌ ȁͳ ൅ ݅ȁĚĞĨŝŶĞĂ
ĐŝƌĐƵŶĨĞƌġŶĐŝĂĐŽŵĐĞŶƚƌŽĞŵሺͲǡ െʹሻĞƌĂŝŽξʹ͘

ϭϯϵ͘;Ϳ
භĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͵݅ȁ ൒ ͶƉŽĚĞƐĞƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŐƌĂĨŝĐĂŵĞŶƚĞƉŽƌ͗
గ

භĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽͲ ൑ ሺ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳሻ ൑ ƉŽĚĞƐĞƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŐƌĂĨŝĐĂŵĞŶƚĞƉŽƌ͗
ସ

WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĐŽŶũƵŶĕĆŽĚĂƐĚƵĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐƉŽĚĞƐĞƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŐƌĂĨŝĐĂŵĞŶƚĞƉĞůĂƌĞŐŝĆŽ
ĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŶĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘


ϭϰϬ͘;Ϳ
ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ͳȁ ൌ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ݅ȁĚĞĨŝŶĞĂƌĞƚĂ‫͕ݐ‬ƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂƐďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĞƐĚŽƐƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞƐƉĂƌĞƐ͘
గ
භĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ĚĞĨŝŶĞƵŵĂƌĞƚĂƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌĂŽĞŝǆŽƌĞĂů͕ƌĞƚĂƋƵĞŶĆŽĠƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌĂ‫͘ݐ‬
ସ
గ
භĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൌ ĚĞĨŝŶĞƵŵĂƌĞƚĂƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌĂŽĞŝǆŽŝŵĂŐŝŶĄƌŝŽ͕ƌĞƚĂƋƵĞŶĆŽĠ
ସ
ƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌĂ‫͘ݐ‬
භĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳȁ ൌ ȁ‫ ݖ‬൅ ݅ȁĚĞĨŝŶĞĂƌĞƚĂ‫͘ݐ‬
භĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽȁ‫ݖ‬ȁ ൌ ȁ‫ ݖ‬െ ͳ ൅ ݅ȁĚĞĨŝŶĞĂŵĞĚŝĂƚƌŝǌĚŽƐĞŐŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƌĞƚĂĐƵũŽƐĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƐĆŽĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽ
ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂůĞŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐሺͳǡ െͳሻ͕ƌĞƚĂƋƵĞĠƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌĂ‫͘ݐ‬

ϭϰϭ͘;Ϳ
ഏ
గ గ ξଷ ଵ ξ଺ ξଶ
‫ ݓ‬ൌ ξʹ݁ ௜ ల ൌ ξʹ ቀ ൅ ݅ ቁ ൌ ξʹ ቀ ൅ ݅ቁ ൌ ൅ ݅
଺ ଺ ଶ ଶ ଶ ଶ
ξଶ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ሺ‫ݓ‬ሻ ൌ ଶ
൏ ξʹ͕ŽƋƵĞĞǆĐůƵŝĂŽƉĕĆŽ;Ϳ͘
ξ͸ ξʹ ξ͸ ξʹ ൅ ʹ
‫ݓ‬൅݅ ൌ ൅ ቆ ൅ ͳቇ ݅ ൅ ݅ ൌ ൅ ݅
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
ξ଺
ŶƚĆŽ͕ሺ‫ ݓ‬൅ ݅ሻ ൌ ൎ ͳǡʹʹĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ሺ‫ ݓ‬൅ ݅ሻ ൏ ʹ͘
ଶ

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϮ
ϭϰϮ͘;Ϳ
ƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐŽůŽƌŝĚĂŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽĠŝŐƵĂůĂŽĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĐŽŵƵŶƐăƐĚƵĂƐ
ƌĞŐŝƁĞƐĚŽƉůĂŶŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂƐŶĂƐĨŝŐƵƌĂƐĂďĂŝǆŽ͘
ƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽሺ‫ݖ‬ሻ ൒ ͵͕ŽƋƵĞĠĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚĞĂ

ሺ‫ ݖ‬െ ʹ݅ሻ ൒ ͳ͘

గ
ƐƚĂƌĞŐŝĆŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽͲ ൑ ሺ‫ ݖ‬െ ݅ሻ ൑ ͘
ସ
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞŐŝĆŽĚŽƉůĂŶŽĐŽůŽƌŝĚĂŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂĚŽĞŶƵŶĐŝĂĚŽƉŽĚĞƐĞƌĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĞůĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ
గ
ሺ‫ ݖ‬െ ʹ݅ሻ ൒ ͳ ‫ Ͳ ר‬൑ ሺ‫ ݖ‬െ ݅ሻ ൑ ସ ͘

ϭϰϯ͘
ĂͿ! ~ ¯ ! ~
ďͿ c ! b ~ ¯ ! b ~ ¯ ! ~ c
ĐͿ! c ! ~ w ! £ ¯ !! c ~ w ! £ ¯ ! ~ v ! ~ w ! £ ¯ ! ~
ĚͿ! ~ c ¯ ! ~ c ¯ c ! ~ c ¯ ! ~ ¯ ! ~ c v ! ~
ĞͿsen! w cos ! ~ ¯ ! ~
b
ϭϰϰ͘ c cos²%³ ~ ¯ cos²%³ ~

¯ % ~ f
b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ f
b Á {
ϭϰϱ͘' éimagináriopuro ¬ c cos % ~ ¬ cos % ~ ¬

¬ cos % ~ ¬ cos % ~ ¬

¬ b tg % ~ ¬ tg % ~ ¬ c tg % ~ ¬ ' éreal
ϭϰϲ͘
ĂͿ' b ~ ¯ ' ~ c ¯ ' ~ f j

fjc
fjc
ďͿ' c ' b ~ ¯ ' ~ ¯'~ ¯
¯'~ fj
¯ ' ~ f j
ĐͿ% c ~ ¯ ²% c ³²% b ³ ~ ¯ % ~ v % ~ c ¯
¯ % ~ f v % ~ f
ĚͿ%:% c b ; ~ ¯ % ~ v % c b ~ ¯
¯ % ~ v % c ~ c ¯
¯%~v%c~ f¯%~v%~f
ĞͿ' b ' ~ ¯ '²' b ³ ~ ¯ ' ~ v ' ~ c ¯ ' ~ v ' ~ f j
ĨͿ' c b ~ ¯ ' c ~ c ¯ ' c ~ f ¯ ' ~ f
ŐͿComo c éumzerodopolinómio% b % b ,esteédivisívelpor% b .

Façamosadivisão,utilizandoaregradeRuffini:

c c c
c
Portanto,% b % b ~ ¯ ²% b ³²% c % b ³ ~ ¯ % b ~ v % c % b ~ .

fj
cdd fjc
¯%~ cv%~ ¯%~ cv%~ ¯

f

¯%~ cv%~ ¯ %~ c v % ~ f

WĄŐ͘ϭϳϯ
ϭϰϳ͘
ĂͿ²% b ³ b ²& c ³ ~ c ¯ % b ~ w & c ~ c ¯ % ~

w& ~
ďͿ²% c & b ³ b ²& c %³ ~ ¯ % c & b ~ w & c % ~ ¯
¯ & ~ % b w % b c % ~ ¯ % ~ w & ~
ϭϰϴ͘
ĂͿ b ² c ³ c ² b ³ ~ b

c c ² b b ³ ~ b
b c ² b c ³ ~
~ b
c ² c b ³ ~ b
b c ³ ~ b
ďͿ² c ³ c ~ c c c ~ c c c ~ c b c ~ c
ĐͿ4j c 5 4 c j 5 ~ 4 c j b 54 c j b 5 ~

~ 4 c j 54 c c j 5 ~ 4 c c j 54 c j 5 ~
~ c 4 b j 54 c j 5 ~ c > c 4j 5 ? ~ c ² c ³ ~ c ² b ³ ~ c

ĚͿ4j b 5 d 2 c 3 ~ 4j c 5 d c c ~ c j c j b b ~
~ c j c b 4 c j5
ĞͿcos % b sen % ~ cos % b cos % sen % b sen % ~ cos % c sen % b cos % sen % ~
~ cos% b sen%
ϭϰϵ͘
ĂͿ² b %³ c ²& b ³ ~ c ¯ b % c & c ~ c ¯ c & b % c ~ c ¯
¯ c& ~w%c~ c ¯%~ cw& ~

b %& b
& c & b
&b b%&b%
ďͿ & b %
c ~ c ¯ ~ c ¯ & c ~ c ¯
&c%b b%& &c% b%&
¯ & b ~ c ¯ & b ~w & b ~ c¯
¯ & c % ~ & b
w b %& ~ c & c ¯
¯ c % ~ c & b & b
w b %& ~ c & c ¯
&c& c
¯%~ w b %& ~ c & c ¯

&c& c
&c& c
¯%~ w b d & ~ c & c ¯

&c& c
& c& c
&
¯%~ w b ~ c & c ¯

&c& c
¯%~ w b & c & c

& ~ c & c ¯
&c& c
¯%~ w c & b & c

& b ~ ¯
&c& c
¯%~ w & c & b & c ~ ¯

&c& c
¯%~ w & ²& c ³ b ²& c ³ ~ ¯

&c& c
¯%~ w ²& c ³²& b ³ ~ ¯
¯%~ &c& c
w & c ~ v
& b ~ ¯%~ &c& c
w &~¯
Impossívelems
c
c
¯%~ w & ~ ¯ % ~ c w & ~

ĐͿ% b b ²& b ³ ~ ² c ³ ¯ % b b ²& b ³ ~ c ¯
¯ % b b ²& b ³ ~ b ¯ % b ~ w & b ~ ¯ % ~ f w & ~ c
ĚͿ% c ² c &³ ~ c ¯ % c %& c b & ~ c ¯
¯ % c & c ²%& b ³ ~ c ¯ % c & ~ w %& b ~ ¯
¯ & ~ % c w %& b ~ ¯ & ~ % c w % % c b ~ ¯
¯ & ~ % c w % c % c ~ ¯ & ~ % c w % ~ c , v % ~ ¯
¯ & ~ % c w % ~ c , v & ~ % c w % ~ ¯
¯ % ~ c , w & ~ c v % ~ w & ~

ϭϱϬ͘' b $ ~ c b c ~ b b ² c c ³
' $ ~ c c ~ c c
b ~ c b ² c c
³
' b $éumnúmeroreal ¯ c c ~ ¯ ~ c
'$éumnúmeroimagináriopuro ¯ c ~ w c c
£ 0 ¯
¯ 9 b ~ w
c
£ 0 ¯ ~ c
Portanto, ~ c w ~ c .
ϭϱϭ͘Seja' ~ % b &.TemͲse' ~ % c &.Portanto,' b ' ~ %.

ĂͿ% ~
¯ % ~ ,peloque' ~ b &Á & s.
ďͿ% ~ c ¯ % ~ c ,peloque' ~ c b &Á & s.
ϭϱϮ͘Seja' ~ b .TemͲse c c ~ c ² b ³ ~ c O'O .

Como b £ ,temͲseO'O £ ,peloque' £ .
Portanto,pretendeͲseencontraroscomplexos$taisque$' ~ c O'O .
TemͲse:$' ~ c O'O ¯ $ ~ c ' d O'O ¯ $ ~ c O'O' d O'O ¯ $ ~ c ' ¯
¯ $ ~ c ² c ³ ¯ $ ~ c b
Portanto,aexpressãopedidaé c b .
ϭϱϯ͘
²b³ b
ĂͿ c

~ ²c³²b³ ~ c ~ cb
~ cb

ďͿ c
b ~c c
²b³²c³ ~c c
c ~c c
~c
b
~ c
b

ĐͿ c cbcc
c cc cc
c ~ ²c³ c ~ cc ~ cb b ~ c
ĚͿ b b
c

c
c

~ b
b ~ b
~ ~ ~ c
ĞͿ
cc
b
c~ bc
c

c c~ b

c c~ ²
b³
²c³ c~

b b
c b

b
b
bb b
~ c c~ c~ c~ c ~ b c ~ b
ĨͿ b
c
cb b

~ bc
c
b c
²c³ ~ c
c c~ c
c c~ c
b
c~

~ c c
bcb
cccb
c
bcb
ŐͿ c
b

~ b
cb ~ b
cc ~ ~ b
~ cb
~

~ c b
WĄŐ͘ϭϳϰ
ϭϱϰ͘' ~ % b ~ % b % b ~ % c b %
Portanto,' éimagináriopuroseesóse% c ~ w % £ ¯ % ~ v % ~ c .
%bc& %b&bc%&
b&c&
' %b %c%&bb& %b& c%&
$ ~ b& ~ ~ b& ~ b& ~ b& b b&
Portanto,' éimagináriopuroseesóse% b & ~ w c %& £ .

Se% ~ ,vem: b & ~ w c & £ ,dondevem& ~ c .
Se% ~ c ,vem: c b & ~ w b & £ ,dondevem& ~ .
Portanto,temͲse% ~ w & ~ c v % ~ c w & ~ .
ϭϱϱ͘
b
cb
b
ĂͿ c c
c ~ c c ~ c c c ~ c c cb
~
cb
~ c c
~ c b
c
~
c

² b ³ ² c ³ bc b
c cc b
c
ďͿ c b ~ c c ~ c c ~ b
c c ~ ~
cbcb cc
~ c ~ ~ c c
ĐͿ' ~ bc
c c
b ~ ~ ~ c
' b '
~ c ' b '
c ~ c ' c ' ~ c 2 c
3 c 2 c
3 ~

~ c c c b ~ c
ĚͿ c b

bb b ~
bc
c
b b ~ c
b b ~ c c
bc b ~
cc b c c
~ c b ~ b ~ c c b ~ c c

c
cb
cccb

c

ĞͿ cbc
b c b ~
ccc
c ~ c

cc ~ ~ c ~
b

~ b
ϭϱϲ͘
ĂͿ' ~ 'b
c ¯ '² c ³ ~ ' b ¯ ' c ' ~ ' b ¯ ' b ' ~ ' b ¯
c bc c
c c c c
¯ ' c ' ~ ¯ '² c ³ ~ ¯ ' ~ c ¯'~ ¯'~ ¯

¯'~ c c
' ' fjc
ďͿ b ' ~ ¯ cb' ~ ¯ c b ' ~ ' ¯ ' c ' b ~ ¯ ' ~ ¯
fjc f
¯'~ ¯'~ ¯' ~b v ' ~c
ĐͿ' ~ c ¯ ²% b &³ ~ c ¯ % b %& b & ~ c ¯ % c & b %& ~ c ¯
¯ % c & ~ w %& ~ c ¯ ²% b &³²% c &³ ~ w %& ~ c ¯
¯ % ~ c & v % ~ & w %& ~ c ¯ % ~ c & w %& ~ c v % ~ & w %& ~ c ¯

p s
r
¯ % ~ c & w c & ~ c v % ~ & w

u ¯ % ~ c & w c & ~ c ¯
q Impossívelemst
& ~ c
¯ % ~ c & w & ~ ¯ % ~ c & w 4& ~ c j v & ~ j5 ¯
¯ 4% ~ j w & ~ c j5 v 4% ~ c j w & ~ j5
Portanto,' ~ j c j v ' ~ c j b j .
ϭϱϳ͘TemͲse,porexemplo:

TemͲse:' ~ b ,' ~ c , c ' ~ c c , c ' ~ c b
ĂͿOO ~ O O w £
ďͿOO d OO ~ ¯ OO ~ ,

ĐͿOO b OO ~ ¯ OO b OO ~
bb cbb
cb
bbb
ϭϱϴ͘ '
$ ~ b
c ~ ~ c ~ ~ c
b b

ĂͿOafixode $' pertenceaoeixoimaginárioseesóse c ~ Á ouseja, ~ .
ďͿOafixode $' pertenceàbissetrizdosquadantesparesseesóse c

~ c b
.
TemͲse c
~ c b ¯ c ~ c c ¯ ~ .

ϭϱϵ͘Nafiguraestárepresentadaumasoluçãodoproblema.

TemͲse+ ~ ( b )* .Ora,)* ~ * c ) ~ ²Á c ³ c ² c Á c ³ ~ ²Á c ³.
Portanto,+ ~ ( b )* ~ ²Á ³ b ²Á c ³ ~ ²
Á c ³.
Assim,oponto+éoafixode
c .
ϭϲϬ͘Porexemplo,osnúmeroscomplexos c , b , c c , b ,j e c j têm

móduloj .
WĄŐ͘ϭϳϱ
ϭϲϭ͘
~ cos2 c 3 b sen2 c 3~

j c
ĂͿ c

.Portanto, ~ c
b Á {.
ďͿ éumnúmerocomplexodemódulo1.
TemͲse:b b b ~ ¯ k b
j
~ ¯ b ~ ¯ ~ ¯~ f
~ cos2
3 b ƐĞŶ2
3 ~
j

ͻ c b
~ cos2
3 b ƐĞŶ2
3 ~
j

ͻ b

j j
Portanto,4 ~ c w ~

b Á {5 v 4 ~ w ~

b Á {5.
b b b b
c ~ c b ~ c b ~

ĐͿ b bbb
c ~
~ ~
Portanto, ~ w ~ b Á {.

ϭϲϮ͘$ ~ ² c ³ b ! ~ ² c ³ b ² c ³ b ~ c b b ² c ³ c ~
éargumentode$ ¯ ² c ³ ~ w c ¯ ~ v ~ w ¯ ~
~ c b ² c ³
ϭϲϯ͘$ ~ ² b ³ ~ b b ~ c b

éargumentode$ ¯ c ~ w ¯ ~ c v ~ w ¯ ~ c

ϭϲϰ͘' ~ c % b %

Arg²'³
¯ c % w % c % ¯ % w % b % c
cfjb

TemͲse% b % c ~ ¯ % ~ ¯%~ cf
¯ % ~ c v % ~ .
Portanto,% b % c ¯ % c v % .
Então,% w % b % c ¯ % w % c v % ¯ % µ c BÁ c ´ r µÁ ´.

ϭϲϱ͘

b
b
cb
b
b
bbb

ĂͿ ²b³
c c ~ c c~ b

c c~ c~ c c~

b
~ c ~ b c ~ ~

bd d²c³bdd²c³b²c³c
ďͿ ²c³cc b ~ b ~
cb
c
b ~ c b ~ cb b ~ bcc

cc
bb c
~ b ~
j
c c

~ c
b ~
cb

~ b ~ b ~
ϭϲϲ͘' c ~ j c ~ j2 cos b sen 3 c ~ j4 c

j
5 c ~

b
j j

~ c b c~ c b ~
~ 2 cos b sen 3 ~ 4 c 5 ~ c b j .

j
ϭϲϳ͘TemͲse
b
Substituindo,naequação,' por c b j ,vem:

4 c j54 c b j 5 c c j ~ ¯ c b j b j c

c c j ~ ¯
¯ c b j b
c c j ~ ¯ ~ ,oqueéverdade.

Portanto, ésoluçãodaequação.
j c 4j c 5 c j b c j

tg c
ϭϲϴ͘ tg b ~ j b ~
4j b 54j c 5
~ c ~ ~
j 4c
5
~ c ~
ϭϲϵ͘TemͲseO b O ~ j b ~ j .Vem,então: b ~ j 4 j

b j

5
Portanto,temͲse:
ĂͿsen ~ j ďͿcos ~ j
1
ĐͿsen ~ sen cos ~ d j

d j
1
~ 4
ĚͿsen 2 b 3 j bj

j j j
1
~ sen cos
b sen
cos ~
d
b d ~
WĄŐ͘ϭϳϲ
ϭϳϬ͘
4c
5
ĂͿOsnúmeroscomplexos e têmomesmomódulo(2)eadiferençaentreosseus
argumentos é c c ~ c ~ c ~ c d .
Portanto,osnúmeroscomplexossãoiguais.
ďͿOsnúmeroscomplexosj ej têmomesmomódulo4j5eadiferença

4c 5 4c 5
entreosseusargumentos é c c 2 c 3 ~ c b ~

~ ~
d .
Portanto,osnúmeroscomplexossãoiguais.

ϭϳϭ͘

ĂͿ ~ ¯ ~ w ~
b Á {
~ j ¯ ~ j w
4 c
5
ďͿ
~ c
b Á { ¯
¯~j

w ~ c Á {
~ ¯ ~ w b ~ b Á { ¯
4 b
5
ĐͿ
¯ ~ w c ~ c b Á { ¯ ~ w c ~ c b Á { ¯
¯ ~ w ~ c Á {
ϭϳϮ͘Nafiguraestárepresentadootriângulo´()*µ.
TemͲse:6+ ~ cos e(+ ~ sen

Portanto,)* ~ cos e() ~ sen
Vem,então,queaáreadotriângulo´()*µédadapor:
cos d sen ~ sen cos ~ sen
ϭϳϯ͘
4c 5 4c 5 4c 5 4c 5
2cos b sen 3 b cc j b

ĂͿ ' b' ~
j

4c c 5 b

~ ~ ~ ~
b
4c 5 4c 5
c j

~ ~ 4c
~ c ~
5

4 c 5
ďͿ $' ~ ~
Portanto, $ éimagináriopuro ¯
'
¯
c ~
b Á { ¯ c ~
c
b Á { ¯
¯ c ~ c

b Á { ¯ ~

c Á {
Fazendo,porexemplo, ~ ,obtémͲse ~
.

Assim,umasoluçãopossívelé$ ~ .
ĐͿ' ~ c c j ;(4 c Á c j5

' ~ c b j ; c ' ~ c j ;) 4Á c j5

Áreadotriângulo´(6)µ ~ d j
~ j
ϭϳϰ͘
4 b j 5
j

2cos b sen 3 4
b 5

ĂͿͻ '
' ~ b ~ b ~ b ~ b ~
4 b j 5 b j cj b 4cj b 5c

~ ²b³ ~ b ~ b ~ b c ~
c
j b
j b
c

c
j b 4
j b
5 cj b 4j b 5
~ c ~ ~ ~
cj j b
~ b
j

j

ͻ '
j j

' ~ ~ ~ ~
j cj b j

ďͿDaalíneaanterior,podemosconcluirque ~ b .
j cj b j

TemͲse: ~ b ¯
¯ j

2 cos b sen 3 ~ cj
b b j
¯
j cj j b j
¯ cos ~ w sen ~ ¯
4cj5 4bj5
d j d j
¯ cos ~ w sen ~ ¯
cj bj
d j d j
¯ cos ~ w sen ~ ¯
cj bj
j j
¯ cos ~ w sen ~
² c b ³ ~ ² c ³ ~ ² c ³ ~ d j

4c
5
ϭϳϱ͘' ²' c ³ ~ d
~
~ j

4c
5
Portanto,' ²' c ³éimagináriopuro ¯ c

~
b Á { ¯ ~
b Á { .

cosc b senc cosc b senc
sen2c 3 b sen c cos: c2c 3; b sen c cos c b sen c
ϭϳϲ͘ cos c sen
~ ~ ~
²c³
~ ²c³
~ ćc²c³µ ~ c ~
WĄŐ͘ϭϳϳ
ϭϳϳ͘
ĂͿO'O ~ jtg b ~ k
cos ~b
cos
b~
Ocos O
j j
ďͿAretadeequação& ~ %passanaorigemdoreferencialeasuainclinaçãoé

4tg

~ 5.
Seja ~ Arg²'³À
j
Oafixode' pertenceàretadeequação& ~ % seesóse ~
v ~ c
.
j

.
Ora,tg ~ tg ,peloquetg ~ j ~ j.Portanto, ~
Emqualquerdoscasos,temͲsetg ~

b Á {.
j
ϭϳϴ͘TemͲse' ~ c
b ~ cos b sen ~ .
' b 4 5 b j

b b c c b
Portanto, '
~
~ 4c 5
~ 4c 5
~
4c 5
~

j 4c
5

c

~
4c 5
~ 4c 5
~

ϭϳϵ͘
ĂͿ' b ~ 4j 5 b ~ j b ~ j

b ~ ² c c ³ b ~ c ~
ďͿ$ ' ~ d j ~ j

4 b 5
$ ' éimagináriopuro ¯ b ~

b Á { ¯ ~
b Á {
ϭϴϬ͘
ĂͿ'
c ' ~ 4 c j c j 5 c ~ 4 5 c

4c
5
~
c :cos2 c 3
b sen2 c 3 ;
c 2cos
c sen
3 ~

~

~

c 2cos
c sen
3 ~ c
c 4 c 5 ~ c
b j b ~ j c

j
~
c
4 c
5
4c
5

ďͿ$ ~ c
' ' ~

~ ~
~
~

d
$ ~ 2 3


$ érealpositivo ¯
~ Á { ¯ ~ Á { ¯ ~
Á{
énatural ¯ émúltiplode11
Omenorvalordeéportantoiguala d
~ .
ϭϴϭ͘TemͲse b ~ b b ~ ,peloque:

ͻ b ~ b b ~ ² b ³ ~ c b
ͻ b ~ b b ~ ² c b ³ ~ c c
c c b c b b ~ ¯ c c c b b ~ ¯
Vem,então:
¯ c c b c ~ ¯ c c ~ w c ~ ¯
¯ ~ b w ~ ¯ ~ w ~
ϭϴϮ͘
e ' ~ 4 5 ~

ĂͿ' ~
Portanto,(6)V ~ c ~ , peloqueotriângulo´(6)µéequiláteroseesóse ~ .

Como ,temͲse ~ ¯ ~ .
Assim,otriângulo´(6)µéequiláteroseesóseO' O ~ .
ďͿSendo' ~ ,temͲseRe' ~ ¯ cos

~ ¯d ~ ¯~

Portanto,' ~ .
cos csen cos cbsen c! :²c³ ; 4cc

b 5
cos 2 c3 b sen2 c3
²c³
ϭϴϯ͘ sen b cos ~ ~ 4 c 5
~ 4 c 5
~ ~

4c
c 5 4c
c b5 4 c 5
~ ~ ~
ϭϴϰ͘
ĂͿ2 3 ~8
j
9 ~ 4 5 ~

b
j
c 4c 5
Interpretação:qualquerquesejaonúmeronatural,oafixode2 3 pertenceaumdoseixos

b
c
coordenados.
ďͿ² b ³ ~ ² c ³ ¯ 2 b 3 ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ Á { ¯ ~ Á {

c
Portanto,omenornúmeronaturalquesatisfazopretendidoé4.
WĄŐ͘ϭϳϴ
ϭϴϱ͘
ĂͿ' b $ ~ ¯ ' ~ c $ ¯ ' ~ c 4 5 ¯ ' ~ c 6 7¯
4c
5
¯ ' ~ ¯ ' ~ j
4c
b 5
b

¯ ' ~ Á ¸Á Á ¹ ¯
¯ '~ j Á ¸Á Á ¹ ¯ ' ~ j v' ~ j v' ~ j
b


ďͿ$ ~ 4 5 ~

$ éumnúmerorealnegativo ¯ ~ b 2 Á { ¯ ~ b
Á { ¯
¯ ~ b
Á {
Comosepretendeque o,vem ~ b
Á o .
ϭϴϲ͘

ĂͿOafixode éoponto(.
4 c 5

Oponto) éoafixode ~ .
4 b 5
.
Oponto* éoafixode ~
ďͿ$ ~ 4 5 ~
~
2cos b sen 3 ~

~
~

5 ~ c j c j
j j
~
4 c c
ϭϴϳ͘
j

j 2cos b sen 3 j 4 b j 5 j
c 2cos b sen 3
b
ĂͿ' ~

j j
c 4 b 5
~
~ ~ ~
c c c

j j b 4j b 54 b j 5 j b b b j

c j
b
4 c j 54 b j 5

~ j ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~
c
ďͿOsafixosdasraízesquartasdesãovérticesdeumquadradoinscritonumacircunferência
centradanaorigemdoreferencialeraio1(oraioéiguala1,poisÁ comoOO ~ ,asraízesquartas
detêmtodasmóduloiguala1).
Sejaoladodoquadrado.TemͲse b ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ j.
Portanto,opolígonoemcausaéumquadradocujadiagonalmede2.
Portanto,operímetrodoquadradoéj.

ĐͿTemͲse '' ~ ' ¯ ' ~ ' d ' ¯ ' ~ d ' .
Sejam(e) osafixosde' e' eseja6aorigemdoreferencial.

Como' ~ d ' ,temͲseque(6) V ~ .

Vem,então,que ~
~
.

Portanto,$ ~
~ ~ c .
ϭϴϴ͘
c b b
c b

c
c c ccb
b
ĂͿ' ~ c ~ ~ ~ c b
~ ~ ~
j
c c c c c

c b
~ ~ c b ~
ďͿSeja$ ~ .Vem,então:$ $ ~ ' ¯ 2 3 ~ 4

j
5 ¯

j j j
¯ c ~ 4 5 ¯ ~ 4 5 ¯ ~

w ~ b Á { ¯
j

¯~ w ~ b Á {
j j j j

Portanto,temͲse$ ~
~ v $~ ~ c .

ĂͿTemͲseO $ O ~ j b ² c ³ ~ .Portanto,temͲse$ ~ .
ϭϴϵ͘
d c ~
4 c 5
Vem,então: c ~ c ² b ³ ~ c $ ~
ďͿ b ~ c ¯ b b ~ c ¯ c b ~ c ¯

¯ c ~ w ~ c ¯ c ~ w ~ c ¯
¯ c 2 c

3 ~ w ~ c
¯ c
~ w ~ c
¯

¯ c ~ w ~ c ¯ c c ~ w ~ c ¯
p s

f j b

qImpossívelems t

¯ ~ w ~ c ¯ ~ c v ~ w ~ c ¯
¯ ~ w ~ c
¯ ~ c v ~ w ~ c
¯
¯ ~ c w ~ v ~ w ~ c
Portanto,asraízesquadradasde c são c b e c .
ĐͿComecemosporobservarqueésoluçãodaequação,poiséverdadeque ~
$ .
Vejamosassoluçõesnãonulas.Seja' ~ ,com .
¯ 2 3 ~
4cc
5
' c
Vem,então:' ~ $

¯ ~ ¯

¯ ~ w ~ c c b Á { ¯ ~ w ~ c b Á { ¯
j
¯~ w ~ c b Á{
j 4c
5
j
j j
Assoluçõesdaequaçãosão:Á Á Á
e
WĄŐ͘ϭϳϵ
ϭϵϬ͘Acondição(' c ' ( (' (define,noplanodeArgand,ocírculodecentronoafixode' e

raioiguala(' (.Comoocírculotemcentronoafixode' eraioiguala(' (,acircunferênciaqueo
limitapassanaorigemdoreferencial.
TemͲse' ~ j
~ j2cos b sen 3 ~ j4 c b 5 ~ c b .
j j

Assim,arepresentaçãopedidaé:

ϭϵϭ͘
ĂͿTemͲse:
% b b ~ ¯ 4
5 b ² c ³ b cos b sen ~ ¯

j j j
¯ b ² c ³ b b ~¯ c b ² c ³ b b ~¯
¯ ~ ,oqueéverdade.
%2 b b ~ ¯ 4 5 b ² c ³ b cos b sen ~ ¯

j
j
¯ b ² c ³ b b ~¯ b ² c ³ b b ~¯
j j
¯
c b ² c ³ b
b ~ ¯ ~ Á oqueéverdade.
j j
ďͿTemͲse:% ~
~ c b e%2 ~
~ c
Portanto,acondição(' c % ( ~ (' c % (defineamediarizdosegmentoderetadeextremos
j j
(4 c Á
5e) 4 Á c
5,queserepresentaaseguir.
Acondição O'O defineacoroacircularqueaseguirserepresenta.
Acondição(' c % ( ~ (' c % ( w O'O defineainterseçãodestacoroacircularcoma

referidamediatriz,ouseja,defineossegmentosderetaaseguirrepresentados.
ϭϵϮ͘
ĂͿ' ~ j ~ j2cos b sen 3 ~ j4 c
j j
5

b ~ cb
TemͲse,então,queospontos(,) ,* ,+,, e- sãoosvérticesdohexágonoregular
representadoaseguir.

Comtrêsdestesseispontos,épossíveldefinirdoistriângulosequiláteros.

Vem,então:
Númerodecasospossíveis:
* ~
Númerodecasosfavoráveis:

Probabilidadepedida: ~
ďͿ$ ~ 4j 5 ~ 4j5

~ ~ ~
ĐͿOafixode!pertenceaocírculodecentroem(eraio1seesóseO ! c ' O .

TemͲse! ~ ~ c .
Vem:O ! c ' O ~ b c c c b b ~ b c b c b ~ b c c b ~ k
j
b~
j

Como ,oafixode!nãopertenceaocírculodecentroem(eraio1.
j
ĚͿO' c ² c b ³O ~
ϭϵϯ͘
ĂͿO' c ² c ³O
~ O c ² c ³O ~ O c b O ~ j

cj

ďͿTemͲse ~
4c
~
5

ϭϵϰ͘O c ' b b O ¯ O' c c O ¯ O' c b O

Arg²'³ ¯ c Arg²'³

WĄŐ͘ϭϴϬ
ϭϵϱ͘
ĂͿ' ~ ~ db ~ ~
' ~ j 2cos b sen 3 ~ j4 c

j j
c 5 ~ c c
' b ' ~ c c ~ c b ~ c b ~ c c

ďͿ' ~ ~
' ~ j

' ' ~ 4 d j 5 ~ 4j 5 ~ 4j5

' ' éumnúmerorealseesóse ~ Á {.

~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~
Omenornúmeronaturalquesatisfazopretendidoé d
~ .
ĐͿO' O ~ OO ~
O' c $O ~ O' O ¯ O$ c ' O ~ ¯ O$ c ² c c ³O ~
TrataͲse,portanto,dacircunferênciadecentroem² c Á c ³eraio3.
ϭϵϲ͘Aregiãorepresentadaéauniãodeumacoroacircular,limitadaporduascircunferências
centradasnaorigemeraios1e2,comumsemiplanolimitadopelamediatrizdosegmentocujos
extremossãoaorigemeopontodecoordenadas² c Á c ³.
Assim,umacondiçãoquedefineestaregiãoé O'O v O'O O' c ² c c ³O.
ϭϵϳ͘
ĂͿTemͲse:
ͻ Arg²$³ ¯ w c
ͻO$O
¯ j b
¯ b
Porexemplo, ~ c e ~ cumpremascondiçõesrequeridas.
$ ²c b ³ c
b

ďϭ Ϳ $ b ~ c b b ~ c b
~ c c

c b
~ c
c
c b ~
c
c c c
c b c c

b b b c b

~ ~ c ~ ~ c b
ďϮ ͿTemͲse:
ͻO' b $O
¯ O' c b O
¯ O²' c b ³ O
¯ OO d O' c b O
¯
¯ O' c b O
¯ O' c b O ¯ O' c c O
Aestacondiçãocorrespondeocírculodecentroem²Á c ³eraio3.
ͻO' c $O O' b $O ¯ O' c ² c c ³O O' b ² c b ³O ¯
¯ O' c ² c c ³O O' c ² c ³O

Aestacondiçãocorrespondeumsemiplano,limitadopelamediatrizdosegmentoderetacujos
extremossãoospontos² c Á c ³e²Á c ³ .Umavezqueestespontostêmamesmaordenada
eabcissassimétricas,areferidamediatrizéoeixoimaginário.
Assim,arepresentaçãopedidaé:
ϭϵϴ͘
ĂͿ O' b O
¯ O' b O
¯ ²' b ³²' b ³
¯ ²' b ³²' b ³
¯
¯ ²' b ³²' b ³
¯ '' b ' b ' b
¯ '' b ' b ' ¯
¯ ' b ' b ''
ďͿ ' b ' b '' w ²' c '³ ¯ O' b O

w Im²'³ ¯
¯ O' b O
w Im²'³ ¯ O' b O
w c Im²'³ ¯
¯ O' b O
w Im²'³ c
ÀcondiçãoO' b O
correspondeocírculodecentro² c Á ³eraio6.
Àcondição Im²'³ c correspondeosemiplanolimitadosuperiormentepelaretadeequação
& ~ c.
Assim,àcondiçãoO' b O
w Im²'³ c correspondearegiãoaseguirrepresentada.
WĄŐ͘ϭϴϭ
ϭϵϵ͘
ĂͿSeja' ~ % b &.TemͲse:
Im²' c '³ '' ¯ Im % b & c ²% c &³! % b &% c & ¯ Im& % b & ¯
¯ & % b & ¯ % b & c & ¯ % b & c & b ¯ % b & c
Aestacondiçãocorrespondeoexteriordocírculodecentro²Á ³eraio1,incluindoacircunferência
quelimitaoreferidocírculo:

4
b 5

' b ~ ¯ ' ~ c ¯ ' ~ ¯'~ Á ¸Á Á ¹ ¯

¯'~ v '~ v '~

Aestacondiçãocorrespondemosafixosdosnúmeroscomplexos , e ,que
sãoospontos(,) e* aseguirrepresentados.
Portanto,àcondiçãoIm²' c '³ '' w ' b ~ correspondemospontos) e* ,talcomo

semostranafiguraseguinte(ospontos) e* pertencemàregiãodefinidaporIm²' c '³ '' ,
masoponto(nãopertence).
ďͿ' ' c c ¯ O'O ¯ O'O

ÀcondiçãoO'O w
Arg²'³
correspondearegiãorepresentadanafiguraseguinte.
ĐͿSeja' ~ % b &.TemͲse:
(Im²' b ³( ¯ (Im²% b & b ³( ¯ ( Im´% b & b µ ( ¯ O& b O ¯
¯ c&b¯ c&

Aestacondiçãocorrespondearegiãodoplanocompreendidaentreasretasdeequações& ~ c
e& ~ .
TemͲseO' c b O ¯ O' c c O .
Aestacondiçãocorrespondeocírculodecentroem²Á c ³eraio3.
Portanto,àcondição(Im²' b ³( v O' c b O correspondeauniãodasduasregiões.
ĚͿTemͲse:O' b c O ¯ O' c ² c b ³ O

Aestacondiçãocorrespondeointeriordocírculodecentroem² c Á ³eraio4.
Seja' ~ % b &.TemͲse:
Re²'³ ¯ Re ²% b &³! ¯ Re² c & b %³ ¯ c & ¯ &
Aestacondiçãocorrespondeosemiplanolimitadoinferiormentepeloeixoreal(nãoincluindoeste
eixo).
ÀcondiçãoO' b c O w Re²'³ correspondeainterseçãodasduasregiões.
ϮϬϬ͘TemͲseO' b c O ~ O' c

O ¯ O' c c b O ~ O' c
O.
Opontomédio4 dosegmento´()µtemcoordenadas2 cb b

3
Aestacondiçãocorrespondeamediatrizdosegmento´()µemque(² c Á ³e)²Á
³.
Á .
TemͲse,portanto,4 2 c Á 3.

Amediatrizdosegmento´()µpassapor4 eéperpendiculara´()µ.

TemͲse () ~ ) c ( ~ ²Á
³ c ² c Á ³ ~ ²Á ³.
Portanto,ovetor¦
# ² c Á ³éperpendiculara () .
Odeclivedamediatrizé,portanto,iguala c .
Aequaçãoreduzidadamediatrizédaforma& ~ c % b .
Comoamediatrizpassapor4 2 c Á 3,vem ~ c d ² c ³ b .
Portanto, ~ c ~
.
Aequaçãoreduzidadamediatrizé& ~ c % b
.

ϮϬϭ͘
ĂͿTemͲseO' b O ¯ O' c ² c ³O .Aestacondiçãocorrespondeocírculodecentroem
² c Á ³eraio2.
Seja' ~ % b &.TemͲse:
Re²' ³ ¯ Re ²% b &³ ! ¯ Re²% b %& b & ³ ¯ Re²% c & b %&³ ¯
¯ % c & ¯ ²% c &³²% b &³ ¯ % c & w % b & v % c & w % b &
¯ & % w & c % v & % w & c %

Aestacondiçãocorrespondearegiãoaseguirrepresentada.
Portanto,àcondiçãoO' b O w Re²' ³ correspondearegiãoaseguirrepresentada.
ďͿSeja' ~ % b &.TemͲse:
O' c O ~ b Re²'³ ¯ O% b & c O ~ b % ¯ O% c b &O ~ b % ¯
¯ j²% c ³ b & ~ b % ¯ ²% c ³ b & ~ b % ¯
&
¯ % c % b b & ~ b % b % ¯ & ~ % ¯ % ~
Aestacondiçãocorrespondeaparábolarepresentadaaseguir.

ĐͿSeja' ~ % b &.TemͲse:
O' c O ~ O' c O ¯ O% b & c O ~ O% b & c O ¯ O% c b &O ~ O% b & c O ¯
¯ j²% c ³ b & ~ j% b ²& c ³ ¯ ²% c ³ b & ~ % b ²& c ³ ! ¯
¯ % c % b b & ~ % b & c & b ¯ % c % b b & ~ % b & c & b ¯

¯ % b & b % c & ~ c ¯ % b & b %c & ~ c¯

¯ % b %b b & c &b ~ cb b ¯
¯ 2% b 3
b 2& c 3
~

Aestacondiçãocorrespondeacircunferênciadecentroem2 c Á 3eraio
j
.
ϮϬϮ͘
ĂͿCondiçãoemd:O' c ² b ³O ~ O' c ² b ³O
TemͲse:7 ² Á ³e8²Á ³
Opontomédio4 dosegmento´7 8µtemcoordenadas2 b b 3
Á .
TemͲse,portanto,4 Á .

Amediatrizdosegmento´7 8µpassapor4 eéperpendiculara´7 8µ.

TemͲse7 8 ~ 8 c 7 ~ ²Á ³ c ² Á ³ ~ ² c Á ³.
Portanto,ovetor¦
# ²Á ³éperpendiculara7 8 .
Odeclivedamediatrizé,portanto,iguala ,ouseja,éiguala2.
Aequaçãoreduzidadamediatrizédaforma& ~ % b .
Comoamediatrizpassapor4 Á ,vem ~ d b .
Portanto, ~ c
~ c .
Aequaçãoreduzidadamediatrizé& ~ % c .
ďͿUmpontoéafixodeumnúmerocomplexocomargumento
seesóseassuascoordenadas
sãopositivaseiguais.
Ora,oponto4 Á pertenceàmediatrizetemassuascoordenadaspositivaseiguais.
Portanto,éesseopontopretendido.

ϮϬϯ͘
ĂͿO' c ² b ³O w Arg´' c ² b ³µ

ďͿ
Arg²'³

w Im²'³
ĐͿO' c ² b ³O w Arg²' b ³

w
Arg²' c ³
ĚͿAelipserepresentadatemsemieixomaioriguala4esemieixomenoriguala2.
Seja asemidistânciafocal.TemͲse: b ~ ¯ ~ j.
Osfocosdaelipsesão4 c jÁ 5e4jÁ 5.
Portanto,umacondiçãoquedefineaelipseéc' b jc b c' c jc ~ .

Resoluções
dos exercícios
do Caderno de Exercícios
MATEMÁTICA A
12.º ANO
EXCLUSIVO
para o
Professor
1ŶĚŝĐĞ
WƌŽƉŽƐƚĂƐĚĞƌĞƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚŽƐĞǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐĚŽĂĚĞƌŶŽĚĞǆĞƌĐşĐŝŽƐ
1.Propriedadesdasoperaçõessobreconjuntos..............................................................................2
2.Introduçãoaocálculocombinatório.............................................................................................5
3.TriângulodePascalebinómiodeNewton.................................................................................12
1.Definirespaçosdeprobabilidade...............................................................................................15
2.Definirprobabilidadecondicionada............................................................................................19
dĞŵĂϯͮ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐZĞĂŝƐĚĞsĂƌŝĄǀĞůZĞĂů
1.Limitesecontinuidade................................................................................................................25
2.Derivadasdefunçõesreaisdevariávelrealeaplicações...........................................................40
dĞŵĂϰͮ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐĞ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐ>ŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂƐ
1.JuroscompostosenúmerodeNeper.........................................................................................65
2.Funçõesexponenciais..................................................................................................................67
3.Funçõeslogarítmicas...................................................................................................................80
4.Resoluçãodeproblemasemodelosexponenciais.....................................................................91
1.Fórmulastrigonométricas.........................................................................................................113
2.Limitesederivadasdefunçõestrigonométricas......................................................................121
3.OsciladoresharmónicoseasegundaleideNewton................................................................137
1.Noçãodeprimitiva....................................................................................................................147
2.Noçãodeintegral......................................................................................................................153

dĞŵĂϳͮEƷŵĞƌŽƐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ
1.Introduçãoaosnúmeroscomplexos.Operarcomnúmeroscomplexos..................................163
2.Formatrigonométricadeumnúmerocomplexo.....................................................................174
3.Raízesdeumnúmerocomplexo...............................................................................................183
4.Operarcomnúmeroscomplexosetransformaçõesgeométricas.Condiçõesemd
esuarepresentaçãonoplanocomplexo.................................................................................191

ϭ͘WƌŽƉƌŝĞĚĂĚĞƐĚĂƐŽƉĞƌĂĕƁĞƐƐŽďƌĞĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽƐ
ϭ͘
% c % c w % ´ c
Á µ ¯ % ´ c
Á c µ r ´Á µ
¨
f j cdd²c³

% c % c ~ ¯ % ~ d ¯ % ~ f
¯ % ~ c
v %~

% c % c w % ´ c
Á µ ¯ % µ c BÁ c µ r ´Á b B´ w % ´ c
Á µ

( ~ ´ c
Á c µ r ´Á µ
b % c b w % ´ c
Á µ ¯ %
c w %
c c w % ´ c
Á µ ¯
¯ % c
w % c c
w % ´ c
Á µ ¯ % w % c w
w % ´ c
Á µ ¯ % µ c Á ´
¨

) ~ µ c Á ´
ĂͿ ´ c
Á c
µ r ´Á µ
ďͿ µ c Á ´
ĐͿ µ c Á c
µ r ´Á 8´
ĚͿ ´ c
Á µ
ĞͿ ´ c
Á c ] r ´Á µ
ĨͿ µc
Á ´

Ϯ͘
ĂͿ ²³ ~ c ¯ b c b ~ c ¯ b c b ~ ¯
¨
c
c
c
¯ ² c ³² b c ³ ~ ¯ c ~ v b c ~ ¯
c f j
cdd²c ³ c f
¯~ v ~
¯~ v ~
¯

¯~ v ~ v ~ c
( ~ ¸ c Á Á ¹
" ~ dc
b ~ Â " ~ dc
b ~
Â " ~ dc
b ~ ) ~ ¸Á Á ¹
ďϭͿ ~ c Â ¸ c Á Á ¹ q ¸ c Á Á Á ¹ ~ ¸ c Á Á ¹ Â ( *
ďϮͿ )* Â ~
ϯ͘ (q) ~( ¯(q) ~( ¯(r) ~(
ϰ͘
ĂϭͿ ( q * ~ (ĂϮͿ) r * ~ *
ďϭͿ (±) ( ( r ) * ,donde(±) *
ďϮͿ Éimediatoque* ~ < ¬ ( r ) * .Vejamosaimplicaçãorecíprocadesta:

( r ) * ¬ * ( r ) ¬ * r * ( r ) r * ¬ < * ¬ * ~ <
ϱ͘
ĂͿ ( r ) * ¬ ( * ¬ * (
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ĐͿ ( r ) * ¬ ( r ) q ( * q ( ¬ 2( q (3 r 2) q (3 * q ( ¬
¬ J r 2) q (3 * q ( ¬ ) q ( * q ( ¬ ) * q ( ¬ ) *±( ¬ *±( )
ϲ͘
ĂͿ ) r ² ) r ( ³ ~ ²) r )³ r ( ~ < r ( ~ <
ďͿ ( q ²) q (³ ~ ( q ²( q )³ ~ ²( q (³ q ) ~ ( q )

ĐͿ ( q ²) q (³ ~ ²) q (³ q ( ~ ) q ²( q (³ ~ ) q J ~ J

ĚͿ :( q ) q ) ; r ( ~ :( q 2) q ) 3; r ( ~ ( q J r ( ~ J r ( ~ (
ĞͿ ( r ² ) q ( ³ ~ ( r ) q 2( r (3 ~ ( r ) q < ~ ( r )

ĨͿ ( q ) r ) ! q ) ~ ( q ) r ) ! q ) ~ <( q ) q ) = q ) ~ ( q ) q 2) q ) 3 ~
~ ( q ) q J ~ J
ŐͿ ) q ( r 2) q (3 ~ ) q 2( r (3 ~ ) q < ~ )

ŚͿ <( q 2) q (3= r ( ~ :( q 2) r (3; r ( ~ :2( q ) 3 r ( q (; r ( ~
~ :2( q ) 3 r (; r ( ~ 2( q ) 3 r 2( r (3 ~ 2( q ) 3 r < ~ <
ϳ͘
ĂͿ Falsa.
Contraexemplo:se( ~ ¸Á Á ¹ e ) ~ ¸Á },vem
( r )±( ~ ¸Á Á ¹ r ¸¹ ~ ¸Á Á Á ¹ £ )
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ϴ͘
ĂͿ ( d ) ~ ¸² c Á c ³Á ² c Á ³Á ²Á c ³, ²Á ³Á ²Á c ³Á ²Á ³ ¹
ďͿ Não.Porexemplo,oobjeto c teriaduasimagens: c e.
ϵ͘
ĂͿ * ~ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á
³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á
³Á ² Á
³¹
ďͿ + ~ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á

³¹
ĐͿ , ~ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ² Á

³Á ² Á ³¹
(~ d
b d
~b~
ϭϬ͘
ĂͿ (±) d * ~ ²( r )³ d * ~ 2( d * 3 r ) d *
ďͿ ( d ) r 2( d ) 3 ~ ²( r (³ d ) ~ < d )

ĐͿ Éimediatoque( ~ ) ¬ ( d * ~ ) d * .Vejamosaimplicaçãorecíprocadesta:
TemͲse, paraqualquerpertencentea< ,% ( ¯ D & *Á ²%Á &³ ( d * ¯
¯ D & *Á ²%Á &³ ) d * ¯ % )
ĚͿ 2( d * 3 r 2) d * 3 ~ ( d * ¯ ²( r )³ d * ~ ( d * ¯ ( r ) ~ ( ¯ ) ( ¯ ( )
ϭϭ͘ Provarque( d ) ~ J ¯ ( ~ J v ) ~ Jequivaleaprovarque:

( d ) £ J ¯ ( £ J w ) £ J
Ora,( d ) £ J ¯ E %Á & < ¢ ²%Á &³ ( d ) ¯
¯ E %Á & < ¢ % ( w & ) ¯ ( £ J w ) £ J.
Ϯ͘/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĕĆŽĂŽĐĄůĐƵůŽĐŽŵďŝŶĂƚſƌŝŽ
j( c ( ~ j ~ o ,logo c ( Â j( c ( ~ j ¤ o ,logo c ¤ (
ϭϮ͘
j( c ( ~ j ¤ o ,logo c ¤ ( Â j( c ( ~ j ~ o ,logo c (
j(( ~ j ~ o ,logo ( Â j(( ~ j ~ o ,logo (
j(( ~ j ¤ o ,logo ¤ ( Â j(( ~ j ¤ o ,logo ¤ (
j(( ~ j ~ o ,logo (
( ~ ¸ c Á c Á Á Á ¹
ĂͿ #²(³ ~
ďϭͿ #²)³ ~ #²( r )³ c #²)³ ~ c ~
ďϮͿ #²( q )³ ~ #²( r )³ ~ #²< ³ c #²( r )³ ~ c ~
ĐͿ #²( d C³ ~ #²(³ d #²C³ ¯ ~ d #²C³ ¯ #²C³ ~
ϭϯ͘
TemͲse: #²(³ ~ #²( q < ³ ~ #:( q 2) r ) 3; ~ #:²( q )³ r ²( q )³; ~
²i³
ĂϭͿ
~ #²( q )³ b #²( q )³
²i³ TemͲse ²( q )³ q ²( q )³ ~ ²( q (³ q ²) q )³ ~ ( q J ~ J.
ĂϮͿ Tendoemcontaaalíneaanterior,temͲse:#²( q )³ ~ #²(³ c #²( q )³

TemͲse(±) ~ ( q ) e,como) (,temͲsetambém( q ) ~ ) .
Portanto,#²(±)³ ~ #²(³ c #²)³.
ďͿ #²(³ d #²(³ ~ ¯ #²(³ d
c #²(³ ! ~ ¯ c #²(³ b
#²(³ c ~ ¯
c
f j
cd²c³d²c³
¯ #²(³ ~ c ¯ #²(³ ~ c
f
c ¯ #²(³ ~ v #²(³ ~
Logo,vemque#²(³ ~ e#²(³ ~ .
ϭϰ͘
d ~
ϭϱ͘ d d ~
ϭϲ͘ d (par,par) b d (par,ímpar) b d (ímpar,par) ~
ϭϳ͘ d d d ~
ϭϴ͘
ĂͿ d d ~
ďϭͿ (escolhadaposiçãodoalgarismoímpar) d (escolhadoalgarismopar) d (escolhado

algarismopar) d (escolhadoalgarismoímpar) ~

ďϮͿ d d ~
ϭϵ͘ [ ~
ϮϬ͘
d d d d d ~
[ ~
Ϯϭ͘
ĂͿ [ ~
ďͿ d [ ~
ĐͿ d d [ ~
ĚͿ d d [ ~

ĞͿ [ d [ ~

ĨͿ [(ordenaçãodascoleções) d [ d [ d [ ~

ŐͿ d [ d [ ~ [ d [ ~

ŚͿ [ c d [ d ~ [ c [ d ~

ŝͿ [ c d d [(osdoisdomeioseremdacoleçãoUmaAventura) c

c d d [(osdoisdomeioseremdacoleçãoOsCinco) c
c d d [(osdoisdomeioseremdacoleçãodeJúlioVerne) ~
~
ϮϮ͘
ĂͿ [ d
[ ~
ďͿ [(ordenaçãodecincoblocos:clubeA,clubeBecadaumdosoutrostrês
jogadores) d [ d [ ~
ĐͿ [(ordenaçãodequatroblocos:clubesecadaumdosoutrostrêsjogadores) d [(ordenação

dosjogadoresdoclubeA) d [(ordenaçãodosjogadoresdoclubeB) ~
Nota:ossetejogadoresdosclubesAeBterãodeficardispostosdaseguinteforma:Jogadordo
clubeA;JogadordoclubeB;JogadordoclubeA;JogadordoclubeB;JogadordoclubeA;
JogadordoclubeB;JogadordoclubeA.
Ϯϯ͘ [ d ~
Ϯϰ͘ ĂͿ [ ~ d [ ďͿ

[ d ~ [

ĐͿ [
~ d[
~ [ ĚͿ [
[ ~ d[
[ ~
ĞͿ [
[ ~ d
d [
[ ~ d
~
Ϯϱ͘

ĂͿ [ ~ b
[ ¯
~ b ¯ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~
²
³ ²
[³
b[ c[ bd[ c[

b[ b[ bd[ b[
[ ²bc³
ďͿ ~ , ¯ ~ , ¯ [ ²bb³ ~ , ¯
b ~
¯
²i³
¯ ~ b ¯ ~ ²i³Ouniversoéo
Ϯϲ͘
Para ~ temͲse:
1
ĂͿ c
[ ~c
1[ ¯ 0 ~ ,oqueéverdade.
~
Hipótesedeindução:

c
[ ~c
[
~

Tesedeindução:
b
b[
c
[ ~c
~
Demonstração: ~
b
b[ b[
c c
[ [ b ~c [ b ~
~ ~
b[ b[
b
~c ²b³ [ b ~c
ďͿ Para ~ temͲse:² b ³[ ¯ ,oqueéverdade.
Hipótesedeindução:² b ³[
Tesedeindução:² b ³[ b
Demonstração:² b ³[ ¬ ² b ³ ² b ³[ ² b ³ ¬ ² b ³[ ² b ³ ¬

¬ ² b ³[ d ¬ ² b ³[ b
Ϯϳ͘ d d
~ ( ~
Ϯϴ͘ ( b
( ~
Ϯϵ͘
ĂͿ (númerosdedoisalgarismos) b (númerosdetrêsalgarismos) ~
ďͿ
( b ( ~
ĐͿ d ² d b d d ³ ~
ĚͿ b c 2 ( b ( 3 ~
ϯϬ͘
ĂͿ d
d ~ ( ~
ďϭͿ(posiçãodoalgarismoímpar) d d d ~
ďϮͿ4(algarismodasunidades) d 6 d 5 ~ 120
ϯϭ͘
ĂͿ
d ~
ďͿ
( d ( ~
ĐͿ d d ~

ĚͿ d
d ~

ĞͿ [ d ~
ĨͿ
d (osalgarismossópodemseraspermutaçõesdo7eo6,ouaspermutaçõesdo7eo8,
ouaspermutaçõesdo8eo9,ouaspermutaçõesdo9eo6,ouaspermutaçõesdo9eo4,ouas
permutaçõesdo8eo5) ~

ϯϮ͘
ĂͿ (oprimeiroalgarismotemquesermaiorouiguala5) d ~
ďͿ d
( ~
ĐͿ d c d
( ~
ϯϯ͘
ĂͿ d ( (primeiroalgarismoinferiora5) b d ( (primeiroalgarismo5esegundoinferior
a5) b d (númerosdaforma56__) ~
ďͿ d (primeiroalgarismoinferiora5) b d (primeiroalgarismo5esegundoinferior

a5) b d (númerosdaforma56__) b (númerosdaforma565_) ~
ĐͿ d d d (primeiroalgarismoinferiora5) b
d d (primeiroalgarismo5esegundo
inferiorouiguala5) b d (númerosdaforma56__) ~
ϯϰ͘ (númeroscomumalgarismo) b ( (númeroscomdoisalgarismos) b ( (númeroscomtrês

algarismos) b [(númeroscomquatroalgarismos) ~

ϯϱ͘
( (númerodemaneirasdesentarosidosos) d (
(númerodemaneirasdesentaras
mulheres) d ( (númerodemaneirasdesentardoisdosquatrohomensnãoidososnosdois
lugaresdisponíveis) ~
ϯϲ͘
ĂͿ (númerodeimagensqueo1podeter) d (númerodeimagensqueo2podeter) d
d (númerodeimagensqueo3podeter) ~

ďͿ d d ~ ( ~
ϯϳ͘
*
~

ϯϴ͘
ĂͿ * ~
ďͿ * ~
ϯϵ͘
ĂͿ
*
~
ďͿ
*
~
ϰϬ͘
ĂͿ
* ~
ďͿ
* ~
ĐͿ
* c (entramemsimultaneoaSofiaeoArtur) ~
ĚͿ
* c * (sórapazes) c (sóraparigas) ~
ϰϭ͘
( (canetas) d * (lápis) ~ ou * (lápis) d ( (canetas) ~
50
ϰϮ͘ * d 1*2 ~
ϰϯ͘
ĂͿ [ d [ ~ ďͿ
* ~
ϰϰ͘ * (escolhadastrêsirmãsquelevambrincosiguais) d
( ~
ϰϱ͘ Porexemplo * (escolhadascincocrianças,deentreasdoze,quevãousarasmáscarasde

palhaço) d * (escolhadasquatrocrianças,deentreassetesobrantes,quevãousaras
máscarasdeArlequim) d [(distribuiçãodasmáscarasdeprincipepelastrêscrianças
sobrantes) ~

ϰϲ͘
* d ( (númerosquecomeçampor5) b
* d d ( (númerosquenãocomeçam
por5) ~
ϰϳ͘
ĂͿ
* d * d * d * ~ , d

ďϭͿ ~
ďϮͿ c ~
ϰϴ͘
c (todasasbolasnamesmacaixa) c ( d
* (cincobolasnumacaixaeumabolanoutra
caixa) ~
ϰϵ͘
ĂͿ
* d ~
ďͿ
* d * (duasfigurasquenãosãodeespadas,trêsespadasquenãosãofiguras) b
b d d * d (umafiguradeespadas,umafiguraquenãoédeespadas,duasespadas
quenãosãofiguraseumacartaquenãoédeespadasnemfigura) b * d d * (duas
figurasdeespadas,umacartadeespadasquenãoéfiguraeduascartasquenãosãodeespadas
nemsãofiguras) ~
ϱϬ͘
ĂͿ
* c d
(númerodearestas) ~
ďͿ d
* c (númerodearestasdasbases) ~
ĐͿ d
* d
~
ĚͿ Designemosasbasespor e easfaceslateraispor Á Á Á Á e

,sendo
paralelaa Á paralelaa e paralelaa
.Onúmerodemaneirasdepintarosólidoé

d (paraasbases) d 5 d 4 d 3 d 1 d 1 d 1(paraasfaceslaterais Á Á Á Á e
) ~
²c³²c³ [ ²c³
ϱϭ͘ * c ~ ¯ [
²c³ [d [ c ~ ¯ ²c³ [d c ~ ¯ c ~ ¯
fj cdd²c³
¯ c c c ~ ¯ c c ~ ¯ ~ ¯~ f
¯
¯ ~ v ~ c
Opolígonotem8lados,oseuperímetroé d ~ .
ϱϮ͘ ² b ³ c ²³ ~ : b* c ² b ³; c 2 * c 3 ~ b

ccc c
b~
b c ² c³
~ c ~
c ~c
ϱϯ͘ ~
¯ ~ ¯ ~ Á oconjuntotem elementos.Onúmerodesubconjuntos
comseiselementosé *
~ .

ϯ͘dƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĚĞWĂƐĐĂůĞďŝŶſŵŝŽĚĞEĞǁƚŽŶ
ϱϰ͘ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~

ĂͿ e ďͿ ĐͿ
* ~
ϱϱ͘ F ¯F

b ~ ~
b ~
~
ϱϲ͘ b b b ~
¯ ~ .Oterceiroelementodessalinhaé * ~
.
ϱϳ͘ * = * c

* ¯ * =
* b
* c
* ¯
¯ * =
* ¯ ~
Â ~
ϱϴ͘
* ~ ~ * Â * ~ ~ * Â * ~ ~ *
Â * ~
~ * Â

* ~
~ *

* ~
~ * ,logodos19elementos,10sãoinferioresa ,portanto9são
superiores.
ϱϵ͘ Noesquemaapresentadoaseguir,apresentamͲseosquatroprimeiroselementosdeduaslinhas
consecutivasdotriângulodePascal(utilizamͲseletrasparadesignaralgunsdesteselementos).
ÀÀÀ
b b b ÀÀÀ
TemͲse:
b b b b b b ~ b b b ~ b b b c ~
~ ² b b b ³ c ~ c
ϲϬ͘ * ~ * ¯ ~ b ¯ ~ Â
* ~
*
~
ϲϭ͘ AsomadetodososelementosdalinhadotriângulodePascalquecontémoselementosda
forma * é .Estalinhatem b elementos,sendooúltimoiguala1.Portanto,asoma
dosprimeiroselementosdestalinhaéiguala c .
Asomadetodososelementosdaslinhasanterioreséiguala:

b b b b ÀÀÀ b c ~ d c
c ~ c
Portanto,asomadosprimeiroselementosdalinhadotriângulodePascalquecontémos
elementosdaforma * éigualàsomadetodososelementosdaslinhasanteriores.

ϲϮ͘
ĂͿ ² % b ³ ~ d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d ~
~ % b % b
% b
ďͿ ²% b ³ ~ d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d b

d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d b
b d ² %³ d ~ % b % b % b % b
ĐͿ ²% c ³ ~ d % d ² c ³ b d % d ² c ³ b d % d ² c ³ b d % d ² c ³ b

b d % d ² c ³ b d % d ² c ³ ~ % c % b
% c
% b % c
ĚͿ 2% c 3
~ d ² %³
d 2 c 3 b
d ² %³ d 2 c 3 b
b d ² %³ d 2 c 3 b d ² %³ d 2 c 3 b d ² %³ d 2 c 3 b

b
d ² %³ d 2 c 3 b d ² %³ d 2 c 3
~

~
%
c
% b % c % b % c % b
ϲϯ͘ 4 b j5 ~ d d ²j³ b d d ²j³ b d d ²j³ b d d ²j³ b

b d d ²j³ b d d ²j³ ~ b j b b j b b j ~

~
b j
~ 362; ~ 209
ϲϰ͘ ²% b ³ =

% b % b % b % b ¯
¯ d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d b
d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d b d ² %³ d ~
~
% b % b % b % b ¯
¯
% b % b % b % b ~
% b % b % b % b ¯
¯ % b % b % ~ ¯ % % b % b ~ ¯ % ~ v % b % b ~ ¯
c fj cdd
¯%~v%~ ¯%~v%~ c f
¯%~v%~ c
v%~ c
ϲϱ͘ * 2 3 2 c 3

~
d d ~

ϲϲ͘ Otermogeraldodesenvolvimentode2% b % 3 é * % 2 % 3 ~

c

c
~ * d c d %
c d % ~ * d c d d % % ~
~ * d c d d %
cc ~ * d c d d %
c Â
c ~ ¯ ~
Otermoé * d c d d %
c d ~ %,oseucoeficienteé .

ϲϳ͘ ²% b
% b ³ ~ ²% b ³ ! ~ ²% b ³ À Otermogeraldodesenvolvimentode²% b ³ é

* d %c d ~ * d d %c Â c ~
¯ ~

* d d %c ~ %
,oseucoeficienteé .
ϲϴ͘
* d c d ~ ¯ ² b ³ ~ ¯ ~ ¯

ĂͿ
~ ¯
~
¯ ~ ¯ ~
* d
c ~ 4j5 ¯ ²
b ³ ~ 4j5 ¯ ~ 4j5 ¯

ďͿ
~
¯ >4j5 ? ~ 4j 5 ¯ 4 j 5 ~ 4j5 ¯ ~

* d c ~ ¯ * d

c
ĐͿ
d ~ ¯
¯
~ ~

* d c d ~ ¯ ¯ ² b ³ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~
~
* d ~ j ¯ * d 4 5 ~ ¯ * d 4j5 ~ ¯

ĚͿ
¯ * d c d ~ ¯ ² b ³ ~
¯ ~
¯ ~
~ ~ ~

~
ϲϵ͘ * ² c ³ ~

* d c d ² c ³ ~ ² c ³ ~ ² c ³ ~
~ ~

ϭ͘ĞĨŝŶŝƌĞƐƉĂĕŽƐĚĞƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞ
ϭ͘
ĂͿ , ~ ¸Á Á Á ¹
ďͿ F²,³ ~ ¸JÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹Á
¸Á Á ¹Á ¸Á Á ¹Á ¸Á Á Á ¹¹
ĐͿ ¸Á ¹
Ϯ͘
ĂͿ , ~ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³¹
ďϭͿ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ¹
ďϮͿ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á ³¹
ďϯͿ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³¹
ďϰͿ ¸²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³Á ²Á ³¹
ĐͿ c ²(acontecimentoimpossível) b (acontecimentoselementares)³ ~
ϯ͘
ĂͿ 7 ²(³ ~ c 7 ²(³ ~ c Á ~ Á
ďͿ 7 ²)³ ~ c 7 ²)³ ~ c Á ~ Á
ĐͿ 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( r )³ ~ Á

b Á c Á ~ Á
ĚͿ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²( q )³ ~ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ c Á ~ Á
ĞͿ 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ Á
c Á ~ Á
ĨͿ 7 ´ ( r ²( q )³µ ~ 7 2(3 b 7 ²( q )³ c 7 ´ ( q ²( q )³µ ~ Á b Á c 7 ´ 2( q ( 3 q )µ ~

~ Á c 7 J q ) ~ Á c 7 J ~ Á c ~ Á
ϰ͘
ĂͿ 7 ²( r )³ b 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²( r )³ b 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²( r )³ b c 7 ²( r )³ ~
ďͿ 7 ²( r )³ c 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²( q )³ c 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³! ~

~ c 7 ²( q )³ c 7 ²(³ c 7 ²)³ b 7 ²( q )³ ~ c 7 ²(³ c 7 ²)³ ~ 7 ²(³ c 7 ²)³

ĐͿ 7 ( r ) ±( q ) ! ~ 7 :( r ) q 2( q ) 3; ~
~ 7 ( r ) b 7 2( q ) 3 c 7 :( r ) r 2( q ) 3; ~
~ 7 ( r ) b c 7 ²( q )³ c 7 :( r ) r 2( r ) 3; ~
~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ b c 7 ²( q )³ c 7 :) r ( r 2( r ) 3; ~
~ 7 ²(³ c 7 ²( q )³ b b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ c 7 :) r 2( r ( 3 r ) ; ~
~ 7 ²( q )³ b b 7 ²) q (³ c 7 2) r , r ) 3 ~ 7 ²( q )³ b b 7 ²) q (³ c 7 , ~
~ 7 ²( q )³ b b 7 ²) q (³ c ~ 7 ²( q )³ b 7 ²) q (³ ~ 7 ²(±)³ b 7 ²)±(³
ĚͿ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³porque7 ²( q )³
ϱ͘
ĂͿ
~

ďͿ *
*

~

~

* b *
ĐͿ c *

~c
~

ϲ͘
#²(³
ĂͿ #²,³ ~
¯
#²,³ ~
¯ #²,³ ~
ďͿ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ¯ Á ~ Á

b 7 ²)³ c Á ¯ 7 ²)³ ~ Á
#²)³ #²)³

#²,³ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ #²)³ ~
ϳ͘ d
d ~

ϴ͘

* d *
ĂͿ
*

~

Á

ďͿ c
*
*

Á

ϵ͘ Seja%onúmeroderaparigas,% c éonúmeroderapazes,% c éonúmerototal

dejovens.
%
%c ~
¯
% c ~ % ¯ % ~
Nafestaestavam raparigas,
rapazes,eumtotalde jovens.
Paraqueasraparigasfiquemtodasjuntasonúmerodemaneirasé[ d [ ~ .

ϭϬ͘
ĂͿ Oscasospossíveisequiprováveissão
d
~
.
Noscasosfavoráveistemos:brancoͲazul,azulͲbranco,brancoͲamarelo,amareloͲbranco,
azulͲamarelo,amareloͲazul.Onúmerodecasosfavoráveiséassim: d d (brancoͲazule
azulͲbranco) b d d (brancoͲamareloeamareloͲbranco) b d d (azulͲamareloe
amareloͲazul) ~ .Aprobabilidadepedidaé

~ .
ďͿ Oscasospossíveisequiprováveissão
d
~
.
Noscasosfavoráveistemos:brancoͲazul,azulͲbranco,brancoͲamarelo,amareloͲbranco,
azulͲamarelo,amareloͲazul,masnestasduasúltimassituaçõesapenaspodemsairoeo
.
Onúmerodecasosfavoráveiséassim: d d (brancoͲazuleazulͲbranco) b d d
(brancoͲamareloeamareloͲbranco) b d d (
azulͲ amareloe amareloͲ
azul) ~ .
Aprobabilidadepedidaé

~ .
ĐͿ Oscasospossíveisequiprováveissão
d
~
.
Noscasosfavoráveistemos:brancoͲbranco,azulͲazul,amareloͲamarelo,mascomoonúmero
nãoédivisorde,onúmerodecasosfavoráveiséassim: d (brancoͲbranco) b d (azulͲ
Ͳazul) b d (amareloͲamarelo) ~ .Aprobabilidadepedidaé

~ .
ϭϭ͘
ĂͿ Oscasospossíveissão [.
Noscasosfavoráveistemos: ( (paraosatletasdaequipaOsGazelas) d [(paraosrestantes

atletas).Aprobabilidadepedidaé (d
[
[
~ .
ďͿ Oscasospossíveissão [.
Noscasosfavoráveistemos: * (escolhadosdoisatletasdaequipaOsGazelasquevãoocupar
aspistas1e2) d (distribuiçãodaspistas1e2pelosdoisatletasescolhidos) d (númerode
pistasqueooutroatletadaequipaOsGazelaspodeescolher) d [(distribuiçãodasrestantes

pistaspelosrestantesatletas).Aprobabilidadepedidaé * dd d
[
[
~
.
ĐͿ Aprobabilidadepedidaé
[d
[
[
~
.
ϭϮ͘

(
b (
ĂϭͿ Aprobabilidadepedidaé (

Á .

ĂϮͿ Aprobabilidadepedidaé c (
(

Á .
ĂϯͿ Noscasosfavoráveis,umavezqueonúmero10temqueentrar,vamoscomeçarporescolheros
restantescinconúmeros,deentreos30maioresdoque10.Escolhidososseisnúmeros,eles

podempermutarentresi.Aprobabilidadepedidaéassim * (d

[ Á .
ďͿ Aprobabilidadedeganharoprémiocomumaapostaé *

~
.
¯

Ojogadorterádegastarmaisde1 919 191euros.

8
* c
d *
ϭϯ͘ Aprobabilidadepedidaé *

~ .
ϭϰ͘ Oscasospossíveissão [.
Noscasosfavoráveistemos:
* (escolhadedoisgruposdetrêsrapazescada) d [(distribuição
dostrêsgrupospelostrêscarros) d [(númerodemaneirasdesentartrêspessoasemtrês
lugares,noprimeirocarro) d [(númerodemaneirasdesentartrêspessoasemtrêslugares,no
segundocarro) d [(númerodemaneirasdesentartrêspessoasemtrêslugares,noterceiro

* d [
carro).Aprobabilidadepedidaé [ ~ .
ϭϱ͘ Aprobabilidadepedidaé d [d

[
[ ~

.
ϭϲ͘ Existemtantossubconjuntosde(quantasassequências Á Á ÀÀÀ Á ,comelementos,

ondecadaelemento dasequênciaé0ou1.Istoporque,designandopor) oconjuntodas
sequências,afunção ¢ 7 ²(³ ¦ ) queacadasubconjunto? de(fazcorrespondera
sequência Á Á ÀÀÀ Á deacordocomaregra:
Paracada ¸Á Á ÀÀÀÀÁ ¹,temͲse:F
~ , se ¤ ?
éumabijeção.
~ , se ?
Assim, por exemplo, o conjunto vazio corresponde à sequência de zeros, o conjunto (
correspondeàsequênciadeuns,oconjunto{1,3}correspondeàsequência
–––––––––
ÀÀÀÀ .
c zeros
Comocadaelementodasequênciapodetomarumdedoisvalores,existem sequências.
Oscasospossíveissãoassim .
Casosfavoráveisaosubconjuntoconteronúmero:Todososoutroselementosdasequência
podemtomarosvalores0ou1,oelementoapenaspodetomarovalor1.Existementão
c
c casosfavoráveis.Aprobabilidadepedidaé,então, ~ .
KƵƚƌŽƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĚĞƌĞƐŽůƵĕĆŽ͗
Casospossíveis:#7 ²(³ ~
Casosfavoráveisaosubconjuntoconteronúmero:
Subconjuntoscom1elemento ¦ 1(oconjunto¸¹³
Subconjuntoscom2elementos ¦ c (osconjuntos¸Á ¹com (±¸¹³
Subconjuntoscom3elementos ¦ c * (osconjuntos¸Á Á ¹comÁ (±¸¹³
Subconjuntoscom4elementos ¦ c * etc.
Subconjuntoscomelementos ¦ (oconjunto()
Oscasosfavoráveissãoassimc * b c * b c * b ÀÀÀ b c *c ~ c (somadetodos
oselementosdalinhadotriângulodePascalquecontémoselementosdaformac * ³.
c
Aprobabilidadepedidaé,então, ~ .

Ϯ͘ĞĨŝŶŝƌƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝĚĂĚĞĐŽŶĚŝĐŝŽŶĂĚĂ
ϭϳ͘ 7 ²) O) ³designaaprobabilidadedeabolaretiradaemsegundolugarserbranca,sabendo

queabolaretiradaemprimeirolugarerabranca.Ora,sefoiretiradaumabolabranca,aquando
dasegundaextração,restamapenasbolasnacaixa,dasquaissãobrancas,oscasospossíveis
são7eosfavoráveissão3,peloque7 ²) O) ³ ~ .
7 ²)O(³designaaprobabilidadedeonúmerosaídosermaiorquej ,sabendoqueépar.
Ora,seonúmerosaídoépar,temos
casospossíveis(2,4,6,8,10e12),ecomoj Á ,
ϭϴ͘
desses6apenas3sãomaioresdequej (8,10e12).Temos,assim,6casospossíveise3
casosfavoráveis,peloque7 ²)O(³ ~
~ .
ϭϵ͘ Designemospor%onúmerodefichasbrancasqueestavaminicialmentenosaco.7 ²)O(³

designaaprobabilidadedeaficharetiradadosacoserbranca,sabendoquenolançamentodo
dadosaiuonúmero4.Ora,senolançamentododadosaiuonúmero4significaqueforam
colocadasnosaco4fichasazuis.Osacoficaentãocom%bolasbrancase4azuis.
7 ²)O(³ ~ ¯ %b %
~ ¯ % ~ % b ¯ % ~
Onúmerodefichasbrancasqueestavaminicialmentenosacoé8.
ϮϬ͘ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ¯ Á

~ Á b Á c 7 ²( q )³ ¯
¯ 7 ²( q )³ ~ Á
7 ²)O(³ ~ 7 7²(q)³ Á
²(³ ~ Á ~

Ϯϭ͘ Designemospor(e) osacontecimentos:

( :oalunoescolhidoédosexofeminino
) ¢ oalunoescolhidofrequentaoensinosecundário
SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~ Á ,7 ²)³ ~ Á e7 ²( q )³ ~ Á .
7 ²( q )³ ~ Á ¯ 7 ²( r )³ ~ Á ¯ c 7 ²( r )³ ~ Á ¯ 7 ²( r )³ ~ Á ¯
¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ Á ¯ Á b Á c 7 ²( q )³ ~ Á ¯ 7 ²( q )³ ~ Á
Épedidaa7 ²(O)³ .
7 ²(O)³ ~ 7 7²(q)³ Á
²)³ ~ Á ~

ϮϮ͘
ĂϭͿ AoextrairaoacasoumaboladacaixaB,aprobabilidadedesairumabolaazuléduplada
probabilidadedesairumabolabranca.Portanto,onúmerodebolaazuiséodobrodonúmero
debolasbrancas.Assim,designandoporonúmerodebolasbrancas,onúmerodebolaazuis
é.Portanto,ototaldebolasazuisebolasbrancasé,ouseja,éumnúmeromúltiplode
3.SeabolaverdenãotivessetransitadodacaixaAparaacaixaB,astrezebolasqueficavam
nestacaixaeramapenasbolasazuisebolasbrancas,oqueéabsurdopois13nãoémúltiplode
3.Logo,abolaverdefoiumadasbolasquetransitaramdacaixaAparaacaixaB.

ĂϮͿ Pelaalíneaanteriorconcluímosquedepoisdatransferênciadasduasbolas(dacaixaAparaa
caixaB),acaixaBficoucombolasbrancas,bolasazuise1bolaverde,numtotalde13
bolas.
b b ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~
AcaixaBficouentãocom4bolasbrancase8bolasazuis.
ďͿ InicialmenteacaixaAtinha6bolas(3brancas,2azuise1verde)eacaixaBtinha11bolas(%
brancase c %azuis),portantodas17bolasqueforamcolocadasnosaco,% b são
brancas, c %sãoazuiseéverde.
Como7 ²@ O?³ ~ ,temosque %b
~ ¯ % b ~
¯ % ~ .

Estavaminicialmente4bolasbrancasnacaixaB.
Ϯϯ͘ Pelofactode( * ,sabemosque( q * ~ (.Pelofactodeosacontecimentos) e*

seremincompatíveis,sabemosque) q * ~ J.
7 ²( r )O*³ ~ 7 ²(r) q*³
7 ²*³ ~ 7 ²(q* r)q* ³
7 ²*³ ~ 77²(r J³ 7 ²(³
²*³ ~ 7 ²*³
| | 7 ²( q )³
} ¯ } 7 ²)³

7 ²(O)³ ~ ~
Ϯϰ͘ ¯
~ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²( q )³

| |
¯} ¯}

¯F
7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²)³ 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²)³ TTTT

~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ ~ 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ ~ 7 ²)³

7 ²(³ ~ 7 ²)³
Logo,osacontecimentos(e) sãoequiprováveis.
Ϯϱ͘ Designemospor(e) osacontecimentos:

( ¢ abolaéretiradadacaixaA
) ¢ abolaretiradaébranca
UmavezqueapenasacaixaAtembolasbrancasvemque:
7 ²)³ ~ 7 ²) q (³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)O(³ ~
d
~ ~ ,
Ϯϲ͘ Designemospor(e) osacontecimentos:

( ¢ otrabalhadorescolhidoédosexofeminino
) ¢ otrabalhadorescolhidoélicenciado
ĂͿ SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~ eque7 ²)O(³ ~ À
7 ²) q (³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)O(³ ~ d ~
Aprobabilidadedeserescolhidaumamulherlicenciadaé
.

ďͿ SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~ c 7 ²(³ ~ c
~
eque7 ²) q (³ ~
À

7 ²) q (³
7 ²)O(³ ~ 7 ²(³
~
~

Aprobabilidadepedidaé .

Ϯϳ͘ Designemospor(e) osacontecimentos:
( ¢ aturmaescolhidaéo12.ºA
) ¢ sãoescolhidossãodoisrapazeseumarapariga

SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~
eque7 ²)O(³ ~ * d
*
*
~ À
Aprobabilidadepedidaé7 ²) q (³ ~ 7 ²)O(³ d 7 ²(³ ~
d
~
.
Ϯϴ͘ Designemospor(,) e* osacontecimentos:

( ¢ sainúmero4nolançamentododado
) ¢ sainúmero6nolançamentododado
* ¢ odadoescolhidoéviciado

SabeͲseque7 ²*³ ~
,que7 ²)O*³ ~
eque7 ²(O*³ ~
~
À
Aprobabilidadepedidaé:

7 ²(³ ~ 7 ²(O*³ d 7 ²*³ b 7 ²(O*³ d 7 ²*³ ~ d b
d ~
Ϯϵ͘ Designemospor(,) ,* e= osacontecimentos:

( ¢ abolaéretiradadacaixaA
) ¢ abolaéretiradadacaixaB
* ¢ abolaéretiradadacaixaC
= ¢ abolaretiradaéverde

SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~

,que 7 ²)³ ~

eque7 ²*³ ~

.
ĂͿ SabeͲseaindaque7 ²= O(³ ~

,que 7 ²= O)³ ~
eque7 ²= O*³ ~
À
Aprobabilidadepedidaé7 ²= ³ ~ 7 ²= O(³7 ²(³ b 7 ²= O)³7 ²)³ b 7 ²= O*³7 ²*³ ~
~
d

b
d

b

d

~
Á .
ďͿ Designemosaindapor+oacontecimento«sainúmero2nolançamentododado»À

7 ²+ q = ³ 7 ²= O+³7 ²+³ d
Aprobabilidadepedidaé7 ²+O= ³ ~ 7 ²= ³ ~ 7 ²= ³ ~

~
Á .

ϯϬ͘ Designemospor(e) osacontecimentos:

( ¢ oalunoescolhidoédosexofeminino
) ¢ oalunoescolhidotevenotapositivanoteste
SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~ Á
,que7 ²)³ ~ Á eque7 ²(O)³ ~ Á À
SabeͲseaindaque7 ²(³ ~ 7 ²(O)³ 7 ²)³ b 7 ²(O)³ 7 ²)³.
Á
cÁ dÁ
Logo,Á
~ 7 ²(O)³ d Á b Á d Á ¯ 7 ²(O)³ ~ Á ~

.

7 ²)q(³ 7 ²(O)³7 ²)³
d
Aprobabilidadepedidaé7 ²)O(³ ~ 7 ²(³ ~ 7 ²(³ ~
~
.


ϯϭ͘ Designemospor(e) osacontecimentos:
( ¢ ojogadorescolhidoéestrangeiro
) ¢ ojogadorescolhidotemmaisde25anos

SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~ Á ,que7 ²)³ ~ Á
eque7 ²)O(³ ~
À
Masse7 ²)O(³ ~ vemque7 ²)O(³ ~ c ~ .
SabeͲseaindaque7 ²)³ ~ 7 ²)O(³ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)O(³ 7 ²(³.
Á
c dÁ
Logo,Á
~ 7 ²)O(³ d Á b d Á
¯ 7 ²)O(³ ~ Á ~ .
Aprobabilidadepedidaé7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²)O(³7 ²(³ ~
d Á ~ Á ~

.
ϯϮ͘ (e) sãoacontecimentosindependentes,peloque7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³.

Se7 ²(³ ~ ,vemque7 ²(³ ~ .
Vem,então, ~ d 7 ²)³ ¯ 7 ²)³ ~ .
ϯϯ͘ 7 ²( r )³ ~ ¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ ¯

¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²)³ d 7 ²(O)³ ~ ¯
¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²(³ 7 ²(³
c d ~ ¯

¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²(³ 7 ²(³

c ~ ¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²(³ c 7 ²(³ ~ ¯ 7 ²(³ ~ ¯
¯ 7 ²(³ ~
Como7 ²(O)³ ~ 7 ²(³,osacontecimentos(e) sãoindependentes.
ϯϰ͘ Designemospor(,) ,* e+ osacontecimentos:

( ¢ abolaretiradadaurna< éazul
) ¢ abolaretiradadaurna< ébranca
* ¢ abolaretiradadaurna= éazul
+ ¢ abolaretiradadaurna= ébranca

SabeͲseque7 ²(³ ~ ~ ,que 7 ²)³ ~

~ ,que 7 ²*³ ~
~ eque7 ²+³ ~

~ .
ĂͿ Comoosacontecimentos(e+sãoindependentes,7 ²+O(³ ~ 7 ²+³ ~ .
ďͿ Comoosacontecimentos(e+sãoindependentes,
7 ²+ q (³ ~ 7 ²+³ d 7 ²(³ ~ d ~
ĐͿ 7 ²) q *³ b 7 ²( q +³ ~ 7 ²)³ d 7 ²*³ b 7 ²(³ d 7 ²+³ ~

d
b
d
~

ϯϱ͘ Oacontecimentocontráriode«sairpelomenosumabolaverde»é«nuncasairbolaverde».
Assim,aprobabilidadedenuncasairbolaverde(nãosairbolaverdenacaixaAenãosairbola
verdenacaixaB)é .Designemospor#onúmerodebolasverdesqueexistemnacaixaB.
d ~ ¯ ~ ¯ c # ~ ¯ # ~
c# c#
Existem5bolasverdesnacaixaB.

ϯϲ͘ Designemospor(,) e9 osacontecimentos:
( ¢ apeçaescolhidacumpreosrequisitosdotesteA
) ¢ apeçaescolhidacumpreosrequisitosdotesteB
9 ¢ apeçaescolhidaérejeitada 9 ~(r)
Se( e) sãoindependentes,(e) tambémosão.

7 ²9³ ~ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ~
~ b c d ~
ϯϳ͘ Designemospor(e) osacontecimentos:

( ¢ aAnaultrapassaamarcade55metros
) ¢ aBárbaraultrapassaamarcade55metros

SabeͲseque(e) sãoindependentes,que7 ²(³ ~ Á eque7 ²)³ ~ Á .
ĂͿ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ~

~ Á b Á c Á d Á ~ Á
ďͿ Se(e) sãoindependentestambémosão(e) ,e(e) .

Aprobabilidadepedidaé7 ²( q )³ b 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ b 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ~
~ Á d ² c Á ³ b ² c Á ³ d Á ~ Á .
ϯϴ͘ 7 ²(³ ~
~ Â 7 ²)³ ~
~ Â 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ~ d ~
.
( q ) ¢ sainúmeroímparemenordoque3
( q ) ¢ saionúmero1
7 ²( q )³ ~
.Como7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³,osacontecimentos(e) são
independentesÀ
ϯϵ͘ 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ¯

¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ¯
¯ 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ¯ 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ ² c 7 ²(³³ d 7 ²)³ ¯
¯ 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²)³ c 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ¯ 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³
Logo,osacontecimentos(e) sãoindependentesÀ
ϰϬ͘ SabeͲsequeosacontecimentos(e) sãoindependentes,peloque(e) Á e(e)

tambémosão.
7 ²( r )³ c 7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ c 7 ²(³ c 7 ²)³ b 7 ²( q )³ ~
~ 7 ²)³ c 7 ²(³7 ²)³ c 7 ²)³ b 7 ²(³7 ²)³ ~ 7 ²)³² c 7 ²(³³ c 7 ²)³² c 7 ²(³³ ~
~ ² c 7 ²(³³²7 ²)³ c 7 ²)³³ ~ 7 ²(³²7 ²)³ c b 7 ²)³³ ~ 7 ²(³²7 ²)³ c ³ ~
~ 7 ²(³7 ²)³ c 7 ²(³ ~ 7 ²( q )³ c 7 ²(³
ϰϭ͘ 7 ²( r ,³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²,³ c 7 ²( q ,³ ¯ 7 ²,³ ~ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²,³ c 7 ²( q ,³ ¯

¯ 7 ²( q ,³ ~ 7 ²(³ ¯ 7 ²( q ,³ ~ 7 ²(³ d ¯ 7 ²( q ,³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²,³
Logo,(e, sãoacontecimentosindependentes.

ϰϮ͘ Se( e) fossemindependentes,terͲseͲia7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³.
TerͲseͲiaentão:
7 ²( r )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ b 7 ²)³ ¯
¯ 7 ²(³ b 7 ²)³ c 7 ²( q )³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ b 7 ²)³ ¯
¯ 7 ²(³ c 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ~ 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ¯
¯ 7 ²(³ c 7 ²(³ d 7 ²)³ ~ ¯
¯ 7 ²(³² c 7 ²)³³ ~ ¯ 7 ²(³ ~ v c 7 ²)³ ~ ¯ 7 ²(³ ~ v 7 ²)³ ~
,o
quecontradizahipótese.
Portanto,osacontecimentos(e) nãosãoindependentes.

ϯ͘&ƵŶĕƁĞƐZĞĂŝƐĚĞsĂƌŝĄǀĞůZĞĂů

ϭ͘ >ŝŵŝƚĞƐĞĐŽŶƚŝŶƵŝĚĂĚĞ

ϭ͘ ĂͿ^ĞũĂ δ ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͘
( )
un − − 2 < δ ⇔ 1 − 2 n + 2 < δ ⇔ 3 − 6 n + 6 n + 2 < δ ⇔ 5 < δ ⇔
3 3n + 1 3 9n + 3 9n + 3

positivo
⇔ 5 < δ ⇔ 5 − 9nδ − 3δ < 0 ⇔ 5 − 9nδ − 3δ < 0 ⇔ n > 5 − 3δ

9n + 3 9Nn+3 9δ
positivo
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƐĞŶĚŽ p ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ 5 − 3δ ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗

9δ
∀n ∈ `, n ≥ p un + 2 < δ ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞ limun = − 2 ͘
3 3

ďͿEĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ δ = 0, 001 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ n > 5 − 3δ ͖ůŽŐŽ͗

9δ
5 − 3 × 0,001
n> ⇔ n > 4997 e 4997 ≈ 555,22
9 × 0,001 9 9
ŵĞŶŽƌŽƌĚĞŵĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚĂƋƵĂůŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵăǀŝǌŝŶŚĂŶĕĂĠϱϱϱ͕ĞǆĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͘

Ϯ͘ ĂͿ^ĞũĂ L ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͘
vn > L ⇔ 0,1n 2 − 200 > L ⇔ n 2 > 10 L + 2000 ⇔ n > 10 L + 2000
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƐĞŶĚŽ p ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ 10 L + 2000 ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗

∀n ∈ `, n ≥ p vn > L ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞ lim vn = +∞ ͘

ďͿEĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ L = 1000 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ n > 10 L + 2000 ͖ůŽŐŽ͗
n > 10 ×1000 + 2000 ⇔ n > 20 30 e 20 30 109,54
ŵĞŶŽƌ ŽƌĚĞŵ Ă ƉĂƌƚŝƌ ĚĂ ƋƵĂů ŽƐ ƚĞƌŵŽƐ ĚĂ ƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ (vn ) ƐĆŽ ŵĂŝŽƌĞƐ ĚŽ ƋƵĞ ϭϬϬϬ Ġ ϭϬϵ͕
ĞǆĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͘

ϯ͘ ĂͿ^ĞũĂ L ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͘
wn < − L ⇔ 50 − 2n3 < − L ⇔ n > 3 L + 50

2
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƐĞŶĚŽ p ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ 3 L + 50 ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗

2
∀n ∈ `, n ≥ p wn < − L ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞ lim wn = −∞ ͘

ďͿEĞƐƚĞĐĂƐŽ L = 1500 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ n > 3 L + 50 ͖ůŽŐŽ͗
2
n > 3 1500 + 50 ⇔ n > 3 775 e 3 775 ≈ 9,19

2
ŵĞŶŽƌŽƌĚĞŵĂƉĂƌƚŝƌĚĂƋƵĂůŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ ( wn ) ƐĆŽŵĞŶŽƌĞƐĚŽƋƵĞ −1500 ĠŶŽǀĞ͕
ĞǆĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͘

ϰ͘ ^ĞũĂ L ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽ͘
2n − n > L ⇔ n > L Ğ 2n + n > L ⇔ n > L
3
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƐĞŶĚŽ p ƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ L ͕ĞůĞƚĂŵďĠŵĠŵĂŝŽƌĚŽƋƵĞ L Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͗
3
∀n ∈ `, n ≥ p un > L ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞ limun = +∞ ͘
^Ğ n ĠƉĂƌ͕ un = 2n + n = 3n ͘
WĂƌĂ n ƉĂƌ͕ un < 1000 ⇔ 3n < 1000 ⇔ n < 1000 e 1000 ≈ 333,33 ͘
3 3
^ŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞŶĂƐĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐƉĞĚŝĚĂƐƚĞŵŽƐƚĂŶƚŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚĞŽƌĚĞŵƉĂƌƋƵĂŶƚŽƐŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƉĂƌĞƐ
332
ŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌĞƐŽƵŝŐƵĂŝƐĂϯϯϯ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕ = 166 ͘
2
^Ğ n ĠşŵƉĂƌ͕ un = 2n − n = n ͘
WĂƌĂ n şŵƉĂƌ͕ un < 1000 ⇔ n < 1000 ͘
^ŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂ ƋƵĞ ŶĂƐ ĐŽŶĚŝĕƁĞƐ ƉĞĚŝĚĂƐ ƚĞŵŽƐ ƚĂŶƚŽƐ ƚĞƌŵŽƐ ĚĞ ŽƌĚĞŵ şŵƉĂƌ ƋƵĂŶƚŽƐ ŽƐ ŶƷŵĞƌŽƐ
998
şŵƉĂƌĞƐŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌĞƐĂϭϬϬϬ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕ + 1 = 500 ͘dĞŵŽƐ͕ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ 166 + 500 = 666 ƚĞƌŵŽƐĚĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ
2
ŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌĞƐĂϭϬϬϬ͘

un + vn lim(un + vn ) lim un + lim vn 2 − 4 −2
ϱ͘ ĂͿ lim = = = 2 = = −1
un2 ( )
lim un2
(lim un )
2
2 4 2

1 1 1 1
ďͿ lim(un × vn ) 3 = ( lim(un × vn )) 3 = ( lim un × lim vn ) 3 = ( 2 × (−4)) 3 = 3 − 8 = −2

( )
ϲ͘ ĂͿ lim un = lim n 2 + 2n = +∞ + ( +∞) = +∞
(
ďͿ limvn = lim 3 +
n +1 )
2 = 3+ 0 = 3

ĐͿ lim (1 − 2n − un ) = lim (1 − 2n − n2 − 2n) = lim(−n2 − 4n + 1) = −∞ + ( −∞) + 1 = −∞


«¬ ) (
ĚͿ lim ª n 2 + 2n × 1 − 3 − 2
( n +1 )»¼º = lim «¬ª(n + 2n) × (−2 − n 2+ 1)»¼º =
2
= ( +∞ + ( +∞ )) × ( −2 − 0) = −∞

2
ĞͿ lim n + 2n = +∞ = +∞
3+ 2 3
n +1
vn − 3 3+ 2 −3 2
ĨͿ lim = lim n + 1 = lim n +1 = 0 = 0
1 − un 2
1 − n − 2n 1 − n − 2n −∞
2
ŐͿ lim 1 = lim 1 = lim 1 = 1− = −∞

3 − vn 3−3− 2 − 2 0
n +1 n +1

3+ 2
ŚͿ lim
vn
= lim n +1 = 3 + 0 = 3 = 0
1 − un 1 − n − 2n −∞ −∞
2

ª § ·º
ϳ͘ ĂͿ lim (10n 2 − 0,01n3 + 10) = lim «n3 ¨ 10 − 0,01 + 103 ¸» = +∞ × ( 0 − 0,01 + 0) = −∞
SI +∞+ ( −∞ ) ¬ © n n ¹¼

( n − n + 2)( n + n + 2)
ďͿ lim( n − n + 2) = lim = lim n − n − 2 =
SI +∞+ ( −∞ ) n + n+2 n + n+2
= lim −2 = −2 = 0
n + n + 2 +∞

( n 2 + 2 − n)( n2 + 2 + n) 2 2
ĐͿ lim ( n 2 + 2 − n) = lim = lim n + 2 − n =
SI +∞+( −∞)
n2 + 2 + n n2 + 2 + n
= lim 2 = 2 = 0
n + 2 + n +∞
2
ĚͿ lim 2n − 1 = lim

( )
n 2− 1
n
= lim
2− 1
n = 2−0 = 2
3n + 2 SI ∞
∞ ( )
n 3+ 2
n
3+ 2 3+ 0 3
n

ĞͿ lim
n 2 − ( n − 1)2 2 2
= lim n − n + 2n − 1 = lim 2n − 1 = lim
( )
n 2− 1
n
= lim
2− 1
n = 2
3n + 2 3n + 2 3n + 2
( )
n 3+ 2
n
3+ 2
n
3


2
ĨͿ lim 2 n − 1 = lim
( )
n 2− 1
n
= lim
2− 1
n = 2−0 = 2 = 0
+∞(3 + 0) +∞
3n + 2 SI ∞ n 2 §¨ 3 + 22 ·¸ n¨§ 3 + 22 ¸·
∞
© n ¹ © n ¹

n 2 §¨ 2 + 12 ·¸ n 2 + 12 2 + 12
2
© n ¹
ŐͿ lim 2n + 1 = lim = lim n = lim n = 2 + 0 = 2
3n + 2 SI ∞
∞ n 3+ 2 ( )
n
n 3+ 2
n ( ) 3+ 2
n
3+ 0 3
n 2 §¨1 + 12 ·¸ − 2n n 1 + 12 − 2n
2
© n ¹
ŚͿ lim n + 1 − 2n = lim = lim n =
n+3
n 1+ 3
n( ) n 1+ 3
n ( )
§ ·
n¨ 1 + 12 − 2 ¸ 1 + 12 − 2
= lim © n ¹ = lim n = 1 + 0 − 2 = 1 − 2 = −1
n 1+ 3( )
n
1+ 3
n
1+ 0 1
§
ŝͿ lim¨ 2 ×2 n n + 1 ·
¸ = lim 2 2 n 2
+ 2 n = lim
( )
n2 2 + 2
n
= lim
2+ 2
n = 2 =1
© n + 1 2 ¹SI0×∞ 2n + 2 n 2 §¨ 2 + 22 ·¸ 2 + 22 2
© n ¹ n

n +1 − 1 2n + 2 − 2n + 1 3
ũͿ lim 2 n − 1 2 = lim 4 n − 2 = lim − 2 = lim 3n + 6 = lim n + 2 =
4 n
3− 3n 3 n + 6 − 3n 6 SI 0 24n − 12 8n − 4 SI ∞
∞
n+2 n+2 n+2 0
= lim
( )
n 1+ 2
n 1+ 2
= lim n = 1
( )
n 8− 4
n
8− 4 8
n

§ · § n +1·
n 2 ¨ n + 1¸
3
¨ ¸
¨ 3 ¸
© n ¹ = lim ¨ n 2 × 3 n 2
3 2 2 3
ŬͿ lim n + n = lim ¸=
1 + n SI ∞∞ § 1 · ¨ n 1 +1 ¸

n¨ + 1¸ ¨ ¸
© n ¹ n
© ¹
§ 6 3 ·
n
¨ 6 4 6 4 + 1¸ § 6 1 +1
·
¨ ¸
= lim¨ n × n ¸ = lim 6 n × n
¨
0 +1
¸ = +∞ × 0 + 1 = +∞
¨6 3 1 ¸ 1
¨ n +1 ¸ ¨ + 1¸
¨ n ¸ © n ¹
© ¹


() ()
ª º
() ()+
ª º
n −n n n
ůͿ lim « 1 + 3 + n 2 » = lim « 1 + 2 n
2» = 0 + 0 +1 = 1
¬ 2 2 ¼ ¬ 2 3 ¼

ª
()
nº
()
n
4n «1 + 3 » 1+ 3
2n n n n
¬ 4 ¼
ŵͿ lim 2n+1 + 3n +1 = lim n4+1 + 3n+1 = 1 + 0 = 1
4
= lim = lim
4(0 + 1) 4
ª
() º ª
() º
+ +1
2 + 4 SI ∞∞ 2 +4 n 1 n
4n+1 « 2 + 1» 4« 1 + 1»
¬ 4 ¼ ¬ 2 ¼

ª
() º
n +1
− 1
n « 1 » 1− 0 = 2 = 4
ŶͿ lim ¦ 2
1−k 2
= lim «2 × » = 2×
k =0 « 1− 1 » 1− 1 1
«¬ 2 »¼ 2 2

1 + 2k = lim ª 1 × º ª 1 3 + 3 + (n − 1) × 2 º
n n
ŽͿ lim¦ « ¦ (1 + 2 k ) » = lim « 2 × × n» =
k =1 n 2
+ 1 ¬ n 2
+ 1 k =1 ¼ ¬ n + 1 2 ¼
n
= lim 2+2
2 n = lim
n2 1 + 2
n ( )
= lim
1+ 2
n = 1 + 0 = 1
n +1 § ·
n 2 ¨1 + 12 ¸ 1+ 2 1+ 0
1
© n ¹ n

ϴ͘ ĂͿ lim(n + tg 2 n) = +∞ ͖ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ `, n + tg
Nn ≥ n Ğ limn = +∞ ͘
2
≥0

ďͿ lim 2 − n = −∞ ͖ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ `, cos n ≤ 1 ⇔ − cos n ≥− 1 ⇔ 3 − cos n ≥ 2
3 − cos n
WĞůŽƋƵĞ 2 − n ≤ 2 − n Ğ lim 2 − n = −∞ ͘

3 − cos n 2 2

( )
n
ĐͿ lim 5n + 1 = +∞ ͖ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ `, 5n + 1 ≥ 5n ĞƉĂƌĂ n ≥ 3, n + 3 ≤ 2n
n+3
ƋƵĞƌ 5n + 1 ƋƵĞƌ n + 3 ƐĆŽƉŽƐŝƚŝǀŽƐ͘
( ) = +∞ ͘
n
>ŽŐŽ͕ ∀n ∈ `, n ≥ 3 5n + 1 ≥ 5n Ğ lim 5
n + 3 2n 2

ϵ͘ lim un = lim 2 n + 3 = lim

n 2+ 3
n ( )
= lim
2+ 3
n = 2 + 0 = 2 ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƐĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ (v ) ĨŽƌ
n +1
( ) 1+ 0 n
1 1+ 1
n 1+
n n
ĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ lim vn ≤ lim un ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim vn ≤ 2 ͘


ϭϬ͘ lim un = lim (n + cos n) = +∞ ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ ` , cos n ≥ −1 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ ∀n ∈ ` , n + cos n ≥ n − 1 Ğ
lim(n − 1) = +∞ ͘
lim vn = lim (sen n − n) = −∞ ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ `, sen n ≤ 1 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ ∀n ∈ ` , sen n − n ≤ 1 − n Ğ
lim(1 − n) = −∞ ͘

ϭϭ͘ limvn = −∞ ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ `,vn ≤ −un Ğ lim(−un ) = lim

−2n2 − 1 =
n+2
n 2 §¨ −2 − 12 ·¸ n¨§ −2 − 12 ·¸
= lim © n ¹ = lim © n ¹ = +∞(−2 − 0) = −∞
( )
n 1+ 2
n
1+ 2
n
1+ 0

vn
ϭϮ͘ limvn = −∞ ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ ` , ≥ 1 ∧ un < 0 ∀n ∈ ` ,vn ≤ un Ğ limun = −∞ ͘
un

2n 2
ϭϯ͘ limun = +∞ ͕ƉŽŝƐ ¦ 2 k + n ≥ 2 × 1 + n × n = 2 + n Ğ lim(2 + n) = +∞ ͘
k =1
n n

2n + cos(2n)
ϭϰ͘ĂͿ lim un = lim = 2 ͖ƉŽŝƐ͕ ∀n ∈ `, − 1 ≤ cos(2n) ≤ 1 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
n +1
2n + cos(2n) 2n + 1
∀n ∈ `, 2n − 1 ≤ ≤ Ğ lim 2n − 1 = lim 2n + 1 = 2 ͘
n +1 n +1 n +1 n +1 n +1
EŽƚĂƋƵĞ lim 2n − 1 = lim 2n = lim 2 = 2 ĞƋƵĞ lim 2n + 1 = lim 2n = lim 2 = 2
n +1 n n +1 n

ďͿ lim vn = limn = 1 ͖ƉŽŝƐ͕ ∀n ∈ `, − 1 ≤ sen n ≤ 1 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
2n − sen n 2
∀n ∈ `, n ≤ n ≤ n Ğ lim n = lim n = 1 ͘
2n + 1 2n − sen n 2n − 1 2n + 1 2n − 1 2
( ) = 0 ͖ƉŽŝƐ ∀n ∈ `, n ≥ 3 0 ≤ 2n − 5 ≤ 2n Ğ
n
ĐͿ lim wn = lim 2n − 5
3n + 1
∀n ∈ ` , 3n + 1 ≥ 3n ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ ∀n ∈ `, n ≥ 3 0 ≤ w ≤ ( 2n ) Ğ lim( 2 ) = 0 ͘

n n
n
3n 3

ϭϱ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ ∀n ∈ `,un ≤ vn ≤ −2 ͘ŽŵŽ lim un = lim1 − 2n = lim −2n = lim( −2) = −2 ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐ
n +1 n
ƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ (vn ) ĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞĞ limvn = −2 ͘

ϭϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ ∀n ∈ `, n × un + 1 > 0 ⇔ ∀n ∈ `, n × un > −1 ⇔ ∀n ∈ `, un > − 1 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
n
1
∀n ∈ `,− < un < 0 ͘
n
1
( )
ŽŵŽ lim − = 0 ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ (un )
n
ĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞĞ limun = 0 ͘

n
ϭϳ͘ ¦
2n + 1 = 2n + 1 + 2n + 1 + " + 2n + 1 ͘hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂǀĂůŽƌĚĞ n
2
k =1 k + n 1 + n2 2 + n2 n + n2
;ĐŽŵ n ∈ ` Ϳ͕ĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ ( vk ) ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ vk =
2n + 1 ĠĞƐƚƌŝƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͕
k + n2
n n n
ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ ¦
2n + 1 ≤ 2n + 1 ≤ 2n + 1
2 ¦ k + n2 ¦1 + n2 ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞ͗
k =1 n + n k =1 k =1
n
2n + 1 = 2n + 1 × n = 2n 2 + n Ğ lim 2n 2 + n = lim 2n 2 = 2
• ¦ n + n2 n + n2 n + n2 n + n2 n2
k =1
n
2n + 1 = 2n + 1 × n = 2n 2 + n Ğ lim 2n 2 + n lim 2n 2 2
• ¦1 + n 2 1 + n 2 1 + n2 1 + n2
=
n2
=
k =1
n
2n + 1 = 2 ͘
ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ lim¦ 2
k =1 k + n

2n
n 2 + k = n 2 + n + n 2 + n + 1 + n 2 + n + 2 + " + n 2 + 2n =
ϭϴ͘ ¦ 3

k = n 2k + n 2n + n3 2(n + 1) + n3 2(n + 2) + n3 2 × 2n + n3
2 2 2 2
= n3 + n + n3 + n + 1 + n3 + n + 2 + " + n 3 + 2n ͘;ΎͿ
n + 2 n n + 2 n + 2 n + 2n + 4 n + 4n
2n 2n 2n
n2 + n ≤ n 2 + k ≤ n 2 + 2n
ŶƚĆŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ n > 2 ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ ¦ 3 ¦ 3 ¦ n3 + 4n ͘
k =n n + 2 n k =n 2 k + n k =n
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ͗
•¦ 3
2n
n 2
+ n n
= 3
2
+ n × ( 2n − n + 1) =
( =
)
n2 + n ( n + 1) n3 + 2n 2 + n
Ğ
3 3
k =n n + 2 n n + 2 n n + 2 n n + 2 n
3 2 3
lim n +3 2n + n = lim n3 = 1
n + 2n n
•¦ 3
2n
n 2
+ 2 n n
= 3
2
+ 2 n × ( 2n − n + 1) =
( =
)
n 2 + 2n ( n + 1) n3 + 3n 2 + 2n
Ğ
k = n n + 4n n + 4n n3 + 4 n n 3 + 4n
3 2 3
lim n + 33n + 2n = lim n3 = 1
n + 4n n
2n
n2 + k = 1
ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ lim ¦ ͘
k =n 2 k + n3


;ΎͿEŽƚĂƋƵĞ͕ƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂǀĂůŽƌĚĞ n ͕ĐŽŵ n ∈ ` Ğ n > 2 ͕ĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ (vk ) ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ
2
vk = n + k3 ĠĞƐƚƌŝƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͕ƉŽŝƐ͗
2k + n
2 2 2 2 5 3 3 2 2 2 5 3
vk +1 − vk = n + k + 13 − n + k3 = 2kn + 2k + 2k + n + kn + n −32kn − 23k − 2n − 2k − n − kn =
2k + 2 +3 n 2k + n3
(2k +n ) ( 2 k +2+ n )
2k + 2 + n 2k + n ( )( )

n3 − 2 n 2 n 2 ( n − 2) n2
= = = (n − 2)
( )(
2 k + 2 + n3 2 k + n3 ) ( )(
2 k + 2 + n3 2k + n3 ) (
2 k + 2 + n3 2k + n3

)(
positivopara n >2
)
positivo

ϭϵ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ
n! = n × (n − 1) × (n − 2) ×" × 2 ×1 = n × n − 1 × n − 2 ×! × 2 × 1 ͘
nn × n ×
n ×" × n ×
n
n n n n n n
n fatores
ƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽĂƋƵĞ n = 1 ĞĂƋƵĞŽƐĨĂƚŽƌĞƐ n − 1, n − 2 , ! , 2 ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƐŵĞŶŽƌĞƐĚŽƋƵĞϭ͕

n n n n
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞ ∀n ∈ `, nn! ≤ 1 ͘
n n
ŶƚĆŽ͕ ∀n ∈ `, 0 ≤ nn! ≤ 1 Ğ͕ ĚĂĚŽ ƋƵĞ lim 1 = 0 ͕ Ž ƚĞŽƌĞŵĂ ĚĂƐ ƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐ ĞŶƋƵĂĚƌĂĚĂƐ ƉĞƌŵŝƚĞ
n n n
n! n!
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ (un ) ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ un = n ĠĐŽŶǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĞĞ lim n = 0 ͘
n n

ϮϬ͘^ĞũĂ ( xn ) ƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂϮĞƚĞŵŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞǌĞƌŽ͘
xn 2 − 4 (lim xn ) 2 − 4 22 − 4
lim f ( xn ) = lim = = =0
xn lim xn 2
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim f ( x) = 0 ͘
x →2
^ĞũĂ (un ) ƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ĞƚĞŵŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞƐĚĞǌĞƌŽ͘

un 2 − 4 § un 2 4 ·
lim f (un ) = lim = lim ¨ − ¸ = limun − 4 = +∞ − 4 = +∞ − 0 = +∞
un © n un ¹
u lim un +∞
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ lim f ( x) = +∞ ͘
x →+∞

Ϯϭ͘^ĞũĂŵ (un ) Ğ (vn ) ĂƐƐƵĐĞƐƐƁĞƐĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉŽƌ un = −1 − 1 Ğ vn = −1 + 1 ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ

n n
( 1
) 1
(
lim un = lim −1 − = −1 Ğ lim vn = lim −1 + = −1 Ğ
n n )
lim f (un ) = +∞ Ğ lim f (vn ) = 2 ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ lim f ( x) ͘
x →1

2 2 2
ϮϮ͘ĂͿ lim 2 x + x −2 1 = lim 2 x2 + x − 1 = lim 2 x 2 = 1
x →+∞ (2 x + 1) x →+∞ 4 x + 4 x + 1 x →+∞ 4 x 2

2
ďͿ lim 2 x 3+ x − 1 = lim
2 x − 1 ( x + 1)
2 ( )
= lim 22 x − 1 = −2 − 1 = −1
x →−1 x +1 x →−1 ( x + 1)( x − x + 1) x →−1 x − x + 1 1 + 1 + 1
2
−1 ± 1 − 4 × 2 × (−1)
2 x2 + x − 1 = 0 ⇔ x = ⇔ x = −1 ± 3 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ x = −1
4 4 2
2
( )
2 x + x − 1 = 2 x − 1 ( x + 1)
2
ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ϭ
െͳ െͳ ϭ െͳ
ϭ െͳ ϭ Ϭ
(
x3 + 1 = ( x + 1) x 2 − x + 1 )

ĐͿ lim
2 x + 5 − 3 = lim ( 2x + 5 − 3 )( 2x + 5 + 3 ) = lim 2x + 5 − 9 =
x →2 x2 − 2x x →2
(x 2
− 2x )( 2x + 5 + 3 ) x →2
( 2
)(
x − 2x 2x + 5 + 3 )
2x − 4 2( x − 2) 2
= lim = lim = lim =
x →2
( )( )
x 2 − 2 x 2 x + 5 + 3 x → 2 x ( x − 2) 2 x + 5 + 3 x → 2 x ( ) ( )
2x + 5 + 3
= 2 =1
2 ( 4+5 +3 6 )

x2 §¨1 + 12 ·¸ − 3x x 1 + 12 − 3x
2
x + 1 − 3x = lim © x ¹ x
ĚͿ lim = lim =
x→+∞ x+ x x→+∞ § x · x →+∞ § x ·
x¨1 + x¨1 + 2 ¸
© x ¹¸ © x ¹
§ ·
x¨ 1 + 12 − 3¸ 1 + 12 − 3
= lim © x ¹ = lim x = −2
x→+∞ § 1 · x→+∞ 1
x¨1 + 1+
© x ¹¸ x

2 ( x − 1)( x + 1) = lim x + 1
ĞͿ lim x − 12 = lim
x →1 ( x − 1) x →1 ( x − 1)2 x →1 x − 1
lim+ x + 1 = 2+ = +∞ Ğ lim− x + 1 = 2− = −∞ ͖ ůŽŐŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ lim x − 12 ͘

2
x →1 x − 1 0 x →1 x − 1 0 x →1 ( x − 1)


ĨͿ lim x − 1 + x + 1 = lim
( )(
x −1 + x + 1 x −1 − x + 1
= lim
)
( x − 1)2 − ( x + 1)
=
x →0 x2 + x x →0
( )(
x2 + x x −1 − x + 1 )
( ) (
x →0 x x + 1 x − 1 − x + 1
)
x 2 − 2 x + 1 − x − 1 = lim x 2 − 3x x( x − 3)
= lim = lim =
( ) (
x →0 x x + 1 x − 1 − x + 1
) ( ) (
x →0 x x + 1 x − 1 − x + 1
)
( ) (
x →0 x x + 1 x − 1 − x + 1
)
= lim x −3 = 0−3 =3
( ) (
x →0 x + 1 x − 1 − x + 1
) (
(0 + 1) 0 − 1 − 0 + 1 2 )

1 − 3x + 4 x
ŐͿ lim = lim −1 + 3x + 4 x = lim 7 x − 1 = lim 7 x = 7
x→+∞ x−3 x→+∞ x−3 x →+∞ x − 3 x→+∞ x
1 − 3x se x ≤ 1
1 − 3x se 1 − 3x ≥ 0 ° 3
1 − 3x = ® =®
¯−1 + 3x se 1 − 3x < 0 °−1 + 3x se x > 1
¯ 3
x − 3 se x − 3 ≥ 0 x − 3 se x ≥ 3
x −3 = ® =®
¯− x + 3 se x − 3 < 0 ¯− x + 3 se x < 3

1 − 3x + 4 x
ŚͿ lim = lim 1 − 3x + 4 x = lim x + 1 = lim x = −1
x→−∞ x −3 x→−∞ − x + 3 x→−∞ − x + 3 x →−∞ − x

2 x( x − 3) x( x − 3)
ŝͿ lim x − 3 x = lim = lim = lim x = 3
x →3+ 6 − 2 x x →3+ 2 x − 6 x →3+ 2( x − 3) x →3+ 2 2
2 x( x − 3) x( x − 3)
lim x − 3 x = lim = lim = lim x = − 3
− −2 x + 6 − −2( x − 3)
x →3− 6 − 2x
x →3 x →3 x →3− −2 2
6 − 2 x se 6 − 2 x ≥ 0 −2 x + 6 se x ≤ 3
6 − 2x = ® =®
¯− 6 + 2 x se 6 − 2 x < 0 ¯ 2 x − 6 se x > 3
2
>ŽŐŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ lim x − 3 x ͘
x →3 6 − 2 x

Ϯϯ͘ lim f ( x) = −∞ ͖ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƐĞ ∀x ∈ \ \ {1}, f ( x ) ≤ x − 3 2 ĞƐĞ lim x − 3 2 = −+2 = −∞ ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ
x →1 (1 − x ) x →1 (1 − x ) 0
lim f ( x ) = −∞ ͘
x →1

2
Ϯϰ͘ lim f ( x) = +∞ ͖ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ĂƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽĂƋƵĞƐĞ ∀x ∈ ]−∞,2[, f ( x) ≥ 1 − 2 x ĞƐĞ
x →−∞ x−2
2 2
lim 1 − 2 x = lim −2 x = lim (−2 x) = +∞ ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ lim f ( x) = +∞ ͘
x →−∞ x − 2 x →−∞ x x →−∞ x →−∞


Ϯϱ͘ lim f ( x) = +∞ ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀x ∈ \ , cos x ≤ 1 ⇔ cos x − 3 ≤ −2 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƉĂƌĂ x < 0 ƚĞŵͲƐĞ
x →−∞
∀x ∈ \ , f ( x ) ≥ −2 x3 Ğ lim ( −2 x 3 ) = +∞ ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ lim f ( x) = +∞ ͘

x →−∞ x →−∞
lim f ( x) = −∞ ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀x ∈ \ , cos x ≤ 1 ⇔ cos x − 3 ≤ −2 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞƉĂƌĂ x > 0 ƚĞŵͲƐĞ f ( x ) ≤ −2 x3 Ğ

x →+∞
lim ( −2 x 3 ) = −∞ ͘
x →+∞

Ϯϲ͘ lim g ( x) = −∞ ͖ƉŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ƵŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞ ∀x ∈ \ \ {0}, g ( x) ≤ f ( x) ĞĂƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽĂƋƵĞ
x →0
lim f ( x) = −∞ ͕ůŽŐŽ lim g ( x) = −∞ ͘
x →0 x →0

Ϯϳ͘ lim f ( x) = +∞ ͖ ƉŽƌ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĂĕĆŽ͕ ƵŵĂ ǀĞǌ ƋƵĞ ∀x ∈ \ − , f ( x) ≥ g ( x) Ğ ĂƚĞŶĚĞŶĚŽ Ă ƋƵĞ ƐĞ
x →−∞
݃ƚĞŵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ \ − ĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = −2 x + 1 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĞŶƚĆŽ

lim g ( x) = +∞
x →−∞ ͘
WĞůŽƋƵĞ lim f ( x) = +∞ ͘
x →−∞

Ϯϴ͘ĂͿ lim ª( x − 3)sen 1 º = 0 ƉŽƌƋƵĞƉĂƌĂ x ≠ 3 ǀĞŵƋƵĞ −1 ≤ sen 1 ≤ 1 ͘
x →3 ¬« x − 3 ¼» x−3
YƵĂŶĚŽ x → 3+ ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ −( x − 3) ≤ ( x − 3)sen 1 ≤ x − 3 ĞĐŽŵŽ
x −3
lim ( − x + 3) = lim+ ( x − 3) = 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ lim+ ª( x − 3)sen 1 º = 0 ͘
x →3+ x →3 «
x →3 ¬ x − 3 ¼»

YƵĂŶĚŽ x → 3− ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ x − 3 ≤ ( x − 3)sen 1 ≤ −( x − 3) ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
x −3
lim− ( − x + 3) = lim− ( x − 3) = 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ lim− ª( x − 3)sen 1 º = 0 ͘
x →3 x →3 «
x →3 ¬ x − 3 ¼»
>ŽŐŽ͕ lim ª( x − 3)sen 1 º = 0 ͘
x →3 «
¬ x − 3 »¼

ďͿ lim x + sen x = 1
x →+∞ 2 x + 1 2
§ ·
x ¨1 − 1 ¸ 1− 1
Ğ lim
x − 1 = lim © x ¹ = lim x = 1 Ğ
x →+∞ 2 x + 1 x →+∞ § · x →+∞
2+ 1 2
x¨2 + 1 ¸
© x¹ x
§ ·
x ¨1 + 1 ¸ 1+ 1
lim x + 1 = lim © x¹
= lim x =1
x →+∞ 2 x + 1 x →+∞ § · x →+∞
2+ 1 2
x¨2 + 1 ¸
© x¹ x


ĐͿ lim 2x = 2
x →−∞ 3 x + cos x 3
Ğ lim 2 x = lim 2 x = 2 Ğ lim 2 x = lim 2 x = 2
x →−∞ 3 x + 1x →−∞ 3 x 3 x →−∞ 3 x − 1 x →−∞ 3 x 3

ĚͿ lim
sen x + 5 + x = 1 ƉŽƌƋƵĞ
x→+∞ 2x +1 2
−1 ≤ sen x ≤ 1 ⇔ 4 ≤ sen x + 5 ≤ 6 ⇔ 2 ≤ sen x + 5 ≤ 6 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
lim 2 + x = lim x = 1 e lim 6 + x = lim x = 1

x→+∞ 2 x + 1 x→+∞ 2 x 2 x→+∞ 2 x + 1 x→+∞ 2 x 2

Ϯϵ͘ lim h( x) = −6 ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀x ∈ Dh , f ( x) ≤ h( x) ≤ g ( x)
x →−3
( )
lim g ( x) = lim x 2 + 7 x + 6 = −6 Ğ
x →−3 x →−3
2
( x − 3)( x + 3)
lim f ( x) = lim x − 9 = lim = lim ( x − 3) = −6
x →−3 x →−3 x + 3 x →−3 x+3 x →−3

h( x )
ϯϬ͘ lim f ( x) = −1 ͕ƉŽŝƐ ∀x ∈ \ + , ≤ f ( x) ≤ g ( x) Ğ͕ĐŽŵŽĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = −1 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽ
x→+∞ x
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ lim g ( x) = −1 ͘
x →+∞
^ĂďĞŵŽƐƚĂŵďĠŵƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = − x + 2 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
h( x )
lim = −1 ͘
x →+∞ x

ϯϭ͘ D f = ]−3, +∞[ ͖ƉĂƌĂ −3 < x < 3 ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͖
ƉĂƌĂ x > 3 ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͘

−(3 − x) § ·
lim− f ( x) = lim− x − 3 = lim− = lim− ¨ 3 − x × −1 ¸ =
x →3 x →3
9− x 2 x →3 (3 − x)(3 + x) x→3 © 3 − x 3+ x ¹
§ 3− x 2 ·
= lim− ¨ ( ) × − 1 ¸ = lim § 3 − x × −1 · = 0 × § − 1 · = 0
x →3 ¨
¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
3 − x 3 + x ¸ x→3− © 3+ x ¹ © 6¹
© ¹
2
lim+ f ( x) = lim+ x 2− 6 x + 9 = lim+
( x − 3) 2
= lim+ x − 3 = 0 = 0
x →3 x →3 2 x − 5 x − 3 x →3
( )
1
2 x + ( x − 3) x→3
2
2x +1 7
͕ĐŽŵŽ f (3) = 0 ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĂŵďĠŵĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉĂƌĂ x = 3 ͘

>ŽŐŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵƚŽĚŽŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͘
Dg = \ ͖ ƉĂƌĂ x < 2 ͕ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ ƉŽƌ ƐĞƌ Ă ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂ Ğ ƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞ ĚĞ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͖
ƉĂƌĂ x > 2 ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͘


lim− g ( x) = lim− x−2 = lim−
( x − 2) x − 2 + 2 − x (
= lim−
( x − 2) x − 2 + 2 − x ) =
( )
x→2 x→2
(
x − 2 − 2 − x x →2 x − 2 − 2 − x x − 2 + 2 − x x→2
)(
( x − 2) 2 − ( 2 − x ) )
( x − 2 )( x − 2 + 2− x ) = lim ( x − 2)( x − 2 + 2− x ) = lim ( x − 2)( x − 2 + 2− x )=
= lim−
x →2 x2 − 4 x + 4 − 2 + x x → 2− x 2 − 3x + 2 x → 2− ( x − 2)( x − 1)
= lim− x − 2 + 2 − x = 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 = 0 = 0
x→2 x −1 2 −1 1
lim+ g ( x ) = lim+ x − 1 = 1 ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞůŝŵŝƚĞŶŽƉŽŶƚŽϮ͕ůŽŐŽŶĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉĂƌĂ x = 2 ͘
x→2 x→2
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ŶĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉĂƌĂ x = 2 ͘

2
ϯϮ͘ lim− f ( x) = lim− x + 3 − 2 = lim−
( x2 + 3 − 2 )( x2 + 3 + 2 ) = lim x2 + 3 − 4
x →1 x →1 1− x x →1
(1 − x) ( 2
x +3 +2 ) x →1−
(1 − x) ( 2
x +3 +2 )
x2 − 1 ( x − 1)( x + 1) x +1
= lim− = lim− = lim− = 2 = −1
x →1
(1 − x) ( 2
x +3+2 ) x →1
−( x − 1) ( 2
x +3+2 ) x →1
− ( x + 3 + 2 −4
2
) 2
lim+ x +1 = 2 = −1
x →1
− ( x2 + 3 + 2 −4
) 2
f (1) = k ͕ůŽŐŽƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƐĞũĂĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ k = − 1 ͘

2

ϯϯ͘ ĂͿ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ h Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğŵ [0,1], h(0) = −1 Ğ h(1) = 2 ͘ ĂĚŽ ƋƵĞ h(0) < 0 < h(1) ͕ Ž ƚĞŽƌĞŵĂ ĚĞ
ŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∃c ∈ ]0,1[ : h(c ) = 0 ͘

ďͿ h′( x ) = 4 x3 + 6 x 2 ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ∀x ∈ ]0,1[, h′( x ) > 0 ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞ h ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [0,1] ͘
ƐƐŝŵ͕ h ŶĆŽƉŽĚĞƚĞƌŵĂŝƐĚŽƋƵĞƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵ ]0,1[ ͘

2 ()
ĐͿ h 1 = − 11 < 0 Ğ h(1) > 0 ͖ŽǌĞƌŽƌĞĨĞƌŝĚŽĞŵďͿƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ º 1 ,1ª ͘
16 ¼» 2 ¬«

ϯϰ͘ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğŵ [−1,4] ƉŽƌ ƐĞƌ Ă ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂ ĚĞ ĚƵĂƐ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ ŶĞƐƐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͖
g ( −1) = 1 − f (−1) = −2 Ğ g (4) = 16 − f (4) = 7 ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞ 2 ∈ ]g ( −1), g (4)[ ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲ
ͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∃x ∈ ]−1,4[ : g ( x ) = 2 ͘

ϯϱ͘ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğ͕ ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ ŶŽ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ĨĞĐŚĂĚŽ ĚĞ ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ a Ğ − a ͘
f ( a ) = a 3 + a Ğ f ( − a ) = − a 3 − a ͘ŽŵŽ a ≠ 0 ͕ f (a ) Ğ f ( −a ) ƐĆŽŶƷŵĞƌŽƐƐŝŵĠƚƌŝĐŽƐ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕Ž
ƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĞƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĚĞ f ĞŶƚƌĞ a Ğ − a ͘


ϯϲ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [−2,5] ƉŽƌƐĞƌĂĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĚĞĚƵĂƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͖
• g ( −2) = f ( −2) + 2 ∈ [−1 + 2,3 + 2] ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ g ( −2) ∈ [1,5] ͖
• g (5) = f (5) − 5 ∈ [−1 − 5,3 − 5] ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ g (5) ∈ [−6, −2] ͖
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ g (−2) > 0 Ğ g (5) < 0 ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
∃c ∈ ]−2,5[ : g (c ) = 0 ͕ůŽŐŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽ͘

ϯϳ͘ WŽƌ ĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂ ŐƌĂĨŝĐĂŵĞŶƚĞ ƚĞŵ
ĚŽŵşŶŝŽ [−2,5] ͕ Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ f (−2) = 6 Ğ f (5) = 2 Ğ ƚĞŵ ĚŽŝƐ
ǌĞƌŽƐŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ]−2,5[ ͘

ϯϴ͘ ^ĞũĂ g Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂ ƉŽƌ g ( x) = h( x ) − x ͘ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğŵ [a,b] Ğ ƵŵĂ ƐŽůƵĕĆŽ ĚĂ
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ h( x) = x ĠƵŵǌĞƌŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ͘
• g ( a ) = h( a ) − a
• g (b) = h(b) − b
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ h(a ) > a ĞƋƵĞ h(b) < b ͕ƐĂďĞŵŽƐƋƵĞ
h ( a ) − a > 0 ⇔ g (a ) > 0 ĞƋƵĞ h (b ) − b < 0 ⇔ g (b) < 0
ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵ
]a,b[ ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ ∃c ∈ ]a,b[ : h(c) = c ͘

ϯϵ͘ƌĞƚĂƋƵĞĐŽŶƚĠŵĂƐďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĞƐĚŽƐƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞƐşŵƉĂƌĞƐĠĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = x ͘sĂŵŽƐƉƌŽǀĂƌ
ƋƵĞ ∃x ∈ ]−1,1[ : f ( x ) = x ͘
^ĞũĂ g ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ g ( x) = f ( x) − x ͘ŶƚĆŽ͕ f ( x) = x ⇔ g ( x) = 0 ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
• g (−1) = f (−1) − (−1) = k − k + 1 = 1
• g (1) = f (1) − 1 = k − k − 1 = −1
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ g (1) < 0 < g (−1) Ğ͕ ĚĂĚŽ ƋƵĞ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğŵ [−1,1] ͕ ƉŽŝƐ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f Ġ ƵŵĂ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽƉŽůŝŶŽŵŝĂů͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∃x ∈ ]−1,1[ : g ( x ) = 0 ͘

ϰϬ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [a,b] Ğ g (a ) × g (b) < 0 ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞ
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽ͘^ĞũĂ c ƵŵǌĞƌŽĚĞ g ͘ŶƚĆŽ͕ c ∈ ]a,b[ Ğ c ∉ D f ͘


ϰϭ͘^ĞũĂ g ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉŽƌ g ( x) = f ( x) − x + 1 ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [ f ( a ), a] Ğ
f ( x) = x − 1 ⇔ g ( x) = 0 ͘
• g (a ) = f (a ) − a + 1 ͖ĐŽŵŽ f (a ) < a − 1 ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞ g (a ) < 0 ͖
• g ( f (a )) = f ( f (a )) − f (a ) + 1 = a − f (a ) + 1 ĞƚĞŵͲƐĞ͗
f (a ) < a − 1 − f (a ) > − a + 1 a + 1 − f (a ) > a + 1 − a + 1 g ( f (a )) > 2 ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ g ( f (a )) > 0 ͘
ĂĚŽƋƵĞ g (a ) < 0 Ğ g ( f (a )) > 0 ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
∃x ∈ ] f ( a ), a[ : g ( x) = 0 ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ ∃x ∈ ] f ( a ), a[ : f ( x ) = x − 1 ͘

ϰϮ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ [a,b] ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞtĞŝĞƌƐƚƌĂƐƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĞ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽĠŵĂũŽƌĂĚŽ͘

ϰϯ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ h ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞƚĞŵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ [a,b] ƉŽŝƐĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘ŶƚĆŽ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞ
tĞŝĞƌƐƚƌĂƐƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞŵşŶŝŵŽĞŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽƐ͘

ϰϰ͘ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĂĚŵŝƚĞ ŵşŶŝŵŽ͕ ŵ͕ Ğ ŵĄǆŝŵŽ͕ D͕ ĂďƐŽůƵƚŽƐ ;ƚĞŽƌĞŵĂ ĚĞ tĞŝĞƌƐƚƌĂƐƐͿ͘ ^Ğ k < m ŽƵ
k > M ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ g ( x) = k ĠƵŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞů͘

ϰϱ͘ D f = [−6,6] ͖ ƉĂƌĂ −6 ≤ x < 1 ͕ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ ƉŽƌ Ž ƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞ ĚĞ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͖ ƉĂƌĂ
1 < x ≤ 6 ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƉŽƌƐĞƌŽƋƵŽĐŝĞŶƚĞĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͘

3 3
lim− f ( x) = lim− x 2 + 3 = 12 + 3 = 2
x →1 x →1 x + 1 1 +1
lim+ f ( x) = lim+ x −1 = lim+

(
( x − 1) 2 x + 3 + 4
= lim+
)
( x − 1) 2 x + 3 + 4
=
( )
x →1 x →1
( )(
2 x + 3 − 4 x→1 2 x + 3 − 4 2 x + 3 + 4 x→1 )
4( x + 3) − 16
( x − 1)( 2 x+3+4 ) = lim ( x − 1)(2 x+3+4 ) = lim ( x − 1)(2 x+3 +4 )=

= lim+
x →1 4 x + 12 − 16 x →1+ 4x − 4 x →1+ 4( x − 1)
= lim+ 2 x + 3 + 4 = 2 × 2 + 4 = 2
x →1 4 4
3
f (1) = 12 + 3 = 2
1 +1
>ŽŐŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [−6,6] ͘
KƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞtĞŝĞƌƐƚƌĂƐƐƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵŵşŶŝŵŽĞŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽƐƉŽƌƋƵĞĂ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽĠƵŵŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĨĞĐŚĂĚŽ D f = [−6,6] ͘ ( )

Ϯ͘ĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐƌĞĂŝƐĚĞǀĂƌŝĄǀĞůƌĞĂůĞĂƉůŝĐĂĕƁĞƐ

x 4 − 3x + 1 − (14 − 3 ×1 + 1) 4
( x − 1)( x 3 + x 2 + x − 2)
ϰϲ͘ f ′(1) = lim = lim x − 3x + 2 = lim =
x→1 x −1 x→1 x −1 x →1 x −1

ͳ Ͳ Ͳ െ͵ ʹ
ͳ ͳ ͳ ͳ െʹ
ͳ ͳ ͳ െʹ Ͳ
= lim ( x + x + x − 2) = 1
3 2
x →1

g (2 + h) + 3 g (2 + h) − ( −3) ª g (2 + h) − g (2) º
ϰϳ͘ lim = lim = lim « 1 × »¼ =
h →0 2
h + 2h h →0 ( h + 2) h h →0 ¬ h + 2 h
g (2 + h) − g (2) 1
= lim 1 × lim = × g '(2) = 1 × 4 = 2
h →0 h + 2 h →0 h 2 2

ϰϴ͘ lim f ( x) = 1 ͕ƉŽŝƐ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĄǀĞůĞŵ a ͕ƐĂďĞŵŽƐƋƵĞĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ a ͘
x →a

ϰϵ͘ y = f ′( x0 )( x − x0 ) + f ( x0 ) ͖ůŽŐŽ y = −3( x − 2) + 1 ⇔ y = −3 x + 7

ϱϬ͘ 2 x + 3 y = 4 ⇔ y = − 2 x + 4 ͘KƉŽŶƚŽĚĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂϭƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕
3 3
f (1) = − 2 × 1 + 4 = 2 ͘ f ′(1) Ġ Ž ĚĞĐůŝǀĞ ĚĂ ƌĞƚĂ ƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞ ĂŽ ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĞ f ŶŽ ƉŽŶƚŽ ĚĞ ĂďĐŝƐƐĂ ϭ͖
3 3 3
ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ f ′(1) = − 2 ͘
3

§ 2
·′
ϱϭ͘ĂͿ f '( x) = ¨ 2 x3 + x + x − 2 ¸ = 6 x 2 + x + 1
© 2 ¹

ďͿ
′
§ x3 − 2 x ·′
f ′( x) = ¨
( ) ( )
x3 − 2 x × ( 2 x − 3) − x3 − 2 x × ( 2 x − 3)′ ( ) ( )
3x 2 − 2 × ( 2 x − 3) − x3 − 2 x × 2
=
¸ = =
© 2x − 3 ¹ ( 2 x − 3)2 ( 2 x − 3)2
3 2 3
= 6 x − 9 x − 4 x + 62− 2 x + 4 x = 4 x − 9 x 2+ 6
3 2

( 2 x − 3) (2 x − 3)


′
ĐͿ f ′( x) = ¬ª( x 2 + 3 x)5 ¼º = 5( x 2 + 3x) 4 × ( x 2 + 3x)′ = 5( x 2 + 3 x)4 × (2 x + 3) = (10 x + 15)( x 2 + 3x) 4

ĚͿ
′ ′
( )
2
f ′( x) = ª¬ x × ( x 2 + 1)º¼ = x × ( x 2 + 1) + x × ( x 2 + 1)′ = 1 × ( x 2 + 1) + x × 2 x = x + 1 + 2 x x =
2 x 2 x

2 2 2
= x + 1 + 4x = 5x + 1
2 x 2 x

§ 3 7 ·′ 1 7
ϱϮ͘ f ′( x) = ¨ x − x 2 + 7 x − 1¸ = × 3x 2 − × 2 x + 7 = x 2 − 7 x + 7
©3 2 ¹ 3 2
ďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĚŽƐƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞƐşŵƉĂƌĞƐƚĞŵĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = x ͕ůŽŐŽŽƐĞƵĚĞĐůŝǀĞĠϭ͘
f ′( x) = 1 ⇔ x 2 − 7 x + 7 = 1 ⇔ x 2 − 7 x + 6 = 0 ⇔ x = 7 ± 49 − 4 × 6 ⇔ x = 7 ± 5 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ x = 6
2 2
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ f ′( x) = 1 ƚĞŵ ĚƵĂƐ ƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐ͕ ϭ Ğ ϲ͕ ƋƵĞ ƐĆŽ ĂƐ ĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ ĚŽƐ ƉŽŶƚŽƐ Ğŵ ƋƵĞ ĂƐ ƌĞƚĂƐ
ƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞƐƐĆŽƉĂƌĂůĞůĂƐăďŝƐƐĞƚƌŝǌĚŽƐƋƵĂĚƌĂŶƚĞƐşŵƉĂƌĞƐ͘
1 7 17 63 7
f (1) = − + 7 − 1 = Ğ f (6) = − × 62 + 7 × 6 − 1 = −13
3 2 6 3 2
ƐĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂƐĚĞƐƐĂƐƌĞƚĂƐƐĆŽ͕ƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ y = x − 1 + 17 ⇔ y = x + 11 Ğ
6 6
y = x − 6 − 13 ⇔ y = x − 19 ͘

2(3 − x) − 2 x × (−1) 6 − 2 x + 2 x
ϱϯ͘ĂͿ g (1) = 2 = 1, g ′( x) = = = 6
3 −1 (3 − x) 2
(3 − x) 2
(3 − x)2
2−0
ƌĞƚĂ r ƚĞŵĚĞĐůŝǀĞ m = = −1 ͕ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′(1) = −1 ͘
1− 3

6 = −1 + 3 = 2
ďͿ ( f × g )′(1) = f ′(1) × g (1) + f (1) × g ′(1) = −1×1 + 2 ×
(3 − 1)2

§ ·′ f ′(1)
ĐͿ ¨ 1 ¸ (1) = − = − −1 = 1
©f¹ ( f (1)) 2 4 4

6 × (−1) = −6
ĚͿ ( g D f )′(1) = g ′( f (1)) × f ′(1) = g ′(2) × (−1) =
(3 − 2)2

′
( )
ĞͿ f 3 (1) = 3( f (1)) × f ′(1) = 3 ×4 × ( −1) = −12
2

6
′ g ′(1) (3 − 1) 2 3
ĨͿ ( ) g (1) =
2 g (1)
=
2 1
=
4

′
( )
ϱϰ͘ĂͿ D f = \ ͖ f ′( x) = 2 x3 − 4 x 2 + 5 = 6 x 2 − 8 x
f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ 6 x 2 − 8 x = 0 ⇔ ( 6 x − 8) x = 0 ⇔ 6 x − 8 = 0 ∨ x = 0 ⇔ x = 4 ∨ x = 0
3
x −∞ 0 4 +∞

3
x − 0 + + +
6x − 8 − − − 0 +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ + 0 − 0 +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ / 5 2 71 /
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ f 27
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,0] ĞĞŵ ª 4 ,+∞ ª ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ª0, 4 º ͖ f (0) = 5 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽ
«¬ 3 «¬ «¬ 3 »¼
()
ƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ f 4 = 71 ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
3 27
ďͿ Dg = \ \ {−1,1} g ′( x) = ¨ 2 ¸ =

2
( =
)
§ x 2 ·′ 2 x x − 1 − x × 2 x 2 x3 − 2 x − 2 x3
2
= −2 x 2
© x −1¹ ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
x −1 x −1 x2 −1
g ′( x) = 0 ⇔ −2 x = 0 ⇔ −2 x = 0 ∧ x ≠ −1 ∧ x ≠ 1 ⇔ x = 0
( )
2
x2 − 1
x −∞ −1 0 1 +∞
−2x + + + 0 − − −
( x 2 − 1) 2 + Ϭ + + + Ϭ +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ g ′ + Ŷ͘Ě͘ + 0 − Ŷ͘Ě͘ −
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ / Ŷ͘Ě͘ / 0 2 Ŷ͘Ě͘ 2
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ g

ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g Ġ ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ ]−∞, −1[ Ğ Ğŵ ]−1,0] Ğ Ġ ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ [0,1[ Ğ Ğŵ ]1,+∞[ ͖
g (0) = 0 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵŵşŶŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘

′
( )
ĐͿ Dh = \ ͖ h′( x) = ( x − 1)3 ( x − 3) + ( x − 1)3 ( x − 3)′ = 3( x − 1) 2 ( x − 3) + ( x − 1)3 =
= ( x − 1) 2 [3( x − 3) + ( x − 1)] = ( x − 1) 2 (4 x − 10)
h′( x) = 0 ⇔ ( x − 1) 2 (4 x − 10) = 0 ⇔ x − 1 = 0 ∨ 4 x − 10 = 0 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ x = 5
2


x −∞ 1 5 +∞

2
( x − 1)
2
+ 0 + + +
4 x − 10 − − − 0 +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ h′ − 0 − 0 +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ 2 0 2 27 /
−
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ h 16
( ) ( ) ( 52 − 3) = −1627 Ġ
3
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ h Ġ ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ º−∞, 5 º Ğ Ġ ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ ª 5 ,+∞ª ͖ h 5 = 5 − 1
»¼ 2 »¼ «¬ 2 «¬ 2 2
ŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵŵĄǆŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘

ϱϱ͘ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f Ġ ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ ]−∞,1] ƉŽƌƋƵĞ ∀x ∈ ]−∞,1[, f ′( x) ≤ 0 ͕ ƐĞŶĚŽ ƋƵĞ Ɛſ ĂŶƵůĂ͕ ŶĞƐƚĞ
ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͕Ğŵ −2 ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [1,+∞[ ƉŽƌƋƵĞ ∀x ∈ ]1, +∞[, f ′( x) > 0 ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŵϭĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵŽƵƚƌŽƐĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ͘

§ − 2 x3 + 3 ·′ 1 ′
ϱϲ͘ĂͿ f ′( x) = ¨ 2 x
© π ¸ (
= 2 x − 2 x3 + 3 = 1 2 − 3 2 x 2
¹ π π ) ( )
′
( )
f ′′( x) = ª 1 2 − 3 2 x 2 º = 1 −6 2 x = − 6 2 x
«¬π »¼ π π ( )

′
ďͿ f ′( x) = ª¬(3 − 2 x)3 º¼ = 3(3 − 2 x) 2 (3 − 2 x)′ = −6(3 − 2 x)2
′
f ′′( x) = ª¬−6(3 − 2 x)2 º¼ = −6 × 2(3 − 2 x) × (3 − 2 x)′ = 24(3 − 2 x) = 72 − 48x

′
ĐͿ f ′( x) = §¨ 21 ·¸ = −2 x 2
© x +1¹ x2 + 1 ( )
·′ −2 x 2 + 1 2 + 2 x × 2 x 2 + 1 × 2 x
f ′′( x) =
§
¨ −2 x ¸ =
( ) =
(
x 2 + 1 −2 x 2 + 1 + 8 x 2
=
) ( )( ( ) )
¨ 2 2¸
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
¨ x +1 ¸ 2
x +1 2
x +1
© ¹
2 2 2
= −2 x − 2 +38 x = 6 x − 23
(
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 ) ( )
ĚͿ f ′( x ) = ( ′
x2 + 1 =) 2x
2 x +12
=
x +1
x
2


x2 + 1 − x × 2x x2 + 1 − x2 x2 + 1 − x2
§ ′
f ′′( x ) = ¨ x · = 2 x2 + 1 = x2 + 1 = x2 + 1 =
¨ ¸¸
( )
2
© x2 + 1 ¹ x2 + 1 x2 + 1
x2 + 1
= 1
( x + 1)
2
x2 + 1

ϱϳ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′ ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [a,c] ĞĞŵ [e, +∞[ ƉŽƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′′ ĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞŵ ]a,c[ Ğ
Ğŵ ]e, +∞[ ͖ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′ ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,a] ĞĞŵ [c,e] ƉŽƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′′ ĠŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ
Ğŵ ]−∞,a[ ĞĞŵ ]c,e[ ͘

ϱϴ͘ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞŵ x = 1 ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ f (1) ĠƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘

ϱϵ͘ 2a + b − 1 = 0 ⇔ b = 1 − 2a
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ f ′( x ) = ax3 + (1 − 2a ) x 2 − 4 Ğ f ′′( x) = 3ax 2 + 2(1 − 2a ) x ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͗
• f ′(2) = a × 23 + (1 − 2a ) × 22 − 4 = 8a + 4 − 8a − 4 = 0
• f ′′(2) = 3a × 22 + 2(1 − 2a ) × 2 = 4a + 4 = 4(a + 1) ͖ĂƐƐŝŵ͕ f ′′(2) < 0 ͕ƉŽŝƐ a < −1 ͘
dĞŶĚŽĞŵĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂĕĆŽƋƵĞ f ′(2) = 0 Ğ f ′′(2) < 0 ͕ĐŽŶĐůƵŝͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽŶŽ
ƉŽŶƚŽϮ͘

ϲϬ͘ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ĂƚŝŶŐĞ ŵşŶŝŵŽƐ Ğŵ −2 Ğ Ğŵ 3 ƉŽƌƋƵĞ ŶĞƐƐĞƐ ƉŽŶƚŽƐ Ă ƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂ ĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂ Ġ ǌĞƌŽ Ğ Ă
ƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂĞĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵϬƉŽƌƋƵĞŶĞƐƐĞƉŽŶƚŽĂƉƌŝŵĞŝƌĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠ
ǌĞƌŽĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĠŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͘

ϲϭ͘KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ ]−∞,b] ĞĞŵ [d , +∞[ ƉŽƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ
f ′ ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĞƐƐĞƐŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽƐĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ [b, d ] ƉŽƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ
f ′ ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͖ŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂ b Ğ d ƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂ
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĂĚŽƋƵĞŶĞƐƐĞƐƉŽŶƚŽƐŵƵĚĂŽƐĞŶƚŝĚŽĚĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ͘


ϲϮ͘ ĂĨŝƌŵĂĕĆŽ Ġ ĨĂůƐĂ͕ ƉŽŝƐ Ž ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ ďĂŝǆŽ Ğŵ \ + Ğ͕
ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′ ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ \ + ͘

ϲϯ͘ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′ Ġ ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ ]−∞,0] ͕ ƉŽŝƐ Ž ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂ ŶĞƐƐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ Ğ Ġ ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ [0,+∞[ ͕ ƉŽŝƐ Ž ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ [0,+∞[ ͘

ϲϰ͘ĂĚŽƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′ ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘

ϲϱ͘KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵĚŽŝƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͕ƵŵĞŵϬĞŽƵƚƌŽĞŵϮ͘

ǆ −∞ Ϭ 2 3 +∞
x − 2x
2
н Ϭ − Ϭ н н н
x +1
2
н н н н н н н
( x − 3)
2
н н н н н Ϭ н
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ н Ϭ − Ϭ н Ϭ н
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ W͘/ W͘/͘

ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f

′ ′
( )
ϲϲ͘ĂͿ D f = \ ; f ′( x) = x 4 − 3 x 2 + 1 = 4 x3 − 6 x ; f ′′( x) = 4 x3 − 6 x = 12 x 2 − 6 ( )
f ′′( x ) = 0 ⇔ 12 x 2 − 6 = 0 ⇔ 2 x 2 − 1 = 0 ⇔ 2 x 2 = 1 ⇔ x 2 = 1 ⇔ x = ± 1 ⇔ x = ± 2
2 2 2

−∞ +∞
ǆ − 2 2
2 2
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ н Ϭ − Ϭ н
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ W͘/͘ W͘/͘


º 2º ª 2 ª
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞĞƐƚĄǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ »−∞,− » ĞĞŵ « ,+∞« ĞĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞĞƐƚĄ
¼ 2 ¼ ¬ 2 ¬
ª 2 2º
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ «− , » ͖ŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ − 2 Ğ 2 ƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
¬ 2 2 ¼ 2 2


§ x3 ·′ 3x 2 ( x − 1) − x3 3x3 − 3x 2 − x3 2 x3 − 3x 2
ďͿ D f = \ \{1}; f ( x) = ¨
′ ¸ = = =
© x −1¹ ( x − 1)2 ( x − 1)2 ( x − 1)2
( ) ( )
§ 2 x3 − 3x 2 ·′ 6 x 2 − 6 x ( x − 1) − 2 x3 − 3x 2 × 2( x − 1)
f ′′( x) = ¨ ¸ =
2
=
¨ ( x − 1)2 ¸ ( x − 1)4
© ¹
=
( ) ( )
( x − 1) ¬ª 6 x 2 − 6 x ( x − 1) − 2 x3 − 3x 2 × 2¼º 6 x3 − 6 x 2 − 6 x 2 + 6 x − 4 x3 + 6 x 2
= =
( x − 1)4 ( x − 1)3
3 2 2 x( x 2 − 3x + 3)
= 2 x − 6 x 3+ 6 x =
( x − 1) ( x − 1)3
3± 9 − 4×3 3 ± −3
x2 − 3x + 3 = 0 ⇔ x = ⇔x= ƋƵĂĕĆŽŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞůĞŵ \ ͘
2 2

ǆ −∞ 0 1 +∞
2x − Ϭ + + +
x 2 − 3x + 3 + + + + +
( x − 1)3 − − − Ϭ +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ + Ϭ − Ŷ͘Ě͘ +
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ W͘/͘


ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞĞƐƚĄǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ ]−∞,0] ĞĞŵ ]1,+∞[ ĞĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞĞƐƚĄǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
ďĂŝǆŽĞŵ [0,1[ ͖ŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂϬĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘

ϲϳ͘ 100 km = 100000 m ͖ 1h = 3600s
100000 m 3600s
xm 1s
100000 250
x= =
3600 9
250
−0
ĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽŵĠĚŝĂ = 9 = 9,9 ŵͬƐϮ
2,8


1 195000 325
ϲϴ͘ŽĨŝŵĚĞϯƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĂǀĞůŽĐŝĚĂĚĞĠ × = ŵͬƐ͘
2 3600 12
325
−0
325
ĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽŵĠĚŝĂŶŽƐϯƉƌŝŵĞŝƌŽƐƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĠ = 12 = = 9, 0 ŵͬƐϮ͘
3 36
9 195000 195
ŽĨŝŵĚĞϴƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĂǀĞůŽĐŝĚĂĚĞĠ × = ŵͬƐ͘
10 3600 4
195 325
−
ĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽŵĠĚŝĂĞŶƚƌĞŽƐϯĞŽƐϴƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĠ = 4 12 = 13 = 4,3 ŵͬƐϮ͘
8−3 3
99 195000 429
ŽĨŝŵĚĞϭϱƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĂǀĞůŽĐŝĚĂĚĞĠ × = ŵͬƐ͘
100 3600 8
429 195
−
ĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽŵĠĚŝĂĞŶƚƌĞŽƐϴĞŽƐϭϱƐĞŐƵŶĚŽƐĠ = 8 4 = 39 = 0, 7 ŵͬƐϮ͘
15 − 8 56

′ ′
( ) (
ϲϵ͘ĂͿ p′(t ) = 2t 3 − 6t 2 + 9 = 6t 2 − 12t ; p′′(t ) = 6t 2 − 12t = 12t − 12 )
p′′(2) = 12 × 2 − 12 = 12
ĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽĚĂƉĂƌƚşĐƵůĂŶŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ t = 2 ĠϭϮŵͬƐϮ͘

2 ± 4 − 4 × ( −8)
ďͿ p′(t ) = 48 ⇔ 6t 2 − 12t = 48 ⇔ 6t 2 − 12t − 48 = 0 ⇔ t 2 − 2t − 8 = 0 ⇔ t = ⇔
2
⇔ t = 2 ± 6 ⇔ t = −2 ∨ t = 4
2
p′′(4) = 12 × 4 − 12 = 36 ŵͬƐϮ

ĐͿ p ′′(t ) = 24 ⇔ 12t − 12 = 24 ⇔ t = 3
p (3) = 2 × 33 − 6 × 32 + 9 = 9
&ŽŝŶŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ t = 3 ĞĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĂƉŽƐŝĕĆŽĚĂƉĂƌƚşĐƵůĂĠϵ͘

ϳϬ͘ĂͿ D = \ ͖ f ′( x ) = −2 x3 − 3 x 2 + 1 ͖
f ′( x ) = 0 ⇔ −2 x 3 − 3 x 2 + 1 = 0 ⇔ ( x + 1)( −2 x 2 − x + 1) = 0 ⇔ x + 1 = 0 ∨ −2 x 2 − x + 1 = 0 ⇔
െʹ െ͵ Ͳ ͳ
െͳ ʹ ͳ െͳ
െʹ െͳ ͳ Ͳ


1 ± 1 − 4 × ( −2) × 1
⇔ x = −1 ∨ x = ⇔ x = −1 ∨ x = 1 ± 3 ⇔ x = −1 ∨ x = 1 ∨ x = −1
2 × ( −2) −4 2
−1 ĠƌĂŝǌĚƵƉůĂĚĞ f ′ Ğ 1 ĠƌĂŝǌƐŝŵƉůĞƐ͖

2
()
4
1
() ( ) + 12 + 2 = 3275
4
(−1) 2
3
f (−1) = − − (−1)3 − 1 + 2 = 3 Ğ f 1 = − − 1
2 2 2 2 2
ǆ −∞ −1
1 +∞
2
x + 1 − Ϭ + + +
−2 x 2 − x + 1 − Ϭ + Ϭ −
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ + Ϭ + Ϭ −
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ 3 75
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ f / / 2
2 32

2 »¼ «¬ 2 «¬ 2 32 ()
f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ º −∞, 1 º ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ª 1 ,+∞ ª ͖ f 1 = 75 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĞŶĆŽ
»¼
ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵŵşŶŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘

f ′′( x ) = −6 x 2 − 6 x ͖ f ′′( x) = 0 ⇔ −6 x 2 − 6 x = 0 ⇔ −6 x( x + 1) = 0 ⇔ x = −1 ∨ x = 0

ǆ −∞ −1 0 +∞
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ − Ϭ + Ϭ −
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ 3
2
2

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ ]−∞, −1] ĞĞŵ [0,+∞[ ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ [−1,0] ͖ŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ −1 ĞϬƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
ĚĞ f ͘
4
f (0) = 2 Ğ f ( x) = 0 ⇔ − x − x3 + x + 2 = 0 ⇔ − x 4 − 2 x3 + 2 x + 4 = 0 ⇔ ( x + 2)(− x3 + 2) = 0 ⇔
2
െͳ െʹ Ͳ ʹ Ͷ
െʹ ʹ Ͳ Ͳ െͶ
െͳ Ͳ Ͳ ʹ Ͳ

⇔ ( x + 2)(− x 3 + 2) = 0 ⇔ x + 2 = 0 ∨ − x 3 + 2 = 0 ⇔ x = −2 ∨ x 3 = 2 ⇔ x = −2 ∨ x = 3 2
KƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ (0,2) ͕ (−2,0) Ğ ( 3
)
2,0 ƐĆŽŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĕĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĐŽŵ
ŽƐĞŝǆŽƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚŽƐ͘
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐƉŽƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ \ ͘


x4
− − x3 + x + 2 § x3
f ( x) 2 2·
lim = lim = lim ¨ − − x 2 + 1 + ¸ = −∞ + 1 + 0 = −∞
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →+∞
© 2 x¹
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůƋƵĂŶĚŽ x → +∞ ͘
x4
− − x3 + x + 2 § x3
f ( x) 2 2·
lim = lim = lim ¨ − − x 2 + 1 + ¸ =
x →−∞ x x →−∞ x x →−∞
© 2 x¹
§ x 3
2· § § 1 1· 2· § 1 ·
= lim ¨ − − x 2 + 1 + ¸ = lim ¨ x3 ¨ − − ¸ + 1 + ¸ + 1 = −∞ × ¨ − − 0 ¸ + 1 + 0 = +∞
x →−∞
© 2 x¹ x →−∞
© © 2 x¹ x¹ © 2 ¹
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůƋƵĂŶĚŽ x → −∞ ͘
>ŽŐŽ͕ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
§ 3 x
ďͿ D = \ ͖ g ′( x) = ¨ 2 ¸ =
· (
′ 3 2 x 2 + 1 − 3x × 4 x
=
)
−6 x 2 + 3
© 2x +1¹ ( )
2
2 x2 + 1 (2 x 2 + 1) 2
2
g ′( x) = 0 ⇔ −6 x2 + 32 = 0 ⇔ −6 x 2 + 3 = 0 ⇔ x 2 = 1 ⇔ x = − 2 ∨ x = 2
(2 x + 1) 2 2 2
§ · § ·
3¨ − 2 ¸ −3 2 3¨ 2 ¸ 3 2
§ 2·
g¨− = © 2 ¹ = 2 = − 3 2 ͖ g § 2 · = © 2 ¹ = 2 =3 2
¸ 2 ¨ 2 ¸ 2
© 2 ¹ § 2· 2 × 1 +1 4 © ¹ § · 2× 1 +1 4
2¨ − ¸ +1 2 2¨ 2 ¸ + 1 2
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

−∞ +∞
ǆ − 2 2
2 2
−6 x 2 + 3 − Ϭ + 0 −
(2 x 2 + 1)2 + + + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ g ′ − Ϭ + Ϭ −
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ g 2 −3 2 / 3 2 2
4 4
º 2º ª 2 ,+∞ª ª 2 2º § 2 ·
g ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ » −∞,− » ĞĞŵ « « ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ «− , » ͖ g ¨ − ¸ = −3 2
¼ 2 ¼ ¬ 2 ¬ ¬ 2 2 ¼ © 2 ¹ 4
§ 2· 3 2
ĠŵşŶŝŵŽĞ g ¨ ¸ = 4 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽ͘
© 2 ¹
§ −6 x 2 + 3 ·′ −12 x(2 x + 1) − −6 x + 3 × 2(2 x + 1) × 4 x
g ′′( x) = ¨ =
2 2 2 2
( =
)
2 2¸ 2 4
© (2 x + 1) ¹ (2 x + 1)
=
( ) ( )
4 x(2 x + 1) ª−3(2 x 2 + 1) − −6 x 2 + 3 × 2º 4 x −6 x 2 − 3 + 12 x 2 − 6 4 x 6 x 2 − 9 12 x 2 x 2 − 3
2
¬ ¼= = =
(
) ( )
2 4
(2 x + 1) (2 x 2 + 1)3 (2 x 2 + 1)3 (2 x 2 + 1)3


12 x(2 x 2 − 3)
g ′′( x) = 0 ⇔ 2 3
= 0 ⇔ 12 x(2 x 2 − 3) = 0 ⇔ 12 x = 0 ∨ 2 x 2 − 3 = 0 ⇔
(2 x + 1)
⇔ x = 0 ∨ x2 = 3 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ x = −
3 ∨ x = 3 ⇔ x = 0∨ x = − 3 ∨ x = 3 ⇔
2 2 2 2 2
⇔ x = 0∨ x = − 6 ∨ x = 6
2 2
§ ·
3¨ − 3 ¸ −3 3
0 § 3· © 2¹ 2 = − 3 3 = − 3 3 = −3 6
g (0) = = 0 ͖ g ¨ − ¸= 2
=
1 © 2 ¹ § · 3
2× +1 4 2 4 2 8
2¨ − 3 ¸ + 1 2
© 2¹
§ ·
3¨ 3 ¸ 3 3
§ 3· © 2 ¹ = 2 =3 3 =3 3 =3 6
g¨
2 ¸= 2
© ¹ § · 2 × +1 4 2 4 2
3 8
2¨ − 3 ¸ + 1 2
© 2¹
−∞ +∞
ǆ − 6 0 6
2 2
12x − − − Ϭ + + +
2x2 − 3 + Ϭ − − − Ϭ +
(2 x 2 + 1)3 + + + + + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐ + Ϭ
− Ϭ Ϭ − +
ĚĞ g ′′
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ 3 6
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ 8
ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ −3 6 0
8
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g

º 6º ª 6º
K ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ ďĂŝǆŽ Ğŵ »−∞,− » Ğ Ğŵ «0, » Ğ ƚĞŵ Ă
¼ 2 ¼ ¬ 2 ¼
ª 6 º ª 6 ª
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ «− ,0» ĞĞŵ « ,+∞« ͖ŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ − 6 ͕ϬĞ
¬ 2 ¼ ¬ 2 ¬ 2
6 ƐĆŽ ƉŽŶƚŽƐ ĚĞ ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ ĚŽ ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĞ g ͘ KƐ ƉŽŶƚŽƐ ĚĞ ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ ƚġŵ ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ
2
§ 6 3 6· § 6 3 6·
¨ − 2 , − 8 ¸ ͕ (0,0) Ğ ¨ 2 , 8 ¸ ͘
© ¹ © ¹
g ( x) = 0 ⇔ 32x = 0 ⇔ 3x = 0 ⇔ x = 0
2x + 1
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽƐĞŝǆŽƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚŽƐŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂů͘
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐƉŽƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ \ ͘


lim g ( x) = lim 3x = lim 3x = lim 3 = 0
x →+∞ x →+∞ 2 x 2+ 1 x→+∞ 2 x 2 x→+∞ 2 x
lim g ( x) = lim 3x = lim 3x = lim 3 = 0

x →−∞ x →−∞ 2 x 2 + 1 x →−∞ 2 x 2 x →−∞ 2 x
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 0 ĠĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g Ğŵ −∞ ĞĞŵ +∞ ͘
§ ·′ ( )
x 2 − 5 − ( x − 2) × 2 x x 2 − 5 − 2 x 2 + 4 x − x 2 + 4 x − 5
{ } x
ĐͿ D = \ \ − 5, 5 ͖ h′( x) = ¨ 2 − 2
¸ = = =
© x −5¹ ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
x −5 2
x −5 ( x − 5)
2
h′( x) = 0 ⇔ − x 2+ 4 x −2 5 = 0 ⇔ − x 2 + 4 x − 5 = 0 ∧ x ∈ Dh
( x − 5)
−4 ± 16 − 4 × ( −1) × ( −5)
− x2 + 4 x − 5 = 0 ⇔ x = ⇔ x = −4 ± −4 ƋƵĂĕĆŽŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞůĞŵ \ ͘
−2 −2
h′ ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘

− x 2 + 4 x − 5 < 0 , ∀x ∈ Dh Ğ ( x 2 − 5)2 > 0, ∀x ∈ Dh ůŽŐŽ h′( x) < 0, ∀x ∈ Dh ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ
h ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ º¼ −∞, − 5 ª¬ ͕Ğŵ º¼ − 5, 5 ª¬ ĞĞŵ º¼ 5, +∞ ª¬ ͖ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ͘

h′′( x) = ¨ =
2
( 2
)
§ − x 2 + 4 x − 5 ·′ (−2 x + 4)( x − 5) − − x + 4 x − 5 × 2 × ( x − 5) × 2 x
2 2
=
2 2 ¸
© ( x − 5) ¹ ( x 2 − 5)4
= ¬ ( )
( x 2 − 5) ª(−2 x + 4)( x 2 − 5) − − x 2 + 4 x − 5 × 4 xº
¼ = −2 x3 + 10 x + 4 x 2 − 20 + 4 x3 − 16 x 2 + 20 x =
( x 2 − 5)4 ( x 2 − 5)3
3 2
= 2 x − 12 x2 + 303
x − 20
( x − 5)
3 2
h′′( x) = 0 ⇔ 2 x − 12 x2 + 303
x − 20 = 0 ⇔ 2 x3 − 12 x 2 + 30 x − 20 = 0 ∧ x ∈ D ⇔ ͖
h
( x − 5)
(
⇔ 2 x3 − 12 x 2 + 30 x − 20 = 0 ∧ x ∈ Dh ⇔ ( x − 1) 2 x 2 − 10 x + 20 = 0 ∧ x ∈ Dh ⇔ )
ʹ െͳʹ ͵Ͳ െʹͲ
ͳ ʹ െͳͲ ʹͲ
ʹ െͳͲ ʹͲ Ͳ

§ ·
( )
⇔ x − 1 = 0 ∨ 2 x 2 − 10 x + 20 = 0 ∧ x ∈ Dh ⇔ ¨ x = 1 ∨ x = 10 ± 100 − 4 × 2 × 20 ¸ ∧ x ∈ Dh ⇔
© 4 ¹
§ ·
¨ 10 ± − 60 ¸
⇔ ¨ x = 1∨ x = ¸ ∧ x ∈ Dh ⇔ x = 1
4
¨ ¸
© impossívelem \ ¹
2
3 2
h′′( x) = 2 x − 12 x2 + 30 x − 20 = ( x − 1)(2 x − 10 x + 20) h(1) = 12− 2 = 1

( x − 5)3 ( x 2 − 5)3 1 −5 4

ǆ −∞ − 5 1 5 +∞
x −1 − − − Ϭ + + +
2 x 2 − 10 x + 20 + + + + + + +
( x 2 − 5)3 + Ϭ − − −
Ϭ +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐ + Ŷ͘Ě͘
− Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ϭ − +
ĚĞ g ′′
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞ Ŷ͘Ě͘
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ 1
Ŷ͘Ě͘
ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ 4
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ º¼ −∞, − 5 ª¬ ĞĞŵ ª¬1, 5 ª¬ ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
( )
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ º¼ − 5,1º¼ ĞĞŵ º¼ 5, +∞ ª¬ ͖ŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ 1, 1 ĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ
4
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ͘
h(0) = 02− 2 = 2 ͖ h( x) = 0 ⇔ x2− 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 2
0 −5 5 x −5
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽƐĞŝǆŽƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚŽƐŶŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ (2, 0) Ğ 0, 2 ͘
5 ( )
lim − h( x) = lim − x2− 2 = 5 −− 2 = −∞ Ğ lim + h( x) = lim + x2− 2 = − 5+− 2 = −∞
x→ 5 x→ 5 x − 5 0 x →− 5 x →− 5 x − 5 0
lim h( x) = lim x2− 2 = lim x2 = lim 1 = 0 Ğ lim h( x) = lim x2− 2 = lim x2 = lim 1 = 0
x →−∞ x →−∞ x − 5 x →−∞ x x →−∞ x x →+∞ x →+∞ x − 5 x →+∞ x x →+∞ x
ƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ x = − 5 Ğ x = 5 ƐĆŽĂƐĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĞĂƌĞƚĂ

ĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 0 ĠĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ h Ğŵ −∞ ĞĞŵ +∞ ͘
ĚͿ D = \ \ {−2} ͖ j ′( x) = ¨
( 2
)
§ x 2 − 1 ·′ 2 x × ( x + 2) − x − 1 2 x 2 + 4 x − x 2 + 1 x 2 + 4 x + 1

¸ = = =
© x+2 ¹ ( x + 2) 2 ( x + 2) 2 ( x + 2) 2
2
j ′( x ) = 0 ⇔ x + 4 x +2 1 = 0 ⇔ x 2 + 4 x + 1 = 0 ∧ x ∈ D j ⇔ x = −4 ± 16 − 4 ∧ x ∈ D j ⇔
( x + 2) 2
⇔ x = −4 ± 12 ∧ x ∈ D j ⇔ x = −4 ± 2 3 ∧ x ∈ D j ⇔ x = −2 − 3 ∨ x = −2 + 3
2 2
(−2 − 3) 2 − 1 4 + 4 3 + 3 − 1
j (−2 − 3) = = = − 6 + 4 3 = − 6 3 + 12 = −2 3 − 4
−2 − 3 + 2 − 3 3 3
(−2 + 3) 2 − 1 4 − 4 3 + 3 − 1 6 − 4 3 6 3 − 12
j (−2 + 3) = = = = = 2 3−4
−2 + 3 + 2 3 3 3


ǆ −∞ −2 − 3 −2 −2 + 3 +∞
x + 4x +1
2
+ Ϭ − − − Ϭ +
( x + 2)
2
+ + + 0 + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐ
+ Ϭ − Ŷ͘Ě͘ − Ϭ +
ĚĞ j′
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
/ −2 3 − 4 2 Ŷ͘Ě͘ 2 2 3−4 /
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ j

j Ġ ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ º¼ −∞, −2 − 3 º¼ Ğ Ğŵ ª¬−2 + 3, +∞ ª¬ Ğ Ġ ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ ª¬−2 − 3, −2ª¬ Ğ Ğŵ
º −2, −2 + 3 º ͖ −2 3 − 4 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ 2 3 − 4 ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘

¼ ¼
j ′′( x) = ¨ =
2
(
§ x 2 + 4 x + 1 ·′ (2 x + 4)( x + 2) − x + 4 x + 1 × 2( x + 2)
2
=
)
2 ¸
© ( x + 2) ¹ ( x + 2)4

=
( )
( x + 2) ª(2 x + 4)( x + 2) − x 2 + 4 x + 1 × 2º
¬ ¼ = 2x + 4x + 4x + 8 − 2 x − 8x − 2 =
2 2
6
4 3
( x + 2) ( x + 2) ( x + 2)3
j ′′ ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͘
ǆ −∞ −2 +∞
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ j ′′ − Ŷ͘Ě͘ +
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ Ŷ͘Ě͘

ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ j

K ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ ďĂŝǆŽ Ğŵ ]−∞, −2[ Ğ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵ ]−2, +∞[ ͖ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘

2 2
j (0) = 0 − 1 = − 1 ͖ j ( x) = 0 ⇔ x − 1 = 0 ⇔ x 2 − 1 = 0 ∧ x ∈ D j ⇔ x 2 = 1 ∧ x ∈ D j ⇔ x = ±1
0+2 2 x+2
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŽƐĞŝǆŽƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚŽƐŶŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ (−1,0) ͕ (1,0) Ğ 0, − 1 ͘
2 ( )
2
lim − j ( x) = lim − x − 1 = 4 −− 1 = −∞
x →−2 x →−2 x + 2 0
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = −2 ĠĂƷŶŝĐĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͘

x2 −1 x+2
− x2 −2 x x − 2
−2x −1
2x +4
3


2
j ( x) = x − 1 = x − 2 + 3
x+2 x−2

x →±∞ x →±∞
(
lim [ j ( x) − ( x − 2)] = lim x − 2 + 3 − x + 2 = lim 3 = 0
x−2 x →±∞ x − 2
)
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = x − 2 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ j Ğŵ −∞ ĞĞŵ +∞ ͘

3
ϳϭ͘ĂͿ u3 = ¦
3 = 3 + 3 + 3 > 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 >ŽŐŽ͕ 9 < u3 ͘
k =1 18 + k 19 20 21 21 21 21 21 21

ďͿ ∀n ∈ ` ͕ƐĞũĂ ( vk ) ĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů vk =
n ͘
2n 2 + k
vk +1 − vk = n − n 2 2
= n 2n + k − n 2 n + k + 1 =
n ( 2 n 2 + k − 2n 2 + k + 1 ) <0
2n 2 + k + 1 2n 2 + k ( 2n 2
)(
+ k + 1 2n 2 + k ) ( 2n +

2
k + 1)( 2n + k )

positivo
2n 2 + k − 2n 2 + k + 1 < 0 ⇔ 2
2n +
2n 2 + k + 1 ⇔ 2n 2 + k < 2n2 + k + 1 ⇔ 0 < 1
k <
positivo positivo
ĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ 2n2 + k − 2n2 + k + 1 < 0 ĠƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůĞŵ ` ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽ ( vk ) Ġ

ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ͘
n n
n2
>ŽŐŽ͕ ∀n ∈ `, un = ¦ ≥¦
n n = Ğ
k =1 2n 2 + k k =1 2n 2 + n 2n 2 + n
lim n2 = lim n2 = lim n2 = lim n= +∞ = +∞ ͘

2
2n + n
( )
n2 2 + 1
n
n 2+ 1
n
2+ 1
n
2
ĐͿ^ĞĞǆŝƐƚŝƐƐĞƵŵĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ lim f ( x) = +∞ ŽƵ lim f ( x) = −∞ ͕Ž

x →+∞ x →+∞
ƋƵĞŶĆŽĠĐŽŵƉĂƚşǀĞůĐŽŵŽĨĂĐƚŽĚĞ lim f (un ) = 1 ͕ƉŽŝƐ (un ) ĠƵŵĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘

ϳϮ͘ĂͿ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐĞĞƐſƐĞ lim− f ( x) = lim+ f ( x) = f (3) ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
x →3 x →3
• lim− f ( x) = f (3) = 1
x →3 2


2 kx( x − 3) + x − 3 ( x − 3)( kx + 1) = lim kx + 1 = 3k + 1
• lim+ kx − 32kx + x − 3 = lim+ = lim+
x→3 x −9 x→3 ( x − 3)( x + 3) x→3 ( x − 3)( x + 3) x→3+ x + 3 6
• 3k + 1 = 1 ⇔ k = 2
6 2 3

ďͿ
7 − 2 x se 2 ≤ x ≤ 3 − x + 7
° 2 se 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
° °° 2
g ( x) = ® 2 2 =® =
x − 3× 2 x + x − 3 2 x 2 − 3 x − 9 se 3 < x ≤ 4
°3 3 °
se 3 < x ≤ 4 ¯° 3( x − 3)( x + 3)
¯° x2 − 9

− x + 7 se 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
° 2 − x + 7 se 2 ≤ x ≤ 3 − x + 7 se 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
° ° °
( )
2 2
= ® 2 x + 3 ( x − 3) =® =®
° 2x + 3 2 3
se 3 < x ≤ 4 °¯ 3x + 9 se 3 < x ≤ 4 ¯° 3 − 3x + 9 se 3 < x ≤ 4
2
° 3 ( x − 3) ( x + 3)
¯

ďϭͿ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽĨĞĐŚĂĚŽ [2,4] ͕ůŽŐŽ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞtĞŝĞƌƐƚƌĂƐƐ͕ƉĞƌŵŝƚĞ
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞŵşŶŝŵŽĞŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽƐ͘

ďϮͿ KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĠĂƌĞƵŶŝĆŽĚĞƵŵƐĞŐŵĞŶƚŽĚĞƌĞƚĂĐŽŵƉĂƌƚĞĚĞƵŵƌĂŵŽĚĞƵŵĂ
ŚŝƉĠƌďŽůĞ͘KŵĄǆŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĠ g (2) = 3 ĞŽŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĠ g (3) = 2 − 3 = 1 ͘
2 3 18 2

ϳϯ͘ ĂĚŽ ƋƵĞ Ž ĚŽŵşŶŝŽ Ġ \ Ğ ƋƵĞ Ă ƌĞƚĂ ĚĞ ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = −1 Ġ ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ ĂŽ ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĞ g ͕ ƉŽĚĞͲƐĞ
ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ ƋƵĞ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ŶĆŽ Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğŵ −1 ͖ ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ ŶĆŽ Ġ ƉŽƐƐşǀĞů ĂĨŝƌŵĂƌ ƋƵĞ͕ ͨƉŽƌƋƵĞ
g (−2) Ğ g (0) ƚġŵ ƐŝŶĂŝƐ ĐŽŶƚƌĄƌŝŽƐ͕ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ƚĞŵƉĞůŽ ŵĞŶŽƐ ƵŵǌĞƌŽ ŶŽ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ]−2,0[ ͩ͘ EŽ
ĞŶƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵŶĆŽƉŽĚĞĂĨŝƌŵĂƌͲƐĞƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͘
EŽƐ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĂŝƐ ƐĞŐƵŝŶƚĞƐ ĂƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂŵͲƐĞ ĚƵĂƐ ƐŝƚƵĂĕƁĞƐ͗ ŶĂ ĚĂ ĞƐƋƵĞƌĚĂ͕ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ŶĆŽ ƚĞŵ
ǌĞƌŽƐĞŵ ]−2,0[ ĞŶĂĚĂĚŝƌĞŝƚĂĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵƵŵǌĞƌŽŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͘

>ŽŐŽ͕ŶĞŶŚƵŵĚŽƐĂůƵŶŽƐĞƐƚĄĂƉĞŶƐĂƌĐŽƌƌĞƚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͘


ϳϰ͘^ĞũĂ g ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂ͕Ğŵ \ ͕ƉŽƌ g ( x ) = f ( x ) − 2 = x 4 + kx − 5 ͘
ŶƚĆŽ͕ g ( x) = 0 ⇔ f ( x) = 2 ͘
( ) ( )
dĞŵͲƐĞ g ( −2) × g (1) < 0 ⇔ ( −2) 4 − 2k − 5 × 14 + k − 5 < 0 ⇔ (11 − 2k ) × ( k − 4) < 0 ⇔
k −∞ 4 11 +∞
2
11 − 2k + + Ϭ −
k −4 − Ϭ + + +
(11 − 2k ) × ( k − 4) − Ϭ + Ϭ −

⇔ k ∈ ]−∞,4[ * º11,+∞ ª
»¼ 2 «¬
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ k ∈ ]−∞,4[ * º11,+∞ª g (−2) × g (1) < 0 Ğ͕ ĐŽŵŽ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğŵ [−2,1] ͕ ƉŽƌ
»¼ 2 «¬
ƐĞƌ Ă ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂ ĚĞ ĚƵĂƐ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂƐ͕ Ž ƚĞŽƌĞŵĂ ĚĞ ŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇ ƉĞƌŵŝƚĞ ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ ƋƵĞ Ă
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ƚĞŵƉĞůŽ ŵĞŶŽƐ ƵŵǌĞƌŽ Ğŵ ]−2,1[ ͕ ŽƵ ƐĞũĂ͕ Ă ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ f ( x) = 2 ƚĞŵ ƉĞůŽ ŵĞŶŽƐ ƵŵĂ
ƐŽůƵĕĆŽŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ]−2,1[ ͘

ϳϱ͘^ƵƉŽŶŚĂŵŽƐƋƵĞ a ĠŽŵĂŝŽƌǌĞƌŽĚĞ f ′ ĞƋƵĞ b Ğ c ƐĆŽǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ĐŽŵ a < b < c ͘
dĞŵͲƐĞ f (b) = f (c) Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞ>ĂŐƌĂŶŐĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ
f (c) − f (b)
∃x ∈ ]b,c[ : f ′( x) = = 0 ͕ŽƋƵĞĐŽŶƚƌĂƌŝĂĂŚŝƉſƚĞƐĞĚĞƋƵĞ a ĠŽŵĂŝŽƌǌĞƌŽĚĞ f ′ ͘
c−b

ϳϲ͘ƐĨƵŶĕƁĞƐĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƐƉŽƌ f ( x) = x ŽƵ f ( x) = x 4 ƐĆŽĞǆĞŵƉůŽƐĞŵƋƵĞ f ′′(0) = 0 ĞĞŵƋƵĞ f ŶĆŽ
ƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′′(a) = 0 ŶĆŽĠĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƐƵĨŝĐŝĞŶƚĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĞŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f
ƚĞŶŚĂƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵ a ͘

§ 2 3 2
·′ 2 2 2
ϳϳ͘ĂͿ f ′( x) = ¨ k x − kx + x − 1¸ = 3k x − 2kx + 1 = k x 2 − 2k x + 1
© 6 3 6 ¹ 6 3 6 2 3 6
2
f ′(1) = 0 ⇔ k − 2k + 1 = 0 ⇔ 3k 2 − 4k + 1 = 0 ⇔ k = 4 ± 16 − 4 × 3 ⇔ k = 4 ± 2 ⇔
2 3 6 6 6
⇔ k = 4 ± 2 ⇔ k = 1 ∨ k = 1
6 3
^Ğ k = 1 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ 1 x 2 − 2k x + 1 = 0 ⇔ x 2 − 4 x + 3 = 0 ⇔ x = 4 ± 16 − 4 × 3 ⇔
3 18 9 6 2
⇔ x = 4 ± 2 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ x = 3 ͖ f (1) = 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 = − 25 ͖ f (3) = 27 − 1 + 3 − 1 = −1

2 54 9 6 27 54 6


ǆ −∞ 1 3 +∞
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ + Ϭ − Ϭ +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
/ − 25 2 −1 /
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽ − 25 ƉĂƌĂ x = 1 ͘
27
^Ğ k = 1 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ 1 x 2 − 2k x + 1 = 0 ⇔ 3x 2 − 4 x + 1 = 0 ⇔ x = 4 ± 16 − 4 × 3 ⇔
2 3 6 6
6 3 6 3 6 ()
⇔ x = 4 ± 2 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ x = 1 ͖ f (1) = 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 = −1 ͖ f 1 = 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 = − 79
3 162 27 18 81
ǆ −∞ 1
1
+∞
3
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ + Ϭ − Ϭ +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
/ − 79 2 −1 /

ĨƵŶĕĆŽĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽ −1 ƉĂƌĂ x = 1 ͘
>ŽŐŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĂƚŝŶŐĞƵŵŵĄǆŝŵŽĞŵ 1 ƉĂƌĂ k = 1 ͘
3

§ 2 ·′
ďͿ f ′′( x) = ¨ k x 2 − 2k x + 1 ¸ = k 2 x − 2k
© 2 3 6¹ 3
3 ( )
f ′′(1) = 0 ⇔ k 2 − 2k = 0 ⇔ k k − 2 = 0 ⇔ k = 0 ∨ k = 2
3 3
dĞŵͲƐĞ k ≠ 0 ƉŽƌƋƵĞ ƐĞ k = 0 Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ƐĞƌŝĂ ƵŵĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ĂĨŝŵ ƋƵĞ ŶĆŽ ĂĚŵŝƚĞ ƉŽŶƚŽƐ ĚĞ
ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
4 2
f ′′( x) = x − = ( x − 1) ͖ f (1) = 9 − 3 + 1 − 1 = − 53
4 4 4
9 9 9 6 3 6 54

ǆ −∞ 1 +∞
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ − Ϭ +
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞ
− 53
ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f 54
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĞŵϭƉĂƌĂ k = 2 ͘
3

′
( )
ϳϴ͘ĂͿ p′(t ) = 2t 3 − 15t 2 + 24t + 4 = 6t 2 − 30t + 24
p′(t ) = 60 ⇔ 6t 2 − 30t + 24 = 60 ⇔ 6t 2 − 30t − 36 = 0 ⇔ t 2 − 5t − 6 = 0 ⇔

5 ± 25 − 4 × ( −6)
⇔t = ⇔ t = 5 ± 7 ⇔ t = −1 ∨ t = 6
2 2


′
( )
p′′(t ) = 6t 2 − 30t + 24 = 12t − 30 ; p′′(6) = 42;
ĂĐĞůĞƌĂĕĆŽĚĂƉĂƌƚşĐƵůĂ͕ŶŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĞŵƋƵĞĂǀĞůŽĐŝĚĂĚĞĠϲϬŵͬƐ͕ĠϰϮŵͬƐϮ͘
( ) ( ) ( ) + 24 × 52 + 4 = 32 = 1,5
3 2
ďͿ p′′(t ) = 0 ⇔ 12t − 30 = 0 ⇔ t = 5 ͖ p 5 = 2 5 − 15 5
2 2 2 2
ŽŵŽ p(0) = 4 ͕ĂƉĂƌƚşĐƵůĂĞƐƚĄϭ͕ϱŵăĚŝƌĞŝƚĂĚĂŽƌŝŐĞŵĚŽĞŝǆŽ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕Ϯ͕ϱŵăĞƐƋƵĞƌĚĂĚĂ

ƉŽƐŝĕĆŽŝŶŝĐŝĂů͘
ƐƚƵĚĞŵŽƐĂŵŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ p ͗
p′(t ) = 0 ⇔ 6t 2 − 30t + 24 = 0 ⇔ t 2 − 5t + 4 = 0 ⇔ t = 5 ± 25 − 4 × 4 ⇔ t = 5 ± 3 ⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = 4
2 2
p (1) = 2 × 13 − 15 × 12 + 24 × 1 + 4 = 15 ; p (4) = 2 × 43 − 15 × 42 + 24 × 4 + 4 = −12
t Ϭ 1 4 +∞
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ p′ + + Ϭ − Ϭ +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ /
4 15 2 −12 /
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ p

p ( 0) = 4 e p (1) = 15 Ğ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ Ġ ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ ŶŽ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ [ 0 ,1] ͖ ůŽŐŽ͕ ĚŽ ŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ t = 0 ĂƚĠ ĂŽ
ŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ t = 1 ĞůĂƉĞƌĐŽƌƌĞƵ 15 − 4 = 11 ŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘
() ª 5º
p (1) = 15 Ğ p 5 = 1,5 Ğ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ Ġ ĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ ŶŽ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ «1, » ͖ ůŽŐŽ͕ ĚŽ ŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ t = 1
2 ¬ 2¼
5
ĂƚĠĂŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ t = ĞůĂƉĞƌĐŽƌƌĞƵ 15 − 1,5 = 13,5 ŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘
2
>ŽŐŽ͕ŶŽƚŽƚĂů͕ĞůĂƉĞƌĐŽƌƌĞƵ 11 + 13,5 = 24,5 ŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘

{ }
ϳϵ͘ĂͿ D = x ∈ \ : x 2 − 1 ≥ 0 = ]−∞,−1] * [1, +∞[

x −∞ −1 1 +∞
x2 − 1 + Ϭ − Ϭ +

2x × x − x2 − 1 x2 − x2 − 1 x2 − x2 + 1
§ x 2 − 1 ·′ 2 x 2 − 1 x2 − 1 x2 − 1 = 1
′
f ( x) = ¨ ͖
¨ x ¸¸
= = =
© ¹ x2 x2 x 2
x x2 −1
2
f ′ ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͖
∀x ∈ ]−∞,−1[, f ′( x) > 0 ͕ f ′(−1) ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĞ f (−1) = 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞, −1]
∀x ∈ ]1,+∞[, f ′( x) > 0 ͕ f ′(1) ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞĞ f (1) = 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [1,+∞[ ͖
f (−1) = 0 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ f (1) = 0 ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
§ 2
−¨ 2 x x − 1 + x 2 2 x ·
¸¸ −2 x x − 1 −
2 x 3 −2 x x 2 − 1 − x 3 ( )
§ 1 ·′ ¨
© 2 x2 − 1 ¹ x2 − 1 = x2 −1
f ′′( x) = ¨ ¸¸ = = =
¨ 2
©x x2 −1 ¹ (
x4 x2 − 1 ) x4 x2 − 1 ( )
x4 x2 − 1 ( )
3 3
= −2 x + 2 x − x = − 3x 2 − 2
( )
x4 x2 − 1 x2 −1 x3 ( x 2 − 1) x 2 − 1
f ′′( x) = 0 ⇔ −3 x 2 + 2 = 0 ⇔ −3 x 2 + 2 = 0 ∧ x ∈ ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[ ⇔

x3 ( x 2 − 1) x 2 − 1
⇔ x 2 = 2 ∧ x ∈ ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[ ⇔ x = ± 2 ∧ x ∈ ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[
3 3
ŽŵŽ ŶĞŵ 2 ŶĞŵ − 2 ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŵ Ă ]−∞, −1[ ∪ ]1, +∞[ ͕ ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐ ĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌ ƋƵĞ f ′′ ŶĆŽ ƚĞŵ
3 3
ǌĞƌŽƐ͘

ǆ −∞ −1 1 +∞
2
−3 x + 2 − − − −
x3 − − + +
x2 − 1 + Ϭ Ϭ +
x2 − 1 + Ϭ Ϭ +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ + Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ŷ͘Ě͘ −
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ Ϭ Ϭ

ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f

K ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ ĐŝŵĂ Ğŵ ]−∞, −1] Ğ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ
ďĂŝǆŽĞŵ [1,+∞[ ͖ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
EĆŽ ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐ ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ ƉŽƌƋƵĞ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ Ġ ĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ Ğŵ ƚŽĚŽ Ž ƐĞƵ ĚŽŵşŶŝŽ ƋƵĞ Ġ
]−∞, −1] * [1,+∞[ ͘
x 2 §¨1 − 12 ·¸ x 1 − 12 − x 1 − 12
lim f ( x) = lim
2
x − 1 = lim © x ¹
= lim x = lim x = lim § − 1 − 1 ·
¨ ¸ = −1
x →−∞ x →−∞ x x →−∞ x x →−∞ x x →−∞ x x →−∞ © x2 ¹

x 2 §¨1 − 12 ·¸ x 1 − 12 x 1 − 12
lim f ( x) = lim x − 1 2
= lim
© x ¹
= lim x = lim x = lim § 1 − 1 · = 1
¨ ¸
x →+∞ x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →+∞ © x2 ¹
ƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ y = −1 Ğ y = 1 ƐĆŽĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĞŵ −∞ ĞĞŵ +∞ ͕ƌĞƐƉĞƚŝǀĂŵĞŶƚĞ͘


2x2
2 x 2 °° − x − 2 se x < −2
ďͿ D = \ \ {−2} ͖ f ( x) = =®
x + 2 ° 2 x2
se x > −2
°¯ x + 2

§ 2 ·′ 4 x( − x − 2) − 2 x 2 × (−1) −4 x 2 − 8 x + 2 x 2
°¨ 2 x ° se x < −2 se x < −2
¸ se x < −2 ° °
°© − x − 2 ¹ ( − x − 2) 2 ° ( − x − 2)
2
f ′( x) = ® =® =® =
° § 2 x 2 ·′ ° 4 x ( x + 2) − 2 x 2 2 2
° 4 x + 8 x − 2 x se x > −2
° ¨ x + 2 ¸ se x > −2 ° se x > −2 °
¯© ¹ ¯ ( x + 2 ) 2
¯ ( x + 2) 2
2 x2 + 8x
°− ( x + 2) 2 se x < −2
°
= ®
2
° 2 x + 8 x se x > −2
°¯ ( x + 2) 2
x < −2, f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ 2 x 2 + 8 x = 0 ⇔ 2 x( x + 4) = 0 ⇔ x = −4 ∨ x = 0 ⇔ x = −4
͖
x > −2, f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ 2 x 2 + 8x = 0 ⇔ 2 x( x + 4) = 0 ⇔ x = −4 ∨ x = 0 ⇔ x = 0

f (−4) = 32 = 16 Ğ f (0) = 0 = 0
2 2

−4
ǆ −∞ −2 0 +∞
−2 x 2 − 8 x − Ϭ +
( x + 2)2 + + +
2
2x + 8x − Ϭ +
( x + 2)2 + + +
^ŝŶĂů ĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ − Ϭ + − Ϭ +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
2 16 / 2 Ϭ /
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ f

f ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞, −4] ĞĞŵ ]−2,0] ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [−4, −2[ ĞĞŵ [0,+∞[ ͖ f (−4) = 16 Ğ
f (0) = 0 ƐĆŽŵşŶŝŵŽƐƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽƐ;ϬĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽͿ͘


§ 2 ′
°¨ − 2 x + 8 x ·¸ se x < −2 °− ( )
(4 x + 8)( x + 2)2 − 2 x 2 + 8 x × 2( x + 2)
se x < −2
° ( x + 2) 2 ¹
°© ° ( x + 2) 4
f ′′( x) = ® =® =
°§ 2 x 2 + 8 x ·′ ( )
° (4 x + 8)( x + 2) − 2 x + 8 x × 2( x + 2)
2 2
se x > −2
°¨ 2 ¸
se x > −2 °
¯°© ( x + 2) ¹ ¯ ( x + 2)4
°− ¬ (
4( x + 2) ª( x + 2)( x + 2) − x 2 + 4 x º ) 2
( 2
¼ se x < −2 °− 4 x + 4 x + 4 − x − 4 x ) se x < −2
°° ( x + 2) 4 ° ( x + 2)3
=® =® =
¬ (
° 4( x + 2) ª( x + 2)( x + 2) − x 2 + 4 x º
¼) (
°4 x + 4x + 4 − x − 4x
2 2
) se x > −2
° se x > −2 °
°̄ ( x + 2) 4 ¯ ( x + 2)3
− 16 se x < −2
°° ( x + 2)3
=®
° 16 3 se x > −2
°̄ ( x + 2)
16 16
f ′′ ŶĆŽƚĞŵǌĞƌŽƐ͖ƐĞ x < −2 , f ′′( x) = − > 0 ͖ƐĞ x > −2 , f ′′( x) = >0
( x + 2) 3
( x + 2)3

negativo positivo
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ ]−∞, −2[ ĞĞŵ ]−2, +∞[ ͖ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐ

ĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
2x2
2 °° − x − 2 se x < −2
f ( x) = 2 x = ®
x + 2 ° 2 x2
se x > −2
°¯ x + 2
2 2
lim + f ( x) = lim + 2 x = 8+ = +∞ lim − f ( x) = lim − 2 x = 8+ = +∞
x →−2 x →−2 x + 2 0 x →−2 x →−2 − x − 2 0
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = −2 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͘

2x2 −x − 2
−2 x 2 −4 x −2 x + 4
−4x
4x +8
8

2x 2 x+2
−2x 2 −4x 2x − 4
−4x
4x +8
8


2 x2
° se x < −2 −2 x + 4 + 8 se x < −2
2
°− x − 2 ° −x − 2
f ( x) = 2 x = ® =®
x + 2 ° 2 x2 8
se x > −2 °¯ 2 x − 4 + x + 2 se x > −2
°¯ x + 2
x →−∞ x →−∞
( 8 + 2 x − 4 = lim 8 = 0
lim [ f ( x) − (−2 x + 4)] = lim −2 x + 4 +
−x − 2 x →−∞ − x − 2
)
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = −2 x + 4 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ −∞
x →+∞
(
x →+∞ x+2 )
lim [ f ( x) − (2 x − 4)] = lim 2 x − 4 + 8 − 2 x + 4 = lim 8 = 0
x →+∞ x + 2
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 2 x − 4 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞

ϴϬ͘ f ( x) = 12
x
Ɛ ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ĚĞ P ƐĆŽ §¨ x, 12 ·¸ ĐŽŵ x > 0 ͖ RS = 2 x

© x ¹
Ğ PS = 12 ͘
x
KƉĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽĚŽƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽĠĚĂĚŽƉŽƌ͗
§ ·
p ( x) = 2 × 2 x + 2 × 12 = 2¨ 2 x + 12 ¸
x © x ¹
WƌŽĐƵƌĞŵŽƐŽŵşŶŝŵŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƉĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽ͘
§ ·′ § · § ·
p′( x) = 2¨ 2 x + 12 ¸ = 2¨ 2 + −24x ¸ = 4¨1 − 13 ¸
© x ¹ © x ¹ © x ¹
§ ·
p′( x) = 0 ⇔ 4¨1 − 13 ¸ = 0 ⇔ 1 − 13 = 0 ⇔ 1 = 13 ⇔ x3 = 1 ⇔ x = 1 ͖ p (1) = 2( 2 + 1) = 6
© x ¹ x x
ǆ 0 1 +∞
3
4x − 4 − Ϭ +
x 3
+ + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ p′ − Ϭ +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
2 6 /
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ p
>ŽŐŽ͕ŽƉĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽĠŵşŶŝŵŽƉĂƌĂ x = 1 ͕ĂƐĚŝŵĞŶƐƁĞƐĚĞƐƐĞƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽƐĆŽ RS = 2 Ğ PS = 1 ͘


ϴϭ͘
()
2 2 2
a2 + x = 16 ⇔ a 2 = 16 − x ⇔ a = 16 − x
2 4 4
2
x 16 − x
A( x) = 4 ͕ĐŽŵ 0 < x < 8
2
§ · § ·
·′ 1 ¨ −x ¸
§
A′( x) = 1 ¨ x 16 − x
2
¨
2
x +x 2 ¸ 1 ¨¨ 16 − x 2 − x2 ¸
¸=
¸¸ = 16 − =
2¨ 4 2¨ 4 2
¸ 2¨ 4 2
¸
© ¹ ¨ 2 16 − x ¸ ¨ 4 16 − x ¸
© 4 ¹ © 4 ¹

§ 2·
4¨16 − x ¸ − x 2
= ©
4¹ 2 2 2 2
= 64 − x − x = 32 − x = 32 − x
2 2 2
8 16 − x 8 16 − x 4 16 − x 2 64 − x 2
4 4 4
A′( x ) = 0 ⇔ 32 − x 2 = 0 ⇔ 32 − x 2 = 0 ⇔ x 2 = 32 ⇔ x = 32 ⇔ x = 4 2
2
2 −
64
x
positivo para 0 < x <8
(4 2 )
2
4 2 16 −
A(4 2) = 4 = 2 2 16 − 32 = 2 2 8 = 2 2 × 2 2 = 8
2 4
ǆ 0 4 2 8
32 − x 2 + Ϭ −
2 64 − x 2
+ + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ A′ + Ϭ −
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
/ 8 2
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ A
KƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽƚĞŵĄƌĞĂŵĄǆŝŵĂƋƵĂŶĚŽ AC = 4 2 ͖
( )
2
42 + 42 = 32 = 4 2
>ŽŐŽ͕ŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽĠƌĞƚąŶŐƵůŽ͘


′
( )
ϴϮ͘ĂͿ f ′( x ) = x 3 − 3 x 2 − 1 = 3 x 2 − 6 x = 3 x ( x − 2)
∀x ∈ ]0,2[, f ′( x) < 0 ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ f ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [0,2] ͖

′
( )
g ′( x ) = x 2 − 5 = 2 x
∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[, g ′( x) > 0 ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ g ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [0,+∞[ ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ

Ğŵ [0,2] ͘
( f − g )′ ( x) = f ′( x)
N − g ′( x)
N < 0, ∀x ∈]0,2[
negativaem ]0,2[ positivaem ]0,2[
>ŽŐŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f − g ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͘

ďͿĨƵŶĕĆŽ f − g ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]1,1;1,3[ Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŶĆŽƉŽĚĞƚĞƌŵĂŝƐĚŽƋƵĞƵŵǌĞƌŽ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f − g ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [1,1;1,3] ͘
( )
( f − g )(1,1) = f(1,1) − g(1,1) = 1,13 − 3 ×1,12 − 1 − (1,12 − 5) = 0,491 > 0 Ğ
( )
( f − g )(1,3) = f (1,3) − g (1,3) = 1,33 − 3 ×1,32 − 1 − (1,32 − 5) = −0,563 < 0 ͕ ĐŽŶĐůƵşŵŽƐ ƋƵĞ f − g
ƚĞŵƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵ ]1,1;1,3[ ͘WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ f − g ƚĞŵĞǆĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞƵŵǌĞƌŽĞŵ ]1,1;1,3[ ͕ŽƵ
ƐĞũĂ͕ ŽƐ ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƐ ĚĂƐ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ f Ğ g ŝŶƚĞƌƐĞƚĂŵͲƐĞ ŶƵŵ ƷŶŝĐŽ ƉŽŶƚŽ ĚĞ ĂďĐŝƐƐĂ ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞŶƚĞ ĂŽ
ŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ]1,1;1,3[ ͘

ZĞĐŽƌƌĞŶĚŽ Ă ƵŵĂ ĐĂůĐƵůĂĚŽƌĂ͕ ĐŽŶĐůƵşŵŽƐ ƋƵĞ ĞƐƐĞ ƉŽŶƚŽ ƚĞŵ ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ (1,2 ; − 3,6) ͕ ĐŽŵ
ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĕĆŽăƐĚĠĐŝŵĂƐ͘

ϰ͘&ƵŶĕƁĞƐǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐĞ&ƵŶĕƁĞƐ>ŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂƐ

ϭ͘ :ƵƌŽƐĐŽŵƉŽƐƚŽƐĞŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞEĞƉĞƌ

ϭ͘ ĂͿ 0, 04 × 60 000 = 2400 ĞƵƌŽƐ

ďͿ 72 000 = 60 000 + 5 × 2 400 ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂĞĂƚƌŝǌĞƐƚĂǀĂĂƉĞŶƐĂƌƋƵĞŽůƵĐƌŽĚŽŶƚſŶŝŽŝĂƐĞƌŽ
ŵĞƐŵŽƚŽĚŽƐŽƐĂŶŽƐ͕ŽƋƵĞŶĆŽĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞ͘ZĞƉĂƌĞͲƐĞ͕ƉŽƌĞǆĞŵƉůŽ͕ƋƵĞŶŽƐĞŐƵŶĚŽĂŶŽŽůƵĐƌŽ
ĚŽŶƚſŶŝŽĠϰйĚĞϲϮϰϬϬĞƵƌŽƐƋƵĞŶĆŽĠŽŵĞƐŵŽƋƵĞϰйĚĞϲϬϬϬϬĞƵƌŽƐ͘
( )
5
C5 = 60 000 1 + 4 = 72999,17414 ͘KŶƚſŶŝŽǀĂŝƚĞƌϳϮϬϬϬĞƵƌŽƐĞŵĂŝƐƵŶƐďŽŶƐͨƚƌŽĐŽƐͩ͘
100
sĂŝƚĞƌϳϮϵϵϵ͕ϭϳĞƵƌŽƐ͘

( ) = 72 999,17414 × 0, 04 = 2 919,97 ĞƵƌŽƐ

5
ĐͿ 0, 04 × 60 000 1 + 4
100

(
ĚͿ C1 − 60 000 = 2919,97 ⇔ 60 000 1 + k − 60 000 = 2919,97 ⇔
100 )
( )
⇔ 60 000 1 + k − 1 = 2 919, 97 ⇔ 600k = 2 919,97 ⇔ k = 4,867 й
100

20
Ϯ͘ C20 = 10 000 §¨1 +
1,8 ·
¸ = 14 287, 48 ĞƵƌŽƐ
© 100 ¹

( )
10 5
= 100 000 §¨1 +
1,5 ·
1 + 2 ¨§ 1 +
5
2, 4 ·
ϯ͘ C 20 ¸ = 144 265 ĞƵƌŽƐ
© 100 ¹ 100 © 100 ¹¸

10
ϰ͘ϱĂŶŽƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞĂϭϬƐĞŵĞƐƚƌĞƐ͕ůŽŐŽ C10 = 2500 §¨1 +
0,8 ·
¸ = 2 707,36 ĞƵƌŽƐ
© 100 ¹

( ) ( )
12 12
ϱ͘ 1, 24 ×12500 = 15500 ͖ C12 = 15500 ⇔ 12500 1 + k = 15500 ⇔ 1 + k = 31 ⇔
100 100 25
⇔ 1 + k = 12 31 ⇔ k = 100 12 31 − 100 ⇔ k 1,8 ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƚĂǆĂĂŶƵĂůĂƉůŝĐĂĚĂĨŽŝϭ͕ϴй͘

100 25 25


ϲ͘ĂͿ 500 000 − 0, 05 × 500 000 = 475000 ; 475000 − 0, 05 × 475000 = 451250
ĂƋƵŝĂƵŵĂŶŽǀĂůĞϰϳϱϬϬϬĞƵƌŽƐĞĚĂƋƵŝĂĚŽŝƐĂŶŽƐǀĂůĞϰϱϭϮϱϬĞƵƌŽƐ͘
( )
n
ďͿ Cn = 500 000 1 − 5
100

2
ϳ͘ ĂͿϭĂŶŽƚĞŵϮƐĞŵĞƐƚƌĞƐ͕ůŽŐŽ C2 = 50 000 §¨1 +
2, 4 ·
¸ = 51207, 20 ĞƵƌŽƐ͘
© 100 × 2 ¹
12
ďͿϭĂŶŽƚĞŵϭϮŵĞƐĞƐ͕ůŽŐŽ C12 = 50 000 §¨1 +
2, 4 ·
= 51213, 29 ĞƵƌŽƐ͘
© 100 ×12 ¸¹
ĐͿϭĂŶŽƚĞŵϯϲϱĚŝĂƐ͕ϭĚŝĂƚĞŵϮϰŚŽƌĂƐ͕ϭŚŽƌĂƚĞŵϲϬŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͕ůŽŐŽϭĂŶŽƚĞŵ
525600
§ 2, 4 ·
365 × 24 × 60 = 525600 ŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ C525600 = 50 000 ¨1 + ¸ = 51214,52 ĞƵƌŽƐ͘
© 100 × 525600 ¹

ϴ͘ĂůĐƵůĞŵŽƐĂƚĂǆĂĚĞũƵƌŽƚƌŝŵĞƐƚƌĂů͘
( )
20 225, 23 1 + k = 20376,92
100
20 225, 23 (1 + k ) = 20376,92 ⇔ (1 + k ) =
20376,92 20376,92
⇔ 1+ k = ⇔ k 0, 7500
100 100 20 225, 23 100 20 225, 23
r
= k ⇔ r = 4k ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ r 4 × 0, 7500 3 й͘
4

3
( ) ª
( ) º
3n n
ϵ͘ĂͿ lim 1 + 1 = lim « 1 + 1 » = e3
n ¬ n ¼

ªª n º2 3º
( ) ( ) ( )
2 n +3
ďͿ lim 1 + 1 «
= lim « 1 + 1
» 1 + 1 » = e2 ×13 = e2
n «¬¬ n ¼ n »
¼

−1
( ) ª
( ) º
−n n
ĐͿ lim 1 + 1 = lim « 1 + 1 » = e−1 = 1
n ¬ n ¼ e

ª n º −2 º
( ) ( )( )
3− 2 n 3ª
ĚͿ lim 1 + 1 = lim « 1 + 1 1 1
« 1+ n » » = 1 × e = e = 2
3 −2 −2

n «¬ n ¬ ¼ »¼ e
( ) ( ) = e
n n
ĞͿ lim n + 1 = lim 1 + 1
n n

( ) ª
( ) ( ) ( )
n nº ª −n º ª n −n º
ĨͿ lim 2n = lim «2n × n » = lim «2n × n + 1 1
» = lim «2 × 1 + n » =
n +1 ¬ n +1 ¼ ¬ n ¼ ¬ ¼
ª º
« n »
= lim «2 × 1 n » = +∞ × 1 = +∞
«
¬«
1+ 1 »
n ¼»
e
( )

ª n º −2 º
( ) ( ) ( )( )
1− 2 n 1− 2 n 1ª
ŐͿ lim 4n + 4 = lim 4 + 4 = lim « +4 4 4
« +
4
» »=
3n 3 3n «¬ 3 3n ¬ 3 3n ¼ »¼
2
ª º
« »
( ) ( ) = 43 × 0 = 0
2
= lim 4 + 4 × lim « 1
» = 4 × lim 1
( )( ) +∞ × e
3 3n n n 3
« 4 1+ 1 »
¬« 3 n ¼»

§ · § ·
¨ 2 n ¸ ¨ 2 n ¸
( 3n2+n 3) §
() ( ) () ()
n n n·
ŚͿ lim = lim¨ 2 × n ¸ = lim ¨ × 1 ¸ = lim ¨ × 1 ¸ = 0× 1 = 0
+
( ) ( )
3 n 1 3 n 3 n e
© ¹ ¨ n +1 ¸ ¨ 1+ 1 ¸
¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
© n ¹ © n ¹

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )=
2− n −2+ n −2 n −2 n
ŝͿ lim 2n = lim 5n + 2
× lim 5n + 2 = lim 5n + 2 = lim 5n + 2 × lim 5 + 1
5n + 2 2n 2n 2n 2n 2 n
§ § 2· ·
n
¨ ¸
( ) ( ) ( ) ()
−2 n −2 n
= lim 5 + 1 × lim¨§ 5 × 1 + 2 ·¸ = lim 5 + 1 × lim¨ 5 × ¨¨1 + 5 ¸¸ ¸ =
2 n ©2 5n ¹ 2 n ¨ 2 ¨ n¸ ¸
© © ¹ ¹
() § ·
−2 2
= 5 × ¨ +∞ × e 5 ¸ = 4 × (+∞) = +∞
2 © ¹ 25

Ϯ͘&ƵŶĕƁĞƐĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐ

() () ( ) ( )
4 −2 −1 1
ϭϬ͘ĂͿ 2
−4
= 1 ďͿ 1 = 42 ĐͿ − 3 = −4
2 4 4 3

−1
()
1 1 2
ďͿ 1
2
ϭϭ͘ĂͿ 4 3 = 4
3
= 32 = 3 ĐͿ 4 3 = 3 42
3


()
−3 1 4
ϭϮ͘ĂͿ 1 ďͿ
1 = 3−1 = 3− 2 ĐͿ 3 a 4 = a 3
= 43
4 3

ϭϯ͘ĂͿ f (0) = 2 ⇔ c × 3k ×0 = 2 ⇔ c = 2 ; como f é crescente vem que k > 0 ͘

ďͿ f (0) = 1 ⇔ c × 3k ×0 = 1 ⇔ c = 1 ; como f é decrescente vem que k < 0 ͘

ĐͿ f (0) = −2 ⇔ c × 3k ×0 = −2 ⇔ c = −2 ; como f é crescente vem que k < 0 ͘

ϭϰ͘WĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƐĞũĂĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ 3 − a > 1 ⇔ a < 2 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ a ∈ ]−∞,2[ ͘

k 2 − 2 k2 − 2 k2 − 2
2 °° k > 0 °° > 0 °° >0
ϭϱ͘ 0 < k − 2 <1⇔ ® ⇔®
k
⇔®
k

k 2
°k −2 <1
2
°k − 2 −1 < 0
2
°k − k − 2 < 0
°¯ k °¯ k °¯ k
k −∞ − 2 0 2 +∞
k −2
2
+ Ϭ − − − Ϭ +
k − − − Ϭ + + +
k2 − 2 Ϭ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ϭ
− + − +
k
k 2 − 2 > 0 ⇔ k ∈ º− 2,0ª ∪ º 2, +∞ ª
k ¼ ¬ ¼ ¬

k −∞ −1 0 2 +∞
k −k −2
2
+ Ϭ − − − Ϭ +
k − − − Ϭ + + +
2
k −k −2 Ϭ Ŷ͘Ě͘ Ϭ
− + − +
k

1 ± 1 − 4 × ( −2)
k2 − k − 2 = 0 ⇔ k = ⇔ k = 1 ± 3 ⇔ k = −1 ∨ k = 2
2 2
k 2 − k − 2 < 0 ⇔ k ∈ −∞, −1 ∪ 0,2
k
] [ ] [
( )
dĞŵͲƐĞ ¼º − 2,0¬ª ∪ ¼º 2, +∞ ¬ª ∩ ( ]−∞,−1[ ∪ ]0,2[ ) = º¼ − 2,−1ª¬ ∪ º¼ 2,2ª¬
KĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽĚŽƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐĚĞ k ƉĂƌĂŽƐƋƵĂŝƐĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ g ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĠ º¼ − 2,−1ª¬ ∪ º¼ 2,2ª¬ ͘


§ ·
()
x
( 2 ¹ )
ϭϲ͘ĂͿ lim 3x + 2− x = lim ¨ 3x + 1 ¸ = +∞ + 0 = +∞
x →+∞ x →+∞
©

§
() −x · §
() ·
x −y
ďͿ lim ¨ 1
x →−∞ 5
+ 4 ¸ = lim ¨ 1 ( )
+ 4 y ¸ = lim 5 y + 4 y = +∞ + ∞ = +∞
© ¹ y =− x y →+∞ © 5 ¹ y →+∞

2x 2x ª 1 § 2 ·x º 1
ĐͿ lim x +1
= lim x
= lim « × ¨ ¸ » = × ( +∞) = +∞
x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ « 3 © 3 ¹ » 3
3 3 3 ¬ ¼

ª º
() ( ) =0
x x
ĚͿ lim (3− x × 2 x ) = lim « 1 × 2 x » = lim 2
x →+∞ 3
x →+∞
¬ ¼ x →+∞ 3

( )
3
π
2 ×4 3 2π × 22 π 2 3 π +2 3 − 1
ϭϳ͘ĂͿ = 1
= 2 × 21 =2 2
2
22 22

( 3 )
3
2 24
×2 6 2 6 6
= 3 ×2 =3 × 22 6 6
= 3 ×2
2 6
=2
2 6
6− 6
ďͿ = 22 =2 6

2 6 2 6
6 § 12 · 6 6 6
2 ×3 6
2 6
¨6 ¸
© ¹

1 1
ϭϴ͘ĂͿ 2k + s = 2k × 2s = 5 × 3 = 15 ďͿ 2−s = s = ĐͿ 2k +1 = 2k × 2 = 5 × 2 = 10
2 3

s
( )
2
ĚͿ 22k = 2k = 52 = 25 ĞͿ 2 3 = 3 2s = 3 3 ĨͿ 6 s = 2 s × 3s = 3 × 4 = 12

()
s s s
ŐͿ 2 = 2 s = 2 2 = 32 = 3
9
32 ( ) ( )
3s 4 16

ŚͿ 3− sk = 1sk = 1 k = 1k = 12 k = 1 = 12 = 1
( ) ( )
2 25
3 3s 4 2 2k 5

( )
s
ŝͿ 2 s = 2 s×s = 2 s
2
= 3s = 4

1 1 1 1
sk
( ) = ¨§ 3s
( ) ·2
( ) = ¨§ 22 ¸· = 2k = 5
( )
k k 2
ũͿ 3 2 = 3 sk 2
¸ = 4
k 2
© ¹ © ¹


1
ϭϵ͘ĂͿ 9 = 3 ⇔ 3
x 2x
⇔ 2x = 1 ⇔ x = 1
= 32
2 4
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = 1
4 {}

ďͿ 1000 x = 0,01 ⇔ 103 x = 10−2 ⇔ 3 x = −2 ⇔ x = − 2
3
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = − 2
3 { }

ĐͿ
5x + 5 × 5x = 130 ⇔ 5x + 25 × 5x = 650 ⇔ 26 × 5x = 650 ⇔ 5x = 25 ⇔ 5x = 52 ⇔ x = 2
5
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = {2}

( )
ĚͿ x × 21− x = 4 x ⇔ x × 21− x − 4 x = 0 ⇔ x × 21− x − 4 = 0 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ 21− x − 4 = 0 ⇔
⇔ x = 0 ∨ 21− x = 4 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ 21− x = 22 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ 1 − x = 2 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ x = −1 ͖
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = {−1,0}

x
( )
9 = 108 − 3x ⇔ 32 x = 972 − 9 × 3x ⇔ 3x 2
ĞͿ 9 x−1 = 108 − 3x ⇔ + 9 × 3x − 972 = 0 ⇔
9
−9 ± 81 − 4 × (−972)
⇔ 3x = ⇔ 3x = −9 ± 63 ⇔ 3x = −36 ∨ 3x = 27 ⇔ 3x = 33 ⇔ x = 3
2 2
( )
− 6 × 2 x + 8 = 0 ⇔ 2 x = 6 ± 36 − 4 × 8 ⇔ 2 x = 6 ± 2 ⇔
2
ĨͿ 22 x = 3 × 2 × 2 x − 8 ⇔ 2 x
2 2
⇔ 2 = 2 ∨ 2 = 4 ⇔ 2 = 2 ∨ 2 = 2 ⇔ x = 1∨ x = 2
x x x x 2
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = {1,2}

2
( ) ( )
2 2
ŐͿ 22− x + 3 = 2 x ⇔ 2 x + 3 = 2 x ⇔ 4x + 3 = 2 x ⇔ 4 + 3 × 2 x = 2 x ⇔ 2x − 3 × 2x − 4 = 0 ⇔
2 2
3 ± 9 − 4 × (−4)
⇔ 2x = ⇔ 2 x = 3 ± 5 ⇔ 2 x = −1 ∨ 2 x = 4 ⇔ 2 x = 22 ⇔ x = 2
2 2


3x 3 2x 3 2 x− x 3 1
⇔ 4 × 4 x > 2 2 ⇔ 4 × 22 x > 2 2 ⇔ 2 3 > 1 ⇔ 2 2 > 2−2 ⇔ 2 2 > 2−2 ⇔
x x x
ϮϬ͘ ĂͿ 4 x +1 > 2
x 4
22
⇔ 1 x > −2 ⇔ x > −4
2
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ]−4, +∞[

()
x −2 x
ďͿ 0,25 x ≤ 8 x +1 ⇔ 1 ≤ 8 × 8 x ⇔ 4− x ≤ 8 × 23 x ⇔ 2−2 x ≤ 8 × 23 x ⇔ 2 3 x ≤ 23 ⇔
4 2
⇔ 2−2 x −3 x ≤ 23 ⇔ −2 x − 3 x ≤ 3 ⇔ −5 x ≤ 3 ⇔ x ≥ − 3
5
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ª− 3 ,+∞ª
¬« 5 ¬«

( ) < 12 ⇔ x > 1
x
ĐͿ 1
2
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ]1, +∞[

ĚͿ 4 x > 2 x ⇔ 22 x > 2 x ⇔ 2 x 2 > x ⇔ 2 x 2 − x > 0 ⇔ x ∈ ]−∞,0[ * º ,+∞ª

2 2
1
»¼ 2 «¬
2 x 2 − x = 0 ⇔ x( 2 x − 1) = 0 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ 2 x − 1 = 0 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ x = 1
2

1
x −∞ 0 +∞
2
2x 2 − x + Ϭ − Ϭ +

ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ]−∞,0[ * º 1 , +∞ª
¼» 2 ¬«

ĞͿ 81x ≥ 27 x
2
−5
⇔ 34 x ≥ 33
( x −5) ⇔ 4 x ≥ 3x 2 − 15 ⇔ −3x 2 + 4 x + 15 ≥ 0 ⇔ x ∈ ª− 5 ,3º
2

«¬ 3 »¼
−4 ± 16 − 4 × ( −3) × 15
−3 x 2 + 4 x + 15 = 0 ⇔ x = ⇔ x = −4 ± 14 ⇔ x = 3 ∨ x = − 5
−6 −6 3
x −∞ −5 3 +∞
3
−3x 2 + 4 x + 15 − Ϭ + Ϭ −

ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ª− 5 ,3º
«¬ 3 »¼


ĨͿ 2 x − 1 = 0 ⇔ 2 x = 1 ⇔ 2 x = 20 ⇔ x = 0; 2 x − 1 > 0 ⇔ 2 x > 1 ⇔ 2 x > 20 ⇔ x > 0
x −∞ 0 3 +∞
2x −1 − Ϭ + + +
3− x + + + Ϭ −
2x −1 Ϭ Ŷ͘Ě͘
− + −
3− x
2 x − 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ x ∈ 0,3

3− x
[ [
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = [0,3[

( )
3 2
ŐͿ 3x + 31− x ≥ 4 ⇔ 3x + x ≥ 4 ⇔ 32 x + 3 ≥ 4 × 3x ⇔ 3x − 4 × 3x + 3 ≥ 0 ⇔ x y 2 − 4 y + 3 ≥ 0 ⇔
3 seja y =3
y 2 − 4 y + 3 = 0 ⇔ y = 4 ± 16 − 4 × 3 ⇔ y = 4 ± 2 ⇔ y = 1 ∨ y = 3
2 2

y −∞ 1 3 +∞
y − 4y + 3
2
+ Ϭ − Ϭ +

3x = 30 ∨ 3x = 3 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ x = 1
⇔ y ≤ 1 ∨ y ≥ 3 ⇔ 3x ≤ 1 ∨ 3x ≥ 3 ⇔ 3x ≤ 30 ∨ 3x ≥ 31 ⇔ x ≤ 0 ∨ x ≥ 1 ͖
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ]−∞,0] ∪ [1,+∞[

( )
ŚͿ 3x+1 − x 2 × 3x ≥ 0 ⇔ 3 × 3x − x2 × 3x ≥ 0 ⇔ 3Nx 3 − x 2 ≥ 0 ⇔ 3 − x 2 ≥ 0 ⇔ x ∈ ª¬− 3, 3 º¼
>0
x −∞ − 3 3 +∞
− x2 + 3 − Ϭ + Ϭ −

ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ª¬− 3, 3 º¼

() ( ) ( ) ⇔ x≤0
x x 0
ŝͿ 3x ≥ 4 x ⇔ 3 ≥1⇔ 3 ≥ 3
4 4 4
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ]−∞,0]

ũͿ 4 − 2 §¨ 1x − 3 ·¸ ≥ 0 ⇔ 22 x − 2
§ 1 − 3 × 3x · (
22 x − 2 1 − 3x +1 )( )
( x
©3
) ¹
( ) ¨
© 3
x ¸≥0⇔
¹ 3Nx
≥0⇔
>0


2 2 x − 2 = 0 ⇔ 22 x = 2 ⇔ 2 x = 1 ⇔ x = 1
(2 2x
)(
− 2 1 − 3x+1 ) ≥ 0 ⇔
2x 2x 1
2
1

2 − 2 > 0 ⇔ 2 > 2 ⇔ 2x > 1 ⇔ x >
2
x +1 x +1 x +1 0
1 − 3 = 0 ⇔ 3 = 1 ⇔ 3 = 3 ⇔ x + 1 = 0 ⇔ x = −1

1 − 3x+1 > 0 ⇔ 3x+1 < 1 ⇔ 3x +1 < 30 ⇔ x + 1 < 0 ⇔ x < −1

1
x −∞ −1 2 +∞

22 x − 2 − − − Ϭ +
−3x+1 + 1 + Ϭ − − −
(2 2x
)(
− 2 1 − 3x+1 ) − Ϭ + Ϭ −

⇔ x ∈ ª−1, 1 º
¬« 2 ¼»
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ª−1, º
1
¬« 2 ¼»

() () ( ) − 4º»¼ ≤ 0 ⇔
ª
x x x
ŬͿ x 1 ≤ 4x ⇔ x 1 − 4x ≤ 0 ⇔ x« 1
2 2 ¬ 2
( 12 ) − 4 = 0 ⇔ 2 = 2 ⇔ −x = 2 ⇔ x = −2
x
−x 2

( 12 ) − 4 > 0 ⇔ 2 > 2 ⇔ −x > 2 ⇔ x < −2
x
−x 2
−2
x −∞ 0 +∞

x − − − Ϭ +
( 12 ) − 4
x
+ Ϭ − − −
x «( 1 ) − 4»
ª ºx
− Ϭ + Ϭ −
¬ 2 ¼

⇔ x ∈ ]−∞, −2] ∪ [ 0, +∞[
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ]−∞,−2] ∪ [0,+∞[

( ) =e
n
Ϯϭ͘ĂͿ lim 1 + 2 2

n


( ) ( ) × lim(1 − n2 ) = e
n +1 n
ďͿ lim 1 − 2 = lim 1 − 2 −2
× 1 = e−2
n n

2
( ) ( ) ( § ·
) ( )
2 n +1 2n n
ĐͿ lim 1 + 2 = lim 1 + 2 × lim 1 + 2 = lim¨ 1 + 2 ×1 =
n+3 n+3 n+3 © n + 3 ¹¸
−3 2
= ¨ lim(1 + 2 ) lim(1 + 2 )
§ n +3
·
( )
−3 2
2
¸ = e ×1 = e4
© n+3 n+3 ¹
( ) ( )
n n
§ n 1+ 2 · lim 1 + 2
( ) ¨ ¸
n 2
ĚͿ lim n + 2
n n
= lim¨ ¸ = = e5 = e−3
n+5
¨ n 1+
©
5
n ( ) ¸
¹
lim 1 + 5
n ( )
n
e
( )
1−3n
§ 2n 1 + 1 · §1 + 1 ·
1−3n
ª§ 1 ·
−3n
º
+ 1+ 1 »
( ) «¨ 2n ¸
1−3n ¨ ¸ 1
ĞͿ lim 2n + 1 = lim¨¨ 2n ¸¸
2n 2n =
= lim¨ ¸ = lim «¨ ¸ × »
2n − 3
¨ 2n 1 −
© ( 3
2n ) ¸
¹
¨1− 3 ¸
© 2n ¹
«¨ 1 −
¬© 2n ¹
3 ¸ 1− 3 »
2n ¼
3n 3n
§ 3× 3 · § 9·
¨
lim¨1 − 2 ¸ lim¨1 − 2 ¸¸
¨
( ) ¸
3n 3n
§1− 3 · 3
1 + 1 lim 1 − 2n ¨ 2n × 3 ¸ ¨ 3n ¸ −9
= lim¨¨ 2n ¸¸ × lim 2n = 1 © 2 ¹ © ¹ e 2 − 9 −− 3
× = = = = e 2 2 = e −6
( )
3n 1 3n 3n 3
¨1+ 1 ¸ 1 − 3 lim 1 + 1 § 1× 3 · § 3· e2
© 2n ¹ ¨ ¸ lim 1 + ¸
¨
2n 2n 2 2
lim 1 +
¨ ¸ ¨ 3n ¸
¨ 2n × 3 ¸ ¨ ¸
© 2¹ © ¹

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) =
n
§ 2 · n n n n n
lim¨ n −2 9 ¸ = lim n − 3 × n + 3 = lim n − 3 lim n + 3 = lim 1 − 3 lim 1 + 3
ĨͿ © n ¹ n n n n n n
= e−3 × e3 = e0 = 1

2n
ª § 5 ·º
( ) « ¨ » ª
( ) º
2n 2n
ŐͿ lim 2 + 5 = lim «2¨1 + 2 ¸¸» = lim «22 n 1 + 5 »=
n +1 n + 1 ¬ 2n + 2 ¼
«¬ ¨© ¸
¹»¼
ª
( ) ( ) º
( ) ( )
2 n+ 2 −2 2n+2 −2
= lim «22 n 1 + 5
2n + 2
1+ 5
2n + 2
2n
( ) 5
» = lim 2 × lim 1 + 2n + 2 × lim 1 + 5
2n + 2
=
¬ ¼
= +∞ × e5 × 1 = +∞
( ) §
( ) ·¸¸
n n
§ · 2 § 2·
n
1− 2
¨ −n 1 − n − ¨
( )
n
¸ 1
ŚͿ lim 2 − n ¨ n¸ n
¸ = lim¨ (−1) 3 ¸ = lim¨ (−1)
n
= lim¨
n+3
¨ n 1+
©
¸
¹
3
n
¨
© ( )1+ ¸
n¹
¨
¨
©
1+ 3
n ( ) ¹¸¸
n
ƐƚĞůŝŵŝƚĞŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞƉŽƌƋƵĞ͗
ƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů ( −1) ŶĆŽƚĞŵůŝŵŝƚĞ;ŽƐƚĞƌŵŽƐĚĞƐƚĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƐĆŽ͕ĂůƚĞƌŶĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕
n
ŝŐƵĂŝƐĂ −1 ĞĂϭͿ͘

n n n n
§ 2· § 2· § 3· § 3·
¨1 − ¸ lim ¨1 − ¸ −2 ¨ 1+ ¸ lim ¨1 + ¸ 3
lim ©
n¹ © n ¹ = e = e−5 Ğ lim © n ¹ = © n ¹ = e = e5
=
§ 3·
n
§ 3·
n
e3 § 2·
n
§ 2·
n
e −2
¨1 + ¸ lim ¨1 + ¸ ¨1 − ¸ lim ¨ 1 − ¸
© n¹ © n¹ © n¹ © n¹
§
( ) 2 · §
( ) ( ) ·¸¸ ͘
n n n
− − 2 1+ 3
¨ 1
n ¸ ¨ 1
n n
^ĞĞǆŝƐƚŝƐƐĞ lim¨ (−1) n ¸ ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͕ƚĂŵďĠŵĞǆŝƐƚŝĂ lim¨ (−1)n ×
( ) ( ) ( ) ¹¸¸
n n n
¨ 1 + 3 ¸¸ ¨ 1+ 3 1− 2
¨ ¨
© n ¹ © n n
(1 − 2 ) (1 + 3 )
n n
n n
= ( −1) ƋƵĞŶĆŽƚĞŵůŝŵŝƚĞ͘
n
DĂƐ (−1) n
×
(1 + n ) (1 − n )
n n
3 2
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
§ 2 ·
n
§ n
· n
¨ −n 1 − n ¨ 1 1− 2 ¸ lim 1 − 2
( ) ( ) ¸
n n n
ŝͿ lim 2 − n
n n
= lim¨ ¸ = lim¨ − 3 ¸ = lim − 1 =
3n + 1
( ) ¨ 3n 1 +
©
1
3n ( ) ¸
¹
¨
¨
©
1+ 1
3n
n
¸
¸
¹
3
lim 1 + ( )
1
3n
n
º lim(1 − n )
n
2 ª º
= lim «(−1) ( ) » −1) ( ) »
ª 1
n
« 1 »e
n −2 −7
n
= lim « (N n
n
1
= 0× e 3 =0
¬ 3 ¼ § 1· N3
« »e ¬
limitada
infinitésimo¼
3
lim¨¨1 + 3 ¸¸
¨ n¸
© ¹

x+2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ª
( ) º
2 x −1 2 x+ 4 −5
ϮϮ͘ĂͿ lim 1 − 3 = lim 1 − 3 × lim 1 − 3 = lim « 1 − 3 » ×1 =
x →+∞ x+2 x →+∞ x+2 x →+∞ x+2 x + 2→+∞
¬ x+2 ¼
( )
2
= e −3 = e−6

x −3
§ 1·
lim ¨1 − 2¸
( ) ( )
x −3 x −3
§ 2x 1− 1 · lim 1 − 1 x →−∞ ¨ x ¸¸
¨
( ) ¨ ¸
x −3
ďͿ lim 2 x − 1 = lim ¨
2x
= x →−∞ 2x
= © ¹ =
¸
x →−∞ 2 x + 3 x →−∞
¨ 2x 1 +
© 2
3
(
x ) ¸
¹
lim 1 + 3
x →−∞ 2x ( )
x −3
§
¨
lim 1 +
3·
2¸
x −3
x →−∞ ¨ x ¸¸
¨
© ¹
x −3
§ 1· § 1·
lim ¨1 − 2 ¸ × lim ¨1 − 2¸
x →−∞ ¨ x ¸¸ x →−∞¨¨ x ¸¸
¨ −1 1 3
= © ¹ © ¹ = 2 × 1 = e − 2 − 2 = e −2
e
x −3 3
§ 3· § 3· e 2 ×1
lim ¨1 + 2 ¸ × lim ¨1 + 2¸
x →−∞ ¨ x ¸¸ x →−∞¨¨ x ¸¸
¨
© ¹ © ¹


( ) =
x x
ĐͿ lim §¨1 + x2 − 1 ·¸ = lim §¨1 + ·
x
x −1 1+ 1
x →+∞ © − + ¸ = xlim x +1
x −1¹ x →+∞ © ( x 1)( x 1) ¹ →+∞
( ) ( ) ( )
x +1 −1 x +1
= lim 1 + 1 × lim 1 + 1 = lim 1 + 1 ×1 = e
x →+∞ x +1 x →+∞ x +1 x +1→+∞ x +1

y
1
§ ·
ĚͿ lim+ (1 + x ) =
x lim ¨1 + 1 ¸ = e
x →0 y= 1 y →+∞ © y¹
x

y y
§ · § ·
1
ĞͿ lim − (2 + x) x +1 = lim ¨ 2 + 1 − 1¸ = lim ¨1 + 1 ¸ = e
x →−1 y= 1 y →−∞ © y ¹ y →−∞ © y¹
x +1
x = 1 −1
y

e2 x − 1 = lim § 2 × e2 x − 1 · = 2 lim e2 x − 1 = 2 ×1 = 2
Ϯϯ͘ĂͿ lim ¨
x →0 5 x x →0 © 5 2 x ¸¹ 5 2 x→0 2 x 5 5

2x 2x
§ 2x
· 2x
ďͿ lim 12− e = − lim e − 1 = − lim ¨ 2 × e − 1 ¸ = − lim 2 × lim e − 1 = − 2 × 1 = − 2
x →0 x + 3 x x →0 x ( x + 3) x →0 © x + 3 2x ¹ x →0 x + 3 2 x →0 2 x 3 3

x 2x −e x e x − 1 ( ) x
ĐͿ lim
x→0
e −
x
e = lim
x →0 x x→0 x→0 x
( )
= lim −e x × lim e − 1 = −1×1 = −1
ĚͿ lim
e 2x
− e 2
= lim e 2( y +1)
− e 2
= lim e 2 y+2
− e 2
= lim
e2 e2 y − 1
=
( )
x→1 x − 1 y = x −1 y →0 y y →0 y y →0 y
x = y +1
2y
= 2e 2 lim e − 1 = 2e 2 × 1 = 2e 2
2 y →0 2 y

ª § 2 ·º ª º y
( )
ĞͿ lim « x¨ e x − 1¸» = lim « 2 e y − 1 » = 2lim e − 1 = 2 ×1 = 2
x →+∞
¬ © ¹¼ y = 2x y →0 ¬ y ¼ y →0 y
x= 2
y
e x
− e (
e e x −1 − 1 )
ĨͿ lim = −lim = −e
x →1 1 − e x −1 x →1
e x −1 − 1


xe2 x − e2 ( y + 1)e2( y +1) − e2 ( y + 1)e2 y + 2 − e2 ( y + 1)e2 y e2 − e2
ŐͿ lim = lim = lim = − lim =
x →1 1 − x y = x −1 y →0 −y y →0 −y y →0 y
x = y +1
ª( y + 1)e2 y − 1º e2 2y 2y 2y
= − lim ¬ ¼ = −2e2 lim ( y + 1)e − 1 = −2e2 lim ye + e − 1 =
y →0 y y →0 2y y →0 2y

§ 2y · § ·
( )
2y 2y 2y
= −2e2 lim ¨ e + e − 1 ¸ = −2e2 ¨ lim e + lim e − 1 ¸ = −2e2 1 + 1 = −2e2 × 3 = −3e2
y →0 © 2 2y ¹ © y → 0 2 2 y →0 2 y ¹ 2 2

x
ŚͿ lim+ e − 1 = lim+ e x − 1 = lim 1 × lim e x − 1 = lim 1 × x
lim+ e − 1 = +∞ × 1 = +∞
x →0 x x →0 x × x x →0 + x x →0 + x x →0 + x x →0 x

x −2
e −1 e y −1 e y − 1 = lim 1 × lim e y − 1 = 1 ×1 = 1
ŝͿ lim = lim = lim
x →4 x − 4 y = x −2 y →0 y 2 + 4 y + 4 − 4 y →0 ( y + 4 ) y y →0 y + 4 y →0 y 4 4
x = y +2
x= y 2 +4 y +4

x ′
§ · x
Ϯϰ͘ĂͿ f ′( x) = ¨ x3e − x + e ¸ = 3 x 2 e− x + x3 (−e− x ) + 1 e x = 3 x 2e − x − x3e− x + e
© 2¹ 2 2

§ e0,1x ·′ 0,1e
ďͿ f ′( x) = ¨ 2 ¸ =
0,1x
( )
=
2
=
( )
x 2 + 1 − e0,1x × 2 x e ¬ª0,1 x + 1 − 2 x¼º e0,1x 0,1x 2 − 2 x + 0,1
0,1x

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
© x + 1¹ 2
x +1 2
x +1 2
x +1

§ 2 2x ·′
()
2 ′ = 2 xe x + x 2 e x × −2 = 2 xe x − 2e x = 2 x − 2 e x
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ĐͿ f ′( x ) = ¨ x e ¸ = 2 xe x + x 2 x
e × ( )
© ¹ x x2

Ϯϱ͘ f ′( x ) = e x + xe x = e x (1 + x) ; f ′(1) = 2e ; f (1) = 1× e1 = e
y = 2ex + b ͕ĐŽŵŽĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂƉĞůŽƉŽŶƚŽ (1, f (1)) = (1, e) ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ e = 2e + b ⇔ b = −e ͘
>ŽŐŽ͕ Ă ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ ƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂ ĚĂ ƌĞƚĂ ƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞ ĂŽ ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ŶŽ ƉŽŶƚŽ ĚĞ ĂďĐŝƐƐĂ ϭ Ġ
y = 2ex − e ͘

Ϯϲ͘ĂͿ f ′( x) = −1× e x + (1 − x)e x = (−1 + 1 − x)e x = − xe x ; f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ x = 0
dĞŵͲƐĞ e x > 0, ∀x ∈ \ ͘
^Ğ x < 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ − x > 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′( x ) > 0 ͘^Ğ x > 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ − x < 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′( x ) < 0 ͘
ƐƐŝŵ͕ f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,0] ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [0,+∞[ ͖ f (0) = 1 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽ͘
(
f ′′( x ) = − xe x )′ = −1× e x
− xe x = ( −1 − x )e x ; f ′′( x ) = 0 ⇔ x = −1

dĞŵͲƐĞ e x > 0, ∀x ∈ \ ͘
^Ğ x < −1 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ −1 − x > 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′′( x ) > 0 ͘
^Ğ x > −1 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ −1 − x < 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′′( x ) < 0 ͘
ƐƐŝŵ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ ]−∞,−1] ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂ
ƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ [−1,+∞[ ͘ f (−1) = (1 + 1)e =

−1 2
e e ( )
͘KƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ −1, 2 ĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞ
ŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
( )′ = e
ďͿ f ′( x) = e− x
2
− x2
× (−2 x) = −2 xe− x ; f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ x = 0
2

2
dĞŵͲƐĞ e − x > 0, ∀x ∈ \ ͘
^Ğ x < 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ −2 x > 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′( x ) > 0 ͘
^Ğ x > 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ −2 x < 0 ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ f ′( x ) < 0 ͘
ƐƐŝŵ͕ f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,0] ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [0,+∞[ ͘ f (0) = 1 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽ͘
(
f ′′( x ) = −2 xe − x
2
)′ = −2 × e − x2
− 2 xe − x × ( −2 x ) = ( −2 + 4 x 2 )e − x
2 2
f ′′( x ) = 0 ⇔ −2 + 4 x 2 = 0 ⇔ x 2 = 1 ⇔ x = ± 2
2 2
−∞ +∞
ǆ − 2 2
2 2
e− x +
2
+ + + +
4x2 − 2 + Ϭ − Ϭ +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ н Ϭ − Ϭ н
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ W͘/͘ W͘/͘
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f
º º ª ª
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ »−∞,− 2 » ĞĞŵ « 2 , +∞« ĞƚĞŵĂ
¼ ´2 ¼ ¬ ´2 ¬
ª º
ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ «− 2 , 2 » ͘
¬ 2 2 ¼
2 2
§ · § ·
−¨ − 2 ¸ −¨ 2 ¸
§ · −1 § · −1
f ¨− 2 ¸ = e f¨ 2¸=
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
e = e 2 e =e 2 ͘
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
§ −1 · § −1 ·
KƐƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ¨ − 2 ,e 2 ¸ Ğ ¨ 2 ,e 2 ¸ ƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹


§ − 1 ·′
ĐͿ D f = \ \ {0} ;
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1
( ) −1
f ′( x) = ¨ xe x ¸ = e x + xe x × 12 = e x + e x × 1 = e x 1 + 1 = e x × x + 1
© ¹ x x x x
1
f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ eNx × x + 1 = 0 ⇔ x = −1 ͖ f (−1) = −e
−
positivo Nx
≠0
x −∞ −1 0 +∞
−
1
+ + + +
e x
x + 1 − 0 + +
x − − − +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ + 0 − +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ / −e 2 Ŷ͘Ě͘ /
f ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,−1] ĞĞŵ ]0,+∞[ ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [−1,0[ ͖ f (−1) = −e ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
º′
( )
ª − 1x −1
( ) −1 § · − ª
( )
º − ª º
1 1 −1
f ′′( x) = «e 1 + » = e x × 12 1 + 1 + e x ¨ − 12 ¸ = e x « 12 1 + 1 − 12 » = e x « 12 + 13 − 12 » = 13 e x
1
¬ x ¼ x x © x ¹ ¬x x x ¼ ¬x x x ¼ x

−1
f ′′( x) = 0 ⇔ 13 eNx = 0 ƋƵĂĕĆŽŝŵƉŽƐƐşǀĞů͕ůŽŐŽ f ′′ ŶĆŽƐĞĂŶƵůĂ͘
x positivo
WĂƌĂ x < 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ f ′′( x) < 0 ͘WĂƌĂ x > 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ f ′′( x) > 0 ͘
K ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ ďĂŝǆŽ Ğŵ ]−∞,0[ Ğ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ
ĐŝŵĂĞŵ ]0,+∞[ ͖ŶĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞŵƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽŶŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘

ϯ͘&ƵŶĕƁĞƐůŽŐĂƌşƚŵŝĐĂƐ

{ }
Ϯϳ͘ĂͿ D f = {x ∈ \ :1 − 3x > 0} = x ∈ \ : x < 1 = º −∞, 1 ª
3 »¼ 3 ¬«

{ } {
ďͿ D f = x ∈ \ : 25 − x 2 > 0 = x ∈ \ : − x 2 + 25 > 0 2= ]−5,5[ } x = 25
x =±5

° ½°
ĐͿ D f = ®x ∈ \ : ( x + 1) 2 > 0 ∧ 1 >
0 ¾ = {x ∈ \ : x + 1 ≠ 0} = {x ∈ \ : x ≠ −1} = \ \ {−1}
x 2+
¯° °
condição universal¿

ĚͿ D f = {x ∈ \ : 1 − x − 3 > 0} = {x ∈ \ : 1 − x > 3} = {x ∈ \ :1 − x < −3 ∨ 1 − x > 3} =
= {x ∈ \ : x > 4 ∨ x < −2} = ]−∞, −2[ ∪ ]4, +∞[

ĞͿ D f = {x ∈ \ : 3 − x > 0 ∧ 1 − x > 0} = {x ∈ \ : x < 3 ∧ x < 1} = {x ∈ \ : x < 1} = ]−∞,1[

{ }
ĨͿ D f = x ∈ \ : 3 − x > 0 =]−∞,1[ ∪ ]3,+∞[
1− x ↓
x −∞ 1 3 +∞
3− x + + + Ϭ −
1− x + Ϭ − − −
3− x
+ Ŷ͘Ě͘ − Ϭ +
1− x

x −1 x −1
Ϯϴ͘ f ( x) = 2 − 3 ; D f = D′f −1 = \ ; y = 2 − 3 ⇔ 4 y = 2 − 3x −1 ⇔ 3x −1 = −4 y + 2 ⇔
4 4
⇔ x − 1 = log 3 (2 − 4 y ) ⇔ x = log 3 (2 − 4 y ) + 1 ⇔
⇔ f −1 ( y ) = log 3 (2 − 4 y ) + 1 ⇔ f −1 ( x ) = log 3 (2 − 4 x) + 1
{
D f −1 = D′f = {x ∈ \ : 2 − 4 x > 0} = x ∈ \ : x < 1 = º −∞, 1 ª
2 ¼» } 2 ¬«
>ŽŐŽ͕ D f −1 = º−∞, 1 ª ͕ D′f −1 = \ Ğ f −1 ( x ) = 1 + log 3 (2 − 4 x )
»¼ 2 «¬
g ( x) = 1 − 3ln( x − 2) ; Dg = Dg′ −1 = {x ∈ \ : x − 2 > 0} = {x ∈ \ : x > 2} = ]2,+∞[
1− y 1− y
1− y
y = 1 − 3ln( x − 2) ⇔ ln( x − 2) = ⇔x−2 = e 3 ⇔x =e 3 +2⇔
3
1− y 1− x
⇔ g −1 ( y) = e 3 + 2 ⇔⇔ g −1 ( x) = e 3 +2
Dg′ = Dg −1 = \
1− x
>ŽŐŽ͕ Dg −1 = \ ͕ Dg′ −1 = ]2, +∞[ Ğ g −1 ( x) = e 3 + 2 ͘

Ϯϵ͘ 0 < a − 2 < 1 ⇔ 2 < a < 3 ⇔ a ∈ ]2,3[


ϯϬ͘^ĞũĂ h ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂĞŵ \ + ƉŽƌ h( x ) = ln( x) ͘^ĞũĂ f ƵŵĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ĚĞĚŽŵşŶŝŽ \ Ğ
ĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŽŵşŶŝŽ ]0,1[ ͘
g = h D f ͖ Dg = DhD f = {x ∈ \ : x ∈ D f ∧ f ( x) ∈ Dh} = x ∈ \ : f ( x) ∈ \ + = \ { }
0 < f ( x) < 1 ln( f ( x)) ∈ ]−∞,0[ ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ Dg = \ Ğ Dg′ = ]−∞,0[ ͘

ϯϭ͘ĂͿ limlog 2 ( x) = −∞
x→0

ďͿ lim log 1 ( x) = −∞
x →+∞ e

log 0,1 ( x − 1)2 +∞
ĐͿ lim = = +∞
x →1 x 1

2 − log( x 2 ) 2 − 2log( x ) −2 y + 2
ĚͿ lim = lim = lim = −2
x →+∞ 3log( x) + 1 x →+∞ 3log( x) + 1 y = log x y →+∞ 3 y + 1 3

ϯϮ͘ĂͿ log 3 (37 ) ďͿ 2log 2 (7) ĐͿ ln(e7 ) ĚͿ 10log(7)

ϯϯ͘ĂͿ 32+log3 (2) = 32 × 3log3 (2) = 9 × 2 = 18

2
ďͿ e2ln(5) = eln(5 ) = 52 = 25

( ) § ·
( )
ĐͿ log5 1 = log5 ¨ 12 ¸ = log5 5−2 = −2log5 (5) = −2
25 ©5 ¹

ĚͿ log 24 × 4−2 = log §¨ 24 × 22 ·¸ = log 24 × 2−4 = log 20 = log(1) = 0
−2
( )
© ¹
( ) ( ) ( )

ϯϰ͘ĂͿ log3 (9 × 3− x ) = log3 (32 × 3− x ) = log3 (32− x ) = ( 2 − x)log3 (3) = ( 2 − x) ×1 = 2 − x

§ x · § x· § x− 2 ·
¸¸ = ln 2 ¸ = ln ¨ e 3 ¸ = x −
¨
ďͿ ln ¨ e e 2
¨3 2 ¨ 3¸ 3
© e ¹ ©e ¹ © ¹

1−log3 ( x 2 +1) 32 32
ĐͿ 91−log3 ( x 2 +1)
= 32( ) = 32−2log3 ( x 2 +1)
=
x +1)
2
=
( )
2 = 2
9
x +1
32log3 ( x +1
2
log3
3

2 ()
ϯϱ͘ĂͿ log3 (6) − log3 (2) = log3 6 = log 3 3 = 1


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
ďͿ log 4 (32) + 1 log 4 (8) = log 4 25 + log 4 ( 3 8) = log 4 25 + log 4 (2) = log 4 26 = log 4 43 = 3
3

ϯϲ͘ĂͿ log(4) + 2 = log(4) + log(102 ) = log(4) + log(100) = log(400)

ďͿ 2log3 (4) − 1 = log3 (42 ) − log3 (3) = log3 16
3 ( )

ln(9) ln(4) 1
ĐͿ + log e2 (4) = 1 ln(9) + = ln(9) + 1 ln(4) = 1 (ln(9) + ln(4)) = 1 ln(36) = ln( 36) = ln ( 6)
2 2 ln e 2
( ) 2 2 2 2

ϯϳ͘ĂͿ log a (uv) = log a (u ) + log a (v) = 5 + 3 = 8

4
ďͿ loga (u ) = 4loga (u) = 4 × 5 = 20

ĐͿ log a()1 = −log v = −3
v a( )

log a (u ) 5
ĚͿ log v (u ) = =
log a (v) 3

log a (v) 3
ĞͿ log a (v) = = = 3 =6
log a ( a ) § 2· 1
1
log a ¨ a ¸ 2
© ¹

§3 · § 1·
© au ¹
( )
ĨͿ log a ¨ v ¸ = log a 3 v − log a ( au ) = log a ¨ v 3 ¸ − (log a ( a ) + log a (u )) =
© ¹
= 1 log a (v ) − log a ( a ) − log a (u ) = 3 − 1 − 5 = −5
3 3

ϯϴ͘ĂͿ ln(12) = ln(2 × 6) = ln( 2) + ln(6) = a + b

ďͿ ln(36) = ln(62 ) = 2ln ( 6) = 2b

ĐͿ ln(3) = ln ( 62 ) = ln(6) − ln(2) = b − a

ĚͿ ln(24) = ln(22 × 6) = ln(22 ) + ln(6) = 2ln(2) + ln(6) = 2a + b


ϯϵ͘ (−2,4) ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞƌĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f −1 ƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞ f −1 ( −2) = 4 ⇔ f (4) = −2 ͘
f (1) = −1 c + log k (1) = −1 c + 0 = −1 c = −1 c = −1
® ⇔® ⇔® ⇔® ⇔® ⇔
¯ f (4) = −2 ¯c + log k (4) = −2 ¯c + log k (4) = −2 ¯−1 + log k (4) = −2 ¯log k (4) = −1
° c = −1 c = −1 c = −1
° °
⇔ ® −1 ⇔ ®1 ⇔ ® 1
°̄k = 4 °¯ k = 4 °̄ k =
4

x →+∞ x (
ϰϬ͘ĂͿ lim [log 4 (2 x + 1) − log 4 ( x)] = lim ªlog 4 2 x + 1
x →+∞ «
¬ )º»¼ = log ª«¬ lim ( 2xx+ 1)º»¼ = log ª«¬ lim ( 2xx )º»¼ =
4
x →+∞
4
x →+∞
§ · 1
= log 4 ( 2) = log 4 ¨ 4 2 ¸ = 1
© ¹ 2

ª § x − 2 ·º ª § x−2 ·º
ďͿ lim+ ¬ªlog 2 ( x − 2) − log 2 ( x 2 − 4)¼º = lim+ «log 2 ¨ 2 ¸ = log 2 « lim+ ¨ ¸ =
x →2 x →2 ¬ »
© x − 4 ¹¼ ¬ x →2 © ( x − 2)( x + 2) ¹»¼
( )
¬« x →2 x + 2 »¼ 4 ()
= log 2 ª lim+ 1 º = log 2 1 = log 2 2−2 = −2 ( )

ln( x) −∞
ĐͿ lim = = −∞
x →0 x + 1 1

ª § x ·º ª § x ·º
ĚͿ lim ¬ªln(e x + 2) − x¼º = lim ¬ªln(e x + 2) − ln(e x )¼º = lim «ln ¨ e +x 2 ¸» = ln « lim ¨ e +x 2 ¸» =
x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞
¬ © e ¹¼ ¬ x→+∞© e ¹¼
ª § y + 2 ·º ª § y ·º
= x ln « lim ¨ ¸» = ln « lim ¨ ¸» = ln (1) = 0
y =e ¬ y →+∞© y ¹¼ ¬ y →+∞ © y ¹¼

ª º
ĞͿ lim+ «log 1 (log 2 ( x))» = log 1 ª lim+ (log 2 ( x))º = log 1 ªlog 2 ( lim+ ( x))º =
x →1 ¬ 2 ¼ «
2 ¬ x →1
»¼ 2¬
« x →1 »¼
2 2
( )
= log 1 ª¬log 2 (1+ )º¼ = log 1 0+ = +∞

log(2 x + 1) log(2 x + 1) − log( x) + log( x) § log(2 x + 1) − log( x) ·
ĨͿ lim = lim = lim ¨ + 1¸ =
x →+∞ log( x ) x →+∞ log( x) x →+∞ © log( x) ¹
= lim ¨
¨ (
§ log 2 x + 1
x ) · lim ªlog 2 + 1 º
¸ x→+∞ «¬
+ 1¸ =
x ¼» ( )
+1 =
log ª lim 2 + 1 º
¬« x→+∞ x ¼»
+1 =
( )
log( 2)
+ 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
x →+∞
¨
log( x)
¸ lim [log( x)] log( +∞) +∞
x →+∞
© ¹

ϰϭ͘ĂͿ 3x = 8 ⇔ x = log3 (8)
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = {log 3 (8)}


ďͿln( x) = −1 ⇔ x = e−1
{ }
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = e −1

1
1 ⇔ x = 83 ⇔ x = 3 8 ⇔ x = 2
ĐͿ log8 ( x) =
3

ĚͿ log( x 2 − 2) = log(1 − 2 x ) ⇔ x 2 − 2 = 1 − 2 x ∧ x 2 − 2 > 0 ∧ 1 − 2 x > 0 ⇔
⇔ x2 + 2 x − 3 = 0 ∧ x2 − 2 > 0 ∧ x < 1
2
−2 ± 4 − 4 × ( −3)
x2 + 2 x − 3 = 0 ⇔ x = ⇔ x = −2 ± 4 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ x = −3
2 2
1
ϭŶĆŽĠŵĞŶŽƌƋƵĞ ͖ůŽŐŽ͕ŶĆŽĠƐŽůƵĕĆŽ͘sĞũĂŵŽƐƐĞ −3 ǀĞƌŝĨŝĐĂĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ x 2 − 2 > 0 ͘
2
(−3) − 2 > 0 ⇔ 7 > 0 ͕ŽƋƵĞĠǀĞƌĚĂĚĞ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ĂƷŶŝĐĂƐŽůƵĕĆŽĠŽ −3 ͘
2
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = {−3}

ĞͿ log 2 ( x + 1) + log 2 ( x − 1) = log 2 (3) ⇔ log 2 [( x + 1)( x − 1)] = log 2 (3) ∧ x + 1 > 0 ∧ x − 1 > 0 ⇔
⇔ x 2 − 1 = 3 ∧ x + 1 > 0 ∧ x − 1 > 0 ⇔ x 2 − 1 = 3 ∧ x > −1 ∧ x > 1 ⇔ x2 = 4 ∧ x > 1 ⇔ x = 2

ĨͿ log 6 ( x ) + log 6 ( x − 5) = 2 ⇔ log 6 ( x 2 − 5 x ) = log 6 (6 2 ) ∧ x > 0 ∧ x − 5 > 0 ⇔
5 ± 25 − 4 × (−36)
⇔ x 2 − 5 x = 36 ∧ x > 0 ∧ x − 5 > 0 ⇔ x 2 − 5 x − 36 = 0 ∧ x > 5 ⇔ x = ∧ x > 5 ⇔
2
⇔ x = 5 ± 13 ∧ x > 5 ⇔ ( x = 9 ∨ x = −4) ∧ x > 5 ⇔ x = 9
2

ŐͿ log(2 x − 1) = 2log(3x) − log(5 x + 2) ⇔
( )
⇔ log(2 x −1) = log (3x) − log(5x + 2) ∧ 2 x − 1 > 0 ∧ 3x > 0 ∧ 5x + 2 > 0 ⇔
2
§ 2
·
⇔ log(2 x − 1) = log¨ 9 x ¸ ∧ 2 x − 1 > 0 ∧ 3x > 0 ∧ 5x + 2 > 0 ⇔
© 5x + 2 ¹
2
⇔ 2 x − 1 = 9 x ∧ 2 x − 1 > 0 ∧ 3x > 0 ∧ 5 x + 2 > 0 ⇔
5x + 2
⇔ ( 2 x − 1)(5 x + 2) = 9 x 2 ∧ x > 1 ∧ x > 0 ∧ x > − 2 ⇔ 10 x 2 + 4 x − 5 x − 2 = 9 x 2 ∧ x > 1 ⇔
2 5 2
1 ± 1 − 4 × (−2)
⇔ x2 − x − 2 = 0 ∧ x > 1 ⇔ x = ∧ x > 1 ⇔
2 2 2
⇔ x = 1 ± 3 ∧ x > 1 ⇔ ( x = 2 ∨ x = −1) ∧ x > 1 ⇔ x = 2
2 2 2


log 3 ( x − 8)
ŚͿ log 3 ( x) + log 9 ( x − 8) = 2 ⇔ log 3 ( x) + =2⇔
log 3 (9)
1 § 1
·
⇔ log3 ( x) + log3 ( x − 8) = 2 ⇔ log3 ( x) + log3 ¨ ( x − 8) 2 ¸ = 2 ⇔
2 © ¹
⇔ log 3 ( x ) + log 3 ( ) ( ) ( )
x − 8 = log 3 32 ⇔ log 3 x x − 8 = log 3 (9) ⇔
⇔ x x − 8 = 9 ∧ x > 0 ∧ x − 8 > 0 ⇔ x2 ( x − 8) = 81 ∧ x > 8 ⇔ x3 − 8x2 − 81 = 0 ∧ x > 8 ⇔
ϭ −8 Ϭ −81
ϵ ϵ ϵ ϴϭ
ϭ ϭ ϵ Ϭ
2 2
⇔ ( x − 9)( x + x + 9) = 0 ∧ x > 8 ⇔ x − 9 = 0 ∨ x + x + 9 = 0 ∧ x > 8 ⇔
⇔ x = 9 ∨ x = −1 ± 1 − 4 × 9 ∧ x > 8 ⇔ x = 9
2

impossível em \

( )
ŝͿ log 6 ( x + 4) − log 6 ( x − 1) = 1 ⇔ log 6 x + 4 = log 6 ( 6) ∧ x + 4 > 0 ∧ x − 1 > 0 ⇔
x −1
⇔ x + 4 = 6 ∧ x + 4 > 0 ∧ x − 1 > 0 ⇔ x + 4 = 6 x − 6 ∧ x > −4 ∧ x > 1 ⇔ x = 2 ∧ x > 1 ⇔ x = 2
x −1

ũͿ 2ln( x) = ln(5) + ln( x + 1,2) ⇔ ln( x 2 ) = ln(5 x + 6) ∧ x > 0 ∧ x + 1,2 > 0 ⇔
⇔ x2 = 5x + 6 ∧ x > 0 ∧ x + 1,2 > 0 ⇔
5 ± 25 − 4 × (−6)
⇔ x2 − 5x − 6 = 0 ∧ x > 0 ∧ x > −1,2 ⇔ x = ∧ x > 0 ⇔ x = 5±7 ∧ x > 0 ⇔
2 2
⇔ ( x = −1 ∨ x = 6) ∧ x > 0 ⇔ x = 6

( ) = 5 ⇔ x = log (5)
x x
( )
x
ŬͿ 32 x = 5 x+1 ⇔ 32 = 5 × 5x ⇔ 9 x = 5 ⇔ 9 9
5 5 5
½
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = ®log 9 (5)¾
¯ 5 ¿

x2 x 3
ůͿ x 2 x = x3 ⇔ 3 = 1 ⇔ x2 x−3 = 1 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ 2 x − 3 = 0 ⇔ x = 1 ∨ x =
x 2
ŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽ = 1, 3
2 { }

ϰϮ͘ĂͿ log 2 (2 x − 3) ≤ log 2 ( x) ⇔ 2 x − 3 ≤ x ∧ 2 x − 3 > 0 ∧ x > 0 ⇔ x ≤ 3 ∧ x > 3 ∧ x > 0 ⇔
2
⇔ x ≤ 3 ∧ x > 3 ⇔ x ∈ º 3 ,3º
2 »¼ 2 »¼


ďͿ log 1 ( x − 1) ≤ log 1 (4 − x) ⇔ x − 1 ≥ 4 − x ∧ x − 1 > 0 ∧ 4 − x > 0 ⇔
3 3
⇔ x ≥ 5 ∧ x > 1 ∧ x < 4 ⇔ x ∈ ª 5 ,4ª

2 «¬ 2 «¬

( ) 2 ( )
ĐͿ 2log 4 ( x 2 − 1) − 1 ≤ 0 ⇔ log 4 x 2 − 1 ≤ 1 ⇔ log 4 x 2 − 1 ≤ log 4 ( 2) ⇔
⇔ x − 1 ≤ 2 ∧ x − 1 > 0 ⇔ x − 3 ≤ 0 ∧ x2 − 1 > 0 ⇔
2 2 2
x 2 − 3 = 0 ⇔ x = ± 3 ; x 2 − 3 ≤ 0 ⇔ x ∈ ª¬− 3, 3 º¼

x 2 − 1 = 0 ⇔ x = ±1 ; x 2 − 1 > 0 ⇔ x ∈ ]−∞,−1[ ∪ ]1,+∞[
⇔ x ∈ ª¬ − 3, −1ª¬ ∪ º¼1, 3 º¼

ĚͿ log(7 x − 12) − 2log( x) ≤ 0 ⇔ log(7 x − 12) ≤ log( x2 ) ∧ 7 x − 12 > 0 ∧ x > 0 ⇔
⇔ 7 x − 12 ≤ x 2 ∧ 7 x − 12 > 0 ∧ x > 0 ⇔ x 2 − 7 x + 12 ≥ 0 ∧ x > 12 ∧ x > 0 ⇔
7
⇔ x − 7 x + 12 ≥ 0 ∧ x > ⇔
2 12
7
x2 − 7 x + 12 = 0 ⇔ x = 7 ± 49 − 4 ×12 ⇔ x = 7 ± 1 ⇔ x = 4 ∨ x = 3
2 2
x2 − 7 x + 12 ≥ 0 ⇔ x ∈ ]−∞,3] ∪ [4,+∞[
⇔ x ∈ º12 ,3º ∪ [4,+∞[

¼» 7 ¼»

ĞͿ 1 − ln( x) = 0 ⇔ ln( x) = 1 ⇔ x = e ; 1 − ln( x) > 0 ⇔ ln( x) < 1 ⇔ x < e ∧ x > 0 ⇔ 0 < x < e
e x −1 = 0 ⇔ e x = 1 ⇔ x = 0 ; e x − 1 > 0 ⇔ e x > 1 ⇔ x > 0
x Ϭ e +∞
1 − ln( x) + Ϭ −
ex −1 + + +
1 − ln( x) + Ϭ −
x

e −1
1 − ln( x)
≥ 0 ⇔ x ∈ ]0,e]
ex −1

ĨͿ log 1 ( x − 2) 2 > log 1 ( x2 + 3) ⇔ ( x − 2)2 < x 2 + 3 ∧ ( x − 2) 2 > 0 ∧ x 2+
3 >
0 ⇔
2 2 condição universal em \
⇔ x 2 − 4 x + 4 < x 2 + 3 ∧ x ≠ 2 ⇔ x > 1 ∧ x ≠ 2 ⇔ x ∈ º 1 ,2ª * ]2,+∞[

4 »¼ 4 «¬

log 2 (5 − x)
ŐͿ log 2 (2 − x) − 1 ≤ log 4 (5 − x) ⇔ log 2 (2 − x) − log 2 (2) ≤ ⇔
log 2 (4)
( )
⇔ log 2 2 − x ≤ 1 log 2 (5 − x) ∧ 2 − x > 0 ∧ 5 − x > 0 ⇔
2 2
( )
⇔ 2log 2 2 − x ≤ log 2 (5 − x) ∧ 2 − x > 0 ∧ 5 − x > 0 ⇔
2


( ) ≤ log (5 − x) ∧ x < 2 ∧ x < 5 ⇔
2
⇔ log 2 2 − x 2
2

2
⇔ 4 − 4 x + x ≤ 5 − x ∧ x < 2 ⇔ 4 − 4 x + x 2 ≤ 20 − 4 x ∧ x < 2 ⇔
4
⇔ x − 16 ≤ 0 ∧ x < 2 ⇔ −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 ∧ x < 2 ⇔ x ∈ [−4,2[
2

§ ·
ŚͿ x log 1 (3 + x) + 3x ≤ 0 ⇔ x¨ log 1 (3 + x) + 3¸ ≤ 0 ⇔
2 © 2 ¹
()
−3
log 1 (3 + x) + 3 = 0 ⇔ log 1 (3 + x) = −3 ⇔ log 1 (3 + x) = log 1 1 ⇔
2 2 2 2
2
()
−3
⇔ 3+ x = 1 ∧ 3 + x > 0 ⇔ 3 + x = 8 ∧ x > −3 ⇔ x = 5 ∧ x > −3 ⇔ x = 5
2
()
−3
log 1 (3 + x) + 3 > 0 ⇔ log 1 (3 + x) > −3 ⇔ log 1 (3 + x) > log 1 1 ⇔
2 2 2 2
2
()
−3
⇔ 3+ x < 1 ∧ 3 + x > 0 ⇔ 3 + x < 8 ∧ x > −3 ⇔ x < 5 ∧ x > −3 ⇔ −3 < x < 5
2

x −3 0 5 +∞
x − Ϭ + + +
log 1 (3 + x ) + 3 + + + Ϭ −
2
§ · − Ϭ + Ϭ −
x¨ log 1 (3 + x) + 3¸
© 2 ¹

⇔ x ∈ ]−3,0] ∪ [5, +∞[

′
( )
ϰϯ͘ĂͿ f ′( x) = 2 x + log 2 ( x) = 2 x ln(2) +
1
xln(2)

§ 2 x +1 ·′ 2 x +1 ′
ďͿ f ′( x) = ¨ 3
© ln(3)
1
¸ = ln(3) 3
¹
( )
= 1 32 x +1 × 2 × ln(3) = 2 × 32 x +1
ln(3)

′ log 2 ( x )
( )
ĐͿ f ′( x ) = 3log 2 ( x ) = 3log 2 ( x ) × (log 2 ( x ))′ × ln(3) = 3log 2 ( x ) × 1 × ln(3) = 3
x ln(2) x
×
ln(3)
ln(2)
=
3log 2 ( x ) log 2 (3)

=
x


ϰϰ͘ f ′( x) = ( x log3 ( x))′ = log3 ( x) + x
1 = log ( x) + 1
3
x ln(3) ln(3)
ĂͿKĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ f ′(1) = log3 (1) + 1 = 1 ͘
ln(3) ln(3)
ƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂƉĞůŽƉŽŶƚŽ (1, f (1) ) . f (1) = 1× log 3 (1) = 0 ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ 0 = 1 + b ⇔ b = − 1 ͘
ln(3) ln(3)
ln(e) ln(e)
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ y = 1 x − 1 ⇔ y = x− ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕
ln(3) ln(3) ln(3) ln(3)
y = log 3 (e) x − log 3 (e) ͘

ďͿWĂƌĂƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂƐĞũĂƉĂƌĂůĞůĂĂŽĞŝǆŽĚĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐ͕ŽƐĞƵĚĞĐůŝǀĞƚĞƌĄĚĞƐĞƌϬ͘
ln(e)
f ′( x) = 0 ⇔ log 3 ( x) + 1 = 0 ⇔ log 3 ( x) + = 0 ⇔ log 3 ( x) + log 3 (e) = 0 ⇔
ln(3) ln(3)
⇔ log3 (ex) = 0 ⇔ ex = 1 ⇔ x = 1
e
()
e e ()
f 1 = 1 log 3 1 = − 1 log 3 ( e) ĠĂŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂŶĂŽƌŝŐĞŵ͘
e e
ln(e)
log (e) ln(3)
>ŽŐŽ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂĠ y = − 3 ⇔ y=− ⇔ y = − 1 ͘
e e eln(3)

′
( ′
) ( ( ))
ϰϱ͘ĂͿ f ′( x) = ln ª¬ x( x + 2)4 º¼ = ln( x) + ln ( x + 2) 4 = ( ln( x) + 4ln ( x + 2))′ =
= 1 + 4× 1 = 1 + 4
x x+2 x x+2

( ( ′
)) ( ′
ďͿ f ′( x ) = ln 5 5 x − 2 = 1 ln(5 x − 2) = 1 × 5 = 1
5 )
5 5x − 2 5x − 2

′
( )
ϰϲ͘ĂͿ D f = \ + ; f ′( x ) = x 2 ln( x ) = 2 x ln( x ) + x 2 × 1 = 2 x ln( x ) + x = x (2ln( x ) + 1)
x
−1
f ′( x ) = 0 ⇔ x (2ln( x ) + 1) = 0 ⇔ 2ln( x ) + 1 = 0 ⇔ ln( x ) = − 1 ⇔ x = e 2 ⇔
2
⇔x= 1 ⇔x= e
e e
( )
2
§ · § · § · § 1 −1 ·
f ¨ e ¸ = ¨ e ¸ ln ¨ e ¸ = e2 ln ¨ e 2 ¸ = 1 − 1 = − 1
© e ¹ © e ¹ © e ¹ e © ¹ e 2 2e

x 0 e +∞
e
x + + +
2ln( x) + 1 − 0 +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ − 0 +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ f 2 −1 /
2e


º eº ª e ª § e· 1
f ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ »0, » ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ « ,+∞« ͖ f ¨ ¸ = − ĠŵşŶŝŵŽ͘
¼ e ¼ ¬ e ¬ © e ¹ 2e
f ′′( x) = 0 ⇔ ( x(2ln( x) + 1))′ = 0 ⇔ 2ln( x) + 1 + x × 2 = 0 ⇔ 2ln( x) + 3 = 0 ⇔

x
− 3
⇔ ln( x ) = − 3 ⇔ x = e 2 ⇔ x = 1 ⇔ x = 2e
2 e e e
( )
2
§ · § · § · § 1 −2 ·
f ¨ 2e ¸ = ¨ 2e ¸ ln ¨ 2e ¸ = e4 ln ¨ e 2 ¸ = 13 − 3 = − 33
©e ¹ ©e ¹ ©e ¹ e © ¹ e 2 2e

e +∞
ǆ
Ϭ e2
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ − Ϭ +
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ − 33
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f 2e

º eº
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ »0, 2 » ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂ
¼ e ¼
ª e ª § e 3 ·
ƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ « 2 ,+∞« ͖ŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ¨ 2 ,− 3 ¸ ĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
¬e ¬ ©e 2e ¹

1
§ ·′ ln( x ) − x ×
ďͿ D f = {x ∈ \ : x > 0 ∧ ln( x ) ≠ 0} = \ \ {1} +
; f ′( x ) = ¨ x = x = ln( x ) − 1
¸
© ln( x ) ¹ (ln( x )) 2
(ln( x ))2
ln( x) − 1 e =e
f ′( x ) = 0 ⇔ = 0 ⇔ ln( x ) − 1 = 0 ⇔ ln( x) = 1 ⇔ x = e ͖ f (e) =
(ln( x)) 2 ln(e)
x 0 1 e +∞
ln( x) − 1 − − − Ϭ +
( ln( x) )
2
+ 0 + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′ − Ŷ͘Ě͘ − Ϭ +
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ 2 e
2 Ŷ͘Ě͘ /

f ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]0,1[ ĞĞŵ ]1,e] ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [e, +∞[ ͖ f (e) = e ĠŵşŶŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘

§ ln( x ) − 1 ·′
1 ln( x ) 2 − ln( x ) − 1 × 2ln( x ) × 1
x
( ) ( ) x =0⇔
f ′′( x ) = 0 ⇔ ¨ ¸ = 0 ⇔
¨ ( ln( x ))2 ¸ (ln( x )) 4
© ¹
1 ln( x ) ªln( x) − 2ln( x) − 2 º
¬ ( )¼ ln( x ) − 2ln( x) + 2 − ln( x) + 2
⇔ x =0⇔ =0⇔ =0⇔
(ln( x)) 4
x (ln( x ))
3
x( ln( x ))
3
⇔− ln( x ) + 2 = 0 ⇔ ln( x) = 2 ⇔ x = e 2 ͖ f (e2 ) =

e2 = e2
ln(e2 ) 2


ǆ Ϭ 1 e2 +∞
−ln( x) + 2 + + + Ϭ −
x + + + + +
(ln( x))3 − Ϭ + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′′ − Ŷ͘Ě͘ + Ϭ −
ŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƐ 2
e
ĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ Ŷ͘Ě͘ 2

ĚĞ f

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ ]0,1[ ĞĞŵ ª¬e 2 , +∞ ª¬ ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
§ e2 ·
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ º¼1,e 2 º¼ ͖ŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ¨ e2 , ¸ ĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
© 2¹

§ ex 2 ·
e2x
¨ ( ) ¸ § 1 § e x ·2 · 1
ϰϳ͘ĂͿ lim 2 = lim ¨ 2 ¸ = lim ¨ ¨ ¸ ¸ = × (+∞)2 = +∞
x →+∞ 3 x
¨
x →+∞ 3 x
¸ x→+∞¨© 3 © x ¹ ¸¹ 3
© ¹

ln( x) ln( x)
ln( x) lim
ďͿ lim = lim x = x →+∞ x
= 0 = 0
x →+∞ x + e x →+∞ x +
x
e
( )
lim 1 + e
x →+∞ x
1

§ 1·
¨ ex ¸
1
e y = +∞
ĐͿ lim+ ( xe ) = lim+ ¨ ¸ = lim
x
x →0 x →0 1
¨ ¸ x y = 1 y →+∞ y
© x ¹

e 2 x §¨1 + 2x ·¸ lim ¨§1 + 2x ·¸
2x
ĚͿ lim e 2+x 2e = lim
x
© e ¹ = x→+∞ © e ¹ = 1+ 0 =
x →+∞ 2e + x x→+∞ e 2 x § 2 + x · lim § 2 + x · lim § 2 + 1 × 2 x ·
¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ 2 e2 x ¹¸
© e 2 x ¹ x→+∞ © e2 x ¹ x→+∞ ©

= 1 = 1 = 1 =1
§ · 2+ 1× 1 2 + 1 ×0 2
¨ ¸ 2 2x 2
lim ¨ 2 + 1 × 12 x ¸ lim e
x →+∞ 2 e 2 x →+∞ 2 x
¨ ¸
© 2x ¹


ª § ·º ª § ·º
ĞͿ lim [ln( x) − x] = lim ª¬ln( x) − ln(e x )º¼ = lim «ln ¨ xx ¸» = ln « lim ¨ xx ¸» =
x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ ¬ © e ¹¼ ¬ x →+∞ © e ¹¼
ª º
« »
= ln « 1 » = ln(0+ ) = −∞
« § e ·»
x
« xlim ¨ x ¸»
¬ →+∞ © ¹¼

ln( x)
log3 ( x) ln(3) ln(5)
ĨͿ lim = lim = = log3 (5)
x→+∞ log5 ( x) x→+∞ ln( x) ln(3)
ln(5)

ϰ͘ZĞƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƐĞŵŽĚĞůŽƐĞǆƉŽŶĞŶĐŝĂŝƐ

ϰϴ͘
ln ª¬(1 + h)2 º¼ ln(12 )
ln ¬ª(1 + h) 2 ¼º 0
0
g (1 + h) − g (1) −
ĂͿ g ′(1) = lim = lim 1+ h 1 = lim =
h →0 h h →0 h h→0 h(1 + h)
2ln(1 + h) y 2
= lim = 2lim y = = 2 =2
y
⇔ h = e −1
( )
h→0 h(1 + h) ln(1+ h )= y y →0 e − 1 e y y
lim e − 1 × lim e y
1× 1
y →0 y y →0

ďͿ Dg = \ \ {0} ͖ĐŽŵŽ g ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵƚŽĚŽŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ĂƉĞŶĂƐĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 0 ƉŽĚĞƌĄ
ln( x 2 ) −∞
ƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g ͘ lim+ g ( x) = lim+
= + = −∞ ͘hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞƚĂůĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞ͕
x →0 x →0 x 0
ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐŝŵĞĚŝĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĂĨŝƌŵĂƌƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 0 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g ͘
g ( x) ln( x 2 ) ln( y)
m = lim = lim 2
= 2 lim =0
x →+∞ x x→+∞ x y = x y →+∞ y

2
ln( x ) ln( x)
b = lim g ( x) = lim = 2 lim = 2× 0 = 0
x →+∞ x →+∞ x x →+∞ x
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 0 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘

g ( x) ln( x 2 ) ln( y )
m = lim = lim 2
= 2 lim =0
x→−∞ x x→−∞ x y = x y →+∞ y

ln ( − y ) ln ( y ) ln ( y )
2 2
ln( x 2 )
b = lim g ( x) = lim = lim = − lim = −2 lim = −2 × 0 = 0
x→−∞ x →−∞ x y =− x y→+∞ − y y →+∞ y y →+∞ y
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 0 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ −∞ ͘
ƐĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g ƐĆŽĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ x = 0 Ğ y = 0 ͘


2 x × x − ln( x 2 )
§ ln( x 2 ) ·′ x 2 2 − ln( x 2 )
ĐͿ g ′( x) = ¨ ¸ = =
© x ¹ x2 x2
2 − ln( x 2 )
g ′( x) = 0 ⇔ 2
= 0 ⇔ 2 − ln( x 2 ) = 0 ⇔ ln( x 2 ) = 2 ⇔ x 2 = e2 ⇔ x = ±e
x
ln(( −e) ) ln(e2 ) 2
2
ln(e2 ) 2
g (e) = = ; g (−e) = = = = −2
e e −e −e −e e

x −∞ −e 0 e +∞
2 − ln( x ) 2
− Ϭ + Ŷ͘Ě͘ + Ϭ −
x2 + + + 0 + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ g ′ − Ϭ + Ŷ͘Ě͘ + Ϭ −
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂĞ
2 −2 / Ŷ͘Ě͘ /
2
2
ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐĚĞ g e e

g ĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞, −e] ĞĞŵ [e,+∞[ ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [−e,0[ ĞĞŵ ]0,e] ͖ g (−e) = − 2 ĠŵşŶŝŵŽ
e
2
ƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽĞ g (e) = ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘
e
§ 2 − ln( x 2 ) ·′ x
( )
− 2 x2 × x 2 − 2 − ln( x 2 ) × 2 x −2 x − 2 − ln( x 2 ) × 2 x
( )
g ′′( x) = ¨ 2 ¸ = = =
© x ¹ x4 x4
=
(
−2 x 1 + 2 − ln( x 2 ) ) = −2(3 − ln( x )) = −6 + 2ln( x )
2 2
x4 x3 x3
−6 + 2ln( x 2 )
g ′′( x) = 0 ⇔ 3
= 0 ⇔ −6 + 2ln( x 2 ) = 0 ⇔ ln( x 2 ) = 3 ⇔ x 2 = e3 ⇔ x = ± e3 ⇔ x = ±e e
x
ln((−e e )2 ) ln(e3 ) ln((e e )2 ) ln(e3 )
g ( −e e ) = = = − 3 = − 3 2e ͖ g (e e ) = = = 3 = 3 2e
−e e −e e e e e e e e e e e e

x −∞ −e e 0 e e +∞
−6 + 2 ln( x ) 2
+ Ϭ − Ŷ͘Ě͘ − Ϭ +
x 3
− − − 0 + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ g ′′ − Ϭ + Ŷ͘Ě͘ − Ϭ +
ƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ − 3 2e Ŷ͘Ě͘
3 e
e e2
ĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ º¼−∞, −e e º¼ ĞĞŵ º¼0,e e º¼ ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
§ ·
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ ĐŝŵĂ Ğŵ ª¬−e e ,0ª¬ Ğ Ğŵ ª¬e e , +∞ª¬ ͖ ŽƐ ƉŽŶƚŽƐ ĚĞ ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ¨ −e e , − 3 2e ¸ Ğ
© e ¹
§ 3 e·
¨ e e , 2 ¸ ƐĆŽƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
© e ¹


ϰϵ͘
ĂͿ D f = \ ͖ĐŽŵŽ f ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵƚŽĚŽŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
f ( x) ln(e x + 2) ln(e x + 2) − x + x ª ln(e x + 2) − ln(e x ) º
m = lim = lim = lim = lim « + 1» =
x →+∞ x x x x
x→+∞ x→+∞ x →+∞
¬ ¼
ª ex + 2 º ª § 2· º
« ln » « ln ¨1 + x¸ »
= lim « e + 1 = lim « © e ¹ + 1» = 0 + 1 = 1
x
»
x→+∞
« x » x→+∞ « x » +∞
«¬ »¼ «¬ »¼
§ x
· § § ··
x →+∞ x →+∞
( )
b = lim ( f ( x) − x) = lim ln(e x + 2) − ln(e x ) = lim ¨ ln e +x 2 ¸ = lim ¨ ln ¨1 + 2x ¸ ¸ =
x →+∞© e ¹ x→+∞© © e ¹ ¹

§ § 2 ··
= ln ¨ lim ¨1 + x ¸ ¸ = ln(1) = 0
© x→+∞ © e ¹ ¹
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = x ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘
f ( x) ln(e x + 2) ln(2)
m = lim = lim = = 0
x →−∞ x x→−∞ x −∞
( ) (
b = lim ( f ( x)) = lim ln(e x + 2) = ln lim (e x + 2) = ln(2)
x →−∞ x→−∞ x→−∞
)
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = ln(2) ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ −∞ ͘
ƐĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ g ƐĆŽĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ y = x Ğ y = ln(2) ͘

ďͿ^ĞũĂ a ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ A ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͗
f (a ) = 2a ⇔ ln(e a + 2) = 2a ⇔ e a + 2 = e 2 a ⇔ ( ea ) − ea − 2 = 0 ⇔
2
1 ± 1 − 4 × (−2) 1± 3
⇔ ea = ⇔ ea = ⇔ ea = −1 ∨ e a = 2 ⇔ a = ln(2)
2 2
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞ A ƐĆŽ (ln(2),2ln(2)) = (ln(2),ln(22 )) = (ln(2),ln(4)) ͘

′ x
eln(2) = 2 = 1 ͖
( )
ĐϭͿ f ′( x ) = ln(e x + 2) = xe ͖ m = f ′(ln(2)) = ln(2)
e +2 e +2 2+2 2
f (ln(2)) = ln(e ln(2) + 2) = ln(2 + 2) = ln(4) = 2ln(2) ͖ 2ln(2) = 1 ln(2) + b ⇔ b = 3 ln(2)
2 2
1
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂƌĞƚĂ t Ġ y = x + ln(2) ͘3
2 2

(
ĐϮͿƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ B ƐĆŽ 0, 3 ln(2) ͘
2 )
1 3
0 = x + ln(2) ⇔ x = −3ln(2)
2 2
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ C ƐĆŽ ( −3ln(2),0) ͘
3ln(2) × 3 ln(2)
ĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽ΀K΁ƐĞƌĄ 2 = 9 (ln(2)) 2 ;Ƶ͘Ă͘Ϳ͘
2 4


ĚͿ A(ln(2),ln(4)) = (ln(2),2ln(2))
0<α < π
2ln(2)
tgα = = 2 ; α = arctg(2)
2 ln(2)
( 2 ln(2) ) + ( ln(2) )
2 2
OA = = 4 ln 2 (2) + ln 2 (2) = 5 ln 2 (2) = 5 ln(2)
ĄƌĞĂĚŽƐĞƚŽƌĐŝƌĐƵůĂƌKĠ͗
( )
2
arctg (2) × 5 ln(2) 5arctg (2) × ln 2 (2)
= ≈ 1, 33 ;Ƶ͘Ă͘Ϳ
2 2

ϱϬ͘
f ′( x) = (c log a ( x))′ =
c
x ln ( a )
ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌ b ĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞƚĂŶŐġŶĐŝĂ͘
m = f ′(b) = c
b ln ( a )
hŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂ t ƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞƐĞƌĄĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ y = c x + d ͘ŽŵŽ (0, 0) ∈ t ͕ǀĞŵ
bln ( a )
ƋƵĞ y = c x ͘
b ln ( a )
DĂƐ (b, f ((b)) ∈ t Ğ f (b) = c log a (b) ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕ (b,c log a (b)) ∈ t ͘>ŽŐŽ͗
c × b ⇔ log (b) = 1 ⇔ ln (b) = 1 ⇔ ln b = 1 ⇔ b = e
c log a (b) =
b ln ( a ) a
ln ( a ) ln ( a ) ln ( a )
( )

ϱϭ͘
§ ·½
ĂͿ D f = { x ∈ \ : x > 0 ∧ ln 2 ( x) − 1 ≥ 0} = ® x ∈ \ : x > 0 ∧ ¨ x ≤ ∨ x ≥ e ¸ ¾ = º0, 1 º * [e, +∞[
1
¯ © e ¹ ¿ »¼ e »¼
1
ln 2 ( x) − 1 = 0 ⇔ ln 2 ( x) = 1 ⇔ ln( x) = ±1 ⇔ x = e ∨ x = e −1 ⇔ x = e ∨ x =
e

2ln( x) × 1
(
ďͿ f ′( x ) = ln ( x) − 1 =
2 ′
) x = ln( x)
2 ln 2 ( x) − 1 x ln 2 ( x) − 1

= 0 ⇔ ln( x) = 0 ∧ x ∈ º0, 1 ª ∪ ]e,+∞[ ⇔ x = 1 ∧ x ∈ º0, 1 ª ∪ ]e,+∞[

ln( x)
f ′( x) = 0 ⇔
2
x ln ( x) − 1 »¼ e «¬ »¼ e «¬
ŽŵŽϭŶĆŽƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞĂ º0, 1 ª ∪ ]e, +∞[ ͕ f ′ ŶĆŽƐĞĂŶƵůĂ͘

»¼ e «¬
e ()
f 1 = ln 2 1 − 1 =
e () (ln(e )) −1
2
− 1 = 0 ; f (e) = ln 2 (e) − 1 = (ln (e))
2
−1 = 0


1 e
x 0 +∞
e
ln( x) − − + +
x + + + +
ln 2 ( x) − 1 + + + +
^ŝŶĂůĞ
− − + +
ǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ f ′
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂ
2 0 0 /
ĞĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ

ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ º0, 1 º ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [e,+∞[ ͖ϬĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽĞĠĂƚŝŶŐŝĚŽĞŵ 1 Ğ
»¼ e »¼ e
Ğŵ e ͘

ĐͿĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌ a Ğ b ĂƐĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĚŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐŶŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ƋƵĞƚġŵŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂ k ͘
f (a) = ln 2 (a) − 1 = k = ln 2 (b) − 1 = f (b)
ln 2 (a) − 1 = ln 2 (b) − 1 ⇔ ln 2 (a) − 1 = ln 2 (b) − 1 ⇔ ln 2 (a) = ln 2 (b) ⇔ ln 2 (a) − ln 2 (b) = 0 ⇔
⇔ ( ln(a) − ln(b))( ln( a) + ln(b)) = 0 ⇔ ln(a ) − ln(b) = 0 ∨ ln(a ) + ln(b) = 0 ⇔

⇔ ln(a) = ln(b) ∨ ln(ab) = 0 ⇔ a = b ∨ ab = 1 ⇔ a × b = 1

f ( x) = k ⇔ ln 2 ( x) − 1 = k ⇔ ln 2 ( x) − 1 = k 2 ⇔ ln 2 ( x) = k 2 + 1 ⇔ ln( x) = ± k 2 + 1 ⇔

± k 2 +1 k 2 +1 − k 2 +1
⇔ x=e ⇔ x=e ∨x=e

ϱϮ͘
5
( )
2
ĂͿ f ( x) = g ( x) ⇔ 2 x − 4 = 2− x +5 ⇔ 2 x − 4 = 2 x ⇔ 2 x − 4 = 32x ⇔ 2 x − 4× 2 x − 32 = 0 ⇔
2 2
4 ± 16 − 4 × (−32)
⇔ 2x = ⇔ 2 x = 4 ± 12 ⇔ 2 x = −4 ∨ 2 x = 8 ⇔ x = 3
2 2
f (3) = 2 − 4 = 4
3
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ P ƐĆŽ ( 3, 4 ) ͘

− x +5
ďͿ h( x) = 2x ͘
2 −4
{ }
ďϭͿ Dh = x ∈ \ : 2 x − 4 ≠ 0 = \ \ {2}
2 x − 4 = 0 ⇔ 2 x = 22 ⇔ x = 2

ďϮͿ Dh = \ \ {2} ͖ĐŽŵŽ h ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵƚŽĚŽŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ĂƉĞŶĂƐĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 2 ƉŽĚĞƌĄ
ƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ͘
2 − x + 5 23
lim h( x) = lim+ x = + = +∞
x → 2+ x →2 2 − 4 0
hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞƚĂůĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐŝŵĞĚŝĂƚĂŵĞŶƚĞĂĨŝƌŵĂƌƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 2 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
ǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ͘


− x +5
lim h( x) = lim 2x = 0 = 0
x→+∞ x→+∞ 2 − 4 +∞
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 0 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘

2− x +5
5
m = lim
h( x ) x
= lim 2 − 4 = lim x 2 = lim 25 =
x →−∞ x x→−∞ x x→−∞ 2 − 4 x × 2 x y =2− x
− x =log 2 ( y ) (
y →+∞ § 1
−¨ − 4 ¸ )
· ln( y ) 1
×
ln( y ) ©y ¹ ln(2) y
x =−
ln(2)
5 5
25 25 −ln(2) × 2 −ln(2) × 2
= − lim = −ln(2) × = = = +∞
y →+∞ § 1 · 1 ln( y )
¨ y − 4 ¸ ln(2) × y
§ 1 ·
lim ¨ − 4 ¸ × lim
ln( y) ( −4 ) × 0 +
0 −
© ¹ y →+∞© y ¹ y→+∞ y

KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ −∞ ͘
ƐĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ƐĆŽĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ x = 2 Ğ y = 0 ͘

§ 2− x +5 ·′ −2
ďϯͿ h′( x ) = ¨ x
− x +5
( )
ln(2) 2 x − 4 − 2− x +5 × 2 x ln(2) −2− x +5 ln(2) ª¬2 x − 4 + 2 x º¼
=
¸ = =
©2 −4¹ ( ) ( )
x 2 x 2
2 −4 2 −4
=
(
−2− x +5 ln(2) 2 x +1 − 4 )
(2 )
x 2
−4
h′( x ) = 0 ⇔
−2− x +5 ln(2) 2 x +1 − 4 ( ) =0⇔2 x +1
− 4 = 0 ⇔ 2 x +1 = 22 ⇔ x + 1 = 2 ⇔ x = 1
(2 )
x 2
−4
4
h(1) = 2 = −8
2−4

x 1 2
−∞ +∞
−2− x +5 ln(2) − − − − −
2 x+1 − 4 − Ϭ + + +
(2 )
2
x
−4 + + + Ϭ +
^ŝŶĂůĞǌĞƌŽƐĚĞ h′ + Ϭ − Ŷ͘Ě͘ −
DŽŶŽƚŽŶŝĂ Ğ ĞǆƚƌĞŵŽƐ
/ −8 2 Ŷ͘Ě͘ 2
ĚĞ h

h ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,1] ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [1,2[ ĞĞŵ ]2,+∞[ ͖ h(1) = −8 ĠŵĄǆŝŵŽƌĞůĂƚŝǀŽ͘


ϱϯ͘
ĂͿ lim+ f ( x) = lim+ e − x 2 + 3 = lim e 2− x − 1 − x 2 + 3 + 1 = lim § e2− x − 1 − x 2 − 4 · =

2− x
x→2 x→2 x−2 x → 2+ x−2 ¨

x → 2+ © x − 2 x − 2 ¹¸
= lim+ e
2− x
− 1 − lim x 2 − 4 = − lim e2− x − 1 − lim ( x − 2) ( x + 2) = − lim e y − 1 − 4 = −1 − 4 = −5
x →2 x − 2 x →2+ x − 2 x →2 + 2 − x x →2+ x−2 y = 2 − x y →0− y
f (2) = 3 + ln(2 − 1) = 3 + 0 = 3 ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ f (2) ĠĚŝĨĞƌĞŶƚĞĚĞ lim+ f ( x) ͕ĚĞŽŶĚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƋƵĞĂ
x →2
ĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ x = 2 ͘

ďͿ lim− f ( x) = f (2) = 3 Ğ lim+ f ( x) = −5 ͕ůŽŐŽĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 2 ŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂ
x→2 x →2
ĨƵŶĕĆŽ͘
ŽŵŽĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͕ƋƵĞƌƉĂƌĂ x ∈ ]1, 2[ ƋƵĞƌƉĂƌĂ x > 2 ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ͕ĂĞǆŝƐƚŝƌ
ĂůŐƵŵĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů͕ƚĂůĂƉĞŶĂƐƉŽĚĞƌĄĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞƌŶŽϭ͘
lim+ f ( x) = lim+ (3 + ln( x − 1)) = 3 + (−∞) = −∞ ͘hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞƚĂůĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞ͕ƐĂďĞŵŽƐƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞ
x→1 x→1
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 1 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͘
hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĞ f ĠůŝŵŝƚĂĚŽŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĂĞǆŝƐƚŝƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂů͕ƚĂůƐſƉŽĚĞƌĄ
ĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞƌƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘
2− x 2 § 2− x 2 · 2− x 2
= lim e 2− x + 3 = lim ¨ 2e − x2 − 3 ¸ = lim 2e − lim x2 − 3 =
f ( x)
m = lim
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x − 2x x →+∞ © x − 2 x x − 2 x ¹ x→+∞ x − 2 x x →+∞ x − 2 x
2− x 2
= lim e − lim x 2 = 0 − 1 = −1
x →+∞ 2
x 1− 2( )x
x →+∞ x +∞ ×1
§ 2− x 2 · § 2− x 2 2 · § 2− x ·
b = lim [ f ( x) + x] = lim ¨ e − x + 3 + x ¸ = lim ¨ e − x + 3 + x − 2 x ¸ = lim ¨ e + 3 − 2 x ¸ =
x →+∞ x →+∞ © x−2 ¹ x→+∞ © x−2 ¹ x→+∞ © x−2 ¹

§ e 2− x 3 − 2 x · e 2− x
3 − 2 x 0 − 2 x
= lim ¨ + = lim + lim = + lim = 0 − 2 = −2
x →+∞ © x − 2 x − 2 ¹¸ x→+∞ x − 2 x→+∞ x − 2 +∞ x →+∞ x
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = − x − 2 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘
ƐƷŶŝĐĂƐĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐƐĆŽĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ x = 1 Ğ y = − x − 2 ͘

x −1 2 ()
ĐͿ S e 1 < x ≤ 2 , f ( x) = 3 + ln( x − 1) ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ f ′( x) = (3 + ln( x − 1))′ = 1 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ f ′ 3 = 1 = 2 ͘
3 −1
2
() ( ) ()
f 3 = 3 + ln 3 − 1 = 3 + ln 1 = 3 − ln(2) ͘hŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂ t ƐĞƌĄĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ y = 2 x + b ͘
2 2 2
( )
ŽŵŽŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ 3 ,3 − ln(2) ƉĞƌƚĞŶĐĞăƌĞƚĂ t ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ͗
2
3
3 − ln(2) = 2 × + b ⇔ b = − ln(2)
2
hŵĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽĚĂƌĞƚĂ t Ġ y = 2 x − ln(2) ͘


ln(2)
0 = 2 x − ln(2) ⇔ x = ⇔ x = ln( 2) ͘ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞ P ƐĆŽ
2
( ln( )
2), 0 ͘
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞ Q ƐĆŽ ( 0, − ln(2) ) ͘
(
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞ R ƐĆŽ − ln( 2), − ln(2) ͘ )

ϱϰ͘
ĂͿ D f = \ \ {0} ͖ĐŽŵŽ f ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵƚŽĚŽŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ĂƉĞŶĂƐĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 0 ƉŽĚĞƌĄ
ƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͘
lim+ f ( x) = lim+ ( x ln(2 x) ) = lim+ ª¬ x ( ln(2) + ln( x) ) º¼ = lim+ ( x ln(2) + x ln( x) ) =
x →0 x →0 x →0 x →0
§ · § ·
¨ − ln( x) ¸ ¨ ln( x −1 ) ¸
= lim+ ( x ln(2) ) + lim+ ( x ln( x) ) = 0 − lim+ ¨ = − lim+ ¨ =
x →0 x →0 x →0 1 ¸ x →0 1 ¸
¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
© x ¹ © x ¹
§ §1··
¨ ln ¨ x ¸ ¸ § ln ( y ) ·
= − lim+ ¨ © ¹ ¸ = − lim ¨ = 0
x →0 ¨ 1 ¸ y = y →+∞ © y ¹¸
1
¨ x ¸ x
© ¹
§ x · 0 0
lim− f ( x) = lim− ¨ 1 ¸ = −∞
= = 0
x →0 x →0
© 1+ e x ¹ 1+ e 1+ 0
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐĂĨŝƌŵĂƌƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 0 ŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͘
>ŽŐŽ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
f ( x) § x ln(2 x) ·
m = lim = lim ¨ ¸ = lim ( ln(2 x) ) = +∞
x →+∞ x x →+∞
© x ¹ x→+∞
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ŶĆŽĂĚŵŝƚĞĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘
§ ·
f ( x) ¨ x ¸ § 1 · 1 1
m = lim = lim ¨ ¸ = xlim ¨ ¸ = =
x →−∞ x x →−∞
(1
¨ x 1+ e x
© ) ¸
¹
→−∞ 1
© 1+ e x ¹ 1+ e
0
2
§ e 1x − 1 ·
¨ ¸
b = lim ¨
§ 1 · § x
f ( x) − x ¸ = lim ¨
x·
− ¸ = lim
§ 1
¨ 2x − x − x e x
·
¸ 1 ¨ (
§ x 1 − e 1x
) ·
¸ 1
¨ 1 ¸
¨ x ¸
2 ¹ x →−∞ © 1 + e 1x 2 ¹ x →−∞ ¨¨ 2 1 + e 1x ¸ = 2 xlim
→−∞ ¨ ¸ = − 2 xlim 1 ¸=
x →−∞
©
© ( ) ¸
¹
¨ 1+ e
©
1
x
¸
¹
→−∞ ¨
¨
¨
1 + e x
¸
¸
¨ ¸
© ¹
§ 1 ·
¨ e x −1 ¸
lim ¨
x →−∞ 1 ¸ § e y −1 ·
¨ ¸ lim ¨ ¸
1
=− × © x ¹ 1 y → 0− © y ¹
=− ×
1 1
= − ×1 = −
x →−∞
1
(
2 lim 1 + e x y = 2 1
) x
2 4 4
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 1 x − 1 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞ

2 4
ƉĂƌĂ −∞ ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ĠĂƷŶŝĐĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ͘

2
ďͿ^Ğ x > 0 ͕ f ′( x) = ( x ln ( 2 x ) )′ = ln(2 x) + x × = ln(2 x) + 1 ͘
2x
e
f ′( x) = 2 ⇔ ln(2 x) + 1 = 2 ⇔ ln(2 x) = 1 ⇔ 2 x = e ⇔ x =
2
§ ·e e § e · e
f ¨ ¸ = ln ¨ 2 ¸ = ͘ ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ ƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂ ĚĂ ƌĞƚĂ Ġ ĚĂ ĨŽƌŵĂ y = 2 x + b Ğ ƉĂƐƐĂ ŶŽ ƉŽŶƚŽ ĚĞ
©2¹ 2 © 2¹ 2
§e e· e e e e
ĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ¨ , ¸ ͘ >ŽŐŽ͕ = 2 × + b ⇔ = e + b ⇔ b = − ͘ WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ Ă ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ ƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂ
©2 2¹ 2 2 2 2
e
ĚĞƐƐĂƌĞƚĂĠ y = 2 x − ͘
2

ĐͿ f ( x) − x = 1 ⇔ f ( x) = x + 1
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞ A ƐĆŽ ( −2, 49 ; − 1, 49 ) ͘
ƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚĞ B ƐĆŽ ( 2,16 ; 3,16 ) ͘
( −2, 49 − 2,16 ) + ( −1, 49 − 3,16 )

2 2
AB = ≈ 6, 6

ϱϱ͘
ĂͿSe x < 1 , f ( x) = xe x + 2 x − e ͘
5 5
f ( x) = x − e ⇔ xe x + 2 x − e = x − e ⇔ 2 xe x + 4 x = 5 x ⇔
2 2
⇔ 2 xe − x = 0 ⇔ x ( 2e − 1) = 0 ⇔
x x
1
⇔ x = 0 ∨ 2e x − 1 = 0 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ 2e x = 1 ⇔ x = 0 ∨ e x = ⇔
2

§1·
⇔ x = 0 ∨ x = ln ¨ ¸ ⇔ x = 0 ∨ x = − ln ( 2 )
©2¹

ďͿ lim− f ( x) = lim− ( xe x + 2 x − e ) = e + 2 − e = 2
x →1 x →1
lim+ f ( x) = lim+
x−x
= lim+
( x−x )( x + x ) = lim x − x = − lim x( x − 1) =
2
x →1 x →1 x −1 x →1
( x − 1) ( x + x ) ( x − 1) ( x + x )
x →1+
( x − 1) ( x + x )
x →1+
x 1
= − lim+ =−
x →1 x+x 2

>ŽŐŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĨŶĆŽƚĞŵůŝŵŝƚĞ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂϭ͘

f ( x) § xe x + 2 x − e · § e ·
ĐͿ m = lim = lim ¨ ¸ = lim ¨ e x + 2 − ¸ = 0+ 2−0 = 2
x →−∞ x x →−∞
© x ¹ x →−∞ © x ¹


b = lim ( f ( x) − 2 x ) = lim ( xe x + 2 x − e − 2 x ) = lim ( xe x − e ) = lim ( − ye − y − e ) =
x →−∞ x →−∞ x →−∞ y =− x y →+∞
§ ·
¨ ¸
§ y · ¨ 1 § 1 ·
= lim ¨ − y − e ¸ = − + e ¸ = −¨ + e ¸ = −e ͘
y →+∞
© e ¹ ¨ e y
¸ © +∞ ¹
¨ ylim ¸
© →+∞ y ¹
ĞƋƵĂĕĆŽƌĞĚƵǌŝĚĂĚĂŽƵƚƌĂĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŵƉŽƌĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 2 x − e ͘

ϱϲ͘
ln(e − 1 + 1)2 ln(e) 2
ĂͿ h(−1) = e0 − e− 1 = 1 − e− 1 = −e Ğ h(e − 1) = = = 2
e −1 e −1 e −1
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ h(−1) < 0 Ğ h(e − 1) > 0 ͘
>ŽŐŽ͕ h(−1) × h(e − 1) < 0 ͘

ďͿĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚĂĕĆŽŶĆŽĠĐŽƌƌĞƚĂ͕ƉŽŝƐŶĆŽƐĞƉŽĚĞĂƉůŝĐĂƌŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞŽůǌĂŶŽͲĂƵĐŚǇŶŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ
[−1,e − 1] ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶĞƐƐĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ͘
EĆŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵϬ͕ƉŽŝƐ͗
ln( x + 1)2 ln( x + 1)
h(0) = e1 + 0 − 1 = e − 1 Ğ lim+ h( x) = lim+ = 2 lim+ = 2 ×1 = 2
x →0 x →0 x x →0 x

ĐͿWĂƌĂ x < 0 ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ h ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͖ƉĂƌĂ x > 0 ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ h ƚĂŵďĠŵĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂ͘
ŽŵŽ lim+ h( x) = 2 Ğ ĐŽŵŽ lim− h( x) = e − 1 ͕ ƉŽĚĞŵŽƐ ĂĨŝƌŵĂƌ ƋƵĞ Ž ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĞ h ŶĆŽ ĂĚŵŝƚĞ
x →0 x →0
ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐ͘
ln( x + 1)2 § ln( x + 1) x + 1 · ln( x + 1)
lim h( x) = lim = 2 lim ¨ × ¸ = 2 lim × lim x + 1 =
x →+∞ x →+∞ x x →+∞ © x + 1 x ¹ x →+∞ x + 1 x →+∞ x
ln( x + 1) ln( y )
= 2 lim × lim x = 2 lim ×1 = 2 × 0 ×1 = 0
x +1
x →+∞ x →+∞ x y = x +1 y →+∞ y
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 0 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘

h( x) § e1+ x + e x − 1 · § e1+ x 1·
m = lim = lim ¨ ¸ = lim ¨ +e− ¸ = 0+e−0 = e
x →−∞ x x →−∞
© x ¹ x→−∞ © x x¹
b = lim ( h( x) − ex ) = lim ( e1+ x + e x − 1 − ex ) = lim ( e1+ x − 1 ) = 0 − 1 = −1
x →−∞ x →−∞ x →−∞
ƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = ex − 1 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŽďůşƋƵĂĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ h ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ −∞ ͘

ϱϳ͘
x →2 x →2 x →2 x →2
( )
ĂͿ lim− g ( x) = lim− (3 + ln(3 − x)) = 3 + ln(1) = 3 + 0 = 3 ͕ lim+ g ( x) = lim+ e x − 2 + 2 = e0 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3 Ğ
g (2) = 3 ͕ůŽŐŽĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂŶŽƉŽŶƚŽϮ͘
WĂƌĂƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƚĞŶŚĂĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂĞŵϮƚĞƌĄĚĞĞǆŝƐƚŝƌƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƌĞĂůƋƵĞƐĞũĂŝŐƵĂůĂ
g ( x) − g (2)
lim ͘
x→2 x−2
g ( x) − g (2) 3 + ln(3 − x) − 3 ln(3 − x) y 1
lim = lim− = lim− = lim+ = − lim+ y = −1
x → 2− x−2 x → 2 x−2 x → 2 x−2 y = ln(3 − x ) y → 0 1 − e y
y → 0 e − 1
3− x = e y
x =3− e y y

g ( x) − g (2) e x −2 + 2 − 3 e x−2 − 1 e y −1
lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = 1
x→2 x−2 x →2 x−2 x→2 x − 2 y = x − 2 y →0 y
g ( x) − g (2)
EĆŽĞǆŝƐƚĞ lim ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽŶĆŽĠĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĄǀĞůĞŵϮ͘
x→2 x−2

ďͿ Se x < 2, g ′( x) = (3 + ln(3 − x))′ = −1 = − 1 ͕ƋƵĞŶĆŽƐĞĂŶƵůĂ͘
3− x 3− x
1 1
dĞŵͲƐĞ͗ x < 2 ⇔ − x > −2 ⇔ − x + 3 > −2 + 3 ⇔ − x + 3 > 1 − x + 3 > 0 >0− < 0
−x + 3 3− x
>ŽŐŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ x < 2 , g ′( x) < 0 ͘
′
( )
Se x > 2 , g ′( x) = e x − 2 + 2 = e x − 2 ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ƉĂƌĂ x > 2 , g ′( x) > 0 ͘
ĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,2] ĞĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [2,+∞[ ͖ g (2) = 3 ĠŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽ͘

ĐͿĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽ ln(2 − x) + 4 ≤ g ( x) ĂƉĞŶĂƐĞƐƚĄĚĞĨŝŶŝĚĂƉĂƌĂ x < 2 ƉŽƌƋƵĞ 2 − x > 0 ⇔ x < 2 ͘sĞŵ
ĞŶƚĆŽ͗
ln(2 − x) + 4 ≤ g ( x) ⇔ ln(2 − x) + 4 ≤ 3 + ln(3 − x) ⇔ ln(2 − x) + 1 ≤ ln(3 − x) ⇔
⇔ ln(2 − x) + ln(e) ≤ ln(3 − x) ⇔ ln(2e − ex) ≤ ln(3 − x) ⇔ 2e − ex ≤ 3 − x ∧ 2 − x > 0 ∧ 3 − x > 0 ⇔
⇔ x − ex ≤ 3 − 2e ∧ x < 2 ∧ x < 3 ⇔ x(1N − e) ≤ 3 − 2e ∧ x < 2 ⇔
<0
⇔ x ≥ 3 − 2e ∧ x < 2 ⇔ x ≥ 2e − 3 ∧ x < 2 ⇔ x ∈ ª 2e − 3 ,2ª

1− e e −1 «¬ e − 1 ¬«
KĐŽŶũƵŶƚŽͲƐŽůƵĕĆŽĚĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽĠŽŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůŽ ª 2e − 3 ,2ª ͘
«¬ e − 1 «¬

ĚͿ x ≥ 2 ⇔ x − 2 ≥ 0 ⇔ e x − 2 ≥ e0 ⇔ e x − 2 ≥ 1 ⇔ e x − 2 + 2 ≥ 1 + 2 ⇔ g ( x) ≥ 3 ͘>ŽŐŽ͕ B = [3, +∞[ ͘
ŽŵŽ h ĠĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [2,+∞[ ͕ h ĠďŝũĞƚŝǀĂ͘
y = e x − 2 + 2 ⇔ y − 2 = e x − 2 ⇔ x − 2 = ln( y − 2) ⇔ x = ln( y − 2) + 2 ⇔ h −1 ( y ) = 2 + ln( y − 2)
sĞŵ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ͗ h −1 : [3, +∞[ → [2, +∞[, h −1 ( x) = 2 + ln( x − 2)

ϱϴ͘
ĂͿ D f = { x ∈ \ : x − 1 ≠ 0 ∧ x > 0} = \ + \ {1}

ďͿhŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵƚŽĚŽŽƐĞƵĚŽŵşŶŝŽ͕ĂƉĞŶĂƐĂƐƌĞƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 0 ŽƵ
x = 1 ƉŽĚĞƌĆŽƐĞƌĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĂŽƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͘
ln( x) y 1
lim+ f ( x) = lim+ = lim+ y = lim+ y = 1 Ğ
x →1 x →1 x − 1 y = ln( x ) y →0 e − 1 y →0 e − 1
y
x =e
y
ln( x) y 1
lim− f ( x) = lim− = lim− y = lim− y = 1 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 1 ŶĆŽĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂ
x →1 x →1 x − 1 y = ln( x ) y →0 e − 1 y →0 e − 1
y
x =e
y
ĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ͘


ln( x) −∞
lim+ f ( x) = lim+ = = +∞ ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ x = 0 ĠĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂǀĞƌƚŝĐĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ
x →0 x →0 x − 1 −1
ĚĞ f ͘
hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞŽĚŽŵşŶŝŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠůŝŵŝƚĂĚŽŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĂĞǆŝƐƚŝƌĞŵĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐŶĆŽǀĞƌƚŝĐĂŝƐĂŽ
ƐĞƵŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ͕ƚĂůĂƉĞŶĂƐƉŽĚĞƌĄŽĐŽƌƌĞƌƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘
ln( x) ln( x)
lim
ln( x) x →+∞ x = 0 = 0 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƌĞƚĂĚĞĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ y = 0 Ġ
lim f ( x) = lim = lim x =
x →+∞ x →+∞ x − 1 x →+∞ x − 1 x 1
lim
x x →+∞ x
ĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂůĂŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ƋƵĂŶĚŽ x ƚĞŶĚĞƉĂƌĂ +∞ ͘
ƐƐŝŵ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĞ f ĂĚŵŝƚĞĚƵĂƐĂƐƐşŶƚŽƚĂƐĚĞĞƋƵĂĕƁĞƐ y = 0 Ğ x = 0 ͘

ln( x) ln( x) − 1
ĐͿ ≥ 1 ∧ x ∈ \ + \ {1} ⇔ ≥ 0 ∧ x ∈ \ + \ {1}
x −1 x −1 x −1
ln( x) − 1 = 0 ⇔ ln( x) = 1 ⇔ x = e

x 0 1 e +∞
ln( x) − 1 − − − 0 +
x −1 − 0 + + +
ln( x) − 1 + Ŷ͘Ě͘ − 0 +

x −1

>ŽŐŽ͕ x ∈ ]0,1[ ∪ [e,+∞[ ͘
( ) ( )
n n n
§ n + 1 · 1+ 1 lim 1 + 1
( )
n
ĚͿ lim un = lim n + 1 = lim¨ ¨ n ¸ = lim
n
=
n
= e2 = 1
¸
n+2 ¨ n+2¸
( ) ( )
n n e
e
© n ¹ 1+ 2 lim 1 + 2
n n
lim f (un ) = lim f ( x) = lim

()
ln( x)
=
ln 1
( )
e
=
ln e−1
= −1 = − e = e
x→ 1 x→ 1 x − 1 1 −1 1− e 1− e 1 − e e −1
e e
e e e

ª ln( a ) º
ĞͿ [ f ( a ) − f (2)] × ( a − 1) = « − ln(2)» × ( a − 1) = ln( a ) − ln(2) × ( a − 1) =
¬ a − 1 ¼
§ ·
= ln(a ) − a ln(2) + ln(2) = ln(a ) + ln(2) − ln(2a ) = ln(2a) − ln(2a ) = ln ¨ 2aa ¸
©2 ¹

ϱϵ͘
ĂͿ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f Ġ ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞ Ğŵ \ ͕ ƉŽŝƐ Ă ĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′ Ġ ƉŽƐŝƚŝǀĂ͘ K ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĚĂ ĨƵŶĕĆŽ ƚĞŵ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ
ǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂĐŝŵĂĞŵ ]−∞,0] ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ [0,+∞[ ͕ƉŽŝƐĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ′ Ġ
ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ ]−∞,0] ĞĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞĞŵ [0,+∞[ ͘


f ′( x) − 1 f ′( x) − f ′(2)
ďͿ lim = lim = f ′′(2) ͘ f ′′(2) ĠŽĚĞĐůŝǀĞĚĂƌĞƚĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĚĂŶĂĨŝŐƵƌĂ͘
x→2 x − 2 x →2 x−2
ƐƐĂƌĞƚĂƉĂƐƐĂƉĞůŽƐƉŽŶƚŽƐĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ( 2,1) Ğ ( 0,1 + ln(4) ) ͕ůŽŐŽŽƐĞƵĚĞĐůŝǀĞĠ
1 + ln(4) − 1 1 § −1 · § 1 · §1·
= − × ln(4) = ln ¨ 4 2 ¸ = ln ¨ ¸ = ln ¨ ¸ = − ln(2)
0−2 2 © ¹ © 4¹ ©2¹
f ′( x) − 1
>ŽŐŽ͕ lim = f ′′(2) = − ln(2) ͘
x→2 x − 2

ϲϬ͘
ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐĂƐĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ P ƉŽƌ ( x, f ( x)) ͘ĞƐŝŐŶĞŵŽƐƉŽƌ
A ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽƋƵĞŶŽƐĚĄĂĄƌĞĂĚŽƚƌŝąŶŐƵůŽ [ AOP] ĞŵĨƵŶĕĆŽĚĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂ x
ĚŽƉŽŶƚŽ P ͘
A( x) =
2 × (− f ( x))
2 ( )
= − f ( x) = −( x + 1)ln 4 − x + 2
x+2

KƋƵĞƐĞƉƌĞƚĞŶĚĞĠĞŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƌŽŵşŶŝŵŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ A ͘

ĄƌĞĂŵşŶŝŵĂ͕ĂƌƌĞĚŽŶĚĂĚĂăƐĚĠĐŝŵĂƐ͕Ġϭ͕ϯ;Ƶ͘Ă͘Ϳ͘

ϲϭ͘
ĂͿ f ( −1) = e −2 − ( −1) 2 = 12 − 1 ; A§¨ −1, 12 − 1·¸ Ğ f (0) = e0 − 02 = 1 ; B ( 0,1)
e © e ¹
1
−1 −1
2 1
m= e = − 2 + 2 = 2 − e −2
−1 − 0 e

ďͿĨƵŶĕĆŽ f ĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĄǀĞůĞŵ \ ͕ĞŵƉĂƌƚŝĐƵůĂƌĠĐŽŶƚşŶƵĂĞŵ [−1,0] ĞĠĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĐŝĄǀĞůĞŵ
]−1,0[ ͖ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ŽƚĞŽƌĞŵĂĚĞ>ĂŐƌĂŶŐĞƉĞƌŵŝƚĞĐŽŶĐůƵŝƌƋƵĞ ∃c ∈ ]−1,0[ : f ′(c) = 2 − e−2 ͘EƵŵ
ƉŽŶƚŽĚŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĐƵũĂĂďĐŝƐƐĂƐĞũĂƵŵĚĞƐƐĞƐǀĂůŽƌĞƐ͕ĂƌĞƚĂƚĂŶŐĞŶƚĞĠƉĂƌĂůĞůĂăƌĞƚĂ AB ͘

′
( )
ĐͿ f ′( x ) = e 2 x − x 2 = 2e 2 x − 2 x
f ′( x ) = 2 − e −2 ⇔ 2e 2 x − 2 x = 2 − e −2

ĂďĐŝƐƐĂĚĞƐƐĞƉŽŶƚŽƉŽĚĞƌĄƐĞƌ −0, 67 ŽƵ −0, 08 ͘

′
( )
ĚͿ f ′′( x ) = 2e 2 x − 2 x = 4e 2 x − 2
2 2 ()
f ′′( x ) = 0 ⇔ 4e 2 x − 2 = 0 ⇔ e 2 x = 1 ⇔ 2 x = ln 1 ⇔ 2 x = −ln ( 2) ⇔ x = − 1 ln ( 2) ⇔
2

§ −1 · § · § ·
⇔ x = ln ¨ 2 2 ¸ ⇔ x = ln ¨ 1 ¸ ⇔ x = ln ¨ 2 ¸
© ¹ © 2¹ © 2 ¹
2 2 ()
f ′′( x ) > 0 ⇔ 4e 2 x − 2 > 0 ⇔ e 2 x > 1 ⇔ 2 x > ln 1 ⇔ 2 x > −ln ( 2) ⇔ x > − 1 ln ( 2) ⇔
2

§ −1 · § · § ·
⇔ x > ln ¨ 2 2 ¸ ⇔ x > ln ¨ 1 ¸ ⇔ x > ln ¨ 2 ¸
© ¹ © 2¹ © 2 ¹
2 2 ()
f ′′( x ) < 0 ⇔ 4e 2 x − 2 < 0 ⇔ e 2 x < 1 ⇔ 2 x < ln 1 ⇔ 2 x < − ln ( 2) ⇔ x < − 1 ln ( 2) ⇔
2

§ −1 · § · § ·
⇔ x < ln ¨ 2 2 ¸ ⇔ x < ln ¨ 1 ¸ ⇔ x < ln ¨ 2 ¸
© ¹ © 2¹ © 2 ¹
2
§ · 2 § · 2 2
§ § 2ln¨ 2 ¸ ln¨ 2 ¸
·· § § ··
§ § ·· § § ··
f ¨ ln ¨ 2 ¸ ¸ = − ¨ ln ¨ 2 ¸ ¸ =
− ¨ ln ¨ 2 ¸ ¸ = 1 − ¨ ln ¨ 2 ¸ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
e e
© © 2 ¹¹ © © 2 ¹¹© © 2 ¹¹ 2 © © 2 ¹¹
º § 2 ·º
KŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽĞŵ » −∞,ln ¨ ¸» ĞƚĞŵĂĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂ
¼ © 2 ¹¼
ª § 2· ª § § · 1 § § 2 ·· ·
2
2
ĐŝŵĂĞŵ «ln ¨
2 ¸,+∞« ͖ŽƉŽŶƚŽĚĞĐŽŽƌĚĞŶĂĚĂƐ ¨ ln ¨ 2 ¸, 2 − ¨ ln ¨ 2 ¸ ¸ ¸¸ ĠƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽĚŽ
¨
¬ © ¹ ¬ © © ¹ © © ¹¹ ¹
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĚĂĨƵŶĕĆŽ͘

ϲϮ͘
1
ĂͿ f (0) = e1 + e −1 = e + ≈ 3,1 ͘ĂůƚƵƌĂĚŽƉŽƐƚĞĚĂĞƐƋƵĞƌĚĂĠ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ϯ͕ϭŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘
e

ďͿ f (4) − f (0) = e −1 + e1 − e1 − e −1 = 0 ͘ĚŝĨĞƌĞŶĕĂĚĂƐĂůƚƵƌĂƐĚŽƐĚŽŝƐƉŽƐƚĞƐĠϬŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘

e e0,5 x 1
ĐͿ f ( x ) − f (0) = 1,5 ⇔ e1−0,5 x + e 0,5 x −1 − e − e −1 = 1, 5 ⇔ 0,5 x + − e − = 1,5 ⇔
e e e
⇔ e 2 + ( e 0,5 x ) − e 2 e 0,5 x − e 0,5 x = 1, 5 e e 0,5 x ⇔ ( e 0,5 x ) − e 2 e 0,5 x − e 0,5 x − 1, 5 e e 0,5 x + e 2 = 0 ⇔
2 2
( −e − 1 − 1,5 e ) − 4 × e 2
2
e 2 + 1 + 1,5 e ± 2
⇔ (e 0,5 x 2
) + ( −e 2
− 1 − 1, 5 e ) e0,5 x + e 2 = 0 ⇔ e0,5 x = ⇔
2
e + 1 + 1, 5 e ± e + e + 1, 5e + e + 1 + 1,5e + 1, 5e + 1, 5e + 2, 25e 2 − 4 × e 2
2 4 2 3 2 3
⇔ e0,5 x = ⇔
2
e2 + 1 + 1, 5 e ± e 4 + 3e3 + 0, 25e2 + 3e + 1
⇔e = 0,5 x
⇔
2

§ e 2 + 1 + 1,5 e ± e 4 + 3e3 + 0, 25e 2 + 3e + 1 ·
⇔ 0,5 x = ln ¨ ¸⇔
¨ 2 ¸
© ¹

§ e 2 + 1 + 1,5 e + e 4 + 3e3 + 0, 25e 2 + 3e + 1 ·
⇔ x = 2 ln ¨ ¸∨
¨ 2 ¸
© ¹

§ e 2 + 1 + 1, 5 e − e 4 + 3e3 + 0, 25e 2 + 3e + 1 ·
∨ x = 2 ln ¨ ¸⇔
¨ 2 ¸
© ¹
⇔ x ≈ 4, 943395734 ∨ x ≈ −0, 9433957339 ⇔ x ≈ 5 ͘
ĚŝƐƚąŶĐŝĂĞŶƚƌĞŽƐĚŽŝƐƉŽƐƚĞƐĠ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ϱŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘

ĚͿWĂƌĂĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ f ( x) = k ƐĞƌƉŽƐƐşǀĞůĠŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƋƵĞ k > 0 ;ƵŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞ f ( x) > 0, ∀x ∈ \ Ϳ͘
e e 0,5 x
= k ⇔ e 2 + ( e 0,5 x ) − k e e 0,5 x = 0 ⇔
1− 0,5 x 0,5 x −1 2
f ( x) = k ⇔ e +e = k ⇔ 0,5 x +
e e
k e ± k 2e 2 − 4 × e2 k e ± e k2 − 4
⇔ ( e 0,5 x ) − k e e 0,5 x + e 2 = 0 ⇔ e 0,5 x =
2
⇔ e 0,5 x = ⇔
2 2
k ± k2 − 4 § k ± k2 − 4 · § k ± k2 − 4 ·
⇔ e 0,5 x = e ⇔ 0,5 x = ln ¨ e × ¸ ⇔ x = 2 ln ¨ e × ¸⇔
2 ¨ 2 ¸ ¨ 2 ¸
© ¹ © ¹
§ § k ± k2 − 4 ·· § § k ± k2 − 4 ··
⇔ x = 2 ¨ ln(e) + ln ¨ ¸ ¸ ⇔ x = 2 ¨1 + ln ¨ ¸¸ ⇔
¨ ¨ 2 ¸¸ ¨ ¨ 2 ¸¸
© © ¹ ¹ © © ¹ ¹
§k± k −4 · 2 §k± k −4 ·
2
⇔ x = 2 + 2 ln ¨ ¸ ⇔ x = 2 + 2 ln ¨ ¸
¨ 2 ¸ ¨ 2 ¸
© ¹ © ¹
k + k2 − 4 k − k2 − 4
WŽƌƵŵůĂĚŽƚĞŵĚĞĂĐŽŶƚĞĐĞƌ > 0∧ > 0 ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĂŵƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐ͖ƉŽƌ
2 2
ŽƵƚƌŽůĂĚŽ͕ k 2 − 4 > 0 ƉĂƌĂƋƵĞĞǆŝƐƚĂŵĚƵĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐ͖ĨŝŶĂůŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĠŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƋƵĞ
§ k + k2 − 4 · § k − k2 − 4 ·
2 + 2 ln ¨ ¸ ≥ 0 ∧ 2 + 2 ln ¨ ¸ ≥ 0 ͘
¨ 2 ¸ ¨ 2 ¸
© ¹ © ¹
k 2 − 4 > 0 ⇔ k ∈ ]−∞, −2[ ∪ ]2, +∞[ ͕ŵĂƐĐŽŵŽ k > 0 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ k > 2 ͘
k + k2 − 4 k − k2 − 4
> 0∧ > 0 ⇔ k + k 2 − 4 > 0 ∧ k − k 2 − 4 > 0 ⇔ k 2 − 4 > −k ∧ k 2 − 4 < k
2 2
ŽŵŽ k > 2 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ

2
k −
Nk ĠƵŵĂĐŽŶĚŝĕĆŽƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůĞ k − 4 < k ƚĂŵďĠŵĠƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů
4>− 2
+ −
ƉŽƌƋƵĞ k 2 − 4 < k ⇔ k 2 − 4 < k 2 ⇔ −4 < 0 ͘

k + k2 − 4 § k + k2 − 4 · § k + k2 − 4 ·
ŽŵŽ k > 2 ͕ǀĞŵ > 1 2 + 2 ln ¨ ¸ > 0 2 + 2 ln ¨ ¸ ≥ 0 ͘
2 ¨ 2 ¸ ¨ 2 ¸
© ¹ © ¹
§ k − k2 − 4 ·
WĂƌĂ 2 + 2 ln ¨ ¸ ≥ 0 ͕ĠŶĞĐĞƐƐĄƌŝŽƋƵĞ͗
¨ 2 ¸
© ¹
§ k − k2 − 4 · k − k2 − 4 1 2 2
ln ¨ ¸ ≥ −1 ⇔ ≥ ⇔ k − k2 − 4 ≥ ⇔ k2 − 4 ≤ k − ⇔
¨ 2 ¸ 2 e e N e
© ¹ positivo para k > 2


2
§ 2· 4 4 4 4 k 1 e
⇔ k − 4 ≤ ¨ k − ¸ ⇔ k 2 − 4 ≤ k 2 − k + 2 ⇔ k ≤ 2 + 4 ⇔ ≤ 2 + 1 ⇔ k ≤ 2 + e ⇔ k ≤ e −1 + e
2
© e¹ e e e e e e e
WŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ k ∈ º¼ 2,e + e−1 º¼ ͘


f ′( x ) = ( e1− 0,5 x + e 0,5 x −1 )′ = −0,5 e1− 0,5 x + 0, 5 e 0,5 x −1 = −0,5 ( e1− 0,5 x − e0,5 x −1 )
f ′( x ) = 0 ⇔ −0, 5 ( e1−0,5 x − e 0,5 x −1 ) = 0 ⇔ e1−0,5 x − e 0,5 x −1 = 0 ⇔ e1−0,5 x = e 0,5 x −1 ⇔
⇔ 1 − 0, 5 x = 0, 5 x − 1 ⇔ x = 2 ͖ f (2) = e 0 + e 0 = 2
f ′( x ) > 0 ⇔ −0, 5 ( e1−0,5 x − e 0,5 x −1 ) > 0 ⇔ e1−0,5 x − e 0,5 x −1 < 0 ⇔ e1− 0,5 x < e 0,5 x −1 ⇔
⇔ 1 − 0, 5 x < 0,5 x − 1 ⇔ x < 2
f ′( x ) < 0 ⇔ −0,5 ( e1− 0,5 x − e 0,5 x −1 ) < 0 ⇔ e1−0,5 x − e 0,5 x −1 > 0 ⇔ e1− 0,5 x > e 0,5 x −1 ⇔
⇔ 1 − 0, 5 x > 0, 5 x − 1 ⇔ x > 2
ŽŵŽ x ≥ 0 ͕ĂĨƵŶĕĆŽĠĚĞĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƉĂƌĂ x ∈ [ 0, 2] ͕ĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚĞƉĂƌĂ x ∈ [ 2, +∞[ ͕
ƚĞŶĚŽƵŵŵşŶŝŵŽĂďƐŽůƵƚŽϮƉĂƌĂ x = 2 ͘hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞ f (0) = e + e −1 ͕ĂĞƋƵĂĕĆŽ
f ( x) = k ƚĞŵĚƵĂƐƐŽůƵĕƁĞƐŶĆŽŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂƐ͕ƋƵĂŶĚŽ k ∈ º 2,e + e −1 º ͘
¼ ¼

ϲϯ͘

ĂͿZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂ͕ĞŵŵŝůŚĂƌĞƐ͕ŽŶ͘ǑĚĞůŝƚƌŽƐƋƵĞĂĞŵƉƌĞƐĂǀĞŶĚĞŶƵŵŵġƐ͕ĂŽƉƌĞĕŽĚĞϭ͕ϱΦƉŽƌůŝƚƌŽ͘

ďͿŽƉƌĞĕŽĚĞǀĞŶĚĂĚĞĐĂĚĂůŝƚƌŽĚĞƐƵŵŽƋƵĞƉƌŽƉŽƌĐŝŽŶĂĂǀĞŶĚĂŵĞŶƐĂůĚĞϭϬϬϬϬůŝƚƌŽƐ͘

1 § 1· § 1·
ĐͿ L( x ) = 1000 × Q ( x ) × x − 1000 × Q ( x ) × = 1000 × Q ( x ) × ¨ x − ¸ = 1000 × (1, 4 + e 4 − x ) × ¨ x − ¸
2 © 2¹ © 2¹

ĚͿ Q ( x ) = N ( x ) ⇔ 1, 4 + e 4 − x = 1 + e 4,2 − x ⇔ 0, 4 = e 4,2 − x − e 4− x ⇔ 0, 4 = e 4,2 e − x − e 4 e − x ⇔
0, 4 § 0, 4 · § 0, 4 ·
⇔ 0, 4 = ( e 4,2 − e 4 ) e − x ⇔ e − x = 4,2 4 ⇔ − x = ln ¨ 4,2 4 ¸ ⇔ x = − ln ¨ 4,2 4 ¸ ⇔
e −e ©e −e ¹ ©e −e ¹
§ e 4,2 − e 4 ·
⇔ x = ln ¨ ¸ ⇔ x ≈ 3, 4
© 0, 4 ¹
KƉƌĞĕŽĚĞǀĞŶĚĂĚŽůŝƚƌŽĚĞƐƵŵŽƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůƐĞǀĞŶĚĞŵƚĂŶƚŽƐůŝƚƌŽƐĚĞƵŵĂƋƵĂůŝĚĂĚĞĚĞƐƵŵŽ
ĐŽŵŽĚĂŽƵƚƌĂĠ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ϯ͕ϰĞƵƌŽƐ͘

ϲϰ͘
ĂͿ P (1,8) = 30 × 10−0,056×1,8 23,8
§ 4·
log ¨ ¸
4 § 4· © 15 ¹ ⇔
ďͿ P ( h) = 8 ⇔ 30 ×10 −0,056×h = 8 ⇔ 10−0,056×h = ⇔ −0, 056 × h = log ¨ ¸ ⇔ h =
15 © 15 ¹ −0, 056
⇔ h ≈ 10, 251 Ŭŵ


§1·
log ¨ ¸
−0,056×h 1 § ·
1 ©6¹ ⇔
ĐͿ P ( h) < 5 ⇔ 30 × 10 < 5 ⇔ 10−0,056×h < ⇔ −0, 056 × h < log ¨ ¸ ⇔ h >
6 ©6¹ −0, 056
⇔ h > 13 895, 55 metros
EŽŵşŶŝŵŽ͕ĂϭϯϴϵϲŵĞƚƌŽƐ͘

−0,056×( h +1)
ĚͿ P(h + 1) = k .P(h) ⇔ 30 ×10 = k × 30 ×10−0,056×h ⇔ 10−0,056 h −0,056 = k ×10−0,056×h ⇔
⇔ 10−0,056 h ×10−0,056 = k ×10−0,056×h ⇔ 10−0,056 = k ⇔ k ≈ 0,88
sĞŵƋƵĞ P(h + 1) = 0,88 P(h) = (1 − 0,12) P(h) = P(h) − 0,12 P(h) ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕ĂƉƌĞƐƐĆŽĂƚŵŽƐĨĠƌŝĐĂ
ĚŝŵŝŶƵŝϭϮйƉŽƌĐĂĚĂƋƵŝůſŵĞƚƌŽĚĞĂƵŵĞŶƚŽĚĞĂůƚŝƚƵĚĞ͘

ϲϱ͘
^ĞũĂ ( un ) ĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞŶŽƐĚĄĂƋƵĂŶƚŝĂ͕ĞŵĞƵƌŽƐ͕ƋƵĞĂƐƉĞƌĂŶĕĂƚĞŵĂŽĨŝŵĚĞ n ŵĞƐĞƐ͘
un = 20 000 ×1, 006n
^ĞũĂ ( vn ) ĂƐƵĐĞƐƐĆŽƋƵĞŶŽƐĚĄĂƋƵĂŶƚŝĂ͕ĞŵĞƵƌŽƐ͕ĚŽƉƌĞĕŽĚŽĐĂƌƌŽĂŽĨŝŵĚĞ n ŵĞƐĞƐ͘
vn = 24800 × (1 − 0, 008)n = 24800 × 0,992n
n
1, 006n 24800 § 503 · 31
un ≥ vn ⇔ 20 000 × 1, 006 n ≥ 24800 × 0,992 n ⇔ ≥ ⇔¨ ¸ ≥ ⇔
© 496 ¹
n
0,992 20 000 25
§ 31 ·
ln ¨ ¸
⇔ n ≥ © ¹ ⇔ n ≥ 15,349
31 25
⇔ n ≥ log 503
496 25 § 503 ·
ln ¨ ¸
© 496 ¹
ƐƉĞƌĂŶĕĂƉŽĚĞƌĄĐŽŵƉƌĂƌŽĂƵƚŽŵſǀĞůĂŽĨŝŵĚĞϭϲŵĞƐĞƐ͘

ϲϲ͘
ĂͿ v(0) = 40000 = 4000 = 800
1 + 4e 5

ďͿ v( x) = 1500 ⇔ 4000
1 + 4e −0,2 x
= 1500 ⇔ 4000 = 1 + 4e−0,2 x ⇔ e−0,2 x = 5 ⇔ −0,2 x = ln 5 ⇔
1500 12 12 ( )
⇔x=
( )
ln 5
12
⇔ x ≈ 4,377
−0,2
ƐǀĞŶĚĂƐĂƚŝŶŐŝƌĂŵŽŵŝůŚĂƌĞŵĞŝŽŶŽĚĞĐŽƌƌĞƌĚŽŵġƐĚĞŵĂŝŽ͘

·′ −4000 × 4 × (−0,2)e 3200e −0,2 x
−0,2 x
ĐͿ v′( x) = ¨§ 4000 ¸ = = , 0 ≤ x ≤ 12
© 1 + 4e −0,2 x ¹ (
1 + 4e )
−0,2 x 2
(
1 + 4e −0,2 x 2
)
§ ′
−0,2 x · ( ) ( )
2
¨ 3200 e ¸ 3200× (−0,2)e −0,2 x 1 + 4e −0,2 x − 3200e −0,2 x × 2 1 + 4e −0,2 x × 4 × (−0,2)e −0,2 x
v′′( x) = = =
¨ 2¸
( )
¨ 1 + 4e−0,2 x ¸
© ¹ (
1 + 4e )
−0,2 x 4


=
( )
3200× (−0,2)e−0,2 x 1 + 4e−0,2 x ª¬1 + 4e−0,2 x − 8e−0,2 x º¼ −640 e−0,2 x 1 − 4e −0,2 x
=
( )
( ) ( )
4 3
−0,2 x −0,2 x
1 + 4e 1 + 4e
(
−640 e−0,2 x 1 − 4e −0,2 x ) = 0 ⇔ 1 − 4e
v′′( x) = 0 ⇔
(1 + 4e −0,2 x
)
3
−0,2 x
4 ()
= 0 ⇔ e−0,2 x = 1 ⇔ −0,2 x = ln 1 ⇔
4
− ln ( 4)
⇔x= ⇔ x ≈7
−0,2

− ln ( 4)
1 − 4e −0,2 x > 0 ⇔ e −0,2 x < 1 ⇔ −0,2 x < ln 1 ⇔ x >
4 4 −0,2 ()
⇔ x > 7
− ln ( 4)
1 − 4e −0,2 x < 0 ⇔ e−0,2 x > 1 ⇔ −0,2 x > ln 1 ⇔ x <
4 4 −0,2 ()
⇔ x < 7
−
−640 e−0,2 x
^Ğ 0 ≤ x ≤ 7 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ v′′( x) = 1 − 4e −0,2 x ≥ 0 ͘ ( )
1 + 4e

(
−0,2 x 3
− )
+
−
−640 e−0,2 x
^Ğ 7 ≤ x ≤ 12 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ v′′( x) = (
1 − 4e ) ≤ 0 ͘
−0,2 x
(
1 + 4e

)

−0,2 x 3
+
+
^Ğ 0 ≤ x ≤ 7 ͕ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ĚŽ ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽ ĞƐƚĄ ǀŽůƚĂĚĂ ƉĂƌĂ ĐŝŵĂ͕ ƐĞ 7 ≤ x ≤ 12 ͕ Ă ĐŽŶĐĂǀŝĚĂĚĞ ĚŽ
ŐƌĄĨŝĐŽĞƐƚĄǀŽůƚĂĚĂƉĂƌĂďĂŝǆŽ͘WĂƌĂ x = 7 ͕ŽŐƌĄĨŝĐŽƚĞŵƵŵƉŽŶƚŽĚĞŝŶĨůĞǆĆŽ͘
KǀĂůŽƌĚĞ x ƉĂƌĂŽƋƵĂůŽƌŝƚŵŽĚĞǀĞŶĚĂƐĐŽŵĞĕŽƵĂĚŝŵŝŶƵŝƌĠϳ͘

ϲϳ͘
54
ĂͿ 2 log( E ) − 2,9 = 4,3 ⇔ log( E ) = 54 ⇔ E = 10 5
3 5
54
54 5
M 0 ×1,6 ×10 5
= 10 5 ⇔ M 0 = 10 5 ⇔
1,6 ×10
−5 54
⇔ M 0 = 1 ×10 5 ⇔ M 0 = 0,625 ×105,8 ⇔ M 0 = 0,625 ×105 ×100,8 ⇔ M 0 ≈ 4 ×105
1,6

ďͿ 4 = 2 log( E2 ) − 2,9 − ª 2 log( E1 ) − 2,9º ⇔ 4 = 2 [log( E2 ) − log( E1 )] ⇔
3 3 ¬« 3 ¼» 3 3
§E · §E · E
⇔ 4 = 2 log ¨ 2 ¸ ⇔ 2 = log ¨ 2 ¸ ⇔ 102 = 2 ⇔ E2 = 100 E1
3 3 © E1 ¹ © E1 ¹ E1

′
( )
ϲϴ͘ f ′(t ) = 20e −0,01t = 20 × ( −0,01t )′ × e −0,01t = 20 × ( −0,01) × e −0,01t = −0,01× 20e −0,01t = −0,01 f (t )


ϲϵ͘
ĂͿ m(t ) = 50 e−k t ; m(1) = 49,975 ⇔ 50 e− k = 49,975 ⇔ e− k = 1999 ⇔ −k = ln 1999
2000 2000 ( )
( ) § ln( 1999 )·
t
ln 1999 ×t
( ) ( ) ≈ 49,95 ŐƌĂŵĂƐ
t 2
m(t ) = 50 e 2000
= 50 ¨ e 2000 ¸ = 50 1999 ; m(2) = 50 1999
¨ ¸ 2000 2000
© ¹
( ) ( ) ()
t t
ďͿ m(t ) = 1 × 50 ⇔ 50 1999 = 1 × 50 ⇔ 1999 = 1 ⇔ t = log 1999 1 ⇔
4 2000 4 2000 4 2000
4
⇔t=
ln 1
4 ()
⇔ t ≈ 2772 anos
ln 1999
2000 ( )

ϳϬ͘
ln ( 2)
ĂͿ m(11,3) = 1 m0 ⇔ m0 e−11,3k = 1 m0 ⇔ e −11,3k = 1 ⇔ −11,3k = ln 1 ⇔ k =
2 2 2 2 11,3
⇔ k ≈ 0,06 ()
>ŽŐŽ͕ m(t ) = m0e−0,06t ͕ƐĞŶĚŽ m0 ĂŵĂƐƐĂŶŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞŝŶŝĐŝĂů͘

m(t + 1) m0e−0,06(t +1) e−0,06t −0,06 e−0,06t × e−0,06
ďͿ = −0,06t
= −0,06t
= −0,06t
= e−0,06 0,94 ͖ m(t + 1) ≈ 0,94 m(t )
m(t ) m0e e e
ĐĂĚĂĚŝĂ͕ĂŵĂƐƐĂĚĞƌĄĚŝŽͲϮϮϯƌĞĚƵǌͲƐĞĂϵϰйĚĂŵĂƐƐĂĚŽĚŝĂĂŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕ƉĞƌĚĞϲйĚĂ
ŵĂƐƐĂƋƵĞƚŝŶŚĂ͘

ϳϭ͘
m(t + 5,75) 1
ĂͿ = ⇔ m(t + 5,75) = 1 m(t ) ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕ĂƐĞŵŝǀŝĚĂĚŽƌĄĚŝŽͲϮϮϴĠϱ͕ϳϱĂŶŽƐ͘
m(t ) 2 2

ďͿ m(t + 5,75) = 1 m(t ) ⇔ m0e − k (t +5,75) = 1 m0 e− kt ⇔ e − kt −5,75k = 1 e− kt ⇔ e− kt × e−5,75k = 1 e− kt ⇔
2 2 2 2
( )
⇔ e −5,75k = 1 ⇔ −5,75k = ln 1 ⇔ k =
2 2 ()ln 2
5,75
ln( 2)
− ln2 t − ×23
12
m(t ) = m0e 5,75
͕ĞŶƚĆŽ m(23) = 12 ⇔ m0 e 5,75
= 12 ⇔ m0 = ln( 2)
⇔ m0 ≈ 192
− ×23
5,75
e

ϳϮ͘
ĂͿ 4
−k 1
= 12e 2 ⇔k=
ln 1
3 ()
⇔ k = 2ln (3) ͖ĞŶƚĆŽ͕
−1
2
−2t
(
M (t ) = 12 × e−2ln(3)t = 12 × eln(3) ) = 4 × 3 × 3−2t = 4 × 3−2t +1 ͘


M (1) − M (0)
ďͿ v[0,1] = = M (1) − M (0) = 4 × 3−1 − 4 × 3 = 4 − 12 = − 32
1− 0 3 3
M (2) − M (1)
v[1,2] = = M (2) − M (1) = 4 × 3−3 − 4 × 3−1 = 4 − 4 = − 32
2 −1 27 3 27
1
>ŽŐŽ͕ v[1,2] = × v[0,1] ͘
9

′
( )
ĐͿ M ′(t ) = 4 × 3−2t +1 = 4 × (−2) × 3−2t +1 × ln(3) = −8ln(3) × 3−2t +1
8
M ′(1,5) = −8ln(3) × 3−2×1,5+1 = −8ln(3) × 3−2 = − ln(3)
9
8
M ′(3) = −8ln(3) × 3−2×3+1 = −8ln(3) × 3−5 = − ln(3)
243

ĚͿ M ′(t ) = −8ln(3) × 3−2t +1 ∀t , M ′(t ) < 0 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂƚĂǆĂĚĞĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂĕĆŽĠŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͘
′
( )
M ′′(t ) = −8ln(3) × 3−2t +1 = −8ln(3) × (−2) × 3−2t +1 × ln(3) = 16(ln(3)) 2 × 3−2t +1 ͖ ∀t , M ′′(t ) > 0 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞĂ
ƚĂǆĂĚĞĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂĕĆŽĞƐƚĄĂĂƵŵĞŶƚĂƌ͘
hŵĂǀĞǌƋƵĞĂƚĂǆĂĚĞĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂĕĆŽĞƐƚĄĂĂƵŵĞŶƚĂƌĞ͕ĐŽŵŽĠŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĂ͕ƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂƋƵĞĂ
ĚĞƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂĕĆŽǀĂŝƐĞŶĚŽĨĞŝƚĂĚĞŵŽĚŽĐĂĚĂǀĞǌŵĂŝƐůĞŶƚŽ͘

ϳϯ͘
ĂͿ P(t ) = P0e k t ͖ P(0) = 41 790 ∧ P (10) = 47 917
>ŽŐŽ͗
§ 47 917 ·
ln ¨
41790 ¹¸
⇔k= ©
47 917
P(10) = 47 917 ⇔ 41790e10 k = 47 917 ⇔ e10 k =
41790 10
§ 47 917 · § 47 917 · § 47 917 ·
ln¨ ¸ ln¨ ¸ ln¨ ¸
© 41790 ¹ t © 41790 ¹ ×5 © 41790 ¹
P(t ) = 41790e 10 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ P(5) = 41790e 10 = 41790e 2 ≈ 44 748,759

ƉŽƉƵůĂĕĆŽĞŵϭϵϮϱƐĞƌŝĂĚĞϰϰϳϰϵŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚĞƐ͘

§ 47917 ·
ln¨ ¸ § 47 917 ·
© 41790 ¹ ×20 2ln¨
© 41790 ¹
¸ ( 47917)
2
ďͿ P(20) = 41790e 10 = 41790e = ≈ 54942,304
41790
52143
52143 = p × 54942 ⇔ p = ⇔ p ≈ 0,95
54942
ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŵĚĞĞƌƌŽĚŽŵŽĚĞůŽĞŵƌĞůĂĕĆŽĂŽǀĂůŽƌƌĞĂůĨŽŝĚĞ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ϱй͘

ϳϰ͘
ĂͿƚĂǆĂĚĞŵŽƌƚĂůŝĚĂĚĞĂŶƵĂůĠ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĚĞϭ͕ϱƉĂƌĂĐĂĚĂϭϬϬŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚĞƐ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕ĂƚĂǆĂĚĞ
ŶĂƚĂůŝĚĂĚĞƉŽƌŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚĞĠ 0, 015 ͘
ƚĂǆĂĚĞŶĂƚĂůŝĚĂĚĞĂŶƵĂůĠ͕ĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞ͕ĚĞϮƉŽƌĐĂĚĂϭϬϬŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚĞƐ͕ŝƐƚŽĠ͕Ϭ͕ϬϮƉŽƌĐĂĚĂ
ŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚĞ͘dŽĚŽƐŽƐĂŶŽƐĐŚĞŐĂŵĂŝŶĚĂĂŽƉĂşƐĐĞƌĐĂĚĞϭϬϬϬϬϬŶŽǀŽƐŝŵŝŐƌĂŶƚĞƐ͘
>ŽŐŽ͕ P(t + 1) = P(t ) + 0,02 × P(t ) − 0,015P(t ) + 0,1 = 1,005P(t ) + 0,1 ͘


ďͿ P (t + ∆t ) = P (t ) + 0,02∆tP (t ) − 0,015∆tP (t ) + 0,1∆t = P (t ) + 0,005∆tP (t ) + 0,1∆t

P(t + ∆t ) − P(t ) P(t ) + 0,005∆tP(t ) + 0,1∆t − P(t )
ĐͿ P′(t ) = = = 0,005P(t ) + 0,1 ⇔
∆t ∆t
⇔ P′(t ) = 0,005 P(t ) + 0,1 ⇔ P′(t ) = 1 P(t ) + 1
200 10

ĚͿ P′(t ) = 1 P(t ) + 1 = 1 [ P(t ) + 20] = 1 Q(t )
200 10 200 200
ŽŵŽ Q (t ) = P (t ) + 20 ͕ǀĞŵƋƵĞ Q′(t ) = P ′(t ) + 0 = P′(t ) ͘
t 1
ŶƚĆŽ͕ Q′(t ) = 1 Q(t ) Ğ͕ĚĂĚŽƋƵĞ P (0) = 35 ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ Q (0) = 55 Ğ͕ƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽ͕ Q(t ) = 55e 200 ͘
200

t
ĞͿ Q (t ) = P (t ) + 20 ⇔ P (t ) = Q (t ) − 20 ͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ P(t ) = 55e 200 − 20 ͘
( )
t t t
P(t ) = 2 × P(0) ⇔ 55e 200 − 20 = 2 × 35 ⇔ 55e 200 = 90 ⇔ e 200 = 18 ⇔ t = ln 18 ⇔
11 200 11

11 ( )
⇔ t = 200 ×ln 18 ⇔ t ≈ 98,495
ŽĨŝŵĚĞĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞϵϵĂŶŽƐĂƉŽƉƵůĂĕĆŽĚƵƉůŝĐĂƌĄ͘

ϳϱ͘
ĂͿ T (0) = 20 + 55e0 = 75
ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚŽůşƋƵŝĚŽŶŽŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞĞŵƋƵĞĨŽŝĐŽůŽĐĂĚŽĂĂƌƌĞĨĞĐĞƌĠĚĞϳϱΣ͘

ďͿ T (t ) ≤ 55 ⇔ 20 + 55e −0,155t ≤ 55 ⇔ e −0,155t ≤ 55 − 20 ⇔ e −0,155t ≤ 7 ⇔ −0,155t ≤ ln 7 ⇔
55 11 11 ( )
⇔t≥
( )
ln 7
11
⇔ t ≥ 3
−0,155
dĞŵĚĞĞƐƉĞƌĂƌƉĞůŽŵĞŶŽƐϯŵŝŶƵƚŽƐ͘

( )
ĐͿ lim T (t ) = lim 20 + 55e −0,155t = 20 + 55 × 0 = 20
t →+∞ t →+∞
ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĂŵďŝĞŶƚĞĠϮϬΣ͘

ϳϲ͘ T (t ) = Ta + (T0 − Ta )e− k t ͕ k ∈ \ + , T0 Ġ Ă ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂ ŶŽ ŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĞ t = 0 Ğ Ta Ġ Ă ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂ
ĂŵďŝĞŶƚĞ͘
T (t ) = 25 + (100 − 25)e − k t = 25 + 75e− k t
ŽŵŽĂŽĨŝŵĚĞƚƌġƐŵŝŶƵƚŽƐĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚĂĄŐƵĂĂƚŝŶŐĞϳϮΣ͕ǀĞŵ͗
( )
ln 47
−3 k
T (3) = 72 ⇔ 25 + 75e = 72 ⇔ e = −3 k 72 −
75
25 −3 k
⇔e = 47
75
⇔ −3k = ln 47
75 ( )
⇔k=
75
−3

ln 47
75( )
t
T (t ) = 25 + 75e 3

ln 47
75 t
ln 47
75 t ( )
ln 47
75
= 55 − 25 ⇔
t
T (t ) = 55 ⇔ 25 + 75e 3 = 55 ⇔ e 3 e 3 =2⇔
75 5

( )
ln 47
⇔
3
75
() ( )
t = ln 2 ⇔ ln 47 t = 3ln 2 ⇔
5 75 5 ()
⇔t =
()
3ln 2
5
⇔t ≈6
( )
ln 47
75
ŽĨŝŵĚĞĂƉƌŽǆŝŵĂĚĂŵĞŶƚĞϲŵŝŶƵƚŽƐĂƚŝŶŐŝƌĄĂƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂĚĞϱϱΣ͘


ϭ͘&ſƌŵƵůĂƐƚƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂƐ
ϭ͘ sen ~ sen2 + 3 ~ sen cos b sen cos ~

j j j
d b d ~
j
j j
b j

~ b ~
Ϯ͘ sen sen

~ sen2 c 3sen2 c 3 ~
~ 2sen cos c sen cos 32sen cos c sen cos 3 ~
~ 2sen2 c 3cos c sen cos2 c 332sen cos c sen cos 3 ~
~ 2sen cos c sen 2 c cos 332sen cos c sen cos 3 ~
~ 4 d c d 2 c 354 d c d 5 ~
j j j j j j

j
j j
j j
j
~4 54 5~4 5 c4 5 ~

b c

c

~

~

j
TemͲsesen b cos ~ ,peloquesen ~ c 4 5 ~c

ϯ͘
~

.
Como :Á ;,vemsen ~

.
cos2
b 3 ~ cos
cos c sen
sen ~
TemͲse,então:
j j
~ d c
d
~
c
~ c
~ c

ϰ͘ TemͲse b tg ~

cos ,peloquecos

b
~ ~
b tg ~
~
.

TemͲsesen b cos ~ ,peloquesen ~ c

~ .
Como : Á ;,vemsen ~ ecos ~ c .
j

TemͲsesen b cos ~ ,peloquecos ~ c

~
Como :Á ;,vemcos ~ .
.

TemͲse,então:
cos c ~ cos cos b sen sen ~
j j
~ c
d
b d ~ c
b
~

ϱ͘ TemͲsesen b cos ~ ,peloquecos ~ c

~c
~
.
Como : Á ;,vemcos ~ c k
j j

j

~ c ~ c .
j j

sen²³ b cos²³ ~ sen cos b cos c sen ~ d 4 5b

c c ~
j
j j cj

~ c b
c
~ c b
~ c b
~

ϲ͘ sen2arcsen 3 ~ ecos2arccos 3 ~ .
Designemosporoarcsen .
TemͲsesen b cos ~ ,peloquecos ~ c
~

.
Como :Á ;,vemcos ~ ~ .
j j

Vem,então,quecos2arcsen 3 ~
.
j
Designemospor oarccos .
TemͲsesen b cos ~ ,peloquesen ~ c

~
.
Como :Á ;,vemsen ~ ~
.
j j

Vem,então,quesen2arccos

3~ j
sen2arcsen b arccos 3 ~ sen2arcsen 3 d cos2arccos 3b

b sen2arccos 3 d cos2arcsen 3 ~

j
j
~
d
b d ~
b
~

ϳ͘
sen²b ³csen²c ³ sen cos b sen cos c sen cos c sen cos
ĂͿ cos²b ³bcos²c ³ ~ cos cos c sen sen b cos cos b sen sen ~
sen cos b sen cos c sen cos b sen cos sen cos sen
~ cos cos c sen sen b cos cos b sen sen ~ cos cos ~ cos ~ tg
sen cos b sen cos senb senb senb

sen
sen cos
ďͿ sen b cos ~ sen cos ~ sen cos ~ sen cos ~

ĐͿ sen²³ btg ~ sen cos
cos ~ sen
cos ~ tg
ĚͿ cos c sen ~ cos c sen cos b sen ~ c sen²³
c sen²³ cos²³ b c sen²³ cos c sen b c sen cos

ĞͿ b cos²³ ~ cos²³ ~ cos c sen ~
cos c sen cos cos ²cos c sen ³ cos

~ cos c sen ~ ²cos c sen ³²cos b sen ³ ~ cos b sen
sen3 % c cos % sen % À sen % c cos % À cos % c cos % À sen % c c sen % À cos %
ĨͿ sen % c cos % ~ sen % c cos % ~ sen % c cos % ~
sen % c cos % À sen % c cos % b sen % À cos %

~ sen % c cos % ~
sen % c cos % b sen % À cos % c cos % À sen % sen % À cos % c cos % À sen %
~ sen % c cos % ~ b sen % c cos % ~
sen% cos % ²sen % c cos %³

~ b sen % c cos % ~ b sen% cos % ~ b
sen²%³

sen % sen 2 % 3 sen % cos %
ŐͿ sen % ~ sen % ~ sen % ~ cos %
ŚͿ cos²%³ ~ cos²% b %³ ~ cos²%³cos % c sen²%³sen % ~
~ cos % c sen %cos % c sen % cos % sen % ~
~ cos % c sen %cos % c sen % cos % ~
~ cos % c sen %cos % ~ cos % c c cos %cos % ~

~ cos % c cos % b cos % ~
~ cos % c cos %
ϴ͘
b cos²%³ b cos % c sen % cos %
ĂͿ ~ ~ ~ cos %
b cos2d 3 b cos b cos2 c 3

ďͿ TemͲsecos
~ ~ ~ ~
c j

c cos c
j
j k
~ ~

~ c ,peloquecos ~
ϵ͘
¯ cos 2% b 3 ~
j j
ĂͿ cos % À cos c sen % À sen ~

¯
¯%b
~
b v % b
~ c
b Á { ¯
¯%~ c
b
b v % ~ c
c
b Á { ¯
¯%~
b v % ~ c
b Á {
sen % b j cos % ~ ¯
j
ďͿ
sen % b cos % ~
¯
¯ cos sen % b sen cos % ~

¯ sen % cos b sen cos % ~
¯
¯ sen2% b

3 ~
¯%b
~

b v % b
~c

b Á { ¯
¯%~ c
b

b v % ~ c
b

b Á { ¯
¯%~ c

b v % ~
b Á {

ĐͿ sen % c j cos % ~ j ¯ sen % c j cos % ~ j ¯
j j
j j
¯
sen % c cos % ~ ¯
sen % c cos % ~ ¯
j
¯ sen % c cos % ~ ¯ cos
sen % c sen
cos % ~ ¯
¯ sen %cos
c sen
cos % ~ ¯ sen2% c

3 ~ ¯ % c

~
b Á { ¯
¯%~

b
b Á { ¯ % ~
b Á {
ĚͿ sen % b cos % b j ~ ¯ sen % b cos % ~ c j ¯ j

sen % b j

cos % ~ c ¯
j j
¯ sen % b cos % ~ c ¯
¯ sen sen % b cos cos % ~ c ¯ cos cos % b sen sen % ~ c ¯
¯ cos2 c %3 ~ c ¯
c % ~ b Á { ¯
¯ c% ~ c
b b Á { ¯
¯% ~
c c Á { ¯ % ~ c
b Á {
sen % c cos % c j
~ ¯ sen % c cos % ~ j
¯
j
j j j
ĞͿ
sen % c
cos % ~ ¯
j j j j
j j

¯ sen % c cos % ~ ¯ sen % c cos % ~ ¯
j j
¯ cos sen % c sen cos % ~ ¯ sen % cos c sen cos % ~ ¯
¯ sen2% c 3 ~
j

¯%c
~
b v % c
~c
b Á { ¯
¯%~
b
b v % ~
b
b Á { ¯
¯%~
b v % ~
b Á {
c sen % ~ 2sen % % 3
¯ c sen % ~ sen %

ĨͿ c cos c sen cos b cos ¯
% % %
¯ c sen % ~ c sen %
cos ¯ sen % ~ sen % ¯
%
¯ % ~ % b v % ~ c % b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ v % ~ b Á { ¯ % ~ v % ~
b
Á {
cos % b sen %csen % cos %

ŐͿ sen % b
cos % ~ ¯
sen % b
cos % c ~ ¯ sen % cos % ~ ¯
1c2sen % cos % 1csen ²%³
¯ sen % cos % ~ ¯ sen % cos % ~ ¯ 1 c sen ²%³ ~ w sen % cos % £ ¯
¯ sen ²%³ ~ w sen % £ w cos % £ ¯ sen²%³ ~ f w sen % £ w cos % £ ¯
¯ % ~
b w % £ Á

{¯%~
b Á

{

ŚͿ cos% b cos % b cos% b sen %! ~ ¯
¯ cos% b cos % b cos% b sen % ~ ¯ cos% b cos % b sen % ~ ¯
¯ cos % c sen % b cos % b c cos % ~ ¯
¯ cos % c b cos % b cos % b c cos % ~ ¯
¯
cos % c b cos % b c cos % ~ ¯
c f j c d d
¯ cos % b cos % b ~ ¯ cos % ~ d ¯ cos % ~ c f
¯
¯ cos % ~ c
v cos % ~ c ¯
¯%~
b v % ~
b v % ~ b Á {
ϭϬ͘
ĂͿ sen 2
c %3 c cos % ~
¯ sen
cos % c sen % cos
c cos % ~
¯
¯ cos % c j sen % c cos % ~

j
¯ d
cos % c sen % c cos % ~
¯
¯ c j sen % ~

j j
j

¯ sen % ~ c
¯ sen % ~ c
¯ sen % ~ c ¯
¯% ~ c
b v % ~ c
b Á { ¯
¯%~ c
v %~ c
v %~
v % ~

j j j
ďͿ sen % À cos % ~ ¯ sen % À cos % ~ ¯ sen % ~ ¯
¯ % ~
b v % ~
b Á { ¯
¯% ~

b v% ~
b Á { ¯
¯%~ c

v %~ c
v %~ c

v %~ c
v %~

v %~
v
v %~

v % ~

ĐͿ cos% b sen % ~ ¯ cos % c sen % b sen % ~ ¯

¯ 1 c sen % c sen % b sen % ~ ¯ c sen % b sen % c ~ ¯
c f j c d cdc
dc ¯ sen % ~ v sen % ~
c f
¯ sen % ~ ¯ sen % ~ c ¯
¯ % ~ b v % ~

b v% ~

b Á { ¯
¯%~ c

v %~ c
v %~ c

v %~

v %~
v %~

ϭϭ͘
ĂͿ cos ²³ ~ cos c sen ~ cos c c cos ~ cos c b cos ~ cos c
ďͿ cos % c ~ sen2% c 3 ¯ cos % ~ sen2% c 3 ¯ cos % ~ cos2 c % b

3¯
¯ % ~ c % b b v % ~ c b % c b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ b v % ~ c b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ b v % ~ c b Á {

ϭϮ͘ Osen % À cos %O ¯ c sen % À cos % ¯ c sen % À cos % ¯
¯ c sen % ¯
¯ c
b %
b v
b %
b Á { ¯
¯ c
b % b v b % b Á {
~ ¦ 2 c

% v % 3 w % ¯

¯ % v %
~ ¦ 2 c
3
2 3
b % b v b % b w %¯
¯ % v

% w % ¯
¯ %
Solução:µÁ
´ r µ Á
´ r µ Á ´
ϭϯ͘ cos²(³cos²)³+cos²*³=sen²(³sen²)³ ¯ cos²(³cos²)³ c sen²(³sen²)³ ~ c cos²*³ ¯

¯ cos²( b )³ ~ c cos²*³ ¯ cos² c *³ ~ c cos²*³,oqueéverdade
¯ ~ j sen
ϭϰ͘
j

sen ~
¯ ~ j cos

j j

cos ~
¯ cos ~
j j
Área ~ d
~ cosd sen ~
~ sen cos ~ sen

ϭϱ͘
sen ~
¯ ~ sen
cos ~
¯ ~ cos
cos d sen
Área ~ d
~ sen cos ~
~ sen2
3 ~ d ~
~

ϭϲ͘
|
Designemospor asmedidasdosdoisladosiguaisepor amedidadoterceiroladodotriângulo.

sen ~
1
Á deondeconcluímosque} cos

c

Osângulosinternosiguaistêmamplitude
~
~

d ~
1
~

Comecemospordeterminarovalordesen 1 eposteriormenteovalordecos 1 .
~ sen2 c 3 ~ sen cos c sen cos ~ d c d ~
j j j
sen
j
j
~ c
~ cos2 c 3 ~ cos cos b sen sen ~

j j j

cos
d b d ~
j j

~ b
|
j
j
| j

j

8 9d

~ c

c ~
j j
j j

Vem,então} ¯ } ~ 8
9

¯

b d

b ~

j j
j
j
~ 4 b 5 d 4 c 5 d

d
~
~
~

|
|

————————
———————— | ————————
————————
¯} j j ¯} ¯ } ———————— ¯

————————

8 ~ ~
9 ~

~

c b c ~ ~

|

———————— | ————————

j j
¯ } ~ 8 d
¯ } ~ j b j

9
b
~~

~~
Operímetrodotriânguloé,então,
b
b 4j b j
5 ~ b 4j b j
5.

sen
~
¯ ~ sen
¯ ~

d
Área ~ ¯ d
~ ¯ ~ ¯

¯ ~ ¯ ~
¯ ~
cos
~ ¯ ~
cos
¯ ~
d ~ j e ~
~
j
~ b ² b ³ ¯ ~ b ²j b
³ ¯ ~ b ²j b ³ ¯
¯ ~ b ² b j b ³ ¯
¯ ~ b
j ¯ ~
² b j³ ¯ ~
k b j
b
b
k b j ~ b
k b j.

Vejamosque
k b j ~ j b j
.
k b j ~ j d j d k b j ~ j d k b j ~ j d k b j b ~
~ j d l4 b j5 ~ j d 4 b j5 ~ j b j
sen
~
¯ ~ sen
¯ ~

d d
Área ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ ~
¯ ~
Pelaleidoscossenos,vemque: ~ b c d d cos
¯ ~ c cos
¯
¯ ~ 2 c cos
3 ¯ ~ 4 b 5 ¯ ~ b
j ¯ ~
² b j³ ¯
j
¯ ~
k b j
como ~
b
b
k b j ~ b
k b j.
ϭϳ͘
Pelaleidoscossenosvemque: c j ~ % b c d d %cos
° ¯
¯ c j ~ % b c %cos ° c ° ¯ c j ~ % b b %cos ° ¯
¯ % b cos ° % b c b j ~ ¯ % b cos ° % c b j ~
Sabemosque:
j j j
cos² °³ ~ cos² ° c °³ ~ cos °cos ° b sen ° sen ° ~ d b d ~
j
j

~ b
Logo,% b cos ° % c b j ~ ¯ % b 4 5 % c b j ~ ¯

j
j
b
cj
cj f l4j
bj5 c d d4cbj5
¯ % b 4j
b j5 % c b j ~ ¯ % ~

¯
cj
cj f k
bbj b
cj cj
cj f k
bj cj
¯%~ ¯%~ ¯
cj
cj f

¯%~
j
cj
Como% ,vem% ~ c .

ϭϴ͘
Áreadacoroacircular ~ cos c sen ~ ²cos c sen ³ ~ cos

7 ²cos,sen );8²cos,);9²,sen ) Â 68 ~ cos Â 69 ~ sen
Ϯ͘>ŝŵŝƚĞƐĞĚĞƌŝǀĂĚĂƐĚĞĨƵŶĕƁĞƐƚƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂƐ
ϭϵ͘
~ j
j j
²sen %bcos %³ ²sen
bcos
³ 4 b 5 j
ĂͿ lim

% ~
d

~ ~
%¦
cos% b cos b cos

ďͿ lim %b ~ b ~ ~ c
~ c

%¦

ĐͿ lim c senc
%
sen% ~ ~ b ~ bB
%¦
ĚͿ lim %c

~ c
~
~
~
% ¦ c cos % c cos c ²c³

ĞͿ lim %
~
~
~
~ bB
% ¦ b cos% b cos b ²c³b b

tg22 3 3
ĨͿ lim %
%¦23
c tg% ~
c ~ bB

~

~
tg42 3 5
%
lim ~ ~
% ¦ 2 3

b tg% b cB
Logo,lim %
tg% ~ .
%¦
~ lim 2 %% b 3 ~ lim 2 b 3 ~ b lim

ϮϬ͘
% b sen % sen % sen % sen %
ĂͿ lim % % % % ~b~
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦
ďͿ lim
% c sen %
% ~ lim 2
%% c sen% % 3 ~ lim 2
c sen% % 3 ~
c lim sen %
% ~
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦
~
c d ~
ĐͿ % b sen %
lim % ~ lim 2 % b
d sen % 3 ~ lim 2 b
d sen % 3~
%¦ % ¦ % % %¦ %
sen %
~ b d lim % ~

b
d~
~
%¦
% b % lim % b
% b %
ĚͿ lim ~ lim %
sen % ~ %¦
sen % ~
~
% ¦ sen % %¦ % lim
%¦ %


~ d lim 2 sen% % 3 ~
c cos²%³ c cos %bsen % sen %
ĞͿ lim % ~ lim% ~ lim %
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦
4 lim sen% 5

~d ~ d ~
%¦ %
sen
%
sen
% sen
% sen &
ĨͿ lim % ~ lim
% ~
d lim
% ~
d lim ~
d~
%¦ %¦ %¦ & ~

% &¦ &
sen% sen% sen% sen &

ŐͿ lim % ~ lim % ~ d lim % ~ d lim & ~ d ~
%¦ %¦ %¦ & ~ % &¦
%
ŚͿ lim
%
~ lim sen %
%
~ lim
sen % ~
sen % ~
lim sen& &
~
~
% ¦ sen²%³ %¦ % %¦ % lim
% ¦ % & ~ % &¦

sen
%
sen
% sen
%

% dlim
ŝͿ lim sen sen % sen %
% ¦
%
lim sen % & ~ % Â ' ~
%
sen ²%³ ~ lim %
~ lim
%
~ ~
%¦ %¦ % %¦ % % ¦ %
sen '
dlim
'¦ '
~ lim sen &
~ d
~
&¦ &
sen%c sen%c sen &

ũͿ lim %c
~ lim ²%c³ ~ lim & ~
d~

%¦ %¦ & ~%c &¦
cos % cos2 b & 3 sen &

ŬͿ lim c% ~ lim c& ~ c lim & ~
% ¦ & ~ % c Â % ~ & b &¦ &¦
1
sen & sen & sen'
~ c lim
& ~ c
2 &lim & ~ c
2 'lim ' ~ c
d ~ c
&¦ ¦ '~ & ¦

1
d
&
& ¦ sen2
2&b 33
& & &
& ¦ sen
&b & ¦ sen
&
&
ůͿ lim %c
sen²
%³ ~ lim ~ lim ~ lim ~ lim sen ~
%¦ & ~%c &¦

¦ sen
&

&
~
&lim ~
&lim

sen
& ~
d
sen
& ~
d lim sen '

~
d~

¦
& lim '¦ '
& ¦
& ' ~
&
Ϯϭ͘

sen sen% sen%
ĂͿ lim ~ lim

~ lim % ~ lim % ~ d ~
%~ %¦ %¦

sen sen% sen% sen%
ďͿ lim ~ lim

~ lim
~ lim % ~
%lim % ~
d ~

% ~
Â ~ % %¦
d % %¦ ¦
lim ~ lim 2 sen 3 ~ lim

sen sen% sen%
ĐͿ

~ lim % ~ lim % ~ d ~
%~ %¦ %¦

lim ~ lim <2 3b sen:2 3 ;= ~ lim sen
:2 3 ;
sen:2 3 ;

ĚͿ 2 3 23 d

b ~ lim ~
sen:2 3 ;

2 3
sen%
~
lim ~
%lim ~
d~
%~2 3
¦ %


ϮϮ͘
ĂͿ Comoodomínioéumconjuntolimitado,aexistiremassintotasdográficode ,elassópoderão
serverticais.
Comoafunçãoécontínuaemtodooseudomínio(porseroproduto,quociente,diferençae
composiçãodefunçõescontínuas),apenasasretasdeequação% ~ e% ~ poderãoser
assíntotasdoseugráfico.
%sen % bcos²%³! %sen % bcos²%³!

ccos²%³! bcos²%³!
%sen %
lim ²%³ ~ limb ccos²%³ ~ limb ~ limb ccos ²%³ ~
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦
~ limb %sen % bcos²%³!

sen ²%³ ~ limb %sen %
sen ²%³dsen ²%³ d limb b cos²%³! ~
%¦ %¦ %¦

%sen % lim sen%
%
~ limb %
sen ²%³ sen ²%³ d2~ % ¦ b
d2 ~
%¦ % d % lim sen%
²%³ sen ²%³
d lim % & ~ %
% ¦ b % ¦ b

sen %
limb %
d
~ %¦
lim sen& & d lim sen& &
d2~ d d2~

& ¦ b & ¦ b
lim ²%³ ~ lim c %sen %

ccos²%³ ~ lim c <% d ccos²%³ =
sen %
~ lim c % d lim c sen %
ccos²%³ ~
sen & b
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦ %¦
ccos²& b ³
csen &
~ d lim c csen %
cos²%³ ~ d limc ~ d limc ccos²& b ³ ~
%¦ & ~%c &¦ &¦
sen & bcos²& ³!
ccos²& ³! bcos²& ³!
sen &
~ c d limc ccos²& ³ ~ c d limc ~
&¦ &¦
~ c d limc sen &

ccos ²& ³ d limc b cos²&³! ~ c d limc sen &
sen ²& ³ d~
&¦ &¦ &¦
sen &
sen &
~ c d limc sen ²& ³dsen ²& ³ ~ c d limc &
sen ²&³ sen ²&³ ~
&¦ &¦ & d &

limc & d limc sen& &
& ¦ d²cB³ d
~ c d
sen ²&³
&¦
sen ²&³ ~ c d
sen '
lim sen ' ~ bB
~ bB
limc & d limc & limc ' d & ¦ c '
d
&¦ &¦ ' ~ & '¦
Ográficode temapenasumaassíntotavertical,deequação% ~ .
• écontínuaemtodooseudomínio,logoécontínuaem:
Á ;
ďͿ TemͲse:

.
• 2
3 ~
sen

d

ccos ~ ~
,queémenordoque1
• 2
3 ~

c

sen

d

~ ~
,queémaiordoque1.
Logo,peloteoremadeBolzanoͲCauchy,aequação ²%³ ~ tem,nointervalo:
Á ;
ccos c

,
pelomenosumasolução.
Ϯϯ͘
ĂͿ limc ²%³ ~ limc %
ccos % ~ limc % bcos %
ccos %bcos % ~ limc < %
ccos % d b cos %= ~
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦
d limc b cos % ~ limc

%
% %
~ limc ccos % sen % d 2 ~ limc %
sen %
~ limc
sen %
~
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦ %
%¦ %
~ d
~
4 limc % 5

sen %
%¦

sen %
% btg % tg %
limb ²%³ ~ limb % ~ limb %
% b limb % ~ limb b limb cos%
% ~
%¦ %¦ %¦ %¦ %¦ %¦
~ b limb 2 sen% % d 1 3
cos% ~ b limb sen %
%
1
d limb cos % ~ bd ~ b
%¦ %¦ %¦
²³ ~
F b ~ ¯ ~ e ~
~
ďͿ Comoodomínioéumconjuntolimitado,aexistiremassíntotasdográficode,elassópoderão
serverticais.
Comoafunçãoécontínuaemtodooseudomínio(porserasoma,diferençaequocientede
funçõescontínuas),apenasasretasdeequação% ~ c e% ~ poderãoserassíntotasdo
seugráfico.
btg 22 3 3
c
% btg %

b²bB³

%¦ 23 %¦ 23
lim c
²%³ ~ lim c % ~
~
~ bB

%
lim ²%³ ~ lim ~ ~ ~ bB
% ¦ c % ¦ c
b b ccos % cc b
Ográficodetemduasassíntotasverticais,deequações% ~ c e % ~ .
TemͲse2 3 ~

btg
ĐͿ

~ b
,.

•écontínuaemtodooseudomínio,emparticularécontínuaem: c Á ;.
TemͲse,também:

•2 c 3~ ,9,queémaiordoque2 3.

ccos 2c c 2c 33

~
~
• ~ ,queémenordoque2 3.

Logo,peloteoremadeBolzanoͲCauchy,aequação²%³ ~ 2 3tem,nointervalo
: c Á ;,pelomenosumasolução.
Ϯϰ͘
ĂͿ ²% b ³ ~ cos 2 % b 3 c ²% b ³ ~ cos 2 % 3 c % c ~ ²%³ c
ďͿ
Comecemospordeterminarascoordenadasde7 ede8À

& ~ cos 4 5 c % c % ~ cos 4 5 c % cos 4 5 ~
% % %
H ¯ H ¯ H ¯
& ~ c% & ~ c% & ~ c%

cos 4 5 ~ cos 4 5 ~
% % %
¯H ¯H ¯H ¯F
~ b Á { % ~ b Á {

& ~ c% & ~ c% & ~ c% & ~ c %

Como% ´ c Á µ,vemque% ~ v % ~ c .
Peloque7 ² c Á ³ e8²Á c ³,logo9 pertenceàbissetrizdosquadrantesímpares.
Designemospor²Á ³ ascoordenadasde9 ,com À
7 8 ~ k b b c c ~ j ~ j
7 9 ~ j ¯ k b b c ~ j ¯ b b c ~ ¯
¯ b b b c b ~ ¯ c
~ ¯ c ~ ¯ ~
Como Á vem ~ j .Ascoordenadasde9 são 4j Á j 5.
• écontínuaems,emparticularécontínuaem: Á ;.

ĐͿ TemͲse:

• 2 3 ~ cos 2
3 c ~ d c , ,queémaiorque.
• 2 3 ~ cos 2 3 c ~ d c ~ c c , ,queémenordoque.
: Á ;,pelomenosumasolução.
Logo,peloteoremadeBolzanoͲCauchy,aequação ²%³ ~ tem,nointervalo
cos 4 % 5c%

ĚͿ + ~ sb ²%³ ~ ²%
%
³
~ %
Comoodomínioéumconjuntolimitadoinferiormente,aexistiremassíntotasdográficode,
elaspoderãoserverticaisounãoverticais(quando%tendepara b B).
Comoafunçãoécontínuaemtodooseudomínio(porseradiferença,produto,quocientee
composiçãodefunçõescontínuas),apenasaretadeequação% ~ poderáserassíntota
verticaldoseugráfico.
cos 4 % 5c% cos 0

limb ²%³ ~ limb % ~ 0b ~ 0b ~ bB
%¦ %¦
Aretadeequação% ~ éassíntotaverticalaográficode.
cos 4 % 5c%
< % d cos 4 % 5 c = ~

~ lim ²%³ ~ lim % ~ lim
% ¦ bB % % ¦ bB % ¦ bB
< % d cos 4 % 5= c ~ c ~ c

~ lim
% ¦ bB ¨
²%³ ~ cos 4 % 5éumafunçãolimitadaentre e;lim

=0
% ¦ bB %
cos 4 % 5c%
²%³ b %! ~ lim @ b %A ~ lim < % d cos 4 % 5 c % b %= ~

~ lim %
% ¦ bB % ¦ bB % ¦ bB
~ lim < % d cos 4 % 5= ~

% ¦ bB
Aretadeequação& ~ c %éassíntotaaográficode.
Ϯϱ.
²b³c ²³ sen²b³csen²³ senc sen

ĂͿ Z ²³ ~ lim ~ lim ~ lim ~ lim ~
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦

Z 2 3 ~ lim
2 b3c2 3 cos2 b3ccos cos coscsen senccos
ďͿ ~ lim ~ lim ~
¦ ¦ ¦
~ lim 4 5
cos cosccos sen sen cos cosccos sen sen
c ~ lim c lim ~
¦ ¦ ¦
j j
~ c cos lim ccos
c sen lim sen
~ c lim ccos

bcos
cos c d~
¦ ¦ ¦ b
j j j j
cos
cos
lim 4 sen bcos 5

~ c lim c
b c ~ c d
c ~
¦ ¦
j j j j j
lim sen

~ c d lim
c ~ c ddc ~ c
¦ ¦ bcos
Ϯϲ.
Z 2 3 ~ lim
2 b 3c 2 3
ĂͿ ~ lim sen b csen ~ lim csen c0 ~ c lim sen
~
sen
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
sen &
~ c lim ~ c lim & ~ c d ~ c
¦ & ~ &¦
ďͿ ~ Z 2 3 ~ c Â & ~ c % b

Aretacontémopontodecoordenadas2 , 2 33.
2 3 ~ sen ~
Substituindo,vem ~ c d b ¯ ~ .Aequaçãoreduzidadaretaé,então,
& ~ c % b .
Ϯϳ.
ĂͿ b % b sen %Z ~ b cos %
c % b % c
cos % ~ c b % b
sen %
Z
ďͿ
ĐͿ % cos %Z ~ cos % c % sen %
ĚͿ sen % cos %Z ~ cos% d cos% b sen %² c sen %³ ~ cos % c sen % ~ cos²%³
ĞͿ 2 sen % b cos % 3Z
~
sen % b cos %Z ~
cos % c sen % ~ cos % c sen %

ĨͿ tg % c %Z ~
cos % c ~ tg % b c ~ tg %
4 b % c b % tg %5 ~ %
c 2% 3Z b c b tg% b % d
Z Z
%
%
ŐͿ c

cos % ~
~
d
% c
d % b b tg% b % d
cos % ~ % c % b b tg % b %
cos %
ŚͿ 2 % b cos % 3Z
~
d ² c sen %³ ~ c sen %


4 5 ~
Z
% b sen %
ŝͿ

d ²% b cos%³ ~ % b cos %
sen % ~ sen% d ²sen %³Z ~ sen % cos % ~ sen²%³

Z
ũͿ
sen % c sen % ~ cos% c sen % d ²sen %³Z ~ cos% c sen % d cos% ~

Z
ŬͿ
~ cos%² c sen %³ ~ cos% d cos % ~ cos %
ůͿ 2sen % b cos %3Z ~ sen % cos % b cos %² c sen%³ ~ sen % cos % c cos % sen% ~
~ sen % cos %²sen % c cos %³ ~ c d sen % cos %²cos % c sen %³ ~
~ c sen²%³cos²%³ ~ c sen²%³
ŵͿ 2 sen % 3Z
% ~ cos %d % c sen%
% ~ % cos % c sen %
%
ŶͿ 2 cos% % 3Z ~ cos % c % ²csen %³

cos % ~ cos % b % sen %
cos %
2 %bbsen
cos % 3Z c sen % b sen %c²% b cos %³dcos% c sen %c% cos% c cos %
b sen % b sen %
ŽͿ % ~ ~ ~
b sen %
~ c 1c% cos%
~ c b% cos sen %
%
2 b cos 3Z ~
b cos %
sen %
ƉͿ
%
2 jcos %3Z ~
jcos % jcos %
csen % sen %
ƋͿ ~ c
ƌͿ sen²% c ³Z ~ cos²% c ³
4 cos4 % 55 ~ c sen4 % 5d4% 5 ~

Z Z
c %
c %
c %
ƐͿ

% c
% ~ % c % sen4 %

5d 5

c %
c %
~ c sen4 %
4 % 5
4tg4 55 ~
Z
Z
% %
ƚͿ
cos 4 % 5 cos 4 % 5
~
ƵͿ 2cos 2 % 33Z ~ cos 2 % 32cos 2 % 33Z ~ cos 2 % 32 c sen 2 % 33 2 % 3Z ~
~ c cos 2 % 3sen 2 % 32 c 3
% ~
% d cos 2 % 3sen 2 % 3 ~ % sen2 % 3
4 5 ~ d cos²%³ b %² c sen²%³³ ~ cos%c % sen%

Z
% cos²%³
ǀͿ


Ϯϴ.
~ limc < b =~b~

²%³ c ²³ %b sen²%³csen bsen sen²%³
ĂͿ TemͲse:limc %c ~ limc
% %
%¦ %¦ %¦
limb ²%³ c ²³

%c ~ limb sen²%³csen %csen bsen
% ~ limb < sen%% c sen %
% =~
%¦ %¦ %¦
~ limb < d sen%

% c sen% % = ~ d limb
sen%
% c limb sen% % ~
%
%¦ %¦ %¦
~ d limb sen% c~ d limb sen& & c~dc~
%¦ & ~ % &¦
Portanto, Z ²³ ~ .
ďϭͿ Se% Á Z ²%³ ~ sen²%³ c sen %Z ~ cos²%³ c cos%.

~ Z ²³ ~ cos²
³ c cos²³ ~ c ~
& ~ % b
Opontodecoordenadas²Á ²³³pertenceàretaÀ
²³ ~ sen²
³ c sen ~
Substituindo,vem ~ d b ¯ ~ c .
Aequaçãoreduzidadaretaé& ~ % c .
Se c % Á Z ²%³ ~ 2% b sen²%³3 ~ b cos²%³ d ~ b cos²%³.

Z
ďϮͿ
Paraasretasseremparalelasosdeclivestêmdeseriguais.
b cos²%³ ~ ¯ cos²%³ ~ ¯ % ~ Á { ¯ % ~ Á {
Logo,% ~ c .Oponto 7 terácoordenadas² c Á ² c ³³.
² c ³ ~ c b sen² c ³ ~ c
Ascoordenadasde7 sãoentão² c Á c ³.
Ϯϵ.
c sen ²c%³
ĂͿ D% + Á ² c %³ ~ c% b cos ²c%³ ~
c% b sen %
b cos % ~ c % c sen %
b cos % ~ c ²%³
éumafunçãoímpar.
ďͿ Comoodomínioéumconjuntolimitado,aexistiremassíntotasdográficode ,elassópoderão

serverticais.
Comoafunçãoécontínuaemtodooseudomínio(porserasoma,diferençaequocientede
funçõescontínuas),apenasasretasdeequação% ~ c e% ~ poderãoserassíntotasdoseu
gráfico.
c c sen c
b cos % ~ b cos 2cb 3 ~ bcb ~ b ~ c B
sen %
lim b ²%³ ~ lim b % c c c
% ¦ c % ¦ c
c sen
b cos c bcb
% c sen %
lim ²%³ ~ lim c b cos % ~ ~
~
b ~ bB
% ¦ c %¦
Ográficode temduasassíntotasverticais,deequações% ~ c e% ~

ĐͿ Z ²%³ ~ 2 % c sen %
b cos %
3Z ~ c cos % b cos %c% c sen %²csen%³
b cos %
~ c cos %b% sen %csen %
b cos %
~
b cos %
% sen %
~
b cos %
% sen %
Nointervaloµ c Á ´, Z ²%³ ~ ¯ ~ ¯ %sen% ~ ¯ % ~ v sen% ~ ¯
¯%~

c
% n.d. c b n.d.
sen% n.d. c b n.d.
b cos % n.d. b b b n.d.
Z ²%³ n.d. b b n.d.
²%³ n.d. Á Á n.d.
écrescenteemµ c Á énãotemextremosrelativos.
ϯϬ. Z ²%³ ~ b sen %

Z ²%³ ~ b sen %
Z ²³ ~ Z ²³ ¯ b sen ~ b sen ¯
¯ sen ~ c ¯ sen ~ c ¯ ~ c
Z 2 c
3 ~ b sen 2 c
3 ~ c ~ ~ Z 2 c
3
Odeclivedasretase é.
Areta contémopontodecoordenadas2 c
, 2 c
33eareta contémopontode
coordenadas.
2 c
, 2 c
33
2 c
3 ~ j b 2 c
3 c cos 2 c
3 ~ j c c d ~ c
j

2 c
3 ~ j b 2 c
3 c cos 2 c
3 ~ j c c d ~ c
j

Relativamenteàretasabemos,então,quetemdecliveecontémopontodecoordenadas
2 c
, c 3.
& ~ % b ,substituindovem:
c
~ 2 c
3 b ¯ ~ c

Umaequaçãodaretaé& ~ % c
ÀAretaintersetaoeixo6&nopontode
ordenada c
.
% c

~¯%~

Aretaintersetaoeixo6%nopontodeabcissa

.
Relativamenteàreta sabemosquetemdecliveecontémopontodecoordenadas
2 c
, c 3.
& ~ % b ,substituindovem:
c
~ 2 c
3 b ¯ ~ c
Umaequaçãodareta é& ~ % c À
Areta intersetaoeixo6&nopontodeordenada c .
% c
~ ¯ % ~

Areta intersetaoeixo6%nopontodeabcissa
.

Aáreapretendidaéadiferençaentreasáreasdosdoistriângulos.

d d
Área ~ c ~

~
c ~
ϯϭ.
ĂͿ Z ²%³ ~ cos % c sen %
Z ²%³ ~ ¯ cos % c sen % ~ ¯ cos % ~ sen % ¯
¯ ~ sen %
cos% w % £ ¯

¯ tg% ~ w % £
Z 2 3 ~ cos c sen ~ c £
Para% : Á ;,tg% .Como ,concluímosque Z nãoseanula.
Para% : Á ;,cos % e c sen % ,logo Z ²%³ Á D% : Á ;.
édecrescenteem: Á ;.
•omáximodafunçãoé2 3 ~ sen b cos ~ b ~ .

Portanto,

•omínimodafunçãoé ~ sen b cos ~ c ~ c .
•écontínuaem: Á ;porserasomaeprodutodefunçõescontínuas.
ďͿ TemͲse:

•2 3 ~ ,queémaiordoque.
• ~ c ,queémenordoque.
Comoédecrescenteem: Á ;,ozerodafunçãohéúnico.
Logo,peloteoremadeBolzanoͲCauchy,afunçãohtempelomenosumzero.
Para ~ ,temͲse²%³ ~ ¯ sen % b cos % ~ ¯ sen % b cos % ~ ¯

¯ sen % b cos % ~ ¯ sen % ~ c cos % ¯ tg% ~ c ¯ % ~ ,peloque* 2 Á 3.
ĐͿ

TemͲse7 2 Á 3e8Á c ,donde7 8 ~ 2 Á c 3.
Odeclivedareta7 8 éassim c ~ c
.

&~ c
% b .Comoaretacontém,porexemplo,oponto8,vem:
c ~ c d b ¯ ~
Peloqueareta7 8temequação& ~ c % b .
Como ~ c d b ,temͲsequeoponto* pertenceàreta7 8.

ϯϮ͘
ĂͿ Z ²%³ ~ sen %cos %
Portanto, Z ²³ ~ sen cos ,peloquearetatemequação& ~ sen cos %.
Como(²Á sen ³vem:sen ~ sen cos ¯ sen ~ cos ,queéequivalentea
tg ~ .
Logo,ésoluçãodaequaçãotg % ~ %.

ďͿ

tg
SabeͲsequetg ~ ¯ ~ .
tg sen
sen d sen d sen sen
Áreadotriângulo[OAB] ~ ~
~ cos
~ cos
ϯϯ.
ĂͿ Para c % , écontínuaporserasomadeduasfunçõescontínuas.
Para % , écontínuaporseroprodutoecomposiçãodefunçõescontínuas.
lim ²%³ ~ lim c 2 % b cos %3 ~ b cos ~ b ~

lim b ²%³ ~ lim b 2 sen2
c %33 ~ sen2
3 ~ d
% ¦ c %¦

~
%¦ %¦
²³ ~ b cos ~ b ~
Logo, écontínuaemtodooseudomínio.
ďͿ Para c % , ²%³ ~ % b cos % Â Z ²%³ ~ c sen %

Z ²%³ ~ 0 ¯ c sen % ~ 0 ¯ sen % ~
Nãoexistenenhumvalorde %pertencenteaointervalo´ c Á ´ cujosenoseja ,portanto,
nointervalo´ c Á ´,aderivadade nãoseanula.
Para % , ²%³ ~ sen2

c %3.
Z ²%³ ~ c cos2
c %3
Z ²%³ ~ 0 ¯ c cos2
c %3 ~ 0 ¯ cos2
c %3 ~ 0 ¯
¯
c % ~ b Á { ¯
¯ % ~
c b Á { ¯ % ~ c b Á { ¯ % ~
2 c 3 ~ b cos 2 c 3 ~
c
c
~ c b ~ c
2 3 ~ sen2
c 3 ~
%
~ d sen2 c 3 ~ c

c sen %
c cos2
c %3
b b
~ sen2
c 3 ~
c b b
~ d sen2 c
3 ~ c
Z ²%³ b b c b b
²%³ c Á Â c Á c
écrescenteem: c Á ;eem: Á ;eédecrescenteem:Á ;.

temmínimorelativoem c eem .
Independentementede terounãoderivadanoponto,sabemosqueécontínuaeme
que temmáximorelativoem.Emtambémexistemáximorelativo.

• écontínua,emparticularécontínuaem: c Á ;.
ĐͿ TemͲse:

• 2 c 3 ~ c ,queémenordoque.
• ~ ,queémaiordoque.
Logo,peloteoremadeBolzanoͲCauchy,afunção tempelomenosumzero em: c Á ;.

Como écrescentenesteintervalo,estezeroéúnico.
ĚͿ Aequaçãoreduzidadaretaédaforma& ~ 2 c sen 3% b .Comoopontode

coordenadas²Á ³pertencea,vemque ~ 2 c sen 3 b ¯ ~ 2 sen c 3.
Aequaçãoreduzidadaretaé & ~ 2 c sen 3% b 2 sen c 3.
AordenadadopontodeinterseçãodestaretacomoeixoOyé 2 sen c 3.
Comoézerodafunção vem ²³ ~ ,peloque b cos ~ ,queéequivalentea
~ c cos .
c cos 2 sen c 3,queéigualacos c sen²³.

Portanto,aordenadadopontodeinterseçãodareta comoeixoOyé
ϯϰ͘
ĂͿ Para % , écontínuaporserasomaecomposiçãodefunçõescontínuas.Para
% , écontínuaporserasomaecomposiçãodefunçõescontínuas.
lim c ²%³ ~ lim c b ln% c ~ b ln ~ b ~
lim b ²%³ ~ lim b % b cos% c ~ b cos ~ b ~
%¦ %¦

%¦ %¦
²³ ~ b cos ~ b ~
Logo, écontínuaemtodooseudomínio.
ďͿ Umavezqueodomíniode éumconjuntomajoradoeminorado,ográficode nãoadmite

assíntotasnãoverticais.Umavezque écontínuaemµÁ µ,oseugráfico,aadmitirassíntota
vertical,talapenaspoderáocorrerpara% ~ À
lim b ²%³ ~ lim b b ln% c ~ b ln b ~ b c B ~ c B
%¦ %¦
Ográficode temumaassíntotavertical,deequação% ~ .
ĐͿ Para% µÁ µ, Z ²%³ ~ % b cos% c Z ~ c sen% c .

Z ²%³ ~ ¯ c sen% c ~ ¯ sen% c ~ ¯ % c ~
b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ b b Á {
NointervaloµÁ µ, Z ²%³apenasseanulapara% ~ b

.

% b
Z
²%³ b b b

²%³ Á b Á b cos
Independentementede terounãoderivadanoponto,sabemosqueécontínuaem,equeÁ
nointervalodado, temmínimorelativopara% ~ .
écrescenteem Á !.

lim" ~ lim: c sen2 3; ~ lim< c
sen2 3
ĚͿ = ~
&~
~ lim b 4 c & 5

sen &
~ c c ~ b
&¦ ¨
sen%
Gráficode²%³ ~ %
lim ²" ³ ~ lim b ²%³ ~ lim b b ln% c ~ b ln b ~ b c B ~ c B

%¦ %¦
ĞͿ Para% µÁ ´, Z ²%³ ~ b ln% c Z ~
Z 2 3 ~ c
%c

~ ~

2 Á 2 33.
Umaequaçãodareta!serádotipo& ~ % b .Comoaretapassapelopontodecoordenadas
vem 2 3 ~ b ln2 c 3 ~ b ln2 1 3 ~ c ln()

c ln ~ d b ¯ ~ c ln
Aequaçãoreduzidadareta!seráentão& ~ % c ln ().
~ % c ln () ¯ % ~ ln () ¯ % ~ ln() ¯ % ~ ln() ¯ % ~ ln(j).

Ascoordenadasde8são²Á c ln ()³.

Ascoordenadasde7 são4ln(j)Á 5.
Ascoordenadasde9 sãoentão ² c ln (j)Á c ln ()³.
ϯϱ.
ĂͿ lim ²%³ ~ lim c % c % c ~ c c ~ c

lim b ²%³ ~ lim b % c sen% ~ c sen ~
% ¦ c %¦

%¦ %¦
²³ ~ c c ~ c
Logo, c ~ ¯ ~ .
ďͿ TemͲse² c ³ ~ b c ~ Á etemͲse

•écontínuaemtodooseudomínio,emparticularécontínuaem:
Á ;.
•2
3 ~ c sen2 3 ~ c Á ,queémenordoque .
j

• 2 3 ~ c sen ~ ,queémaiordoque .
Logo,peloteoremadeBolzanoͲCauchy,em:
Á ;,aequação²%³ ~ ² c ³tempelo
menosumasolução.

ĐͿ Afunçãoécontínuaem= c BÁ
=,logooseugráficonãoadmiteassíntotasverticais.
Comoodomínioéumconjuntomajorado,apenaspoderáexistirumaassíntotanãoverticaldo
gráficode quando%tendepara c B.
% c%c
~ lim 2 % c c % 3 ~ cB
%
lim ²%³% ~ lim

c c cB ~ c
²%³ b % ~ lim % c % c b % ~ lim % c ~ c ~ c
% ¦ cB % ¦ cB % % ¦ cB
lim
% ¦ cB % ¦ cB % ¦ cB
Ográficodetemumaassíntotaoblíqua,deequação& ~ c % c .
ĚͿ Para% ,Z ²%³ ~ % c % c Z ~ % c .

Z 2ln2 2 33 ~ ln2 3 3 c ~ 2
2
3 3 c ~ c 3
Para % ,Z ²%³ ~ % c sen%Z ~ c cos%.

Z ²³ ~ c coseZ ²³ ~ c c ~ ,vementãoque c cos ~ ¯
¯ cos ~ c ¯ cos ~ c ¯ ~
3
2
3 b v ~ 3 b Á { ¯
¯ ~ 3 b v ~ 3 b Á {
Como :Á ;,vemque ~ .
ϯϲ͘ Z ²%³ ~ % b sen %; ZZ ²%³ ~ b cos %

ZZ ²%³ ~ ¯ b cos % ~ ¯ cos % ~ c
¯%~

%

ZZ ²%³ n.d. b c n.d.
²%³ n.d. PI n.d.
Ográficode temaconcavidadevoltadaparacimanointervalo= Á
=evoltadaparabaixo
nointervalo< Á <.Opontodeabcissa épontodeinflexãodográficode .
ccos%²csen %³ sen %
ϯϳ͘ Z ²%³ ~
cos % c Â ZZ ²%³ ~ cos % ~ cos %
Para% = c
Á
<Á ZZ ²%³ ~ ¯ sen %
cos % ~ ¯ sen% ~ ¯ % ~ .
% c

ZZ
²%³ n.d. c b n.d.
²%³ n.d. P.I. n.d.
Ográficodetemaconcavidadevoltadaparabaixonointervalo= c
Á =evoltadapara
cimanointervalo<Á
<.Opontodeabcissaépontodeinflexãodográficode.
ϯϴ͘
ĂϭͿ 7 ²cosÁ sen³ Â 8² c cosÁ sen³ Â 7 8 ~ c cos

²³ ~ c cos d sen ~ c sen²³
altura ~ sen

ĂϮͿ ²³ ~ ¯ c sen²³ ~ ¯ sen²³ ~ c ¯ ~ c
b Á { ¯
¯ ~ c b Á { ¯ ~
j j j
ĂϯͿ = Á
<Á ²³ ~ ¯ c sen²³ ~ ¯ sen²³ ~ c ¯
¯ ~ c b v ~ c b Á { ¯
¯ ~ c
b v ~ c b Á { ¯ ~
67 ~ 98 ~ ;7 8 ~ c cos ~ c 2 c 3 ~
Operímetroéentãoiguala b ~ .
ďϭͿ 69 ~ 7 8 ~ c cos,logo:9 ~ b c cos

altura ~ sen
²³ ~ b ²ccos ³ b ²ccos ³ d sen ~ c cos sen ~ sen c sen²³
ďϮͿ ²³ ~ sen c sen²³ Â Z ²³ ~ cos c cos²³

Z ²³ ~ ¯ cos c cos²³ ~ ¯ cos²³ ~ cos ¯
¯ ~ b v ~ c b Á { ¯ ~ v ~ Á { ¯
¯ ~ v ~ Á {
Como = Á <,vemque ~
.Para = Á <, ²³
Z
epara = Á <,
Z ²³ ,logoafunçãotemmáximopara ~
.
:9 ~ b c cos;98 ~ ;7 8 ~ c cos

:² c Á ³ Â 7 ²cosÁ sen³ Â
:7 ~ kcos b b sen ~ jcos b cos b
b sen ~
~ j cos b
Perímetro ~ :9 b 98 b 87 b 7 : ~
~ b 2 c cos 3 b c cos b k cos b ~
~ b 2 c 2 c 33 b c 2 c 3 b k 2 c 3 b ~
~ b b b b j c b ~ b j
ϯϵ͘
ĂͿ 7 ²cosÁ sen³,odeclivedareta67 é sencos ,peloqueodeclivedareta!será c
cos
sen .
cos
! ¢ & ~ c sen % b
cos
Como7 !,vemquesen ~ c sen cos b ¯

cos sen b cos

¯ ~ sen b sen ¯ ~ sen ¯ ~ sen
cos
Aequaçãoreduzidadareta!é& ~ c sen % b sen e6) ~ sen .

Determinemosaabcissadopontodeinterseçãodareta!comoeixo6%:
cos
~ c sen
% b sen ¯ % ~ cos ,logo6( ~ cos .

d
²³ ~ cos

sen
~
sen²³
c cos²³
ďͿ Z ²³ ~ sen ²³
cos²³
Z ²³ ~ ¯ c sen ²³ ~ ¯ cos²³ ~ ¯ ~
b Á { ¯
¯~
b Á {¯ ~

2

3~
sen2d

3 ~
sen ~

%

Z
²%³ n.d. c b n.d.
²%³ n.d. Â Á n.d.
Aáreaémínimapara ~
e,nessecaso,aáreaé.
ϰϬ͘
ĂͿ ²³ ~ b
cos b d sen ~ b
10,3
ďͿ sen²!³ b sen²!³ b ! cos²!³ ~ ! cos²!³

Z ²!³ ~ c
Z
²!³ ~ ¯ ! cos²!³ ~ ¯ ! ~ v cos²!³ ~ ¯ ! ~ v ! ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ! ~ v ! ~ b Á { ¯ ! ~ v ! ~ v ! ~
2 3 ~ b cos2 3 b sen2 3 ~ b ~ Á
2 3 ~ b cos2 3 b sen2 3 ~ c ~ Á
²³ ~ b cos²³ b sen²³ ~ b
%

Z ²!³ b c b b

²!³ b 10,3 Á Á Â Á Á b 10,3
Adistânciamáximafoiatingidanointante0,5efoide10,5m.
Adistânciamínimafoiatingidanointante1,5efoide8,5m.
ĐͿ
Á
Â Á
Â c Á minutos;0,8 d 60=48
Durante48segundosadistânciaentre( e) foiinferiora9,5m.
ϰϭ͘
ĂͿ lim ²!³ ~ lim b ,c,02 ! sen ! ~ b Á lim c,02 ! sen ! ~ b Á d ~
! ¦ bB ! ¦ bB ! ¦ bB ¨
TemͲsequeafunçãodefinidaporc,02 ! tendepara0,quando!tendepara b B.
Comoafunçãodefinidaporsen !élimitada,afunçãodefinidaporc,02 ! sen ! tendepara0,
quando!tendepara b B.Logo,lim ²!³ ~ À
! ¦ bB
Interpretação:comopassardotempo,adistânciadaesferaaochãodasalatendeaigualar 1
metro.
ďͿ ²!³ ~ ¯ b ,c,02 ! sen ! ~ ¯ ,c,02 ! sen ! ~ ¯

¯ c,02 ! sen ! ~ ¯ sen ! ~ ¯ ! ~ Á {
£
~ ¦ ! ~ Â ~ ¦ ! ~ Â ~ ¦ ! ~ Â ~ ¦ ! ~
~ ¦ ! ~ ¤ ´Á µ
Duranteosprimeirosdezsegundos,adistânciadaesferaaochãodasalafoiiguala1metro por
4vezes.
Z ²!³ ~ ¯ b ,c,02 ! sen ! ~ ¯

Z
ĐͿ
¯ b ,c,02 ! sen ! b ,c,02 ! sen !Z ~ ¯
Z

¯ c , d ,02c,02 ! sen ! b ,c,02 ! cos ! ~ ¯
¯ ,c,02 ! c ,02 sen ! b cos ! ~ ¯
¯ c ,02 sen ! b cos ! ~ ¯
sen !
¯ ,02 sen ! ~ cos ! ¯ cos
! ~ ,02 ¯ tg ! ~
¨
osvaloresde!queanulamcos! nãosãosoluçõesdaequação
ĚͿ arctg ² ³ µ Á ééoúnicovalorqueanulaaderivadanointervaloµ Á úmavezque

arctg ² ³ b ¤ µ Á éarctg ² ³ c ¤ µ Á ´.
Afunção temderivadafinitaemtodosospontosdoseudomínioecomoéditoqueno
intervalo µ Á ´,afunção temummáximorelativo,ovalorde!paraoqualessemáximoé
atingidoéarctg ² ³ 1,55.
ϯ͘KƐĐŝůĂĚŽƌĞƐŚĂƌŵſŶŝĐŽƐĞĂƐĞŐƵŶĚĂůĞŝĚĞEĞǁƚŽŶ
ϰϮ͘
ĂͿ +Z ~ ´ c c O
OÁ c b O
O µ ~ ´ c Á µ
ďͿ Operíodopositivomínimoiguala OO ~ .
ĐͿ ²%³ ~ ¯
sen2% c
3 c ~ ¯ sen2% c
3 ~ ¯
¯ % c
~
b v % c
~
b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ b v % ~ b Á { ¯ % ~ b v % ~
b Á {
Como% ´Á µ,vem% ~ v % ~ v % ~ v % ~ .
ĚͿ 2 3 ~
sen2 c
3 c ~
sen2 c
3 c ~
d 2 c 3c~ c
Opontodeinterseçãotemcoordenadas2 Á c
3.

ĞͿ


ĨͿ

; ~ Â d ( ²%³( ~
¯ ( ²%³( ~ ¯ ²%³ ~ v ²%³ ~ c ¯
¯
sen2% c
3 c ~ v
sen2% c
3 c ~ c ¯

¯ sen2% c
3 ~ v sen2% c
3 ~ ¯
¯ % c
~ b v % c
~ Á { ¯
¯ % ~ b v % ~
b Á { ¯ % ~ b v % ~

b Á { ¯
Como% ´Á µ,vemque % ~
.
ϰϯ͘
ĂͿ +Z ~ ´ c ((Á b ((µ ~ ´ c Á µ
ďͿ ((

Períodopositivomínimo ~ ~
Z ²%³ ~ cos²% b ³ b Z ~ c sen²% b ³ d b ~ c sen²% b ³

Z 2 3 ~ c ¯ c sen² b ³ ~ c ¯ sen² b ³ ~ ¯
ĐͿ

¯ b ~
b v b ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ~
c b v ~
c b Á { ¯
¯ ~ c
b v ~ c
b Á {
Como : Á ;,vemque ~
.
ĚͿ ²%³ ~ ¯ cos2% b

3 b ~ ¯ cos2% b
3 ~ c ¯
¯ % b
~ b v % b
~ b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ c b v % ~
b Á { ¯
¯ % ~ c b v % ~ b Á {
Como% ´Á µ,vemque % ~

v % ~ v % ~

v %~
.
ĞͿ ; ~ .Designemospor%(com% ´Á µ³aabcissadoponto(À

Ascoordenadasde(são,então,²%Á ²%³³.
Ascoordenadasde) são,então,²% b Á ²%³³.
Abase´()µmedeeaalturadotriângulomede(²%³(.
(´(6)µ ~ ¯ d(²%³( ~ ¯ (²%³( ~ ¯ bcos2% b
3 b b ~ ¯
¯ cos2% b
3 b ~ v cos2% b
3 b ~ c ¯
¯ cos2% b
3 ~ v
cos2% b
3 ~ c ¯ cos2% b
3 ~ ¯
Condiçãoimpossível
¯ % b
~ Á { ¯ % ~ c b Á {
Como% ´Á µ,vemque % ~ .

+ ~ B% s ¢ % b £ 2 b Á {C
ϰϰ͘
ĂͿ
%
b ~ 2 b ¯ % b ~
b ¯ % ~ b ¯ % ~

b
+ ~ B% s ¢ % £ b Á {C
(4) (6) ²³

+Z ~ s
ďͿ Períodopositivomínimo ~ b b ~

Z ²%³ ~ 2 tg2 % b 3 b 3Z ~ d

cos 2 3 cos 2 % b 3
ĐͿ
%

b~

b
cos 2 b 3
Z
² ³ ~ ¯
~¯
~¯
j
~¯
~¯~
4c 5

cos
²³ ~ tg2 b 3 b ~ tg b ~ ² c ³ b ~ c

Aretadeequação& ~ % b c passapelopontodecoordenadas²Á ²³³,dondevem
que c ~ b c ¯ ~ .
ĚͿ ; ~
cos 2 %b 3 cos 2 b % b 3 :ccos2 3;
Z ²% b ³ ~

b ~
~
%
~
b
cos 2 % b 3
~
~ cos 2 % b

3 ~ ²%³logotambéméperíododafunção Z
Z

ϰϱ͘
ĂͿ #²³ ~ , c , cos ~ Á c Á ~ Á dm
#²³ ~ , c , cos ~ Á c ~ Á dm
ďͿ Períodopositivomínimo ~ bb ~

Significado:otempoentreduasinspiraçõesconsecutivasé4segundos,ouseja,umciclo
completoinspiração/expiraçãodemora4segundos.
ĐͿ +#Z ~ ´Á c ( c Á ( Â Á b ( c Á (µ ~ ´Á Á Á µ

#²!³ ~ Á ¯ , c , cos ! ~ Á ¯ cos ! ~ ¯
¯ ! ~ Á { ¯ ! ~ Á {
#²!³ ~ Á ¯ , c , cos ! ~ Á ¯ cos ! ~ c ¯ !
~ b Á { ¯
¯ ! ~ b Á {
Umainspiraçãodemorasegundos.
ĚͿ Á c Á ~ 0,74dm
ĞͿ #²!³ Á
w ! ´Á µ
, c , cos ! Á
¯ cos ! ¯
¯ c b ! c b v b ! b Á { ¯
¯ c b ! c b v b ! b Á { ¯
¯ c b ! c b v b ! b Á {

c b ! c
b v
b ! b Á { w ! ´Á µ
! µ Á
´

c
~
Á segundos
ϰϲ͘
ĂͿ +Z ~ ´
c Á
b µ ~ ´Á µ
Aprofundidadedaáguadomar,nessediaenesselocal,quandoocorreumamaréalta
émetros.
ďͿ ²!³ ~ ¯
b cos2
! b 3 ~ ¯ cos2
! b 3 ~ ¯

! b
~ Á { ¯
¯

!b
~ Á { ¯ ! ~ c b Á {
Como! ´Á ´,vemque! ~ v ! ~ .
Aprimeiramaréaltaocorreàshoras.
ĐͿ ²!³ ~ ¯
b cos2
! b 3 ~ ¯ cos2
! b 3 ~ c ¯

! b
~ b Á { ¯
¯

!b
~ b Á { ¯ ! ~ b Á {
Como! ´Á ´,vemque! ~ v ! ~
.
Asegundamarébaixaocorreàs
horas.
ĚͿ ²!³ ¯
b cos2
! b 3 ¯ cos2
! b 3 c
¯
¯ c
b

!b

b Á { ¯
¯ c
b

!b

b Á { ¯ c b ! b b Á { ¯
¯ c
b ! b Á {
Como! ´ Á Â ´,nessedia,obarcopoderásairdoportoapartirdashoras.
ϰϳ͘
ĂͿ Odia26demaioéo
.º diadoano( b b b b
³.
²
³ ~ ,
b ,
sen, d
b , Á

OtempoquedecorredonasceraopôrͲdoͲsol,nodia26demaioé,aproximadamente,horas
e minutos.
OnascerdoSol,nessedia,ocorreàshoraseminutos(horaseminutos c horase
minutos)
ďͿ
Osdiasdoano,emqueotempoquedecorredonasceraopôrͲdoͲsoléinferiora10h30min
são:
•dodia1aodia30(inclusive) ¦ 30dias( c b )
•dodia319aodia365(inclusive) ¦ 47dias(
c b )
Ototalédedias ( b ).
ϰϴ͘
ĂͿ
! ~ c ,
sen ~ c
~

.Quando % ~ ,aTerraacaboudedescrevermetade
daórbita,oquedemoroumeioano.
ďͿ +Z ~ ´ Á

c , Â Á
b Á µ ~ ´Á Â Á µ
Distânciamáxima:152,1milhõesdequilómetros.
Distânciamínima:147,1milhõesdequilómetros.
ĐͿ
Eixomaior:299milhõesdequilómetros
Distânciaentreosfocos:5milhõesdequilómetros
ĚͿ Dodia dejaneiroàs horasaodia defevereiroàs horasvão diase

horas,istoé,
Á dias.
1ano TT
Á dias
!anosTT Á dias
Á
!~
Á anos
Á

Á ~
% c ,
sen %

Recorrendoàcalculadoragráfica,vamosresolverestaequação.
~ ,
c , cos Á Á
AdistânciaaqueaTerraseencontravadoSolàs20horasdodia25defevereirodesseanoera
de148,1milhõesdequilómetros.
ϰϵ͘
ĂͿ Amplitude:6 Pulsação: Fase:
ďͿ Período: ~

Frequência:
ϱϬ͘
ĂͿ Amplitude:8 Pulsação:
Fase:
ďͿ Período: ~ Frequência:

ĐͿ %²³ ~ cos

~ d
~
ĚͿ %²!³ ~ c ¯ cos2

! b 3 ~ c ¯ cos2
! b 3 ~ c ¯
¯
! b ~ b v
! b ~ b Á { ¯
¯
! b ~ b v
! b ~ b Á { ¯
¯ ! b ~ b v ! b ~ b Á { ¯
¯ ! ~ b v ! ~
b Á {
Como! ´Á µ,vemqueosinstantesemqueaabcissadopontoPéiguala c são:
2,6,14e18(segundos).
ĞͿ %²!³ ~ ¯ cos2

! b 3 ~ ¯ cos2
! b 3 ~ ¯
! b ~ b Á { ¯
¯
! b ~ b Á { ¯ ! b ~ b
Á { ¯ ! ~ b
Á {
Como! ´Á µ,vemqueopontoPpassapelaorigem vezes(nosinstantes:Á Á e18).
%²!³ ~ f ¯ cos2
! b 3 ~ f ¯ cos2
! b 3 ~ f ¯
! b ~ Á { ¯
ĨͿ +Z ~ ´ c Á µ

¯
! b ~ Á { ¯ ! b ~
Á { ¯ ! ~ c b
Á {
Como! ´Á µ,vemqueosinstantesemqueadistânciadopontoPàorigemémáximasão:
4,10e16(segundos).

ŐͿ %²!³ ¯ cos2
! b 3 ¯ cos2
! b 3 ¯
¯ b
! b b Á { ¯
¯ b
! b b Á { ¯
¯ b ! b b Á { ¯
¯ b ! b Á {
Como! ´Á µ,vemqueosintervalosdetempoemqueopontoPtemabcissanegativasão:

µÁ éµÁ ´.
cos2
²b³b 3c cos2
b 3
ŚͿ % Z ²³ ~ lim %²b³c%²³
~ lim ~
cos2
b
b 3c cos2
b 3 cos2
b 3c cos
¦ ¦
~ lim ~ lim ~
~ c lim 4 5~
¦ ¦
csen
c sen
sen
~ lim ~ c lim

d
¦ ¦ ¦
sen
~ c
lim
¦ ~ c
lim sen
&¦ &
&
~ c

&~
%Z ²!³ ~ 2 cos2
! b 33 ~ c sen2
! b 3 d
~ c sen2
! b 3
Z
ŝͿ
%Z ²!³ ¯ c sen2
! b 3 ¯ sen2
! b 3 ¯
¯ b
! b b Á { ¯
¯ b
! b b Á { ¯
b ! b b Á { ¯
¯ b ! b Á {
Como! ´Á µ,vemqueosintervalosdetempoemqueavelocidadedoponto7 épositiva

são:µ Á éµ
Á µ.
ϱϭ͘
ĂͿ Período:4
Período ~
Pulsação ¯~
Pulsação ¯ Pulsação ~
%²!³ ~ ( cos 2 ! b 3
H %²³ ~
¯H ¯H ¯H
%²³ ~ c ( ( cos ~ c ( cos ~ c cos ~ c
( cos b ~
¯
c ( cos ~
( ~
¯H
~
Fase:Amplitude:
( ~
ďͿ TemͲse%²!³ ~
cos2 ! b 3.Portanto,
%²! b ³ ~
cos: ! b b ; ~ c
cos: ! b ; ~ c
cos2 ! b 3 ~ c %²!³
%Z ²!³ ~ 2
cos2 ! b 33 ~ c
sen2 ! b 3 d ~ c sen2 ! b 3
Z
ĐͿ
¯ c sen2 ! b 3 ~ d
cos2 ! b 3 ¯

j j
%Z ²!³ ~ %²!³

¯ sen2 ! b 3 ~ c j cos2 ! b 3 ¯ tg2 ! b 3 ~ c j ¯
¨
porqueosvaloresde! paraosquaiscos2 ! b 3 ~ 0nãosãosoluções,umavezquenãoanulamsen2 ! b 3
¯
!b ~ c
bÁ { ¯
!b~ c
b Á { ¯
¯
!~ c
b Á { ¯ ! ~ c b
Á { ¯ ! ~ c
b Á {
Assoluçõessãoosvaloresde! queverificam:! ~ c
b Á { w ! ´Á µ
Ouseja: ! ~
v !~
v !~
v !~

ϱϮ͘
ĂͿ Período ~ c ~ Â ( ~
Período ~ $ ¯ ~ $ ¯ $ ~
²!³ ~ cos2 ! b 3e ² ³ ~
2 b 3 ~ ¯ cos2 b 3 ~ ¯
Vem,então:

cos

b ~ Á { ¯
¯ ~ c b Á {
Como ´Á ´,vemque ~ .
Aexpressãoanalíticadafunção é,assim, ²!³ ~

cos2 ! b

3.
ďͿ Amplitude: Pulsação: Fase: Período: Frequência:
TemͲse%²!³ ~ sen2 ! b
3 ~ cos2 ! b 3 ~ cos2 ! b 3.
ϱϯ͘
ĂͿ

b

Portanto,trataͲsedeumosciladorharmónico.
ďͿ Amplitude: Pulsação: Fase: 53 Período ~

~

Frequência:
ϱϰ͘
j4 b5
ĂͿ 4 cos²$!³ b 5 sen²$!³ ~ j4 b5 4 cos²$!³ b 5 sen²$!³! ~
~ j 4 b 5 < j4 4 cos²$!³ b j4 b5
5
sen²$!³= ~
~ j4 b 5 cos À cos²$!³ b sen À sen²$!³! ~ j4 b 5 cos²$! c ³

b5
j j j j
ďϭͿ cos ~ jb

~ esen ~ jb

~ Á logo ~ b Á {
j cos²$!³ b j sen²$!³ ~ j b cos2$! c b 3 ~ cos2$! c b 3 ~
~ cos2$! b 3

j j
ďϮͿ cos ~ jb esen ~ jb ~ c Á logo ~ c
c
~ b Á {
cos²$!³ c sen²$!³ ~ j b cos2$! b 3 ~ jcos2$! b 3


j j
ďϯͿ cos ~ jb
~ c esen ~ jcb ~ c Á logo ~ b Á {
c
c cos²$!³ c j sen²$!³ ~ j b cos2$! c b 3 ~ cos2$! b 3
j j
ďϰͿ cos ~ jb esen ~ jb
c
~ c ~ Á logo ~ b Á {
c cos²$!³ b sen²$!³ ~ j b cos2$! c b 3 ~ jcos2$! b 3

ĐϭͿ cos ~ jb esen ~ jb

~ ~ Á logo Á b Á {
cos²!³ b sen²!³ ~ j b cos! c Á b ~ cos! b Á

ĐϮͿ cos ~ j b
esen ~ j b
c
~ ~ c Á logo c Á b Á {
cos²!³ c sen²!³ ~ j b
cos! b Á ~ cos! b Á

ϱϱ͘
j j j j
ĂͿ cos ~ jb
~ esen ~ jcb ~ c Á logo ~ c b Á {
%²!³ ~ j cos2 !3 c j sen2 !3 ~ j b cos2 ! b 3 ~ cos2 ! b 3
Portanto,trataͲsedeumosciladorharmónico.
ďͿ Amplitude:Pulsação: Fase: Período ~

~
Frequência:
ĐͿ %Z ²!³ ~ c d sen2 ! b 3 ~ c sen2 ! b 3

%ZZ ²!³ ~ c d cos2 ! b 3 ~ c cos2 ! b 3

%ZZ ²!³ ~ 0 ¯ c
cos2 ! b 3 ~ ¯ cos2 ! b 3 ~ ¯
¯ ! b ~ b Á { ¯ ! b ~ b Á { ¯

¯ ! b ~ b Á { ¯ ! ~ b Á {
Como! ´Á µ,vemque! ~ .Para! ´Á ´Á %ZZ ²!³ e,para! µÁ µÁ %ZZ ²!³ .
Logo,%Z écrescentenointervalo´Á µ,decrescentenointervalo´Á µetemummáximo
para! ~ À
OinstanteemqueavelocidadedopontoPatingeoseuvalormáximoéaos10segundos.
ϱϲ͘
j b j esen
~ j1b ~ j Á logo ~ Á
b Á {
2
ĂͿ cos ~ ~
%²!³ ~ cos, ! b sen, ! ~ j cos, ! c Á

b ~ j cos, ! b Á
Logo,trataͲsedeumosciladorharmónico.
3,2
ďͿ Frequência ~ 2 0,51
ϱϳ͘
ĂͿ ~ Â ~ Â ~ ~ ~
Logo,vem% ²!³ ~ c
%²!³.
ZZ
ďͿ $ ~ j ~
ĐͿ %²³ ~ c
ĚͿ %²!³ ~ ( cos²
! b ³ Â %²³ ~ c ¯ ( cos ~ c
ĞͿ %Z ²!³ ~ ( cos²

! b ³Z ~ c
(sen²
! b ³
ĨͿ %Z ²³ ~ c
ŐͿ %Z ²³ ~ c ¯ c
(sen ~ c ¯ (sen ~
ŚͿ ( cos ~ c ¬ ( cos ~

comcos
( sen ~ ¬ ( sen ~ comsen
Sabemos,então,que eque( cos b ( sen ~
b .
( cos b sen ~ ¯ ( ~ e,como( ,vemque( ~ .
ŝͿ %²!³ ~ cos²

! b ³com
Sabemos,também,que sen ~ ,istoé,sen ~
,peloque c Á
Á .
Peloque%²!³ ~ cos²
! b Á ³.
ũͿ Amplitude: Pulsação:

Fase:Á
ŬͿ Período ~

1,047Frequência ~
Á
ϱϴ͘
~ b j
Á cm
j
ĂͿ ²³ ~ b sen
~ b d
ďͿ ²!³ ~
¯ b sen2 6 ! b 3 ~
¯ sen2 6 ! b 3 ~ c ¯
¯ 6 ! b ~ c
b v 6 ! b ~
b Á { ¯
¯ 6 ! b ~ c
b v 6 ! b ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ! b ~ c b v ! b ~ b Á { ¯
¯ ! ~ c b v ! ~ b Á {
Como! ´Á µ,vemque! ~ v ! ~ v ! ~ .
ĐͿ
intervalo[7,8].TemͲseque²³ ~ b sen2 6 b 3 ~ b sen ~ c ~ e
TemͲse que a função é contínua em todo o seu domínio, em particular, é contínua no
²³ ~ b sen2 b 3 ~ b sen ~ b 4 c 5 ~ c j ,,

j
6
peloque²³ , ²³.
Portanto,peloteoremadeBolzanoͲCauchy,E ´Á µ ¢ ²³ ~ , .
ĚͿ +Z ~ ´ c Á b µ ~ ´Á µ

Distânciamínima:2cm
Distânciamáxima:18cm
ĞͿ Pontodeequilíbrio ¦ b

%²!³ ~ ²!³ c ~ sen2 6 ! b 3 ~ cos2 6 ! b 3 ~ cos2 6 ! b 3
~

b

Amplitude:Pulsação:
Fase:

Período ~ ~ Frequência:


ϭ͘EŽĕĆŽĚĞƉƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂ
ϭ͘
ĂͿ TemͲse,paraqualquer%pertencenteas:
- Z ²%³ ~ ²% c ³ % ! Z ~ ²% c ³Z % b % Z ²% c ³ ~
~ % b % ²% c ³ ~ % b % % c % ~ % % ~ ²%)
ďͿ ŽŵŽD % s͕- Z ²%³ ~ ²%³͕ĚŝǌͲƐĞƋƵĞ- ĠƵŵĂƉƌŝŵŝƚŝǀĂĚĞ ͕Ğŵs͘
- ²%³ ~ % (porexemplo), porque- Z ²%³ ~ % ~ % ~ ²%³

Z
Ϯ͘
.²%³ c .²³
ϯ͘ lim %c ~ . Z ²³ ~ ²³ ~ ln ~
%¦
ϰ͘ Odeclivedaretaé- Z ²³ ~ ²³ ~ b

b ~ ,aretaédotipo& ~ % b epassa

noponto(.
~ b ¯ ~ ,logoaequaçãoreduzidadaretaé& ~ % b .
ϱ͘ Seja umafunçãoímpar,primitivávelemseseja- umaprimitivadafunção .

TemͲse,então,paraqualquer%real:
- ²%³ c - ² c %³!Z ~ ²%³ c c %Z ² c %³ ~ ²%³ c ² c ³ ² c %³ ~

Como,paraqualquer %real, - ²%³ c - ² c %³!Z ~ ,concluímosqueafunçãodefinidaem s
~ ²%³ b ² c %³ ~ ²%³ c ²%³ ~

por- ²%³ c - ² c %³éconstante.
Portanto,existeumnúmeroreal talqueD % sÁ - ²%³ c - ² c %³ ~ .
Emparticular,para% ~ ,vem:- ²³ c - ² c ³ ~ ¯ - ²³ c - ²³ ~ ¯ ~
Portanto,D % sÁ - ²%³ c - ² c %³ ~ ,peloqueD % sÁ - ² c %³ ~ - ²%³.
Concluímos,assim,que- éumafunçãopar.
ϲ͘
ĂͿ TemͲse,paraqualquer%pertencenteas:
- Z ²%³ ~ % c% b Z ~ ²% c% ³Z b Z ~ ²% c% ³Z b ~
~ ²% c% ³Z ~ c% b % c% ² c ³ ~ c% c % c% ~ c% ² c %³
ďͿ - ²³ ~ ¯ c b ~ ¯ ~ c


ϳ͘
TemͲse: - Z ²%³ ~ 4j% b 5 ~ % b
Z Z
j% b
ĂͿ ~ j% ~ j% b
%
~
% j% b % j% b j
% b
j% b j% b

% % b

4j% b5
~ ~ ~ % b ~ ²%³
Como- Z ²%³ ~ ²%³,vemque- éumaprimitivade .
TemͲse: . Z ²%³ ~ ln% b ! ~ % b

Z
Z
ďͿ % b ~ %
% b ~ ²%³
Como. Z ²%³ ~ ²%³,vemque.éumaprimitivade.
ĐͿ ²%³ % ~ % j% b b %

% ~ % %%bb
j
% b %
% ~
~ % j% b
% b %%b % ~ j% b b ln% b b Á s
% b % b
% b

¨
pelasalíneasanteriores
ϴ͘
ĂͿ 7 ² ³ ~ % b Á s
%
ďͿ 7 ²% b ³ ~ 7 ²%³ b 7 ²³ ~ d b % b ~ % b % b Á s
% %
ĐͿ 7 ²
% c % b ³ ~
7 ²% ³ c 7 ²%³ b 7 ²³ ~
d cd b%b ~
~ % c % b % b Á s
ĚͿ 7 2 % 3 ~ 7 ²%c ³ ~ %c b
c b b ~ c %c
b~ c
% b Á s
7 4 % %b 5 ~ 7 ²% ³ b 7 2 % 3 ~ 7 ²% ³ b 7 %c ~

ĞͿ
% %cb %
~ b cb b ~ c
% bÁ s

7 2j% c 3 ~ 7 2j % 3 c 7 2 3 ~ 7 4% 5 c 7 2 3~

% b
ĨͿ
c
%b ~
j% c

% j%
b

~ %
c
%b ~

%b ~ c
% b Á s

7 4 j % b j % 5 ~ 7 4j % 5 b 7 4 j % 5 ~ 7 4% 5 b 7 4 % 5 ~

ŐͿ

% b b
~ d b d % b b ~ d %
b ~ b d %
j j % b ~ %j % b %j

b
~ d

% b d

% b Á s
7 4 %jb% 5 ~ 7 4 j 5 b 7 4 j% 5 ~ 7 4% c 5 b 7 4% c 5 ~

ŚͿ %
%
~ 7 4% 5 b 7 4% c 5 ~

% b %c b
b c b ~ % b %
b ~
~ j% b j% b ~ j j

b b
% % b % b Á s
% c j% 2% c j %3 2% c j % 3
ŝͿ 7 <% c % b j% = ~ 7 <% c 2% b j%3 2% c j%3 = ~
2 % c j %3 2 % c j % 3 2% c j%3
~ 7 <% c % c% = ~ 7 >% c %²%c³ ?~

5 ~ 7 2% c j% b 3 ~
2 % c j %3 % c%j%b%
~ 7> % ? ~ 74 %
~ 7 ²%³ c 7 4% 5 b 7 ²³ ~

% % b
cd b%b ~
j % b % b ~

b

% %
~ cd %
b%b ~ cd
%j% b % b Á s

%
~ c

ϵ͘
ĂͿ 7 ² % b ³ ! ~ ² %b³
b Á s
ďͿ 7 %²% c ³ ! ~ ²% c ³

b Á s
ĐͿ 7 ²% b % c ³²% b % c % c ³

! ~ ²% b% c%c³
b Á s
ĚͿ 7
%²% c ³ ! ~ 7 %²% c ³ ! ~ d ²% c³
b Á s
ĞͿ 7 : % ²% b ³ ; ~

d 7 :% ²% b ³ ; ~
d ²% b³
b ~
²% b³
~ b Á s

ĨͿ 7 :% b ²% b % b % b ³ ; ~ 7 :% b
% b ²% b % b % b ³ ; ~
~ d 7 :% b % b ²% b % b % b ³ ; ~
²% b % b%b³ ²% b % b%b³
~
d b ~ bÁ s
? ~ d 7 < j% d 2j% b 3 = ~ d

2j% b 3 ²j% b ³
7 > j%

ŐͿ
b ~
²j% b ³
~
b Á s
7 2j% b 3 ~ 7 4 % b 5 ~

²%b³ b ²%b³
ŚͿ b ~ b ~
k% b b ~
b
%bj%b %bj%b

~
b ~ b Á s
7 :% j ²% b ³ ; ~ 7 <% ²% b ³ = ~ d 7 <% ²% b ³ = ~

ŝͿ

²% b³ b ²% b³
~
d b ~
d b ~
d k% b b ~
b

d ²% b ³ b ~
~ d
d % b k% b b Á s

~

ũͿ 7 4%j% b b
% j

% b 5 ~ 7 4%j% b 5 b 7 4
% j

% b 5 ~
~ 7 4%% b 5 b 7 4
% % b 5 ~

d 7 4%% b 5 b d 7 4 % % b 5 ~

~

²% b³ b ²% b³ b ²% b³ ²% b³
~
d bd b ~
d bd b ~
b b

d k% b b d d k% b b ~

~ d
d % b j% b b d % b j

~

% b b Á s
74
b j%
j%
k j% b 5~d7 4
b j%
k j% b 5~
j%
ŬͿ % %
j% b 5 2j% b 3 5 ~

~ d 7 44 j 5k 5 ~ d 7 44 j

%
b

%

%
b

%

d k2j% b % 3
2j% b % 3 b 2j% b % 3

~d b ~d b ~d b ~
d 2j% b j% b

3k
b

~

%

%
b Á s
ůͿ 7 : % ² % c ³ ; ~ d 7 : % ² % c ³ ; ~
d ² % c³
b ~
~
d ² % c ³ b Á s
7 <% b % % b % = ~ ²% b% ³

ŵͿ b Á s
7 : % b %
j ² % b % ³ ; ~ d 7 < % b %
² % b % ³ = ~

ŶͿ

2 % b% 3 b
d 7 < b % ² b % ³ = ~

~

%
%

d
b
b ~
b ~ k % b % b ~
2 % b% 3

~ d
~ 2 % b % 3k % b % b Á s

ŽͿ 7 2 ln (%)
%
3 ~ 7 2 % d ln (%)3 ~ ln (%)
b ~ ln (%)
b Á s
ƉͿ 7 cos % À sen % ~ 7 2cos % À sen % 3 ~ ²sen %³

b ~ sen
%

b Á s
ƋͿ 7 cos % À sen % ~ ²sen %³

b ~ sen %
bÁ s
7 4 jsen 5 ~ 7 4cos % sen % 5 ~

cos % c
²sen %³c b ²sen %³
ƌͿ b ~ b ~
~ d jsen% b Á s
% c b

7 2 sen % c 3 ~ 7 4 cos
sen % cos % 5 ~ 7 4 sen % 5 ~
cos %

%csen %
ƐͿ
~ 7 2cos % sen %c 3 ~ d 7 2 cos % sen %c 3 ~

cos %

~ d sen cb
% sen %c

cb
b ~
d c b ~
~ c sen % b Á s

ϭϬ͘
ĂͿ 7 ²4% c % b % ³ ~ 7 ²4% ³ c 7 ²% ³ b 7 ²% ³ ~
~ 7 ²% ³ c 7 ²% ³ b 7 ²% ³ ~

~ % c d % b d % b ~ % c % b % b Á s

ďͿ 7 %c ~ %c b Á s
7 4% % b 5 ~ d 7 4 % % b 5 ~

ĐͿ

d % b b Á s
ĚͿ 7 c% ~ c 7 c c% ~ c c% b Á s
% b j% % b j%
74 % bj % 5 ~ d 7 4 % bj % 5 ~

ĞͿ
j%
% %
~ d 7 44% b 5 % bj% 5 ~ d 7 44% b j%

5 % bj % 5 ~

~ % bj% b Á s
%

ĨͿ 7 sen % cos % ~ sen % b Á s
ŐͿ 7 b tg % tg % ! ~ 7 : cos % tg % ; ~ tg % b Á s
ŚͿ 7 ccos % sen % ~ 7 ccos % sen % ~ ccos % b Á s
ŝͿ 7 sen % cos % cos%! ~ 7 : sen % cos % d

d sen%Z ; ~
~ 7 < sen % cos % 2 sen%3 = ~

Z

~ 7 : sen % cos % sen % cos%Z ; ~ sen % cos % b Á s
7 <sen sen%sen %= ~ 7 <sen sen % cos%sen %= ~

ũͿ % %
~ 7 <sen sen % cos%= ~ d 7 <sen sen % cos%= ~

%

%

~
d sen %
b Á s
7 2 % c 3 ~ 7 2 % 3 c 7 ~ 7 2 % 3 c 7 ~ ln(%( c % b Á s

ϭϭ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿ 7 2 %
3
~ 7 2 %
3
c 7 2 %
3
7 2 % 3 c
7 2 % 3 ~ c
7 2 % 3 ~
~ c
ln(%( b Á s
c % ~

ĐͿ 7 2 %

c % 3 ~ 7 2 %
3
c 7 2 % 3 ~ 7 2 % 3 c 7 % ~
~ ln(%( c d % b ~ ln(%( c

d % b Á s
7 2 % b % 3 ~ 7 2 % 3 b 7 2 % 3 ~ 7 2 % 3 b 7 %c ~ ln(%( b %cb b ~

cb
ĚͿ
~ ln(%( b %c b ~ ln(%( c % b Á s
c
7 < %c = ~ 7 4 % c%b 5 ~ 7 2% c b 3 ~ 7 % c 7 b 7 2 % 3 ~

ĞͿ
c % b ln(%( b Á s
% % %
%
~
ĨͿ 7 2 %
%
b
3 ~ ln(% b ( b ~ ln% b b Á s
7 4 %%c
%c 5~ d 7 4 % c
%c 5~ d ln(% c
% c ( b Á s

ŐͿ c

% c


7 4 %c
bc% 5 ~ d 7 4 % bc% 5 ~ d lnb% b c% b b ~
% c% % c%
ŚͿ c
~ d ln2% b c% 3 b Á s

7 2 % ln % 3 ~ 7 4 ln%% 5 ~ ln(ln %( b Á s

ŝͿ
ũͿ 7 2 %% b
c sen % 3
cos % ~
d 7 2 % c sen % 3
% b cos % ~
d ln(% b cos %( b ~
¨

d ln% b cos % b Á s
% ésempremaiordoque c cos%, peloque% b cos % Á D% s
~

ŬͿ 7 b tg % ~ 7 ²³ c 7 2 ccos

sen % 3
% ~ % c ln(cos%( b Á s
7 < cos % ²b tg % b tg %³ = ~ 7 > btg % b tg % ? ~ 7 > ?~

b tg %
b tg % b tg % d
ůͿ cos % cos % cos %
btg % b tg %
~ ln( b tg % b tg %( b Á s
ŵͿ 7 tg²%³! ~ 7 < sen

cos % = ~ c
%
d 7 < ccos % = ~
sen %
d ln(cos²%³( b Á s

~ c

7 < bcossen % == d 7 < b sen% == d ln( b sen²%³( b Á s

% cos%
ŶͿ
7 < sen % bcos

sen% b sen²%³ cos
=~ c7 <
csen % c sen% c sen²%³ cos
=~

% %
ŽͿ %b cos %b cos % cos %b cos %b cos %
~ c 7 < csen % c cos =~

% sen % c d cos% sen % cos
cos %b cos %b cos %
%
~ c 7 < csen % c cos% sen % c cos % sen %

=~

~ c lnbcos % b cos % b cos %b b Á s
cos %b cos %b cos %
7 2 csen % 3
~ 7 2 3 c
ϭϮ͘
ĂͿ 7 sen %

~ %b cos % b Á s
ďͿ 7 2 cos % b sen % 3= 7 cos % b 7 sen %

~
sen % c
cos % b Á s
ĐͿ 7 % c
sen²%³! ~ 7 % b 7 c sen²%³! ~ d %
b cos % b ~
~ % b cos % b Á s

7 4 5 ~ 7 2 3 b 7 2 cos 3~
%
b cos
ĚͿ

%

%b %
sen b Á s
ĞͿ 7 2cos % c sen %3 ~ 7 cos % c sen %cos % b sen % ~ 7 cos % c sen % ~
~ 7 cos % ~ 7 cos % ~ sen % b Á s

ĨͿ 7 cos % ~ 7 cos % cos % ~ 7 c sen % cos % ~ 7 cos % c sen % cos % ~
~ 7 cos % c 7 sen % cos % ~ 7 cos % c 7 sen % cos % ~
~ sen % c sen3 % b Á s
Ϯ͘EŽĕĆŽĚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů
ϭϯ͘
ĂͿ ďͿ

ĐͿc ²%³ % ~ d
~ 18

ϭϰ͘
ĂͿ ďͿ

ĐͿ ²%³ % ~
b
d~
ϭϱ͘
c % b % ~

d
~9

ϭϲ͘
bb b
d
~ ¯ ² b ³ d
~ ¯ b ~ ¯ ~ c

ϭϳ͘
c j c % % ~
d
~

ϭϴ͘
²%³ % ~ d c d
~ c

ϭϵ͘
ĂͿ TemͲse:
% c
²%³ ¯ % c % ¯ % c % b ¯ % c
2 3
Á oqueéverdade
paraqualquernúmeroreal%.
²%³ % c
¯ % % c
¯ % c % b
¯ % ´Á µ
¨
j
% c % b
~ ¯ % ~ f cdd
¯ % ~ v % ~
¯ % ~ f

Portanto,D % ´Á Â Á µÁ % c
²%³ % c
.
ďͿ ²%³ % c
,peloque
D % ´Á Â Á µÁ % c
Á 2 % c 3 % Á ²%³ % Á % c
%
Á Á Á


Á 2 % c
Á 3 % ~ Á bÁ
d Á ~ Á % c
% ~
Á Á bÁ
d Á ~ Á

Logo, Á ²%³ % Á .

Á

Arredondadoàsunidades,vemÁ ²%³ % ~ .
Á
ϮϬ͘
²%³ c ²%³! Z ~ Z ²%³ c Z ²%³ ~ ln % c : d ln (%) b % d % c ; ~ ln (%) c ln (%) ~
TemͲse,paraqualquer%pertencenteaointervalo´Á b B´,
Z ²%³ ~ 4 ln ² b ! c ³ !5 ~ ln ² b b sen % c ³ d b sen %Z ~

bsen % Z
Ϯϭ͘
~ ln ² b b sen % c ³ d cos %
~ Z ²³ ~ ln ² b b sen c ³ d cos ~ ln () d ² c ³ ~ c
ϮϮ͘
%²% b ³ % ~ < = ~

²% b³ ² b³ ² b³
ĂͿ c ~ c ~

% j c % % ~ c d ² c ³ % c % % ~ > c d ? ~

² c% ³ b
ďͿ
b

~>cd ? ~ < c ² c % ³ = ~ : c j² c % ³ ;

² c% ³

~
~ < c ² c % ³j c % = ~ c ² c ³j c b ² c ³j c ~

~ c b d d ~
% % ~ c % % ~ < c % = ~ c b ~ c j

ĐͿ
%
c
%
% ~ b % ~ % b ln(%(! ~ b ln() c c ln() ~ b c c ~

ĚͿ %b
%

%
% ~ ln(% ln(%)(! ~ ln( ln( )( c ln( ln()( ~ ln (( ln(
ln( )(

)( ~ ln ln() ~

b ln (%) d ln()
ĞͿ % ln (%)
~ ln( ) ~ ln() ~ d ~

sen²%³ cos % % ~ sen % cos % % ~

ĨͿ
~ c c sen % cos % % ~ < c d = ~

cos %

cos cos
~ cd bd ~d
~


% ~ sen % cos % % ~ c c sen % cosc % % ~ < c = ~

sen % coscb %
ŐͿ c
~ cosc %! ~ : cos

;
cos % cb

% ~

cos c
cos ~

c~c~
cos²%³ sen % % ~ cos % c sen % sen % % ~

ŚͿ
~ cos % c b cos % sen % % ~ cos % c sen % % ~

~ cos % sen % c sen % % ~ < c b cos%= ~

cos %

cos cos
~ c b cos
b c cos ~
j j
5d4

~ c
b bd
c~
j j cj j cj bjc

cd
~ b b
c~ b c
~ ~
j c j

~
~ c
Ϯϯ͘

% c % b % ~ < c % b %= ~

%

ĂͿ c
b c b c ~

cos²%³ % ~ d cos²%³ % ~ : sen²%³; ~

ďͿ
sen2 3 c sen2
3 ~
j j c

~

d c
d
~
ĐͿ
% ~ ln(%(! ~ ln() c ln() ~ c ~
%
ĚͿ ln() % % ~ % !ln() ~ ln() c ~ c ~

tg % % ~ % ~ c % ~ c ln(cos%(! ~

sen% csen%
ĞͿ cos% cos%
~ c lnbcos b b lnbcos b ~ c ln4 5 b ln4 7 ~ ln2j3

j
j
5 ~ ln 6
4

sen % % ~ ccos%

ĨͿ % ~

¨
cos ²%³ ~ cos % c sen % ~ c sen % c sen % ~ c sen %

ccos%
~ 2 cos ²%³ 3% ~ 2 d cos ²%³ 3% ~

cos ²%³ ~ c sen % ¯ sen % ~

c
c
~: d sen ²%³; ~

%c

j

~
c
d sen c b
d sen

~
c
c
b
d ~
j j

~
c

c b ~ b c

% ~ j% ¯ % ~ % ¯ % c % ~ ¯ %²% c ³ ~ ¯ % ~ v % c ~ ¯
Ϯϰ͘
ĂͿ
¯ % ~ v % ~ ¯ % ~ v % ~

Área ~ j% % c % % ~ < = c< = ~< % = c < = ~

% b % %

b

~
c
c b ~
c
~

cfjcdd²c³
ďͿ c % ~ % b ¯ % b % c ~ ¯ % ~ ¯%~ cf
¯
¯%~ c v %~
Área ~ c c % % c c % b % ~ < % c = c< b %=

% %
~
c c
~ c
b b c
c
cb
c
~

Ϯϱ͘ j
j %c % c %c % ~ ln () ¯
¯ j d d ² % c ³c % c d % ~ ln () ¯
>j d c b ? c d ln(% c (! ~ ln () ¯

%c
%c

c b

¯

¯ <j d d % c = c d ln(% c (! ~ ln () ¯

¯ <j d j % c = c d ln(% c (! ~ ln () ¯

¯ j d j c j d j c d ln() b d ln() ~ ln () ¯
¯ c c d ln() b ~ ln () ¯
¯ c ln() ~ ln () ¯ ~ ln () ¯ ~ ln () ¯ ~ ln ( )

Ϯϲ͘
ĂͿ (²Á cos ³ Â )² c Á cos c ³ ~ ² c Á cos ³, com µÁ µ

base ¦ Â altura ¦ cos ,logo cos

~ Á ¯ cos ~ Á .
Vamosresolverestaequaçãocomrecursoàcalculadoragráfica.
Vemque Á .
ďͿ
Aáreadoretânguloformadopelospontosdecoordenadas² c Á ³ Á ²Á ³ Á ²Á cos³e

² c Á cos³ éodobrodaáreadotriângulo´6()µ,istoéÁ .Aáreapretendidaé,então,
cÁ
Á
²%³ % c 0,8.
Á ²%³ % c 0,8 ~ Á cos% % c 0,8 ~ sen% !Á

cÁ c 0,8 ~
~ senÁ c sen c Á c 0,8 ~ senÁ c 0,8 ~ ,
cÁ cÁ
²%³ b ²%³! % ~ ²%³ % b ²%³ % ~

Ϯϳ͘
~ ²%³ % b ²%³ % ~ d b ~

Áreareferida ~ ²%³ % c ²%³ % ~ ²%³ % b c ²%³ % ~

Ϯϴ͘
~ ²%³ c ²%³! %

Ϯϵ͘ ²%³% ~ c ²%³% ~ c

ϯϬ͘ % ~ c % ~ c % ~ c ln(%( ! ~
~ c d ln() c ln() ~ c
% % %
²%³ b %!% b ²%³% ~ ²%³% b % % b ²%³% ~

ϯϭ͘
~ % % b
²%³% ~ < % = c
²%³% ~

~ c c
d ² c
³ ~
c
b
~
b c % ~ ln(% b ( ! c ~

c
ϯϮ͘
% b %% b % ~
~ ln( c b ( c ln( b ( ~ ln( ) c ln() ~ c ~
%b

ϯϯ͘ c

²%³% ~ c ²%³% b ²%³% ~ c % % b % b % ~

~ % !c b % b % ! ~ c c b b c b ~ c

ϯϰ͘
²%³% ~ ²%³% b ²%³% ~

~ sen % % b cos % % ~ c cos % ! b sen % ! ~

~ c j
j j

~ c cos b cos b sen c sen ~ c bbc
ϯϱ͘
²%³% ~ ²%³% b ²%³% ~ % % b 2 b ln (%) 3

% ~
~ % % b 2 b 3
%
~ % ! b <% b = ~

ln (%)
% ln (%) %
ln

ln ( ) ln ()

~ c b b
cc
~ b b
c~

~ b b c ~

ϯϲ͘
c b senO%O % ~ c % b c senO%O % ~

~ c % b c sen² c %³ % b sen % % ~

~ c
c sen % % b sen % % ~ % !c b cos % !c b c cos % !

% b ~

~ b b cos c cos 2 c 3 c cos b cos ~

b
b c b b ~
c

~
b ~ b

ϯϳ͘
ĂͿ ďͿÁreadotriângulo´7 89µ ~
d
~

ĐͿ c
ϯϴ͘

2 c j%3 % ~ 4 c % 5 % ~ < % c % b =
b

ĂͿ

~
~ < % c % = ~ < % c % = ~ : % c %j% ; ~ c c b

~ c

c % % ~ % c % ! ~ c c b ~ c

ďͿ
ĐͿ c%

% ~ 2

c 3 % ~ ln (%( c % ! ~ ln () c c ln () b ~ ln () c
% %
% ~ 1 ln (%) % ~ < ln (%( = 1 ~ ln (c )

1
ln ² e ³
ln (%) ln ()
ĚͿ 1 %

% c ~ c ~ c

e e e
sen % % ~ c c sen % % ~ c cos % ! ~

ĞͿ
~ c cos b cos ~ c c ~ c
cos % % ~ sen % ! ~ sen c sen ~ c ~ c

ĨͿ


ϯϵ͘
Área ~ c % c % % ~ c < = ~ c< c % = ~

% % %
cd

~ c b ~

fjcdd²c
³
ϰϬ͘ ²%³ ~ ¯ % c % c
~ ¯ % ~ ¯
¯ % ~ f ¯%~ c v %~
Designemosporaordenadadoponto7 .
c c % c % c
% b ~ ¯ c < c
%=

% %

c b
~ ¯
c

¯ c b b b ²c³
c ²c³
b b
~ ¯
¯
b ~ ¯ ~
¯ ~

ϰϭ͘
Área ~ c c % b % c % c 2 %b c 3 % ~

c

~ c< b % c %= c ln (% b ( c %!c

%
~
c

~ ²c³
b ² c ³ b c ln () b ² c ³ b ln () ~
~ c b b c b c ~ b

ϰϮ͘
ĂͿ ²%³ ~ % c anulaͲseno c eno,mudandodesinal.Logo:
c

% c % ~ c % c % b c % c % b % c % ~
c
~< c %= b< c %= b< c %= ~

c
% % %

c c
²c³ ²c³ ²c³

~ c ² c ³ c b ² c ³ b cc b ² c ³ b cc b ~
~ c ²c³
b ² c ³ b
c ~4
c 5 c 4 ²c³
c ² c ³5 ~
Notaque:c % c % ~ < c %= ~4 c 5 c 4 c ² c ³5 ~

3
% ²c³

c
c tg % % ~ 2 b 3 % ~ % b ln (cos%(!c ~

csen%
ďͿ cos%
b ln bcos b b c ln bcos2 c 3b

c
c
j
b ln c ln4 5 b ln 6 7~

~

~
~
j

b ln 4 j 5 ~ b ln 4j5 c ln 2j3

c
~

~

TemͲse cos % % ~ sen %! ~ sen c sen ~ c ~

ϰϯ͘
Interpretação:Seja( ~ cos % % ~ Áreadaregiãodoplanocompreendidaentreoseixos

coordenadoseográficodafunçãodefinidaem:Á ;por& ~ cos %.
TemͲse cos % % ~ cos % % b cos % % ~ ( b c ( ~ .


dĞŵĂϳͮEƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ
ϭ͘/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĕĆŽĂŽƐŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ͘KƉĞƌĂƌĐŽŵŶƷŵĞƌŽƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽƐ
ϭ͘
ĂͿ Re² b ³ ~ 3,ouseja,aparterealde b é3À
Im² b ³ ~ 4 ,ouseja,aparteimagináriade b é4À
Re²j c ³ ~ j ,ouseja,aparterealdej c éj À

Im²j c ³ ~ c ,ouseja,aparteimagináriadej c é c À
ďͿ
ĐͿ Re2 b 3 ~ ,ouseja,aparterealde b é À

Im2 b 3 ~ 1 ,ouseja,aparteimagináriade b é1À
j j j j
ĚͿ Re4 c c
5 ~ c ,ouseja,aparterealde c c
é c À
j j

Im4 c c
5 ~ c
,ouseja,aparteimagináriade c c
é c
À
ĞͿ Re ~ ,ouseja,aparterealde éÀ

Im ~ ,ouseja,aparteimagináriade é À
ĨͿ Re c ~ ,ouseja,aparterealde c é À

Im c ~ c ,ouseja,aparteimagináriade c é c À
ŐͿ Re ~ ,ouseja,aparterealdeéÀ

Im ~ ,ouseja,aparteimagináriadeéÀ
ŚͿ Re2 c 3 ~ c ,ouseja,aparterealde c é c À

Im2 c 3 ~ ,ouseja,aparteimagináriade c éÀ
Ϯ͘
ĂͿ Imaginário ďͿ Imaginário ĐͿ Imagináriopuro
ĚͿ Real ĞͿ Imagináriopuro ĨͿ Real
ŐͿ Real ŚͿ Imagináriopuro
ϯ͘ Re²'³ b Im²'³=

¯ b =

¯ = c

ϰ͘ Re²$³ d Im²$³ ~ ¯ % b d ²% b ³ ~ ¯ % b % b % b c ~ ¯

cfj cdd²c³ j
¯ % b % c ~ ¯ % ~ ¯ % ~ cf ¯%~ cf
¯
¯ % ~ cf
¯%~ v %~ c
Como%designaumnúmerorealpositivo,vemque% ~ À
ϱ͘ Seja' ~ b Á com e À
F d ~ ¯ F ¯F ¯F
~ ~ ~ ~ c

~ ~ ~ c
LogoÁ ' ~ c c À
ϲ͘
ĂͿ ) ~ ¸ c Á c b Á ¹
ďͿ c b e sãoimaginários,sendo imagináriopuroÀ
ϳ͘
ĂͿ Im²'³ ~ ¯ % c % ~ ¯ %% c ~ ¯ %% c % b ~ ¯
¯%~ v %c~ v %b~¯%~ v % ~ v % ~ c
ďͿ Seja' ~ % b ²% c %³ ,com% s ,umelementode( .

Se' nãoéreal,então% £ c w % £ w % £ ,peloque,emparticular,setem% £ .
Portanto,' nãoé imagináriopuro.
ϴ͘ % ~ c ¦ ' ~ c b ² c ³ ~ c b ~ c
% ~ ¦ ' ~ b ²³ ~ b ~
% ~ ¦ ' ~ b ²³ ~ b

ĂͿ ďͿ b

ĐͿ c
ϵ͘ ´Re²'³ c µÍm²'³ b µ ~ ¯ Re²'³ c ~ v Im²'³ b ~ ¯

¯ Re²'³ ~ v Im²'³ ~ c
ĂͿ ' ~ ďͿ ' ~ c
ĐͿ ' ~ b ,' ~ c ,' ~ c (porexemplo)
b j ~ c b j ¯ H j H F
~ j ~ j
~ c ~ ~
ϭϬ͘ ¯ ¯
~
LogoÁ ' ~ b À
ϭϭ͘
% b & b ²% c &³ ~ c ¯ F ¯F
% c c % ~ c
% b & ~ & ~ c %
ĂͿ ¯
% c & ~ c
¯F ¯F ¯F
& ~ c % & ~ c % &~

% c b % ~ c % ~ c %~ c

% b % ~ c & b ²& b
³ ¯ F ¯F
%~ c& %~ c&
c & ~ & b
ďͿ ¯
% ~ & b
¯F ¯F ¯F ¯F

%~ c& %~ c& %~ c& %~

c & ~ & b
& ~ c
& ~ c & ~ c
ϭϮ͘ % s±¸Á c ¹ Â Á se# ~ b
|
|

|

c ~
% %b %
' ~ b % % b ~
} $ ~ c ¬} ¯ } c ~ % b ¯
%b % b %b

% b %

Re²'³=Im²'³ ~ %b
% % b
~$ ~ ' ~
~ %
%
% ~ % b % b
|

|

c

|

~ c
~ ~ c
c b
¯ } c ~ c b ¯ } ¯ } ~

c ~ c
% ~ c

~

% ~ c
c

% ~ c ~

~

LogoÁ # ~ c b À
ϭϯ͘
ĂͿ ² b ³ b ² c b ³ ~ b c b ~ b
ďͿ ² c
b ³ b ² c c ³ c ~ c
b c c c ~ c b
ĐͿ ² c ³ c ²
c ³ ~ c c
b ~ c c
ĚͿ c 2 c
3 ~ c
b
~
b

ĞͿ 2 c 3 b 2 c
3 c 2
c 3
~
c b
c
c

b
~
c

ĨͿ d ² c ³ ~ c

ŐͿ d c ~ c
~
ŚͿ c ² b ³ ~ c c
ŝͿ c
² c ³ ~ c b ~ c c
ũͿ ² c ³² b ³ ~ b c

c ~ b c
b ~ b
ŬͿ b c ~ c ² ³ ~ c

~ b
~
ůͿ 4 b j 54 b j 5 ~ j

b b j b j
~
~ b d j b j c
~ b j b j c
~ c

b j
ŵͿ c ² c ³ c ² b ³ ~ c b ² c ³ c c ~
~ c c ² c ³ c b ~ c c ² c ³ c b ~
~ c b c
b c b ~ c b c
c c b ~ c
ϭϰ͘
ĂͿ ²% b &³ c ² c ³ ~ c b ¯ % b & c b ~ c b ¯
¯ % c & c b ~ c b ¯ c & c b % b ~ c b ¯
¯F ¯ F
c & c ~ c &~

% b ~ %~
ďͿ ² c ³²% c &³ b ²

c ³ ~ ² c b ³ ¯
¯ % c & c % c & b b ~ c b ¯
¯ % c & b b c & c % b ~ c b ¯ F
% c & b ~ c
¯
|
c & c % b ~
% ~ c b &
¯F ¯}
% c & ~ c

¯
~ cd
c % c & ~ c c b &
c & ~ c

|

% ~ c b & |
¯} ¯}
c b &
c
&
%~
¯
~

~
c & ~ c c
& c & ~ c
| |
¯} ¯}
c b & c b
¯F
%~ %~ %~ c

~ c & ~ c ~& ~

&~
ϭϱ͘
ĂͿ c ~ d ² c ³ c ~ c c
ďͿ ² c ³ c ~ c c c db ~ c c c ~ c c
ĐͿ c ² c ³ ~ c b

~ d
b c b db ~ c b ~
~ ccb~c
ĚͿ c b c ~ db c db b db c db ~

~ c b c ~ c b b b ~ b
ĞͿ 2 b 3 b ~ 2 db b db 32db b db 3 ~

~ c b ~ c c ~
b c b
~ b
ĨͿ b c ² c ³ ~
~ b d d b d d b c ²db c d b ³ ~
~ b c c
c ² c ³ ~ c c b b ~ c c
ŐͿ b c ~ b c c c ~ c b c c ~

~ b
c b ~
b

ŚͿ c ~ b d d c b
d d c b d d c b c ~
~ c c b b
~ c b
ŝͿ b ² b ³ ² c ³ ~ ² b ³ ² c ³ ~ ² b ³² c ³! ~

~ c ² ³ ! ~ b ~ ~

: b ; c ~ b c ~ b c ! ~

ũͿ
~ b ~ ~
ŬͿ b b d c
~ b b ! d c
²b³ ~
~
b b c d ~ b d ²b³
²b³
c
c
~
~ b ! d b d ²b³
²b³
c
c
db d c
~ d
~ ~
~ d b ~ d b d d b d d b ~
²b³ ²b³

~ d b c c ~ d c b ~ c b
ϭϲ͘
ϭϳ͘
ĂͿ j
ďͿ ĐͿ ĚͿ

ϭϴ͘
ĂͿcj b c ~ l4j5 b ~ j b ~ j
~

ďͿ( c c
( ~ k c b ² c
³ ~ j
b
~ j ~
k

j j
ĐͿc c c ~ l4 5 b ² c ³ ~ k
b ~ ~


ĚͿ c c 4j b 5c ~ c c j c c ~ c c j c c ~ l4 c j5 b ² c ³ ~ j b ~

ĞͿ(² c ³ b ( ~ ( c c b ( ~ ( b ( ~ j b ~ j
ϭϵ͘
67 b b ~ ¯ 67 ~
Logo,omódulode' é
.
ϮϬ͘ O' b 'O ~ ¯ O'²' b ³O ~ ¯ O'OO' b O ~ ¯ O'O ~ v O' b O ~ ¯
¯ ' ~ v ' b ~ ¯ ' ~ v ' ~ c
Ϯϭ͘
ĂͿ O' c 'O ~ O' ' c O ~ O'O O' c O ~ O'O O' b ' c O ~ O'O O' b O O' c O
ďͿ O' O ~ O' d 'O ~ O'O d O'O ~ O'O
ϮϮ͘ O' c $O ~ O' b c $O O'O b O c $O ~ O'O b O$O
c b j
Ϯϯ͘
ĂͿ c ďͿ ĐͿ

ĚͿ c ĞͿ ĨͿ j b j
Ϯϰ͘
ĂͿ
c b
c ~ d
~
ďͿ b c 2 c b 3 ~ b c c b ~ b b c ~ b
ĐͿ ² b ³ b ² c ³ ~ ² c ³ b ² c c ³ ~ c c b ~ c

ĚͿ b 2 b

3 ~ b 2 c
3 ~ c b b
~
b

b b c 4j c 54j c 5 ~ ( b ( c cj c c ~

ĞͿ

~ 4j b 5 c 8l4j 5 b 2 3 9 ~ b c 64j 5 b 2 3 7 ~

~
b c c
~

ĨͿ ² b ³ ² c b
³ ~ ² b
c ³ ² c b
³ ~ ² c b
³ ² c b
³ ~
~ ( c b
( ~ 2j² c ³ b
3 ~ ² c ³ b
~
b
~

4j c b 54j c b 5 ~ cj c b c ~

ŐͿ
~ ~
~ 8l4j c 5 b 9 ~ 64j c 5 b 7 ~

~ ~
~ c b ~ ~ ~ d

b
d ~
~ ~ ~
Ϯϱ͘ ' ~ % c
c % c ²% b % ³ ~ % c
c % c % c % ~
~ % c
c % c % b % ~ % c % c
b c % b %
ĂͿ ' éumnúmerorealseesóseIm ²'³ ~

c % b % ~ ¯ %²% c ³ ~ ¯ %²% c ³²% b ³ ~ ¯
¯%~ v %c~ v %b~¯%~ v %~ v %~ c
ďͿ ' éumnúmeroimagináriopuroseesóseIm ²'³ £ w Re ²'³ ~ .

fjcdd²c
³
Re ²'³ ~ ¯ % c % c
~ ¯ % ~ ¯
¯ % ~ f
¯ % ~ v % ~ c
Im ²'³ £ ¯ % £ w % £ w % £ c
Logo,% ~ .
Ϯϲ͘
ĂͿ b & b 2% c 3 ~ c ¯ b & b % b ~ b ¯
¯ b % b & b ~ b ¯ F ¯F
b % ~ %~

&b~ &~
b 2% c &3 ~ 4j b 54 j b 5 ¯ b % b & ~ cj b c ¯

ďͿ
¯ c b % b
& ~ c cj b c ¯ c b % b
& ~ c 64j5 b 7 ¯

|
% ~
¯ c b % b
& ~ c ¯ F ¯}
c b % ~

~& ~ c

& ~ c

ĐͿ % b & b 2 % c & 3 ~ % c b d ² b ³ ¯ % b & b % b & ~ % c b d c ¯
¯ % b & ~ % c b c ¯ % b & ~ % b c ¯ F
% ~ % b
¯
& ~ c
¯F ¯F ¯F ¯F
% c % b ~ ²% c ³ ~ %c~ %~

& ~ c & ~ c & ~ c & ~ c
ĚͿ % b & b & b ~ b % b &2 % b & 3 ¯

¯ % b %& c & b & b ~ b (% b &( ¯
¯ % c & b & b ²%& b ³ ~ b % b & ¯ F
% c & b & ~ b % b &
¯
%& b ~
¯F ¯F ¯F
& c & b ~ & c & b ~ ²& c ³ ~
¯
%& b
~ %& b
~ %& b
~

¯F ¯F ¯F
&c~ &~ &~

%& b
~ % b
~ %~ c
Ϯϳ͘ Seja' ~ b Á s.
ĂͿ ' b ~
¯ c b ~
¯ c b ~
¯

¯ b c ~
¯ F ¯F
b ~ ~ c

c ~
~ c

Logo,' ~ c c .
ďͿ ' b ' b ~ ¯ b b c b ~ ¯

¯ b b c b ~ ¯

¯ b c b ~ ¯ F ¯F
~ ~

cb ~ ~

Logo,' ~ b .
ĐͿ ' b ' c ' ~ ² c b ³ ¯ b b b c b ~ c b

¯
¯ b c b b c c b ~ c b
¯
¯ b c b b c c c ~ c b
¯
¯ b c b b c b b ~ c b
¯
¯ b b ~ c b
¯ F ¯F
~ c ~ c
¯
b ~
c ~

¯F
~ c

~ c

Logo,' ~ c c .

Ϯϴ͘ $ ~ c b Â $ ~ c c Â ' ~ b

base ¦ 7 8 ~
altura ¦ b área ¦

d²b³
~
¯
b ~ ¯ ~
Ϯϵ͘ c ' = c d ' = c d ' = c d ' ~ c '
ϯϬ͘ Amediatrizdosegmentodereta[WY]éoeixoreal,quepassapelaorigemdoreferencial.
ϯϭ͘ (' b $( ~ ( ' b $ ( ~ (' b $(
ϯϮ͘
ĂͿ ²' b '³ c ²' c '³ ~ Re²'³! c Im²'³! ~ Re²'³! c Im²'³! ~
~ Re²'³! b Im²'³! ~ 2 Re²'³! b Im²'³! 3 ~ O'O
ďͿ O'O b O'O ~ O'O b O'O ~ O'O ~ O'O ~ ' '
ĐͿ O' b O ~ ' b 2' b 3 ~ ' b 2' b 3 ~ ' b ' c ~ ' ' c ' b ' c ~
~ O'O b ²' c '³ b ~ O'O b d c Im²'³! b ~ O'O c Im²'³ b ~
~ O'O b Im²'³ b
ϯϯ͘ TemͲse' ~ c ,com s.Portanto,' ~ b ~ b ~ c b .

Oafixode c b pertenceàbissetrizdosquadrantespares.
ϯϰ͘ Seja' ~ b Á s.

TemͲse:
' ~ ' ¯ b ~ ² c ³ ¯ b ~ c ¯
¯ b ~ b ¯ ~
Portanto,oafixode' pertenceàbissetrizdosquadrantesímpares.

ϯϱ͘ Seja' ~ b Á se £ .TemͲse ' ~ ² c ³ ~ c ~ b .
Assim,7 temcoordenadas²Á ³e8temcoordenadas²Á ³.
Amediatrizdosegmentodereta[WY]éaretaperpendiculara[WY]quepassanopontomédio
de[WY].
Opontomédiode´7 8µtemcoordenadas2 b b 3
Á ,peloqueopontomédiode´7 8µtem

coordenadasiguais.

Poroutrolado,temͲse7 8 ~ 8 c 7 ~ ²Á ³ c ²Á ³ ~ ² c Á c ³.
Portanto,umvetorperpendiculara7 8éovetor¦ # ² c Á c ³,queéumvetorde
coordenadasiguais.
Aretaquepassanumpontodecoordenadasiguaisetemadireçãodeumvetordecoordenadas
iguaiséabissetrizdosquadrantesímpares.
ϯϲ͘
ĂͿ Sejaoraiodacircunferência .
Comoacircunferência estácentradanopontoK͕temͲseO'O ~ O$O ~ .
ComoO'O ~ O'OeO$O ~ O$O,temͲseO'O ~ O$O ~ ,peloqueospontosZe^pertencemà
circunferência .
ďͿ Seja' ~ b eseja$ ~ b .

7 temcoordenadas²Á ³e8temcoordenadas²Á .Comoosegmentodereta[WY]éum
diâmetrodacircunferência ,opontomédiode[WY]éaorigemdoreferencial.
Assim,temͲse b ~ e b ~ .
Poroutrolado,temͲse' ~ c e$ ~ c ,peloqueoponto9 temcoordenadas
²Á c ³eoponto: temcoordenadas²Á c ³.
Opontomédiode´9:µtemcoordenadas2 b Á c c 3 ~ 2 b Á c b

3 ~ Á .
Portanto,opontomédiode´9:µéaorigemdoreferencial.
Assim,osegmentodereta[Z^]éumdiâmetrodacircunferência .
ϯϳ͘
ĂͿ c cb c ~ b
b b b
~ ~ ~
ďͿ b bc c

b

c c c c c
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c
jb jb jb j

jc
4 c54jb5
j
ĐͿ
~ ~ b ~
~
b

c
2 b 32 c 3
c c
ĚͿ b ~ ~ ~
~
c
~

c

b
ĞͿ c ~ ~ c
~ dc c

ĨͿ
c
~ c d
~ ~

ϯϴ͘
' b
$ ~ '
O'O b $
O$O ~ '
b $
~ ' b $ ~ ' b $ ~ ²' b $³


Re²'³
ϯϵ͘
' b
' ~ '
O'O b '
O'O ~ '
O'O b '
O'O ~ ' b'
O'O ~ O'O
ϰϬ͘

c
ĂͿ bc

b b
b ~ ~ b ~ ~ b
c c
ďͿ dc ~ c c
c c c c c
~ ~ ~ ~ c c
b c
ĐͿ b c ~ c
b c b b c
b ~ ~ b ~ ~ c

b cb
ĚͿ cccb ~ c b
b c
b c c cb
cc ~ ~ b
~ ~ c b
b cc

cb
cc

c
c c
ĞͿ bb c ~ c
bb
bcb ~ b
cb
~ ~ cc c b
b
~
~ cc

~ c

c
~ c

c

b
ĨͿ b ~ c

c b b ~

c
b b ~ c b

b ~ c b
b ~
~ c b

c
b c

b b
ŐͿ c
b c ~ c ~ c c
b c c b
~
~ c

c c b
~

c

b

c
~

c
b

c
~ c
% b b
ϰϭ͘ c ² c ³ ~ cb c ² c ³ ~ c ² c ³ ~
% b %b% b c
'~ c b
%cb% b
~ c ² c ³ ~
%c
b %b
c b ~
%c
cb %b
b ~
~
%cc
b %bb
~
%c
b %b

ĂͿ ' éumnúmeroimagináriopuro ¯ Re²'³ ~ w Im²'³ £ ¯ %c

~ w %b
£¯
¯ % ~ w % £ c ¯ % ~

ďͿ ' éumnúmeroreal ¯ Im²'³ ~ ¯ %b
~ ¯ % ~ c
bc bc! cb!

ϰϮ͘ Seja' ~ b ÀTemͲse bb bb
'c bc
'b ~ bb ~ ~ ~
c ²b³ b ²c³ b cb c ²b³ b ²c³ b c
bb bb
~ ~ ~
c ²bbc³ b c c b c b cc
bb bb bb
~ ~ ~ ~
b c
bb bb
~ c

bb
Como 'c
'b éumnúmeroreal,temͲse c
~ ¯ ~ .Como' £ ,concluímos
que' éimagináriopuro.

Ϯ͘&ŽƌŵĂƚƌŝŐŽŶŽŵĠƚƌŝĐĂĚĞƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ
ϰϯ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿ
b Á {
Đϭ Ϳ
b ~
ĐϮ Ϳ
b ~

Đϯ Ϳ
c ~ c

ϰϰ͘
ĂͿ ďͿ c
~

ĐͿ c
c
~
;
c ~ c

ϰϱ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿ c
ĐͿ c
ĚͿ

ϰϲ͘
ĂͿ

ďͿ
b Á {
Đϭ Ϳ
7 b ~

ĐϮ Ϳ
7 b ~

Đϯ Ϳ
7 c ~ c

ϰϳ͘
ĂͿ
ďͿ

ĐͿ c
ĚͿ c


ϰϴ͘ b tg = cos ¯ b
= cos ¯
= cos ¯ cos =

sen b cos = ¯ sen b =

¯ sen ~
Como µÁ étg ,vemquepertenceaoterceiroquadrante,peloquequeroseu

senoqueroseucossenosãonegativos.
cos = c esen ~ c
' ~ cos b sen ~ c

c

ϰϵ͘ Não,poisosnúmeroscomplexosnãonulosquetêmosseusafixospertencentesàbissetrizdo
primeiroquadrantetêmargumentoprincipaliguala eosnúmeroscomplexosnãonulosque
têmosseusafixospertencentesàbissetrizdoterceiroquadrantetêmargumentoprincipaligual
a c .
ϱϬ͘ TemͲse,paraumcertonúmeronatural , ~ b .Portanto, c ~

~ ,queé
umnúmeronaturalpar.
ϱϭ͘

ĂͿ
j j
ďͿ b ~ cos
4 b sen
~ cis
~ À
c
ĐͿ c ~
.Defacto,omódulode c é eoseuargumentoprincipalé c .
cos c sen ~ cos2 c 3 b sen2 c 3~

c
ĚͿ

ϱϮ͘

ĂͿ ďͿ
c
ĐͿ ĚͿ
b ~ j 4 À

ĞͿ
•( b ( ~ j b ~ j ~ j

Defacto,temͲse:

•sendoumargumentode b ,temͲsetg ~ ~ .
•comooafixode b pertenceaoprimeiroquadranteetg ~ 1,nestascondições,ovalor
dequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé .
c b j ~

ĨͿ
Defacto,temͲse:
•c c b j c ~ l c b 4j5 ~ j
~


•sendoumargumentode c b j ,temͲsetg ~ c ~ c ~ c j.
j j

•comooafixode c b j pertenceaosegundoquadranteetg ~ c j,nestas
condiçõesovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé .
c j c ~
c

ŐͿ
Defacto,temͲse:
•c c j c c ~ l4 c j5 b c ~ j ~

•sendoumargumentode c j c ,temͲsetg ~

j
j

~ .
•comooafixode c j c pertenceaoterceiroquadranteetg ~
j

,nestascondições,o
valordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c
.
ϱϯ͘
~
d cis ~
d 2cos b sen 3 ~
d b ~

ĂͿ

~ d cis ~ d 2cos b sen 3 ~ d c ~ c

ďͿ
~ d cis ~ d cos b sen ~ d c b ~ c

ĐͿ
j ~ j d cis ~ j d 2cos b sen 3 ~ j d 4 j b j

5 ~ b

ĚͿ
~ d cis ~ d 2cos b sen 3 ~ d 4 b 5 ~ b j

j
ĞͿ

~ d cis
~ d 2cos
b sen
3 ~ d 2 c cos
c sen
3 ~

ĨͿ
j j
~d4c c
5 ~ c c

ϱϰ͘
b d²c³
ĂͿ b
~ ~ c
~
c

•b c b ~ k2 3 b 2 c 3
~ k b ~ k
d²c³
j
j

~
~

•Sendoumargumentode c
,temͲsetg ~ c
~ c .

•Comooafixode c pertenceaoquartoquadranteetg ~ c 1,nestascondições,o
valordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c .
j2 c 4
Logo, c
~ .
c dc
ďͿ bdc
c cc cc
~ ~ ~ ~ cc
•( c c ( ~ k c b c ~ j
b b

•Sendoumargumentode c c ,temͲsetg ~ ~ .
•Comooafixode c c pertenceaoterceiroquadranteetg ~ 1,nestascondições,ovalor
dequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c .
Logo, c c ~ j .
c
4

b d b
ĐͿ c d b
b
b b c
~ ~ ~
b
~ b

•b b b ~ k 2 3
b 2 3 ~ k b ~ k
c b
j
j

~
~

•Sendoumargumentode b
,temͲsetg ~
~ .

•Comooafixode b pertenceaoprimeiroquadranteetg ~ 1,nestascondições,o
valordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé .
j2 4
Logo, +
~ .
ĚͿ c c ~ 3 ² c ³ + ² c ³ + ² c ³ + ² c ³ c ~

~ c +
+ c c ~ c b
•( c b ( ~ k c b ~ j ~ j
•Sendoumargumentode c b ,temͲsetg ~ c ~ c .
•Comooafixode c b pertenceaosegundoquadranteetg ~ c 1,nestascondições,o
Logo, c b ~ j 4 .

' ~ 6k j
b j c k j
c j 7 ~

ϱϱ͘
~ j
b j c d kj
b j d kj
c j b 4j
c j5 d ~
~ j
b j c d l4j
b j54j
c j5 c 4j
c j5 ~
~ j
b j c d j
c c j
b j ~
~ j c j

•cj c j c ~ l4j5 b 4 c j5 ~ j b ~ j ~ j

•Sendoumargumentodej c j ,temͲsetg ~ c j ~ c .

j

• Como o afixo de j c j pertence ao quarto quadrante e tg ~ c 1 , nestas
condições,ovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c .
Logo,j c j ~ j
4 .
c
O'O ~ ¯ kRe²'³ b Im²'³ ~ ¯ lRe²'³ b 4 c j Re²'³5 ~ ¯

ϱϲ͘
¯ kRe²'³ b 3 Re²'³ ~ ¯ k4Re²'³ ~ ¯ kRe²'³ ~ ¯

¯ kRe²'³ ~ ¯ Re²'³ ~ ¯ Re²'³ ~ v Re²'³ ~ c
MascomoIm²'³ ¯ c j Re²'³ ¯ Re²'³ ;logo,Re²'³ ~ e

Im²'³ ~ c j d ~ c j.

Vem,então,que' ~ c j .
•c c j c ~

•Sendoumargumentode c j ,temͲsetg ~ c j.
•Comooafixode c j pertenceaoquartoquadranteetg ~ c j,nestascondições,

ovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c 3 .
c
Vem,então,que' ~ 3 .
ϱϳ͘ Seéonúmerorealpertencenteaointervalo´ c Á µtalquetg ~

,oafixode'
pertenceaoterceiroquadrante,peloque% e& .
Setg ~ ,então %& ~ ¯ & ~ %.
Se(' ( ~ j ,entãoj% b & ~ j ,peloque % b & ~ ¯ % b 2 %3 ~ ¯

¯ % b % ~ ¯
% ~ ¯ % ~
Como% ,vemque% ~ c
e& ~ d ² c
³ ~ c .
Logo,' ~ c
c .
ϱϴ͘
cis2 c 3 ~ :cos2 c 3 b sen2 c 3; ~
4
c 5
ĂͿ '~
cos ~
cos

cos
~
cos sen b cos ~ sen
cos b cos
cos ~ tg b
ďͿ b ' ~ b tg b ~ b tg b tg c ~ b tg b tg ~

~ cos b sen sen cos
~ cos b sen
~ cos b sen²³!
cos ~ cos b cos cos ~
sen
c tg c cos c sen c sen b cos
ϱϵ͘ '~ b tg ~ b
cos
sen ~ cos b sen ~ sen b cos ~
cos 2 b 3 b sen 2 b 3
cos
4
b 5 <
b c 4 c 5=

cos 2 c 3 b sen 2 c 3
~ ~
4
~ ~
c 5

ϲϬ͘ 2cos b sen 3 ~ 2cos 2 c 3 b sen 2 c 33 ~

~ 2cos b sen 3 ~

~ w ~
ϲϭ͘
•c c
b j c ~ l c
b 4j5 ~ j
b ~ j ~ j

b j ,temͲsetg ~ c
~ c
~ c
j j j
.
• Como o afixo de c
b j pertence ao segundo quadrante e tg ~ c
j
, nestas
condições,ovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé
.
Vem,então,que ~ j
logo ~ j w ~
b Á {.

Comosepretende ´Á ´,vemque ~
b ~
.

ϲϮ͘
4b 5 c
ĂͿ
~
ďͿ

4 b
5

4
c 5

ĐͿ ²
d ³ ~ ĚͿ

~

4c 5 c

d
ĞͿ

~

~

ĨͿ ~

ϲϯ͘
$ ~ 4j 5 b 4j 5 ~ 4j 5 b 4j 5

d

d
ĂͿ

~
b j b j

~ ~ ~
~ cis
b j cis ~ d 2cos
b sen
3 b j d 2cos b sen 3 ~
5 b j d 4 c 5 ~ c j b b j c ~ c j c
j j
~d4c b

•c c j c c ~ l4 c j5 b c ~ j b ~ j ~

•Sendoumargumentode c j c ,temͲsetg ~

j
j .

~
•Comooafixode c j c pertenceaoterceiroquadranteetg ~
j
.
c

Logo,$ ~ .
c
d c 4c b5
ďͿ $ ~ ~

~
~

~
cis ~
d 2cos b sen 3 ~
d 4 c 5 ~ c b j
j

b
Vem,então,que$ ~ c b j .

ϲϰ͘
4j c c 5 ~ 4j c c d²c³ 5 ~ 4j c b 5 ~ 4j c 5

ĂͿ

c
•cj c c ~ l4j5 b c ~ j b ~ j ~

•Sendoumargumentodej c ,temͲsetg ~ c

j
j

~ c
•Comooafixode j c pertenceaoquartoquadranteetg ~ c
j

.
Logo,j c ~
,peloque4j c 5 ~
~
.
c c d c

~ cis2 c 3 ~ d 2cos2 c 3 b sen2 c 33 ~
c

c 5 ~ c
j c

j
~ d 4 c


ďͿ6 c
ccj 7 6 ccj 7 ~
c
d
d
~
¨
•c c c j c ~ l c b 4 c j5 ~ j b ~ j ~

•Sendoumargumentode c c j ,temͲsetg ~ j.
•Comooafixode c c j pertenceaoterceiroquadranteetg ~ j,nestascondições,

ovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c .
~6 7 ~ 6 7 ~ 4 5 ~
4c
b 5 4 c5
c

d

c

~ ~ ~

j
~ cis ~ cos b sen ~ c
b
ϲϱ͘ ' c ~ c b ~ c
•( c ( ~ k b c ~ j b ~ j ~ j

•Sendoumargumentode c ,temͲsetg ~ c ~ c .
•Comooafixode c pertenceaoquartoquadranteetg ~ c ,nestascondições,ovalor
dequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c
Logo,' c ~ c ~ j .
c

Poroutrolado, c ~ .
c $²' c ³ ~ d d j ~ j ~ j
c 4bc
5 4b 5

Paraque j
4b 5
sejaumimagináriopuro b
= b Á {.
b
= b Á { ¯ ~ c
b
b Á { ¯ ~ c
b Á {
Como ´Á ´,vemque ~ c

b ~
v ~ c
b ~
.
c
ϲϲ͘ Designandoomódulode' por,temͲse: '' c '' ~ c c ~
~ c c ~ cos²³ b sen²³ c cos² c ³ b sen² c ³! ~
~ cos²³ b sen²³ c cos²³ c sen²³! ~
~ cos²³ b sen²³ c cos²³ b sen²³ ~
~ sen²³
j
ϲϳ͘ '~
c
~ j ~

c ~ l2 3 b 4 c ~ k b
j j
5

•c c

~ c j
j
j
•Sendoumargumentode c ,temͲsetg ~ c
•Comooafixode c pertenceaoquartoquadranteetg ~ c j,nestascondições,

j


c
Logo,' ~
.

Asparcelasdasoma' b ' b ' b ' b ' b '
estãoemprogressãogeométricaderazão' .
c 6 7

c

c
Portanto,' b ' b ' b ' b ' b '
~ ' d c'
j
5
c' ~ d ~
c4 c
c c c
c c
~
d j ~
d c
j ~
d ~
c b
b
ϲϴ͘
5 b 2 3 ~ k b ~ j ~
j j
c ~ l4 c

•c c b

j j
•Sendoumargumentode c j .

b ,temͲsetg ~ c j ~ c ~ c

j j

• Como o afixo de c b pertence ao segundo quadrante e tg ~ c , nestas

condições,ovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé
.
j

Logo, c b
~ .
5 b2c 3
~ k b ~ j ~
j j
c ~ l4 c

•c c c

j j
•Sendoumargumentode c j .

c ,temͲsetg ~ j ~ ~

j j

• Como o afixo de c c pertence ao terceiro quadrante e tg ~ , nestas

condições,ovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé c
.
j c

Logo, c c
~ .
j j
TemͲse,paraqualquernatural,4 c 5 c4c 5

b b
b
c
~
~ 4 5 c 4 5

b c

b

b c

b
~ c ~
4 b
5 c4 b
5 4 d b 5 c4 d b 5
~ c ~ c ~
c c
~ c ~ c ~ c ² c ³ ~
4b 5
ϲϵ͘ d ~
•c c j c j c ~ l4 c j5 b 4 c j5 ~ j b ~ j
~

•Sendoumargumentode c j c j ,temͲsetg ~ j ~ .

j

•Comooafixode c j c j pertenceaoterceiroquadranteetg ~ ,nestascondições,
Logo, c j c j ~ .
c

~ c j c j ¯
4b 5 c
d ~ ¯
¯ ~ w b
~ c
b Á { ¯
¯~
w ~ c
c
b Á { ¯
¯ ~ w ~ c b Á {
Como ´Á ´,vemque ~ c b ~
.
Logo, ~ e ~ .
ϳϬ͘
•cj b j c ~ l4j25 b 4j25 ~ j2 b 2 ~ j4 ~ 2

•Sendoumargumentodej b j ,temͲsetg ~ j22 ~ .

j

•Comooafixodej b j pertenceaoprimeiroquadranteetg ~ ,nestascondições,o
Logo,j b j ~ .

4j b j 5' ~
d 2 3 ~

¯
¯
d ~
¯
¯ 2 b 3 ~

¯ ~
w
b ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ~ w ~
b Á { ¯ ~ w ~
b
Á {
Como :Á ;,vemque ~

b
~

.
Logo, ~ e ~
.
ϳϭ͘ Seja' ~ .
O'O ' ~ c
¯ 2 3 ~
¯ ~
¯ ~
¯

ĂͿ
¯ ~
w ~ b Á { ¯ ~ w ~ b Á {
Para ~ ,vem ~
.
Para ~ ,vem ~
b
~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~
b
~ .

Assoluçõessão: Á e

' ~ ' ¯ 2 3 ~ c ¯ ~ c ¯

ďͿ
¯ ~ w ~ c b Á { ¯
¯ c ~ w ~ Á { ¯ c ~ w ~
¯ c ~ v ~ w ~ Á { ¯
Á{¯

¯ ~ v ~ w ~ Á {
Como ,vemque ~ 3 v ~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~ 0.

Para ~ ,vem ~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~ .

Assoluçõessão:Á Á Á e
' ~ c O'O ' ¯ 2 3 ~ c ¯ ~ c ¯

ĐͿ
¯ ~ w ~ c b Á { ¯
¯ c ~ w
~ b Á { ¯
¯ c ~ w ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ~ v c ~ w ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ~ v ~ w ~
b Á {
Para ~ ,vem ~
.
Para ~ ,vem ~
b ~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~
b ~
.
Para ~ ,vem ~
b ~
.
Para ~ ,vem ~
b ~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~
b ~
.

Assoluçõessão: Á
Á Á Á Á e
' ~ ' ¯ 2 3 ~ 2 c 3 ¯ ~ c ¯

ĚͿ
¯ ~ 2 c 3 ¯ ~ w ~ c b Á { ¯

¯ c ~ w ~ b Á { ¯
¯ c ~ w ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ~ v c ~ w ~
b Á { ¯
¯ ~ v ~ w ~
b Á {
Para ~ ,vem ~ .

Para ~ ,vem ~
b

~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~
b

~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~
b

~ .
Para ~ ,vem ~
b

~ .

Assoluçõessão: Á Á Á Á
e
ϯ͘ZĂşǌĞƐĚĞƵŵŶƷŵĞƌŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ
' ~ j
b
ϳϮ͘ Á ~ Á Á ÀÀÀÁ c
' ~ j

b

b

~ Á ~ Á Á

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~ .

b

Para ~ ,vem' ~
~ .

b

Para ~ ,vem' ~
~ .

Asraízescúbicasde
são: ,
e
ϳϯ͘
j j j
•c c
b c ~ c4 c
b 5c ~ (81( d c c 1
b c
~ 81 d l2 c 3 j
b4 5 ~ 81 d k 14 b

3
4 ~ 81
j
~ c j .
j
b ,temͲsetg ~ c


pertenceaosegundoquadranteetg ~ c j ,nestas
j
•Comooafixode c b
condições,ovalordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé .
j
Logo, c
b ~ .
' ~ j

b
Á ~ Á Á ÀÀÀÁ c
' ~ j
b
b
b

~
~ Á ~ Á Á Á

~ cis
~ d 2cos
b sen
3 ~

Para ~ ,vem' ~
j j
~d4 b
5 ~ b

~ cis ~ d 2cos b sen 3 ~

b

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~
j j
~d4c
b 5 ~ c
b
~ cis
~ d 2cos
b sen
3 ~

b

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~
j j
~d4c c
5 ~ c c

~ cis ~ d 2cos b sen 3 ~

b

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~
j j
~ d 4 c 5 ~
c
j

Asraízesquartasde c
b são:
j j j j

b
; c
b ; c c
e c
ϳϰ͘
ĂͿ ' ~
' ¯ ' ~
w ' £ ¯
¯' ~j
b

Á ~ Á Á Á ¯ ' ~ Á ~ Á Á Á

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Assoluçõesdaequaçãosão: Á
Á e
ďͿ ' c ' ~ ¯ ' 2' c 3 ~ ¯ ' ~ v ' c ~ ¯ ' ~ v ' ~ ¯
¯'~ v ' ~j
b

Á ~ Á Á Á ¯
b
¯'~ v ' ~ Á ~ Á Á Á

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Assoluçõesdaequaçãosão:0, Á Á e

4b 5
ĐͿ ' b
~ ¯ ' ~ c
¯ ' ~
¯ ' ~
¯
¯' ~j
b
b
¯ ' ~

Á ~ Á Á ¯ ' ~ Á ~ Á Á

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~
.

Assoluçõesdaequaçãosão: Á e
ĚͿ ' b ' c ~ ¯ ' b ~ v ' c ~ ¯ ' ~ c v ' ~ ¯
¯ ' ~ j Á ~ Á v ' ~ j
Z
b b

Á Z ~ Á Á ¯
Z
b
¯ ' ~ Á ~ Á v ' ~ Á Z ~ Á Á ¯

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para Z ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para Z ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para Z ~ ,vem' ~ .
32
Assoluçõesdaequaçãosão:3 2 Á 3 Á Á 2 e 2
ϳϱ͘ Umavezquenãoconseguimosescrever c b naformatrigonométrica,porquenão

conhecemosovalorexatodoângulocujatangenteé c ,vamostrabalharnaformaalgébrica.
Vejamosquaisosvaloresreaisde%ede&paraosquais% b & ~ c b .
% nãopodeserzeroporquesetalacontecesse% b & eraumnúmeroreal.

% b & ~ c b ¯ % b %& c & ~ c b ¯
¯ % c & b %& ~ c b ¯
¯F ¯F ¯H
% c & ~ c % c & ~ c % c & ~ c
¯
%& ~ %& ~ & ~
%
¯H H & ~ H & ~
% c
% ~ c % c ~ c % % b % c ~
¯ ¯ ¯
& ~
% % %
c f j cd²c³ j

¯H ¯H
% ~ % ~ c f
¯
& ~
% & ~
%
|
% ~ v
% ~ c
¯H ¯}

% ~ cf

condiçãoimpossível ¯
~ &~ %
& ~
%

¯H ¯H
% ~ 4 % ~ v %~ c
& ~
%
& ~
%
Se% ~ ,vemque& ~ .

Se% ~ c ,vemque& ~ c .
Asraízesquadradasde c b são: b e c c
ϳϲ͘ SabeͲsequeexistemraízesíndice deumcomplexoequetodastêmomesmomóduloeos

seusagumentosestãoemprogressãoaritméticaderazão .
Asraízesíndice
de$ são
,todaselascommódulo Ͳ
Osseusargumentossão , b
~ b ~ , b ~ ,

b
~

,

b
~

,
b
~

Asrestantesraízessextasde$são: ,

,
,

e

ϳϳ͘ $
c$ ~
c
~
4c 5
~

~
d

Asraízesquadradasde são:
b
b

k , com ¸Á ¹ ~
, com ¸Á ¹
d 2cos
b sen
3 ~

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~ cis

~
j j
d4 b 5 ~

~
b
d 2cos
b sen
3 ~

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~
cis
~
j j
d4c c 5 ~ c

~
c
$
Asraízesquadradasdonúmerocomplexo c$ são:
j
j

~ b
e ~ c c

cj
cj
b cj
b4 cj
5
ϳϴ͘ j cj
j cj
j cj
' b$
d ~ d ~ d ~
j j
~ j

d b ~ j

b j

~ b
d j b ~ d j ~
j j j j j j
•c b c ~c ² b ³c ~ c c d ( b ( ~
j j
j
•Sendoumargumentode b ,temͲsetg ~ j

~ .
j j

•Comooafixode b pertenceaoprimeiroquadranteetg ~ ,nestascondições,o

j j
Logo, b ~ .

Asraízescúbicasde são:
j

b b

, com ¸Á Á ¹ ~ , com ¸Á Á ¹

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ ~ .

Para ~ ,vem' ~ .

j cj
são: 12 , e

' b$ 12
Asraízescúbicasdonúmerocomplexo d
ϳϵ͘
4
12 c
5 j j

12
ĂͿ '
' ~

6
~ ~ ~ cis ~ cos b sen ~ c b

j
ďͿ '2 ~ 6
~ cis
~ cos
b sen
~ b

ĐͿ Trabalhandonaformaalgébrica:
4jbj5 4
j
jbj c 5

'
j j j
4 b 54 c 5
' ~ ~ ~
b

j
bj j
cj
j
j j
j j
bj j j
c b b b
c

2 3
~
j
~
~ b
4 5 b

b
Trabalhandonaformatrigonométrica:
'3 ~ j b j
•cj b jc ~ j d ( b ( ~ j d j b ~ j d j ~
•Sendoumargumentodej b j,temͲsetg ~ j ~ .
j

•Comooafixode j b jpertenceaoprimeiroquadranteetg ~ ,nestascondições,o
Logo,j b j ~ .

~ d 2cos 3

4
c65

'
' ~
~
~ ~ cis
b sen ~ (*)
6 ¨
~ cos
~ cos2 d 3
c 2 c cos
3
j
~ cos

c sen

~ cos

~
~ cos

c
c ~ j ¯ cos
j bj
Masse cos

c~ ,vemque cos

~ .
kbj k bjb
~ k b
j

Como cos épositivo,logocos

~ ~ ~
l4k bk 5 4jb5dj
j
k bk jb

j b j

j jdj
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
j
bj
~

bj bj
Comocos

~ esen b cos ~ ¯ sen b

~ ¯
j j j
¯ sen

~ c b ¯ sen
~ cc ¯ sen

~ c
kcj k cjb

~ k c ~
j
Como sen
épositivo,logosen

~ ~
l4k ck 5 4jc5dj
j
k ck jc

j c j

j jdj
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
j
cj
~
j
bj j
cj j
bj j
cj
(*) d 4 b 5 ~ b
j j
ĚͿ Pelaalíneaa),sabemosque '
' ~ c b .
j
bj j j
Pelaalíneac),sabemosque '
' ~ b
c .
j j j j j j
'~ '
'
'
' b ~ c b b
b b
c ~
j
bjcj j
cjbj j
j
~ b ~ b
ĞͿ ' ~ $
j
j
'~ b
d j b ~ d j ~
j
j j j
j
•(' ( ~ c b
c ~
d ( b ( ~

~ ~ ~ j
j j

j
j
•Sendoumargumentode b ,temͲsetg ~ j

~ .
j j

•Comooafixode
b
pertenceaoprimeiroquadranteetg ~ ,nestascondições,o
Logo,
b
~ j .
j j

$ ~ ' ~ 4j 5 ~ 4j5

d

~ ~ c
j
j
ĨͿ '~ b e$ ~ c
j
j
j
d
Base ¦ 86 ~ Altura ¦ (´67 8µ ~ ~

ϴϬ͘
Asraízesíndicede sãodaforma' ~ j
b
ĂͿ Á ¸Á Á ÀÀÀ Á c ¹.
b b b b
j 6 c b 7

Ora, ''b ~ ~ ~ ,oqueprovaopretendido.
j
b

ďͿ Comoasraízesdeíndicede estãoemprogressãogeométricaderazão ,temͲse:
c 4 5

' b ' b ÀÀÀ b 'c = ' d
= ' d c

= ' d c

~
c c c
' d ' d ÀÀÀ d 'c = j

d j d ÀÀÀ d j
b²c³
b
ĐͿ
~
~ 2j
3
bbb ÀÀÀ b b²c³!
b b²c³d
d b b²c³
d

~
~ 2
~
¨
Somadosprimeirostermosdeumaprogressãoaritméticadeprimeirotermoerazão
~ ´b²c³µ ~ 2 3 d ²c³ ~ 2 3 d

b²c³
c
~ 2
~
~ $ d c c ~ c c $
ϴϭ͘
ĂͿ
•cj b c ~ l4j5 b ~ j b ~ j ~

•Sendoumargumentodej b ,temͲsetg ~

j
j .

~
•Comooafixode j b pertenceaoprimeiroquadranteetg ~ ,nestascondições,o
j

valordequepertenceaointervaloµ c Á µé
.
Logo,j b ~
.

SabeͲsequeexistemraízesíndice deumcomplexoequetodastêmomesmomóduloeos
seusagumentosestãoemprogressãoaritméticaderazão .
Asraízesíndice de$ são ,todaselascommódulo .
Osseusargumentossão
,
b ~ , b ~ ,
b ~ , b ~

Asraízesquintasde$são:
Á
Á
Á
e
ďͿ Sejaamedidadoladodopentágonoregular.

sen ~ ~

Logo, ~ sen .
Perímetrodopentágono ~ ~ d sen ~ sen

ϴϮ͘
j

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ĂͿ c ~
c d ~ c

c j

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c c j
c b j
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c e' ~ ~ c
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ĐͿ c ~ c d ~ c

cj c j j cj b j j
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ϴϱ͘ TemͲse² c ³ b

d ² c ³ b ~ ,peloque c éumaraizdopolinómio.
Dividindoopolinómio % b
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ŽŶĚŝĐƁĞƐĞŵdĞƐƵĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĕĆŽŶŽƉůĂŶŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽ
ϴϲ͘
ĂͿ ďͿ ĐͿ ĚͿ

ĞͿ ĨͿ ŐͿ


ŚͿ ŝͿ ũͿ '
b ~ c ' b

ŬͿ ůͿ ² c ³ ~ ' c ' ~ c ' b '

ϴϳ͘
b b b
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ďͿ$ ~ ² b ³ ~ c b ;' b $ ~ b c b ~ b
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ϴϵ͘
ĂͿ O'OdO'O
~ ¯ (' ( ~
¯ (' ( ~
ďͿ O' b 'O b O' c 'O ~ ORe'O b OIm'O ~ 4 Re ' b 4 Im ' ~
~ 4(' ( ~ 4 d
~ 64
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ĂͿ ďͿ

ĐͿ' b ' ~ ¯ Re' ~ ¯ Re' ~
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ďͿO' c c O O' c c c O
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AMOSTRA NÃO COMERCIALIZÁVEL
De acordo com o artigo 21.o da Lei n.o 47/2006, de 28 de agosto, este
exemplar destina-se ao órgão da escola competente para a adoção de
manuais escolares.
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Resoluções

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 1

WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞ͗^Ğ(  ) ĞŶƚĆŽ( q ) ~ (Ğ( r ) ~ ) ͘

2 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

ϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ%  = ĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ&  < ¢

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 3

ϱ͘ĂͿ2( r ) 3 r ( ~ 2) r (3 r ( ~ ) r 2( r (3 ~ ) r < ~ <

ϳ͘ŽŵŽ(  ) ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ( r ) ~ ) ͕ĚŽŶĚĞǀĞŵƋƵĞ( r )  q ) ~ ) q ) ~ J͘

ϵ͘ĂͿŽŵŽ(  ) Á ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ%  < ͕%  ( ¬ %  ) ͘

ďͿŽŵŽ(  ) ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ)  (͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ) r )  ( r ) ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕<  ( r ) ͘

( r )  q * ~ ¸Á Á Á Á

4 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

 ƐĞŶ%   w  %   ¯ %  <Á = r < Á =

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 5

ĞͿ) q * ~ µ c BÁ c ´ r µÁ b B´ q 4<Á

ŐͿ+ d + ~ ¸²ϰÁ ϰ³¹

ŚͿ(Ͱo d ) q o ~ ¸ c Á ¹ d ¸Á ͕¹ ~

6 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

ϭϱ͘^Ğ(  ) ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ( q ) ~ (͘ŽŵŽ( q ) ~ J͕ǀĞŵ( ~ J͘

ϭϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ%  = ĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ&  < ͕

ŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ%  < ͕%  ) ¬ %  ( q ) ͕ĞƐƚĄƉƌŽǀĂĚŽƋƵĞ)  ( q ) ͘

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 7

8 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

Ϯϲ͘ (Z ~  ~   

ĂͿ( ~ ¸Á ¹ Â F ²(³ ~ ¸JÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸Á ¹¹ Â #F ²(³ ~ 

Ϯϵ͘( ~ ¸Á Á Á ¹ Â #( ~  Â #F ²(³ ~  ~ 

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 9

ϯϱ͘ĂͿ [ ~  d  d [

ďͿ c [ d ² c ³ ~ ² c ³[

10 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

[ ²b³²b³c ! b ²b³²b³c b

b[ c b[ ~  b b[ ~  b b[ ~  c b[

ϰϬ͘ d [ d ( ~  ;ϯͲĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂĨŝůĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂů͕ [ͲƉĞƌŵƵƚĂĕĆŽĚŽƐƚŽŶƐĚĞĂǌƵů͕

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 11

ϰϯ͘ * d * ;ƋƵĂƚƌŽŚŽŵĞŶƐĞƵŵĂŵƵůŚĞƌͿ b * d * ;ƚƌġƐŚŽŵĞŶƐĞĚƵĂƐŵƵůŚĞƌĞƐͿ ~

ϰϱ͘ * d  * d 

ϰϴ͘ * ;ůĞƚƌĂŝͿ d * ;ůĞƚƌĂŶͿ d [ ~ 

12 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

Ğ) Ğŵ(ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ (Z ~ ϯ ~ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ͘

ϱϰ͘ϱ d  ~

ϱϱ͘Ϯϴ d ϮϱϮ d Ϯϯ d ϮϮ ~ ϲϵϰϮϯϮ d ϭϬ

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 13

ϲϱ͘ d d ;şŵƉĂƌͲƉĂƌͲƉĂƌͿ b  d d ;şŵƉĂƌͲşŵƉĂƌͲşŵƉĂƌͿ ~ 

ϲϵ͘   ¯   j

ϳϭ͘  (Z ~  ~ 

14 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 15

ϵ[ [ [ ²b³[

ϴϰ͘ĂͿ ( ďͿ ( ĐͿ ( ĚͿ (

ĞͿϭ (Ϯ ĨͿb ( ŐͿ ( ŚͿ  (

16 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

ďͿ * ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐƌĂƉĂǌĞƐͿ d * ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͿ ~

ĐͿ  * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞͨŵĆŽƐͩƐĞŵƉĂƵƐͿ b  d  * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞͨŵĆŽƐͩĐŽŵĂƉĞŶĂƐƵŵĂĐĂƌƚĂ

ϵϲ͘ * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐͨϯͩͿ d  * ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌ

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 17

ϵϴ͘ * d * ;ĚŽŝƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞ/ƐĂďĞůůůĞŶĚĞͿ b  * d * ;ƚƌġƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞ/ƐĂďĞůůůĞŶĚĞͿ ~ 

18 Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12

ϭϬϮ͘ * b  d * b * ~ * b * b * b * ~

~ * b * ~  *

Fotocopiável © Texto | M࿤T 12 19

ϭϬϵ͘²ϯ b Ϯjϱ³ ~  d  4Ϯjϱ5 b  d  4Ϯjϱ5 b  d  4Ϯjϱ5 b  d  4Ϯjϱ5 ~

ϭϭϬ͘  * d ²%³c d ² c ³ ~  * d ²%³ d ² c ³ ~ c 

ϭϭϭ͘ * d ²³ c d 4 c d  c d  c c  ~

~ ² c ³ d * d  c d  c d c ~ ² c ³ d * d  cc d  c ~

WƌĞƚĞŶĚĞͲƐĞƋƵĞŽĂůƵŶŽƌĞĨŝƌĂƋƵĞ͗^Ğ( ) ĞŶƚĆŽ( q ) ~ (Ğ( r ) ~ ) ͘

ϰ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% = ĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ& < ¢

ϳ͘ŽŵŽ( ) ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ( r ) ~ ) ͕ĚŽŶĚĞǀĞŵƋƵĞ( r ) q ) ~ ) q ) ~ J͘

ϵ͘ĂͿŽŵŽ( ) Á ƚĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% < ͕% ( ¬ % ) ͘

ďͿŽŵŽ( ) ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞ) (͕ƉĞůŽƋƵĞ) r ) ( r ) ͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕< ( r ) ͘

( r ) q * ~ ¸Á Á Á Á

ƐĞŶ% w % ¯ % <Á = r < Á =

ĞͿ) q * ~ µ c BÁ c ´ r µÁ b B´ q 4<Á

ŚͿ(Ͱo d ) q o ~ ¸ c Á ¹ d ¸Á ͕¹ ~

ϭϱ͘^Ğ( ) ͕ĞŶƚĆŽ( q ) ~ (͘ŽŵŽ( q ) ~ J͕ǀĞŵ( ~ J͘

ϭϲ͘dĞŵͲƐĞ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% = ĞƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ& < ͕

ŽŵŽƐĞƚĞŵ͕ƉĂƌĂƋƵĂůƋƵĞƌ% < ͕% ) ¬ % ( q ) ͕ĞƐƚĄƉƌŽǀĂĚŽƋƵĞ) ( q ) ͘

Ϯϲ͘ (Z ~ ~

ĂͿ( ~ ¸Á ¹ Â F ²(³ ~ ¸JÁ ¸¹Á ¸¹Á ¸Á ¹¹ Â #F ²(³ ~

Ϯϵ͘( ~ ¸Á Á Á ¹ Â #( ~ Â #F ²(³ ~ ~

ϯϱ͘ĂͿ [ ~ d d [

ďͿ c [ d ² c ³ ~ ² c ³[

[ ²b³²b³c ! b ²b³²b³c b

b[ c b[ ~ b b[ ~ b b[ ~ c b[

ϰϬ͘ d [ d ( ~ ;ϯͲĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂĨŝůĂŚŽƌŝǌŽŶƚĂů͕ [ͲƉĞƌŵƵƚĂĕĆŽĚŽƐƚŽŶƐĚĞĂǌƵů͕

ϰϯ͘ d ;ƋƵĂƚƌŽŚŽŵĞŶƐĞƵŵĂŵƵůŚĞƌͿ b d ;ƚƌġƐŚŽŵĞŶƐĞĚƵĂƐŵƵůŚĞƌĞƐͿ ~

ϰϱ͘ d d

ϰϴ͘ ;ůĞƚƌĂŝͿ d ;ůĞƚƌĂŶͿ d [ ~

Ğ) Ğŵ(ĞǆŝƐƚĞŵ (Z ~ ϯ ~ ĨƵŶĕƁĞƐ͘

ϱϰ͘ϱ d ~

ϱϱ͘Ϯϴ d ϮϱϮ d Ϯϯ d ϮϮ ~ ϲϵϰϮϯϮ d ϭϬ

ϲϱ͘ d d ;şŵƉĂƌͲƉĂƌͲƉĂƌͿ b d d ;şŵƉĂƌͲşŵƉĂƌͲşŵƉĂƌͿ ~

ϲϵ͘ ¯ j

ϳϭ͘ (Z ~ ~

ϵ[ [ [ ²b³[

ϴϰ͘ĂͿ ( ďͿ ( ĐͿ ( ĚͿ (

ĞͿϭ (Ϯ ĨͿb ( ŐͿ ( ŚͿ (

ďͿ ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐƌĂƉĂǌĞƐͿ d ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚĂƐƌĂƉĂƌŝŐĂƐͿ ~

ĐͿ ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞͨŵĆŽƐͩƐĞŵƉĂƵƐͿ b d ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞͨŵĆŽƐͩĐŽŵĂƉĞŶĂƐƵŵĂĐĂƌƚĂ

ϵϲ͘ ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐͨϯͩͿ d ;ŶƷŵĞƌŽĚĞŵĂŶĞŝƌĂƐĚĞĐŽůŽĐĂƌ

ϵϴ͘ d ;ĚŽŝƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞ/ƐĂďĞůůůĞŶĚĞͿ b d ;ƚƌġƐůŝǀƌŽƐĚĞ/ƐĂďĞůůůĞŶĚĞͿ ~

ϭϬϮ͘ b d b ~ b b b * ~

~ b ~ *

ϭϬϵ͘²ϯ b Ϯjϱ³ ~ d 4Ϯjϱ5 b d 4Ϯjϱ5 b d 4Ϯjϱ5 b d 4Ϯjϱ5 ~

ϭϭϬ͘ * d ²%³c d ² c ³ ~ * d ²%³ d ² c ³ ~ c

ϭϭϭ͘ * d ²³c d 4 c d c d c c ~

~ ² c ³ d d c d c d c ~ ² c ³ d d cc d c ~

ϭϭϯ͘% b ~ d % d b d % d b d % d b d % d ~ % b % b % b

ĐͿ c ~ *

ĐͿ c ~ b ¯ b ~ c v b ~ c b ¯ ~

ĚͿϭÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ % Â ϮÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ c % & Â

ϯÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ % & Â ϰÀǑƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c & ~ c % &

ŶƚĞ ĂŶƚĞƉĞŶƷůƚŝŵŽƚĞƌŵŽ͗ d % d c ~ %

ϭϮϴ͘ d %c d 2j&3 ~ d %c d &

ϭϯϯ͘²³ ~ ²² c ³ b ³ ~ ²² c ³ b ³ ~ ² b ³ ~ b b

( q ) ~ ¸% ¢ % { w j(%(ĠƌĂĐŝŽŶĂů w % µ c Á ´ ¹ ~ ¸ c Á c Á Á Á ¹

(±) r ) q * ~ ¸ c Á c Á Á Á ¹

ϭϲϮ͘ ;ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐĐĞŶƚĞŶĂƐƐſƉŽĚĞƐĞƌŽϮŽƵŽϯͿ d d ~ Â d d ²ŽĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽĚĂƐ

ϭϲϯ͘[;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐĐŽƌĞƐͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐďŽůĂƐďƌĂŶĐĂƐͿ d [;ŽƌĚĞŶĂĕĆŽĚĂƐďŽůĂƐ

ĞͿĞ ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂƐůĞƚƌĂƐͿ d ;ĞƐĐŽůŚĂĚŽƐůƵŐĂƌĞƐĚĂƐůĞƚƌĂƐͿ d

ĐͿ % ~ %b b %b ¯ % ~ *%b

ϭϳϰ͘ ~ ¯ ~ ͕ƚƌĂƚĂͲƐĞĚĂůŝŶŚĂĞŵƋƵĞĐĂĚĂĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĠĚĂĨŽƌŵĂ * ͘

ďͿdĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů͗ d c d 4 5 ~ d 4 5 d c d 4 5 ~

ϭϳϴ͘² b %³ b ² c %³ ~ b % b % b % b c % b % c % ~ b

ďͿdĞƌŵŽŐĞƌĂů͗ d 2j%3 d4c 5 ~ d ² c ³ d % d 4 5 ~

b b b b b * b *

ϭϴϯ͘ [;ĐŽŵŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐϭ͕ Ϯ͕ ϯ͕ ϰ͕ ϱͿ b d [ ;ĐŽŵŽƐĂůŐĂƌŝƐŵŽƐϭ͕ ϭ͕ ϰ͕ ϱ͕ ϲͿ b d [ ;ĐŽŵ

ϭϴϰ͘ b b b c b* b b*b ~ ¯ b

~ b d c d 4 5 b d c d 4 5 b ÀÀÀ b 4

ďͿŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞŽŵĄǆŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ

ŶƚĆŽ͕ͳǡͳ െ ͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͳǡͳ െ Ͳǡ͹͕ŽƵƐĞũĂ͕Ͳǡͳ ൑ ܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൑ ͲǡͶ͘

ĚͿሼሺǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ሻǡ ሺǡ ሻሽ

ŽŵŽܲሺ‫ܤ ת ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ܲሺ‫ܣ‬ሻ ൅ ܲሺ‫ܤ‬ሻ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ ൌ ͳǡͳ െ ܲሺ‫ܤ ׫ ܣ‬ሻ͕ƚĞŵͲƐĞƋƵĞŽŵĄǆŝŵŽǀĂůŽƌĚĞ