Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PBZLCD[TKI
bl v;k; esa---
HSMPIKFBTDLB.RBYFTB
HR
?
J[2LT
GLV M&FTZV
EI H4" CMFTB UPLHKZLZ
VTH LLVLPT2
VP[X2FL>GFM[
PT2 VLGMK> CB.LTVTGLL PT2
MRELLTB; WL4K RYLT-ZLGPL
PT27I7LT PT2ML'LVuLKWL
KHTH4B"
WL
WLuLLOIGEVQIULTBMTDVSI
H4=WLuLLOIDRGVLOISL4KJK
GPOTLMBDBLTBMTHIDVIHLTSI
H4"HIWLuLLOIEIEML47I
)LIH4"DLEIMLKLPR2/SLT
-'LLVI-PLLSLH4"
EDLK
GPOTLMBDBWLJPT2HL'LMT
GVEZEKOXMKTPT2HL'LFTTB
QZTUL
SLTGJ2KGUMHO
SEWLJPT2HL'LMTTMBDB
/X7TWL4KGUVFMZLTBFTB
/X7TPHLSEWLJWLuLLO
VHIBKHST"
tokgjyky usg:
lafo/ku lHkk dh ,d cgl
osQ nkSjku (ekpZ 1949)
66
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
laoS/kfud flkar
)LLKSIMBGPLVPT2WVR1/TOFTB ?WBSKL;7ILLBGSWL4KMRK\LLPT2DLPTPT2GZ
KL5PT2VIGSGVOT;LE
GMLBSPT2HPLZTMTEHLYLH4GEKL5
E
WBSKL;7ILLBGSWL4KMRK\LLEIWG)LPAGEL>
<L
KL7LTBETDIQ6LMBYSWL4KM&FLVJXL;MBDBLTBELTDVL
K<LVTEL>
Y
MBYG#SZLTYLTBPT2
EOXMKTMT0PHLKLTBFTBWBSKL;7IGPGWL4KMBGDLSLWLTBET
J[GSWLOKDLVTEL>WL4K
L
WBSKL;7IGPPLOLTBELTFL-'LF^LKLGVJ7LKTPT2GZ
J[LT3MLHVOTVTEL>J[LMEKTYL"
%LWL4KPT2OLEEIGPPKLUVIGSFTB)LLKSCVOLTVLTBFTBMTGEMI<LTFT
FTBLLGFZ'LL=%L)LLKSWJVIGPOTLVIGSELTLLBGSJXL;BYMTZLYXEKVTWL4KWBSKL;7I
Y.LTBMTDQTKHVTFTBMJ2ZKHL=
xqVfujis{krk dh uhfr
)LLKSIKL7IWLBOLTZVWJVTWLJFTBELTC;-PSBL L7VLVHIBH4B"JXKIORGVLFTBNJGVPTLPLO
WL4K MLF[L5PLO PT2 GP MB LL; QZ KHT 'LT WL4K )LLKSI KL7I WLBOLTZV )LI CMI
GPP0LJI MB LL; EL GH-ML 'LL" CM WLBOLTZV EL WMK
GLL WL4K WJ[2IEL PT2 EC;
FRG%SWLBOLTZVLTB JKHRWL"WLuLLOIGFZVT MT JHZT )LI)LLKSPT2KL7PLOIVTSLORGVLPT2
W6NJGVPTLLTB FTB FRG%SMBY[LFQZLKHT VTSLWLTB PT2MBJE; FTB 'LT"T M)LIVTSLWLG<LK
NJGVPTLPLOWL4KMLF[L5PLOPT2GP
EMLIZ.LC; Z. KHT 'LT"VTSLUIMR)LLLQBO[
DLTMVTOXMKTGPPRPT2OL4KLV?CBG.VVTLVZWLFI; WLC;
V
ELY#VGEL'LL"
CMMTML*L2ML*L2uLLGHKHLTSLH4GE-PSBLSLWLBOLTZVPT2OL4KLV)LLKSPT2MBDBGPOTLLTBFTB
KHKHT)LLKSILTBMTDVQRPT2'LT"
pkSFks
v;k; esa ,d ckj fiQj
ls tokgjyky usg:! D;k os
dksbZ lqijeSu Fks
;k] bfrgkldkj mudh
Hkwfedk dk efgek&eaMu
djrs gSa\
GEMIKL7EIGPOTLVIGSMTNMPT2WBOVIWL4KDLHKIMKLTELKLTTBEIZEGFZSI
H4")LLKSEL-PSBLSLWLBOLTZVGUVNOLLGPQLKLTBMTJ[TGKS'LLNVELWMK)LLKSEIGPOTL
VIGSJK)LIJ.L"DHKHLZ>)LLKSELTGUMP%SWLuLLOIHLGMZHRC;NMMFLISREL
OL4K)LILRHLTQREL'LL"WLJ?MFELZIVGPPKLUVIGSEIGESLDPT2JHZTWL
FTBJQRPT2H4BGELISRPT2OL4KFTBORGVLPT2OTLOLT<LTFLTBFTTBD7KHT'LT"
E<LTFTEL
WYRWLMBR%SKL5WFKIEL'LLWL4KOXMKTELMLTGPSMB L"OLTVLTB<LTFLTBPT2DIQGPP-SK
JKWLG'L;E>KLUVIGSEWL4KM467EKLPULKI'LL"CMIOL4KFTBMBR%SKL7MB L)LIWG-S3P
FTBWLL@JKFLLRHG'LLKLTBELGVFL;LLRHRWL@QIVFTBE&RGV-7LLMVEI-'LLJVLHRC;"
WVL4JGVPTLIEKLEIJ[GP[2L)LICMIOL4KFTB WLKB)LHRC; 'LI")LLKSPT2VTSLWLTB ELT WJVT
KL7IGHSCMIMBO)L;PT2OLKTFTBMLVT'LT"
67
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
VTHEI)LXGFEL
OLT<LTFLTBMTOXKI
WLuLLO)LLKSEIGPOTLVIGSFTB LLBGSJXL; GPPELMJVL'LLWL4KCMPT2GZ
)LLKSVT
YR7GVKJT\LSLEIVIGSELJLZVGEL")LLKSVT CMPT2GZ
LISRMT NJUT SVLPELT
EFEKVTEIELTGLLEIWL4KMBR%SKL7MB LPT2LLBGSWG)LLVLTBFTBWJVIMTVL)LTUI"
WLJJX/MEST H4B GELISRPT2OL4KLV)LLKSGEMI<LTFT FBT %LTB LLGFZVHIB HRWL=
)LLKS>WFKIELWL4KMLTGPSMB LEIWYRPLC;PLZTM46Y#DBVLTBMTWJVTELTOXKK<LVL
QLHSL'LL"?MFELZIVGPPKLUVIGSEIGESLDFTBWLJJQRPT2H4BGELISRPT2
MF WFKIEL VT NLK W7ZLBG7E MBG MBY#V (NATO) WL4K MLTGPS MB L VT CMPT2
UPLDFTB?PLKMLJ4%7VLFEMBGMBY#VDVLL'LL")LLKSVTYR7GVKJT\LSLEIVIGSELT
WLOL;FLVL"MBSRZVMLVTEIHEG#VELTGLL'LIWL4KE)LIE)LIMBSRZVDHRSPR2/
VHIB )LIMJLSL'LL"FTB UDGD[7TVVT -PTUVHKPT2FLFZT ELT ZTEKGFM[ JK
WLP[2FL GEL SLT )LLKS VT CM VPWL4JGVPTGLE HFZT PT2 GP GPP0LJI GPKLT
EIWYRPLC;EI"CMIMLZMLTGPSMB LVTHBYKIJKWLP[2FLGEL'LLZTGEV)LLKSVT
MLTGPSMB LPT2CMEOFEIMLP;UGVEVOLVHIBEI"
TMIG-'LGSPT2DLPUXO>EFLTDTL
)LLKSVTWBSKL;7IFLFZLTBJK-PSBLKP4LWJVLL"NMTOLTVLTB<LTFLTBPT2OTLLTBVTMHLSL
WL4KWVROLVGO
"
)LLKS W)LI DLEI GPELMLIZ OTLLTB ELT YR7GVKJT\LSL EI VIGS PT2 DLKT FTB WLP-S
EKVTFTBZYL'LLGEJLGE-SLVWFKIEIVTSA3PPLZTM46Y#DBVFTBLLGFZHLTYL"CM
PUHMTPT2OLEFTTB)LLKSWFKIEIMBDBLTTBFTB<L7LMJ4OLHLTYC;"WFKIEL>MLTGPS
MB LMT)LLKSEIDSIHRC;OLT-SIELTZTEK)LIVLKLU'LL"
WLJVTGJ/ZTWLFTBJLGE)LLKSVTGVLTGUSGPELMEIKLVIGSWJVLC;'LI"CM
VIGSFTBuLLTKWLLSELTEFEKVTJK'LL"CMFTBMBMLVWLLKS4LKEKVTJKuLLTKGOL
YL"CMPT2JGKLLF-PJGVL;SPT2FLFZTFTB)LIJ[YGSD.IMIGFS'LI"GPELMEICM
KLVIGSPT2ELKLDLHKIORGVLMT)LLKSELWLG'L;EZTVOTVD.LMIGFS'LL"
WLFSL4KJKHFLKIVIGS
SLESEIKLUVIGSMT
WJVTELTWZYK<LVT
WL4KFHLLG%SLTBPT2
E
<LTFTPT2GPOXMKT<LTFT
FTBLLGFZVHLTVTEIH4"
WLUOLTWY[LI<LTFT
MWL4KWFKIELGD[7TV
PT2H4B"HFTBOLTVLTBPT2ML'L
OLT-SLVLMBDBK<LVLH4
ML'LHINVPT2<LTFTFTB
LLGFZ)LIVHIBHLTVL
H4"MWL4KWFKIEL
EOXMKTELTZTEKDHRS
LBGESH4BWL4KW6OTLLTB
JK)LILEEKSTH4B"CM
ELKLHFLKLKL-SLEG#V
H4WL4KOLTVLTBHFJKLE
EKMESTH4BGEHF
NVPT2GPKLTI<LTFTEI
SKJ2REKHTH4B"CMMT
DQLVHIBULMESL"
)LLKSPT2JHZTJ[LVFBLIUPLHKZLZVTHVTKL7I
UTB.LSEKVTFTBGVLL;E)LXGFEL
GV)LLC;"PTJ[LVFBLIPT2ML'LML'LGPOTLFBLI)LI'LT"J[LVFBLIWL4KGPOTLFBLIPT2J
FTBMTSEN6HLTBVT)LLKSEIGPOTLVIGSEIKQVLWL4KGP[2L6PVJKYHKL
J[)LLP.LZL"VTHEIGPOTLVIGSPT2SIVD.TNT'LTEG#VMB LL;MTJ[L*SMBJ[)LRSL
ELTDQL
K<LVL>\LTLIW<LB.SLELTDVL
K<LVLWL4KSTuLKSLKMTWLG'L;EGPELMEKVL"
VTHCVNTLTBELTYR7GVKJT\LSLEIVIGSWJVLEKHLGMZEKVLQLHST'LT"NVGOVLTBOTL
FTB PR2/JLG7;L WL4KMFXH
TMT )LI'LT GUVELFLVVL'LLGE)LLKSELT WFKIEI<LTFT PT2
ML'L5LOLVuLOIEIDLVIQLGH
%LTBGECM<LTFT EIJ[GS#LZLTESBLPT2GHFLSIPT2
JFTB'LI"CMLKLJKMLTQVTPLZLTBFTB.L)LIFKLPWBDT.EK)LILLGFZ'LT"ML&PLOEI
GPKLTIPR2/KLUVIGSEJLG7;L)LIQLHSI'LIBGE)LLKSWJVIGPOTLVIGSWFKIELPT2J\L
FTBDVL
"
TMTOZLTBFTB)LLKSIUVMB LWL4K-PSBLJL7I;J[FR<L'LT"ZTGEV>GPOTLVIGSELT
S4LKEKVTPT2FLFZTFTBVTHELT<LLMIDSHLGMZ'LI"
tokgjyky usg:
osQ-ih-,l- esuu dks ,d
i=k esa (tuojh] 1947)
68
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
,izQks&,f'k;kbZ ,drk
ge yksx vkt dh
cfuLcr tc T;knk xjhc]
dekksj vkSj u, Fks rks
'kk;n nqfu;k esa gekjh
igpku dgha T;knk FkhA gS
uk fofp=k ckr\
SLESPT2SIVLTBMLVLTB
MBJOL>VWL4KUVMT
HIV
EOTLWDD.ISTuLI
MTM)UYSFTB
EV4GSE
SLESPT2JFTBJHQLV
HLGMZEKKHLH4NMEI
WLPLuLELTGO9YUOTLLTBEI
UFLSFTBD.ICuuLSPT2ML'L
MRVLULSLH4
lh jktxksikykpkjh
,Mfouk ekmaVcsVu dks ,d
i=k esa] 1950
)LLKSPT2WLELK>WPG-'LGSWL4KLG%SMB)LLPVLELT)LLJEKVTHVTGPPPT2FLFZLTB>
<LLMEK
GLLC;FLFZLTBFTB)LLKSPT2GZ
D.I)LXGFELGV)LLVTEL-P*VOT<LL'LL"VTH
PT2OL4KFTB)LLKSVT
GLLWL4KWJ[2IELPT2VP-PSBLOTLLTBPT2ML'LMBJP;2DVL
"
WL4KPT2OLELTBFTTBVTHD.TFR<LK-PKFTB
GLLC;
ESLEIJ4KLTELKIEKSTKHT"
VTHEIWYRPLC; FTB )LLKSVT PT2FLQ; FTB HI
GLLC; MBDBM&FTZV
GLV
GKZTLBMELBJ[T2BM
ELWLLTUVEK.LZL'LLUDGEW)LI)LLKSELTWLuLLOIGFZVTFTBJLQ
FHIVTLTL'LT")LLKSVTCB.LTVTGLLEIWLuLLOIPT2GZ
)LKJXKJ[LMGE
")LLKSQLHSL
'LLGECB.LTVTGLL.QWL4JGVPTGLELLMVMT'LLMB)LPLI L[FR%SHLTUL
"CMPT2GZ
)LLKSVT FTB CB.LTVTGLLPT2-PSBLSLMBY[LFPT2MF'L;VFTB
EWBSKL;7IM&FTZV
GEL")LLKSWVL4JGVPTLIEKLEIJ[GP[2LELJ[DZMF'L;E'LLWL4KNMVT JXKIOASL
MT V-ZPLOEL><LLMEKOG\LLWJ[2IELFTB ULKIKBY)LTOELGPKLTGEL"CB.LTVTGLL
PT2
E LHK DLB.RBY FTB
J[2LT
GLLC; M&FTZV FTB HRWL" WLFSL4K JK HF CMT
DLB.RBYM&FTZVPT2VLFMTULVSTH4B"WJ[2IELWL4K
GLLPT2VP-PSBLOTLLTBPT2ML'L
)LLKSPT2DSTMBJP;2ELHQKFDOR'LL"DLB.RBYM&FTZVFTBHIYR7GVKJT\LWLBOLTZVEI
VIBPJ.I"YR7GVKJT\LWLBOLTZVELJHZLM&FTZVPT2GMSBDKFTBDTZY[T.FTBHRWL"
YR7GVKJT\LWLBOLTZVEI-'LLJVLFTBVTHEIFHSI)LXGFELKHI'LI" OT<LTB>?MFELZIV
GPPKLUVIGSWL
QIVELWLP[2FL>
QIVPT2ML'L)LLKSPT2CMOLT-SLVLGKST FTB OLT ELKLLTB MT <L7LMWLC;"QIVVT FTB
GS$DSJKE$uLLEKGZL"CMMT )LLKSWL4KQIVPT2DIQ
TGSHLGMEJMT ULT
E
FPSI; KL5DVLQZLWLKHL'LL>PH<L3FHLT YL"LRLRFTB )LLKSMKELKVT
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
69
QIVVT?-PLLGS$DS\LTLDVLLH4WL4KCMCZLPT2ELTPHQIVELWG)L6VWBYFLVSLH4"GS$DSIUVSLQIVPT2CMOLPTELT
VHIBFLVSIGEGS$DSQIVELWG)L6VWBYH4"5LOLMT5LOLMB<LFTBQIVIDLLOLTBELTGS$DSZLEKPHLBDMLVTEIQIVEI
VIGSELGS$DSIUVSLVTGPKLTGEL"GS$DSIQIVPT2CMOLPTELT)LIVELKSTH4BGEGS$DSELT-PLLSLOIYC;H4"PTFLVSTH4B
GEGS$DSEIJLKBJGKEMB-PA2GSWL4KF;ELTV7EKPT2QIVPHLML&PLOJ42ZLVLQLHSLH4"
;0LKLP
HLTFLC
ML)LLK
:ZL
GS$DS
70
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
VLT7HV%LLGEMI
J4FLVTPT2GHMLDMT
DVLLYL)LLKSEL
FLVGQLVHIBH4"CMFTB
GO<LLC;YC;)LLKSEI
WBSKL;7IMIFLKT<LL
ELTJ[LFLGLEMIFLKT<LL
VFLVLUL
"
<L$LKOLK
WD
GU&FTOLKI WYKELTC;)LIVLY
SR&HLKIHLTY
PLKHKES
HLTSIH4S
I"
LT
71
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
Credit:
R.
K.
China roller
evidence
under
PIETLFTVV
jktuf;d ,oa ea=kh_
1934&1947 ds chp
baXySaM dh yscj ikVhZ
esa lf;_ baXySaM esa
Hkkjrh; mPpk;qDr ,oa
ckn esa la;qDr jk"V esa Hkkjrh; izfrfufkeaMy
ds eqf[k;k_ jkT;lHkk ds lkaln ,oa ckn
esa yksdlHkk lkaln_ 1956 ls la?k dsfcusV
ds lnL;_ 1957 ls j{kk ea=kh_ 1962 esa
Hkkjr&phu ;q ds
ckn bLrhiQkA
72
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
MQEHXSLTNVELT
QL
VZLC;
ZTEK
FTKTFVFTBD.TW1/T)LLP
UYTFTKL<LLZH4GEQIV
ETLLMVL\LW1/TCVMLV
H4BWL4KNVJK)LKLTMLGEL
ULMESLH4"
lh- jktxksikykpkjh
,d i=k esa] fnlacj 1956
eSaus
lquk gS fd
1962 osQ ;q osQ ckn
tc yrk eaxs'kdj us ^,s
esjs oru osQ yksxksa --- xk;k rks
usg: Hkjh lHkk esa jks iM+s FksA
cM+k vthc yxrk gS ;g lkspdj
fd brus cM+s yksx Hkh fdlh
Hkkoqd yEgs esa jks
iM+rs gSa!
73
PR2/WLYTEI
PT2DLO)LLKSQIVMBDB
)LLKS WL4K QIV PT2 DIQ MBDBLTB ELT MLFL6 HLTVT FTB
EKIDOMMLZZYY
"FBTOLTVLTBOTLLTBPT2DIQ
JXL;KLUVGEMBDBDHLZHLTMPT2"LIL;VTSLPT2SL4K
JKJHZIDLKW7ZGDHLKIPLUJTI PT SDGPOTL
FBLI'LT
FTBQIVPT2OL4KTJKY
"DLOFTB>VTH
PT2DLOKLUIPYLIDSL4KJ[LVFBLIQIVPT2OL4KT JK
Y
"CMPT2DLOMT QIVPT2ML'L)LLKSPT2MBDBLTB FTB
5LOL ULTK 0LJLGKE FMZLTB JK KHL H4" ?MFELZIV
GPPKLUVIGSEIGESLDFTB WLJCVDLSLTB ELT J
QRPT2H4B"
flus&lalkj
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
HEIES
74
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
DLB9ZLOTLR>
FTBJLGE-SLVPT2MLFVT
EYHKLWBOVIMBE7WL<L.LHRWL"JLGE-SLVPT2JHZT
WLFQRVLPFTB <LBG.SUVLOTLWLL"URG:J2ELKWZI)LRLT EIJL7I; JGQFIJLGE-SLV
FTB GPUIKHIUDGEFRUIDRK;HFLVEIJL7I; WPLFIZIYVT JXPI; JLGE-SLVFTB uLLTKOLK
ELFLDIHLGMZEI"JGQFIJLGE-SLVPT2VTSLWLTB PT2HL'LLTB WJVT ML'LHR
OLTFOUT;
PT2VLYGKEPT2DKSLPPT2GPKLTFTBJXPI;JLGE-SLVEIDBYLZIUVSLVTCMJL7I;ELTPLT7
GOL'LL"JLGE-SLVPT2LLMECMUVLOTLELT-PIELKVHIBEKJLKHT'LT"WLPLFIZIY
EJGKMB LDVLVTEIFLYEKKHI'LIZTGEVPTCMFLYELT)LI-PIELKEKVTPT2GZ
S4LKVHIB'LT"
75
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
76
bl
ckr ls rks ,slk
tku iM+rk gS fd
Hkkjr] lksfo;r [kses esa
'kkfey gks x;k FkkA D;k
lksfo;r la?k osQ lkFk bl
20&o"khZ; laf/ ij gLrk{kj
djus osQ ckotwn ge
dg ldrs gSa fd Hkkjr
xqVfujis{krk dh uhfr
ij vey dj jgk
Fkk\
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
CMEIUYHJLGE-SLVIMTVLVTFBTLT<LFRUIDELTGYKSLKEKGZLWL4KJXPI;
JLGE-SLVPT2ZLTYLTBJKUR:FLVTLRGE
"UPLDFTBJXPI;JLGE-SLVEIUVSLVTWJVT
CZLPT2LVIFL4UXOLDLB9ZLOTLELTJLGE-SLVMTFR%SEKLVTPT2GZ
MB LL;/T.GOL"
FTB JXKT MLZ)LLKSELT ZL<LLKLLG'L;LTB ELDLTPHVEKVLJ.L"T LKLL'LI; JXPI;
JLGE-SLVMT )LLYEK)LLKSPT2VUOIEICZLELTB FTB LKLGZ
HR
'LT")LLKSVT DLB9ZLOTL
PT2?FRG%SMBY[LFELTV4GSEMF'L;VWL4K)LL4GSEMHLSLOI"JLGE-SLVVTWLKLTJZYLL
GE)LLKSNMTSLT.VTEIMLGULEKKHLH4"
JLGE-SLVELTWFKIELWL4KQIVVTFOOEI"PT2OLEFTBWFKIELWL4KQIVPT2
DIQMBDBLTBELTMLFL6EKVTEIELTGLLQZKHI'LIWL4KCMMT
GLLFTBMLLMFIEKL
VLJZTKHL'LL"WFKIEIKL7JGSGKQ.;GV%MVPT2MZLHELKHTVKIGEGMBUKVT
PT2URZLC;FTBJLGE-SLVHLTSTHR
YRJQRJQIVELOL4KLGEL"WFKIELJLGE-SLVQIVEI
RKIDVSIOT<L)LLKSVTCMPT2UPLDFTBMLTGPSMB LPT2ML'LFTBLLBGSWL4KGFLSL
EI
EPLI;MBGJKO-S<LSGE
"MBGMT)LLKSELTCMDLSELWLPLMVGFZL
GEHFZLHLTVTEIMXKSFTBMLTGPSMB L)LLKSEIFOOEKTYL"
FHIVLTB KLUVGE SVLP WL4K M46 S4VLSI PT2 DLO PT2 GOMBDK FTB )LLKS WL4K
JLGE-SLVPT2DIQ
EJXL;0LJIRG/.YL"JLGE-SLVPT2Z.LPX2GPFLVLTBVTJBULDWL4K
KLU-'LLVJKHFZTGE
UDGENMEIMTVLVTU&FXEFIKFTBWJVLFLTQL;<LLTZL"UPLD
FTB)LLKSVTWJVIPLRMTVL>VL4MTVLWL4K'LZMTVLPT2DXSTJGQFIWL4KJXPI;FLTQT;MTELK;PLC;
EI"-'LLVIZLTYLTBPT2MF'L;VWL4K-PLYSPT2DIQ)LLKSIMTVLJXPI;JLGE-SLVFTBSTuLIMT
WLYTDI"OMGOVLTBPT2WBOK)LLKSIMTVLVTLELELTSIVSKJ2MT LTKGZLWL4KWJVT
>M4GVELTBPT2ML'LJLGE-SLVIMTVLELTWL3FMFJ;LEKVLJ.L"DLB9ZLOTLPT2J
FTB
E-PSBLKL7PT2NOPT2ML'L)LLKSIMTVLVTWJVISKJ2MT
ESKJ2LRGPKLF
LLTGLSEKGOL"DLOFTB>URZLC; ELT CBGOKLYLIWL4KURG:J2ELKWZI)LRLT PT2
DIQGLFZLMFL4STJKO-S<LSHR
WL4KCMMTWFVEIDHLZIHRC;"
77
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
78
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
RFTBCMGVLL;EUISMTOTLFTBN3MLHEIZHKOL4.YC;'LI"WGELBL)LLKSILTB
VTCMTYL4KPEI L.IPT2JFTBOT<LLWL4KFLVLGE)LLKSELM46JKLP[2FJ[DZHRWLH4"
WLJWYZTWLFTBJTBYTGECBGOKLYLICMP%S)LLKSEIJ[LVFBLI'LIB"PT2
ZLTEM)LLQRVLPLTBFTBN6HTBGPUGFZI'LI"EIUBYPT2DLOCBGOKLYLIEIZLTEGJ[SL
ELTQLKQLOZYY
"CMRPT2DLOWGESKKL5LTBFTBGPLVM)LLPT2QRVLPHR
WL4K
WVTEKL5LTBFTBELBY[TMJL7I;D.TDHRFSMTUISI"
)LLKSVTWJVTMIGFSMBMLVLTBPT2ML'LGVLTGUSGPELMEILRWLSEI'LI"J.LTMI
OTLLTBPT2ML'LMB LL;PT2ELKLJBQPLI;LTUVLJ7KIMTNSKYC;"PT2DLO)LLKSELT
WJVT MIGFSMBMLV<LLMSL4KMT K\LL\LTLFTB ZYLVT J.T")LLKSELT WJVT M46LQT EL
WLRGVEIEKLEKVLJ.L"FTBK\LLN3JLOGP)LLYWL4KFTBK\LLWLJXGS;GP)LLY
EI-'LLJVLHRC;"SIMKIJBQPLI;LTUVL
JKWMKJ.LWL4KCMPT2DLOZYLSLK
SIV
EPLI;LTUVLJKWFZHRWL"QL4'LIJBQPLI;LTUVLFTBHILRHLTMEI"
RPT2DLO)LLKSELK\LL0DHRSuLOLDYL"
cM+k
?kupDdj gS!
D;k ;gk lkjk ekeyk
ijek.kq ce cukus dk
ugha gS\ ge ,slk
lhks&lhks D;ksa ugha
dgrsA
CM OL4K EI
E <LLM DLS 'LI )LLKS EL JKFLLR GP-J2LT7" )LLKS VT PT2 FC; FTB
JKFLLR JKI\LLGEL"STuLYGSMT WLRGVE)LLKSPT2GVFL;LPT2GZ
VTHVT HFTLL
GP,LV WLTK J[L4]LTGYEI JK WJVL GPPLM USLL 'LL" VTH EI WL4]LTYIEKL EI VIGS
EL
E FHPJXL; L7E JKFLLR EL;P[2F 'LL" CMEI LRWLS PT2 OLE PT2
WBGSFMLZLTB FTB HLTFIUHLYIK)LL)LLPT2GVOT;LVFTB HLT QREI'LI")LLKSLLBGSJXL; NTLTB
FTB C-STFLZ PT2 GZ
WLR UL; DVLVL QLHSL 'LL" VTH JKFLLR HG'LLKLTB PT2 G<LZL*L2
'LT" N6HLTBVT FHLLG%SLTB JK 0LJE JKFLLR GVL-LIEKL PT2 GZ
uLLTK GOL" DHKHLZ>
JKFLLR WLRLTB FTB DLTLKIHLTSIKHI"ML&PLOILLMVPLZT QIVVT PT2 W%SXDK
FTB JKFLLR JKI\LLGEL"WLRLG%SMBJ6VGDKLOKILVIMBR%SKL5WFKIEL>MLTGPS
MB L>GD[7TV>J[2LBMWL4KQIVVT>ULT MBR%SKL7 MB LEIMRK\LLJGKLO_ PT2-'LLIMO-
)LI'LT>ORGVLPT2W6OTLLTB JKEIJKFLLR WJ[MLKMBGELT 'LLTJVLQLHL")LLKS
HFTLL MT CM MBG ELT )LTO)LLPJXL; FLVSL WLL 'LL" )LLKS VT CM JK O-S<LS EKVT
MT CVELKEKGOL'LL")LLKSVT UDWJVLJHZLJKFLLR JKI\LLGELSLT CMT NMVT
LLBGSJXL; JKI\LLEKLKGOL")LLKSELEHVL'LLGEPHWLRLG%SELT GMJ;2LLBGSJXL;
NTLTBFTBC-STFLZEKVTEIWJVIVIGSPT2J[GSOAMBE:JH4"
GUMP%SJKFLLR JKI\LLGELYL'LLPHOL4K LKTZX KLUVIGSPT2GZHLUMT D.L
EG#V'LL"FTB WKDCUKLZRHRWL'LL"CMPT2DLOJXKT GPPFTB STZPT2GZ
HLHLELKFQLHRWL'LL"WKDKL7LTB VT STZPT2OLFLTB FTB )LLKIPAGEKOI'LI")LLKSCM
PUHMT WLG'L;EMF-LWLTB MT G LKYL")LLKSFTB FRO[L-J2IGSDHRS5LOLD YC;"U4ML
GEWLJ/#TWLFTBJTBYT>CMP%SOTLFTBEC;WLBOLTZVQZKHT'LTWL4KCMIMF
OTL0LJIKTZH.SLZ)LIHRC;'LI"
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
79
PR2/WLYTEI)LLKSELJKFLLREL;F
)LLKS VT JKFLLR WJ[MLK PT2 Z\ ELT LV FTB K<LEKEIYC; MBGLTB ELGPKLTGEL%LTBGE
T MBGL N6HIB OTLLTB JK ZLYX HLTVT ELT 'LIB ULT JKFLLR LG%S MT HIV 'LT" CV MBGLTB PT2 ^LKL
JKFLLRHG'LLKLTBMTZ4MOTLLTBEIUFLSPT2JKFLLRLG%SJK
ELGELKELTP4SLOIULKHI'LI"CMI
ELKL>FTBUDJKFLLRWJ[MLKMBGELTWGVSELZPT2GZ
DLGOLYLSLT)LLKSVTCMEL
GPKLTGELWL4KNMVT0LJEJKFLLRJKI\LLJ[GSDBMBG EBJ[THTBGMP7T-7D4V7I7IMI7IDI7I
JK)LIH-SL\LKEKVTMTCVELKEKGOL"
)LLKS VT PT2 FC; FTB JKFLLR JKI\LL GE
WL4K H USLL GE NMPT2 JLM M46 NTLTB
PT2 GZ
WLRLG%S ELT C-STFLZ FTB ZLVT EI \LFSL H4" CMPT2 SRKBS DLO JLGE-SLV VT )LI
JKFLLR JKI\LL GE
" CMMT \LTL FTB JKFLLR R EI WLLBEL ELT DZ GFZL" WBSKL;7I
GDKLOKI )LLKSI NJFHL^IJ FTB HR
CM JKFLLR JKI\LL ELT ZTEK DHRS VLKLU 'LI WL4K NMVT
)LLKS S'LL JLGE-SLV> OLTVLTB JK PR2/ J[GSDB ZYL
GU6HTB DLO FTB H7L GZL YL" )LLKS
EIJKFLLR VIGSFTB M4LBGSESL4KJKHDLS-PIELKEIYC; H4 GE)LLKSWJVIK\LLPT2GZ
JKFLLRHG'LLKK<LTYLZTGEVCVHG'LLKLTBEL?J[LTYJHZTVHIBEKTYL")LLKSEIJKFLLRVIGSFTB
HDLSORHKLC; YC; H4 GE)LLKSP4GPE-SKJKZLYX WL4K)LTO)LLPHIVJKFLLR GVL-LIEKLPT2
J[GSPQVDH4SLGEJKFLLRHG'LLKLTBMTFR%SGPPEIKQVLHLT"
GPPKLUVIGSPT2DOZSTMFIEKL
U4MLGEWLJCMGESLDPT2/#TWL4KVL4PTBWLFTBJTBYT>PT2DLOPT2OL4KFTBEC;Y4KELBY[TMIMKELKTBDVIB"CMOL4K
FTBGPPKLUVIGSFTB)LIVL7EIDOZLPWLKHT'LT"CVEL)LLKSPT2GPOTLIMBDBLTBJK%LWMKJ.L=
FTBUVSLJL7I;EIMKELKDVI'LI"CMMKELKVT LLTLLLEIGEM1QIYR7GVKJT\LVIGSELJLZVGELUL
YL"CMEL
WLLH'LLGEGPOTLVIGSFTBMLTGPSMB LPT2J[GSWL
RELPELT<L3FGELUL
YL"CMPT2DLOEIM)LIMKELKLTBVT
ELBY[TMILY4KELBY[TMI
QIVPT2ML'LDTHSKMBDBDVLVTWL4KWFKIELPT2ML'LVUOIEIGKSTDVLVTEIJHZEI")LLKSI
KLUVIGSFTBWL4KWLFSL4KJKQZVTPLZIDHMLTBFTB)LI)LLKSEIGPOTLVIGSELTGPLTLSL4KJKOLTMBO)LLT;BFBTOT<LLULSLH4
ESLTJLGE-SLVELTZTEK)LLKSPT2<LPT2MBO)L;FTBWL4KOXMKT)LLKSWFKIELMBDBLTBPT2MBO)L;FTB"PT2DLOPT2OL4K
FTBWFKIELMF'L;EGPOTLVIGSWJVLVTPT2GZ
LLMEOZLTBEIWLZLTQVLHRC;H4"
GPOTLVIGSHFTLLKL7IGHSLTBELTLVFTBK<LEKDVLC;ULSIH4"MZYLSLK)LLKSEL
EFHPJXL;GFLDVLHRWLH4ZTGEV
PT2DLOMT MELWBSKL;7IFHPEFHRWLH4"CMIELKL)LLKSEIGPOTLVIGSFTB WFKIELMF'L;EKLVIGSL
WJVLC;YC;H4B"CMPT2WGSGK%S>FL4UXOLWBSKL;7IJGKPTLFTBM46GHSLTBPT2DULWLG'L;EGHSLTBELuLLTKuLOLH4"CMEL)LI
WMK)LLKSEIGPOTLVIGSFTBWJVL
Y
GPE:JLTBJKJ.LH4"CMPT2ML'LHIML'L>CMWPGFTB)LLKSJLEMBDBLTBFTB)LI
EC; VIDLSTB UR.IB"EFIKOLTVLTB OTLLTB PT2DIQFR<FMZT PT2SL4KJKELFH4 ZTGEVMBDBLTB ELT MLFL6DVLVT PT2GZ
OLTVLTBOTLLTBVTEC;J[LMGE
H4B"MLB-PA2GSEWLOLVJ[OLV>VLYGKELTBEI
EOXMKTPT2OTLFTBWLPLULHIWL4KJLK-JGKEWLG'L;E
MHLTYELT OLTVLTB OTLLTB VT DLPLGOL"%LWLJULVST H4B GE)LLKSWL4KJLGE-SLVPT2DIQKTZWL4KDMMTPLEILRWLS
EIYC;H4=HHLZPT2MFEIMDMTD.INJZG$H4"DHKHLZ>CVMLKTJ[LMLTBPT2DLPUXOFTB)LLKSWL4KJLGE-SLV
PT2DIQREIG-'LGSJ4OLHLTYC;'LI"
TMTFLHL4ZFTBLLBGSJ[LMLTBELT%ELZYLZTGEV-'LLISL4KJKWFVELFEKVT
PT2GZ
J[LMULKIH4B"
80
-PSBL)LLKSFTBKLUVIGS
1- bu c;kuksa osQ vkxs lgh ;k xyr dk fu'kku yxk,%
(d) xqVfujis{krk dh uhfr viukus ds dkj.k Hkkjr] lksfo;r la?k vkSj la;qDr jkT;
vejhdk] nksuksa dh lgk;rk gkfly dj ldkA
([k) vius iM+kslh ns'kksa ds lkFk Hkkjr ds lacak 'kq#vkr ls gh rukoiw.kZ jgsA
(x)
'khr;q dk vlj Hkkjr&ikd lacakksa ij Hkh iM+kA
(?k)
1971 dh 'kkafr vkSj eS=kh dh lafk la;qDr jkT; vejhdk ls Hkkjr dh
fudVrk dk ifj.kke FkhA
iz'ukoyh
(i)
(ii)
(x)
ckaMqax lEesyu
(iii)
(?k)
nykbZ ykek
(iv)
3- usg: fons'k uhfr ds lapkyu dks Lora=krk dk ,d vfuok;Z laosQrd D;ksa ekurs Fks\ vius
mkj esa nks dkj.k crk, vkSj muds i{k esa mnkgj.k Hkh nsaA
4- ^^fons'k uhfr dk fukkZj.k ?kjsyw k:jr vkSj varjkZ"Vh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds nksgjs ncko esa gksrk
gSA** 1960 ds n'kd esa Hkkjr }kjk viukbZ xbZ fons'k uhfr ls ,d mnkgj.k nsrs gq, vius
mkj dh iqf"V djsaA
5- vxj vkidks Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ds ckjs esa iSQlyk ysus dks dgk tk, rks vki bldh
fdu nks ckrksa dks cnyuk pkgsaxsA Bhd blh rjg ;g Hkh crk, fd Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ds
fdu nks igyqvksa dks vki cjdjkj j[kuk pkgsaxsA vius mkj ds leFkZu esa rdZ nhft,A
6- fuEufyf[kr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,%
(d) Hkkjr dh ijek.kq uhfr
([k) fons'k uhfr ds ekeyksa ij loZ&lgefr
7- Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr dk fuekZ.k 'kkafr vkSj lg;ksx ds flkarksa dks vkkkj ekudj gqvkA
ysfdu] 1962&1972 dh vofk ;kuh egt nl lkyksa esa Hkkjr dks rhu ;qksa dk lkeuk
djuk iM+kA D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ;g Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr dh vliQyrk gS vFkok]
vki bls varjkZ"Vh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ifj.kke ekusaxs\ vius earO; ds i{k esa rdZ nhft,A
8- D;k Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ls ;g >ydrk gS fd Hkkjr {ks=kh; Lrj dh egk'kfDr cuuk
pkgrk gS\ 1971 ds ckaXykns'k ;q ds lanHkZ esa bl iz'u ij fopkj djsaA
)LLKSPT2GPOTLMBDB
9- fdlh jk"V dk jktuhfrd usr`Ro fdl rjg ml jk"V dh fons'k uhfr ij vlj Mkyrk gS\
Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr ds mnkgj.k nsrs gq, bl iz'u ij fopkj dhft,A
10- fuEufyf[kr vorj.k dks i<+sa vkSj blds vkkkj ij iwNs x, iz'uksa ds mkj nhft,%
YR7GVKJT\LSLEL0LJEW'L;H4WJVTELTGEMI)LIM46YR7FTBLLGFZVHIBEKVLCMEL
W'L;HLTSLH4QIuLLTBELT'LLMB)LPM46OAG7ELTLMTVOT<LVLWL4KCMEIE)LIuLKSWLV
J.TSD)LIGEMIM46YR7ETVuLGK
ELTWJVLVTEIUYH-PSBLJMTG-'LGSJKGPQLK
EKVLS'LLM)LIOTLLTBETML'LOLT-SLVLGKSTELFEKVL
UPLHKZLZVTH
(d)
([k)
(x)
81