Qurante Yuda Sameepanam

Jp-Bs
bp-k-ao-]\w
(]-cn-jvI-cn ]Xn-v)
ssiJv apl-Zv Imc-Ipv
Ckvem-anIv ]n-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-tmSv, Xncp-h-\--]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xriq
Xmfp-I-fn
apJ-hpc
1. aZn-Xc- psS bpw
2. BZy-bpw
3. kn ewLn-h
- t- cm-Sp kao-]\w
4. Jp-Bs bpm-lzm-\hpw aX-kzm-X{- yhpw
5. I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-It- fm-Sp kao-]\w
6. PqX-s- s{I-kX
v h
- t- cm-Sp kao-]\w
7. bp-S- h
- p-Im-tcm-Sp kao-]\w
8. bpw Jp-B\
- nepw EtKz-Z
- nepw
9. \mep-Xcw _
10. _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[I
- cpw akvPn-Zp ldmapw
11. BcmWv Im^n-dp-I
apJ-hpc
""\ns Rm sImpw!'' Ien-bn-f-Inb Jm_o sImehnfn \Sn. ""C; \o Fs sImm-\mbn Fs t\sc
ssI \on- b mepw ]Icw \ns sImm- \ mbn Rm
\ns t\sc ssI \op-I-bn. ImcWw, {]]--\m-Y\mb Am-lpsh Rm `b-s-Spp.'' lm_o im\mbn samgnp. sIme {Iqc-X-bm-sWpw \nXy-\m-in\p \nan- - a m- s Wpw Abm Jm_o- e ns\
DWn. ]t, Jm_o-ens tIm]mn sI-S-nbn. Hcp Iq Is- S pv Abm lm_o- e ns\
Ipn-smp. `qan BZy-ambn a\p-jys NpSp-tNmc
hoWp \\p. kXym-kXy ka-c-ns XpS--am-bncpp AXv. Cpw AXv Ahn-cmaw XpS-cpp. Cu kw`h-n-tev {i Wn-p-sImv Jp-B Hcp almkXyw hnfw-_cw sNpp: ""sIme-p--n\p ]I-camtbm `qan-bn \miw hnX--Xns t]cntem AmsX
Bsc-nepw Hcp a\p-jys\ sImm Abm apgph a\p-jy-scbpw sIm-h-s\-tm-se-bm-Ipp. Bscnepw Hcmv PohnXw \In-bm Abm apgp-h
a\p-jypw Poh-t\-In-b-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv.'' (5:32)
Ctm-f-ap a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ns Ncn{Xw kXymkXy kwL--\--fp-tS-XmWv. \bpw Xnbpw icnbpw
sXpw [ahpw A[ahpw \oXnbpw A\o-Xnbpw Xnep \nc- - c - k - a cw. Fpw Fhn- s Sbpw kmKns `mKv \ne-bp-d-n-Xv {]hm-N-I-mcpw AhcpsS ]mX ]np-S hnizmkn kaq-l-hp-am-bn-cpp.
AXp-sIm-p-Xs apjvIpw apjvSnbpw hmfpw hSnbpw
Inbpw Ip-hp-ambn cwKw I-S-n-bn-cp Xn-bpsS
tXcm-fn-I Ahsc ITn-\-ambn ]oUn-n-p-sIm-n-cpp.
shfnw sXfn-bn-p hnf-p-I DuXn-s-Sp-m\pw

kXy-ns i_vZw ]pd-p-h-cm-Xn-cn-m\pw Ccp-ns
in- I BhXpw {ian- p- s Im- t - b n- c pp.
FXnns t\cnb kzctam {]Xn-tj-[-ns sIme- I tfm CmsX sskzc- a mbn hnl- c n- m- \ m- W tm
A[a-ns Bfp-I {ian-pI. AXp-sIm-p-Xs
\-bpsS `mKv \ne-bp-d-n--h kZm Bpw sXmgnbpw
ASnbpw CSnbpw shpw-Ippw Gp-hm-t-n-h-cpp.
\mSpw-hoSpw shSn-bm \n_-n-X-cm-hpp. Ccw
kml-N-cy--fn Bbp-[-sa-Sp-m\pw FXn-cm-fn-Isf
t\cn- S m\pw aXw A\p- a Xn \Ipp. kXy- ns
kwm-]-\-n\pw \oXn-bpsS \S-n-n\pw Nne-tmsg-nepw bpw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-o-cpp. ssZh-ns
Ay-th-Z-{K--amb hnip--Jp-B bpw A\p-h-Znm\pw Bh-iy-s-Sm-\p-ap Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs.
Jp- B {]Y- a hpw {]ap- J - h p- a mb ]cn- K - W \
\Ip- Xv ImcpWyw, Zb, hn\bw, hnp- h ogvN
t]mep hnin-jvS-Kp-W-mWv. Jp-B-\n ImcpWy- h p- a mbn _- s ]Z- apq- d n- t e- s dbpw
asb kw_-n ]cm-aiw \qdn-te-sdbpw XhW
Bhn--s-n-pv. kXy-{]-t_m-[I kwL-n\p
apn AXp kan-p apJy-k-t-ihpw hnp-hogv N - b p- t S- X mWv : ""\bpw Xnbpw Xpey- a m- h p- I - b n.
AXn-\m \o Xnsb Gw D-a-amb \-sImv
{]Xn-tcm-[n-pI. Atm \ntmSv sshc-n hnp--h B-an-{X-ambn amdp-Xp ImWmw. amio-e-msX Cu kkz-`mhw e`y-a. alm-`m-Kyhm- m- c - msX Cu aln- X - ] - Z hn {]m]n- p- I - b p- a n.''
(JpB- 4-- 1: 34, 35)
C-s\-sb-m-am-sW-nepw `qan-bn thcq-m\pw
kaq-l-n \ne\nm-\p-ambn kan--s PohnX-hy-h--sb \ne-bn Ckvemw bpw A\p-h-Zn-pIbpw A\n- h m- c y- a mb kml- N - c y- - f n AXn\v
Blzm\w \Ip- I bpw sNpp. Cu AY- n
{]hm-N-I \nc-h[n bp- \bn-n-pv. Jp-B\n bp-kw-_--amb kq--fp-apv.
Fm Imew I Ghpw ihpw am\- h nIhpw ka-{K-hp-amb hnhw krjvSn hnip Jp-B
\ntcm-[n--W-sa Bhiyw Ncn-{X-n-em-Zy-ambn Db-
p-h-Xv Cy-bn-emWv. Cubm-h-iymYw sIm

ssltm- S - X n- b n tIkpw hcn- I - b p- mbn. Jp- B \nse Ccp-]-n-\mev kq- bp-t{]c-I-fpw ]ca-X-hn-tZzjw hfp--h-bp-am-sWv Btcm-]n-mWv
GXm\pw IpSnea\kvI tImS-Xnsb kao-]n-Xv. tIkv
Xn-tm-sb-nepw X]-c-I-n-I cmPy-sapw JpB-\n-s\-Xnsc hym]-I-amb {]Nm-cWw \S-n-smn-cn-p-I-bmWv. AXn-\mbn Jp-B-\nse bp-kw-_n-bmb kq-sf k`-n \nv ASn-sbSppw Ah-X-c-W-km-l-Ncyw ad-p-shpw hmepw- Xebpw shnamnbpw D]-tbm-Knp sImn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNpp. C{-{] hniz-ln-p-]-cn-jv Jp-B-\n
\nv Ccp-]-n-\mev kq- sXc-s-Spv kzamb AYw \In eLp-te-J-bmbn {]kn-o-I-cn-Xv
Cy-bnse hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-tev hnh\w sNbvXv
hym]-I-ambn {]N-cn-n--s-Sp-I-bp-mbn.
Cu
]m- - e - n- e mWv
bphpambn
t\pt\sc _-s Jp-B kq--fpsS AhX-cW ]m--ehpw bYmY Dt-iy-e-y-fpw hniZo-I-cn-p Cu sImp-IrXn Xm-dm-n-bn-cn-p-Xv.
\njv]--cmb hmb-\-mv sXn-m-cW \om\pw
kXyw t_m[y-am-hm\pw Cu IrXn klm-b-I-am-bn-ocp-sav {]Xo-n-pp.
{]]- - \ m- Y - \ mb Amlp CsXmcp kaambn kzoI-cnv AwKo-I-cn-p-am-dm-Is.
ssiJv apl- Zv ImcIpv

shn-am-Sp-Ipv
13-- 01-2002
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
Hv
aZn-X-cpsS bpw
""bp-n\v Cc-bm-b-hv bpw sNp-hm A\p-aXn \I-s-ncn-pp. ImcWw, Ah aZn-X-cm-sW-Xp Xs. Amlp Ahsc
klm-bn-m Ignhp--h-\mWv; Xo. kzw hoSp-I-fn \nv A\ym-b-ambn IpSn-bn-d--s--h-cm-W-h. "R-fpsS \mY Am-lphmWv' Fp {]Jym-]n-Xp am{X-amWv Ah-cpsS Ipw. Amlp P\fn Hcp hn`m-Ks asmcp hn`m-K-s-smv {]Xn-tcm-[np sImn-cp-n-s-n ssZh-\maw [mcm-f-ambn kvacn--s-Sp aT-fpw
Np-Ifpw {]mY-\m-e-b-fpw ]n-Ifpw XI-s-Sp-am-bn-cpp.
Am-lp-hns\ klm-bn-p--hsc Ah XpW-p-I-Xs sNpw.
Amlp AXn-i-\pw AP--\p-amWv.'' (Jp-B 22: 39, 40)
""\n-tfmSv bpw sNp--h-tcmSv Am-lp-hns amK-n
\n-fpw bpw sNpI. Fm AXn-{Iaw AcpXv. AXn-{I-an-Isf
Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-n; Xo. \n Ah-cp-ambn Gp-ap-p-Xv
Fhn-sS-sh-m-bmepw Ah-cp-ambn bpw sNpI. Ah \nsf ]pdwX-n-bXv FhnsS-\n-mtWm AhnsS \nv \n-f-h-scbpw ]pdw-XpI. "^nXv\' AYhm ASn--an B[n-]-Xyw-t\-S sIme-tbm {Iqc-as{X. Ah \ntfm-Sv t]mcm-Sm-t-S-tmfw Imew
akvPn-Zp ldm-an--Sp-p-shv \n Ah-tcmSpw ]S-sh--cpXv.
Fm Ahn-sS-shpw Ah \n-tfmSv bpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n
\nfpw Ah-tcmSv t]mcm-SpI. AXp-X-s-bmWv A-cw kXy-\ntj-[n-Ip {]Xn-êw.'' (Jp-B 2: 190,-191)
""\n bp-n\v Bm-]n--s-n-cn-pp. AXp \nv
A\n-jvS-I-cw -Xs. Fm KpW-I-c-amb Hcp Imcyw \nv
Atcm-N-I-ambn tXmn-tbmw. t{Zml-I-c-amb Imcyw CjvS-I-c-ambpw
tXmn-tbmw. Amlp Adn-bpp. \ntfm Adn-bp-p-an.'' (Jp-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
B 2:216)
bp-kw-_--ambn BZyw Ah-XoWamb kq--fm-Wnh.
CX-h-X-cn-n--s Ncn-{X-]-m-ew ]cn-tim-[n-p Bpw
Ckvem-an bpw A\p-h-Zn--s--sX-p-sIm-sv A\m-bmkw
t_m[y-amIpw.
a- b nse {]ap- J hpw {]i- k v X - h p- a mb Jpssd- i n- - d - h m- n
lminw IpSpw-_-n A_vZp--bp-sSbpw Ban-\-bp-sSbpw ]p{X-\mbmWv apl-Zv ]nd-Xv. Atlw \o \mep ]Xn-m-p-Imew
am \nhm- k n- I n- S - b n hnip- hpw hn\o- X - h p- a mb PohnXw
\bnp. hniz-kvX FYw hcp "A-A-ao' F A]-c-\ma-n-emWv Atlw Adn-b-s-n-cp-Xv. \mev]-Xm-as hb-n
lndm Kpl-bnse GIm--hm-k-n-\n-S-bn BZy-ambn Znhy-k-tiw
e`np. ]noSv ssZh-\ntZi-a-\p-k-cnv kzP-\-Xsb kXy-amK-ntev Wnp. BZyw Gw ASp--h-sc-bmWv kao-]n-Xv. XpS-nse aqp-sImw ]c-a-c-l-ky-am-bmWv kXy-{]-t_m-[\w \Sn-bXv. ]noSv ]c-ky-ambpw.
apl- - Z v \ _n X\np e`n kXy- k - t iw kaq- l - ns
apn kanp. Ahsc A-hn-izm-k--fn \npw A\m-Nm-c-fn \npw tamNn-n-m ]c-am-h[n {ianp. A{I-a-n\pw A\oXn-p-sa-Xnsc i_vZnp. Ao-e-Xbpw \ne--Xbpw Ah-km-\n-nm-\m-h-iy-sp. kp-Nn-X-amb tKm{X-a-ln-a-bp-sSbpw IpSn-e-amb
IpSpw-_-s-cp-a-bp-sSbpw t]cn-ep s]m {]I-S-\-s-Xnsc
\ne-sImp. km-nI Nqj-W-pw Ahbvv Imh-en-cn-p
hymP-ssZ-h-p-sa-Xnsc P\-sf t_m[-h-cnp. CsXmw
Ccp- ns in- I sf AXyw {]tIm- ] n- X - c mn. Ah aX- nsbpw ssZh--fp-sSbpw t]cn P\-sf Cf-n-hnp. IpSpw_
Nn-I-sfbpw tKm{X-hn-Im-c--sfbpw sXmp-Wn. As\ Ah
{]hm-N-I-scbpw A\p-N-c-m-scbpw ITn-\-ambn ]oUn-np. sImSnb
A{I-a-aZ\--f-gn-p-hnp. kpa--sb-tm-ep--hsc {Iqc-ambn sImes-Spn. _nem, Am, bmkn, Jm_v, Jpss__v t]mep
{]hm-N-Is A\p-N-c-msc hnh-c-Wm-Xo-X--fmb t{Zml-n-cbmn. KXy--c-an-msX hnizm-kn-I-fn-semcp kwLw FtXym-]y-bntev ]em- b \w sNbv X - t m Ahv Ahn- s Sbpw sskzcw
\ImsX A`bw e`n-m-Xn-cn-m BhXpw {ianp. {]hm-N-Is\bpw Ah shdpsX hnn. ]cn- l mkw sImpw sXdn- m- psImpw Xr]vX-cm-hmsX, \a-kvI-cn-p-sIm-n-cns At-l-ns
Igp-n H-I-ns No-fn IpSame sImnp. CXpsIm-smpw aXn-bm-msX \_nXncp-ta-\n-sbbpw IqsS-bp hnizmkn-I-sfbpw kmaqly _ln-jvI-c-W-n\v hnt[-b-cmn. Cu D]-
10
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
tcm[w aqp -hjw XpSp.

Cs\ Imew- I Ghpw sImSnb A{I- a - a Z- \ - pw
sImepw hnt[-b-ambn a-bn hnizm-k-nk-aqlw \o ]Xn-aqp
hjw Ign- p- I qn. Ah {]Xn- t cm- [ - nt\m {]Xn- I m- c - nt\m
apXnn. AXn-\-hv A\p-hm-Z-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n. Amcyw JpB Cs\ Hman-n-pp: ""Bbp-[-sa-Sp-msX ssII ASn- s h- pI, \a- k v I mcw \njv T - t bmsS \nh- l n- pI, kImv
\IpI; Cn[w \ntZ-in--s P\-Xsb \o Int?'' (4:77)
Xs
A\p-bm-bn-I
{Iqc-amb aZ\-n-c-bm-bn-smn-cp--tm Ah-tcmSv an-m-\m-h-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw ]c-tem-Iv
e`n-m\n-cn-p {]Xn-^-es kw_-nv kphm Adn-bn-pI- b p- a m- b n- c pp {]hm- N - I sNbv X p- s Im- n- c p- Xv . Jp- B s
\ntZihpw AXp-X-s-bm-bn-cpp. ""hniz-kn--htc, \n abn-eq-sSbpw \a-kvIm-c-n-eq-sSbpw Znhy-k-lmbw tXSpI. Xobmbpw Amlp a ]men-p--h-tcm-sSm--amWv. ssZhnI amKn h[n--s-Sp--h "acn--hcm'sWv \n ]d-b-cpXv. A;
Ah Pohn-n-cn-p--h Xs-bmWv. ]t, Ah-cpsS PohnXw
\n-\p-`-h-s-Sp-n-sp am{Xw.'' (Jp-B 2:153,154)
sImSnb aZ- \ - n- S - b nepw {]hm- N - I \pw A\p- N - c - mcpw
{]t_m- [ \ {]h- \ - A`w- K pcw XpSp. am \nhm- k nIv am{X-a; AhnsS ki-\-n-s\-n-b-hpw kXy-k-ti- kanp. A-s\-bmWv Hcp sNdp-kwLw bYvcn_p \nhmkn- I Ckv e mw kzoI- c n- m- \ n- S - b m- b Xv . {]hm- N - I - X z- ns
]{mw hjw lv Imev Fgp-]-p t]c-S-p Hcp
{]Xn-\n-[n-kwLw ]c-a -c-l-ky-ambn cmhns Ccp-fn \_n Xncp-ta\nsb kao-]np. Ah kmKw kzoI-cn--tXm-sSmw {]hm-N-Ipw
A\p-N-c-mpw bYvcn_n A`bw \Im k-X {]I-Sn-np-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv Ckvem-an-I-N-cn-{X-nse Hcp alm-kw-`-hhpw
hhn-P-b-hp-am-bn-cpp. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Ah-cpsS hmKvZm\w kzoIcnv Ah-cp-ambn Icm-dn-tesp. CXv cmw AJ_m DS--Sn-bmbmWv Ncn-{X-n Adn-b-s-Sp-Xv.
{]hm-N-Is\ kzoI-cn-pI hgn X FmWv sNp--sXv
bYvcn-_p-Im \mbn a\-n-em-n-bn-cpp. Ah-cpsS kwL-nse
Ghpw {]mbw-Ip-d AwKw kA-vZv_v\p-kp-dmd Xs Iqp-ImtcmSv ]d hmp- I CXv hy- a m- pp: ""bYv c n- _ p- I mtc,
\nq. Am-lp-hns ZqX-\m-sWv Adn-p-sImp Xs-bmWv
\mw Ct-ls kao-]n-Xv. Ct-ls \mw Iqn-smp t]mhpXv apgp-h Ad-_n-I-fp-tSbpw i{XpX Wnp hcp--em-bn-cnpw.
Xqew \n- f psS bphm- fpw {]nb- s - - h cpw h[n- - s Spw.
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
11
\np-ta hmfp-I Bp-]-Xnpw. CXn-s\-m-ap kl-\in \np-s-n Ct-ls kzoI-cn-p-sIm-pI. {]Xnêw Am-lp-hn--emWv. AYhm, \nv AIta `bw tXmpp-sh-n AXp Xpd-p-]-d-bp-Ibpw Ct-ls hnt-p-Ibpw
sNpI. AXm-bn-cnpw Am-lp-hn- IqSp-X kzoImcyw.''
bYvcn_v kwL-nse asm-cwKw Amkp_v\p D_mZ ]dp:
""Jkv-d-Pv tKm-{Xta! Ct-l-tmSv GXp-Xcw {]Xn--bmWv \n
sNp-Xv Fv Btem-Nnp t\mn-bn-ptm? Nph--hcpw Idp-h-cp-amb kIe a\p-jy-tcmSpw bpw sNp-sa {]Xn--bmWv
\n sNp-Xv. \n-fpsS kzn\v \mi-tap-Ibpw t\Xm-m h[n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-tm Ct-ls Ism-gn-m-samWv Icp-Xp--sX-n AXn-tm Xs sNbvtX-pI. FmeXv Cl-nepw ]c-nepw \ny-Xbpw \oN-Xz-hp-amWv. kv
\in-p-Ibpw t\Xm- h[n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXmepw \n
sNbvX {]Xn ]men-p-sa-n am{Xw Ct-ls kzoI-cn-psIm-pI. Am-lp-hmWv kXyw; Cl-nepw ]c-nepw AXmWp- aw.''
Atm Ah-scm--Sw ]dp: ""k-ns \mihpw t\Xm-fpsS ac-Whpw Rp {]iv\-a. Xo-bmbpw R Atls kzoI-cnpw. {]Xn ]men-m Rsv {]Xn-ê-amWv e`n-pI, {]hm-N-Itc?'' Atlw {]Xn-h-Nnp: ""kzKw.''
cm{Xn-bpsS \n-_vZ-X-bn AJ-_-bnse ae-ap-I-fn-sem-nshp
\S Cu DS-Sn Bcpw Adn-n-cn-n-s-mWv Fm-hcpw [cnXv. Fm DS-Sn ]qn-bm-b-tm-tgpw Hcm Dds hnfnp
]d-bp-Xv Ah tIp: ""Jpssd-in-Itf, apl-Zpw Iqcpw AXm
bp-n\p hw Iqpp.''
X-fpsS clkyw tNmnb Nmc-s\bpw Iqm-fn-I-sfbpw t\cnSm Xm- d mb Amkp_v \ p D_mZ {]hm- N - I - t \mSp tNmZnp:
""Xmsf kXy-k-t-i-hp-ambn Ab--h-\mWv kXyw. Xm A\ph-Zn-p-I-bm-sW-n Cu hmfp-ambn \mfs {]`m-X-n Xs
an\m-bpsS ta R B{I-aWw \Smw.''
{]hm-N-Is {]Xn-I-cWw CXm-bn-cpp: ""\mw AXn\v Bm]n--s-n-n. \n \n-fpsS hn{i-a--e-tv t]mbn-smpI.''
{]hm-N-Ipw A\p-N-c-mpw Bbp-[-sa-Sp-m Atmfw
A\p-hmZw e`n-n-cp-n-sv CXv Ak-n-Kv[-ambn hy-am-pp.
Icm-dns\ XpSv a-bnse apkven-wI Hmtcm-cp-cmbn bYvcn_n-tev ]em-b\w sNm XpSn. ]c-a-c-l-ky-am-bmWv Ah
12
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
a-tbmSp hnS-]-d-Xv. Fm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Cu Xntcm-[m\w

i{Xp--fn Bizm-k-a; Bi--bmWv krjvSn-Xv. X aZ-\ sImv AS- n- \ nn- b n- c p {]hm- N - I pw A\p- b m- b nIpw sskzc- a mbn hnl- c n- m\pw aX- { ]- N m- c Ww \S- m\pw
]pXnb CSw e`n-Xv Ahsc AXy-[nIw Atem-k-c-s-Spn. {]hmN-Is ]em-b\w XS-bm\pw At-l-ns IY-I-gn-m\pw Ah
Xocp-am-\np. AXn-\mbn ]Xn Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp. a-bnse
_\q-lm-in-a-m Fm IpSpw-_--fn \npw Hmtcm-cp-sc sXcs-Spv \_nsb sImm Npa-X-e-s-Spn. Ah \_n-Xn-cpta-\n-bpsS hoSv hfp. Fm Znhy-k-lm-b-m {]hm-N-I
hnkv a - b - I - c - a mw- h n[w c- s p. Cu kw`- h - s - n Jp- B
Cs\ ]dp: ""\ns XS-hn-em-p-Itbm h[n-p-I-f-bp-Itbm
\mSp-I-S-p-Itbm sNm-\mbn kXy-\n-tj-[n-I \n\-s-Xnsc X{- f m- h n- j v I - c npsImn- c p k`w! Ah X- f psS X{w
{]tbm-Kn-p-sIm-n-cpp. Am-lpthm, Ahs X{hpw {]tbmKnp. X{w {]tbm-Kn-p--h-cn AXyp--a Am-lp-Xs.''
(8:30)
bYvcn-_p-Im {]hm-N-Is\ kzoI-cn-Xv ]em-b\w sNbvsX-nb
Hc-`-bmYn F \ne-bn-e. adnv, X-fpsS alm-\mb t\Xmhpw
BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bp-sa \ne-bn-emWv. X-fpsS \Kc- n\v Ah {]hm- N - I s ]WwaZo- \ - p_n F t]cpt]mepw \In. CXv a-bnse i{Xp-sf IqSp-X Atem-k-c-sSpn. Ah aZo-\-m-cpsS t\Xmhv A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_-ns\
kzm[o-\n-m {ianp. {]hm-N-Is BK-a-\-n\p apv aZo-\-m
At-ls t\Xm-hmbn sXc-s-Sp-n-cpp. Ahn-Ss {]apJ
tKm{X--fmb Hukn-sebpw Jkvd-Pn-sebpw `qcn-]w Ckvemw
kzoI- c n- - t XmsS Cu {iaw ]cm- P - b - s - S p- I - b m- b n- c pp.
A_vZpmln_v\p D_-n CXp-m-nb Aajw {]hm-N-Ipw
A\p- b m- b n- I p- s a- X nsc Xncn- p- h n- S m Jpssd- i n- I {ianp.
Ah At-l-n-s\-gpXn: ""\n R-fpsS Bv \n-fpsS
\mn A`bw \In-bn-cn-p-I-bmWv. \n Abmsf FXnpItbm ]pd-m-p-Itbm thW-sav R-fnXm ssZhs BWbnp ]d-bpp. Csn R H-s-mbn \nsf B{I-anpw.
\n-fpsS ]pcp-j-msc h[n-p-Ibpw kv{XoIsf ASn-a-I-fm-p-Ibpw
sNpw.''
\mSpw -hoSpw kzpw kz-m-cp-apssS Fmw Dt]-nv
]em-b\w sNbvX-ti-jhpw sskzcw \ImsX òj-Wnbpw Ipgw
Ipn- s m- m- \ p {iahpw XpS- t m- g mWv Amlp {]hm- N Ipw A\p-N-c-mpw bp-n\v A\p-aXn \In-bXv. lnPvd
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
13
Hmw hjw Zpl-n-emWv CXp-m-bXv. CXp kw_--amb

Jp-B kq- Nne hkvXp-X-I Ak-n-Kv[-ambn hy-ampp.
1. bp-n-\n-c-bm-b-Xn-\m-emWv Xncnv bpw sNm A\p-h-Zn-s-Xv. AYhm; kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS ta bpw ASn-tn-s-Sp-I-bm-bn-cpp.
2. kzw hoSp-I-fn \npw \mn \npw Bn-tbm-Sn--sv
ISp AXn-{I-a-n\pw A\o-Xnpw Cc-bm-b-hmWv bpm-\paXn \I-s-Xv.
3. "R- f psS \mY Am- l p- h m- s W'v ]dv hnizmkw
{]Jym-]n-p-sh--X-msX Hcp sXpw apkvenw-I sNbvXn-cp-n.
i{Xp-v Ah-cpsS ta asmcp Iphpw Btcm-]n-m-\p-m-bncp-n.
4. Ccw k`--fnepw {]Xn-tcm-[m-\p-aXn \I-s-Sp-nsn `qan-bn ISp \mi-am-Wp-m-hpI. hnhn[ aX-k-aq-l-fpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b- kpc-n-X-ambn \ne-\np-I-bn.
5. Ctmp bpw sNp--h-tcm-SmWv Xncnp bpw sNt-Xv.
6. Acw L-fnepw ]cn-[n-hn-S-cpXv. AXn-{Iaw AcpXv. JpB 2: 190-se "AXn-{Iaw AcpXv' F \ntZiw hni-Zo-I-cn-psImv knZv A_p AAvem auZqZn Fgp-Xpp: ""kXy-amKn {]Xn-_---fp-m-m--h-cpsS t\sc \n ssI Dbcp-Xv. bp-n A\nkvem-anI amK--fp-]-tbm-Kn--cp-Xv. kv{XoIsfbpw Ipn-I-sfbpw hr-m-scbpw apdn-th--h-scbpw Itw sNcp-Xv. i{Xp-]-v sIm-s--hsc AwK-tOZw sNbvXv hnIr-X-am-cp-Xv. Irjn--e--sfbpw Imen-I-sfbpw A\m-h-iy-ambn \inn--cp-Xv. Ccw arKo-bhpw A{I-a-]-c-hp-amb kIe {]hr-nbpw
"AXn-{Ia'ns \nh-N-\-n s]Sp--Xm-Wv. Ah-sbmw \_nh-N-\-n \ntcm-[n--s-n-p-v. _e-{]-tbmKw, IqSmsXIgn-bm-tSv am{Xw \S-p-I, Bh-iy-ap-{X am{Xw \S-pI F-XmWv
Cu hmIy-ns Dt-iyw.''(X^vlo-ap Jp-B. `mKw 1, ]pdw
134)
7. Ctmp sNbvX AXn-{I-a-v Xpey-\n-e-bn Xncn--Snm A\p-hm-Z-apv.
8. ^nXv\ AYhm, hnizmk kzmX-{y-apssS auen-Im-h-Imi- \ntj-[nv ASn--an B[n-]Xyw \S- sIme-tb-m
Kpcp- X - c hpw {Iqc- h p- a mWv . "^nXv \ 'bpsS hnh knZv auZqZn
Cs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-pp: ""ChnsS ^nXv\ F hmv Cwo-jn
Persecution F hmns AtX AY-n-emWv D]-tbm-Kn-n-p--
14
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
Xv. AXm-bXv Hcp hyntbm ]mntbm \ne-hn-ep BZi knm--fpsS m\v ap Nne BZi knm-- kXy-sa-pIv kzoI- c n- p- I bpw hnai\ {]t_m- [ - \ - hgn kap- Z m- b nse \ne-hn-ep hyh--bn ]cn-jvI-cWw hcp-p-hm {ianp-Ibpw sNp-p-sh GI Imc-W-m Ahsc A{I-a-aZ-\n-c-bm-p-I. a\p-jys cw Nnp-I hfsc No {]hrn
Xs. a\p-jy-cn-semcp hn`mKw X-fpsS Nnm-]-c-amb B[n-]Xyw
A\y-cpsS ta \n_--]qhw shp-sI-p-Ibpw P\- kXyw
kzoI-cn-p--Xns\ _ew {]tbm-Knp XS-bp-Ibpw kwkvI-c-W-n\p \ymbhpw _pn-]qhhpamb ]cn-{i-a-sf sXfn-hp-IsImv
t\cn-Sp--Xn\p ]Icw arKo-b-in-sImv t\cn-Sm XpS-p-Ibpw
sNp-tm sIme-]m-X-Ism ITn-\-X-c-amb sXmWv hmkvXh-n-e-h sNp--Xv.''(X-^vlo-ap Jp-B 1/135)
9. bpw \njn--amb akvPn-Zp ldm-an shm-bmepw i{Xp Ctmv t]mcmw \S-n-bm Xncnv s]mcp-Xm-hp--XmWv.
Fm an-S--fn-se--t]mse Ahn-sS-shpw BZyw bp-am-cw-`nm-h-X.
10. bpw A\n-hm-cy-ambn hcp-tm AXn\v Bm-]n--sm hnp-\nm-h-X. bpw A\n-jvS-I-c-am-sW-nepw.
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
15
bp-Im-cy-n CXn-t\-m DZm-chpw \oXn-]qhhpw am\p-jnIhpw hnp-ho-gvNm-]-c-hp-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn asm-cm-Zitam

aXtam P\-Xtbm Ctmfw Dm-bn-n-s--XmWv hkvXpX. kaIm-eo\ temIpw CXn\p kam-\X ImWpI km[y-a.
cv
BZy bpw
""\ns \mY ae-p-Iv t_m[\w \Inb k`w. Rm
\n-tfm-sSm--apv. \n hnizm-kn-Isf Dd-np \npI. kXy\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS a\-p-I-fn Rm CXm òXn-bp-Wpp. \n
Ah-cpsS IWvT--fn shpI. kn-I tXmdpw shpI. Ah
Am- l p- t hmSpw Ahs ZqX- t \mSpw amcyw ImWn- - X n- \ m- e mWnXv.'' (Jp-B 8: 12, 13)
{]hm-NI Pohn-X-nse {]Ya ]S-tbm--ns ]m--e-n
Ah-XoWamb hmIy-am-WnXv.
am \nhm-kn-I-fpsS kndn-b-bn-te-p I-h-S-bm{X aZo\ hgnbm-bn-cpp \S-n-cp-Xv. AXn-\m aZo-\-bpsS \nb-{Ww \_n
Xncp-ta-\n-bn-en-X-am-bXv a-bnse i{Xp-sf AXy-[nIw Atemk-c-s-Spn. Ah {]hm-N-Ipw At-l-ns t\Xr-Xz-n-ep
\h-PmX Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-n-\p-sa-Xnsc ]e-hn[ KqVm-tem-N-\I-fn-ep-tasp. AXns `mK-ambn, aZo-\-bnse {]hm-N-I-km-n-[yn Akz-X A\p-`-hn-n-cp A_vZpmln_v\p D_-n\v Ahsc- g pXn: ""\n R- f psS Bv \n- f psS \mn A`bw
\In-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. \n Abmsf FXnp-Itbm ]pd-mp-Itbm thW-sav R-fnXm ssZh-n kXyw sNbvXp ]dbp-p. As-n R H-s-mbn \nsf B{I-an-pw. \nfpsS ]pcp-j-msc h[n-pw. kv{XoIsf ASn-a-I-fm-pw.''
Cu Iv Dbn-n-Snv A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_v aZo-\-bn
B`y-c {]iv\--fp-m-m {ian-p-sIm-n-cp-p. AtXm-sSmw
{]hm-N-Ipw A\p-bm-bn-Ipw A`bw \In-b-Xns t]cn aZo-
16
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
\-msc t{Zmln-m\pw i{Xp- B{K-ln-p-Ibpw {ian-p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cp-p. aZo-\-m-cpsS t\Xmhv kA-Zp_v\p apBZv Dwd \nhln-m-\mbn a-bn-tep t]mb-tm i{Xp--fpsS t\Xmhv A_qPlv At-ltmSp ]dp: ""R-fpsS aX-n\nv sXn-bhv \n A`bw \In-bn-cn-p-p. Ahv klmb kl-Ic-W- \Ip-sav Ah-Im-i-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Fnv Xm\ntm a-bn \n`-b-ambn IAv_sb Xzhm^v sNp--Xv(-Np-p-Xv) Rm ImWp-Ibpw sNp-p-h-tm. \o Dans AXn-Ynbm-bn-cp-n-s-n Poh-\pw-sImv Xncn-p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-.''
CXp- t I kAZv {]Xn- h - N np: ""Am- l p- h mW! Fs \o
CXn\nv XS-m \ns Rm CXnepw Kuc-h-am-b-Xn \nv
XS-bpw aZo-\-bn-eqsSbp \ns bm{X-bn\n-v.''
a-bnse FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS Cu KqV-{i-a-fpw {Iqc-Nn--Ifpw
\mbn a\-n-em-nb \_n Xncp-ta\n Jpssd-in-I-fpsS \o-
\nco-n-m\pw aZo-\-bn-eq-sS-bp I-h-S-bm{X XS-bm-\p-ambn Nne
Nmc-kw-L-sf \ntbm-Kn-m XpSn. Nne kwL-v {]hmN-I Xs t\XrXzw \Ip-I-bp-mbn. Fm bptam i{Xpsf t\cn-Stem Cu \nco--W-kw-L--fpsS ey-am-bn-cp-n.
X-fpsS ta NmSn-ho-gm ss[cy-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-amdv FXn-cm-fn-I-fn
òXn hfepw Ah-cpsS cl-ky-\o-- a\-n-em--ep-am-bncpp apJy Dtiyw. a-m-cpsS I-h-S-kw-L--fn NneXv cmbn-c-tmfw H-I-fpw A-Xn-\m-bncw Zo\m hne-h-cp Nc-pI-fp-ap--h-bm-bn-cpp. Ah òj-Wn-n-c-bm-hp-p-sv t_m[y-ambm X-fp-ambn kam-[m-\-n hn-m i{Xp- \n_n-X-cm-hp-sav {]hm-N-I\pw A\p-N-c-mcpw {]Xo-np.
lnPv d cm- w hjw dP_v amk- n \_n Xncp- t a\n
A_vZpm-ln_v\p Plvins t\Xr-Xz-n Hcp kwLw aplm-PndpIsf \nco-I kwL-ambn \ntbm-Knp. cp Znh-ks bm{Xp
tijta Xpdp hmbn-mhq F \n_--\-tbmsS Hcp Iv Atls Gn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AX-\p-k-cnv cp \mfp-Ip
tijw Iv Xpdp t\mnbtm AXn Cs\
FgpXnbncpp: ""Cu Fgpv hmbnp Ign-m a-bp-sSbpw
XzmC- ^ n- s bpw CS- b n- e p \Jv e - h sc t]mhpI. AhnsS \nv
Jpssd-in-I-fpsS \o- \nco-nv ]Tnv \s hnh-c-a-dn-bn-pI.''
kwL-n-ep-m-bn-cp kA-Zp_v\p A_ohJmkp-p-lvcnbpw
DXv_-Xp_v\p Kkvhm\pw i{Xp--fpsS ]nSnbns] X-fpsS HI-sf tXSn-tmbn. Fm Jpssd-in-I Ah-scbpw ]nSn-IqSn
_-\--cm-p-I-bm-Wp-m-bXv. A_vZp-m-ln-_v\p-Plviv Ahti-jn Iqp-Im-tcm-sSm-nv aptm-p-\on. Atm Awdp_v\p-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
17
lZvd-an-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n-ep Hcp Jpssdin I-h-S-kwLw AXphgn ISp t]mIp-p-m-bn-cpp. \nco--I-kwLw Ahsc t\cnp.
As\ Ah Awdp_v\plZvd-ansb h[n-p-Ibpw cp-t]sc _nI-fm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
I-h-S--c-p-I-tfm-sSmw cp _n-I-sf-bp-ambn A_vZp-mln_v\p-Plviv {]hm-NI kn-[n-bn-sen. Fm \_n Xncp-ta\n
AsXmpw Gp-hm-m Xm-dm-bn. am{X-a A_vZp--sbbpw
kwL-sbpw ITn-\-ambn Ip-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atlw
]dp: ""Cu hnip amkw bpw sNm Rm \nv A\phmZw \In-bn-cp-n-tm.'' Jpssd-in-I Cu Ah-kcw \m-bp-]tbm-Knp. bpw hne--s BZ-c-Wob amk-n cw NnpIbpw kzp ]nSn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xns t]cn {]hm-N-Is\bpw A\p-N-c-m-scbpw Ah cq-ambn Bt-]np. Jp-B
cmw A[ymbw 217-mw kqw Ah-XoW-am-bXv Cu ]m--en- e mWv . AXn- s\ hmbnmw: ""]cn- i p- - a m- k - s - p- d nv -
AXn bpw sNp-Xp kw_-nv Ah \ntmSp tNmZnpp. ]d-bpI: AXn bpw sN Kpcp-X-c-amb Imcyw Xs.
Fm ssZh-amK-n \nv P\s XS-bepw Ahs\ Xn-d-bepw akvPn-Zp ldm-an \nv P\-sf XS-bepw Xt-io-bsc
Ahn-sS-\nv _ln-jvI-cn--ep-amWv Am-lp-hn- IqSp-X KpcpXcw. "^nXv\' AYhm _e-{]-tbm-K-n-eqsS P\-sf hnizm-kn \nv hne- sImesbm Kuc-h-ap--Xs{X. Ahp
km[n-psan \n-fpsS aX-n \nv \nsf ]nn-cn-n-p-Xp-hsc Ah \n-tfmSp bpw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cnpw.''
CXv apkvenw-Iv AXy-[nIw Bizm-k-taIn. Ah-cpsS hi-apm-bn-cp _n-Isf i{Xp--fpsS ]nSn-bns]-n-cp kA-vZnpw
DXv_pw ]I-c-ambn ssIamdn. Fm Ah-cn-sem-cm lIap_v\p ssIkm Ckvemw kzoI-cnv aZo-\-bn Xs Xp-Ibm-Wp-m-bXv.
Cu kw`hw Ccp-hn-`m-K-nepw Pm{KX hfn. `bm-i--Iv
in ]Ip. Cu L-n-emWv A_q-kp^vbms t\Xr-Xz-n
hn Hcp hym]m-c-kwLw kndn-b-bn-tev ]pd-s-Xv. òj-Wn-tbXp-an-msX I-hS kwL-ns bm{X kpK-a-ambn \S-m AXp
krjvSn-t-m-hp Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xym-Lm-X--sf-n {]hm-N-I
XnIpw t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cpp. AXp-sImv Xs A_qkp^vbms
bm{X XS-bm-\p-t-in \_nXncp-ta-\nbpw Iqp-Imcpw Dssi-d-bn-tev
]pd-sp. Fnepw Ah-scpw aps I-hS kwLw AXp-hgn
IS-p-t]m-bn-cpp. AXn-\m aSbm-{X-bn Ahsc t\cn-Sm-sav
{]hm-N-I Xocp-am-\np. AX-\p-k-cnv A\p-bm-bn-Isf hnfn-p-Iqn
18
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
IqSn- b m- t em- N np. Fm A_q- k p^v - b m\pw kwLhpw hnh- c sfmw At\z-jn--dnpsImn-cpp. aS--bm{X XS-b-s-Sm-\nS-bp-sp a\-n-em-nb Ah X-fpsS bm{Xm kwLs aplZpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw XS-n-cn-p-p-shpw klm-b-n\v BfpIsf Abp Xc-W-sapw Bh-iy-sv fwfap_v\pKn^m-cnsb
a-bn-te--bp.
fwfw a-bnsNv Xs H-I-ns sNhn-I-f-dpv aqp-apdnv Po\n Xe-Io-gmn kzw hkv{Xw apnepw ]nnepw ]nnon H-I-p-dp Ibdn hnfn-p-]-dp: ""Jpssd-in-Itf, \nfpsS kzsms A_q-kp-^vbms hi-amWv. apl-Zpw Iqcpw
AXp XS-p-sh-n-cn-pp. AXv C\n \nv Inp-sav tXmpn. AXn-\m klm-bn-pI.''
CXp-tI A_qP-lv P\-sf Hcp-an-p-Iqn. {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw
A\p-N-c-m-tcm-Sp-ap shdpv ]c-am-h[n hfm\pw Ahsc kac
k- a m- m\pw Atlw Bhpwhn[w {ianp. AtXmsS
Jpssdine-h-msc-mw bp-n\p k--ambn. Adp-\qdp IhN- [ m- c n- I fpw \qdv IpXncS- b mfnIfpapssS Bbnctmfw
tbmm khm-bp[ k-cmbn ]pd-sp. I-hS kwLs
c-s-Sp- am{X-am-bn-cp-n Ah-cpsS eyw. X-fpsS i{Xpsf Dqe\w sN-em-bn-cpp Dtiyw. AXn-\m-emWv A_q-kp^vbms t\Xr-Xz-n-ep I-hS kwLw c-s hnh-c-a-dn-ti-jhpw aZo-\sb B{I-an-m Ah aptmp \on-bXv.
i{Xp--fpsS \o- a\-n-em-nb \_nXncp-ta\n A\p-N-cmsc hnfn-p-Iqn hnh-c-a-dn-bnp. hSp `mKv I-hS kwLhpw
sXp `mK-v ssk\yhpw hs-p-I-bm-sWpw AXn-\m GXp
`mK-t-mWv \ot--sXpw Ah-tcmSp IqSn-bm-tem-Nnp. aplmPn- d p- I - f psS t\Xmhv anJvZmZpw Akm- d p- I - f psS \mb- I
kAvZp_v\pap-BZpw Xocp-am\w {]hm-N-I\p hnp-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
Fp Iev]n-mepw ]qW-ambpw A\p-k-cn-m k--am-sW-dn-bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtX XpSv I-hS kwL-s-b;
Xsf XIm hcp Jpssdin ssk\y-s-bmWv t\cn-tS-sXv Xocp-am-\-ambn.
aZo-\sb B{I-anv Iogvs-Sp-m-\mbn khm-bp[ k-cmbn
Cd-n-n-cn Bbn-c-tmfw hcp i{Xp-sf t\cn-Sm Xmsd-Sp apkvenw ssk\y-n-ep-m-bn-cp-Xv tIhew apq-dn ]cw
t]cm-bn-cpp. ctm aqtm t]p am{Xta IpXnc Dm-bn-cppq. Fgp-]Xv H-I-amWv Ah-cpsS hi-ap-m-bn-cp-Xv. AXn-\m
aqpw \mepw t]v Hmtcm H-I-n-t amdn-amdn bm{X sNtn-hp.
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
19
Ccp-hn-`m-K-n\pw Cu t]mcm-hpw AXns êhpw \nWm-bI- a m- b n- c pp. Fm ùXn- I - a mb Hcp am\Z- a - \ p- k - c npw
apkvenwIv Hpw hnP-b-km-[yX Dm-bn-cp-n. aqn-cn hcp
h ssk\y-s-bmWv Ahv t\cn-Sm-\p-m-bn-cp-Xv. Bbp[
tijn-bnepw i{Xp- At\IaSv apn-em-bn-cpp. AtXm-sSmw
bp-n ]cm-P-b-s-m AXv Ckvem-an-sbpw apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpw
kaqe \miw A\n-hm-cy-am-p-Ibpw sNpw. Cu kml-N-cy-n
ap-kvenw-I-fpsS hnizmk ZmVyhpw B-hn-izm-khpw [oc-Xbpw a\-cppw Db-tc-Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cpp. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb kq-fmWv hnip Jp-B-\nse Fmw A[ym-b-nse ]{pw ]Xnaqpw kq DsSp BZy-`m-K-p-Xv.
hnip Jp-B-\nse Cu kq- ]Ip \Inb hnizmk
ssNX-\yhpw {]hm-N-Is D]-tZ-i \ntZi-fpw apkvenw-Isf hnPb-n-tep \bnp. lnPvd cmw hjw da-Zm ]-Xn-t\-gn\p \S _Zv bpw kXy-ns sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb hnP-b-n\v hgnsbm-cpn. Hcp sNdp-kwLw h in-tbmSv Gpapn t\Snb Cu
hnPbw am\h Ncn-{X-n \nXy hnkva-b-ap-Wp alm-Zv`p-Xambn \ne-sIm-pp.
_Zv apkvenw-I Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv kwL-Sn-n bp-a.
AXv {]hm-N-I-sbpw A\p-N-c-m-cpsSbpw ta hp-tN-cp-I-bm-bncpp. A-c-samcp kml-N-cy-n Amlp \Inb \ntZ-i-fmWv Jp-B Fmw A[ym-b-nse 12, 13 kq--fn-ep-Xv.
GXp ka-bpw Fhn-sSbpw apgp-h kXy \ntj-[-pw i{Xppw FXnsc \S-m-m-\p Iev]-\-I-f Ah. adnv _Zvdnte-Xp-t]m-ep A\n-hmcy kml-N-cy--fn am{Xw {]tbm-K-hcn-m-\p--h-bmWv.
_Zv-dn hnizm-kn-Isf hnP-b-n-tep \bn-Xv Am-lp-hns
A]m-c-amb klm-b-amWv. B klm-b-ns kz`mhw hni-Z-o-I-cnp-h IqSn-bmWv 8: 12, 13 kq-. Amlp ae-p-I-fn-eqsS
\ntZiw \In hnizm-kn-I-fn-eqsS \S-m-nb Imcy-am-Wh hniZo-I-cn-p-Xv. bp-sa-m lkvX-Zm-\hpw Benw-K-\-hp-a-tm.
AXv shpw Ippw sIme-bp-sam-s--s-bmWv. Fm hfsc
A\n-hmcy kml-N-cy-n AXym-h-iy-am-b{X am{Xta AXm-Imhq
Fv Jp-B \njvIjn-pp. AXpw i{Xp- hnc-anpwhsc
am{Xw. AXp-sImp Xs {]hm-N-Is Ime-p-\S 81 bp-fn-embn 259 hnizm-kn-Ifpw 759 i{Xp--fp-apssS 1018 t] am{XamWv h[n--s-Xv. bpw A\n-hm-cy-ambn h-tmgpw Poh-\jvSw
]c-am-h[n Ipd-bvm-\mWv {]hm-N-I\pw A\p-N-c-mcpw {ian-Xv.
Ckvemw Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xpw AXp-Xs. Atd-_y-bn Ckvemw
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
20
hcp-n-b-Xp-t]m-ep ka-{Khpw hym]-I-hp-amb hnhw krjvSn-m

A{Xbpw t]cpsS Poh-\-jvSta thnhp-q-sh-Xv Fpw alm
hnkva-b-am-bm-W-\p-`-h-s-Sp-Xv. Fm-e-sbpw Ncn{XImc-msc
AZv`pX kvX_v[cm-p Hs{X CXv.
Jp-B Fmw A[ym-b-nse 7 apX 17 hscbpw 42 apX
47 hscbpw aqmw A[ym-b-nse 13--m-a-sbpw kq- Cu
bp-ns ]m--e-n Ah-XoW-am-b-h-bm-Wv.
aqv
kn ewLn--h-tcm-Sp kao-]\w
""AXn-\m
bpw \njn--amb amk- ]nn-m ]ns _lpssZh hnizm-kn-Isf FhnsS Imepw sImp-I-f-bpI. Ahsc
_n-I-fm-pI. D]-tcm-[n-pI. Ahmbn Fm aa--e-fnepw ]Xn-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI. AYhm, Ah ]m--]n-pIbpw \a-kvImcw \njvT-tbmsS \nh-ln-p-Ibpw kImv \IpIbpw sNp-p-sh-n Ahsc hnt-pI. Amlp Gsd amt-Ip-h\pw Zbm-]-c-\p-atm.'' (Jp-B 9-:5)
""\n Ah- t cmSv bpw sNpI. \n- f psS ssII- f m
Amlp Ahsc innpw. \nn-X-cmpw. Ahs-Xnsc Ah
\nsf klm-bnpw. hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-n\v a\-p-J-ta-Ip-Ibpw
sNpw.'' (Jp-B 9: 14)
Ah-X-cW ]m--ehpw appw ]np-ap `mK-fpw Adn-bm- h - c n Cu kq- sXp- [ m- c W krjv S n- m- \ n- S - b pv .
Ckvemw kzoI-cn-m k--am-hm apgp-h _lp-ssZh hnizmkn-Ip-sa-Xnsc bpw sNm-\p Blzm-\-am-Wn-sX-mWv {]Xy-n tXmpI. Fm, {]hm-N-I-\p-am-bp-m-nb kam-[m\
kn ewLnv AXn- { I- a - n- s \m- c p- nb a- b nse _lp- s sZh
hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv kzoI-cn-t kao-]\w hni-Zo-I-cn-p kq-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
21
- f m- W nh. AXp- s ImpXs Ahpam{Xw _m[IhpamWv .

HXmw A[ym-b-nse \mep apX ]Xn-\p hsc-bp kq ]cn-tim-[n-m CXv Ak-n-Kv[-ambn t_m[y-amIpw.
lnPvd Ggmw hjw \_n(k)bpw a-bnse i{Xp-fpw Xnep-m-nb lpssZ-_n-bm-kn ewLn--h-tcmSpw ewLn-m--htcmSpw kzoI-cn-t hyXykvX kao-]-\- hni-Zo-I-cn-p
hmIy--fm-Wn-h-sbmw.
lnPvd Ggmw hjw {]hm-N-I\pw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Dwd \nhln-m-\mbn abn-tev ]pd-sp. bm{X Bcm-[\ \nh-ln-m
am{Xw eywshm-b-ncpXn-\m Bcpw IqsS Bbp-[-sa-Sp-n-cpn. Fnpw a-bnse _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I Ahsc XS-bpIbpw Dwd \nh-ln-p-Xv hne-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtX XpSpmb ZoL-amb kw`m-j-W-pw N-Ip-sam-Sp-hn-emWv
Ccp-hn-`m-Khpw kn-bn Hp-sh-Xv. Icm hyh--I {]Xy-n apkvenw-I-fpsS Xm]-cy-s-Xn-cm-bn-cpp. Fnpw
kn hyh--I ewLnv AXn-{Iaw ImWn-Xv i{Xp--fmWv.
Cn[w Icm ewL\w \S-n i{XpXm]c-amb kao-]\w kzoIcn AXn-{I-a-Im-cn-I-fpsS Imcy-n Ah-XoW-amb hmIy--fmWnh.
Fm Icm ewLn-mhtcmSv kzoI-cn-t kao-]\w
\mem-a-sbpw Ggm-a-sbpw kq--fn kwi-b-c-ln-X-ambn
hnh-cn-n-pv.
""\n-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes-Sp-Ibpw Fnv AXv ]men-p--Xn
hogvN-sbmpw hcp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw \ns-Xnsc Bscbpw
klm-bn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Iv CXv
_m[-I-a. A-s\-bp--h-tcmSv \nfpw Icm-dns Ah-[n-hsc
AXp- ] m- e n- pI. Fp- s Im- s - m kqv a - X - b p- - h - s cbs{X
Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-Xv'' (9:4)
""kn ewLn Cu _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Iv Am-lp-hnt\mSpw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw h Icmdpw \ne-\np--sX-s\?
akvPn-Zp ldm-an\cnsI shv \n-fp-ambn Icm sNbvX-h-tcm-sSmgnsI. Ah \n-tfmSv icn-bmbn hn-p-t-S-tmfw \n
Ah- t cmSpw \ \ne- b n hn- pI. Fsm Amlp
kqvaX ]men-p--h-sc-bmWv CjvS-s-Sp-Xv.'' (9:7)
bpm-lzm\w Icm ewL\w \S-n-b-h-tcm-Sm-sWv ]{pw
]Xn-aqpw kq- Hcn-IqSn hy-am-pp:
""Icm sNbvX-tijw Ah X-fpsS {]Xn--I ewLn-pIbpw \n-fpsS aXs Ah-tl-fn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n kXy-\n-
22
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
tj-[-ns \mb-I-m-tcmSv \n bpw sNpI. ImcWw AhcpsS {]Xn--Iv Hpw hne-bn. bpw Imc-W-am-sb-nepw
Ah hnc-an-s-ntem,'' ""X-fpsS {]Xn--I ewLn-p-sIm-tbn-cn-p-Ibpw ssZh-Zq-Xs\ \mn \nv ]pdwXm-s\m-cp-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNp P\-tmSv \n bpw sNp-n-stm? A{Iaw BZyw
Bcw-`n-Xv Ah Xs-bm-bn-cp-npw? \n-f-hsc t]Sn-p-pthm?
Ah-tc-m `b-s-Sm Al Am-lp-hs{X. \n hnizmkn-I-sf-n.'' (9 :12,13)
kn-ew-Lnv AXn-{Iaw ImWn--hp-t]mepw X-fpsS \ne]mSv ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-m\pw kao-]-\-n amw hcp-m\pw \mep
amks Ah[n A\p-h-Zn--s-Sp-I-bp-mbn. Cu A[ymbw Bcw`n-p-Xp Xs Amcyw hy-am-n-sm-mWv. ""\n-fp-ambn
kn-sN-bvXn-cp _lpssZh hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Amlphnsbpw
Ahs ZqXsbpw `mKp \np hnapn {]Jym]\anXm:
\n-fn\n \mep amkw \mn sskzc-ambn k-cn-p-sIm-pI. AdnbpI: \nv Amlphns\ ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\m-hn. Fm
Amlp kXy \ntj-[n-Isf \ny-ambn ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-p--h-\mIpp.'' (9: 1-2)
kn-ew-Lnv AXn-{Iaw ImWn--hv \I-s Ah[n Cu
{]Jym-]-\-ap-mb lnPvd HXmw hjw Zplv ]v apX
]mw hjw d_o-D-B-Jn ]p-h-sc-bp \mep amk-am-bncpp. Nm hnt[-b-amb Amw hmIy-nse "bpw \njn--amb
amk-' F-Xns Dtiyw Imem-h[n A\p-h-Zn--s Cu \mep
amk-as{X. AXn-\n-S-bn bp-amb GXp \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-m\pw
i{Xp-v Ah-kcw \I-s-n-cpp. kpc-n-X-amb ktXw
Isn t]mIm-\msW-n AXn\pw, AX, i{XpXm \ne-]mSv
XpS-cm\pw bpw \S-m-\pamWv Xocp-am-\-sa-n AXn\v k-amhm\pw Bh- i y- a mb kabw A\p- h - Z n- - s - S p- I - b m- W p- m- b Xv .
AYhm, Imem-h-[n-p-ti-jhpw Ah-cn \nv Bsc-nepw A`bw
tXSn- h - m AX- \ p- h - Z n- p- I bpw Atmgpw Ahv
Ckvemans\w_nv ]Tnm AhkcsamcppIbpw CjvS-aps- n kzoI- c n- m\pw Cs- n \ncm- I - c n- m\pw A\p- h mZw
\Ip-Ibpw thW-sapw XpSp Bdmw hmIyw hy-am-pp.
Atm- g - h Ckv e mw kzoI- c n- msX kXy- \ n- t j- [ - n- e p- d p
\nmepw Ahsc t{Zml-sam-p-ta]n-msX kpc-n-X-m-\v
Fn-p-sIm-Sp--W-sa-mWv Jp-B Bh-iy-s-SpXv. ""_lpssZh hnizm-kn-I-fn-em-sc-nepw \ntmSv A`bwtXSn -h-m ssZhnI-h-N\w tIm \o Ah-kcw \IpI. ]noSv Ahs\ Xs
kpc-n-X-m-\v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-pI. Ah Adn-hn-m P\-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
23
am-b-Xn-\m Cu hn[-amWv sNt-Xv.'' (9:6)

ZoLamb
]smXv
hjw
{]hmNIs\bpw
A\pbmbnIsfbpw ITn\ambn t{ZmlnpIbpw \mn\nv
BntbmSnpIbpw \mSphn tijhpw sskzcw \ImsX bpw
sNpIbpw Ahkm\w Ccp]Xm-as hjapmnb kam[m\
kn ewLnv AXn{Iaw ImWnp-Ibpw sNbvX abnse sImSnb
i{XptfmSv kzoIcnt \ne]mSm-Wv Cu kq- hni-Zo-Icn-p-Xv. Ckvem-ans i{Xp--fpsS kao-]\w Fp-ap-X ]v
hsc-bp hmIy- Hp-IqSn hni-Zo-I-cn-pp:
""kn-ew-Ln-m--h-c-m _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Imcyn h Icmdpw \ne-\np--sX-s\? Ahp \n-sf -Iogv s ]- S p- m Ign- m ]ns Ah \n- f psS Imcy- n
IpSpw__-tfm kn-hy-h--Itfm Hpw Xs ]cn-K-Wnp-I-bn Fn-cns? kwkm-c-n Ah \nsf {]oXn-s-Spm {ian-pp. Fm Ah-cpsS a\-p-I-fXv \ncm-I-cn-p-IbmWv. Ah-cn-te-sd-tcpw A[a-Im-cn-I-fs{X. Ah XpO-hn-ebvv
ssZhn-I-kq-- hnn-cn-pp. AtXm-sSmw Am-lp-hns amKn \nv P\-sf XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp. F{X-am{Xw lo\amb {]h-\--fmWv Ah sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv. hnizmkn-bpsS Imcy-n Ah c-_-tam kn-hy-h-tbm ]cnK-Wn-p-n. Ah AXn-{Iaw ImWn-p--h Xs.'' (JpB
9: 8-10)
C- s \- s b- m- a m- b n- c p- npw Ahv \mep- a m- k s Ah[n
A\p-h-Zn-p-Ibpw AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv i{XpX Dt]-nv A`bwtXSn
hcp--sX-nepw A`-b-a-\p-h-Zn-p-Ibpw ssZhnI ktiw tIn-tijw kpc-nX m\v Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw thW-sam-Wtm Jp-B Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. C{X-tbsd AXy-pZm-chpw
kln-jvWp-Xm-]-chpw hnp-ho-gvNm-]-c-hp-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
24
BZitam kaq-ltam P\-Xtbm `c-W-Iq-Stam temIv thsd FhnsSbpw Hcn-epw Dm-bn-n.

AtXmsSmw Ctmv bp-n\p hcm apgp-h Aap-kvenwI-tfmSpw kzoI-cn-t kao-]\w Jp-B Ak-n-Kv[-ambn hyam-n-bn-pv: ""aX-ns t]cn \n-tfmSv bpw sNbvXn-n-m-hcpw \nsf \n-fpsS hmk--e--fn \nv ]p-d-m-n-bnn-m--h-cp-amb Bfp-I-tfmSv \-bnepw \oXn-bnepw hn-p-Xv
Amlp hne-p-n. \nw-ibw, \oXn-\n-jvTsc Amlp CjvSs-Spp.'' (60:8)
A{I-a-n-s\m-cp-m A\y-a-X--tcmSv \ \ne-bn hnm\pw \oXn-]qhw s]cp-am-dm-\p-ap Blzm-\hpw Cu hnip--hN\w Dsm-pp.
\mev
Jp-Bs bpm-lzm-\hpw aX-kzm-X-{yhpw

""^nXv\ Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw Zo Am-lp-hn\mbn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-Xp-hsc \n Ah-tcmSv bpw sNpI. AYhm, Ah hnc-anp-p-sh-n Adn-bpI: A{I-an-I-tfm-S-msX BtcmSpw ssItbw
]mSn.'' (Jp-B: 2:193)
""^nXv\ Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw Zo ]qW-ambpw Am-lp-hn\m-bn-ocp-Ibpw sNp--Xp-hsc Ah-tcmSv kacw sNpI. AYhm Ah
^nXv\-bn\nv hnc-an-p-I-bm-sW-n Amlp Ah {]hnp--sXmw ImWp--h-\s{X.'' (Jp-B 8: 39)
P\-sf ASn-a-I-fmn Ah-cpsS ta bP-am-\-cmbn hmgp-Ibpw
auenI a\p-jym-h-Im-i- \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw sNp AXn-{I-aIm-cn-Is-Xn-sc-bp ka-cm-lzm-\-am-WnXv. \mihpw Ipg-hpw
AXn-{I-ahpw Ah-km-\n-n--W-sav Ckvemw B{K-ln-pp. kzmX{yhpw kam-[m-\hpw m]n-m\pw AXn-\mbn \n_-n-Xm-h--
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
25
bn A\n-hm-cy-am-tb-S-tmfw Bbp-[-sa-Sp-m\pw Ckvemw A\phmZw \Ipp.

Fm, "Zo Am-lp-hn-\m-IpI' F-Xns Dtiyw Fmhcpw Ckvemw kzoI-cn--em-sWpw AXn\p k--am-hm--h-tcmsSmw bpw sNm-\mWv Jp-B Bh-iy-s-Sp--sXpw Nne
t_m[-]qhw {]N-cn-n-p-pv. Jp-B ]Tn AXns A\pbm-bn-Itfm AXns B[n-Im-cnI hymJym-Xm-tfm C-c-sam-cmibw AXn \nv Ctmfw DsIm-n-n. am{X-a, AXv JpB BZym-h-km\w kzoI-cn s]mXp-\n-e-]m-Sn\p hncp--hp-amWv.
kqW aX-kzm-X{yw {]Jym-]np {K-amWv hnip--JpB. aX-n Hcp-hn[ \n_-hpw ]mSn-sv AXv A\p-im-knpp: ""aX-n Hcp-hn[ \n_--hp-an. kmKw anYym-[m-cW-I-fn \nv thXn-cnp Ign-n-cn-pp'' (Jp-B 2: 256),
""\o hnfw-_cw sNpI: CXv \n-fpsS \mY-\n\n-p kXy-amIpp. CjvS-ap--hnXv kzoI-cnmw. CjvS-ap--hv \ntj[nmw.'' (18:29)
ssZh-ns {]Ya {]t_m-[-I-cmb {]hm-N-I-mp t]mepw
ssZhnI ktiw Fn-p D-c-hm-ZnXzw am{Xta Dm-bn-cppq. ""ssZhnI ktiw kv]jvS-ambn Adn-bn--e-msX as-snepw ssZh-Zq-X-m-cpsS _m[y-X-bn-eptm?'' (JpB 16: 35)
ssZh-ns Ay-Zq-X-\mb apl--Zv\-_npw AXn-e-pdw HcpD-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hp-an-sv Amlp Adn-bn-pp: ""AYhm, Ah
]nn-cnp t]mIp-p-sh-n \ns Ah-cpsS tat\m--m-c-\mbn
\mw \ntbm-Kn-n-n. ktiw Fn-t _m[yX am{Xta \n\pq'' (Jp-B 42:48), ""hn[n hy-ambn Fn-p-X-cp Dchm-ZnXzw am{Xta \psS ZqX-pq.'' (5:92)
P\s \n_-nv hniz-kn-n-m \_nXncp-ta-\n-p-t]mepw
A\p-hm-Z-ap-m-bn-cp-n. Amlp ]d-bpp: ""P\- hnizm-knI- f m- I m \o Ahsc \n_- n- p- I tbm? ssZh- l n- X - a n- msX
Hcmpw hnizm-kn-bm-hpI km[y-a'' (10:99). ""\_ntb, \o DZvt_m[n-npsImn-cn-pI. \o DZvt_m-[-I am{X-as{X. Ahsc \n_nv hgn-s-Sp-p--h-s\m-p-a \o.'' (88: 21, 22)
Cs\ Ckvemw hnizmk kzmX{yw {]Jym-]n-pp. aXw
BcpsS taepw ASn-t]n--cp-sXv A\p-im-kn-pp. Hmtcm-cppw kzw hnizm-khpw ho-Whpw hp-]p-em\pw AX\p-k-cnv ]qPm {]mY-\-Ifpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-fpw \nh-lnm\pw Ah-Im-i-apv. AXnenS-s]-Smt\m AXv XS-bmt\m Bpw
A[n-Im-c-an.
Ckv e mw Bscbpw AXw- K o- I - c n- m \n_- n- p- I - b n.
26
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
As\ \n_-n-p--Xn\v Ckvemw FXn-cmWv. {]hm-N-Is

Imew sXmn-tm-f-ap Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-hhpw CXn\p kmyw hlnpp. aZo-\-bn-se-nb {]hm-N-I Ahn-Ss Akzm-dp-Ifpw
]em- b \w sNbv s X- nb aplm- P n- d p- I - f p- a mbn DS- - S n- b p- mn.
AXn Ahn-Ss PqX-m-cp-ambn Nne Icm hyh--I {]Jym]n- p- I bpw Ahv Nne hmKv Z m- \ - \Ip- I bpw sNbv X p.
{]kvXpX {]am-W-n-en-s\ ImWmw: ""\psS `cW kmtlm-Zcy-ko-a-bn s]Sp PqX-mv hKm-Sn-m-\-n-ep ]-]mX-]-c-amb s]cp-am---fn \npw t{Zml--fn \npw c-\Ipw.
\psS klm-b-n\pw Zbm]qWamb kwcWn\pw kzw
kap-Zm-bmw-K--sf-tmse Ahpw Ah-Im-i-apv. apkvenwI-fpambn tNv Ah GI LS- \ - b p Hcp cmjv { S- a m- b n- ocpw.
apkvenwIsf-tm-se-s Ahpw kzX-{-ambn X-fpsS aXw
BN-cn-m-hp--XmWv.''
PqX-m-sc-tm-se-s ss{IkvXh tKm{X--fp-ambpw {]hmN- I kn- b n- t es- n- c pp. AXn- e - h v kqW aX- k zmX{yw Ddv \I-s-n-cpp. k tXmakv BWUv Fgp-Xpp:
""apl-Zv Xs ]e Ad_v ss{IkvXh tKm{X--fp-ambpw knbn-tes-n-cpp. Ahv Atlw kwc--Whpw kzw aXw
BN-cn-m-\p kzmX-{yhpw Dd-p-h-cpn. Ah-cpsS ]ptcm-ln-Xmp- m- b n- c p khn- t i- j m- [ n- I m- c - ]g- b - t ]mse \ne\nn.'' (Ckvemw: {]t_m-[-\hpw {]Nm-chpw, t]Pv 60)
{]hm-N-Is ]mX Xs-bmWv At-l-ns ]nap-d-mcpw
kzoI-cn-Xv. cmw Jeo^ Da-dp^m-dqJv Cuen-bm-hm-kn-Iv
Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp cm-hy-h--I-fn-en-s\ ImWmw: ""ssZh-ns
Zmk\pw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS \mb-I-\p-amb Da Cuen-bm-bnse P\v \Ip kwc--W--cm-dm-WnXv. Fm-h-cp-sSbpw Pohpw
kzn\pw Np-Ipw Ipcn-ip-Ipw aX-kw-_--amb Fmn\pw kwc-Ww Dd-p-\Ipp. Bcp-sSbpw NpI hmk-e-am-p-Itbm \in-n-p-Itbm AcpXv. Ahtbm Ah-tbmSv tNp\np hkvXp-h-l-Itfm Ipd-p-I-f-b-cpXv. AXp-t]m-se-s
Ah-cpsS kzp-tfm Ipcn-ip-Itfm ]nSn--S--cpXv. hnizm-k-Imcy-n\v Bcp-sS-taepw {]Xn-_--ap-m-p-Itbm aXw-am--n\v
\n_- n- p- I tbm AcpXv . Bscbpw t{Zmln- m\pw ]mSn.''
(Xz_vcn, t]Pv 2405)
Cym Ncn-{X-n ISp hKo-b-hm-Znbpw ]c-a-X-t{Zm-ln-bpambn ap{Z- I p- - s Hudw- K - k o_v cmPy- \ n- h m- k n- I v
]qWmYn aX-kzm-X{yw A\p-h-Zn hyn-bm-bn-cpp. _\mdkv KhW-dm-bn-cp A_pl-k\v Atlw \Inb D-c-hnen-s\ ImWmw: ""\oXn-]qh-I-amb \psS Cu `cWw \S-p
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
27
Ime-p-t]mepw _\m-d-knepw ap Nne tZi--fnepw Xma-kn-p

lnp-{]-P-Isf Nne sshcm-Ky-mepw hntZz-j-mepw hnj-an-np
sImn-cn-p--Xmbn \apv hnhcw e`n-n-cn-pp. Ahn-S--fnse
t{X--fpsS kwc--I-cmb {_m-W-msc Ah-cpsS IrXy-\nhl-W-n \npw `b-s-Spn ]nn-cn-n-m {ian-p--Xmbpw
\mw a\-n-em-pp. \tmSp Iqdpw hniz-kvX-X-bp-ap A_plk-t\mSv \mw I]n-pp. Cu D-chv ssIhiw Innb DS-s\s Ccw A\m-im-ky-{]-h-\- Cm-Xm-p-Ibpw `mhnbn {_mW ]ptcm- l n- X - m- c psS {]h- \ - - f n Ahv
bmsXmcp XS-hpw Dm-hp-I-bn-sv Dd-p-h-cp-p-Ibpw thWw.
ZoL-Imew \ne-\nt-Xpw ssZh-Z--ambn \I-s--Xp-amb
\psS km{am-Py-ns Dbbvpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ns Iqmb
\bvpw thn Ah \S-p {]mY\-I A`w-Kpcw XpS-cm
A\p-h-Zn-p-Ibpw thWw. CXv hfsc ASn-b-c Imcy-ambn IcpXn
DS \S-]-Sn-I kzoI-cn-pI. lnPvd 1090 d_o-D-B-Jn 17'' (DcWw: kn.sI. Icow Ncn-{X-]m-T-, t]Pv 495)
Hudw- K - k o- _ n kao- ] - \ s Ae- I v k m- lman
Cs\ hne-bn-cp-pp: ""lnp-v ]cn-]qW-amb aX-kzmX{yw e`n-p-p-s--Xn\p ]pdsa ssl-h-cm-Pm--m-cpsS Iognem-bn-cn-p-tm-sgms Ah \S-n-bn-cp {hX-fpw D-h-fpw
Ctmgpw BtLm-jn-p-hm-\p kuI-cy--fpv. aodv \K-c-n
am{Xw ssl-h-hn-`m-K-n \qdn]cw hyXykvX hn`m-K--fp-snepw Ah Xn {]mY- \ - I - f p- t Stbm knm- - - f p- s Stbm
t]cn bmsXm-cp-hn[ Xhpw \S-p-n. GsXm-cmpw Abmfm-{K-ln-p--hn[w ssZhm-\-I \S-m\pw Bcm-[n-p-hm-\p-ap
kzmX-{y-apv. aX-[zw-k-\- Am-X-amWv.'' (Alexander Hamilton - A new Account of the East Indies Vol.1, pp. 159,162,163 D-cWw: Ncn-{X]m-T-)
hnip- - J p- B \pw {]hm- N - I - N - c ybpw Dd- p- \ Ip aX- k zmX{yw apkvenw-I Fm-ehpw ]qW-ambpw {]tbm-K-h-XvI-cn-ncn-p-p-sh-Xn\v Ign ]Xn-\mep \qmp Imes Ncn{Xw
kmn-bmWv. ka-Im-enI temI-ns Ah ]cn-tim-[n-p
Bpw Ckvemw ]qW aX-kzm-X{yw A\p-h-Zn-p-p-shpw
AXv aXw-am--n\v Bscbpw \n_-n-p-n-spw kwi-b-c-lnX-ambn t_m[y-amIpw.
cmw Jeo^ Da- d p ^mdqJns Ime- mWv CuPn]v X v
Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-ns `mK-am-bXv. Ap apX-en-tmfw AhnsS
tIm]vnIv ss{IkvX-h sskzc-Po-hnXw \bn-p-h-cpp. B[p-\nI
CuPn-]vXn Ahv Bbn-cn Aqtdmfw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-fpw
Aqtdmfw kwL- S - \ - I - f p- a pv . Ah- s bmw m]n- X - a m- b Xv
28
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
apkvenw `c-W-Im-e-mWv. Ckvemw aXw-am--n\v \n_-n-n-cpp- s h- n ]Xn- \ mev \qm- n- \ p- t i- j hpw C{Xtbsd
A\yaXm\pbmbnIfpw AhcpsS Bcm[\mebfpw AhnsS Ahti-jn-p-am-bn-cp-n.
\nc-h[n \qm-p-I apkvenw B[n-]Xyw \ne-\np-Ibpw P\kw-Jy-bn alm-`q-cn-]-hpw apkven-wI-fm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXnpw aX\yq-\-]-- apkvenw-\m-Sp-I-fn-semw \ne-\np-Ibpw sskzctm-sSbpw kam-[m-\-tm-sSbpw Pohn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-sh-Xv
A\n-tj-[y-amb hkvXp-X-bs{X. Ckvemw kqW aX-kzm-X{yw
A\p-h-Zn--Xn-\mepw Jp-B _lp-a-X-k-aq-ls AwKo-I-cn-p-Xn-\m-ep-amWv CXv km[n-X-am-bXv.
"AXn-\m ^nXv\ Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw Zo Am-lp-hn\m-bn-ocp-Ibpw sNpI' F-Xns Dtiyw, Ckvem-ans i{Xp- {]Ncn-n-p--Xp-t]mse asm aX--sfbpw Cm-Xmn Ckvemw am{Xam-Ip--Xp-hsc F; adnv, `qan-bn Ipg-hpw AXn-{I-ahpw CmXm-hp-Ibpw a\p-jy-cpsS ta a\p-jy ]c-am-[n-Imcw \S-p ASna-m-h Ah-km-\nv ssZhw \Inb kzmX-{y-ns kzmh kwPm-X-am-Ip--Xp-hsc FmWv. am\-h-tam-N-\-ns alnX-amb ktiw Dbn-n-Sn-p Ckvemw a\p-jy a\p-jysc
Bm- \ p- h n- I fpw ASn- a - I - f p- a m- n- s hp ]Xn- X m- h
AwKo-I-cn-p-n. AX-h-km-\n-nv am\-h-a-lXzw {]Im-in-X-am-Ip
kzmX-{ym-h kwPm-X-am-Ip--Xp-hsc [a-k-acw \S-m-\mWv
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
29
Jp-B Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. AXn-\m ""^nXv\ Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw

Zo Am- l p- h n- \ m- b n- o- c p- I bpw sNpI''sb- X ns bYmY
hnh, aZ\w Ah-km-\nv auenI a\p-jym-h-Im-i-fpw aX-kzmX-{yhpw m]n-X-am-hp-I-sb-m-Wv. Xp\o-jy-bnse Ckvem-anI
{]m- \ - \ m- b - I \pw {]apJ Ckv e m- a nI Nn- I - \ p- a mb dmin- Z p
K\qin Fgp-Xpp: ""\appw ap--hpw Pohn-m-\p kzmX{yw, A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S\ kzmX-{yw, hnizmk kzmX{yw, A\oXn-bn\npw ASn--a-en\n-p-ap kzmX{yw XpS-nb
auenI kzmX-{y-fpw Ah-Im-i-fpw AwKo-I-cn-p Fm `cW-Iq-S-sfbpw s]mXp-hn \mw AwKo-I-cn-p-p-v. ImcWw \yq\]---fmbn Pohn-m\pw Ckvem-anI PohnXw \bn-m\pw ap-hsc Ckvem-an-tev Wn-m\pw A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcp N-qSv XcpXv Cu kzmX-{y-am-Wv. a-m Ckvem-ans\ \ncm-I-cn--tm
\_n- X n- c p- t a\n ]d- Xv "P\- sf A`n- k w- t _m- [ \ sNm
Fs A\p-h-Zn-pI' Fm-Wv. FtXym-]ysb kw_-nv "P\sf ASn--am Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Imcn AhnsS Dv' Fpw
]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn.'' (D--cWw: {]t_m-[\w hmcn-I, 2002 Pqsse 20)
Av
I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sp kao-]\w
""hniz-kn--htc, \n-tfmSp tNp \np kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-tfmSv
bpw sNpI. Ah \n-fn Imiyw ImWs. Adn-bpI.
Amlp `-m-tcm-sSm--as{X.'' (9:123)
{]Xy--n tXmpI kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-tfmSv bpw sNm\p Blzm-\-am-Wn-sX-mWv. Fm, Jp-B ChnsS ]d-Xv
"\n-tfmSv tNp-\np' kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-sf-mWv. I]Shnizmkn-I-fmWv CXp-sImv Dt-in--s--sXv Jp-B hymJym-Xm hy-am-n-bn-pv. Ckvem-anI kaq-l-n\v hn hn]-p-
30
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
I hcp-n-sh hn`m-K-am-bn-cpp Ah. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cns

apkvenw-I-fpsS IqsS \np-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Fm cl-ky-fpw
i{Xp-v tNmn-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp I]-S-hn-izm-knI kaq-l-n Bi-b-p-g-hpw On{Z-X-bp-ap-m-m \nc-cw
{ian-p-sIm-n-cpp. CtX A[ym-b-nse 101, 107 hmIy- AhcpsS lo\-hr-n-I hy-am-p-pv.
""\n-fpsS Npp-ap {Kmao-W-cn \nc-h[n t] I]-S-hn-izm-knI-fm-Ipp. aZo-\m-hm-kn-I-fnepw I]S hnizm-kn-I-fpv. Im]-Sy-n
Ah D-X-cm-bn-cn-pp. \nv Ahsc Adn-bn. \mw Adnbp-pv. \mw Ahv Cc-n in \Ip--XmWv. ]ns Ah
IqSp-X ITn-\-amb in-bn-tev aS--s-Sp--XmWv.'' (9:101)
kXy-\n-tj-[hpw aX-]-cn-Xym-Khpw cl-ky-ambn {]N-cn-n-p-h, i{Xp-p-thn Nmc-Wn \S-p--h, kap-Zm-b-n
ssiYneyw krjvSn-p--h, ùXnI Xm]-cy-mbn apkvenwI-fmbn A`n-\-bn-p--h, apkvenw-I-fpsS ASp-p-h-cp-tm AhcpsS IqsS-bp--h-cmbpw i{Xp-]-sp-tm Ah-tcm-sSm-hpw
\np--h, {]Xy--n apkvenw-I-fmbn A`n-\-bn-p-Ibpw
Ckvem-an-s\-Xnsc s]mcp-Xp--Xn i{Xp-v klmbw sNbvXpsIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp--h Fn-s\ hnhn-[-bn\w I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-fp-v. Hmtcm hn`m-K-tmSpw kzoI-cn-t kao-]\w hyXykvX-am-Wv. Jp-B I-i-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-m I-ev]nXv
\mn Ipg--ap-m-pIbpw {]hm-N-Is\ h[n-m {ianpIbpw
Ckv e m- a nI kaq- l - n\pw cmjv { S- n- \ p- s a- X n- s c Nmc- Wn \SpIbpw i{Xp--fpsS ]w tNv Ckvem-anI kaq-ls \inn-m {ianpIbpw cmPyv B`y-c Ipgw Ipn-sm-m
KqV-{iaw \S-pIbpw sNbvX I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sXn-sc-bm-Wv.
{]hm-N-I-s\-Xnsc KqVm-tem-N\ \S-n-b-Xns\ kw_-nv
JpB- ]d-bpp: ""hmb-sImv Ah ]dbpw: "R A\p-kc- W bphcm- I p- p.' \ns kmn[yn\nv ]ncn- p- t ]mbmtem Ah-cn-semcp hn`mKw cm{Xn kt-fnv \n\-s-Xnsc KqVmtem-N\ \S-p-p.'' (4: 81)
Ckvem-anI kaq-l-n-s\-Xnsc Ah \S-n-bn-cp KqVm-temN-\-sb-p-dnv Jp-B Cs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-pp: ""KqVm-tem-N\
\S-p-Xv \ntcm-[n--s--hsc \o ImWp-nt? GsXm-n
\nm-tWm Ahsc hne-n-bn-p-Xv AXn-tev Xs Ah aSn-tm-Ip-p.- Ip--I-chpw i{Xp-Xm-]-chpw {]hm-NI [nm-c-]-c-hpamb Imcy- Ah cl-ky-ambn a{n-p-p'' (58: 8).
Ckvem-anI kaq-l-tmSv Ah ]pen-bn-cp kao-]\w
JpB- hy-am-pp: ""\nsf Ip-ap-p-tm Ah ]d-bpp:
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
31
"Rfpw hniz-kn-n-cn-p-p.' ]ncnpt]mbmtem \n-tfm-Sp

hntZz-j-m Ah hnc-ep-I ISn-p-p.'' (3: 119)
""\nv h KpWhpw hm AX-hsc hnj-an-n-p-p.
h hn]-p-amWv \np-m-hp--sX-ntem AX-hsc ktmjn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p'' (3: 120). ""Ipgw Ipn-sm-p--h-cm-Wh. Ipg--n-\-h-kcw Inp-tm-sgmw AXn-e-h NmSn-ho-gp-p.''
(4: 91)
{]hm-N-Is A\p-bm-bn-Isf km-nI D]-tcm-[-n\v {ian-hcm-bn-cpp I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I: ""ssZh-Zq-Xs Iqp-Imv sNeh-gn-p-Xv \nn-sh-p-I; As\ Ah ]ncnp t]mbnsmpw Fp ]d-bp--h-cm-W-h.'' (63: 7)
{]hm-N-I-s\bpw A\p-bm-bn-Isfbpw aZo-\-bn \nv ]pd--psav {]N-cn-n--h-cp-am-bn-cpp: ""Ah ]d-bpp: "aZo-\-bn aS-nsb-n-bm {]Xm-]-ap--h ]Xn-Xsc ]pd-m-p-I Xs sNpw.'
kXy- n, {]Xm]w ssZh- n\pw Ahs ZqXpw hnizm- k nIp-ap--Xm-Wv. Fm Cu I]-S-m AX-dn-bp-n-.'' (63: 8)
Ah Xn-bpsS {]Nm-c-I-cm-bn-cp-p. `qan-bn Ipg--ap-m-p-hcpw. ""I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw I]Shnizm-kn-\n-Ifpw Htc KW-n
s]-h-cm-Ip-p. Ah Xn Iev]n-p-p. \ \ntcm-[n-p-p. kzIc-sf \-bn\nv XS-p-sh-p-Ibpw sNp-p.'' (9: 67)
""`qan-bn Ipg--ap-m-m-Xn-cn-p-hn Fv Ah-tcmSp ]d-bptm "R \ sNp--h am{X-am-Ip-p' Fv Ah adp]Sn \Ip-p. Adn-bpI: Ah XsbmWv Ipgw Ipn-sm-p-h.'' (2: 11, 12)
{]hm-N-I-s\-Xnsc \nc-h[n bp--fn i{Xp-sf klm-bn
A_q-B-an-dns\ IpSn-bn-cp-m\pw tdma-m-tcm-sSmw tNv {]hmN-Ipw Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-n-\p-sa-Xnsc KqVm-tem-N\ \S-m\p tI{-ambpw kaq-l-n B`y-c ssiYn-ey-ap-m-m-\pambn ]n ]Wn-X-h-cp-am-W-h: ""Cs\ Hcp hn`m-K-ap-v. hn]p
hcp-m\pw kXys \ntj-[n-m\pw kXy-hn-izm-kn-In-S-bn
On{ZX hf-m\pw, t\cs Am-lp-thmSpw Ahs ZqX-t\mSpw
bpw sNbvXn-p Hcphv KqVktXw Hcp-m-\p-ambn Ah
Hcp ]n \nan-p. "\-b-m-sXmpw R Dt-in-n-n-s'v
Ah kXyw sNbvXp ]d-bpw. Fm Ah Xopw Iw ]dbp--h-cm-sW--Xn\v ssZhw kmn-bm-Wv.'' (9: 107)
X_qv bpw Ignv aS-p apkvenw ssk-\yw Hcp ]hX
{]m-n-se-n. cm{Xn ae-s-cn-hn-eqsS t]mIp-tm \_n-Xn-cpta-\nsb Bg-ap sIm-bn-tev Xn hogvm I]-S-hn-izm-knI Xocp-am-\n-p. {]hm-NIinjy lpssZ-^-bpsS kaYamb CSs]-S-emWv CXn\n--hsc ]nn-cn-n--Xv. (X-^vlo-ap Jp-B
32
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
2: 202 ImWp-I)
Cs\ Ckvem-anI kaq-l-sbpw cmjv{S-sbpw \in-n-m\mbn apkv e nw kap- Z m- b - n \pgp Ib- d n- b - h cpw i{Xppthn Nmc-Wn \S-n-b-hcpw KqVm-tem-N-\-bn-tes-hcpw B`y- c Ipg- hpw `nnpw Dm- m {ian- - h - c p- a mb
I]Shnizm-kn-I-tfmSp kzoI-cn-t kao-]-\-amWv Jp-B hniZo-I-cn--Xv. BcmWv JpB ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Isfp hy-am-msX Ah-tcmSp kzoI-cn-t kao-]\w am{Xw
D-cn-p-Xv sXn-m-cW krjvSn-mt\ D]-I-cn-p-I-bp-q.
cmPyw i{Xp--tfmSv bp-n-tes-p-sIm-n-cns i{Xp-sf
klm-bn-p-Ibpw \mp-Imn-S-bn Bi-b-p-g--ap-m-p-Ibpw
Nmc- { ]- h - \ - - f n- t es- S p- I bpw sNp- - X pssS kIe
hnt{Zml hrn-I-fnepw hym]r-X-cm-hp I]Shnizm-kn-I-fmb cmPyt{Zm-ln-Isf s]mdp-n-m-\mpw km[y-a. AXpsImp-X-sbmWv hfsc I-i-amb kao-]\w Jp-B Ah-tcmSp kzoI-cnXv: ""I]Shnizm-kn-Ifpw tcmK-_m-[n-X-amb a\-p--hcpw aZo-\bn kw{àP\-I-amb hm-I ]c-p--hcpw X-fpsS sNbvXnI-fn \nv hnc-an-p-n-s-n Ahs-Xnsc \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-m
Xo-bmbpw \mw \ns Fgp-t-ev]n-p--XmWv. ]ns hf-sc-pdt Ahv Cu ]-W-n \ntm-sSmw Xma-kn-m Ign-bpI-bpq. \m\m`mKp\npw AhcpsS ta im]hjw DmIpw.
FhnsS Is-n-bmepw ]nSn-Iq-S-s-Sp-Ibpw hjfmwhw h[n-s- S p- I bpw sNpw. Ccw Bfp- I - f psS Imcy- n t\cs
XpSp hn-p ssZhnI \S-]-Sn-bm-WnXv. Am-lp-hns \S-]Sn{I-a-n-semcp amhpw \n\p ImWm-\m-hn.'' (Jp-B 33: 60,
62)
AIta Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cns apkvenw-I-tfmSv tNp\nv
Ahsc hn-p-Ibpw hn]-n-e-I-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX I]S
hnizm-kn-Is-Xnsc s]mcp-Xm-\mWv 9:123--mw hmIyw Blzm\w
sNp-Xv. ]pd-sa-bp Ahn-izm-kn-Is-Xnsc bpw sNm-\.
4-mw A[ym-b-nse 89--91 hmIy- h[n-m-\m-h-iy-s-Sp-Xpw
CtX kao-]\w kzoI-cn I]-S-m-sc-bs{X.
""X Fn[w kXyw \ntj-[n-pthm An[w \nfpw kXyw
\ntj-[n--W-sapw As\ \n-sf-m-hcpw ka-m-cm-h-W-sap- a mWv Ah- c m- { K- l n- p- Xv . AXn- \ m ssZhn- I - a mK- n
kztZiw shSnp hcp--Xp-hsc Ah-cn Bscbpw \n Ban-{X--fmbn kzoI-cn--cpXv. kztZiw shSn-bm k--am-Ip-n-sn Ahsc It-S-p-shv ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw h[n-p-Ibpw sNpI.
Ah-cn-em-scbpw \n kzw tXmgt\m XpWtbm Bm-Xn-cn-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
33
pI. \n-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes P\-X-bp-ambn IqSn-t I]-Sm Cu hn[n-bn \nv Hgn-hm-Ipp. A{]-Imcw \n-tfmtSm
kzw P\-tmtSm bpw sNm a\smpw A\phZnmsX
\nsf kao-]n-p I]-S-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw AXn \nsm-gn-hm-Ipp.
Amlp COn-n-cp-s-n Ahsc \ns-Xnsc \ntbm-Kn-pIbpw As\ Ah \n-tfmSv t]mcm-Sp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cpp.
Ah \n-tfmSv bpw sNmsX amdn\np-Ibpw \n-fpsS
t\sc kam-[m\ lkvXw \op-Ibpw sNp-p-sh-n]ns Ahsc
A{I-an-m Amlp Hcp hgnbpw \nv A\p-h-Znp Xnn. Fm, asmcp hn`mKw I]Shnizm- k n- I sf \np
ImWmw. Ah \n-tfmSpw kzP-\-tmSpw kam-[m-\-n Ignbm-\m-{K-ln-pp. ]t, Ipg--n-\-h-kcw Inp-tm-sgmw Ahc-Xn ]qp ]nSn-pp. Cq- \ns-Xnsc hcp--Xn\nv
hnp-\np-Ibpw \n-tfmSv knpw kam-[m-\-n\pw At]-np-Ibpw kzIc ASnshpIbpw sNp-n-s-n Fhn-sSshp Imepw Ahsc ]nSn- I q- S p- I bpw h[n- p- I bpw sNpI.
Ahs- X nsc \nm \mw \nv hy- a mb \ymbhpw
sXfnhpw \In-bn-cn-pp.''(4: 8991)
Ckvem-an\pw apkvenw-Ipw Gsd t{Zml-ta]n I]-S-hn-izmkn-I-tfm-Sp-t]mepw Ctmp bpw sNpItbm i{Xpkaq-l-tmSv
tNp\np-Itbm kw{`-a-P-\Ihpw hymP-hp-amb hm-I {]Ncn-n-p-Itbm sNp-p-sh-n am{Xta kmbp-[-ambn t\cn-Sm-hq
Fpw Ah X-fpsS Ic- ]nh-en-m ]ns AhsXnsc \S-]Sn kzoI-cn--cp-sX-p-amWv D]-cyp- -hm-Iy- Bhiy-s-Sp-Xv. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sp-t]mepw F{X DZm-c-amb \ne-]mSmWv Jp-B kzoI-cn--sXv Cu hnip hN-\- kpXcmw
hy-am-pp.
Bdv
34
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
PqXss{IkvX-h-tcm-Sp kao]\w
""hniz-kn--htc, \n PqX-m-scbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw Ban-{X--fm--cpXv. Ahct\ym\yw B-an-{X--fm-Ipp. AYhm,
\n-fm-sc-nepw Ahsc B-an-{X-am-p-I-bm-sW-n Abmfpw
Ah-cns]--h-\mbn KWn--sSpw. A{I-an-I-fmb P\s Amlp
t\h-gn-bn \bn-p-I-bn; Xo.'' (Jp-B 5:51)
lnPvd-hjw Bdn apkvenw-Ifpw a-bnse i{Xp-fpw Xnep-mb lpssZ-_n-bm-k-np tij-amWv Cu hmIyw Ah-XoWam-bXv. kn aZo-\-bnse PqX-m-scbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw AXy[nIw Akz--cmn. AXp-sIm-p-Xs Ckvem-an-t\mSpw apkvenwI-tfm-Sp-ap Ah-cpsS shdppw hntZz-jhpw aqOnp. {]hm-N-Is\bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw \in-n-m Ah ]e-Xcw KqVm-temN-\-Ifpw \S-n-sm-n-cpp. AsXm-sbpw ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-m
apkvenw-Ifpw ]cn-]m-Sn-I Bhn-jvI-cn-p-sIm-n-cpp.
km-nI tijn-bnepw PohnX kuI-cy--fnepw Gsd sas Ah--bn-em-bn-cpp aZo-\-bnse PqX-mcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw.
ê- k - a r- - a mb {]tZ- i - - s fm- s bpw Ah- c psS hi- a m- b n- c pp.
AtXm-sSmw aZo\m \nhm-kn-I-fn \smcp hn`mKw Ah-tcmSv ]eniv ISw hmn-b-h-cp-am-bn-cpp. AXn-\m {]Xy--n apkvenw
]-p--h-cn Xs Nne Ah-cp-ambn cl-ky-ambn D-_w
]pen-bn-cpp. {]tXy-Inpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I. hnP-bn-p `mKtv \nm-sav Icp-Xnb Ah Atm-p-an-tmpw Nmm-Snsm-n-cpp. AXn-\m Ah-cn-eqsS {]hm-N-I-sbpw A\p-N-c-mcp-sSbpw ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw ]-Xn-Ifpw i{Xp-]w Adn-bm km[yX-bp-m-bn-cpp. AXv Xopw Cm-Xm-m-\mbn Ah-XoWam-bXmWv A amCZ A[ym-b-nse D]-cyp--kqw.
Cybpw ]mIn-kvYm\pw i{Xp-X-bn-em-bn-cns kzIm-cy-X-Ifpw
cl-ky-fpw kqn-m-Xn-cn-p-amdv ]mIn-kvYm-\nsb B-an-{Xambn kzoI-cn-p-Xv Cy, cmPy-t{Zm-l-am-bm-Wtm KWn-p-I.
`c-W-IqSw AXns\ in-bmbn hne-p-Ibpw sNpw. A{]-Imcw
Xs BZi i{XpX \ne-\np kml-N-cy-n FXn]- p- - h - c p- a mbn Ie- h - d - b n- m _w ]pep- Xv
BZis hn--emWv. Acw BZit{Zml hrn-I hne-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw.
Jp-B 5:51-se Dr-X-hmIyw i{Xp-X-bn hn-n-cp PqX
ss{IkvXh kaq-l--tfmSv kzoI-cn-t kao-]-\-amWv hy-amp-Xv. Ahsc B-an-{X--fm-p-Xv hne-p-I-bmWv Cu hnip-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
35
-h-N\w. CXv Ccp-hn-`m-K--sfbpw amdn-amdn kao-]nv X-fpsS

ùXnI Xm]cyw kwc- n- m {ian- n- c p I]- S - mp
XmoXp IqSn-bmWv.
aZo-\-bnse PqX-k-aqlw apkvenw-I-fp-ambn kn sNbvXn-cp-psh-nepw Ah Ckvem-an-t\mSpw {]hm-N-I-t\mSpw At-l-ns
A\p-N-c-m-tcmSpw ISp i{Xp-Xbpw hntZz-jhpw shp-]p-enbn-cp-p. _Zv bp-ap-m-b-tm AtXmsS Ckvemapw apkvenwIfpw \in-p-sa--h {]Xo-n-p. êw adn-m-b-tXmsS Ah-cpsS
Akqb hfsctbsd h[n-p. Ah-cpsS t\Xmhv IA_p_v\p
Aivd^v a-bn t]mbn i{Xp-sf A\p-tim-N-\-a-dn-bn-p-Ibpw
Ahsc {]Xn-Im-c-n\p t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtX-p-dnv
]cmXn ]d {]hm-N-Is\ òj-Wn-s-Sp-n. _Zv bp-n
Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-n\pw kaq-l-n-\p-sa-Xnsc ]S-shn h[n-s i{Xp- - f psS t\Xm- - s f- n Hcp PqX- t \- X mhv ]dp:
""t{ijvT P\-fpw P\-t\-Xm-fpw Ad-_n-I-fpsS cmPm--mcpw
kam-[m-\-ns hm-fpw h[n--sp t]mbn. C\n `qan--IamWv AXns ]pd-s-m-fp--aw''(D--cWw: ssl: "apl-Zv':
]pdw 305). AtXm-sSmw aZo-\-bnse I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-ambpw _w
m]n-p. aZo-\-bnse {]apJ tKm{X--fmb Hukn\pw Jkvd-Pn-\pan-S-bn i{Xp-Xbpw am-cyhpw hfm KqVm-tem-N\ \S-n.
Cu sImSpwh\ ImWn-hsXn-scbpw \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-m
Jp-B \ntZin-pp: ""\obp-ambn Icm-dn-tesSp-Ibpw Hpw
ssZh-`-b-an-msX Fm L--fnepw AXp ewLn-p-Ibpw sNp-h-tcm, Ahsc \n bp-n Ip-ap-p--]w Ahp
]nd-In-ephsc-IqSn hnc-n-tbm-Sn----hn[w hI-h-cp-p-I. Icm
ewL-I-cpsS Cu ]cn-W-Xn-bn\nv Ah ]mTw ]Tn-s-n-tem.
\n Hcp kaq-l-n\nv h-\-bp-m-Ip-sav Bi-n-p-psh-n Atm Ah-cp-am-bp Icm-dns\ Ccp-Iq-cpw Adn-bp
\ne-bn ]c-ky-ambn Ah-cpsS apn-tev Fdn-bp-I. Dd-mbpw hI-msc Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-n.''(8: 56-58)
h-\-bn-eqsS Icm ewLn-p--h-tcmSp t]mepw AXv ]c-kyamn, Icm \ne-\np-n-sv Xpd-p-{]-Jym-]n tijta Bbp[sa-Sp-mhq Fv CXn-eqsS ]Tn-n-p Jp-B i{Xp- knsm-cp-n-bm hg--W-sav \ntZ-in-pp: ""Ah kn-bntepw kam-[m-\-n-tepw Nmbp-p-sh-n \obpw AXn\p k-am-hp-I. Am-lp-hn `c-ta-ev]n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. Ah Fmw
tIp--h\pw Adn-bp--h\pw Xs; Xo.''(8: 61)
apkvenw-I-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes-n-cp \fo tKm{X-nse PqX
t\Xm--fmb lpb-p_v\p AJvX-_v, kemap_v\p A_o-lp-ssJ-
36
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
Jv, In\m\ C_v\p A_o lpssJJv XpS-n-b-hcpw hmC hwi-P\mb lhmZ C_n\p ssJkv, A_q Am XpS-n-b-hcpw abn hv apkvenw-I-fpsS i{Xp--fmb Jpssd-in-Isf kao-]n-p.
Ahsc {]hm-N-Ipw aZo\m tI{-am-bp Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-n\p-sa-Xnsc bp-n\p t{]cn-n-p. Atm a-m lpb-n-t\mSv
PqX-tKm-{X--fpsS \ne-]m-Sn-s\-p-dnp tNmZn-p. Atlw ]dp:
""Rm Ahsc ssJ_-dn\pw aZo-\-p-an-S-bn \nn-bn-cn-p-I-bmWv. apl--Zn-s\-Xnsc ]pd-s-Sm \n-fpsS BK-a-\hpw {]Xo-nn-cn-p-I-bm-W-h.'' Jpssdfm tKm{X-s-p-dnp tNmZn--tm
lpbv ]dp: ""apl--Zns\ sIWn-bns]Sp-m Ah aZo-\bn Xs \np-I-bm-Wv. \n AhnsS Fn-bm-ep-Ss\ Ah
\n-tfm-sSmw tNcpw.''
XpSv a-m tNmZnp: ""PqX-m-tc, \n Hcp thZ-{K-ns Bm-cm-Wv. Rfpw apl-Zpw Xn-ep A`n-{]m-b-`n-X-I-sf-n Adn-hp--h-cp-am-Wv. AXn-\m ]dbq! BcpsS aXamWv \Xv? R-fp-tStXm Ah-ttXm?''
""\n-fp-tS-XmWv Ah-t-Xn-t\-m-fp-aw. Ahs\ At]-nv
kXy-n \ne-sIm-p-Xv \n-fm-Wv.'' PqX-t\-Xm- a\-nep-Xv ad-p-shv Iw ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. tUmIvS C{km-Cu
hn^n- ""Z Pyqkv C Atd_y' F IrXn-bn Cu h-\sb-p-dnv Fgp-Xp-p: ""Ccw òa-amb A_w Ahv kw`hnp IqSm--Xm-bn-cp-p. X-fpsS A`yY\ \ncm-I-cn--s-Sp-san t]mepw hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Ckvem-anse GI-ssZ-h-Xz-s-m
t{ijvT-am-sWv Ah Jpssdin t\Xm--fpsS apn {]Jym-]nm ]mSp-m-bn-cp-n-. hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cmb P\-n-S-bn GIssZ-h-Xz-ns [zP-hm-l-I-cm-bn-cp--h-cm-W-h. Ncn-{X-ns hnhn[
L--fn GI-ssZ-h-n hniz-kn--Xns t]cn am{Xw h[n\pw aZ-\-n\pw hnt[-b-cm-hp-Ibpw hW-\m-Xo-X-amb XymK kln-p-Ibpw sNbvX C{km-bo k-Xn-I Cu hn{K-lmcm-[-Isc H-s-Sp-m kzw Poh\pw {]nb-s kI-eXpw _en
sImSp-t--Xmbncpp. AXp- sN-bvXn-s-tXm t]mI-s, hn{K-lmcm-[-I-cp-ambn kJy-ap-m-pI hgn Xs-Xnsc Xs bpw
{]Jym-]n-p-I-bmWv Ah sNbvX-Xv.''(D--cWw: apl-Zv lpssk
ssl, "apl-Zv', ]pdw 370, 371)
a-bnse Jpssd-in-Isf bp-n\p t{]cn-nv cwK-n-d-nb
lpbp_v \ p AJv X _v {]hm- N - I - \ p- a mbn DS- - S n- b n- e m- b n- c p
Jpssdfm tKm{Xs kao- ] nv Icm ewLnv Ah- t cm- s Smw
tNcm t{]cn-n-p. Jpssdfm tKm{X \mb-I IAv_p_v\p AkZv
BZyw AXn\p hg-n-bn-. Atm lpbv Cs\ Adn-bnp:
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
37
""Atbm IAv_v? A`q-X]qh-amb in kw`-cn-mWv Rm hncn-p--Xv. JpssdinKXv-^m tKm{X--tfmSpw Ah-cpsS apgp-h

t\Xm--tfmSpw IqSn-bmWv Rm BK-X-\m-bn-cn-p--Xv. apl--Zns\bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw thtcmsS ]ngp-sX-dn-bmsX Xncn-p-t]mhn-sv Ah ZrV {]Xn sNbvXn-cn-p-p.''
lpb-ns Cu hmp-I IA-v_ns\ kzm[o-\n-p. Abm DSSn ewLnv i{Xp--tfm-sSmw tNcm Xocp-am-\n-p. Cu h-\bn\nv ]nm-dm Bh-iy-s aZo-\-bnse Hukv tKm{X-\m-b-It\mSv Atlw Cs\ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: ""BcmWo ssZh-ZqX? Rfpw apl--Zp-ambn Hcp DS-Sn-bp-an-.''
XpSv Jpssdfm tKm{Xw i{Xp--fp-ambn tNv apkvenw-Isf
]nn-\nv B{I-an-m Bh-iy-amb ko-I-c-W- \S-n.
{]hm-NI-pw A\p-bm-bn-Ip-sa-Xnsc D]-tcm-[-n ]p-tN-cpIbpw sNbvXp. Fnpw Hcp Xpn cw t]mepw Hgp-m-sX-Xs
i{Xp--fpsS Iqmb Cu B{I-a-W-{iaw ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
AtXmsS {]hm-N-I\pw A\p-N-c-mcpw Jpssdfm tKm{X-msc D]tcm-[n-p-Ibpw Ah Xs sXc-s-Sp am[y-s hn[n \Sm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu kw`hw Jp-B Cs\ hni-Zo-I-cnpp: ""Amlp kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf ]ntmp Xn. bmsXmpw
t\SmsX, Dn Xnfpadn-bp tcmj-hp-ambn Ah Xncn-p-t]mbn. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS `mKp s]mcp-Xm Amlp Xs aXn-bm-bn.
Amlp AXn-i-\pw AP--\p-a-s{X. ]ns thZ-m-cn Cu
B{I- a - W - I m- c n- I sf klm- b n- - h sc Amlp Ah- c psS tIm- I fn\nv Cd-n-hn-p. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn òXn \nd-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Cv Ah-cn-semcp hn`m-Ks \n h[n-p-sIm-n-cnp-p. asmcp hn`m-Ks _-\--cm-n-sm-p-an-cn-p-p.
Ah \nsf Ah-cpsS \ne--fp-sSbpw hoSp-I-fp-sSbpw k-nsbpw Ah-Im-in-I-fm-n. \n Hcn-epw Imeq-n-bn-n-m
{]tZ- i - fpw Xp. Amlp Fm Imcy- n\pw Ign- h p- - h
Xs.''(33: 25-27)
Ckvem-anI kaq-ls \mam-h-ti-j-am-m i{Xp--fp-ambn
tNv h-\bpw KqVm-tem-N-\bpw \S-nb cmPy-t{Zm-ln-Isf
shdpsX hnSW-sav Bcpw ]d-bp-I-bn--tm. Dn \nv Xsf
\in-n-m {ian-hs-Xnsc I-i-amb \ne-]mSp kzoI-cn
Ckv e mw, ]ckv - ] c i{XpX \ne- \ nm ]m- - e - n
apkvenw-I PqX ss{IkvX-h-cp-ambn \ _w ]pe-W-sapw
thZm-h-Im-in-I-sf \ne-bn Nne Imcy--fn BZssi-Iy-ap
Ah-cmWv apkvenw-I-tfmSv ASpp\n-p--sXpw ]Tn-n-pp.
F, Ah-cpsS `-Whpw Ah-cp-am-bp hnhm-l-_--hpw A\p-
38
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
h-Z-\o-b-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp. Jp-B ]dbp-p: ""Cv \

hkvXp--sfm-sbpw \nv A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-pp. thZ-mcpsS `Ww \npw \n-fpsS `Ww Ahpw A\p-h-Z\o-b-am-Ipp. kXyhnizm-kn\nI-fmb Nmcn{XhXn-Ifpw \nv
apv thZw \I-s--h-cn \np Nmcn-{X-h-Xn-Ifpw \nv
A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-pp ]c-ky-amb hy`n-Nm-cn-Itfm clky Pmcmtcm BImsX hnhml aqeyw \In-smv hnhm-l-n-eqsS
\n-f-hsc kwc-n-p-I-bm-sW-n. hnizm-k-ns hgn-bn Ncnm hnk--Xn-p--h-\mtcm, Ahs Ia-f-{Xbpw hyYambn-tm-Ipp. ]c-tem-Iv Ah ]m-cm-bn-cnpw.'' (5:5)
\_nXncp-ta\n PqXss{IkvX-h-cpsS `Ww Ign-n-cpp. Ahcp-ambn D-_w ]pep-Ibpw sNbvXn-cpp. {]hm-N-Is tZl
hntbmK thf-bn At-l-ns ]S-bn Hcp blq-Zs hiw ]Wb-n-em-bn-cpp. {]hm-N-I Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-ns Bm\w
IqSn-bmb Xs ]n-bn thZ-mv {]th-i-\m-\p-aXn \IpI
am{X-a, Ahv {]mY-\v kuI-cy-sam-cp-n-sm-Sp-pI IqSn
sNbvXn-cpp. AtXm-sSmw Aap-kvenw-I-tfmSv tami-ambn s]cp-amdp-Xv Ahn-Sv i-ambn hnepIbpw sNbvXp. \_nXncpta\n
Acp sNpp: ""kqnp-sIm-pI. Aapkvenw ]uc-m-sc Bscnepw ASn--ap-Itbm Ah-cpsS ta Ign-hn-\-Xo-X-amb \nIpXn-`mcw Npa-p-Itbm Ah-tcmSv {Iqc-ambn s]cp-am-dp-Itbm AhcpsS Ah-Im-i- shn-p-d-p-Itbm sNp-I-bm-sW-n Ay\m-fn Ah-s\-Xnsc Rm Xs ]cmXn t_m[n-n-p--XmWv''
(A_qZm-hqZv). hnip Jp-B\pw {]hm-NI Ncybpw Bh-iy-sSpw
hn[w PqXss{Ikv X - h - c pssS apgp- h Aap- k v e nw- I - t fmSpw
XnI kulr- Z hpw D _- h p- a mWv Ckv e m- a nI kaqlw
Ctmfw ]pen-tm-Xv. ka-Im-eo\ kaq-l-ns nXnbpw
`n-a.
Jeo^m Da-dp ^mdqJv DssS ]e `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw Aapkvenw-Isf `cW \S-n-n ]m-fn-I-fm-pI t]mepw sNbvXn-cpp.
aZo-\-bnse No^v Au-mbn Da-dp ^mdqJv \nb-an-Xv Hcp
{Kov {InkvXym-\n-sb-bm-bn-cpp.
tXmakv BtWmUv Fgp-Xpp: ""apBhnb ({In. 661-680) {Inkv
Xym-\n-Isf [mcm-f-ambn DtZym-K-n \nb-an-n-cpp. `c-W-hw-inse _mn-bp--hcpw B ioew XpSp. {InkvXym-\n-I ]etmgpw cmP-[m-\n-bn D-X-m\w hlnp. Bm\ Ihn-bm-bncp A AJvX Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-cpp. Za-kvI-knse ]pWyhm-f-\mb tbml-ms ]nXmhv Jeo^m A_vZp aen-Ins D]tZ- j v S m- h m- b n- c pp. Jeo^m AapAv X ns Imev cp
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
39
ss{IkvXh ktlm-Z-c-m At-l-ns hniz-kvX-cmb A\p-N-cm-cm-bn-cpp. AXn kap GXm-smcp hntZ-i-Imcy sk{I-dn-bpsS m\-m-Wp-m-bn-cp-Xv. Abm H-n-Sm Hcp cmPIob tcJbv pw B[n- I m- c n- I X Dm- b n- c p- n. A]- c - \ mb
C_vdmlow, cmPm-hns ap{Z-bpsS kwc--I-\m-bn-cpp. s]mXp JP\m-hns tat\m--am-bn-cpp Abm-fpsS Npa-Xe...
""C_vdm-lo-ant\mSv Jeo-^v henb kvt\l-am-bn-cpp. tcmKi- - b n InS- p- t m Atlw C_v d m- l oans\ kinp.
C_vdmlow acn--tm Jeo^ hmsX ZpxJn-X-\mbn. kwkvI-cnp- - X n- \ p- a pv arX- t Zlw sImm- c - n- t ev sImp- h - c m
I]np. AhnsS shmWv {Inkv-Xob aXm-Nm-c-{]-Imcw ac-Wm-\c NS-p-I \nh-ln--s-Xv.'' (Ckv-emw {]t_m-[-\hpw {]Nmchpw, t]. 76)
Atlw Xs XpS- c pp: ""A apA- v X - Z ns `c- W - I m- e v
A_-dnse KhWdm-bn-cp Da-dp_v\p bqkp^v {InkvXym-\n-bmbn-cpp. Hcp {InkvXym\n tbmKy-\m-sW-n B ]Zhn At-l-n\v
\Imw FmWv \nb-a\w AwKo-I-cn-p-sImv Jeo^ ]d-Xv.
A apAv-X-an-Zns Imev ê-n Jeo-^-bm-bn-cp Aaph- ^ v ^ nJv ssk\y- ns tat\mw C{km- C u F Hcp
{InkvXym-\n-mWv \In-bn-cp-Xv. At-l-ns ]p{X AapA-vX-Zn\v amen-Ip_v\p heoZv F {InkvXym-\n-bmb sk{I--dn-bpm- b n- c pp. ]noSv Aap- J v X - Z - d ns Imev bp- h - I p- ns
tat\mw hln-n-cp-Xv Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-cpp.'' (Ibid t].
77, 78)
Cy- b n Ckv e m- a nI `cWw \S- p- - X n Xmc- X - t ay\
\njvIj ]pen-bn-cp Hudw-K-ko_v Aap-kvenw-I-tfmSv D-_hpw XnI kulr- Z - h p- a mWv ]pen- b n- c p- Xv . _wKm
40
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
Gjym-nIv skmsskn tPW {]kn-o-I-cn Hudw-K-ko-_ns

D-c-hp-I-fn-sem-n Cs\ ImWmw: ""alm-\mb cmPm-[n-cmP
amknwKv \psS kn-[n-bn kan \nth-Z-\-n ]d-bp-Xv
At-l-ns [am-Nm-cy-\mb `K-hXv F {_mW ]ptcm-lnX\v Xma-kn-p--Xn-\mbn _\m-d-kn KwK-bpsS Xocv am[-htcm
saml--bn Hcp `h\w \nan-spw Nne kmaq-lnI t{Zmln-I
`K-h-Xns\ `b-s-Spn _pn-ap-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-shpw AXn\v
DS ]cn-lm-c-ap-m--W-sa-p-amWv. \mw Iev]n-p--sX-s-m,
Cu B AhnsS Innb DSs\ Ctm-gp--hcpw `mhn-bn \nban-X-cm-hm CS-bp--h-cp-amb DtZym-K--m-tcmSv Cu ew \apv
Pm-h-Im-i-ap--Xm-sWpw co-hpw At-l-ns km\ ]c-c-Ip-ambn Ic-an-msX C\m-ambn \mw \In-bn-cn-p--XmsWpw \ntZ-in-Ww. AhnsS {_mW ]ptcm-ln-X-mpw `P-\-p-ambn ]Wn-bm Dt-in-p sIn-S- \nan-p-Xn\v bmsXmcp-hn[ XS--fpw Dm-Ip--X-sv Adn-bn-Ww.
Ah kam-[m\]c-ambn Ah-cpsS tPmen-I-fn hym]r-X-cm-hp-Ibpw
ssZhn-I-ambn e`n-Xpw A\-iz-c-ambn \ne\nt--Xp-amb \psS
cmPym-`n-hr-n-p-thn {]mY\ \S-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn\v Bcpw
bmsXmcphn[ {]Xn- _ - hpw krjv S n- m- X n- c n- p- I bpw thWw.''
(_wKm Gjym-nIv skmsskn tPW 1911, t]. 689. D-cWw:
Ncn{X ]T-\-, t]. 497)
`c- W m- [ n- I m- c n- I fpw km[m- c - W - m- c p- a pssS Ckv e m- a nI
kaqlw PqXss{IkvX-h-c-S--ap hyXykvX hn`m-K-m-cmb Aapkvenw-I-tfmSv kzoI-cn kao-]\w kulr-Z-n-tXpw D _-nt-Xp-am-bn-cp-p-sh--Xn\v Ncn{Xw kmyw hln-pp. hnip
Jp- B \pw {]hmNI Ncybpw Bh- i y- s - S p- Xpw AXp- X s.
BZi
hntcm- [ hpw
i{Xp- X bpw
]pephsc
Ban{XfmcpsXmWv JpB 5: 51-mw hmIyw Bh-iys-Sp--sX-Yw.
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
41
Ggv
bp--S-hp-Im-tcm-Sp kao-]\w
""\n kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-ambn Gp-ap-n-bm ]nS-enp shpI.
As\ \n-f-hsc Iogvs-Sp-n-bm ]ns Ahsc XS-hp-Imcmbn ]nSnp-sIpI. ]noSv HuZmcyw ImWn-p-Itbm tamN-\-{Zhyw
hmp- I tbm sNm- h p- - X mWv . bpw Ah- k m- \ n- p- - X p- h sc
CXmWv \nv \nh-ln-m-\p-Xv.'' (Jp-B 47:4)
Ckvem-ans hnai-I, apkvenw-Isf {Iqc-Xbvv t{]cn-n-p
hmIy--fn-sem-m-bmWv CXns\ ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-m-dp-Xv. Ah-XcW ]m- - e tam D- S - tam Xosc ]cn- t im- [ n- m- s X- b mWv
hnai-I-cpsS Btcm-]-W-sav A]w Btem-Nn-p Bpw
t_m[y-amIpw.
a-bn shv ITn\ ]oU-\-n-c-bmb apkvenw-I ]c-amh[n klnpw anpw Ign-p-IqSn. Asmpw Bbp[ {]tbmK-nt\m {]Xn-Im-c-nt\m apkvenw-Iv A\p-hm-Z-ap-m-bn-cpn. ]em-b-\-n\p tijw aZo-\-bn-se-n-bnpw i{Xp--fpsS hntcm[-n\v hncm-a-ap-m-bn. Ah FXnv XpS-cp-Ibpw apkvenw-Isfbpw Ah-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-n cq]w-sIm aZo-\-bnse \h-PmX
Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-sbpw \in-n-m \nc-cw {ian-p-Ibpw ]eXcw KqV-]--Xn-Ifpw Bhn-jvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ]m-e-n-emWv apkvenw-Iv bpm-\p-aXn e`n-Xv.
bp-n\v A\p-a-Xnbpw Blzm-\hpw e`n--tijw t]mcmw XpSp--Xn\p apv Ah-XoWamb hmIy-amWv ChnsS hnai\ hnt[b-am-bXv. AYhm, {]hm-NI Pohn-X-n-ep-mb {]Ya bp-amb
_Zvdn\p apmWv CXv Ah-XoW-am-bXv. 47-mw A[ym-b-nse Cu
\memw hmIyw aptmp shp Imcy- Cs\ kw{K-lnmw:
1. bp-ap-m-bm ]S--f-n kzoI-cn-t kao-]-\-amWv
JpB hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Xv. AYhm, CXv bpm-lzm-\-a; bpn kzoI-cn-t kao-]-\s kw_-n \ntZ-i-amWv. 2.
Ckvem-anse bpw bp-an-m Ah eyw shp--h-bmWv.
AXv hnP-bn-p-Ibpw bp-an-m kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-hp-Ibpw
thW-sa-n aZ-Icpw bp-sm-Xn-b-cp-amb in-Isf ]cm-P-bs-Sp-p-Ibpw Iogvs-Sp-p-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p Blzm-\amWv Jp-B \Ip-Xv. 3. i{Xp ]cm-Pn-X-ambn Iog-S-n-bm
42
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
ssIbn Inp- - h - s c- s bms sImsm- S p- p kao- ] - \ - a mWv

s]mXpsh kzoI-cn--s-Sm-dp-Xv. 1917-se HIvtSm-_ hn-h-n
]cm-Pn-X-cmb tPmv cm-a \ntm-fpw IpSpw-_hpw ]cn-Nmc-I Ds-sS {Iqc-ambn sIme-sN--s-Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-bXv. IpSpw_mw-K-sf sImp-Xp Iv t]Sn--c ]cn-Nm-cnI arX-i-co-cp ap-I-fn-eqsS Ap-anpw HmSn Xn--Sv hogp-Ibpw ]nSs-gp-tp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CsXmpw B sIme-bm-fn-I-fn
Hpw Imcp-Wy-ap-Wn-bn. Ah-km\w Ah Ah-sfbpw ASnpw
Ipnbpw sImp. Fnpw Xr]vXn-h-cmsX Ah-sbmw shn-\pdpn. Ah-km\w Fmw Hcp J\n-p-n-enp aqSn. lntcm-jn-a-bnepw
\mK-km-n-bnepw, K^v bp-th-f-bn Cdm-Jnepw {Iqc-ambn sImesN--s-Xv \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fm-bn-cpp. kam-[m-\-ns t]cn cq]wsIm-p-Ibpw B t]cn \ne-\np-Ibpw sNp sFIy cmjv{Sk` t]mepw \nc-]-cm-[sc Iq-sme \S-p--Xn-s\-Xnsc iamb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-p-n.
Fm, Jp-B \nc-]-cm-[sc sImm A\p-h-Zn-p-n-sp
am{X-a, bpw Ah-km-\nv i{Xp Iosgm-Xp-p--tXmsS Bbp[
{]tbmKw Ah-km-\n-n--W-sa-p-IqSn Bh-iy-s-Spp. A\n-hmcy
kml-N-cy-n bpw A\p-h-Zn-p Ckvemw acWw ]c-am-h[n
Ipd--W-sav IWn-i-ambn I]n-pp. {]hm-N-Is Ime-pmb 81 bp--fn 259 hnizm-kn-Ifpw 759 i{Xp--fp-apssS
1018 t] am{X-amWv h[n--s--sX hkvXpX Jp-B kzoIcn Cu kao-]-\-ns {]Xy ê-as{X.
hnai\ hnt[-b-amb hmIyw Cmcyw Dun--d-bp--tXm-sSmw
bp-n ]nSn-Iq-S-s-Sp--h-tcmSv kzoI-cn-t kao-]\w hyam-pp. CXns shfn--n bp--S-hp-Im-tcmSp kzoI-cn-t
kao-]\w Ckvem-anI ]n-X-m Cs\ hni-Zo-I-cn-n-cn-pp:
1. ùXnI Xm]-cy-m Bscbpw bp--S-hp-Im-cmbn ]nSnIq-S-cpXv.
2. bp--S-hp-Imsc \ncp-]m-[nIw hn-b-p-Itbm tamN-\-{Zhyw
kzoI-cnv kzX-{-cm-p-Itbm sNmw.
3. km[m-cW kml-N-cy-n bp--S-hp-Imsc h[n-m ]mSn. i{Xp-]-s ]m-f-m-c h[ml-\m-hp-Xv bp-cw-Kp
am{X-am-Wv. bpw Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw ]m-f-m-c ]nSn-bn-em-hpIbpw sNbv X m ]ns Abmsf sImm ]mSn- . A_v Z p- mln_v\p Da, lk _kzcn, AXzm-A-v, lmZp_v\p A_o-kpsse-am t]mep {]apJ ]n-X-m Cmcyw Dun--d-n-pv. lm-Pp_v\p bqkp^v Hcp bp--S-hp-Im-cs\ h[n-m
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
43
A_vZp-m-ln_v\p Da-dn-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s-p-sh-nepw Atlw AXn\p

k--\m-bn-. D]-cyp Jp-B kqw AXp hne-p--Xmbn
Xd-n-p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
4. {]hm-N-Isbpw Jeo-^-am-cp-sSbpw Imev AXy-]qh-ambn
bp--S-hp-Imsc h[-in-v hnt[-b-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. AXv Ah
bp-n ]s-Sp--Xns t]cn-em-bn-cp-n-. Kpcp-X-c-amb ap IpIr-Xy- Imc-W-am-bn-cp-p.
5. bp-p--hm-fn-Isf XS-hn-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Cn[w bp-S-hp-Im-c kmdns XS-hn-em-bn-cn-p-tm, Abm-fpsS Blmcw, hkv{Xw, tcmKntbm ]cn-t--ht\m BsW-n NnIn Fnh
kmdns D-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-sWv \_nXncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw injym-cp-sSbpw {]h-\--fn-eqsS nc-s-n-cn-p-p. XS-hp-Im-cs\
]n-Wn-n-Smt\m \-\m-mt\m aZn-mt\m Ckvem-anI \nbaw
A\p-h-Zn-p-n-. t\sc-a-dnv, Ah-tcmSv \mbn hn-m\pw
BXn-Yy-a-cym-Z-tbmsS s]cp-am-dm-\p-amWv \ntZ-in-n-p--Xv. \_n-Ncy-bn AXns {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb DZm-l-c-W- ImWm-hp--Xpam-Wv. _Zv bp-n ]nSn-Iq-S-s--hsc A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS hoSp-Ifn _n-X-cm-n-smv Xncp-ta\n Acpfn: "Cu _n-I-tfmSv
\mbn hn- - W w.' Aq- - n Hcp XS- h p- I m- c - \ m- b n- c p
A_p Akokv {]kvXm-hn-pp: ""Fs _\-n ]mnn-cp Akmcn IpSpw_w F\nv cmhn-sebpw sshIopw sdmn
Xn-cp-p. Ah-tcm, shdpw Imc XnmWv Ign-n-cp--Xv....''
asmcp XS-hp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp kpssl-ep_v\p Awdn-s\-p-dnv Nne
Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]dp: "Abm henb Xosmcn {]kw-K-I-\m-Wv.
Xncp-ta-\n-s-Xn-cn Abm {]kw-Kn-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-p-p. AXpsImv Abm- f psS ]p- s Im- g n- m Iev ] n- m- e pw.' Xncp- t a\n
]dp: ""Rm Abm-fpsS ]p-sIm-gn-m Amlp Fsbpw
]v sImgn-pw Rm {]hm-N-I-\m-sW-n-epw.''(ko-dXp C_v\nlnimw). XS-hp-Im-c-\mbn lmPdm--s bam-a-bnse apJy-\m-bn-cp
Ypam-a-Xp_v\p DYm-en\v XS-hn Ign Ime-smw \_n-Xn-cpta-\n-bpsS Iev]\ {]Imcw tacw `-Whpw ]mepw GmSv
sN-s-n-cp-p (kodXp C_v\n lnimw). CXp-X-s-bm-bn-cpp Atl-ns A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw coXn. Ah-cpsS Imepw bp- S - h p- I m- t cmSv tami- a mbn s]cp- a m- d n- b - X ns DZm- l - c - W -
ImWm Ign-bn-.
6. XS-hp-Imsc Fspw XS-h-d-bn ]mn-p-Ibpw km
_emmcw Ah-sc-smv sXmgn-se-Sp-n-p-Ibpw sNp k{Zmbw Ckvemw Xosc kzoI-cn-n-n-. XS-hp-Im-c-\p-am-bn, As-n
Abm-fpsS P\-hp-ambn bp--S-hp-Im-cpsS ssIam--nt\m tamN-
44
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
\-{Zhy CS-]m-Snt\m km[n-n-s-n Abm-tfmSv HuZmcyw ImWnm Ckvemw \n-bn coXn CXmWv: Ahsc `rXy-cmn hynI-fpsS A[o-\-n G]n-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv \ \nebn hn--W-sav bP-am-\-m-tcmSv \ntZ-in-p-Ibpw sNpI. \_n(k)bpsS Imepw injy-m-cpsS Imepw Cu k{Zmbw A\p-hn--s-n-cp-p.
7. i{XpX Ah-km-\n-m\pw kulrZw m]n-m\pw km[y-Xbp-s-n bp--S-hp-Imsc hn-b-m-hp--Xm-Wv. F; Acw
k`--fn \ncp-]m-[nIw hn-b-p-I-bmWv th-Xv.
_Zv bp-nse XS-hp-Imsc ]cm-ain-p-sImv \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n(k) {]kvXm-hn-p-I-bp-mbn: ""apXvC-ap_v\p AZnv Pohn-n-cnp-Ibpw Fnv Atlw Cu XS-hp-Im-sc-p-dnv FtmSv kwkmcn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p-sh-n Rm At-l-n-\p-thn Chsc
hn-b-p-am-bn-cpp''(_pJm-cn, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, apkv\ZvAlva-Zv). Xncpta\n C{]-Imcw ]d--Xns Imc-W-an-Xm-bn-cpp: Atlw XzmC^n\np Xncn-p-h-cp-tm apXvCw At-l-n\v A`bw \In.
apXvCans ]p{X Bbp-[-a-Wn-p-sImv Xncp-ta-\nsb kpc-nX-ambn ld-an-se-n-p. B D]-Im-c-n\v C{]-Imcw \n {]I-Sn-nm-\m-in-p-I-bm-bn-cpp Xncp-ta-\n.
_pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw apkv\Zv AlvaZpw \nth-Z\w sNpp:
bam-a-bnse Xe-h-\mb Ypam-a-Xp_v\p DYm XS-hp-Im-c-\mbn lmPdm--s--tm Xncp-ta\n At-l-tmSv tNmZnp: ""Ypam-a, Xm
Fp hnNm-cn-pp?'' Ypama ]dp: ""Av Fs h[n-p-I-bmsW-n c-n\v hfsc Ipd hne-bp Hcm-sf-bm-Wv h[np--Xv. FtmSv HuZmcyw Imp-I-bm-sW-n, HuZmcyw a\-n-emp Hcm-tfm-SmWv Av HuZmcyw Imp--Xv. Atbvv [\-amWv
th-sX-n tNmZn-p-sIm-pI; AXv \evI-s-Spw.'' aqv Znhkw
Xncp-ta\n Cu tNmZyhpw Ypama Cu D-chpw Bhn-p. HSphn Ypam-asb hn-b-m Xncp-ta\n D-c-hn-p. hnSp-X Innb
DSs\ Ypama ASp-p Hcp Cu--g-tm--n t]mbn Ipfnp
ipn- b mbn Xncn- p- h - p. A\- cw Ckv e mw kzoI- c n- p- s Imv
Atlw ]dp: ""Cse hsc F\nv A-tbmfw shdp-p
a\p-jyt\m A-bpsS aX-tmfw shdp-p aXtam Dm-bn-cpn-. ]t, Cs-\nv A-tbmfw kvt\l-ap a\p-jyt\m
AbpsS aX-tmfw Rm kvt\ln-p aXtam C.'' A\cw Dwd-p-thn a-bn-tev t]mbn. AhnsS Jpssd-in-I-tfmSv
C{]-Imcw hnfw-_cw sNbvXp: ""C\n apX bam-a-bnse bmsXmcp
hn`-hhpw apl-Zv\_n A\p-aXn \Ip--Xp-hsc \nv Fp-X-.'' bam-a-m AXp \S-n-em-p-I-Xs sNbvXp. Ah-km\w
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
45
a-mv bam-a-bn\nv a-bn-te-p Nc-p-h-chv \nem-m-Xn-cn-m \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSv At]-n-tn hp.

_\q- J p- s sdfm bp- - S - h p- I m- c n, k_o- d p_v \ p _m,
Awdp_v\p kA-vZv (A-s-n C_v\p kpA-vZv) Fn-hsc Xncp-ta\n
hn-b-p-I-bp-m-bn. A\n-kvem-anI Imep \S _pBYv bpn Ym_n-Xp_v\p ssJkv F Akm-cnv A`bw \In-bXns t]cn-emWv k_o hn-b--s-Xv; Abm-fpsS D]-Im-c-n\v
{]Xyp-]-Imcw sNm Ym_n-Xns A[o-\-X-bnXs Abmsf
Gev ] n- p- I bpw sNbv X p. _\q- J p- s sd- f - m Xncp- t a- \ n- t bm- S p
Icm ewLn-p-Xp-S-n-b-tm Ahsc AXn\nv hne-m {ian-bm F \ne-mWv Awdp_v\p kAvZv hn-b--s--Xv.(-In-Xm_p Awhm--A-_q-D-ss_-Zv)
lpssZ-_nbm kn-bpsS thf-bn F]Xp am XCu-ans `mKp sNv Xmh-f-a-Sn-p. Xncp-ta-\nsbbpw Iqp-Im-scbpw
cm{Xn-bpsS Ay-bm-a-n B{I-anp hI-h-cp-p-I-bm-bn-cpp
Ah-cpsS eyw. ]t, Ah-sc-m-hcpw ]nSn--s-p. \_n(k)
Fm-h-scbpw hn-b-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. B knKv[ L-n
bpw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-o-cp Hcp \S-]Sn ssIsm-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibm-bn-cpp Xncp-ta-\n. (ap-kvenw, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, \km-C, Xnan-Zn, apkv\Zv Alva-Zv)
am hntam-N-\-th-f-bn GXm\pw t]scm-gn-p Fm amhm-kn-Ipw Xncp-ta\n amv {]Jym-]n-p. amn\nv Hgn-p-\n-dpn-b-h-cnXs aqtm \mtem t] am{X-amWv h[n--s--Xv. am \_n-(k)-tbmSv sNbvX AXn-{I-a- Fm Ad-_n-Ipw
Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. Fnpw hnP-b-th-f-bn Xncp-ta\n Ahv [ocambn am-cp-fn-b-Xv, Ad-_n-I-fn, X t\cn-Sp-Xv \njvTq-c\pw
iT-\p-amb Hcp tkzOm-[n-]-Xn-sb-b-spw {]Xyp-X, DZm-c\pw Zbma-b-\p-amb amK-Zi-I-s\-bm-sWpap Bizm-khpw kam-[m-\hpw
Df-hm-n. AXp-aqew am-hn-tam-N-\-n-\p-tijw Atd-_y D]Zzo]v apgp-h Ckvem-ans XW-en hcp--Xn\v cp hj-n-e[nIw thn-h-n-.
lpss\ bp-n-\p-tijw lhm-kn tKm{X-ns \nth-ZI
kwLw X-fpsS XS-hp-Imsc tamNn-n-p--Xn-\p-thn Xncp-ta\nsb kao-]n--tm XS-hp-Im-scmw hoXn--sp Ign-n-cp-p.
Xncp-ta\n apkvenw-Isf hnfn-p-Iq-n-bnv {]kvXm-hnp: ""CXm Cu
Bfp-I ]m--]np hn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ah-cnse XS-hp-Imsc
\n Ahv Xncn- t ]n- - W - s a- mWv Fs A`n- { ]m- b w.
Xs A[o-\-n-ep XS-hp-Im-cs\ bmsXmcp {]Xn-^-ehpw kzoIcn-msX ktm-j-]qhw hn-b-m B{K-ln-p--h As\
46
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
sN-s. {]Xn-êw thW-sa-p--hv, ss_p amen (s]mXp-J-P-\m-hn) BZy-sa-p [\-n\n-p-Xs \mw {]Xn-êw
\In-sm-mw.'' Cs\ Bdm-bn-c-tmfw XS-hp-Im hnap-cmbn. {]Xn-êw Bh-iy-s--hv `c-W-Iq-S-n\nv {]Xn-êw
e`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp(-_p-Jm-cn, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, apkv\-Zv Alva-Zv, Xz_JmXv C_v\p kA-vZv). _-\- hoXn-p-sIm-Sp--s--tijw `cW-Iq-S-n\v kz-ambn Ahsc tamNn-n-m A\p-hm-Z-an-sv
CXn\nv hy-am-Ip-p. AXn\v XS-hp-Im-cs\ A[o-\-s-Sp-nb
hyn-bpsS k-X-ap-m-h-Ww. As-n Abmv {]Xn-êw
sImSp--Ww.
8. bp--S-hp-Imsc hn-bm tamN-\-{Z-hy-ambn [\w kzoIcn kw`hw {]hm-N-Is Imev _Zv bp-th-f-bn am{Xta
Dm-bn-p-q. Av Hcp XS-hp-Im-c\v Bbncw apX 4000 hsc tamN\-{Zhyw kzoI-cn-mWv hn-b--s--Xv (-Xz-_-JmXv C_v\p kA-vZv,
InXm-_p Awhm). A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS Imev CXn\v DZm-l-cWw
ImWp-n-. Ia-im-kv{X-]-n-X-m s]mXp-hn AXns\ A\-`ne-j-Wo-b-ambn hon-ncn-pp. Fnepw Jp-B, tamN-\-{Zhyw
kzoI-cn-p-Xv A\p-h-Zn-n-p-v. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n Hcp {]mhiyw AX\p-k-cnv {]hn-n-p-ap-v. AXp-sImv A{]-Imcw sNp-Xv
\ncp-]m-[nIw hne--s--X-. Camw apl-Zv An-b-dp I_o-dn
]d-bpp: ""apkvenw-Isf kw_-n-n-S-tmfw tamN-\-{Zhyw kzoIcnv bp--S-hp-Imsc hn-b-t--X-\n-hm-cy-am-sW-n A{]-Imcw
sNm-hp--Xm-Ip-p.''
9. tkh\w sNnp kzX-{-cm-n-b-Xn\pw _Zv bp-n
DZm-l-cWw ImWmw. tamN-\-{Zhyw \In kzX-{-cm-hm Ign-hnm Jpssdin bp--S-hp-Imsc tamNn-n-p--Xn\v \_n-Xn-cpta\n D-bn D]m[n CXm-bn-cpp: "Ah-cn Hmtcm-cp-cpw ]phoXw Akm-cn-Isf Fgppw hmb-\bpw ]Tn-n-p-I.'(ap-kv\Zv
Alva-Zv, Xz_-JmXv C_v\p kA-vZv, InXm-_p Awhm)
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
47
10. bp--S-hp-Imsc ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dnb \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-n Xs ImWmw.

Cwdm-\p_v\p lpssk \nth-Z\w sNpp: Hcn- YJo^v
tKm{X-m cp apkvenw-Isf XS-hn-em-n. Ipdp Ime-n-\ptijw YJo-^ns kJy-tKm-{X-amb DssJ-ens] Hcm XS-hpIm-c-\mbn apkvenw-I-fpsS ssIhiw hp-tNp. \_nXncp-ta\n
Abmsf XzmC-^n-te--bv ]Icw {]kvXpX apkvenw XS-hp-Imsc
tamNn-n-p. (ap-kvenw, Xnan-Zn, apkv\Zv Alva-Zv)
bp--S-hp-Im-tcmSv Jp-B-\n-Im-[ym-]-\--fpsS shfn--n,
hnti-jnpw 47-mw A[ym-b-nse \memw kqns ASn-m\-n {]hm-N-I\pw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw kzoI-cn kao-]\w F{Xam{Xw DZm-c-]qW-am-bn-cp-p-shv CXn\n-v {Kln-mw.(-hn-iZ ]T\-n\v knZv A_p AAvem auZq-Zn-bpsS X^vlo-ap Jp-B
`mKw: 5, ]pdw 17-23 ImWpI).
Fv
bpw Jp-B-\nepw EtKz-Z-nepw

""\_ntb, \o hnizm-kn-Isf bp-n\v t{]cn-n-pI. \n-fpsS
Iq-n am-io-e-cmb Ccp-]Xp t]cp-m-bm Ahv Ccp\qdp t]sc Pbn--Smw. \n-fpsS Iq-n \qdp t]cp-s-n
Bbncw t]sc Ahv Pbn--S-m-hp--XmWv. Ah Imcyw {Klnm P\-X-bm-b-Xn-\m-em-WnXv.'' (Jp-B 8:65)
""ssZh-amK-n \n h[n-sSp-Itbm acnpt]mhp-Itbm
BsW-n AXp-hgn Amlphn \nv e`n-m-\n-cn-p ]m]tam-N-\hpw A\p-{K-lhpw I]Shnizm-kn-I Hcp-q-n-sm-n-cn-p-Xn-t\-m-sfmw F{Xtbm sa-am-Ipp. \n ac-W-s-Ss;
h[n--s-Ss; cm-bmepw \nsmw Xn-cnpsNm-\p-Xv
Am-lp-hn--te-m-Ipp.'' (Jp-B 3:157, 158)
""]c-tem-I-n-\p-thn ùXnI Pohn-Xs hn-h ssZhnI
amK-n kacw sNt--Xm-Ipp. B Am-lp-hns amKn s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw As\ h[n--s-Sp-Itbm hnPbnpItbm
sNpIbpw sNp-pthm Ahv \mw AXnal-mb {]Xn-êw
\Ip--Xm-Ipp. \n-s-p-sImv bpw sNbvXp-IqSm? Amlp-hns amK-nepw, "R-fpsS \mYm, A{I-an-I-fmb Bfp-I
A[n-h-kn-p Cu \mn \nv Rsf \o tamNn-n-p-Ibpw
\ns hI-bmbn Hcp cm-[n-Im-cn-sbbpw klm-bn-sbbpw Rp
\o \n-bnp Xcn-Ibpw sNt-Wta' Fp {]mYn-p-sIm-n-cnp aZn-sm-Xp--s ]pcp-j-mpw kv{XoI-pw Ipn-
48
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
I-pw th-nbpw. kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn--h ssZhn-I-amKn kacw sNpp. kXy-\n-tj[w ssIsm--htcm ]nimNns amK-nepw ]S-sh-pp. AXn-\m \n ]nim-Nns an{XtfmSp t]mcm-SpI. Adn-bpI: ]nim-Nns X{w \s Zp_ew
Xs.'' (Jp-B 4:74-76)
""`{Z-amb aXnsp-t]mse H-s-mbn AWn-\n-cv Am-lphns amK-n bpw sNp--hsc Amlp CjvS-s-Spp.
Xo.'' (Jp-B 61:4)
Ckvem-ans hnai-I bp t{]c-I--sfmt-]nv FSp-p- c n- m- d p- Jp- B hmIy- - f m- W nh. Cu kq bp
t{]cIw Xs. CXp-t]m-ep hmIy- Jp-B-\n \nv D-cnm km[npw; ImcWw Ckvemw Hc-h-k-c-nepw Bbp-[-sa-Spmt\m bpw sNmt\m A\p-h-Zn-m aX-a. A\n-hm-cy-amb
kml-N-cy-n AS-f-n-en-d-m\pw AS-cm-Sm\pw AX-\p-h-Znpp. kml-N-cy-ns tX-a-\p-k-cnv AX-\p-h-Zn-p-Ibpw t{]cnn-p-Ibpw \n_-n-p-Ibpw \ntcm[npIbpw sNpp.
AXn-\m CXp kw_--ambn Nne auenI kXy- a\-nem-t--Xpv.
1. Jp-B PmXn, aX, tZi, `mjm t`Z-as\y apgp-h a\p-jyscbpw AXy-[nIw BZ-cn-n-cn-pp: ""a\pjy asf \mw al-XztaIn am\n-n-cn-pp.'' (17:70)
2. AXn-\m AIm-c-W-ambn a\pjy Pohs\ l\n- Gw
Kpcp-X-c-amb A]-cm-[-amWv: ""Amlp BZ-cn a\p-jys\ A\ymb-ambn h[n--cpXv. Bsc-nepw A\ymbambn h[n--s-m AXn\v
{]Xn-{Inbm \S-]Sn tXSm-\p A[n-Imcw Ahs Ah-Im-in-Ip
\mw \In-bn-cn-pp.'' (Jp-B 17:33)
ssZh-ns Da Zmk-msc kw_-nv Jp-B ]d-bpp:
""Ah Amlp BZ-cn Hcp Poh-s\bpw A\ym-b-ambn l\n-p-Ibn.'' (25:68)
\nc-]-cm-[n-bmb Hcmsf h[n-p-Xv a\pjycminsb HmsI
sImp-Xp t]msebpw Hcmv Pohn-m-\-h-k-c-sam-cp-p-Xv apgph a\p-jypw Poh-t\-Ip--Xp-t]m-se-bp-am-sWv Jp-B ]Tnn-pp: ""Hcmsf sIm-Xn\p ]I-c-amtbm As-n `qan-bn
\miw hnX--Xns t]cntem AmsX Bsc-nepw Hcp a\p-jys\
h[n-m Ah apgp-h a\p-jy-scbpw h[n--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ipp.
Hcp-h Bs-nepw PohnXw \In-bm Ah apgp-h a\pjypw PohnXw \In-b-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ipp.'' (Jp-B 5:32)
3. Ctmv bpw sNp--h-tcmSv Xncnv bpw-sN-m A\p-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
49
aXn \Ip-I-bmWv Jp-B sNp-Xv. ""bp-n-\n-c-bm-Ip--hv

Ah aZn-X-cm-b-Xn-\m Xncn--Sn-m A\p-hmZw \I-s-n-cnpp. Amlp Ahsc klm- b n- p- h m Ign- h p- - h Xs;
Xo.'' (Jp-B 22:39)
hnizm-kn-I bpw sNm imkn--sXv A-c-msc t\cnSm-\mWv. ""\n-tfmSv bpw sNp--h-tcmSv Am-lp-hns amKn \nfpw bpw sNpI.'' (Jp-B 2:190)
""_lpssZhm-cm-[-I F{]-Imcw H-s-mbn \n-tfmSv bpw
sNp-pthm AtX hn[w H-s-mbn \nv \n Ah-tcmSpw
bpw sNpI. Adn-bpI: Amlp `-m-cpsS IqsS-bm-Ipp.''
(Jp-B 9:36)
4. bp- t h- f - b n ]cn[n ewLn- m ]mSn- s - v Jp- B
\njvIjn-pp: ""Fm \n ]cn[n ewLn--cpXv. ]cn-[n
ewLnv {]hn-p--hsc Amlp CjvS-s-Sn; Xo.'' (2:190)
5. i{Xp- bp-n \nv hnc-an-m hnizm-kn-Ifpw bpw
\nWw:
""\n-tfmSv bpw sNm Ah aSn-p-n-s-ntem \nfpw
Ah- t cm- t S- p- a p- pI. CXp- X - s - b mWv Acw kXy\ntj- [ nIp in. Fm Ah hnc-an-p-p-sh-ntem, Adn-bpI:
Am-lp -am-t-Ip--h\pw Zbm-]-c-\p-am-Ipp.'' (Jp-B 2:191,192)
""IpgapmpXv Ahkm\npXphscbpw A\pkcWw
]qWambpw ssZhn\mbnocpXphscbpw AhtcmSv bpw
sNpI. AYhm Ah hncanppshn Amlp Ah
{]hnp- s ImncnpsXmsbpw Idnbph\mIpp.''
(JpB 8: 39)
6. cmPy-t{Zml {]h\w \S-p I]Shnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw P\-fpsS ta ]c-am-[n-]Xyw \S-pI hgn auenI a\p-jym-h-Im-i \ncm-I-cn-p `c-W-Iq-S--tfmSpw Jp-B bpw A\p-h-Znp-Ibpw Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p-sh-nepw Icm-dn-tes-- \mSp-I-tfmSv AXp- ]m-Sn-sv ]Tn-n-pp: ""kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cnp-Ibpw kztZiw shSnbp-Ibpw tZlw sImpw [\w sImpw
ssZhn- I - a mK- n kacw \Sp- I bpw sNbvX- h cpw
\mSphnphhv A`bw \IpIbpw klmb- t aIpIbpw
sNbvXhcpaptm; Ah, bYmY-n ]c-kv]cw cm-[n-Imcn-I-fm-Ipp. hnizmkw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw kztZiw shSn-bm-Xn-cn-pIbpw sNp--htcm, \nv Ah-cpsS cm-IXrXz _m[y-Xbn. Ah \mSp-hnp hcpw-hsc Fm X-fpsS aX-Im-cy-n
Ah klmbw tXSn-bm klm-bn-t-Xv \n-fpsS _m[y-XbmWv. Fm AXv \n-fp-ambn Icm-dn-tes GsX-nepw P\-
50
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
X-s-Xn-sc-bm-h-cpXv. \n sNp--sXms Amlp I-dn-bppv.'' (Jp-B 8:72)

7. bpw A\n-hm-cy-ambn hcp-tm t]mepw AXv ]c-am-h[n
a\pjy \mihpw kzv \jvShpw Hgn-hm-n-sm-m-bn-cn--W-sav
Ckv e mw \njv I jn- pp. AXp- s Im- p- X s {]hm- N - I s
Imep \S 81 bp--fn 259 apkvenw-Ifpw 759 i{Xp--fpapssS 1018 t] am{Xta h[n--s-pq. hf-sc hnim-e-am-sbmcp
cmPyv ka-{K-amb Hcp hnhw krjvSn-m A{Xbpw a\pjy
Poht\ \jvS-am-bp-q-sh-Xv am\h Ncn-{X-nse alm hnkva-bambn amdm-\p Imc-Whpw asm-.
8. kam-[m\w B{K-ln-p--hpw knv At]-n-p-hp-sa-Xnsc bpw sNm ]mSn-sv Jp-B ]Tn-n-pp:
""Ah kam-[m-\-n-tev Nmbp-p-sh-n \obpw AXn\p k-\m-hpI. Am-lp-hn `c-ta-ev]n-p-Ibpw sNpI. Ah Fmw
tIp--h\pw Adn-bp--h\pw Xs; Xo.'' (8:61)
""Ah \n-tfmSp bpw sNmsX amdn \np-Ibpw \nfpsS t\sc kn-bp-sSbpw kam-[m-\-n-sbpw lkvXw \op-Ibpw
sNp-p-sh-n ]ns Ahsc B{I-an-m \nv Amlp
Hcp- h-gnbpw A\p-h-Znp Xn-n.'' (4:90)
9. bp-n-em-bmepw \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf h[n-p-Xv Ckvemw hnen-bn-cn-pp. kv{XoI-sfbpw Ipn-I-sfbpw hr-m-scbpw Bcm-[\m-e-b--fn HXp-n--gn-bp--h-scbpw h[n--cp-sXpw Irjn \inn--cp-sXpw ê-hr-- shn apdn--cp-sXpw \_nXncp-ta\n
Iev]n-n-cn-pp. Cs\ Ckvemw bp-sbpw Bo-b-hcn-p-Ibpw aqey\nc-Xhpw [a\njvT-hp-am-p-Ibpw sNpp.
A\n-hmcy L--fn Bbp-[-a-Wn-bm A\p-h-Zn-m aXta-bn. ùXnI Zi-\--fpsS nXnbpw `n-a. amIvknkw hn`mh\ sNp kmaq-lnI \oXn kvYm]n-m AXv \ntZ-in-p
amKw Xs kmbp-[-hn--h-am-Wtm.
Ckvemw B{I-tam-p-Ihpw Jp-B bp-t{]-c-I-hp-am-sWv
Btcm-]-W-ap--bn-p--h {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p lnpXzw ASn-apSn
ctWm-p-I-as{X.
ssl-h-X-bnse {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-amb thZw EtKz-Z-am-Wtm.
kvtXm{X-a-b-amb thZ-sa-m-Wtm AXns AYw. EtKz-Z-n
{][m-\-ambpw hmgv-s-Sp-Xv C{-\mWv. AXn-\p-Im-cWw {ZmhnUsc sImsm- S p- m\pw Ah- c psS ]pc- fpw ]- W - fpw
XIm\pw klm-bn--Xs{X. hn.hn.sI. hmev Fgp-Xpp:
""Ah-km\w C{-k-lm-b-tmsS Bcy-m bpw Pbn-pp.
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
51
C{ ]pc--c-\mWv. Zkyp--fpsS ]pc-, ]-W- s]mfn-m

C{ am{Xta i-\m-bn-pq.''
""cp hK-mcpw cp sshcp-[y-am-bn-cpp. Bcy-m kpapJ-m-cmWv. Zkyp- Idp-n-cppw aqp ]Xp-nbpw. Bcy-mcpsS BNm-c-{I-a--fn. tZh-X-Isf D]m-kn-n. BI-bm "iniv\tZh'sc iIm-c-tcpw Inn.''
""t]mIp-a-S-co\ ZpjvS-h-gn--h
t]mcn t\-n-\mbv Npn-\S-nSpw
iniv\tZh-msc aZn-s-Xns]S
XX Zzmc-k---Spw _em''
(EtKzZw: 10:99:-8)
""C{ iniv\-tZ-h-msc (Zkyp-sf) Aa hcpn. AhcpsS ]pc- XIp. Ah-cpsS kh kzp-fpw ssIb-S-pIbpw sNbvXp.'' (EtKz-Z-n-eqsS, aqmw ]Xnv, \mjvW _pIv
m, t]. 40)
""Zkyp--fpsS ]W [zwk-I-\mb C{ Zkyp-hmb Ic-s\
sImp, ]qW-bs\ sImp. AXn-Yn-Kz-s\ Bcy cmPm-hn-\p-thn
EPnizmsh asmcp Bcy-cm-Pm-thm-sSmw hwlr-Z-s\ Zkyp-cmPm-hns \qdp ]pc- Npp s]mSnp. Ah-km\w Imdpw tImfpw
ianp. Zkyp- tXm]n--sp.'' (Ibid, t]. 41)
""Zkyp--fpsS ({Zmhn-U-cpsS) kwkvImcw Bcy-kw-kvIm-c-n\v
Akqb P\n-np. iw_-c (Zky-p cm-Pmhv) \qdp \K-c--fp-sS -D-S-a-\m-bn-cpp.
""B iw_- c s \qdp ]pcm- X \ \K- c - sf h{Pw sImv
]nfntbm, B hn-bpsS \qdm-bn-cs hogn-pthm, B C{\v
tkmaw sImp hcp-hn.'' (EtKzZw II: 14:6- D-cWw Ibid t]Pv 73)
EtKz-Z-n Zkyp-sf, AYhm {Zmhn-Usc sImsm-Sp-n-bXns hnh-cWw hnhn-[-bn-S--fn ImWmw.
Bcy-m C{-t\mSp \S-nb {]mY\ EtKzZw Cs\ D-cnpp: ""R \mep-]mSpw i{Xp--fm hebw sNbvXn-mWv.
Zkyp-hK-m bw sNp-n. Ah bmsXm-nepw hniz-knp-n. Ah-cpsS BNm-c- hyXy-kvX--fmWv. Ah a\p-jyc! Atbm i{Xp- l - mth, Ahsc kwl- c n- mepw! Zmk- h Kns aqe-tOZw hcp-n-bmepw.'' (10:22,8- hnh: hn.hn.sI. hmev)
BZn-th-Z-amb EtKzZw bp-n\pw sImebvpw lnwkbvpw
\Inb {]m[m- \ y- a m- W tm CsXmw hy- a m- p- Xv . EtKz- Z nse \men-sempw C{-s\-p-dn-mWv. C{ sNbvX Ghpw
52
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
al-mb IrXytam Zkyp--sfbpw Ah-cpsS ]pc--sfbpw \inn-epw!

thZ-X-z-sf P\-v a\-n-em--nsm-Sp-m-\mbn BhnjvIcn--h-bm-Wtm ]pcm-W-. Ah-bn-te-sdbpw bp--sfbpw
Iq-sm-e-I-sfbpw Ih-I-sfbpw Xn-smpt]mI-ep-I-sfbpw
kw_-n IY-I-fs{X.
alm-`m-c-X-n Ipcp-t{X bp-n Iuc-h-tcmSv bpw
sNm ]mWvU-ham sN-tm ]mWvU-h-ho-c-\mb APp\\v _p-P-\-sf sImm henb ZpxJw tXmn. APp-\s
tXcm-fn-bmb IrjvW APp-\s B Zu_eyw amm\pw aSn-IqSmsX bpw sNm\pw Bh-iy-sp \Inb D]-tZ-i-am-Wtm KoX.
KoX-bnse Hm-a-[ym-b-n, Xm bpw sNbvXp sImt
_p--sfbpw BNm-cy-m-scbpw Iv ZpxJn-X-\mb APp-\ "Chsc-smv cmPyw t\Sp--Xn-t\-m t`Zw `n-sb-Spp t]mIp-Xm-sW'v ]dv Apw hnpw Dt]-n-p-tm IrjvW
AXns\ ]cn-l-kn-p-Ibpw bp-n\v t{]cn-n-p-I-bp-amWv sNpXv. AXn {ioIr-jvW APp-\-t\mSv ]d-bpp:
acn-p-In kzKsamw
Pbn-m `qan hmWnSmw
AXn-\m-se-gp-tWw
bpw sNm-\p-dp \o
(A[ymbw cv, kmwJy-tbmKw, tmIw 37)
Ipn-IrjvW amcmcv Fgp-Xpp:
k\m-X\ [a-n\p kwi-b-ta-Xp-an, lnwk Xs {]amWw:
""Kpcpw hm _me-hr-u hm
{_mlvaWw hm _lp-{ipXw
BX-Xm-bn\ambmw
l\ymtZhmhnNm-c-b
AYw: Kpcp-hm-bmepw icn, Ipm-bmepw hr-\m-bmepw icn,
hfsc ]Tn-p-sN {_m-W-\m-bmepw icn, Ctmp sImm
hm in-msX sImphnSpI. Fn ""Alnwkm ]c-tam [x'' F {]am- W - n- s \- Yw? Bscbpw Atmp tIdn
sIm-cp-sXv am{Xw.
alm- ` m- c - X - n òjv a acphmIy- a mbn ]c- i p- c m- a - t \mSpw
(DtZymK]hw 178-.-48) hmevaoIncmam-b-W-n eva-W Iukey-tbmSpw (AtbmymImw 21.13) ]d-bp {]kn ]Zy--fpsS
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
53
s]mcpfpw CXpXs.
""Kptcm-c]yhen-]vXky
Imcym-ImcyaPm-\Xx
D]Y(w) {]Xn-]-ky
Imcyw `hXnimk\w
`mcX ]mTw.
]cn-XymtKm hn[o-btX.''
AYw: sNt-Xpw sN-cp-Xm-Xpw Xncn--dn-bmsX Al-mcw apgpp hgnsXn-tm-Ip Kpcp-hn-s\-tmepw imkn-Ww, alm`m-cX ]mT-{]-Imcw Ism-gn-Ww. Kpcp-hm-b-Xp-sImv BZyw t\hgn ImWnp sImSpmw. Iqm-m-m A\p-k-cn-msX \m-Ww
sISpn hnSpI. HSp-s In-\p- sIm-p-Ibpw. òjva PK-tZIhoc-\mb Kpcp-hns\ bp-n tXmev]nv \mWw sISp-n-hn--tX-bpq. eva-W-\m-Is, kz]n-Xmhv ""h[yXmw _m[yXma]n'' sIms-Sp-Itbm sIn s]Sp-p-Itbm sNbvI. (Atbmy 21. 12) Fp
hsc ]d-bp-pv. (ic-Wm-KXn, \mj-W _pvm, tIm-bw
1976, ]pdw 198)
hopw Fgp-Xpp: k\m-X\ [an\v "Alnw-km-]-ct-am -[ax'
FXp imizX {]amWw Xs; ZpjvIam-m--fmb Bkp-c-cmk P\-tf AXp ewLn-p-I-bpq. Nnc--\-amb alm-`m-c-Xn imn ]hm- c w- ` - n bp[n- j v T n- c mp\ kwhm- Z - a mbn
Alnw-ksb kw_-n Hcp hnNm-c-apv. AXnse aqp tmIw
Xmsg DZm-l-cnmw:
""\ln ]iyman Pohw
temtI InZlnw-kbm
ksszxkzm\n Po-hn
Zp-sse_e-h-cmx (15.20)
AYw: temI-n Alnw-k-sImp Pohn-p--h-cmbn Bscbpw Rm ImWp-n. {]mWn-I-sf-sm-s{X {]mWn-I s]mdp-
54
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
p-Xv. _e-ta-dn-b-h _ew Npcp-n-b-hscsmp- s]m-dp-pp.

""temIbm{Xm- t a- h m{X
[{]h-N\w IrXw
Alnwkmkm[p-lnw-tkXn
t{ibm []cn-{Klx''
Aw: temIw \Spt]mIm thn-bmWv ChnsS [a {]hN\w sNbvXp shn-cn-p-Xv. Alnw-k-sb-p-sh-m \ hgnp
\S-m Bkpc -cm-k {]Ir-Xn-Isf sImsm-Sp-p-I-bmWv
t{ib-kvI-c-amb [a kzoImcw.
""am N tX \nLv\Xx i{Xq
a\yp`hXp ]mnh
\ X{X Inev_njw Inn
Ip`hXn ]mnh. (15. 54)
AYw: `cXhwi-P-\mb cmPmth, Ap i{Xp-sf sImpXv ]I-sh-m-I-cpXv. ]I-sbm-gn sIme-sImp sIm-hp
]m]tan. temtIm-]-Im-c-n-\p-thn ZpjvS \n{Klw sNpp
F-msX IpSn-Ishp Iq-sme \S-n-tm-I-cp-sXp kmcw.
ChnsS Hcp tNmZyw Fgp-tp hcpp. kzw IpSpw-_-n
NXn- s m- e - I t]mepw \S- n- b n- t ]mWv U - h Cu imn]hn- s e- n- b Xv ? As\s. NXnbpw sIme- b p- a - msX
asmcp sXmgn- e p- a - d n- b m Bkpc cmk P\- sf Ah- c psS
sXmgn sImp- X s sImsm- S p- m- s a- mWv [ \nbw.
A{X-am-{Xta ]mWvU-h sNbvXn-pq. AXp icn Xs Fv iey]hw Adp-]-sm-m-a-ym-b-n {ioIr-jvW-`-K-hm hnkvXcncp sNbvXn-pv. '' (Ibid 199, 200)
Cu hn[w bpm-lzm\w \S-pIbpw Iq-sme \S-n-b-Xns
t]cn C{s\ hmgvpIbpw sNp k\mX\ [ans hm-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
55
sfv AhImisSph A\n- h mcy kml- N - c y- n am{Xw

bp-n\v A\p-a-Xnbpw Blzm-\hpw \Ip Jp-Bs\ hnainp-Xv Gsd hnNn-{X-as{X. JpB hcpImWnXp-t]mep
A\nhmcy kml- N cyfn XnI AlnwkmhmZnbmbn- c p
KmnPnt]mepw hyXykv - X amb kao]\a kzoIcnpIsbv
Atlns hmpI Xs hyampp; NucnNucbnse
Xoshns\ kqNnnpsImv 1922se almhnNmcWmthfbn
KmnPn Cs\bmWv samgn \-InbXv: ""Rm Xo sImmWv
IfnpsXv F\nv Adnbmambn-cpp. AXne-Snb A]IS
km[yX t\cnSm Xs Rm Xocpam\np. Fs kzX{\mbn
hnSpIbmsWn CXp Xs C\nbpw Rm Bhn-pw. Fs
hnizmk{]amWfn Alnwk {]Ya m\alnpp.
Fm F\nv cnsemv sXcsSp- t - Xpmbncpp.
Fs cmPy-n\v A]cnlmcyamwhn[w hn\mi hcpnsh
Hcp hy-hnXnv Fpw hnt[b\mbn IgnbpItbm Asn
Fs \mpIm Fs Npn\nv hkvXpnXnIfpsS
kXysasv a\nem-ptm Ahcn Bfnntbmhp
IpImWm- tcmjmn- b psS A]IS km[yX t\cnSpItbm
cnsemp thWambncpp. Rm cmatXv sXcsSpp.''
(lnc apPn; almmKmn: 100 Ctbkv. DcWw:
Xmbmpic. `mcXob \thmm\ns cq]tcJ ]pdw. 88)
Fm kXy-n\pw [a-n\pw \bvpw \oXnpw kaXzn-\pw kzmX-{y-n\pw kam-\-amb alXv Imcy-p-a-msX
hKn- t \m hW- nt\m tZi- nt\m `mjtm PmXntm
tKm{X-nt\m AXp-t]m-ep--hbvtm Bbp-[-sa-Sp-mt\m AS-cmSmt\m Jp-B A\p-h-Zn-p-n-s Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kvXmhy- a s{X.
HXv
\mep-Xcw _-
""k Xy-hn-izm-kn-Itf, kzw ]nXm--sfbpw ktlm-Z-c-m-scbpw
t]mepwAh kXy-hn-izm-k-s-m kXy-\n-tj-[-n\v apKW\ \Ip-p-sh-n \n-fpsS cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm-m-Xn-cn-pI.
\n-fn Bsc-nepw As\ sNp-p-sh-n Ah A{I-anI Xs.'' (Jp-B 9:23)
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itf, \np apv thZw e`n--h-cn \n-
56
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
fpsS aXs lm-kyhpw Ifn-bp-am-n-b-h-scbpw ap \ntj-[n-Isfbpw \n B-an-{X--fm-m-Xn-cn-pI. Am-lpsh kqnp-Ibpw sNpI. \n kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-n.'' (5:57)
C{-{] hniz-ln-p-]-cn-jv hnip--Jp-B-\n \nv \ow
sN-W-sa-m-h-iy-sv FSp-p-tN 24 hmIy--fn apI-fn-ep-hbpw Ds-Spp. ]c-aX hntZzj {]Nm-cW]c-sapw bp t{]cI-sa-p-amWv hnai-I-cpsS Ah-sb-p-dn Btcm-]Ww.
Ckvemw a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep _s \membn
Xcw Xncn-n-cn-pp. Hmtcm-nepw kzoI-cn-t kao-]\w hyam-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-pp.
1. BZi-_w: Htc BZi-hn-izm-k-aw-Ko-I-cn-p-Ibpw AXn\mbn \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw sNp--h BZi-k-aq-l-nse AwKfpw ]c-kv]cw hnizmk ktlm-Z-c--fp-amWv. Amlp Adn-bnpp: ""kXy-hn-izm-kn-I ]c-kv]cw ktlm-Z-c--fmWv. AXn-\m,
\n-fpsS ktlm-Z-c-mn-S-bn cRvPn-p-m-pI. Am-lpsh
kqn-p-Ibpw sNpI. \n Znhy Imcp-Wy-n\v Al-cmtbpw.'' (49:10)
""kXyhnizm-kn-Ifpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-\n-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw klm-bnIfpw B-an-{X--fp-am-Ipp. Ah \ I]n-p-Ibpw Xn hntcm[n-p-Ibpw sNpp.'' (9:71)
{]hm-N-I (k) ]d-bpp: ""]c-kv]-c-kvt\-l-nepw Icp-Wbnepw Zbm-hm--ey-nepw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I Hcp icocw t]msebmWv. AXnse GsX-nepw Hc-h-b-h-n\v thZ\ hm ico-cnse CXc `mK--sfmw Dd--sam-gnpw ]\npw AXn ]ptN-cpp.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
a\p-jysc Iqn-bn-W-p ]e LS-I--fp-apv. hKw, hWw,
tZiw, `mj, enwKw, PmXn, Ipew Cs\ ]eXpw a\pjy _v \nZm-\-am-hm-dpv. Ign Iptd ]Xn-m-p-I-fmbn tZi-amWv
a\pjy _- - f psS am\- Z - W v U - a mbn hn- p- Xv . CXns
\ncY-I-Xbpw A\u-Nn-Xyhpw Aev]w Btem-Nn-p Bpw
A\m-bmkw t_m[y-amIpw. bYmY-n ssZh-ns `qan-bn
a\p-jy hc-p Ir{Xn-a-amb hc-bmWv cmPym-Xnn-I. Ac-samcp hc Fmw Xocp-am-\n-p Ah--bmWv Cp-Xv. hcbvv
Cp-d-ap--h-scms an{X-fpw th-s--h-cp-ambn KWn--s-Spp.
Ah A{I- a n- I fpw A[an- I fpw Agn- a - X n- mcpw sIm- mcpw
sIme-bm-fn-I-fp-am-sW-nepw \psS ktlm-Z-c--fmWv. Fm,
hcbvv Ap-d-ap--h i{Xp-fpw sIm-cp-Xm--h-cp-ambn IcpX-s-Spp. Ah F{X hnip-cpw \-hcpw alm-m-cp-am-sW-nepw
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
57
AI--s-tS--h-cmWv. hcbvv Dn-ep--hsc h[n-p-Xv sIme]m-X-I-amWv. ]pd-p--hsc sImp-Xv {]iw-kml-amb hoc-IrXyhpw. C{X-tbsd lo\hpw ]Xn-X-hp-amb am\-Z-WvU-amWv Gsdt-cp-anv AwKo-I-cn-n-p-Xv. ]nd {]tZ-i-tmSv {]nb-ap-m-hpI
kzm`m-hn-I-amWv. AXv A\-`n-e-j-Wo-btam Bt-]mltam A.
Fm, \Xn--I-fp-sSbpw icnsX-p-I-fp-sSbpw i{XpXan{X-Xbp-sSbpw ASp--n-sbpw AI-bp-sSbpw ASn-m\w AXmIm-h-X. AXn-\m-emWv tZiobX a\pjy hwi-ns Bob
Iqm- b v a bv v FXncpw am\- h nI hncp- - h p- a m- s Wv cho- { - \ mYv
SmtKm {]Jym- ] n- Xv . tZio- b X Itm ImtXm a\- m- ntbm
[man-I-Xtbm Cm-Xpw a\p-jy-\nse A[a hnIm-c-n ]Spp-b-s--Xp-am-sWv Atlw A`n-{]m-b-s-n-cn-pp.
GXp tZiv, GXp PmXn-bn, GXp `mj-bn kwkm-cn-p-hcmbn, GXp amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS a-fmbn P\n--W-sav Xocp-am\n-p-Xv \mam-cp-a-tm. PmXnbpw hKhpw hWhpw tZihpw
`mjbpw Imehpw tIme-hpw enwKhpw Ipe-hp-samw a\p-jys B{Klm-`n-em-j-pw {ia-pw AXo-X-ambn kw`-hn-p--h-bmWv.
AXp-sIm-p-Xs a\p-jy\v Hcp ]p-an-m Ah-sbmpw am\pjnI _--fpsS auenI am\-Z-WvU--fm-Im-h-X. adnv, a\pjy\v kzbw Xocp-am-\n-m\pw sXc-s-Sp-m\pw kzoIcnm\pw
{]tbmKhcnm\pw km[y-Xbpw kzmX-{y-hp-ap hnizmkw,
PohnX hoWw, kz`mhw, s]cpamw, kao-]\w t]mep--h-bm-bncn-Ww am\-hnI _--fpsS ASn-m\w. AXn-\m-emWv Ckvemw,
BZi hnizm-k-fpw PohnX coXn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-Ww a\pjy_-fpsS am\-Z-sav Dun--d-Xv. {]Ya ]cn-K-W\ AXn\v
\Im-\p Imc-Whpw AXp-Xs.
2. c-_w: a\p-jys P\\nepw hf-bnepw \nWm-bI-amb ]p hln-p amXm-]n-Xm-, Gw ASp-n-S-]-g-Ip
ktlm-Zco ktlm-Z-c-m, D _p- Fn-hn-S-bn KmV_- - a p- m- h pI kzm`m- h n- I hpw {]IrXn]c- h p- a s{X. Ckv e mw
AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-p-I-am-{X-a, t{]mm-ln-n-pI IqSn sNpp.
Amlp ]d-bpp: ""\ns \mY \n_--]qhw \njvIjn-ncn-pp: Ah-s\-b-msX \o hgn-sp Pohn--cpXv. amXm-]n-Xm-tfmSv \\ne-bn hnWw. Ahcn Hcmtfm Asn cmfptam hm[Iyw _m[nv hnh-i-cmbm \o Ah-tcmSv A\n-jvS-I-camb Hc-cwt]mepw ]d-b-cpXv. ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-d-cpXv. am\yamb hmp-I am{Xta ]d-bmhq. Imcp-Wy-tmsS hn\-bam-Ip
NndIv Ahv hnSn-sm-Sp-Ww. "\mYm! Ah-cn-cp-hcpw sImp\m- f n Fs ]cn- ] m- e np hfn- b - t ]mse \obpw Ah- t cmSv
ImcpWyw ImWn-t-Wta' Fv {]mYn-p-Ibpw thWw'' (17: 23,
58
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
24). {]hm-N-I (k) ]dp: ""ssZh-{]oXn amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS {]oXnbn-emWv. ssZh-tIm-]tam amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS tIm]-nepw.'' (lmInw)
""Am-lp-hns \nb-a-a-\p-k-cnv c-_--ap--h At\ym\yw
IqSp-X ASp--h-cm-Ipp. Amlp Fm Imcy-fpw \mbn
Adn-bp--hXs, Xo'' (JpB 8: 75).
Fm, c- _ w t]mepw BZi- h n- i zm- k - v Xtan- m- h - X . AtX- k - a bw BZi- h n- t cm- [ n- I - f mb _p- tfmSpt]mepw \\ne-bnepw am\y-ambpw hn--W-sav Jp-B
IWn- i - a mbn I]n- pp. Amlp ]d- b pp: ""a\p- j y- t \mSv
Ahs amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS Imcyw \mw D]-tZ-in-n-cn-pp. ISp
ti-tm-sS-bmWv amXmhv Ahs\ K`w Npa-Xv. Ahs apeIpSn \nm cp-hjw thWw. AXn-\m \o FtmSpw \ns
amXm-]n-Xm--tfmSpw \n ImWn-pI. Xncn-p-h-chv Fs ASp-tmWv. \n\v bmYmYyw hy-am-b-dn-bm hkvXp-sf Fn
]p-tN-W-sav Ah-cn-cp-hcpw \ns \n_-n-m \o Ahsc
A\p-k-cnp t]mI-cpXv. AtXm-sSmw sFln-I-Po-hn-X-n Ahcp-ambn \ \ne-bn kl-h-kn-p-Ibpw sNpI.'' (31:14,15)
Pohn- X - n Fs- nepw BZiw AwKo- I - c nv AXn- t \mSv
BmYX ]pep Gh-cp-tSbpw kao-]\w CXp-X-s-bm-bncnpw. Iayq-Wn-p-Im-c-\mb Hcm-tfmSv Abm-fpsS BZi-n\p hncp- a mb \ne- ] mSv kzoI- c n- m Bcp- X s \n_- n- mepw
Abmv Xs BZi-tmSv {]Xn-_--X-bp-s-n AXw-KoI-cn-p-I-bn. C{]-Imcw Xs kzIm-cy-X-Ifpw cl-ky-fpw IcpXns-h-bv]p-I-fp-an-msX B-_w m]n-m BZi-_-pt km[n-p-I-bpq. lnp-Xz-hm-Zn-bmb kwL-Ip-Spw-_mwKw
Xs c-_-p-hmb ktlm-Z-c-t\mSv ]d-bm k--am-hm ]e
Imcy- fpw Xs kwL- I p- S pw- _ - nse kplr- n- t \mSv ]d- b ms\mpw aSn- p- I - b n. kzIm- c y- X - I fpw cl- k y- - f p- a n- m Cu
B-_w BZi-hn-izm-kn-In-S-bnte km[y-am-hp-I-bpq.
AXn-\m-emWv hnip--Jp-B BZi-hn-tcm-[n-IsfAh Bcmbn-cp-mepw cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fm--cp-sXv HXmw A[ymbw 23-mw
hmIy-nepw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf B-an-{X--fm--cp-sXv Amw
A[ymbw 57-mw hmIy-nepw Bh-iy-s-Xv. kXy-k--X-bp
Bcpw CXn A\u- N n- X ytam Ak- l n- j v W p- X tbm ImWp- I tbm
Btcm-]n-p-Itbm C.
3. am\p-jn-I-_w: Xs BZi-tmSv i{XpX ]pem
apgph\mfpItfmSpw D-X-amb am\p-jn-I-_-hpw kmaq-ln-I-a-cymZ- I fpw ]men- m Fm kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I fpw _m[y- - c mWv .
Acw Abm-scbpw AXn-Yn-I-sfbpw BZ-cn-m apkvenw-I
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
59
IS-s-n-cn-pp. AK-Xn-I-sfbpw Ah-i-scbpw Ai-c-W-scbpw kwcn-epw Ah-cpsS kpJ-Zpx-J--fn ]p-tN-cepw Ah-tcmSv Da-kz-`m-h-tmsS hn-epw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS aX-]-c-amb Npa-Xe-bs{X. AK-Xn-I-sfbpw A\m-Y-scbpw kwc-n-m I]n-tSv Ckvemw PmXn-a-X-]-cn-K-W-\Itfm hnth-N-\tam I]n-n-n.
""aX-\n-tj[n Bscv \o I-dn-n-ptm? Abmtfm, Abm
A\m-Ysb Ah-K-Wn-pp. AK-Xnsb Bl-cn-n-m t{]cn-n-pp-an. \a-kvIm-c-mv sImSnb \miw. Ahtcm, X-fpsS \akvIm-cs kw_-nv A{i--cmWv. Ah Bfp-Isf ImWn-pI-bmWv. Ah sImp-sImp D]-Im-c-hsc XS-bp--h-cmWv''
(JpB: 107: 1-7).
""\o A\m-Ysb Ah-tl-fn--cpXv. tNmZn-p-h-cp--hsc hnc-n-hn-ScpXv'' (JpB 93: 9, 10).
Pohn-X-Im-ep am{X-a, ac-W-ti-jhpw CXc aXm-\p-bm-bn-ItfmSv am\-hn-I-_-hpw BZ-chpw ]pe-W-sav {]hm-N-I ]Tnn-pp. apl--Zv \-_nbpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Hn-n-cns Ah-cpsS
Acn-In-eqsS Hcp arX-tZlw sImpt]mbn. AXp-I {]hm-N-I
Fgp-tp \np. Atm Ahn-Ss A\p-N-c-cn-sem-cm ]dp:
""AXv Hcp blq-Zs arX-tZ-l-amWv.'' DSs\ {]hm-N-I {]Xn-h-NnXv, Abmfpw a\p-jy-\m-sWpw a\p-jy-sc-sbms BZ-cn--Wsa-p-amWv.
kaq-l-nse apgp-h AwK--tfmSpw Fm-hn[ am\p-jn-I-_- fpw ]men- - W - s apw _m[y- X - I \nh- l n- - W - s apw
Ckvemw A\p-im-kn-pp.
4. i{Xp--tfm-Sp _w. BZi i{Xp- cp hn[-apv:
F) hnizm-kn-Isf t{Zmln-p-Itbm aZn-p-Itbm Ah-cpsS \min-\p-thn {ian-p-Itbm sNm--h. A-c-m-tcmSv \ \nebn hn-p-Ibpw am\p-jn-I-_w ]pep-Ibpw _m[y-XI \nh-ln-p-Ibpw thWw. Amlp ]d-bpp:
""aX-Im-cy-n \n-tfmSv bpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw \n-fpsS
hoSp-I-fn \nv \nsf ]pd-m-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--hsc
kw_-n-n-S-tmfw \n-f-hv \ sNp-Xpw \n-f-h-tcmSv
\oXn ImWn- p- Xpw Amlp \n- t fmSv \ntcm- [ n- p- n.
Amlp \oXn ]men-p--hsc CjvS-s-Spp. \nbw, aX-Im-cy-fn \n-tfmSv bpw sNp-Ibpw \n-fpsS hoSp-I-fn \nv
\nsf ]pd-m-p-Ibpw \nsf ]pd-m-p--Xn ]c-kv]cw
kl-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-hsc kw_-np am{X-amWvAh-tcmSv
B-_w m]n-p-XvAmlp \ntcm-[n-p-Xv. Bsc-nepw
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
60
Ah- t cmSv B- _ w ]pep- p- s h- n Ah Xs- b mWv

A{I-an-I.''(JpB 60: 8, 9)
_n) kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf ]oUn-n-p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv bpw \Sp-Ibpw sNp i{Xp-. Ah-tcmSv Ctmp bpw sNp-t]mse Atmpw AS-cm-S-W-sapw, Fm ]cn[n ewLn--cpsXpw Ah ]nn- c n- m bpw \n- W - s apw Ckv e mw
A\p-im-kn-pp:
""\n-tfmSv bpw sNp--h-tcmSv Am-lp-hns amK-n
\nfpw bpw sNpI. Fm, AXn-{Iaw AcpXv. AXn-{I-a-Imcn-Isf Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-n. \n Ah-cp-ambn GpappXv
FhnsSshmbmepw Ahcpambn ]S-sh-pI. Ah \nsf ]pdw-Xn-bXv Fhn-sS-\ntm Ahn-sS-\nv Ah-scbpw \n ]pdw-X-pI.
ImcWw ]oU\w sIme- t b- m ITn- \ - a s{X. Ah \n- t fmSv
bpw sNm-n-S-tmfw akvPn-Zpl-dm-an-\-Sp-p-hv \n AhtcmSv Gp-ap--cpXv. AYhm, Ah Ahn-sS-shv \n-tfmSv bpw
sNp-p-sh-n \n Ah-tcmSpw s]mcp-XpI. CXp-X-s-bm-Ipp
Acw \ntj-[n-Ip {]Xn-êw. Fm, Ah hnc-an-pp-sh-ntem, Adn-bpI, Amlp amt-Ip--h\pw Icp-Wm-a-b-\pam-Ipp.'' (JpB 2: 190-192)
Ccw sImSnb i{Xp- - t fm- S p- t ]mepw A\oXn ImWn- - c psXpw \oXn ]pe-W-sapw Ckvemw I]n-pp:
""kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn--htc, \n Am-lp-hn-\p-thn
t\amK-n Dd-p-\n-e-sIm-p--hcpw \oXnv kmyw hlnp--h-cp-am-hpI. Hcp P\-X-tbm-Sp i{XpX A\oXn {]hnm \nsf t{]cn-n-m-Xn-cn-s. \oXn ]men-p-hn. AXmWv
ssZh-`-nv Gw A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-p-Xv. Am-lp-thmSv `nbp- - h - c m- I pI. \n {]hnpsImn- c n- p- - s Xm- s bpw
kqva-ambn Adn-bp--h-\mWv Amlp.'' (JpB 5:8)
C{X-tbsd DZm-chpw am\p-jn-I-hp-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw
kln-jvWp-Xm-]qW-amb ]c-kv]-c-_w ]pem Bh-iy-sSp-Ibpw sNbvX asmcp Zi-\tam {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xtam aXtam thsd
ImWpI km[y-a. PmXo-b-X-bp-sSbpw kp-NnX tZio-b-X-bp-tSbpw
XS-h-d-I-fn \nv ]pdp IS-m-\m-hm--hv CXns alXzw
a\-n-em-m km[n-p-n-s-n AXv Ckvem-ans Ip-a-tm.
]v
_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-Icpw akvPn-Zpl-dmapw
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itf, _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I Ahn-ip--cmWv. AXn-\m
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
61
Csm--n-\p-tijw Ah akvPn-Zpl-dm-ans ASp-v h-cm

]mSn.'' (Jp-B 9: 28)
Ckvem-ans hnai-I AXns Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bpsS AS-bmf-ambn FSppImWn-m-dp Jp-B hmIy--fn-sem-m-WnXv.
CXns Ah- X - c - W - ] - m- - e hpw Bi- b hpw At\z- j n- - d n- b p
Ghpw Btcm- ] Ww ASn- m- \ - c - l n- X - a m- s Wv A\m- b mkw
t_m[y-amIpw.
Jpssd-in-I-fpsS ISp FXnpw sImSnb aZ-\hpw Imc-Wambn apl--Zv\-_npw A\p-bm-bn-Ipw a-tbmSv hnS-]-d-tbn
hp. AtX-p-Sv aZo-\-bn-se-nb {]hm-N-Is t\Xr-Xz-n
m]n-X-amb Ckvem-anI cmjv{Ss Xfm\pw XIm\pw
i{Xp- ]c-am-h[n {ianp. AsXmpw hnP-bn-n-sp am{X-a,
\h-PmX Ckvem-anI cmjv{Sw ASn-Sn in-{]m-]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
lnPv d Ggmw hjw apl- - Z v \ - _ nbpw A\p- N - c - mcpw am
XoYm-S-\-n-\mbn ]pd-sp. AXv bpw hne--s amk-n-embn-cp--Xn-\mepw eyw Xopw Bcm-[-\m-Ia--fpsS \nh-lW-am-bn-cp-Xn\mepw Fm-hcpw \ncm-bp-[-cm-bn-cpp. Fnpw abnse hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cmb Jpssd-in-I Ahsc XS-bm Xs Xocpam- \ np. AXn- \ mbn ssk\ys ko- I - c n- p- I bpw sNbv X p.
]t, apkvenw-I Hcp t]mcmw CjvS-s-n-cp-n. Ah-cpsS kam[m-\-hm-RvObpsS ê-ambn Ccp-hn-`m-K-n-\p-an-S-bn Hcp Icm cq]wsImp. lpssZ-_n-bm-kn F t]cn-emWv AX-dn-b-s-Sp-Xv.
Cu kn krjvSn kam-[m-\m--cow Ckvem-ans hym]-\-n\p
hgn-sbm-cpn. a-bnse i{Xp--fnt]mepw ]epw am\-km-c-ap-mbn. Ah kmKw kzoI-cnv Ckvem-ans A\p-bm-bn-Ifm-bn-amdn. As\ Jpssd-in-I-fpsS ssk\nI t\Xm-hm-bn-cp JmenZp_v\p heoZv Ds-sS-bp--h Ckvem-ans kwc--I-cm-bnop.
A_q-P-lvens aI CIvcn-a-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n-ep HcpIqw
Jpssd-in-I lpssZ-_nbm kn-hy-h--I ewLnp. AtXmsSmw a-bnse {]ap-J-cmb ]ecpw Ckvem-am-t-jnp. CXv am
hntam-N-\-n\v hgn-sbm-cpn. c-sm-cn-n-sem-p-an-m-sX-bmWv a
Ip^vdn \nv Ckvem-an-tev tamNn-X-am-bXv.
C_vdmlow {]hm-N-I\pw aI Ckvam-Cu\-_nbpw tNpm-nb hnip IA-v_-bm-Wtm asb {it-b-am-n-bXv. GIssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bvm-bmWv Ah-cXv ]Wn-XXv. F, GI-ssZ-hm-cm[-\-bvmbn `qan-bn BZy-ambn \nan--s `h-\-am-WXv. ""\nwibw, a\p- j ymbn \nan- - s {]Ya tZhm- e bw a- b n
nXnsNp--Xp-X-s-bmWv. AXv A\p-Kr-lo-Xhpw temIm-
62
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
I-am\w amK-Zi\ tI{-ambn \nan--s--Xp-as{X.'' (Jp-B

3:96)
hnip IA-v_-bn BZy-ambn hn{Klw {]Xn-jvTn-Xv JpkmA- tKm-{X--e-h-\mb Awdp_v\p epA-mWv. apB_v {]tZ-i-p\nv sImp-h lp_v hn{K-l-s-bmWv Abm {]Xn-jvTnXv. Ckm-^n-sbpw \mC-e-bp-sSbpw hn{K-l-fpw IA-v_-bn
m]n- - s - n- c pp. C- s \- b mWv GI- s sZ- h m- c m- [ - \ - b v mbn
m]n--s IAv_ hn{K-lm-e-b-ambn amdn-bXv. \_n-bpsS \ntbmK-L--n AhnsS apq-dn-tesd hn{K-l--fp-m-bn-cpp. Fm,
am-hn-tam-N-\-tmsS AhnsS Ahsb Bcm-[n-p-Itbm BZ-cnp-Itbm sNp Bcp-an-m-Xmbn. {]hm-N-I-s\-Xnsc AWn-\n-cv
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bvpw CXc A\m-Nm-c-p-ambn \ne-sIm-n-cp
t\Xm-t]mepw {]hm-N-Is ASp A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn amdn.
As\ hn{K- l - sf Bcm- [ n- p Bcpw Ahn- s S- b n- m
Ah kwPm-X-am-b-tm \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n hn{K-l- FSp-pamn IA-v_v AXns hnipn ]p\x-m-]n-m B{K-lnp.
A-s\-bmWv IAv_ hn{K-l--fn \nv apn-t\-Sn-bXv. hn{Klm-cm-[-\-bvmbn hotdmsS hmZn-p-Ibpw {]hm-N-I-s\-Xnsc t]mf-n ]S-tbm--n\v t\XrXzw \Ip-Ibpw sNbvX A_q-kp^vbm-\mWv Xs aXw-am--n-\p-tijw a\m F hn{K-ls
DSv IA-v_-bn \nv \ow-sN-bvXXv. \_n Xncp-ta-\n-s-Xnsc
]e-X-hW ]S--f-n-en-d-nb Jmen-Zp_v\p heo-ZmWv Dm hn{Kls IA-v_-bn \nv ]pd-s-dn-Xv. As\ IA-v_-bnse
hn{K-l-sf Bcm-[n-n-cp--h Xs-bmWv BZi-am--s-pSv X Bcm-[n-n-cp hn{K-lsf \ow-sNbvXv IA-v_sb
]qhm-h--bn-em-n-bXv. hn{K-l- Dm-bn-cp--tm hnip
IA-v_-bpsS Xmtm kqn-n-cp Dkvam-\p_v\p Xzl XsbmWv Ah FSp-p-am-nb tijhpw AXns Xmtm kqn-pIm-c-\m-b-sX Imcyw Gsd {it-b-as{X. X-fpsS Bcm-[y-hkv X p- Dm- b n- c p- - t m IA- v _ - b psS kwc- - W - n\p
t\XrXzw \In-b-hXs Ah-sbms \in-n--s tijhpw
AtX kwc-Ww XpS-c-W-sa-n AXn-\n-S-bn \S a\w-am-hpw
BZi-hn-izmk hn-hhpw F{X ihpw AKm-[-hp-am-bn-cn-p-sav
Duln-m-hp--tX-bpq. BZi ]cn-h-\-n-eqsS am \nhmkn-I-fpsS a\-p-I-fn \nv hn{K-l--fp-am-bp _-ns Ahkm-\s Awihpw \in-nv Ahsb Bcm-[n-p Bcpw Ahti-jn-m Ah kwPm-X-ambn. hnip IA-v_-bn \npw
]cn-k-c-p-\npw hn{K-l--sfm-sbpw A{]-Xy--ambn. BZn-bn
GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bvp-thn am{Xw \nan--s hnip tKl-am-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
63
bn-cp IA-v_-bn ]nm-ev hn{K-l m]n-Xv Jpssdin-I Xs-bm-bn-cpp. am hnP-b-s-p-Sv AtX Jpssdin-I Xs Ah-sbmw FSpp amp-I-bm-bn-cpp. IA-v_-bn
\np hn{K-l-\n-jvIm-k-\-n-eqsS \S-Xv Hcp hn{K-lm-e-bs
hn{K-l-ap tZhm-e-b-amn amp-I-bm-bn-cp-n. adnv, GIssZh
hnizm-k-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp hn{Klhncp- -tZ-hm-e-bs ]nme-p-mb hn{K-lm-[n-\n-th-i-n \nv tamNn-nv AXns X\na
hos-Sp-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p-sh hkvXpX ASn-h-c-bnp a\-n-em-t- X mWv .
hnip a hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn \nv Fm-ehpw ]hn-{Xhpw
\n`-bhpw Bbn-cn--W-sav {]hm-N-I {]Jym-]np. JpkmA
tKm{Xw Hcp _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-Is\ h[n hnh-c-a-dn \_n-Xn-cpta\n AXn A\njvSw {]I-Sn-n-p-Ibpw P\-a-[y-n sNv
Cs\ {]kw-Kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp: ""P\-tf, BIm-i-`q-an-Isf
krjv S n \msXm- p- X s Amlp am- \ - K - c - n\v ]hn- { XX
I]n-n-pv. Ay-\mhsc B ]hn-{XX ]cn-c-n--s-SWw.
Am-lp-hnepw Ay-Zn-\-nepw hniz-kn-p Bcpw Ahn-sS shv
cw Nnp-Itbm Hcp acw-t]mepw apdn-p-Itbm AcpXv. F\np
apv Bpw AXn\v A\p-hmZw \I-s-n-n. F\n-p-tijw
Bpw \I-s-Sp--Xp-a.''
a hn{K-l--fn \npw hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cn \npw hntam-NnX-am-bn-cp-p-sh-nepw Atd-_y-bpsS CXc `mK--fn _lp-ssZhm-cm-[-I-cp-m-bn-cpp. Cu L-n-emWv lnPvd HXmw hjw
A_q-_Iv kno-Jns t\Xr-Xz-n lvIaw \S-Xv. AXn\m hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cmb _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Ifpw Xopw hncp-amb hnizm-khpw Bcm-[-\m-co-Xn-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn apkvenw-Ifpw
ln-\mbn a-bn Hp-IqSn. GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bvmbn m]nX-amb Bcm-[-\m-ebw CS-m-ev hp-tN hn{K-l--fn \nv
tamNn-Xhpw hnip--hp-ambn AXns X\na hos-Sp tijhpw
Ahn-sSshv _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\ \S-p-Xv GXY-nepw A\pNn-Xhpw A\m-im-ky-hp-as{X. Cu ]m--e-n-emWv 28-mw hmIy-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
64
apssS HXmw A[ym-b-nse BZy-`mKw Ah-XoW-am-bXv.

Ah Dsm- p \nbaw {]kv X pX hjs lv thfbnXs hnfw-_cw sN-s-Sp-I-bp-ap-mbn.
hnip-- I-A-v_-bpsS `cWw ssIbm-fn-bn-cp--h-scms hnizmkn-I-fm-hp-Ibpw AXns `cWw apkvenw-I-fpsS ssII-fn-en-Xam-hp-Ibpw sNbvX ]m--e-n GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bvmbn
am{Xw \nan--s B `h-\-n _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\ AwKo-I-cn-W-sav ]d-bp--Xn-eY-an. AtXm-sSmw B `h-\-ns X\nabpw ]hn-{X-Xbpw Fm-ehpw ]cn-c-n--s-Sm-\mbn Xopw hncp-amb hnizm-k-ho--W- shp-]p-ep--h AhnsS XoYmS\w sNp-Xv hne-t-Xpw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cpp. AXns \nhl-W-as{X {]kvXpX Jp-B hmIy-ns \ntbmKw.
_lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I Ahn-ip--cm-sW--Xns Dtiyw AhcpsS icocw aen-\-am-sWtm Ah kzbw Ahn-ip--cm-sWtm
A. adnv IA-v_-bpsS hnip-n-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNp-tm
Ah-cpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-fpw Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm-\-fpw Ah-bn-e[n-jvTn-X-amb Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw Ahn-ip--am-sW-mWv. GI-ssZh
hnizm-khpw GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bp-amWv icnbpw hnip--hp-sav AwKoI-cn-p Ghcpw AXn\p hncp--amb _lp-ssZh hnizm-khpw Bcm[-\bpw sXpw Ahn-ip--hp-am-sWv {]Jym-]n-m _m[y--cmWv.
As\ sNp-n-s-n AXn-\Yw Ahv X-fpsS hnizmk-n t_m[yhpw BmYX-bp-an-s-mWv.
A\y-ssZ-h-sf Bcm-[n-p--hsc `K-h-ZvKoX Aev]_pnIsf-mWv hnti-jn-n-p-Xv:
ImssakvssX kvssX lrX-m\mx
{]]-Zyt \ytZ-hXmx
Xw Xw \nbaammb
{]IrXym \nbXmx kzbm.
Ahp êw tXjmw
XZv`-h-Xy]ta[kmw
tZhm tZh-btPm bmn,
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
65
aZv`m bmn ama]n.

(A[ymbw 7 m\hnm-\-tbmKw. 20, 23)
(P\ kz{]IrXn[o\cmbn AXmXnIfpZnbm bYmY
m\aIpt]mIsImv AXmXp \nbasf ASnm\amn
`qXt{]XmZnIfmb CXc tZhamsc `Pnpp...tZhamsc
Bcm[nph tZhamsc Xs {]m]npp. Aev]_pnIfmb
Ahv AXn\npmIp êw \izcamIpp. Fm Fs
àmcmIs Fss {]m]npp.) ({ioaZv `KhZv K oX
(kmcmYw)]n.Fw. \mcmbW\mb, hnZymcw`w ]ntjgvkv).
Imd amIvkpw FwKkpw FXn-cm-fn-Isf sN-I-sfmWv
hnfn-p-Xv.
""B "A]-ISw ]nSn hKw,' kap-Zm-b-nse sN-I kap-Zmb-ns ASn--n \nv s]mn-h-cp-Xpw InSp Nobp--Xpamb B P\-k-aqlw, sXmgn-em-fn-hn--h-n-\n-Sbvv Ahn-S-hnsS
hnh {]m-\--fn-tev ASn-p-h-cm-\nSbp-v. Fm, ChcpsS Pohn- X - k m- l - N - c y- t\mp- t m ]nn- c n- - m- c psS
ssIbn\npw tImg-hmn Ah-cpsS IqS-X-{-p Np-Iambn {]hn- m- \ mWv Ch A[nIw ]p- I - s bv ImWm- h pXmWv.'' (Iayq-Wnv am\n-s^tm, {]`mXw {]nnwKv & ]njnwKv I\n, 1957 t]Pv 22)
hnip Jp-B, _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I akvPn-Zpl-dm-an {]thin-p-Xv hne-n-bXv AXns ]hn-{X-Xbpw kpc-n-X-Xzhpw kam[m\ kwc--Whpw ]cn-K-Wn-mWv. temI tI{w hnip IA-v_bnepw ]cn-k-cpw AXv {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNp--Xn\p hncp--amb
hnizm-khpw Bcm-[-\m-co-Xnbpw shp-]p-ep--h sskzc-hn-lmcw
\S-p-Xv AXns ]hn-{X-Xbvp tImw Xm\pw AXp-hgn kam[m-\-`w-Khpw Ac-n-X-Xzhpw kwPm-X-am-Im\pw Imc-W-am-bn-o-cpsa--Xn kwi-b-an. apkvenw-I-fp-ambn kntbm kJytam \nehn- e p Ahn- i zm- k n- I pw Aap- k v e nw- I sf {]Xn- \ n- [ o- I - c nv
apkvenw `c- W m- [ n- I m- c n- I sf kin- m- \ mbn hcp
_lpssZhhnizm-kn-Ipw {]th-i\w A\p-h-Zn-n-pv. CkvemanI cmjv{S-nse Aap-kvenw-I AhnsS {]th-in-p-Xv Nne
]WvUn-X-m hne-p-n. _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I A\n-kvem-anIm-Nm-c-fpw lpw Dwdbpw \nh-ln-m AhnsS hcp--Xn\p
am{Xta hne-pq Fm-Wv Camw A_q-l-\o-^-bpsS hoWw.
Fm, CXc ]n-I-fn _lpssZhm-cm-[-I {]th-in-p-Xns\ Ckvemw hne-p-n. {]hm-N-I _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Iv
aZo- \ - b nse ]n- b n {]th- i - \ - a - \ p- h Zn- n- c pp. \Pv d m- \ nse
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
66
ss{IkvX-hv Atlw ]n-bn {]th-i\w \In-b-tXm-sSmw

{]mY\ \S-m Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-I-bp-ap-mbn. Cpw tIc-fn-epssS ]e-bn-S--fnepw Aap-kvenw-I apkvenw ]n-I-fn
hcm-dpv.
]Xns\mv
BcmWv Im^n-dp-I?
""Im^n-dp-I \n-fpsS {]Xy i{Xp-Xs, Xo.'' (JpB 4:101)
C{-{] hniz-lnp ]cn-jv Jp-B-\n\nv \ow sNW-sa-m-h-iy-s 24 hmIy--fn-sem-m-WnXv. apkvenw-I-f-m--hsc
\nn-m\pw iIm-cn-m\pw i{Xp--fmbn IW-m-m\pw Jp-B
{]tbm-Kn-p ]Z-amWv "Im^n' Fv Ah {]N-cn-n-p-Ibpw
sNp-p.
Ckvem-ans kmt-XnI `mj-bn apkvenw-I-f-m--h-scmw
Im^n-dp-I-fm-sW-mWv ]e-cp-tSbpw [mcW. Fm, Cu [mcW
Xopw sXmWv. s]mXp kaq-ls kwt_m-[\ sNm\pw ]cnN-b-s-Sp-m\pw Jp-B kzoI-cn ]Zw "P\-', "a\p-jy'
Fsms AY-ap-ff "Amkv' F-XmWv.
"aqSn', "ad-p-shp' Fsms AY-ap "I^d' F ]Zn\n-mWv "Im^n' Fp-m-bXv. AXn-\m "ad-p-sh-bvp- h ' FmWv Im^n F ]Zns AYw. hnv
adpshbvph F \nebn IjIs\ Im^n Fv hntijn-nmw. hnip Jp-B Xs Ij-I-sc-p-dnv Im^n-dp-I
(Ip^v^m) Fv {]tbm-Kn-n-pv.
""Adn-bpI, sFln-I-Po-hnXw Ifnbpw hnt\m-Zhpw Ae-m-chpw
\n ]c-kv]cw s]cp-a-\-Sn-epw kzp--fnepw km-\--fnepw
Zpc-`n-am\w ImWn-epw am{X-as{X. Hcp ag t]mse. AXp aqe-apm-Ip sNSn-I Im^n-dp-Isf hnkva-bn-n-pp. ]noSv AXn\v
DWw _m[n-pp. Atm-gXv afn--Xmbn \n\p ImWmw.
]noSv AXv Xpcp-m-bn-o-cpp.'' (Jp-B 57:20)
ChnsS Im^n-dp-I-sf--Xns hnh Ij-I-cm-sW-Xv kpk-Xhpw kphn-Zn-X-hp-as{X. kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw hs-nb tijw
kXys t_m[-]qhw ad-p-sh-bvp--h\pw AXns\ Ahn-izkn-p--h\pw \ntj-[n-p--h-\p-amWv Im^n. "\n-sI--h' F
AY- nepw Jp- B Cu ]Zw {]tbm- K n- n- pv . ""AXn- \ m
\n Fs kvacn-p-I. FtmSv \n-bp--h-cm-bn-cn-p-I. \n-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
67
sI--h(-Im-^n-dp-I) Bhm-Xn-cn-p-I.''(2:152)
X\np e`n D]-Im-c-fpw HuZm-cy-fpw ad-p-sh--em-Wtm
\n-tI-Sv. AXn-\m "ad-p-sh-pI' FXn\n-p-X-s-bmWv \n-tISv F AYhpw knn--Xv. Fm, "kXys \ntj-[n-hcpw Ahn-iz-kn--hcpw' F AY-n-emWv Im^n-dp-I F
]Zw IqSp-Xepw {]tbm-Kn-n-p-Xv. Jp-B-\n "I^-d'bpw "Im^ndp'-ambn _-s ]Z- Aq-tdmfw e--fn hn-pv.
Ah-bn-sem-cn-S-p-t]mepw Aapkvenw F AY-n AXv {]tbmKn-n-n.
a\p-jy-s\bpw Ah Pohn-p {]]--sbpw krjvSnv kwcn-p ssZh-sbpw Ah \Inb kt-i-sbpw \ntj-[np--h-\mWv Im^n. Ah ]c-a-amb kXys \ntj-[n-p--h\s{X. a\p-jy\v Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw PohnX hn`-h-fpw \Inb
{kjvSm-hn hniz-knv Ahs HuZm-cy-v \n ImWn-m-h-s\ \ne-bnepw Ah Im^n-ds{X. kXyw hs-n-bnpw AXwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw sNmsX ad-p-sh-p--h-s\
\ne-bnepw A-c-m Im^n-dp-I-fmWv. kXyw hs-p-Ibpw a\n-em-p-Ibpw sNm--h AXns\ ad-p-sh-p {]iv\w DZv`hn-p-n--tm.
Im^n F ]Zw kwt_m-[-\-bvp t]sc \ne-bn-e JpB {]tbm-Kn-Xv. adnv, Hc-h-sb hni-Zo-I-cn-m\pw AXns
]cn-WXn Adn-bn-m-\p-amWv. AXn-\m, Jp-B BcmWv Im^n
Fv hni-Zo-I-cn-pp.
""Am-lp-hnepw Ahs ZqX-m-cnepw Ahn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw hnizmk-Im-cy-n Am-lp-hn\pw Ahs ZqX-mp-an-S-bn hnth-N\w
I]n- m- \ m- { K- l n- p- I bpw "R Nnesc hniz- k n- p- I bpw
Nnesc Ahn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw sNpp'shv ]d-bp-Ibpw As\
kXy-hn-izm-k-n\pw \ntj-[-n-\p-an-S-bn asmcp amK-a-h-ew-_nm- \ p- t - i n- p- I bpw sNp- - h tcm, Ah Xs- b mWv bYmY
Im^n-dp-I. kXy \ntj-[n-Iv \ny-amb in \mw Hcp-n-shn-pv.'' (4: 150, 151)
Jp-B-\n Hcn-S-p-am-{Xta `qan-bnse Im^n-dp-Isf kwt_m[\ sNp-pq; kqd AIm-^n-dq-\n. Xopw {]tXy-I-amb
]m--e-n {]hm-N-I-t\m-Sp \ntZ-i-ns `mK-am-WXv.
Ckv e m- a nI {]t_m- [ - \ - n- s \- X nsc a- b nse Jpssd- i n- qw
FXnns sImSp-m--gn-p-hnp. aZ-\-ns kZn {]hmN-I\pw A\p-N-c-mcpw X-fpsS \ntZ-i-p hg-p-sa-m-bncpp Ah-cpsS {]Xo. As\ Ah ]e-hn[ \ntZ-i-fpw
\_n(k) bpsS apn kanp. Ah-bn-semv CXm-bn-cpp: ""a-
68
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
bnse Ghpw henb k--\m-Im am{X-ap kzv R

\np Xcmw. \nv Cjv S - a p GXp bph- X n- s bbpw
IeymWw Ign-p-Xcmw. R \nsf ]np-S-cm\pw k--amWv.
\n R-fpsS Hcp D]m[n am{Xw kzoI-cn-m aXn, R-fpsS
ssZh- sf hnain- - c pXv . Xmv CXp kzoIm- c y- a - s - n
Rpw Xmpw KpW-I-c-amb asmcp \ntZiw D-bnmw.''
{]hm-N-I (k) tNmZnp: ""AsX-mWv?'' Ah ]dp: ""Hcp
sImw \n R-fp-sS -ssZ-h--fmb em-sbbpw D-sbbpw
Bcm- [ n- pI. Hcp sImw R Xm- f psS ssZhs Bcm[nmw.'' (C_v\p-P-co, C_v\p A_o-lmXnw, Xz_vdm\n)
CXn-\p ssZhnI {]Xn-I-c-W-am-bmWv {]kvXpX A[ymbw AhXoW-am-bXv. AXn-\m-enXv s]mXp-hmb kwt_m-[-\tbm {]t_m[n-X-tcm-Sp kwt_m-[-\tbm A, Xopw \ncY-I-amb kn\ntZ- i - - t fm- S p \ncm- k - ] - c - a mb hnS- ] - d - b - e ns thf- b nse
kwt_m-[-\-bs{X.
kXy-{]-t_m-[\w \S-t Bh-iy-an-m hn[w kXy-\n-tj[-n aqSp-d-p-t]m-b-h am{Xta "Im^n-dp-Itf' F kwt_m-[\bv v Al- a m- I p- pq Fv hnip Jp- B ]cn- t im[nptm Bpw t_m[ysSpw. hnip Jp-B-\nse Im^ndp-Isf kw_-n ]cm-ai--sfmw Ah Bscv hni-Zo-I-cnm\pw Ah- c psS kao- ] \w hy- a m- m\pw Ah- t cmSv kzoI- c nt \bw ]Tn-n-m\pw Cu temIpw ]c-tem-I-p-ap AhcpsS Ah hc-p-Im-Wn-m-\p-amWv.
AXp-sIm-p-Xs Cy-bnse lnp-sf apkvenw-I Im^ndp-I-sfv hnfn-m-dn-. ]v \qm-p-apv Cy kinv ]{p
hjw ChnsS Xma-knv Cy-sbbpw Cy-m-scbpw lnp-sfbpw lnp Zi-\-sbpw kw_-nv "InXm-_p lnv' F
{it-b-amb {Kw cNn A_q-d-m A _ndq\n Am-e-pt]mepw Chn-Ss Aap-kvenw-Isf "Im^n-dp-I' Fv hnfn-n-n-.
lnp-(-Alp-\qZv) FmWv hnti-jn-n-p-Ibpw hnfn-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-Xv.
hnai\ hnt[-b-amb \memw A[ym-b-nse 101-mw hmIyw ]cmain-p "Im^n-dp-I' tIhew Aap-kvenw-Itfm kXys \ntj[n--htcm A. adnv, kXy-\n-tj[w m]n-m-\mbn kXy-hn-izmkn-I-tfmSv bpw sNm Cd-n-n-cn--h-cmWv. Ah kXyhnizmkn-I-fpsS {]Xy i{Xp--fm-sW-Xv A\n-tj-[yhpw kphn-Zn-Xhp- a m- W tm. {]kv X pX hmIy- ns ]qW cq]w ]mcm- b Ww
sNp Bp-anXv t_m[y-amIpw. AXv Cn-[-as{X: ""\n `qan-
Jp-Bs bp-k-ao-]\w
69
bn bm{X sNp-tm \a-kvImcw Npcp-p--Xn\p hntcm-[-an.

Im^n-dp-I \nsf t{Zmln-p-sav `b-s-Sp-tm hnti-jnpw.
ImcWw, Im^n- d p- I \n- t fm- S p Xpd i{Xp- X - b nXs,
Xo.'' (4:101)
{]hm-N-It\mSpw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSpw {]Xn-tbm-Kn-I kzoI-cn
kao-]\w hy-am-pI am{X-amWv Jp-B ChnsS sNp-Xv.
CXv F-s\-bmWv Bt-]-I-chpw hnai-\-hn-t[-b-hp-am-Ip--sXv
F{X- B-tem-Nn-npw a\-n-em-hp-n. JpB kq-ns Hcp
`mKw FhnsS, Fn\v D]-tbm-Knp Fp-t]mepw ]cn-tim-[n-msX
D-cnv sXp-[m-cW krjvSn-p--Xns anI DZm-l-c-W--fn
Hs{X CXv.

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Qurante Yuda Sameepanam

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Jp-Bs

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Ckvem-anIv ]n-jnwKv lukv

shfnw sXfn-bn-p hnf-p-I DuXn-s-Sp-m\pw

p-h-Xv Cy-bn-emWv. Cubm-h-iymYw sIm

ssiJv apl- Zv ImcIpv

tcm[w aqp -hjw XpSp.

a-tbmSp hnS-]-d-Xv. Fm hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Cu Xntcm-[m\w

Hmw hjw Zpl-n-emWv CXp-m-bXv. CXp kw_--amb

bp-Im-cy-n CXn-t\-m DZm-chpw \oXn-]qhhpw am\p-jnIhpw hnp-ho-gvNm-]-c-hp-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn asm-cm-Zitam

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hcp-n-b-Xp-t]m-ep ka-{Khpw hym]-I-hp-amb hnhw krjvSn-m

- f m- W nh. AXp- s ImpXs Ahpam{Xw _m[IhpamWv .

am-b-Xn-\m Cu hn[-amWv sNt-Xv.'' (9:6)

BZitam kaq-ltam P\-Xtbm `c-W-Iq-Stam temIv thsd FhnsSbpw Hcn-epw Dm-bn-n.

Jp-Bs bpm-lzm-\hpw aX-kzm-X-{yhpw

bn A\n-hm-cy-am-tb-S-tmfw Bbp-[-sa-Sp-m\pw Ckvemw A\phmZw \Ipp.

As\ \n_-n-p--Xn\v Ckvemw FXn-cmWv. {]hm-N-Is

Ime-p-t]mepw _\m-d-knepw ap Nne tZi--fnepw Xma-kn-p

Jp-B Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. AXn-\m ""^nXv\ Ah-km-\n-p-Ibpw

I hcp-n-sh hn`m-K-am-bn-cpp Ah. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cns

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-h-N\w. CXv Ccp-hn-`m-K--sfbpw amdn-amdn kao-]nv X-fpsS

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Gjym-nIv skmsskn tPW {]kn-o-I-cn Hudw-K-ko-_ns

ssIbn Inp- - h - s c- s bms sImsm- S p- p kao- ] - \ - a mWv

A_vZp-m-ln_v\p Da-dn-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s-p-sh-nepw Atlw AXn\p

a-mv bam-a-bn\nv a-bn-te-p Nc-p-h-chv \nem-m-Xn-cn-m \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-tbmSv At]-n-tn hp.

10. bp--S-hp-Imsc ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dnb \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-n Xs ImWmw.

bpw Jp-B-\nepw EtKz-Z-nepw

aXn \Ip-I-bmWv Jp-B sNp-Xv. ""bp-n-\n-c-bm-Ip--hv

X-s-Xn-sc-bm-h-cpXv. \n sNp--sXms Amlp I-dn-bppv.'' (Jp-B 8:72)

C{ ]pc--c-\mWv. Zkyp--fpsS ]pc-, ]-W- s]mfn-m

al-mb IrXytam Zkyp--sfbpw Ah-cpsS ]pc--sfbpw \inn-epw!

p-Xv. _e-ta-dn-b-h _ew Npcp-n-b-hscsmp- s]m-dp-pp.

sfv AhImisSph A\n- h mcy kml- N - c y- n am{Xw

Ah- t cmSv B- _ w ]pep- p- s h- n Ah Xs- b mWv

Csm--n-\p-tijw Ah akvPn-Zpl-dm-ans ASp-v h-cm

I-am\w amK-Zi\ tI{-ambn \nan--s--Xp-as{X.'' (Jp-B

apssS HXmw A[ym-b-nse BZy-`mKw Ah-XoW-am-bXv.

aZv`m bmn ama]n.

ss{IkvX-hv Atlw ]n-bn {]th-i\w \In-b-tXm-sSmw

bnse Ghpw henb k--\m-Im am{X-ap kzv R

bn bm{X sNp-tm \a-kvImcw Npcp-p--Xn\p hntcm-[-an.

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