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äboemV Amho. `m nßMäboemMß ÒdÍ$n AmYr g_OmdyZ KoD$.
Xoh, Bß{–`o, _Z, ~w’r `m OS> dÒVy ÂhUOoM _r Amho Agß
_mZyZ À`mß¿`m{df`r bmo^ ~miJUß, AmÀ_r`Vm ~miJUß hr
A{d⁄m Amho. eara ZmedßV AgVß, nU VoM emÌdV _mZyZ À`mMo
MmoMbo nwa{d `m¿`m ZmXmV AmnU Xw:ImMo üYZr ~ZVmo.
dmÒV{dH$ nmhVm Xoh hm ‡{VÍ$nr n[adV©Zerb Amho. Am`wÓ`>
IwßQ>bß H$s, Xohmbm Omibß OmVß {H$dm nwabß OmVß. WmoS>ä`mV Xoh
ZmedßV Amho. _J ¯m Xohmbm ZQ>d `mV, À`m¿`m Bß{–`mß¿`m
ÒdmX- {df`mXrMo MmoMbo nwa{d `mV AmnU OrdZmMß gd©Òd
_mZUo, hr A{d⁄mM hmo`. Xoh ZmedßV AgyZ AmÀ_m M°V›`Í$n
Amho, ho OmUUß _hŒdmMß Amho. AmÀ_m AmZßXÒdÍ$n AgVmo.
À`mbm Xw:I _mhrV ZgVß. AmÀ_m _m¬`mV Amho Vgm BVamß_‹`ohr
AgVmo, hr AmÀ_monÂ` ~w’r ‡mflV Pmbr ÂhUOo Amnna^md
^mΩ`mMr Xmao gd©Ã AmhoV. ‡`ÀZmZo ‡JVr H$aUmË`m ‡À`oH$m¿`m
_mJm™V Vr bmJVmV.
am_Mß– Jwhm hm _moR>m {d¤mZ _mUyg.
gd©gm_m›` _mUgmß¿`m ZOaoVyZ B{Vhmg
{b{hUmam _moR>m B{VhmgH$ma. OJ^amVÎ`m
_moR>_moRÁm {d⁄mnrR>mßVyZ {eH$dUmam. AmYw{ZH$
^maVm¿`m B{Vhmgmda À`mßMm hmVIßS>m.
{H´$Ho$Q>nmgyZ amOH$maUmnmgyZ gJ˘`m
B{Vhmgmda À`mßZr {b{hbß`. A_o[aHo$Vbß
‡{g’ _m{gH$ '\$m∞aoZ nm∞{bgr'Zo OJmVbo
nfimg lo {d¤mZ {ZdS>bo hmoVo, À`mß¿`mVbo
EH$. gaH$maZo nŸ^yfU {Xbß` À`mßZm.
AmdO©yZ Z_yX H$aVmV. ~m~mgmho~ ho A{hßgmdmXr {ZXe©Zß
H$aUmaohr ZÏhVo Va ‡gma_m‹`_ß, H$m`Xo Am{U {d{Y_ßS>imß¿`m
_mJm©Zo ÂhUUß _mßS>V bT>Umao bmoH$emhrdmXr hmoVo, Agß dU©Z Vo
H$aVmV.
~m~mgmho~mßZr AmnÎ`m ^mfUmV Ï`{∫$nyOobm XUH$yZ {damoY
Ho$bm Amho. ZoVm {H$Vrhr _moR>m Agbm Am{U Y_m©¿`m AmMaUmV
^∫$r_wio AmÀÂ`mbm _w∫$r Oar {_iV Agbr, Var ZoÀ`mMr nyOm
H$aUß ho Xoembm {Ii{Iiß H$aUmaß AgÎ`mMß À`mßZr ÂhQ>bß Amho.
JmßYrOtMß hm°VmÀÂ` VmOß AgVmZm {XboÎ`m `m ^mfUmV hm gßX^©
AgUß Òdm^m{dH$ Amho. nU AmO¿`m JmßYt¿`m ~m~VrV Vo
{VVH$ßM Iaß Amho. gmo{Z`m JmßYtMr Zdr {XÑr Agmo _m`mdVtMß
bIZD {H$ßdm H$ÈUmH$aUmßMß MofiB© ‡À`oH$ {R>H$mUr AmO
KamUoemhrMr bmoH$emhr {XgVo, Agß Jwhm ÂhUVmV. `m
bmoH$emhrcm Xa~mar bmoH$emhr hm A{YH$ `moΩ` e„X Vo
gwMdVmV.
ZoÀ`mß¿`m ^∫$r¿`m AmYmamda C‰`m AgboÎ`m njmß_wio
gaH$mar `ßÃUoMß IÉrH$aU hmoVß. _ßÃr, am¡`nmb Am{U g{Md ho
Ho$di {Zm ~KyZ Zo_bo OmVmV, À`mßMr j_Vm ~KyZ Zmhr. dada
{dMmaYmam doJ˘`m dmQ>V AgÎ`m Var gJ˘`m njmß_‹`o VoM KS>Vo
Amho. EZS>rE¿`m H$mimV amÔ¥>r` Òd`ßgodH$ gßKmer OdirH$
AgboÎ`mßZm nXß {_iV hmoVr. Va n{¸_ ~ßJmbmV gaH$mar g{Md
Am{U H$wbJwÍ$ßZmhr _mäg©dmXr H$Â`w{ZÒQ> njm¿`m A{b_w‘rZ
ÒQ¥>rQ>da¿`m _wª`mb`mV _ÀWm Qo>H$mdm bmJVmo. `m_wio _moS>H$irbm
OÂ_y-H$mÌ_ra_‹`o nw›hm Omoa Òdm`ŒmVoMm
Am{U hr _mJUr H$a `m_‹`o Amo_a A„XwÑm `mßMm Z∞eZb
H$m∞›\$a›g hm njM AmKmS>rda Amho, ho {deof. ›`m. Eg. gmJra
`mß¿`m ZoV•ÀdmImbrb H$m`©H$mar JQ>mZo {XboÎ`m AhdmbmV OÂ_y-
H$mÌ_rabm Òdm`ŒmVm Xo `mMr gyMZm H$a `mV Ambr AgyZ hr
{e\$mag VmVS>rZo bmJy H$a `mMr _mJUr Z∞eZb H$m∞›\$a›gZo
bmdyZ Yabr Amho.
nrnÎg S>o_moH´∞${Q>H$ nmQ>u Am{U Z∞eZb H$m∞›\$a›g ho OÂ_y-
H$mÌ_ra_Yrb XmoZ _hŒdmMo nj. EH$sH$S>o OÂ_y-H$mÌ_rabm
Òdm`ŒmVm Xo `mMr _mJUr Z∞eZb H$m∞›\$a›gZo bmdyZ Yabr
AgVmZm Òdm`ŒmVm nwaoer ZgyZ `m am¡`mbm Òd`ß{ZU©`mMm h∏$
{_imdm, Aer _mJUr Ho$br Amho. À`m_wioM AmVm OÂ_y-
H$mÌ_rabm Òdm`ŒmVm Xo `mMm _w‘m nw›hm EH$Xm MM}V Ambm Amho.
OÂ_y-H$mÌ_ra¿`m _w⁄m~m~V MMm© H$a `mgmR>r nßV‡YmZ S>m∞.
_Z_mohZ qgJ `mßZr ÒWmnZ Ho$boÎ`m JQ>mßn°H$s ›`m. gmJra `mß¿`m
JQ>mZo {S>g|~a 2009 _‹`o _wª`_ßÃr Amo_a A„XwÑm `mßZm Amnbm
Ahdmb gmXa Ho$bm. `m AhdmbmV OÂ_y-H$mÌ_rabm Òdm`ŒmVm
Xo `mMr gyMZm Amho. hm Ahdmb _m›` H$a `mV `mdm, Aer
_mJUr gŒmmÈT> Z∞eZb H$m∞›\$a›gZo Ho$br Amho. nßV‡YmZmßZrM
ÒWmnZ Ho$boÎ`m JQ>mZo hr {e\$mag Ho$Î`mZo AmVm H|$– gaH$ma H$m`
{ZU©` KoVo ho nmhUo _hŒdmMo R>aob.
dmÒV{dH$, OÂ_y-H$mÌ_rabm Òdm`ŒmVm XoUo ÂhUOo 1953
nyduMr pÒWVr nw›hm AmUUo hmo`. Xoemcm ÒdmVßÕ` {_imÎ`mZßVa
XmoZ-VrZ _{h›`mßZr `m g_Ò`oZo S>moHo$ da H$mT>co. À`mdoi¿`m
^maVmV gw_mao 450 N>moQ>o_moR>o gßÒWm{ZH$ hmoVo. ~h˛VoH$ gd© gßÒWmZo$
{dcrZrH$aUmV gm_rc Pmcr; _mà h°Xam~mX, OwZmJS> Am{U OÂ_y
H$mÌ_raMo amOo h[aqgJ `mßZr `m ‡{H´$`oV gm_rc hmo `mg ZH$ma
Xe©dcm. `mn°H$s h°Xam~mX Am{U OwZmJS>Mr gßÒWmZo H$mhr
H$mimVM {dcrZ Pmcr; _mà h[aqgJ nm{H$ÒVmZmVhr Om`cm
V`ma ZÏhVo Am{U ^maVmV {dcrZ hmo `mghr À`mßMr V`mar ZÏhVr.
À`mßZr ^maVmer "O°go Wo' H$ama Ho$cm. nwT>o 1947 _‹`o nm{H$ÒVmZr
Xw:ImMo _yi
ahmV ZmhrV. "_r-Vy' nUmMm Zme hmoVmo. _X-_moh-_Àga Xya
hmoVmV. AmÀÂ`mMß kmZ Pmbß H$s, ^´_ Xya hmoVmV Am{U n`m©`mZß
gd© Xw:I ZÓQ> hmoVmV.
"ApÒ_Vm' hr A{d⁄oMß Xwgaß Í$n Amho. AmnÎ`mbm
ÒdV:{df`r d•Wm A{^_mZ dmQ>Uß, EIm⁄m JwUmMm Jd© dmQ>Uß,
hr ApÒ_Vm EH$m AWm©Zo AhßH$mamMßM Xwgaß Zmd Amho. AhßH$ma
ho Xw:ImMß \$ma _moR>ß H$maU Amho. AhßH$mam_wio _ZwÓ` OmÒV
gßdoXZerb ~ZVmo. EImXr JmoÓQ> AmnÎ`m B¿N>o{dÍ$’ Pmbr H$s,
Vmo {MS>Vmo, amJmdVmo. ÒdV:hr äboe H$adyZ KoVmo Am{U
BVamßZmhr äboe XoVmo-AhßH$ma_wäV _mUygM IË`mAWm©Zo
Xw:I_wäV AgVmo. ¡`mbm bmoH$mßZr Amnbr AmR>dU H$mT>Uß,
Amnbm ~h˛_mZ H$aUß gmogdV Zmhr, AmnÎ`mbm Z_ÒH$ma H$aUß
ho ¡`mbm _aUmgmaIß dmQ>Vß, À`m¿`m dmQ>Ámbm Xw:I `o `mMß
ZmdM ZH$mo.
XwgË`mß¿`m XmofmßH$S>o Xwb©j H$Í$Z À`mß¿`m JwUmßMr _wäVHß$R>mZo
‡eßgm H$a `mMr H$bm ¡`mbm ‡mflV hmoB©b, À`m¿`m dmQ>Ámbm
Xw:I `oUma Zmhr. naßVw gm_m›`V: _ZwÓ`Òd^md ÒdV:Mr ~T>mB©
_maUmam AgVmo, BVamßZm hbHo$ boIUmam AgVmo. À`m_wio
À`m¿`m dmQ>Ámbm Xw:I `oVß.
"AmgäVr' ho _mUgm¿`m Xw:ImMß EH$ _hmZ H$maU Amho.
Hw$Umbm –Ï`mMr AmgäVr AgVo, Hw$Umbm g›_mZmMr AmgäVr
AgVo. –Ï`mMr AmgäVr AgUmam _mUyg n°go AgyZhr gwImMo
AmboÎ`m gaH$mar `ßÃUoMo ^moJ Jar~mßZmM ^moJmdo bmJVmV. H$maU
lr_ßVmßgmR>r S>yZ ÒH$yb Am{U Anmobmo hm∞{ÒnQ>b AgVmV. J[a~mßZm
gaH$mar "BÒH$yb' Am{U "AÒnVmb'MmM ghmam AgVmo.
À`mß¿`mda ~OoQ>_‹`o XmIdbobm IM© π${MVM hmoVmo. Aem
Ï`dÒWoV Vmo n°gm amOH$ma `mß¿`m Am{U H$ßÃmQ>Xmamß¿`mM hmVr
OmVmo. JwhmßZr KamUoemhrMm J[a~mßer bmdbobm gß~ßY AmnÎ`mbm
{dMma H$am`bm bmdVmo.
`mM _w⁄mbm YÍ$Z Vo ~m~mgmho~mßZm Ano{jV AgboÎ`m
gm_m{OH$ bmoH$emhrda {ddoMZ H$aVmV. ÒdmVßÕ`, g_Vm Am{U
~ßYwVm hr VŒdß hmVmV hmV KmbyZ OJ `mMr arV ~ZVmV Vr
gm_m{OH$ bmoH$emhr hr ~m~gmho~mßMr Ï`mª`m. Vr gm_m{OH$
bmoH$emhr H$er dmÒVdmV AmUVm `oB©b, `mgmR>r JwhmßZr H$mhr
_mJ© gwMdbo AmhoV. Vo H$mhr \$ma Zdo ZmhrV Am{U H$moUr Vo
A_bmV AmU `mgmR>r nwTo> `oVrb Agßhr Zmhr. V¡kmßZm gaH$mar
ZmoH$arV gm_mdyZ KoUß, {ejUgßÒWm Am{U gßemoYZ gßÒWmßdaMß
na{_Q>amO Xya H$aUß, ›`m`Ï`dÒWm A{YH$ H$m`©j_ H$aUß Ago ho
Cnm`. {edm` amOH$s` njmß_Ybr KamUoemhr Xya H$am`Mr
gyMZmhr Vo H$aVmV. À`m{df`rMr À`mßMr _mßS>Ur N>mZ Amho.
H$m±J´ogZo ^maVmV amÔ¥>r` nj ~Zd `mV Mma {nTÁmßMr À`mJ Am{U
_ohZV hmoVr. À`mVbr n{hbr {nT>r {Q>iH$, JmoIbo, bOnVam`,
{~{nZMß– nmb `mßMr. Xwgar {nT>r JmßYrOr, {MŒmaßOZ Xmg, Jmo{dßX
dÑ^ nßV, _m°bmZm AmPmX `mßMr. {Vgar gw^mfMß– ~mog, Q>r
‡H$me_, Odmhabmb ZohÍ$ `mßMr. Mm°Wr Ho$. H$m_amO, `edßVamd
MÏhmU, {ZO{bßJflnm, gwMoVm H•$nbmZr `mßMr. `mn°H$s AdKm EH$
AndmX dJiVm H$wUrM ZoÀ`mMm _wbJm ZÏhVm.
AmUIr EH$m {R>H$mUr Vo doJim CÑoI H$aVmV. ~m~mgmho~
ZohÍ$ß¿`m n{hÎ`m _ß{Ã_ßS>imV H$m`Xo_ßÃr ÂhUyZ H$go Zo_bo Jobo ho
AOyZhr JyT> Amho, Agß "Bß{S>`m Am‚Q>a JmßYr' `m _hmJ´ßWmMm hm
boIH$ gmßJVmo. ÒdmVßÕ` ho amÔ¥>mbm {_imbo` H$m±J´og njmbm Zmhr.
À`m_wio gJ˘`m {dMmaYmamßMo bmoH$ _ß{Ã_ßS>imV hdoV, `m
JmßYrOt¿`m AmJ´hm_wio Amß~oS>H$a _ßÃr ~Zbo Agß _mZbß OmVß,
Agß Vo gmßJVmV. AmO hm CXmanUm H$wRo> Amho?
_hmgŒmoMr ÒdflZ \$gdr AmhoV. AmO AmnU AamOH$m¿`m
Cß~aRÁmda C^o AmhmoV, `mMr OmUrd Jwhm H$Í$Z XoVmV.
{df_VoMr ‡MßS> Xar, a‘S> {ejU Ï`dÒWm, À`mnojm dmB©Q> AmamoΩ`
`ßÃUm, Jw›hoJmar ›`m` Ï`dÒWm, _‹` ^maVmV dmT>Umam ZjbdmX,
B©em›`oVbr AÒdÒWVm, eoVH$-`mß¿`m AmÀ_hÀ`m, ehamßVbr
dmT>Vr Jw›hoJmar, T>mgiVß n`m©daU, AÒdÒW eoOmar amÔ¥>, ho
AamOH$ Zmhr Va H$m`? AmnÎ`m XoemMr EdT>r dmB©Q> {ÒWVr \$∫$
ÒdmVßÕ`mZßVaM hmoVr. VoÏhm Amnbo gJio ÒdmW© ~mOybm Ro>dUmar
ZoÀ`mßMr {nT>r Am{U am¡`KQ>Zo¿`m AmYmao Amnbm Xoe VÍ$Z Jobm.
AmVm H$m` ? ImgJr joà Am{U ZmJar g_mO doJdoJ˘`m _mJm©Zo
OmoemV Am{U H•${Verb ~Zbm`. Aemdoiog gaH$mamßZr Amnbr
O~m~Xmar AmoiIyZ Amnbr ^y{_H$m nma nmS>m`br hdr`, Agß
Jwhm gmßJVmV. amOH$s` nj Am{U gaH$ma `m Anojm nyU© H$aVrb
H$m?
g°›`mMm hÑm gwÍ$ Pmcm À`mdoir _mà h[aqgJ `mßZr ^maVmH$S>o
_XVrMr `mMZm Ho$cr Am{U 26 Am∞äQ>mo~a 1947 amoOr À`mßZr
gm_rcZmÂ`mda Òdmjar Ho$cr. nß{S>V ZohÍß$Zr 31 {S>g|~a 1947
amoOr OÂ_y-H$mÌ_raMm _w‘m gß`wäV amÔ¥>gßKmg_moa _mßS>cm.
À`mdoionmgyZ H$mÌ_ra ImoË`mMm EH$ V•{V`mße ^mJ nm{H$ÒVmZ¿`m
Vm„`mV AgyZ À`mcmM nmH$Ï`m· H$mÌ_ra Ago ÂhQ>co OmVo.
VoÏhmnmgyZM AmOVmJm`V hm ‡ÌZ YJYJV Amho.
¡`m n[apÒWVrV OÂ_y-H$mÌ_ra ^maVmV {dcrZ Pmco À`m
nmÌd©^y_rda `m am¡`mgmR>r KQ>ZoV 370 Ï`m H$c_mMr
VaVyX H$a `mV Amcr. 1951 _‹`o gmd©{ÃH$ {ZdS>UwH$m hmoD$Z
eoI A„X˛Ñm OÂ_y H$mÌ_raMo _wª`_ßÃr Pmco; nU _wª`_ßÃr
PmÎ`mZßVa OÂ_y-H$mÌ_raMo doJionU {Q>H$mdo, Ago À`mßZm dmQy>
cmJco. À`mVyZM {XÑr H$ama 1952 H$a `mV Amcm. AmVm nw›hm
EH$Xm eoI A„X˛Ñm `mßMo ZmVy Amo_a A„X˛Ñm `mßMm Z∞eZc
H$m∞›\$a›g nj `m H$amamMm CÑoI H$aV Amho. AWm©VM,
Òdm`ŒmVoMr _mJUr aoQ> `mgmR>r `m H$amamMm XmIcm {Xcm OmV
Amho. 1953 _‹`o eoI A„X˛Ñm `mßMo gaH$ma ~aImÒV H$Í$Z ^maV
gaH$maZo À`m {R>H$mUr {ZdS>UyH$ Am`moJmMr gŒmm gwÍ$ Ho$cr. 356
H$c_ cmJy Pmco. À`mM‡_mUo ›`m`mc`mMo H$m_H$mOhr gwÍ$ Pmco.
`mZßVa AZoH$Xm doJdoJ˘`m ZoÀ`mßZr 1952¿`m H$amamnyduMr
pÒWVr AmUmdr, Aem ‡H$ma¿`m _mJ `m Ho$Î`m. Amo_a A„X˛Ñmhr
g‹`m VoM H$aV AmhoV. dmÒV{dH$, ^maVr` gßKam¡`mVrc ‡À`oH$
KQ>H$ am¡`mZo KQ>Zo¿`m Mm°H$Q>rV amhˇZM H$m_ H$aUo AmdÌ`H$
Amho. À`m_wio OÂ_y-H$mÌ_racm Òdm`ŒmVm XoD$Z Aem ‡H$maMo
doJionU XoVm `oUo eä` Zmhr Am{U H|$– gaH$maZo Vo XoVm H$m_mhr
Z`o. `mnyduhr Aem ‡H$ma¿`m AcJVmdmXr Midir nwT>o AmÎ`m
hmoÀ`m Am{U H|$– gaH$maZo À`mMm `eÒdrnUo gm_Zmhr Ho$cm.
À`m_wio g‹`m gwÍ$ Agcocr Òdm`ŒmVoMr _mJUr ZmH$mÍ$Z H|$–
gaH$ma `m cT>ÁmMm gm_Zm `eÒdrnUo H$aoc, Ago _mZm`cm
haH$V Zmhr.
XmoZ Kmg ImV Zmhr, CbQ> EImXm Jar~ _mUyg H$mßXm-
^mH$arVhr AmZßX _mZVmo Am{U g_mYmZr amhVmo. H$sVuMr hmd
AgUmam gVV Amnbß Zmd PiH$ `mgmR>r BVamßer ÒnYm© H$arV
amhVmo Am{U Oam Hw$R>o ÒnY}V _mJo nS>bm H$s, _Zmbm ImV
amhVmo. ÒÃr-nwÈfmßZm EH$_oH$mß{df`r dmQ>Umar AmgäVr hmhr
{dH$maM AgyZ À`m_wißhr Xw:ImMm S>m|Ja dmQ>Ámbm `oVmo. `m
AmgäVrnm`r {‡`H$amZo ‡o`grMm IyZ Ho$Î`mMr KQ>Zm AmnU
EoH$V AgVmo. AmgäVr_wio ‡o_ H$ißOyZ OmVß Am{U ‡o_mMß
qhgoV Í$nmßVa hmoVß. JmßOm, A\y$Mß Ï`gZ Agmo, {ZdS>UwH$m
qOH$ `mMß Ï`gZ Agmo H$s, bm∞Q>arMß {VH$sQ> KoD$Z lr_ßV
hmo `mMß ÒdflZ nmh `mMß Ï`gZ Agmo, ¯m gJiÁmßVyZ Xw:IM
dmQ>Ámbm `oVß. ¡`m¿`mOdi l_{ZÓR>m ZgVo, Aem H$moUmhr
EoXr, IwembM|Sy> _mUgmbm \$ma H$mi gwI bm^V ZgVß. Aer
_mUgß AÎnÒdÍ$n gwImgmR>r bmßS>r-b~mS>r H$Í$ bmJVmV. "Y'
Mm "_m' H$Í$Z amOgŒmm {_idy nmhVmV. Vo O_bß Zmhr Va
AmÀ_hÀ`mhr H$aVmV.
WmoS>ä`mV AmnU A{d⁄m, ApÒ_Vm, amJ, ¤of, A{^{Zdoe ho
nßM¤of Am{U H$m_, H´$moY, _X, _moh, _Àga ¯m fS≤>[anyß¿`m
VmdS>rV gmnS>bmo Zmhr, Va Xw:I AmnÎ`m dmQ>Ámbm `oUma Zmhr
\$imMr Anojm Z R>odVm H$V©Ï` H$arV amhUß, _•ÀÁyMß ^` Z
~miJVm OJUß gwßXa Ho$bß, amOg-Vm_g d•ŒmtMm À`mJ H$Í$Z
^oX~w’rZo dmJbmo Zmhr Va AmnÎ`mbm Xw:I hmoUma Zmhr. ~h˛VoH$
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