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Comby, Jean.How to Read Church History, Vol.l, From the
ArHE^tu# HZffi ; iEffiffi7 HE'MT..,! Hft Htf$ift!
frfiryrffA' Beginningsto the Fifteenth Century.London: SCM Press,
EffifrFgrfr nffiffiT Hgfi {Etrfr!+/rDl ( ffif;+)' EFI-{EXF'fD.{'E 1992.
Comby,Jeanand MacCullochDiarmaid.How to Read Church
g#t,Bf,H f!{Htf'ri;f ' fU{H& HfEft#Ig W71lfZrl. History, Vol.2, From the Reformation to the PresentDay.
Hff ' EH HI#E{EIFff+i6ffHED)lk , il'EEilrt/rift* New York: Crossroad.1995.

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Brauer,JeraldC. ed. The WestminsterDictionary of Church History.
f,fff,F€E Philadelphia:Westminster Press,197I.
Cross,F. L. ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church.
RevisedEdition.Oxford UniversityPress,1990.
1. {4;HHH Douglas,J. D. ed. The New International Dictionary of the Christinn
Church. RevisedEdition. GrandRapids:Zondervan,1978.
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2. {FJEHEFT# ?{fiff# ATfrgWEFT#{$ffi€'{EJilfH
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il'EEiTTtfrlIE Anderson,CharlesS.Augsburg Historical Atlas of Christianity in the
4. ;frffiil-+ff ftdf'EEiEtiEryrfr!-'r-bEF${+'&^Hff
Ffr!#rDI" Middle Ages and Reformation.Minneapolis:Augsburg
PublishingHouse,1967.
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