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Formulation and In-Vitro Characterization of Oseltamivir Fast Dissolving

Tablets Using Super Disintegrants

Article · October 2020

DOI: 10.36673/AJRCPS.2020.v08.i01.A07

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Atul Phatak Shrishail Ghurghure

P. E. S. Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune-411044 D.S.T.S. Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Jule Solapur Maharastra
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Formulation and In-Vitro Characterization of Oseltamivir Fast

Dissolving Tablets Using Super Disintegrants
R Y Patil1, Atul A Phatak2, Shrishail M Ghurghure1*, Sachin Yanjane1
Abstract: Š‡ƒ‹‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›™ƒ•–‘ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡ˆƒ•–†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”—•‹‰•—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–•™‹–Š–Š‡
Š‡Ž’‘ˆ•‘Ž‹††‹•’‡”•‹‘–‡ Š‹“—‡–‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡ƒ“—‡‘—••‘Ž—„‹Ž‹–›ǡ†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘”ƒ–‡ƒ†–‘ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ˆƒ•–‡”‘•‡–‘ˆƒ –‹‘Ǥ‘Ž‹†
†‹•’‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™ƒ•’”‡’ƒ”‡† ™‹–Š  ͵Ͳ ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– †”—‰ǣ ƒ””‹‡” ”ƒ–‹‘—•‹‰ •‘Ž˜‡– ‡˜ƒ’‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‡–Š‘†•ǤŠ‡
‘’–‹‹œ‡†•‘Ž‹††‹•’‡”•‹‘ȋ†”—‰ǣ͵ͲǡͳǣͲǤͷ”ƒ–‹‘Ȍ™‡”‡ˆ—”–Š‡”—•‡†–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ˆƒ•–†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–„›†‹”‡ – ‘’”‡••‹‘
‡–Š‘† —•‹‰ •—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–• •— Š ƒ• ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ ƒ† šƒ–Šƒ ‰—Ǥ ˆ”ƒ”‡† •’‡ –”‘• ‘’›ǡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ • ƒ‹‰
ƒŽ‘”‹‡–”› ƒ† šǦ”ƒ› †‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ™‡”‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡ ’Š›•‹ ‘ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ †”—‰ ƒ† ‘’–‹‹œ‡†
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ’”‡Ǧ ‘’”‡••‹‘ ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡” ‘ˆ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†• ƒŽŽ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ •—‰‰‡•–‡† ‰‘‘† ˆŽ‘™ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ†
‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ Š‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† –ƒ„Ž‡–• ™‡”‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† ˆ‘” –Š‹ ‡••ǡ Šƒ”†‡••ǡ ˆ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† ™‡‹‰Š– ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ †”—‰ ‘–‡–ǡ
™‡––‹‰–‹‡ǡ†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘–‹‡ƒ†in-vitro†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘•–—†‹‡•ǤŠ‡„ƒ– Š ͳʹǦ •Š‘™•Š‹‰Š‡•–”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‘ˆͻͻǤͺ͹Ψ‹ʹͷ‹Ǥ

INTRODUCTION ‘Ž‹† †‹•’‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™ƒ• ’”‡’ƒ”‡† ™‹–Š 

ƒ„Ž‡– ‹• †‡ˆ‹‡† ƒ• ‘’”‡••‡† •‘Ž‹† †‘•ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘”
‘–ƒ‹‹‰ ‡†‹ ƒ‡– ™‹–Š ‘” ™‹–Š‘—– ‡š ‹’‹‡–•Ǥ 
”‡ ‡– †‡ ƒ†‡•ǡ ƒ †‹ˆˆ—•‹‘ ‘ˆ ’Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ ƒƒŽ›•‹• Šƒ•
„‡‡ ‘†— –‡† –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‡™ ‹†‡ˆ‹‹–‡ “—ƒ–‹–› ˆ‘”•Ǥ
Š‡‘˜‡Ž†”—‰†‡Ž‹˜‡”›•›•–‡•ƒ”‡–‘‹ ”‡ƒ•‡•ƒˆ‡–›ƒ†
‡ˆˆ‹ ƒ ›‘ˆ†”—‰„›ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‰ ‘˜‡‹‡–†‘•ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”ƒ†
–‘ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡ „‡––‡” ’ƒ–‹‡– ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡Ǥ ȏͳȐ Š‡ ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ
•™ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ •–ƒ†ƒ”† †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– ƒ
‰‡”‹ƒ–”‹  ’ƒ–‹‡– „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ™‘””› ‘ˆ Š‘‹‰ǡ Šƒ†
–”‡‘”•ǡ †›•’Šƒ•‹ƒ ƒ† ‹ ›‘—‰ ’‡‘’Ž‡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ
—†‡”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†—• —Žƒ”ƒ†‡”˜‘—••›•–‡•–Š‹•”‡•—Ž–•
‹ ƒ ’‘‘” ’ƒ–‹‡– ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡ ™Š‹ Š ƒ› „‡ ‹’”‘˜‡† „›
–Š‡ ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–•Ǥ ȏʹȐ Š‡ ‹†‡ƒŽ †”—‰ †‡Ž‹˜‡”›
•›•–‡•Šƒ˜‡–™‘–Š‹‰•™‘—Ž†„‡‡‡†‡†ˆ‹”•–‹–‹‰Š–„‡
‘‡ †‘•‡ –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ –”‡ƒ–‡– ™Š‡–Š‡” ‘” ‘– ‹–̵• ˆ‘”
†ƒ›• ‘” ™‡‡ǡ Ž‹‡ ‹ˆ‡ –‹‘ǡ ‘” ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
’ƒ–‹‡–ǡ ƒ• ‹ Š‹‰Š „Ž‘‘† ’”‡••—”‡ ‘” †‹ƒ„‡–‡•Ǥ ƒ•–
†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ƒŽŽ‡† ƒ• ‘—–ŠǦ†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰
–ƒ„Ž‡–•ǡ‡Ž–Ǧ‹‘—–Š–ƒ„Ž‡–•ǡ”ƒŽ†‹•’‡”•‹„Ž‡–ƒ„Ž‡–•ǡ”ƒ’
‡Ž–•ǡ ’‘”‘—• –ƒ„Ž‡–•ǡ “—‹  †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–Ǥ ƒ•–
†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–•†‹••‘Ž˜‡‹–Š‡‘”ƒŽ ƒ˜‹–›™‹–Š‘—–™ƒ–‡”Ǥ
‘•– ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–• Šƒ˜‡ •—„•–ƒ ‡• –‘ ƒ• –Š‡
„‹––‡”–ƒ•–‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ –‹˜‡‹‰”‡†‹‡–Ǥȏ͵Ȑ
•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”‹•ƒ†‹‹•–‡”‡†‘”ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹–‹•ƒƒ–‹˜‹”ƒŽ†”—‰
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ ‹ˆŽ—‡œƒ  ƒ†  ‹ˆ‡ –‹‘• ‹
Š‹Ž†”‡εͳ›‡ƒ”ƒ†ƒ†—Ž–•‘ˆƒŽŽƒ‰‡•Ǥ ȏͶȐ–ƒ†ƒ”††‘•‡‘ˆ
‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ‹ ƒ†—Ž–ǯ• ‹• ͹ͷ ‰ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ Š‹Ž†”‡ Šƒ˜‡ —‹–
†‘•‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† ‘ –Š‡ „ƒ•‹• ‘ˆ „‘†› ™‡‹‰Š–Ǥ ”ƒŽ
ƒ’•—Ž‡ ȋ͵ͷǡ ͶͲ ƒ† ͹ͷ ‰Ȍ ƒ† •—•’‡•‹‘ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•
ƒ”‡ —””‡–Ž› ’”‘’–Ž› ‘ –Š‡ ƒ”‡–Ǥ • ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰
–ƒ„Ž‡–• ƒŠ‘Ž†–Š‡†‘•‡—’–‘–Š‡ͷͲͲ‰™‡ ƒ•—‹–ƒ„Ž›
ƒ†‹‹•–‡”͹ͷ‰‘ˆ†‘•‡ǤŠ‡‘—–Š†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–
‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”™‹ŽŽ†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡”ƒ’‹†Ž›‹–Š‡’ƒ–‹‡–‘—–Š
™‹–Š‘—– ‡‡† ‘ˆ ™ƒ–‡” ‘” Š‡™‹‰ ƒ† ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ‹–• †”—‰
‘–‡–• ‹•–ƒ–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›Ǥ ‘ –Š‹• †‘•ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” ‹• ‘”‡
‘ˆ‘”–ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”’ƒ‡†‹ƒ–”‹ ǡ‰‡”‹ƒ–”‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–ǤȏͶǦͷȐ
ͳ ǤǤǤǤ ƒ†ƒŽǯ• ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ ›ǡ ‘Žƒ’—”ǦͶͳ͵ͲͲͶǡ ƒŠƒ”ƒ•Š–”ƒǡ
†‹ƒǤ
Ǧƒ‹Žǣ•Š”‹•Šƒ‹ŽǤ‰Š—”‰Š—”‡̷‰ƒ‹ŽǤ ‘
ȗ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ƒ—–Š‘”

ʹ‘†‡” ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ ›ǡ ƒ—ƒƒ‰ƒ”ǡ ‹‰†‹ǡ —‡ǦͶͳͳͲͶͶǡ
ƒŠƒ”ƒ•Š–”ƒǡ †‹ƒǤ
͵Ͳ ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– †”—‰ǣ ƒ””‹‡” ”ƒ–‹‘ —•‹‰ •‘Ž˜‡–
‡˜ƒ’‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‡–Š‘†•Ǥ Š‡ ‘’–‹‹œ‡† •‘Ž‹† †‹•’‡”•‹‘
ȋ†”—‰ǣ  ͵Ͳǡ ͳǣͲǤͷ ”ƒ–‹‘Ȍ ™‡”‡ ˆ—”–Š‡” —•‡† –‘ ’”‡’ƒ”‡
ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡– „› †‹”‡ – ‘’”‡••‹‘ ‡–Š‘† —•‹‰
•—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–••— Šƒ• ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ƒ†šƒ–Šƒ‰—Ǥ
ˆ”ƒ”‡† •’‡ –”‘• ‘’› ƒ† †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ • ƒ‹‰
ƒŽ‘”‹‡–”› ™‡”‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡
’Š›•‹ ‘ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ †”—‰ ƒ† ‘’–‹‹œ‡†
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥȏ͸Ǧ͹Ȑ
†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ ƒ•–‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ„Ž‡–ǣȏ͵Ȑ
ͳǤ ’”‘˜‡† ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡Ȁƒ††‡† ‘˜‡‹‡ ‡
ʹǤ ‘™ƒ–‡”‡‡†‡†
͵Ǥ ‘ Š‡™‹‰‡‡†‡†
ͶǤ ‡––‡”–ƒ•–‡
ͷǤ —‹–ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘” ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ˆƒ•–”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ƒ –‹˜‡•
͸Ǥ „‹Ž‹–› –‘ ’”‘†— ‡ „‡‡ˆ‹–• ‘ˆ Ž‹“—‹† ‡†‹ ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š‹
–Š‡•–›Ž‡‘ˆ•‘Ž‹†’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
͹Ǥ ŽŽ‘™•Š‹‰Š†”—‰Ž‘ƒ†‹‰Ǥ
ͺǤ †ƒ’–ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† ƒ‡ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ƒ†
’ƒ ƒ‰‹‰ƒ Š‹‡”›
ͻǤ ‘•–Ǧ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡Ǥ

MATERIALS AND METHODS
•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™‡”‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ˆ”‘ ›†—• ƒ†‹Žƒ –†ǡ
Š‡†ƒ„ƒ†Ǥ  Ǧ͵Ͳǡ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ǡ ƒ‹–‘Žǡ ƒ‰‡•‹—
•–‡ƒ”ƒ–‡ǡƒŽ ™ƒ•”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ˆ”‘Š”‹•ƒ‹Š‡‹ ƒŽǡ‘Žƒ’—”Ǥ
Calibration Curve of Oseltamivir
 —”ƒ–‡Ž›™‡‹‰Š‡†ͳͲ‰‘ˆ†”—‰™ƒ•–”ƒ•ˆ‡””‡†–‘ͳͲŽ
˜‘Ž—‡–”‹  ˆŽƒ• ƒ† †‹••‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ‡–Šƒ‘Žǡ –Š‹• ™ƒ•
‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ• •–‘  •‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ ”‘ •–‘  •‘Ž—–‹‘  ͲǤͳ Žǡ
ͲǤʹŽǡͲǤ͵ŽǡͲǤͶŽǡͲǤͷŽǡ™‡”‡–ƒ‡ƒ†™ƒ•ƒ‡—’
–Š‡ ˜‘Ž—‡ –‘ ͳͲŽ ™‹–Š ‡–Šƒ‘Ž –‘ ‰‡– ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡
‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ȋͳͲǡ ʹͲǡ ͵Ͳǡ ͶͲ ƒ† ͷͲȌ Ɋ‰ȀŽǤ”‡’ƒ”‡†
•ƒ’Ž‡• ™‡”‡ ƒƒŽ›œ‡† „› —•‹‰ —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– †‘—„Ž‡ „‡ƒ
•’‡ –”‘’Š‘–‘‡–‡”ƒ–ɉƒšʹͳͺǤ
 
Preparation of Oseltamivir Fast Dissolving Tablet
1. Step-1 Solid Dispersion Technique-Solvent
Evaporation Method
Š‡ •‘Ž‹† †‹•’‡”•‹‘• ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™‡”‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† „›
†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –Š‡ ‹š–—”‡ ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ƒ† –Š‡   ͵Ͳ ƒ–

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵ 1 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†

ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ —„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   

–Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š– ”ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ ͳǣͲǤͷ ™Ȁ™ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š‡Ž’ ‘ˆ ƒ „‘––‘ „αͲȀ
˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ‹š–—”‡‘ˆ‡–Šƒ‘Žƒ†ƒ ‡–‘‡•‘Ž˜‡–•›•–‡ 

ȋͳǣͳ ˜Ȁ˜ȌǤ Š‡ •‘Ž˜‡– ™ƒ•”‡‘˜‡† „› ‡˜ƒ’‘”ƒ–‹‘ —†‡” Š‡”‡ǡ  ‹• ƒ•• ‘ˆ ’‘™†‡”ǡ Ͳ ‹• „—Ž ˜‘Ž—‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
”‡†— ‡†’”‡••—”‡ƒ–͵͹‘Ǥ‘Ž‹†ƒ••‘„–ƒ‹‡†™ƒ••‹ŽŽ‡† ’‘™†‡”Ǥ
–Š‡͓•‹š–›ƒ†‡‡’‹˜ƒ ——†‡•‹ ƒ–‘”–‹ŽŽ—•‡Ǥ 
 b. Tapped Density (Dt)
2. Step-2 Preparation of Oseltamivir Fast Dissolving  —”ƒ–‡Ž› ™‡‹‰Š‡† “—ƒ–‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡† ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š
Tablet ˆ‘”—Žƒƒˆ–‡”™‡‹‰Š‹‰–Š‡’‘™†‡”„Ž‡†™ƒ•–”ƒ•ˆ‡”‹–‘
ƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™‡”‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† „› ƒ ‡ƒ•—”‹‰ ›Ž‹†‡”Ǥ ˆ–‡” –”ƒ•ˆ‡””‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‹‰
†‹”‡ – ‘’”‡••‹‘ ‡–Š‘†Ǥ ŽŽ –Š‡ ‹‰”‡†‹‡–• ™‡”‡ ›Ž‹†‡”™ƒ•–ƒ’’‡†—–‹Ž‘ˆ—”–Š‡”„Ž‡†•™‡”‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†
’‘™†‡”‡† •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž› ƒ† ’ƒ••‡† –Š”‘—‰Š •‹‡˜‡ ‘Ǥ ͶͲ „›—•‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”—Žƒ

•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›Ǥ Š‡ †”—‰ ƒ† ƒŽŽ ‡š ‹’‹‡– ™‡”‡ ‹š‡† „› –α–ȀǤ
ƒ††‹‰•ƒŽŽ’‘”–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ Šƒ–ƒ–‹‡ƒ†„Ž‡†‹‰‹––‘‰‡– 

ƒ —‹ˆ‘” ‹š–—”‡ ƒ† ‡’– ƒ•‹†‡Ǥ ˆ–‡” –Š‡ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” Š‡”‡ǡ‹•ƒ••‘ˆ’‘™†‡”ǡ–‹•–ƒ’’‡†˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡
‹‰”‡†‹‡–• ™‡”‡ ‹š‡† ‹ ‰‡‘‡–”‹ ƒŽ ‘”†‡”ǡ ‹ ƒ ‹ˆŽƒ–‡ ’‘™†‡”Ǥ
’‘Ž›‡–Š›Ž‡‡ ’‘— Š ƒ‰‡•‹— •–‡ƒ”ƒ–‡ ƒ† –ƒŽ  ™‡”‡
ƒ††‡† Žƒ•– ƒ† ‹š‡† ˆ‘” ˆ—”–Š‡” –™‘ ‹—–‡• ƒ† –Š‡ c. Carr’s Index (%)
–ƒ„Ž‡–• ™‡”‡ ‘’”‡••‡† —•‹‰ ͺǦͳʹ  ‘˜ƒŽ •Šƒ’‡ Š‡ ƒ””ǯ• ‹†‡š ™ƒ• ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† ƒ• ͳͲͲ –‹‡• –Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
’— Š‡• –‘ ‰‡– –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ͳͷͲ ‰ ™‡‹‰Š–Ǥ Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡– –Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡„‡–™‡‡–ƒ’’‡††‡•‹–›ƒ†„—Ž†‡•‹–›–‘
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•’”‡’ƒ”‡†™‡”‡•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ʹǤ –Š‡ –ƒ’’‡† †‡•‹–›Ǥ Š‡ ƒ””ǯ• ‹†‡š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘™†‡” ™ƒ•
 ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†„›—•‹‰ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”—ŽƒǤ
Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Oseltamivir 
ƒ’’‡††‡•‹–› െ —Ž†‡•‹–›
1. Preformulation Studies ƒ””ǯ• †‡š ൌ ൈ ͳͲͲ
2. Compatibility Studies [8-10] ƒ’’‡††‡•‹–›
a. FTIR
 •–—†› ‘ˆ ’—”‡ †”—‰ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ƒ† ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ ‹š–—”‡ d. Hausner’s Ratio
™‡”‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† –‘ ˆ‹† ‘—– ƒ› ’‘••‹„Ž‡ †”—‰Ǧ‡š ‹’‹‡– ƒ—•‡”ǯ• ”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ ‡ƒ•—”‡ ‘ˆ ˆ”ƒ –‹‘ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ‹
‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘ „› ” ’‡ŽŽ‡– ‡–Š‘† —•‹‰ ȋ  ’”‡•–‹‰‡ ʹͳ ‘˜‹‰ ’‘™†‡” ƒ••Ǥ ƒ—•‡”ǯ• ”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• –Š‡ ƒ‹ ”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
Š‹ƒ†œ—‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ’ƒȌ•’‡ –”‘’Š‘–‘‡–‡”Ǥ –ƒ’’‡† †‡•‹–› –‘ „—Ž †‡•‹–›Ǥ – ‹• ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ „› ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰
ˆ‘”—Žƒǣ

b. DSC —Ž‡•‹–›
Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒŽ  ƒ‹‰ ƒŽ‘”‹‡–”› ƒŽ›•‹• ™ƒ• ƒ—•‡”ǯ•ƒ–‹‘ ൌ 
’‡”ˆ‘”‡† „› —•‹‰  ͳȀ͹ͲͲȀʹͻ͸Ͳ  ͸Ͳǡ ƒ’’‡†‡•‹–›

‡––Ž‡” ‘Ž‡†‘ †‹ƒ ˜–Ǥ –†Ǥ ™‹–œ‡”Žƒ†ǡ —•‹‰ ”— ‹„Ž‡
e. Angle of Repose (Ɵ)
ƒŽ—‹—ͶͲρƒ–ǡͳͲιȀ‹Š‡ƒ–‹‰”ƒ–‡ǡ–Š‡–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡
‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”‡’‘•‡ ™ƒ• ƒ‹Ž› †‡–‡”‹‡† „› —•‹‰ ˆ—‡Ž
”ƒ‰‡™ƒ•ʹͷι–‘͵ͲͲ鋐ƒ‹–”‘‰‡ƒ–‘•’Š‡”‡Ǥ
‡–Š‘†Ǥ Š‡ ƒ —”ƒ–‡ “—ƒ–‹–› ‘ˆ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†
™ƒ• –”ƒ•ˆ‡””‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ ˆ—‡Ž –Šƒ– ƒ „‡ ”ƒ‹•‡†
c. XRD
˜‡”–‹ ƒŽŽ› —–‹Ž ƒ ƒš‹— ‘‡ Š‡‹‰Š– ™ƒ• ‘„–ƒ‹‡†Ǥ Š‡
Š›•‹ ƒŽ ƒ–—”‡• ‘ˆ †”—‰ ƒ† ‘’–‹‹œ‡† ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ™‡”‡
”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‡™ƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡†ƒ†ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ”‡’‘•‡™ƒ•
ƒƒŽ›œ‡† „› Ǧ”ƒ› †‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ȋȌǤ  ’ƒ––‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†„›—•‹‰ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”—Žƒǣ
’‘™†‡”‡† •ƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †”—‰ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘’–‹‹•‡† 
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ”‡ ‘”†‡† —•‹‰ Ǧ”ƒ› ’‘™†‡” †‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‘‡–‡” ፽α–ƒǦͳȋŠȀ”Ȍ
™‹–Šƒ ‘’’‡”–—„‡ƒ‘†‡‘˜‡”–Š‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽͲǦ͸ͲιʹɅΫͳǤŠ‡ 
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•™‡”‡ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ ‡‡”ƒ–‘”–‡•‹‘ Š‡”‡ǡ፽ა‰Ž‡‘ˆ”‡’‘•‡Ǥ
ȋ˜‘Ž–ƒ‰‡Ȍ ‘ˆ Ͷͷ Ǣ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‘” —””‡– ‘ˆ ͶͲ Ǣ • ƒ •–‡’ 
–‹‡‘ˆͻȀ•ƒ†• ƒ•–‡’•‹œ‡‘ˆͲǤͲͲͺιȋʹɅȌǤ 4. Evaluation of Tablets [16-17]
 a. Weight Variation
3. Evaluation of Blends ™‡–› –ƒ„Ž‡–• ™‡”‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† ƒ† ™‡‹‰Š‡† ‘ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ
Š‡ ’”‡’ƒ”‡† ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†• ™‡”‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† ˆ‘” „—Ž ™‡‹‰Š‹‰ „ƒŽƒ ‡ ȋŠƒ—•ǡ Ȍ ƒ† ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ™‡‹‰Š– ™ƒ•
†‡•‹–›ǡ –ƒ’’‡† †‡•‹–›ǡ ƒ””ǯ• ‹†‡šǡ ƒ—•‡”ǯ• ”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‡–‡”‹‡†ǤŠ‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ–ƒ„Ž‡–•™‡”‡™‡‹‰Š‡†ƒ†–Š‡
ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ”‡’‘•‡ǤȏͳͳǦͳͷȐ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ™‡‹‰Š–™ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†™‹–Šƒƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡™‡‹‰Š–Ǥ ȏͻȐ
Š‡–ƒ†ƒ”†Ž‹‹–ƒ••Š‘™‹„‡Ž‘™ǣ
a. Bulk Density (Db) 
 —”ƒ–‡Ž› ™‡‹‰Š‡† “—ƒ–‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡† ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š ˜‡”ƒ‰‡™–Ǥ‘ˆ–ƒ„Ž‡– ƒš‹—‡” Ǥ‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒƒˆ–‡”™‡‹‰Š‹‰–Š‡’‘™†‡”„Ž‡†™ƒ•–”ƒ•ˆ‡”‹–‘ ȋ‰Ȍ ŽŽ‘™
ƒ‡ƒ•—”‹‰ ›Ž‹†‡”ǤŠ‡˜‘Ž—‡‘ —’‹‡†„›–Š‡’‘™†‡” ͺͲ‘”Ž‡•• άͳͲΨ
„Ž‡†™ƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡†™Š‹ Š‰ƒ˜‡–Š‡„—Ž˜‘Ž—‡ǤŠ‡„—Ž ”‘ͺͲ–‘ʹͷͲ ά͹ǤͷΨ
†‡•‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†• ™ƒ• ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡ „› —•‹‰ –Š‡ εʹͷͲ άͷΨ
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”—ŽƒǤ ‹‹–ˆ‘”–ƒ„Ž‡–™‡‹‰Š–˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘–‡•–

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵ 2 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†

ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ —„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   
Table 1: For Organoleptic Property of API (Oseltamivir)

Organoleptic Property of API
Properties
‘Ž‘—”
‡•–
†‘—”
Table 2: Standard Calibration Graph Values of Oseltamivir in Methanol
Concentration (μg/ml)
Ͳ
ͳͲ
ʹͲ
͵Ͳ
ͶͲ
ͷͲ
b. Friability
”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡– ƒ „‡ †‡–‡”‹‡ ‹ Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”› „›
‘ Š‡ ”‹ƒ„‹Žƒ–‘”Ǥ Š‹• ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ ƒ ’Žƒ•–‹  Šƒ„‡” –Šƒ–
”‡˜‘Ž˜‡•ƒ–ʹͷ”’ǡ†”‘’’‹‰–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡–•–Š”‘—‰Šƒ†‹•–ƒ ‡
‘ˆ•‹š‹ Š‡•‹–Š‡ˆ”‹ƒ„‹Žƒ–‘”ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•–Š‡‘’‡”ƒ–‡ˆ‘”ͳͲͲ
”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ ˆ–‡” ‘’Ž‡–‡ –Š‡•‡ ’”‘ ‡•• –ƒ„Ž‡–• ™‡”‡
†—•–‡†ƒ†”‡™‡‹‰Š‡†Ǥ

”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›αͳǦʹȀͳέͳͲͲ
 ȋ’ƒ††Ž‡Ȍƒ’’ƒ”ƒ–—•ǤŠ‡’ƒ††Ž‡™ƒ•”‘–ƒ–‡†ƒ–ͷͲ”’Ǥ’ 
Š‡”‡ǡͳα ‹–‹ƒŽ™‡‹‰Š–ƒ†ʹαˆ‹ƒŽ™‡‹‰Š–Ǥ
c. Thickness
Š‹ ‡••‘ˆ–ƒ„Ž‡–•™ƒ•†‡–‡”‹‡†—•‹‰˜‡”‹‡” ƒŽŽ‹’‡”
ȋ †‹ƒ ƒŽŽ‹’‡” †—•–”‹‡•ǡ „ƒŽƒǡ †‹ƒȌǤ Š”‡‡ –ƒ„Ž‡–•
ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ Š „ƒ– Š ™‡”‡ —•‡† ƒ† ƒ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ™ƒ•
ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡†Ǥ
d. Hardness
 –Š‹• –‡ Š‹“—‡ –ƒ„Ž‡– ”—•Š‹‰ •–”‡‰–Š ™ƒ• ‡ƒ•—”‡†
—•‹‰ ƒ ‘•ƒ–‘ Šƒ”†‡•• –‡•–‡”Ǥ Š‡•‡ Šƒ”†‡••
–‡ Š‹“—‡—•‹‰–Š”‡‡–ƒ„Ž‡–•ˆ”‘‡ƒ Šˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘„ƒ– Š
™‡”‡–‡•–‡†”ƒ†‘Ž›ƒ†–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡”‡ƒ†‹‰™ƒ•‘–‡†Ǥ
Š‡Šƒ”†‡••‹•‡ƒ•—”‡†‹‰Ȁ ʹǤ
e. Content Uniformity Test
‡ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ȋͳͷͲ‰Ȍ ™‡”‡ ’‘™†‡”‡† ‹ ‘”–ƒ” ’‡•–Ž‡ ƒ†
–Š‡ „Ž‡† ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡– –‘ ʹ ‰ ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™ƒ• ™‡‹‰Š‡†
ƒ† †‹••‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ͳͲͲ Ž ‘ˆ ͸Ǥͺ ’  ’Š‘•’Šƒ–‡ „—ˆˆ‡”
•‘Ž—–‹‘•Ǥˆ–‡”’”‡’ƒ”‹‰–Š‡•‡•‘Ž—–‹‘™ƒ••‘‹ ƒ–‡†ƒ†
ˆ‹Ž–‡”‡†–Š”‘—‰Š™Šƒ–ƒˆ‹Ž–‡”’ƒ’‡”ƒ†•—‹–ƒ„Ž›†‹Ž—–‡†
™‹–Š ͸Ǥͺ’  ’Š‘•’Šƒ–‡ „—ˆˆ‡” ƒ† –Š‡ †”—‰ ‘–‡– ™ƒ•
ƒƒŽ›œ‡† „› —•‹‰ †‘—„Ž‡ „‡ƒ  •’‡ –”‘’Š‘–‘‡–‡”
ȋǦͳͺͲͲ Š‹ƒ†œ—Ȍ ƒ– ʹͳͺǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ƒ Š •ƒ’Ž‡
™ƒ•ƒƒŽ›œ‡†‹–”‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‡Ǥ
f. In-Vitro Disintegration Time
Š‡ –‡•– ™ƒ• ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ‘ ͸ –ƒ„Ž‡–• —•‹‰ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –ƒ„Ž‡–
†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ –‡•–‡” ȋ‡‡‰‘ǡ †‹ƒȌǤ ‹•–‹ŽŽ‡† ™ƒ–‡” ƒ–
͵͹ιάʹ陃•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘‡†‹ƒƒ†–Š‡–‹‡
–ƒ‡ ˆ‘” ‘’Ž‡–‡ †‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡– ™‹–Š ‘
’ƒŽ’ƒ„Ž‡ƒ••”‡ƒ‹‹‰‹–Š‡ƒ’’ƒ”ƒ–—•™ƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡†‹
•‡ ‘†•Ǥ
˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵
ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ
Result
Š‹–‡ǡ ”›•–ƒŽŽ‹‡’‘™†‡”
”ƒ –‹ ƒŽŽ›‡•–Ž‡••
†‘—”Ž‡••
Absorbance
Ͳ
ͲǤͲͶ
ͲǤͲͻ͵
ͲǤͳͶʹ
ͲǤͳͻʹ
ͲǤʹͷʹ


g. Wetting Time
‡–”‹’Žƒ–‡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰͸Ž‘ˆ†‹•–‹ŽŽ‡†™ƒ–‡”™ƒ•–ƒ‡Ǥ
–ƒ„Ž‡– ‘–ƒ‹‹‰ ƒ •ƒŽŽ “—ƒ–‹–› ‘ˆ ƒƒ”ƒ–Š ‘Ž‘—” ™ƒ•
’Žƒ ‡† ‘ ‹–Ǥ ‹‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ —’’‡” •—”ˆƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
–ƒ„Ž‡––‘„‡ ‘‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡†™ƒ•‘–‡†Ǥ
h. In-Vitro Dissolution Data
‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ –‡•– ™ƒ• †‡–‡”‹‡† „› —•‹‰  –›’‡ 
͸ǤͺŠ‘•’Šƒ–‡„—ˆˆ‡”™ƒ•—•‡†ƒ•†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘‡†‹—ȋͻͲͲ
ŽȌ ƒ† ™ƒ• ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ͵͹άͳ‘Ǥ ƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ ͷ Ž ™‡”‡
™‹–Š†”ƒ™ ƒ– ’”‡†‡–‡”‹‡† ‹–‡”˜ƒŽ• ȋͷǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͷǡ ʹͲǡ ʹͷ
ƒ†͵ͲȌǡˆ‹Ž–‡”‡†ƒ†”‡’Žƒ ‡†™‹–ŠͷŽ‘ˆˆ”‡•Š†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘
‡†‹—Ǥ
Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† •ƒ’Ž‡• ™‡”‡ •—‹–ƒ„Ž› †‹Ž—–‡† ™‹–Š
†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ ˆŽ—‹†ǡ ™Š‡”‡˜‡” ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ƒ† ™‡”‡ ƒƒŽ›œ‡†
ˆ‘” –Š‡ †”—‰ ƒ– ʹͳͺ  „› —•‹‰ —Ž–”ƒ˜‹‘Ž‡– †‘—„Ž‡ „‡ƒ
•’‡ –”‘’Š‘–‘‡–‡”Ǥ
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Calibration of Oseltamivir
Š‡ɉƒš‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™ƒ•†‡–‡”‹‡†„›• ƒ‹‰–Š‡
ͳͲ ρ‰ȀŽ •‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ †”—‰ —•‹‰ Ǧ’‡ –”‘’Š‘–‘‡–‡”
ƒ† ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ ʹͳͺ Ǥ Š‡ ƒ„•‘”„ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
•‘Ž—–‹‘ ͳͲ –‘ ͷͲ ρ‰ȀŽ ™ƒ• ‡ƒ•—”‡† ‹ Ǧ
’‡ –”‘’Š‘–‘‡–‡” ƒ– ʹͳͺ  ȋƒ„Ž‡ ͳȌǤ Š‡ Ž‹‡ƒ”
‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ ͲǤͻͻ͹Ͷ ȋŠ ͸Ǥͺ Š‘•’Šƒ–‡
„—ˆˆ‡”Ȍȋ ‹‰—”‡ͳȌǤ
Pre-formulation Evaluations
Ǧ  •’‡ –”— ‘ˆ ’—”‡ †”—‰ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ƒ† ’Š›•‹ ƒŽ
‹š–—”‡ ‘ˆ †”—‰ ƒ† •—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–• ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ǡ
šƒ–Šƒ ‰— ƒ† ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ Ϊ šƒ–Šƒ
‰— ™‡”‡ •–—†‹‡† ƒ† •’‡ –”— ‹• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰—”‡ ʹǦͷǤ
”—‰ ’‘Ž›‡” ‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–› •–—†‹‡• ƒ”‡ ˜‡”› ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹
‘”†‡” –‘ ‘ˆ‹” –Š‡ †”—‰ •–”— –—”‡ǡ ‹–• ƒ –‹˜‹–› ƒ† ‹–•
†‡‰”ƒ†ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡ ƒ† ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ’ƒ––‡” ™‹–Š ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
’‘Ž›‡”‹  •—„•–ƒ ‡• —•‡† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ  –Š‹•
’”‡•‡– •–—†›ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ‹Ž› ‘„•‡”˜‡† –Šƒ–ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ ‘
ƒŒ‘” •Š‹ˆ–• ‹ ‹–• ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ƒ‹ ’‡ƒ•Ǥ ‘ –Š‹• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡•
–Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• ‘ ‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–› ‹••—‡• ‘ˆ †”—‰ ™‹–Š
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘’‘Ž›‡”•—•‡†Ǥ
3 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†
—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   


Figure 1:ƒŽ‹„”ƒ–‹‘ —”˜‡‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”

90
3349.84

3157.40

80
2875.74
2937.79

1444.59
1330.94
70
%Transmittance

1621.19
2965.95

1463.44
1373.67
60

1204.49

786.70
1660.59

1548.74

603.35
50

1721.98

1242.881260.15

552 19
1166.81 1188.74

654.79
851.66
1025.21
40

1124.91
1290.46

677.12
950.64
873.82
1067.50
30

730.09
967.01
20
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
Wavenumbers (cm-1) 
Figure 2:  •’‡ –”—‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”


Figure 3:  •’‡ –”—‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡

Figure 4:  •’‡ –”—‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊšƒ–Šƒ‰—

90
3349.33

2850.35
3281.46

1722.08
2916.56

80
1375.17
3391.07

1463.03
%Transmittance

1652.02

1125.82
1421.61
1544.54

70
1261.06 1277.53

784.17
952.82
1208.28

730.20
863.76

60
1070.16

970.36
878.12

579.92 629.53
1017.83

50
552 91
664.70

567.36

40

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000

Wavenumbers (cm-1)

Figure 5:  •’‡ –”—‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡Ϊšƒ–Šƒ‰—

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵ 4 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†

ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ —„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   
Figure 6:Š‡”‘‰”ƒ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”
Figure 7:Š‡”‘‰”ƒ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡
Figure 8:Š‡”‘‰”ƒ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊšƒ–Šƒ‰—
Figure 9:Š‡”‘‰”ƒ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡Ϊšƒ–Šƒ‰—
DSC
Š‡ –Š‡”ƒŽ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘—” ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• •‘Ž‹†
†‹•’‡”•‹‘ ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡† ‘’–‹‹œ‡† „ƒ– Š ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ•
•Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡͸ǦͻǤŠ‘™‡†ƒ‹‹–‹ƒŽˆŽƒ–’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†
„› ƒ •Šƒ”’ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹  ‡†‘–Š‡”‹  ’‡ƒ ™‹–Š ƒ ‘•‡–
ƒ– ʹͲͺι ȋŠ‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡† ‡Ž–‹‰ ’‘‹– ‘ˆ –Š‡ †”—‰ ™ƒ• ‹
˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵
ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ

ƒ‰”‡‡‡–™‹–Š–Š‡‡†‘–Š‡”‹ ’‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‡”‘‰”ƒȌǤ
Š‡–Š‡”‘‰”ƒ‘ˆ’—”‡†”—‰ ‘’ƒ –•Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡͹Ǧͻ
”‡–ƒ‹• –Š‡ ‘•‡– –‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‡†‘–Š‡” ’‡ƒ ƒ–
ͳ͸ͺιǤ Š‡”‡ ‹• ‘ •Š‹ˆ– ‹ –Š‡ ‡†‘–Š‡”‹  ’‡ƒ ‘ˆ
‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•‘’Š›•‹ ƒŽ‘” Š‡‹ ƒŽ
Šƒ‰‡Ǥ
5 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†
—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   
Figure 10: ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”
Figure 11: ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡
Figure 12: ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊšƒ–Šƒ‰—
Figure 13: ‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊšƒ–ŠƒΪ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡
XRD
Š‡ šǦ”ƒ› †‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ’ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ •‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” •Š‘™ •Šƒ”’
’‡ƒǡ ƒ– ͳ͸ǤͻͺͲ ’• ƒ† Ž‡•• †‹ˆˆ—•‡† ’‡ƒ• ƒ– ͵Ǥ͵ͺʹ
‹†‹ ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ ”›•–ƒŽŽ‹‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ†”—‰ƒ••Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡
ͳͲǤ Š‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †”—‰ ȋ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” Ϊ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡Ȍ
ƒ† ‘’–‹‹œ‡† ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ Ͷ •Š‘™ –Šƒ– –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š– ’‡ƒ
ƒ–ͳ͹ǤͲͶ͸•Š‘™••Šƒ”’’‡ƒƒ†Ž‡••†‹ˆˆ—•‡†’‡ƒƒ–ʹǤͲͷͲ
ƒ••Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡ͳͳǤ –•Š‘™‡†–Šƒ––Š‡†‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‹‘’‡ƒ•
ƒ– ʹ፽ †‡‰”‡‡ ͷǤͳͺͲ –‘ ͶͶǤͳͷͲǤ Š‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †”—‰
˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵
ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ





ȋ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ϊƒ–Šƒ‰—Ȍƒ†‘’–‹‹œ‡†ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͹
•Š‘™ –Šƒ– –Š‡ Š‡‹‰Š– ’‡ƒ ƒ– ͳ͹ǤͲͶ͸ •Š‘™• •Šƒ”’ ’‡ƒ
ƒ† Ž‡•• †‹ˆˆ—•‡† ’‡ƒ ƒ– ͵ǤͲʹͳ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰—”‡ ͳʹǤ –
•Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ’‡ƒ• ƒ– ʹ፽ †‡‰”‡‡ ͷǤͳͺͲ –‘
ʹͻǤͷͶͲǤ Š‡ ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †”—‰ ȋ•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” Ϊ
”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ Ϊ šƒ–Šƒ ‰—Ȍ ƒ† ‘’–‹‹œ‡† ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘
ͳʹ•Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡Š‡‹‰Š–’‡ƒƒ–͸Ǥ͹Ͳ͹•Š‘™••Šƒ”’’‡ƒ
ƒ† Ž‡•• †‹ˆˆ—•‡† ’‡ƒ ƒ– ʹǤͶͺͳ ƒ• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰—”‡ ͳ͵Ǥ –
•Š‘™‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ’‡ƒ• ƒ– ʹ፽ †‡‰”‡‡ ͳ͵ǤͳͻͲ –‘
6 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†
—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   

Table 3: Pre Compression Studies of Powder Blend

Formulation Angle of Bulk Density Tapped Density Carrs Index Hausners

Code Repose (gm/ml) (gm/cc) (%) Ratio
ͳ ʹͶǤͶ͸ ͲǤ͵ͳ ͲǤ͵ͷ ͳͳǤͶʹ ͳǤͳͳ
ʹ ʹͳǤͺͲ ͲǤ͵ʹ ͲǤ͵͸ ͳͳǤͳͳ ͳǤͳʹ
͵ ʹʹǤ͸ͳ ͲǤ͵Ͳ ͲǤ͵Ͷ ͳͳǤ͹͸ ͳǤͳ͵
Ͷ ʹͶǤͶͶ ͲǤʹͻ ͲǤ͵͵ ͳʹǤͳʹ ͳǤͳ͵
ͷ ʹͶǤͶͶ ͲǤ͵ͳ ͲǤ͵͸ ͳ͵Ǥͺͺ ͳǤͳ͸
͸ ʹͷǤͶ ͲǤ͵ʹ ͲǤ͵ͺ ͳͷǤ͹ͺ ͳǤͳͺ
͹ ʹͷǤͶ͸ ͲǤ͵ ͲǤ͵Ͷ ͳʹǤ͹ͻ ͳǤͳͶ
ͺ ʹ͵ǤͶͻ ͲǤ͵ ͲǤ͵͵ ͻǤͲͻ ͳǤͳ
ͻ ʹʹǤ͵Ͳ ͲǤʹͻ ͲǤ͵ʹ ͻǤ͵͹ͷ ͳǤͳͲ
ͳͲ ʹͶǤʹͲ ͲǤʹͻ ͲǤ͵͵ ͳʹǤͳʹ ͳǤͳ͵
ͳͳ ʹͶǤ͹͹ ͲǤ͵ ͲǤ͵Ͷ ͳͳǤ͹͸ ͳǤͳ͵
ͳʹ ʹ͵Ǥͻͳ ͲǤʹͻ ͲǤ͵Ͷ ͳͶǤ͹Ͳ ͳǤͳ͹



͵͸ǤͳͺͲǤ ‘™‡˜‡” –Š‡ šǦ”ƒ› †‹ˆˆ”ƒ –‹‘ ’ƒ––‡” ‘ˆ ’—”‡
‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ƒ† ‘’–‹‹œ‡† „ƒ– Š Ͷǡ ͹ ƒ† ͳʹ ™‡”‡
•‹’Ž› ƒ •—’‡”‹’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š ‘’‘‡– ™‹–Š ”‡•’‡ –
–‘–Š‡’‡ƒ•‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡‹–‡•‹–›
ƒ†ʹ፽ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡’‡ƒ•”‡ƒ‹— Šƒ‰‡†ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡”‡
™ƒ• ‘ ƒ‘”’Š‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ™Š‹ Š •–‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ‹ ‹
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ”›•–ƒŽŽ‹‡ˆ‘”Ǥ
 5. Hausner’s Ratio
Precompression Evaluations for the Powder Blend 
”‡ ‘’”‡••‹‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡†‘‡–‘‡•—”‡–Š‡ˆŽ‘™
’”‘’‡”–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’‘™†‡”„Ž‡†Ǥ ‘‘†ˆŽ‘™’”‘’‡”–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡
’‘™†‡” „Ž‡† ™‹ŽŽ ›‹‡Ž† –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ †‡•‹”‡† “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ†
‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡–‹‰ ’”‘ ‡••Ǥ ‘ ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ†ƒ–‘”› –‘ ƒ••‡••
–Š‡ ˆŽ‘™ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ „Ž‡† „‡ˆ‘”‡ ‘’”‡••‹‘Ǥ Š‡
˜ƒ”‹‘—•’”‡ ‘’”‡••‹‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ
1. Angle of Repose
Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”‡’‘•‡ ƒ „‡ ‘””‡Žƒ–‡† ™‹–Š –›’‡ ‘ˆ ˆŽ‘™
’‘™†‡”Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘ˆ ”‡’‘•‡ „‡Ž‘™ ʹͷͲ ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–
ˆŽ‘™ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰Ž‡ ”‡’‘•‡ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•
”ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ ʹͳǏǤͺͲǯ –‘ ʹͷǏǤͶ͸ǯǤ – ™ƒ• ‡˜‹†‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡
”‡•—Ž–•ǡ –Šƒ– –Š‡’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†•‘ˆ ƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ’‘••‡•ǯ
‰‘‘†ˆŽ‘™’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ”‡’‘•‡ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ
–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡•—ƒ”‹•‡†‹ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥ
 ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–ƒ– ’”‘†— – ‡‡–• ƒŽŽ ‡ ‡••ƒ”›
2. Bulk Density
Š‡„—Ž†‡•‹–›™ƒ•†‡–‡”‹‡†–‘ƒ••‡••–Š‡ˆ”‡‡ˆŽ‘™‹‰
’”‘’‡”–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†Ǥ Š‡ „—Ž †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ”ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ ͲǤʹͻ‰Ȁ ͵ –‘ ͲǤ͵͵ ‰Ȁ ͵Ǥ Š‡
”‡•—Ž–• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‹ˆ–‡‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡Šƒ˜‹‰‰‘‘†ˆŽ‘™’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•
ƒ”‡•—ƒ”‹•‡†‹ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥ
3. Tapped Density
Š‡ –ƒ’’‡† †‡•‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘™†‡” ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• ‹
‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’‘™†‡”ǤŠ‡–ƒ’’‡††‡•‹–›‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ”ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ ͲǤ͵ʹ‰Ȁ ͵ –‘ ͲǤ͵ͺ‰Ȁ ͵Ǥ ”‘
–Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–•ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ‹ˆ‡””‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡† ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•’‘••‡•‰‘‘†ˆŽ‘™’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆƒŽŽ
–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡•—ƒ”‹•‡†‹ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥ
 3. Friability Test
4. Compressibility Index
Š‡ ‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–› ‹†‡š ™ƒ• –Š‡ •‹’Ž‡•– ‡–Š‘† –‘
‡ƒ•—”‡ –Š‡ ˆ”‡‡ ˆŽ‘™‹‰ ‘ˆ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ „‡Ž‘™ ʹͳΨ •Š‘™ ‰‘‘†
‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ Š‡ ‘’”‡••‹„‹Ž‹–› ‹†‡š ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –Š‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ”ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ ͻǤͲͻ –‘ ͳͷǤ͹ͺǤ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–•
‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡’‘™†‡”„Ž‡†‘ˆƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•’‘••‡••
‰‘‘† ˆŽ‘™ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡
•—ƒ”‹•‡†‹ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥ

Š‡ ƒ—•‡”ǯ•”ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ‘–Š‡”’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”–‘‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆŽ‘™
’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ǤŠ‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ”ƒ–‹‘„‡Ž‘™ͳǤʹͷ‹†‹ ƒ–‡‰‘‘†ˆŽ‘™
’”‘’‡”–›Ǥ Š‡ ƒ—•‡”ǯ• ”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ͳʹ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ”ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ ͳǤͳͲ –‘ ͳǤͳͺǤ – ™ƒ• ‘„•‡”˜‡†
ˆ”‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•–Šƒ––Š‡’‘™†‡”„Ž‡†•‘ˆƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•
Šƒ˜‡ ‰‘‘† ˆŽ‘™ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ”‡ •—ƒ”‹•‡† ‹
ƒ„Ž‡͵Ǥ
– ™ƒ• ‡˜‹†‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‡ ‘’”‡••‹‘
•–—†‹‡•ǡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‘™†‡” „Ž‡†• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ‡‹‰Š– ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•
’‘••‡• ‰‘‘† ˆŽ‘™ ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™‡”‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡
•–ƒ†ƒ”† Ž‹‹–• ƒ† ™‡”‡ “—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹‡† ˆ‘” ‘’”‡••‹‘ ‹–‘
ƒ„Ž‡–•Ǥ

Post Compression Evaluations
Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡–•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒˆ–‡” ‘’”‡••‹‘™‡”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‘
˜ƒ”‹‘—• ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”• –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡ –Š‡‹” “—ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† –‘
”‹–‡”‹ƒǯ•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆƒ•–†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–•Ǥ

1. Weight Variation Test
Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š– ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͳ –‘ ͳʹ ”ƒ‰‡†
ˆ”‘ͳͶ͸Ǥͷ–‘ͳͷͲǤͷ‰ǤŠ‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡†‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–ƒ„Ž‡–•
Šƒ• –‘ „‡ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹  ƒ† –Š‡› •Š‘—Ž† ‘– †‹ˆˆ‡” ά ͹Ǥͷ Ψ
ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘  •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ”‡ •Š‘™ ‹
ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ

2. Hardness
Š‡Šƒ”†‡••‘ˆ–Š‡ƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͳ–‘ ͳʹ”ƒ‰‡†ˆ”‘
͵ǤͲ–‘͵Ǥ͵‰Ȁ ʹǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡–•‘ˆƒŽŽ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ —‹ˆ‘” Šƒ”†‡••Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ™‡”‡
•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ

Š‡ ˆ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡– ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ Ž‡•• –Šƒ ͳΨ
™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ Ž‹‹– ȋȌǤ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–•
‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ˆ”‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘” –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵ 7 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†

ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ —„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   

Table 4: Post compression studies of Oseltamivir Fast Dissolving Tablet

Formulation Average Hardness Friability Thickness Drug Content Disintegration Wetting

Code Weight (mg) (kg/cm2) (%) (mm) (%) Time (sec) Time (sec )
ͳ ͳͶͺǤͷ ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤͺͶ ͵ ͻͺǤʹͳ ͵ͺ ͳͺ
ʹ ͳͶ͸Ǥͷ ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤ͸ͺ ͵ ͻ͹Ǥ͸ͻ ʹͻ ͳͻ
͵ ͳͶ͹Ǥͷ ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤͺͶ ͵ ͻͺǤͺ͹ ʹʹ ͳͶ
Ͷ ͳͶͻ ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤ͵͵ ͵ ͻͻǤ͸ͻ ͳʹ ͳͲ
ͷ ͳͶͷǤͷ ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤͺ͸ ͵ ͻ͸ǤͲͲ Ͷͷ ͳͷ
͸ ͳͶ͹Ǥͷ ͵ǤͲ ͲǤ͸ͳ ͵ ͻ͹Ǥ͹ͷ ͵ͳ ͳͶ
͹ ͳͶͺ ͵ǤͲ ͲǤͶ͵ ͵ ͻͻǤͺ͹ ʹ͵ ͳͲ
ͺ ͳͶͺǤͷ ͵ǤͲ ͲǤ͸͹ ͵ ͻͻǤͶʹ ͳͶ ͺ
ͻ ͳͷͲǤͷ ͵Ǥ͵ ͲǤ͸Ͷ ͵ ͻ͹Ǥ͸ͻ ͵͸ ʹͲ
ͳͲ ͳͶͻǤͷ ͵Ǥ͵ ͲǤͷ͵ ͵ ͻ͹Ǥ͵Ͳ ʹͳ ͳͷ
ͳͳ ͳͷͲ ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤ͵͵ ͵ ͻͻǤʹ͵ ͳ͹ ͳͳ
ͳʹ ͳͶͻ ͵Ǥʹ ͲǤͺ͵ ͵ ͻͻǤ͸ͳ ͳʹ ͳͲ



Wetting Time Profile

ʹͷ

ʹͲ
Time ( Sec )

ͳͷ

ͳͲ

Ͳ
ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ ͷ ͸ ͹ ͺ ͻ ͳͲ ͳͳ ͳʹ

Formulation Code

Figure 14:‡––‹‰–‹‡’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡

™‡”‡„‡Ž‘™ͳΨƒ†Š‡ ‡’ƒ••‡•–Š‡–‡•–ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡ ™‡––‹‰ –‹‡ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ™‡”‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ Ž‹‹–•Ǥ Š‡
•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ ”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ
 
4. Thickness 7. Disintegration Time
Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡†‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹ ‡••‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͳ Š‡†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘–‹‡™ƒ•–Š‡–‹‡–ƒ‡„›–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡––‘
–‘ ͳʹ ”ƒ‰‡† ˆ”‘ ͵ǤŠ‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ „”‡ƒ †‘™ ‹ –‘ •ƒŽŽ ’ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ǡ ‹ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ‘ˆ
ƒ„Ž‡–•‘ˆƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡‘ˆ—‹ˆ‘”•‹œ‡ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–• ƒ“—‡‘—• ‡†‹—Ǥ – ˜ƒ”‹‡• ™‹–Š –›’‡ ƒ† ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ
ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ –Š‡ •—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–• ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ
Š‡†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘–‹‡ˆ‘”ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ
5. Drug Content ͸ǡ ͹ǡ ͺǡ ͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳƒ† ͳʹ™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘„‡͵ͺǡʹͻǡʹʹǡ
Š‡ —‹ˆ‘”‹–› ‹ –Š‡ †”—‰ ‘–‡– ‹• ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ͳʹǡ Ͷͷǡ ͵ͳǡ ʹ͵ǡ ͳͶǡ ͵͸ǡ ʹͳǡ ͳ͹ǡ ͳʹ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–•
‡ƒ•—”‡ǤŠ‡ ‘–‡–—‹ˆ‘”‹–›™ƒ•ˆ‘—†™‹–Š‹ͻ͸ǤͲͲΨ ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ –‹‡ ˆ‘” –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ
–‘ͻͻǤͺ͹Ψ‘ˆ–Š‡͹ͷ‰‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‹†‹ ƒ–‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ Ž‹‹–• ™‡”‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡
–Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘–‡–• ˆ‘” –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ™‡”‡ ’‡”‹••‹„Ž‡ Ž‹‹–•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹†‹ ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ
—‹ˆ‘” ƒ† ‘–ƒ‹• –Š‡”ƒ’‡—–‹  †‘•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ –‹˜‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡“—‹ Ž›ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹
‹‰”‡†‹‡–ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ ƒ„Ž‡ͶǤ
 
6. Wetting Time 8. Dissolution Study
Š‡ ™‡––‹‰ –‹‡ ‹†‹ ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡in-vitro†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •™‡”‡•–—†‹‡†‹’ 
•—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–•–‘ƒ„•‘”„™ƒ–‡”ƒ† ‘’Ž‡–‡Ž›™‡––Š‡ ͸Ǥͺ Š‘•’Šƒ–‡ „—ˆˆ‡” ˆ‘” ͵Ͳ ‹ —•‹‰  –›’‡Ǧͳͳ
–ƒ„Ž‡– ƒ– –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž‹‡•– –‹‡ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ™‡”‡ –Š‡ †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ’’ƒ”ƒ–—•Ǥ In-vitro †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ †ƒ–ƒ ‘ˆ
•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • ‘ˆ ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–•Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ–ǡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ ƒ† Ͷ
–ƒ„Ž‡– ™ƒ• ‹‹— ™‡––‹‰ –‹‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‡ƒ„Ž‡ ˆƒ•–‡” ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ͺͶǤ͵ͺΨǡ ͻ͵ǤͻʹΨǡ ͻͺǤͷ͸Ψ ƒ† ͻͻǤͺʹΨ †”—‰
†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡–•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ– ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ™‹–Š‹ ͵Ͳ ‹Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ Ͷ ™‹–Š
”‹–‡”‹ƒ ˆ‘” ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–Ǥ Š‡ ™‡––‹‰ –‹‡ ˆ‘” ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳͷΨ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ –Š‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ǡ ͺǡ ͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳƒ† „‡•– ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ”—‰ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ͻͻǤͺʹ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• –Š‡
ͳʹ™‡”‡ˆ‘—†–‘„‡ͳͺǡͳͻǡͳͶǡͳͲǡͳͷǡͳͶǡͳͲǡͺǡʹͲǡͳͷǡ Š‹‰Š‡•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘—” ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ”ƒ’Š ‹• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰—”‡
ͳͳǡͳͲ•‡ ‘†•”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡•‡”‡•—Ž–•‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡ ͳͷǤ

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵ 8 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†

ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ —„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   

Table 5: In-Vitro Dissolution Data of Formulation F1, F2, F3 and F4 (Crospovidone)

Percentage Cumulative Drug Release ( % )

S. No. Time (min )
F1 F2 F3 F4
1 Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ
2 ͷ ͳ͹ǤͶͷ ͵ͶǤ͵͸ ͵͸ǤͷͲ ͵ͶǤͺ͵
3 ͳͲ ͵ͶǤͷ͸ ͶʹǤͷʹ ͶͶǤͲ͸ ͷͻǤͷ͵
4 ͳͷ ͶͷǤͶ͸ ͷͺǤͶ͵ ͹ʹǤ͹Ͳ ͺ͸Ǥ͵͵
5 ʹͲ ͸ͲǤ͵Ͷ ͹͵Ǥʹͺ ͺ͹Ǥͷͻ ͻͷǤͶͷ
6 ʹͷ ͹͸Ǥ͸ʹ ͺͶǤ͹ͷ ͻͺǤͳͶ ͻͺǤͳͺ
7 ͵Ͳ ͺͶǤ͵ͺ ͻ͵Ǥͻʹ ͻͺǤͷ͸ ͻͻǤͺʹ

Table 6: In-Vitro Dissolution Data of Formulations F5, F6, F7 and F8 (Xanthan Gum)

Percentage Cumulative Drug Release ( % )

S. No. Time (min )
F5 F6 F7 F8
ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ
ʹ ͷ ͳͲǤͺ͵ ͳʹǤͳ͵ ͳ͹Ǥͷ͵ ͳ͵Ǥͻͻ
͵ ͳͲ ʹͳǤ͸ͳ ʹͷǤͳͳ ͵ͺǤ͵ͷ ʹͺǤ͵ͳ
Ͷ ͳͷ ͵ͶǤͺͶ ͶͲǤ͹ʹ ͶͺǤͲ͸ ͶͲǤͲ͹
ͷ ʹͲ Ͷ͹Ǥʹ͹ ͷͻǤ͹ʹ ͸ͻǤ͸͸ ͷͺǤ͵͵
͸ ʹͷ ͸ͲǤͲͷ ͺͷǤ͵ͺ ͺͺǤͲ͵ ͺ͵ǤͺͲ
͹ ͵Ͳ ͺ͵Ǥͻͺ ͺͺǤͳ͹ ͻͺǤʹ͹ ͻ͸ǤͶ͸
 

In vitro drug release profile

ͳʹͲ
ͳͲͲ
% Drug Release

ͺͲ
͸Ͳ
ͶͲ
ʹͲ
Ͳ
Ͳ ͷ ͳͲ ͳͷ ʹͲ ʹͷ ͵Ͳ ͵ͷ

Time (min)
ͳ ʹ ͵ Ͷ
Figure 15: In-vitro†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ƒ† Ͷȋ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡Ȍ

In vitro drug release profile

ͳʹͲ
ͳͲͲ
% Drug Release

ͺͲ
͸Ͳ
ͶͲ
ʹͲ
Ͳ
Ͳ ͷ ͳͲ ͳͷ ʹͲ ʹͷ ͵Ͳ ͵ͷ

Time (min)

ͷ ͸ ͹ ͺ

Figure 16: In-vitro †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ƒ† ͺȋƒ–Šƒ —Ȍ

Š‡in-vitro†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •™‡”‡•–—†‹‡†‹
’  ͸Ǥͺ Š‘•’Šƒ–‡ „—ˆˆ‡” ˆ‘” ͵Ͳ ‹ —•‹‰  –›’‡Ǧͳͳ
†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ’’ƒ”ƒ–—•Ǥ In-vitro †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ †ƒ–ƒ ‘ˆ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ •Š‘™‡† –Šƒ–ǡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͷǡ ͸ǡ ͹ ƒ† ͺ
”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ͺ͵ǤͻͺΨǡ ͺͺǤͳ͹Ψǡ ͻͺǤͳ͹Ψ ƒ† ͻ͸ǤͶ͸Ψ †”—‰
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ™‹–Š‹ ͵Ͳ ‹Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͹ ™‹–Š
‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳʹΨ ƒ–Šƒ ‰— ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ –Š‡
„‡•– ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ”—‰ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ͻͺǤʹ͹ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• –Š‡
Š‹‰Š‡•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘—” ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ”ƒ’Š ‹• •Š‘™ ‹ ‹‰—”‡
ͳ͸Ǥ

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵ 9 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†

ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ —„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   

Table 7: In-Vitro Dissolution Data of Formulations F9, F10, F11 and F12 (Crospvidone + Xanthan Gum)

Percentage Cumulative Drug Release ( % )

S. No. Time (min )
F9 F10 F11 F12
ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ
ʹ ͷ ͵͵ǤͻͲ ͵͵ǤͺͶ ͵ͶǤʹ͸ ͵ͻǤͶ͸
͵ ͳͲ Ͷ͵Ǥ͸ͳ Ͷ͵Ǥͷ͸ ͶͷǤ͸͵ Ͷ͸Ǥ͵ͺ
Ͷ ͳͷ ͷ͵Ǥ͵͵ ͷͶǤͲͲ ͷ͸ǤͲ͹ ͹ͻǤͷͲ
ͷ ʹͲ ͸͵Ǥ͸ͻ ͸͹ǤͺͲ ͹ͺǤͶ͸ ͻ͵Ǥͳʹ
͸ ʹͷ ͹ͺǤͷͳ ͹ͺǤͻʹ ͺͺǤ͸ͳ ͻͻǤͺͶ
͹ ͵Ͳ ͺͺǤ͸ͳ ͺͻǤ͵Ͳ ͻͷǤ͵ͺ 

Table 8: In-Vitro Dissolution Data of Formulations F1 to F12

S. Time Percentage Cumulative Drug Release ( % )

No. (min ) F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12
ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ
ʹ ͷ ͳ͹ǤͶͷ ͵ͶǤ͵͸ ͵͸ǤͷͲ ͵ͶǤͺ͵ ͳͲǤͺ͵ ͳʹǤͳ͵ ͳ͹Ǥͷ͵ ͳ͵Ǥͻͻ ͵͵ǤͻͲ ͵͵ǤͺͶ ͵ͶǤʹ͸ ͵ͻǤͶ͸
͵ ͳͲ ͵ͶǤͷ͸ ͶʹǤͷʹ ͶͶǤͲ͸ ͷͻǤͷ͵ ʹͳǤ͸ͳ ʹͷǤͳͳ ͵ͺǤ͵ͷ ʹͺǤ͵ͳ Ͷ͵Ǥ͸ͳ Ͷ͵Ǥͷ͸ ͶͷǤ͸͵ Ͷ͸Ǥ͵ͺ
Ͷ ͳͷ ͶͷǤͶ͸ ͷͺǤͶ͵ ͹ʹǤ͹Ͳ ͺ͸Ǥ͵͵ ͵ͶǤͺͶ ͶͲǤ͹ʹ ͶͺǤͲ͸ ͶͲǤͲ͹ ͷ͵Ǥ͵͵ ͷͶǤͲͲ ͷ͸ǤͲ͹ ͹ͻǤͷͲ
ͷ ʹͲ ͸ͲǤ͵Ͷ ͹͵Ǥʹͺ ͺ͹Ǥͷͻ ͻͷǤͶͷ Ͷ͹Ǥʹ͹ ͷͻǤ͹ʹ ͸ͻǤ͸͸ ͷͺǤ͵͵ ͸͵Ǥ͸ͻ ͸͹ǤͺͲ ͹ͺǤͶ͸ ͻ͵Ǥͳʹ
͸ ʹͷ ͹͸Ǥ͸ʹ ͺͶǤ͹ͷ ͻͺǤͳͶ ͻͺǤͳͺ ͸ͲǤͲͷ ͺͷǤ͵ͺ ͺͺǤͲ͵ ͺ͵ǤͺͲ ͹ͺǤͷͳ ͹ͺǤͻʹ ͺͺǤ͸ͳ ͻͻǤͺͶ
͹ ͵Ͳ ͺͶǤ͵ͺ ͻ͵Ǥͻʹ ͻͺǤͷ͸ ͻͻǤͺʹ ͺ͵Ǥͻͺ ͺͺǤͳ͹ ͻͺǤʹ͹ ͻ͸ǤͶ͸ ͺͺǤ͸ͳ ͺͻǤ͵Ͳ ͻͷǤ͵ͺ ͻͻǤͻͻ


In vitro drug release profile

ͳʹͲ

ͳͲͲ
% Drug Release

ͺͲ

͸Ͳ

ͶͲ

ʹͲ

Ͳ
Ͳ ͷ ͳͲ ͳͷ ʹͲ ʹͷ ͵Ͳ ͵ͷ
Time (min)
ͻ ͳͲ ͳͳ ͳʹ

Figure 17:In-vitro †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳƒ† ͳʹ


Figure 18: In-vitro †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͳ–‘ ͳʹ

Š‡in-vitro†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •™‡”‡•–—†‹‡†‹
’  ͸Ǥͺ Š‘•’Šƒ–‡ „—ˆˆ‡” ˆ‘” ͵Ͳ ‹ —•‹‰  –›’‡Ǧͳͳ
†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ’’ƒ”ƒ–—•Ǥ In-vitro †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘ †ƒ–ƒ ‘ˆ
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•Š‘™‡†–Šƒ–ǡˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͻǡ ͳͲǡ ͳͳƒ† ͳʹ
”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ͺͺǤ͸ͳΨǡ ͺͻǤ͵ͲΨǡ ͻͷǤ͵ͺΨ ƒ† ͻͻǤͺͶΨ †”—‰

”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ™‹–Š‹ ͵Ͳ ‹ǤŠ‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ͳʹ ™‹–Š
‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳͷΨ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ Ϊƒ–Šƒ ‰— ™ƒ•
ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ –Š‡ „‡•– ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ”—‰ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ͻͻǤͺͶ
™‹–Š‹ ʹͷ ‹ ™Š‹ Š ™ƒ• –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‘—”
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ”ƒ’Š‹••Š‘™‹ ‹‰—”‡ͳ͹Ǥ

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵ 10 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†

ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ —„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹
   
Š‡†‹••‘Ž—–‹‘•–—†‹‡•™‡”‡’‡”ˆ‘”‡†–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡
”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡†”—‰ǡ™Š‹ Š”‡Žƒ–‡•–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ
†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ˆ”‘‹–•†‘•ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ–‹‡Ǥ
Š‡ •—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–• ™‡”‡ ƒ††‡† –‘ –Š‡ •‘Ž‹† †‘•ƒ‰‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• –‘ ‡Šƒ ‡ –Š‡ †‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ –‹‡ ƒ†
–Š‡”‡„›‡Šƒ ‹‰–Š‡ˆƒ•–‡””‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‘ˆƒ –‹˜‡†”—‰ˆ”‘‹–•
†‘•ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘”Ǥ Š‡ †‡•‹”‡† “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–•
™ƒ• –‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ƒš‹— ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡”ƒ’‡—–‹  †‘•‡ ƒ– ƒ
˜‡”›‹‹ƒŽ–‹‡’‡”‹‘†ǤŠ‡ƒš‹—†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ƒ–ƒ
–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ͵Ͳ‹—–‡•‹•‘–‡†ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Š‡†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ˆ‘”–ƒ„Ž‡–•‘ˆƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•”ƒ‰‡•ˆ”‘
ͺͶǤ͵ͺ–‘ͻͻǤͺͶ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‹†‹ ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡†”—‰ ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‘ˆ
ƒŽŽ –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ͺͲ Ψ ‹ ͵Ͳ
‹—–‡•ǤŠ‡”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ ”ƒ–‡‘ˆ–Š‡•—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–•™ƒ•‹
–Š‡‘”†‡”‘ˆ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ǡƒ–Šƒ‰—ƒ†”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡
Ϊƒ–Šƒ‰—ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡•—ƒ”‹•‡†‹ƒ„Ž‡͸ǤŠ‡
”‘ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘„–ƒ‹‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’‘•– ‘’”‡••‹‘
•–—†‹‡• ‘ˆ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ͳʹ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘
ͳʹ ™‹–Š ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳͷΨ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ Ϊ ƒ–Šƒ
‰— ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ „‡ –Š‡ „‡•– ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ
†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ –‹‡ ‘ˆ ͳʹ•‡ •ǡ ™‡––‹‰ –‹‡ ‘ˆ ͳͲ•‡ • ƒ†
†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‘ˆͻͻǤͺͶ™‹–Š‹ʹͷ‹™Š‹ Š™ƒ•–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–
‘ˆƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͺǤ
 ƒ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ˜‡Žƒˆƒš‹‡ Š›†”‘ ŠŽ‘”‹†‡ ‘”‘†‹•’‡”•‹„Ž‡
CONCLUSION
– ™ƒ• ‘ Ž—†‡†ǡ –Šƒ– ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ƒ „‡ •— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡† ƒ• ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–• —•‹‰
•—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–• ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ǡ šƒ–Šƒ ‰— ƒ†
”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡Ϊšƒ–Šƒ‰—‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘•ȋ͸ǡ
ͻǡ ͳʹ ƒ† ͳͷΨȌ „› †‹”‡ – ‘’”‡••‹‘ ‡–Š‘†Ǥ Š‡
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰ ͳͷΨ ‘ˆ ”‘•’‘˜‹†‘‡ Ϊ šƒ–Šƒ
‰—ȋ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘Ȍƒ••—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–•™ƒ•ˆ‘—†–‘„‡
‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ –Šƒ ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘• ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ
†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ –‹‡ ƒ† ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ †‹••‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ   –Š‹•
ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘†”—‰”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‘ˆͻͻǤͺͶ™‹–Š‹ʹͷ‹™Š‹ Š™ƒ•
–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–‘ˆƒŽŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•
 ʹͲͳ͵Ǥ
REFERENCES
ͳǤ ƒ‰ƒŽǡŠƒ—” ǡƒ•ƒŽǤ ƒ•–†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–ǣƒ
ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ˆ‘” ‡‡”‰‡ › –”‡ƒ–‡–Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ
‡•‡ƒ” Š‹›—”˜‡†ƒƒ†Šƒ”ƒ ›ǡ͵ȋ͵Ȍǣ͵͹͹Ǧ͵ͺͲǡʹͲͳʹǤ
ʹǤ ‹‰Š  ǡ ƒ•‹Š ǡ —ƒ” Ǥ ƒ•– ‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ ƒ„Ž‡–•ǣ 
‡˜‹‡™Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ —””‡– Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ
‡•‡ƒ” ŠǡͻȋʹȌǣͺǦͳͺǡʹͲͳ͹Ǥ
͵Ǥ ‹††‹“—‹  ǡ ƒ”‰ ǡ Šƒ”ƒ  Ǥ ƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–•ǣ
’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘ǡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ǣƒ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™Ǥ –
‘ˆŠ ‡˜ƒ†‡•ǡͶȋʹȌǣͺ͹Ǧͻ͸ǡʹͲͳͲǤ
ͶǤ ƒ˜‹‡•ǤŠƒ”ƒ ‘‹‡–‹ •‘ˆ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹”ǣƒ‘”ƒŽƒ–‹˜‹”ƒŽ
ˆ‘” –Š‡ –”‡ƒ–‡– ƒ† ’”‘’Š›Žƒš‹• ‘ˆ ‹ˆŽ—‡œƒ ‹ †‹˜‡”•‡
’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ –‹‹ ”‘„‹ƒŽ Š‡‘–Š‡”ƒ’›ǡ ʹȋͳȌǣͷǦ
ͳͲǡʹͲͳͲǤ
ͷǤ •™ƒ”‹›ƒ  ǡ —ƒ ǡ Š”‹•Šƒǡ ‘Œƒ Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘•‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰
–ƒ„Ž‡–• —•‹‰ •—’‡” †‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–•Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ
Šƒ”ƒ ›ƒ†Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ͸ȋͳȌǣʹ͵Ǧ͵ͲǡʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

˜‡–‹ƒ’‹†ǣŠƒ”‡ Š‘ŽǤʹͲʹͲǡ ••—‡͵
ȏ Ͳͻ͹͸Ǧ͵͹ͺ͵Ȑ
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͸Ǥ Šƒ–—  ǡ ƒ‡ Ǥ Š‡ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• —•‡† ˆ‘” †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰
‘”ƒŽŽ›†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–•ǣ”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ –ƒŠƒ”ǡ͸ͳȋͳȌǣͳͳ͹Ǧ
ͳ͵ͻǡʹͲͳͳǤ
͹Ǥ —”‡†”ƒ  ǡ ›‡”  Ǥ ƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡– —•‹‰ •‘Ž‹†
†‹•’‡”•‹‘ –‡ Š‹“—‡ǣ ƒ ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™Ǥ †‘ ‡”‹ ƒ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ
Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ‡•‡ƒ” ŠǡͷȋʹȌǣ͸͸ͺǦ͸͹ʹǡʹͲͳͷǤ
ͺǤ ƒ–’—–‡ǡ‘—”Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹Ǧ˜‹–”‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
ˆƒ•–†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–‘ˆ‡–”‘’”’Ž‘Ž–ƒ”–”ƒ–‡Ǥ”ƒœ‹Ž‹ƒ ‘—”ƒŽ
‘ˆ’Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ ‹‡ ‡•ǡͶͻȋͶȌǣ͹ͺͶǦ͹ͻͳǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥ
ͻǤ ƒ†Šƒ˜  ǡ ƒ—†‡™ƒ”  ǡ ƒ‹™ƒ”  ǡ ƒ†Šƒ˜  ǡ
•Š‹”•ƒ‰ƒ” ǡƒƒ”ƒ”Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
†‹•’‡”•‹„Ž‡ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ †‹Ž–‹ƒœ‡ Š›†”‘ ŠŽ‘”‹†‡Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
‘—”ƒŽ‘ˆŠƒ”‡ Š‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ͵ȋ͵Ȍǣͳ͵ͳͶȂͳ͵ʹͳǡʹͲͳͳǤ
ͳͲǤ ‡–‡”ǡ—ƒ”ǡƒ–Šƒǡƒ†Š‡‡ǡƒŠ‘‘Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘
ƒ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘”‘†‹•’‡”•‹„Ž‡ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ Ž‘”‘š‹ ƒǤ
–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ ”—‰ ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† ‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ
͵ȋͳȌǣʹͺͳȂʹͺͷǡʹͲͳͳǤ
ͳͳǤ ”›ƒ ǡ Šƒ”ƒ ǡ —ƒ” ǡ Šƒ†”ƒ  ƒ† ƒ‹•™ƒŽ Ǥ
‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘—–Š †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ
”ƒ‹–‹†‹‡ Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‘ˆŠƒ”‡ Š‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ
ʹȋʹȌǣͳͷ͹ͶȂͳͷ͹͹ǡʹͲͳͲǤ
ͳʹǤ ƒ”ƒ”ǡƒ”‹ƒ ǡƒ ƒ† ƒŽ†—Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘
ƒ† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †‘’‡”‹†‘‡ ˆƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–•Ǥ
–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ Šƒ”‡ Š ‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ ͳȋ͵ȌǣͶͺ͵ȂͶͺ͹ǡ
ʹͲͲͻǤ
ͳ͵Ǥ ‡–Š‹Žƒ–Šƒ ǡ —’‡ƒ‰—–ƒ Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
–ƒ„Ž‡–•Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ  ‹‡ ‡ ƒ†
‡•‡ƒ” ŠǡʹȋͶȌǣͻͳ͵ȂͻʹͳǡʹͲͳͳǤ
ͳͶǤ —’–ƒ  Ǥ ƒ•– †‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–Ǧ ƒ ”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ Š‡ Šƒ”ƒ
‘˜ƒ–‹‘ǡͳȋͳȌǣͳǦ͸ǡʹͲͳʹǤ
ͳͷǤ ƒ‡Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆƒ•–†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–
‘ˆƒŽ„‡†ƒœ‘Ž‡Ǥ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ—””‡– Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽǡ
ͳȋͳͲȌǣ͵ͳͳǦ͵ͳ͸ǡʹͲͳʹǤ
ͳ͸Ǥ ”ƒ˜ƒ‹ ǡ ƒ‹ŽƒŒƒ  Ǥ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ˆƒ•–
†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ –ƒ„Ž‡–• ‘ˆ ˆ‡Ž‘†‹’‹‡Ǥ  ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ Šƒ”ƒ ›ǡ
͸ȋ͹ȌǣͳͲͶǦͳͳʹǡʹͲͳ͸Ǥ
ͳ͹Ǥ Š‘–ƒ‹ǡ—–Šƒ”ǡŠƒŠǢ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆˆƒ•–†‹••‘Ž˜‹‰–ƒ„Ž‡–•‘ˆ‘†ƒ•‡–”‘„›•‘Ž‹††‹•’‡”•‹‘‹
•—’‡”†‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–•Ǥ Šƒ”ƒ ‡—–‹ ƒŽ ‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ Ͷʹȋ͵ȌǣͶͻǦͷͶǡ

Acknowledgment
‡ƒ”‡–Šƒˆ—Ž–‘‘—”’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ”Ǥƒ–‹Ž•‹”’”‘˜‹†‹‰–Š‡
ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ† ‘–‹—‘—•Ž›•—’’‘”– –‘ ƒ””›‘—––Š‹•‡•‡ƒ” Š
”‘‰”ƒ‡Ǥ Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”• ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ –Šƒˆ—Ž –‘ ”Ǥ ƒƒ”ƒ†
—Žƒ”‹ǡ  ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ‹•–”—‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‡–”‡ǡ —›ƒ•ŠŽ‘
Š‹Ž›ƒ†‡˜‹ ‘Žƒ”‘Žƒ’—”‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ‘Žƒ’—”Ǥ


 Cite this article as:ƒ–‹Žǡ–—ŽŠƒ–ƒǡŠ”‹•Šƒ‹Ž
 Š—”‰Š—”‡ et alǤ ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† In-Vitro
 Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‡Ž–ƒ‹˜‹” ƒ•– ‹••‘Ž˜‹‰ ƒ„Ž‡–•
 •‹‰ —’‡” ‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–•Ǥ ˜‡–‹ ƒ’‹†ǣ Šƒ” ‡ Šǡ
 ʹͲʹͲȋ͵ȌǣͳǦͳͳǡʹͲʹͲǤ


11 ʹͲʹͲ’’–͵ͳͶͺʹ ̹ ˜‡–‹ ‘—”ƒŽ•ȋȌ–†
—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘‡„ʹ͸ȀͲͶȀʹͲʹͲǡ™™™Ǥ‹˜‡–‹Ǥ‹