HakaGerodur

Technical
TechnischesHandbook
Handbuch

GEROtherm®®Erdwärmesysteme
GEROtherm Geothermal Systems
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kaGerodur
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Table of Contents – Technical Manual for HakaGerodur AG Geothermal Systems

1. Fundamentals of geothermal energy................................................................................................................................ 3

2. General................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1. Meaning of symbols............................................................................................................................................................................4
2.2. Planning and execution.......................................................................................................................................................................4
2.3. Correct use............................................................................................................................................................................................4
2.4. Warranty................................................................................................................................................................................................4
2.5. Notes......................................................................................................................................................................................................4
2.6. Quality mark..........................................................................................................................................................................................4
2.7. Disposal..................................................................................................................................................................................................4
3. HakaGerodur GEROtherm® systems................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1. GEROtherm® geothermal probes / GEROtherm® PUSH.................................................................................................................5
3.2. GEROtherm® coaxial probes...............................................................................................................................................................6
3.3. GEROtherm® soil collectors................................................................................................................................................................6
3.4. GEROtherm® energy piles...................................................................................................................................................................7
3.5. GEROtherm® manholes.......................................................................................................................................................................7
3.5.1. GEROtherm® small manholes................................................................................................................................................8
3.5.2. GEROtherm® manhole types 1 / 2 / 3 / 4............................................................................................................................9
3.5.2.1. Order forms for GEROtherm® Manhole types 1 / 2 / 3 / 4.........................................................................10
3.6. Technical data for GEROtherm® geothermal probes....................................................................................................................10
3.6.1. Technical data for GEROtherm® VARIO.............................................................................................................................12
3.6.1.1. Internal pressure resistance..............................................................................................................................12
3.6.1.2. Buckling pressure resistance............................................................................................................................12
3.6.1.3. Installation..........................................................................................................................................................12
3.6.1.4. Hydraulic pressure loss.....................................................................................................................................12
3.6.1.5. Calculation example showing energy savings with GEROtherm® VARIO................................................13
3.6.2. Technical data for GEROtherm® FLUX...............................................................................................................................13
3.6.2.1. Internal pressure resistance..............................................................................................................................13
3.6.2.2. Installation..........................................................................................................................................................13
3.6.2.3. Hydraulic pressure loss.....................................................................................................................................14
3.6.2.4. Borehole resistance with GEROtherm® FLUX................................................................................................14
3.6.2.5. Calculation example showing energy savings with GEROtherm® FLUX...................................................15
3.6.2.6. Thermal Response Test (TRT)...........................................................................................................................15
3.7. Technical data for GEROtherm® energy piles................................................................................................................................16
3.8. Chemical resistance...........................................................................................................................................................................17
3.9. Pipe series............................................................................................................................................................................................17
3.10. Pressure stages ..................................................................................................................................................................................17
4. Planning and installation of GEROtherm® geothermal probe systems......................................................................... 18
4.1. Planning basics...................................................................................................................................................................................18
4.1.1. Specifications for HakaGerodur AG geothermal systems...............................................................................................18
4.1.2. General planning information.............................................................................................................................................18
4.1.3. Dimensioning of GEROtherm® geothermal probe systems............................................................................................18
4.1.4. Design of SAVE collectors / distributors............................................................................................................................19
4.2. Installation of GEROtherm® geothermal probe systems..............................................................................................................20
4.2.1. General installation guidelines............................................................................................................................................20
4.2.2. Transport / storage of GEROtherm® geothermal probes and components.................................................................21
4.2.3. Sinking GEROtherm® geothermal probes ........................................................................................................................21
4.2.4. GEOtight® fabric packer.......................................................................................................................................................21
4.2.4.1. Possible applications.........................................................................................................................................22
4.2.4.2. Description of components..............................................................................................................................22
4.2.4.3. Installation instructions.....................................................................................................................................22
4.2.4.4. Installation examples .......................................................................................................................................23
4.2.4.5. More information..............................................................................................................................................24
4.2.5. Test procedure after sinking (pressure test / flow test as per SIA 384 / 6:2010)........................................................24
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4.2.6. Leak test as perSIA 384/6 (issue: 2010) ...........................................................................................................................24

4.2.7. Backfilling the borehole.......................................................................................................................................................25

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5. Planning / installation regulations for soil collectors..................................................................................................... 25

6. Planning / installation regulations for energy piles....................................................................................................... 26
7. Installation of HakaGerodur SAVE collectors / distributors and manholes.................................................................. 26
7.1. Installation of HakaGerodur SAVE collectors / distributors.........................................................................................................26
7.2. Installation of HakaGerodur manholes...........................................................................................................................................27
7.2.1. Certificate of conformity......................................................................................................................................................27
7.2.2. Explications avant le montage............................................................................................................................................27
7.2.3. Caractéristiques du sol.........................................................................................................................................................27
7.2.4. Foundation.............................................................................................................................................................................27
7.2.5. Groundwater / Negative buoyancy....................................................................................................................................27
7.2.6. Earthwork...............................................................................................................................................................................27
7.2.7. Traffic loads............................................................................................................................................................................28
7.2.8. General...................................................................................................................................................................................28
8. Connecting pipes to the collector / distributor............................................................................................................... 28
9. Filling the GEROtherm® geothermal system and pressure testing................................................................................ 29
10. Operation of GEROtherm® geothermal systems............................................................................................................. 30
11. Maintenance of GEROtherm® geothermal systems........................................................................................................ 30
12. Shutting down geothermal systems................................................................................................................................ 30
13. Tables / Diagrams.............................................................................................................................................................. 31
13.1. Calculation of pressure loss in the brine circuit.............................................................................................................................31
13.1.1. Definition of the sample project.........................................................................................................................................31
13.1.2. Calculation of brine volume in the system........................................................................................................................31
13.1.3. Calculation of pressure loss in the system........................................................................................................................31
13.2. Pressure loss tables............................................................................................................................................................................32
13.2.1. Pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S5, SDR 11, PN 16..................................................................................................32
13.2.2. Pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S4, SDR 9, PN 20.....................................................................................................34
13.3. Long-period internal pressure diagram PE100..............................................................................................................................35
13.4. Diagram of relative pressure loss.....................................................................................................................................................36
13.5. Diagram of frost-proofness..............................................................................................................................................................36
13.6. Diagram of conductivity....................................................................................................................................................................37
13.7. Coil dimensions of roll packages.....................................................................................................................................................38
13.7.1. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 166...............................................................................................................38
13.7.2. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 20..................................................................................................................39
13.7.3. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes VARIO.................................................................................................................39
13.7.4. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes FLUX...................................................................................................................40
13.7.5. Coil dimensions of injection pipes......................................................................................................................................41
13.8. Drilling log template..........................................................................................................................................................................42
13.9. Sample test and acceptance report.................................................................................................................................................43
13.10. Sample record for the heated coil welding of pipes....................................................................................................................44
14. Certificates for GEROtherm® geothermal systems.......................................................................................................... 45
14.1. SKZ........................................................................................................................................................................................................45
14.2. Kiwa – Komo......................................................................................................................................................................................46
14.3. ISO 9001:2008...................................................................................................................................................................................47
15. Appendix............................................................................................................................................................................ 48
15.1. Table of figures...................................................................................................................................................................................48
15.2. List of tables........................................................................................................................................................................................49
16. HakaGerodur AG sites....................................................................................................................................................... 50
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2
 Technical Manual
1. Fundamentals of geothermal
energy
Geothermal energy is the energy that
is stored in the form of heat under the
Earth‘s solid surface.
30 – 50% of this energy originates from
the time of the Earth‘s creation and can
be described as the residual heat of the
processes that took place at that time. The
main part, around 50 – 70%, is the result
of the continuous decay of radioactive
elements in the Earth‘s interior; a small
remainder is due to direct sunlight and/
or the indirect heat exchange with the air
or rainwater seeping through the Earth‘s
surface.
Temperature fluctuations during the cour-
se of a day can be detected down to a
depth of around 50 cm, while seasonal
differences can be found down to depths
of 10 – 20 metres. The soil temperature
below 20 metres is virtually constant. In
Central Europe, the soil temperature at
this depth is approximately 11 to 12°C.
Below this, the area with definable geo-
thermal gradients unaffected by the sur-
face starts – in other words, the area with
a constant increase in temperature with
increasing depth (around 3K per 100
metres). The temperature at a depth of
500 m in the Earth‘s mantle is a constant
25 – 30°C and 35 – 45°C at a depth of
1000 m. Geothermal energy is becoming
increasingly important, as the primary
energy is obtained through the utilisation
of an inexhaustible, regenerative energy
source. It has therefore become a bea-
y -sur
erg
a l en
rm
o the
ge
ep
De
Usage of mine water
Thermal water
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Figure 1: Overview of geothermal energy
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con of hope for the supply of energy. It The improved insulation standards for
can be used to replace fossil fuels, like oil new buildings (Minergie / Passive house
and gas, and will considerably reduce the standard) provide good prerequisites for
emissions of CO2. heat pumps, as lower flow temperatures
in the heating circuit are needed to ser-
Geothermal energy can be exploited as a vice the reduced need for heating. The
regenerative energy source through the efficiency and therefore the cost-effec-
use of geothermal probes. By means of a tiveness of geothermal systems is on the
rise. The cost of a brine-water heat pump
heat carrier (generally a water / glycol mix-
ture) and using a heat pump, geothermal system is also falling with lower heat re-
quirements. The same applies to buildings
energy can be made available for the he-
ating of buildings and for the production in which insulation is retrofitted.
of hot water. Heat pumps and geothermal
probes can also be used for the air con-
ditioning of buildings, by releasing excess
room heat into the subsoil.
It is now possible to air condition buildings
using geothermal probes, geothermal
energy storage and energy piles, without
the need to make use of energy-intensive
chillers. When you consider both possib-
le uses – heating and cooling – from an
economical aspect, the geothermal soluti-
on becomes even more efficient and eco-
nomically attractive. The savings that can
be made currently lie at around 30 – 45%
compared to oilboilers and
20 – 30% compared to gas-conden-
sing boilers. Combined brine-water heat
pumps use a very high percentage of re-
newable energy in the form of geothermal
energy to provide heat. 100% of the ther-
mal energy comes from 75% geothermal
energy and 25% drive energy. Brine-water
heat pumps therefore use energy for he-
ating, cooling and the production of hot
water in an extremely efficient manner.
Near
f ac
eg
eo
t he
rm
al
e
Geothermal probes
ne
Ground collector
r gy
Energy piles
Earth crust
Storage
Upper mantle
Sub-mantle
Outer core
rc
Inne ore
3
Technical Manual
Figure 2: Energy balance of near-surface geothermal energy
With near-surface geothermal energy,
geothermal heat is available in a suffi-
cient quantity to us all. This means that
everyone can make use of heat from the
Earth for the heating and cooling of indi-
vidual houses as well as whole apartment
blocks. Even large office and commercial
buildings can be air conditioned in this
way with ease. Although near-surface
geothermal energy is available everywhe-
re, its utilisation is not possible in cases
where boreholes cannot be drilled due to
groundwater- protection regulations.
The advantage of using near-surface geo-
thermal energy as a heat source is that no
additional heating system is needed. The
heat provided from just the heat pump is
fully sufficient to heat and cool detached
and semi-detached houses, as well as lar-
ge buildings, such as apartment blocks or
commercial and industrial properties. The
energy is available locally and there is no
need to transport the heating fuel, which i
produces CO2 emissions in turn.
4
2. General
2.1. Meaning of symbols
II Attention must be observed for cor-
rect and proper implementation.
)) Please observe the information!
2.2. Planning and execution
II All geothermal systems must be de-
signed and installed in line with
SIA 384 / 6 2010 or VDI Directive
4640.
2.3. Correct use
GEROtherm® geothermal systems are pro-
duced in accordance with the accepted re-
gulations and standards and are checked
against safety standards. However, incor-
rect or improper use can result in danger
to life and limb in addition to damage to
material property. The components of GE-
ROtherm® systems are designed for use as
heat carriers for heat pump systems with
brine circuits. Any other use or additional
use is regarded as improper.
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)) Correct and proper use equally con-
cerns the observance of the separate
operating and installation instructions.
2.4. Warranty
HakaGerodur AG accepts no liability for
any damage that occurs as a result of im-
proper use, incorrect use or work carried
out by untrained persons, including third
parties. Any modifications to components
and/or the use of non-original parts will
lead to the rejection of any warranty
claims for the complete GEROtherm® sys-
tem.
2.5. Notes
)) Every delivery must be checked for
completeness.
)) Progress of site work must be conti-
nuously documented in writing and
with diagrams to enable all pipe runs
to be traced, possibly for any future
work that needs to be done.
)) All documents and information on the
system must be retained.
2.6. Quality mark
GEROtherm® pipes and distributors /
collectors are made of PE100-RC in ac-
cordance with EN 12201-2 and are con-
tinuously monitored by an independent
quality control centre in line with Guide-
line HR3.26 issued by the South German
Plastics Centre (SKZ). The complete GE-
ROtherm® system is one of the first and
only geothermal systems to be certified in
accordance with this strict policy.
2.7. Disposal
Dispose of accessories and packaging in
an environmentally-friendly manner.
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3. HakaGerodur GEROtherm® systems Near-surface geothermal energy (8 – 25°C)

GEROtherm ®
GEROtherm® GEROtherm® GEROtherm®
Near-surface geothermal energy, also
Geothermal Coaxial probes Soil collectors Energy piles
known as shallow geothermal energy,
probes
includes all geothermal energy installa-
tions within a depth range of 0 to 400 50 – 400 m deep 10 – 50 m deep 1 – 2 m deep 10 – 30 m deep
m, although geothermal probes are also Closed total system certified in line with SKZ HR 3.26
possible down to a depth of 400 m. The
Closed total system certified in line with SKZ HR 3.26
following systems are possible with ne-
ar-surface geothermal energy: Heat generation (heating and the provision of hot water) and cooling and
energy storage

Table 1: Near-surface geothermal energy systems

3.1. GEROtherm® geothermal probes /
GEROtherm® PUSH
The geothermal probe system used com- • Two geothermal probe heads or
prises the following: connecting parts (Y-sections), which
The HakaGerodur AG GEROtherm geo- ®
• Two geothermal probe feet, PN20, connect the vertical pipes to the hori-
thermal probe system is designed to make
U-shaped, with dirt collector and a mini- zontal connecting pipes leading to the
use of near-surface geothermal energy
mum pressure drop of < 10 mbar at 1.0 SAVE collector / distributor or directly to
systems (geothermal heating and geother-
m/s, in compliance with VDI guidelines, the heat pump
mal cooling). Non-standard geothermal
sheet 2 / chapter 5.2.2 „Production and
systems are produced from closed and
testing of geothermal probes“; and The South German Plastic Centre (SKZ)
maintenance-free high-quality polyethyle-
equipment for fixing weights as instal- published guidelines for the testing and
ne pipe systems. The heat is transported
lation aids, and a support beam for the monitoring of the pipe system HR 3.26
by a liquid heat carrier, such as a water /
GEROtherm® PUSH protective and im- in April 1999 entitled „Pipes and pipeline
glycol mixture (brine). The connected heat
pact-resistant sleeve [patent-pending] components made of PE100 for geother-
pump generates the necessary tempera-
• Four pipes with double-U probes, mal probe pipe systems.“ Apart from tes-
ture level for heating and cooling and for
pipe series [S5/ SDR 11/ PN 16], [S4/ ting and monitoring the PE 100-RC pipes
the provision of hot water.
SDR 9/ PN 20], [VARIO PN 16 to PN and fittings, the guidelines also describe
The HakaGerodur AG GEROtherm® geo-
20] or [FLUX PN 14 bis PN 32 bar] the testing and monitoring of the possible
thermal probe system is an environmen-
made of PE100-RC or PE100-RT,de- welding processes, such as
tally-friendly, qualitatively safe and very
pending on the installation depth of • Heating element sleeve welding (HD)
economical geothermal probe system that
the geothermal probe with outer pipe • Heating coil welding (HM)
has been in use for over 25 years. GERO-
diameters of 25, 32, 40 and 50 mm • Heating element butt welding (HS),
therm® geothermal probes are sunk into
and lengths of 50 to 400 metres; with which are used to connect the pipes and
boreholes with a depth of up to approx.
double metre marks and flow direction fittings. GEROtherm® geothermal probes
400 metres.
indicators (Flow / Return) and the complete GEROtherm® system,
manufactured by HakaGerodur, have suc-
cessfully passed the stringent initial test
and the half-yearly supervisory reviews in
accordance with Guideline HR 3.26. In the
test and monitoring provisions, the SKZ
confirms a service life of at least 100 years
for a pipe system that meets these con-
ditions. The HakaGerodur GEROtherm®
geothermal probe system therefore has a
service life of 100 years at an operating
temperature of 20°C in accordance with
EN 12201-2.
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Figure 3: Overview of GEROtherm® systems

5
Technical Manual
Every GEROtherm® geothermal probe pro-
duced carries a manufacturing certificate
in compliance with EN 10204 2.2. Users
therefore have the certainty that all geo-
thermal probes supplied correspond to
the required standards as per the relevant
product standards and that all the results
of the internal product tests are explicitly
available for each product. This manufac-
turing certificate guarantees end-to-end
traceability of all parameters back to the
raw material batch and the associated test
results provided by the supplier.
)) An installation certificate can also
be produced and printed online at:
http://www.hakagerodur.ch by ente-
ring the details of the manufacturing
certificate.
3.2. GEROtherm® coaxial probes
The GEROtherm® KOAX coaxial probe is
an addition to the proven double-U geo-
thermal probes.
A simple coaxial probe is produced by in-
serting two 63 mm and 40 mm diameter
pipes into one another.
The brine liquid flows down through the
annular gap and up through the inner
pipe, heating the liquid in heating mode
and cooling it down in cooling mode.
The capacity of a coaxial probe with dia-
meter 63 / 40 corresponds approximately
to that of a 32 mm-diameter double-U
probe. The pressure rating of the outer
pipe is SDR 17, i.e. PN 10. The rigidity of
the pipe is therefore less than with SDR 11
and installation is simpler. GEROtherm®
KOAX can be used in place of a double-U
probe with a diameter of 32 up to a depth
of 50 metres. They have been successfully
used with angled drilling processes.
6
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1 Trademark
2 Product name

3 Article number with barcode

4 Serial number with barcode
 5 Production date
6 QSP = Quality self-inspecti-
 QSP
on; «237» = identification
 237
number of inspector
  7 Manufacturing certificate in
line with EN 10204 2.2
  8 System certificate SKZ
H3.26 / A278

9 System certificate KOMO
Figure 4: GEROtherm® manufacturing certificate for K84660/01
geothermal probes 10 Manufacturer‘s address
At 1800 h/a At 2400 h/a
(heating) (heating + hot water)
Subsoil Specific extraction capacity Specific extraction capacity
Dry, non-cohesive 10 W/m 2
8 W/m2
soil
Cohesive soil, moist 20 – 30 W/m2 16 – 24 W/m2
Water-saturated sand/ 40 W/m2 32 W/m2
gravel
Table 2: Possible extraction capacity of soil collectors
3.3. GEROtherm® soil collectors II To avoid damage to the GEROtherm®
soil collectors, the system must be
pressurised when being covered over.
Soil collectors are used for detached and
semi-detached houses in rural areas. Heat
is extracted by horizontal soil collectors Various soil collector systems with the cor-
in parts of the land that have not been responding approvals are used depending
developed. Heat is supplied to these sys- on the laying process used for the soil col-
tems, laid at a maximum depth of 2 me- lectors.
tres, by rain water and by solar radiation.
It is therefore vitally important to ensure )) GEROtherm® PE 100-RC soil collec-
that the extraction area remains free from tor pipe (good point load and crack
development and it is essential to prevent resistance) with SKZ HR3.26 / A278
the calculated area from being reduced. geothermal energy system monitoring
Soil collectors require a large surface area when laying without a bed of sand
and, for this reason, cannot be used ever-
ywhere. The possible specific extraction
capacities of soil collectors depend on the The use of the highest quality polyethy-
available subsoil and can be taken from lene materials currently available enab-
the above Table 2 in accordance with VDI les the installation to be designed more
4640. Precise performance data can be cost-effectively by avoiding the necessity
found in VDI 4640 sheet 2 “Thermal utili- for a bed of sand. The latest generation
sation of the subsoil“. of polyethylene geothermal pipe systems
(so-called RC types) are used here. These
point load and crack-resistant geothermal
energy pipes are approved for laying wi-
thout a bed of sand. The lower additional
cost of the GEROtherm® KIT with PE100-
RC collectors saves on the expensive repla-
cement of the excavated material by re-
using it for refilling.
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3.4. GEROtherm® energy piles 3.5. GEROtherm® manholes

Energy piles are foundation piles (drilled HakaGerodur AG offers factory-connec-

or driven piles), which are fitted internally ted fully plastic shafts made of LD/HD-PE
with HakaGerodur PE100-RC plastic pipes in which geothermal probes, soil collec-
or “short“ GEROtherm® PE100RC geo- tors and energy baskets converge outsi-
thermal probes (25 or 32 mm diameter) de of the building. The use of manholes
as heat exchangers. Energy piles are pre- makes time-consuming processes, such as
dominantly deployed when constructing core drilling and fixing and insulation of
buildings that require piles to be sunk (pri- the SAVE, redundant. GEROtherm® man-
marily larger buildings). holes are available as small manhole types
S + M and manhole types 1– 4.
A differentiation is made between two
models:
• Drilled piles consist of reinforcing bas-
kets, in which the plastic pipes are laid
in a looped pattern or 10 – 20 m long
GEROtherm® geothermal probes are
fixed. Once fixed, the energy piles are
sunk into a borehole and the borehole
is then topped up with concrete.
• With driven piles, the GEROtherm®
energy pile has already been encased in
the factory and cast in place with con-
crete. Driven piles are delivered com-
plete to the building site and rammed
into the subsoil. It is important to ensure
that the pipe connections at the ends of
the piles are not damaged in this pro-
cess. Depending on the subsoil, the pile
and pipes can be exposed to high tem-
peratures during piling, in which case
the pipes must be cooled with water.

)) Energy piles generally need to be cal-

culated by qualified specialists with
regard to heat and cooling extraction
and the statics of the piles.
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7
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3.5.1. GEROtherm® small manholes

Small manhole Type S Type M

General
Manhole material LD-PE LD-PE
Colour Black Black
Construction Vertical Vertical
Height including cover 910 mm 1310 mm
Dimension at base 750 mm 1130 mm
Negative buoyancy at base Yes Yes
Cover
Design centric centric
Dimension Ø 625 mm Ø 650 mm
Material LD-PE LD-PE
Max. load 200 kg 200 kg
Seal rainwater-tight rainwater-tight
Odour-tightly sealed No No
Application Can be walked upon, cycle path, gravel Can be walked upon, cycle path, gravel
path, garden path, garden
Installed collector / distributor
Dimension of collector / distributor SAVE 97 SAVE 125
Max. volumetric flow of brine circuit 5.4 m3/h 16.2 m3/h
Connection dimensions 40 / 50 mm 40 / 50 mm
Number of connections 2– 4 4–8
Shut-off valves Ball valve Ball valve
Regulating valves Inline Setter 20 –70 l/min Inline Setter 20 –70 l/min
Vent valve No No
Heat pump outlet
Dimension 63 mm 75 –110 mm (depending on connection)
Main shut-off valve None None
Thermal
Max. operating temperature + 40°C + 40°C
Min. operating temperature – 20°C – 20°C

Table 3: Overview of GEROtherm® small manholes

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3.5.2. GEROtherm® manhole types 1 / 2 / 3 / 4

Manhole Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4

General
Manhole material HD-PE HD-PE HD-PE HD-PE
Colour Black Black Black Black
Construction Vertical Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal
Height including cover ≈ 1400 mm ≈ 1300 – 1500 mm ≈ 1500 – 1700 mm ≈ 2300 mm
External dimension of basic pipe 1000 / 1200 mm 1000 / 1200 mm 1200 / 1400 mm 1960 mm
Negative buoyancy Individual Individual Individual Individual
Transport option Crane eyelets Crane eyelets Crane eyelets Crane eyelets
Pipe inlet connection Pressurised Pressurised Pressurised Pressurised
water-tight water-tight water-tight water-tight
Use in groundwater Up to 10 mWS Up to 10 mWS Up to 10 mWS Up to 10 mWS
Customised manufacture Yes Yes Yes Yes
Integration of LED light Optional Optional Optional Optional
Integration of sump pump Optional Optional Optional Optional
Integration of other fittings Optional Optional Optional Optional
Cover
Design Eccentric Offset Offset Offset
Domed entry de 630 mm de 630 mm de 630 mm de 630 mm
Material Cast iron Cast iron Cast iron Cast iron
Load A15, B125, D400 A15, B125, D400 A15, B125, D400 A15, B125, D400
Seal Impermeable to rain- Impermeable to rain- Impermeable to rain- Impermeable to rain-
water water water water
Sealed odour-tight Yes Yes Yes Yes
Application Car parks, roads Car parks, roads Car parks, roads Car parks, roads
Entry PE steps PE steps Optional V2A / Alu / Optional V2A / Alu /
PE ladder PE ladder
Level adjustment on site Optional Optional Optional Optional
Sealed from groundwater Optional Optional Optional Optional
Installed collector / distributor
Dimension of collector / distributor SAVE 97 / 125 SAVE 125 / 180 / 250 SAVE 125 / 180 / 250 SAVE 125 / 180 / 250
Max. volumetric flow of brine 5.4 / 16.2 m /h
3
16.2 / 35 / 70 m /h
3
16.2 / 35 / 70 m /h
3
16.2 / 35 / 70 m3/h
circuit (extendible) (extendible) (extendible)
Connection dimensions 32 / 40 / 50 mm 32 / 40 / 50 mm 40 / 50 mm 40 / 50 mm
Number of connections 2–5 6 – 11 12 – 36 37 and above
Shut-off valves Ball valve Ball valve Ball valve Ball valve
Measuring range of regulating 8-30 l/min 8-30 l/min 8-30 l/min 8-30 l/min
valves 10-25 l/min 10-25 l/min 10-25 l/min 10-25 l/min
20-60 l/min 20-60 l/min 20-60 l/min 20-60 l/min
20-70 l/min 20-70 l/min 20-70 l/min 20-70 l/min
Heat pump outlet
Dimension 63 – 110 mm 63 – 250 mm 63 – 250 mm 63 – 250 mm
Main shut-off, shut-off valve No Optional Optional Optional
Thermal
Max. operating temperature + 40°C + 40°C + 40°C + 40°C
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Min. operating temperature – 20°C – 20°C – 20°C – 20°C

Table 4: Overview of GEROtherm® manhole types 1 / 2 / 3 / 4

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3.5.2.1. Order forms for GEROtherm®

Manhole types 1 / 2 / 3 / 4

Forms for types 1 – 4 can be comple-

ted via the following link for enqui-
ries and orders about specific projects:
www.hakagerodur.ch

These forms form the basis for a specific

quotation for a building or to order man-
holes.

3.6. Technical data for GEROtherm®

geothermal probes

GEROtherm® geothermal probes are

made of high-grade polyethylene mate-
rials (PE100-RC (Resistance to Crack)) or
PE100-RT (Raised Temperature). These
materials have optimum properties for
geothermal applications, such as:
• Long service life (100 years @ 20°C; EN
12201-2)
• Low hydraulic resistance
• No corrosion problems, as fully plastic
pipes
• Resistant to cold and heat
• Impact-resistant
• Installation-friendly modular system
• Optimum safety with regard to polluti-
on of the soil (drinking water)
• Patented probe foot (CH Patent 687
268, EU Patent 1 036 974, and other
patents pending)
Polyethylene has been used as a pipe ma-
terial in the service supply sector (drinking
water, heating, gas, industry etc.) for 60
years. This has resulted in many years of
experience in the manufacturing, proces-
sing and use of this material. The polyethy-
lene types used, PE100RC and PE100-RT,
permit a long service life of 100 years at
20°C in line with the applicable ISO, EN
and DIN standards (EN 12201-2).
The joining processes, such as butt wel-
ding (HM) and heating coil welding (HW),
are well tested and require no other ma-
terials. There is therefore no need for seals
or screw fittings in the soil, as these are
material-locking joints. The flexibility and
impact resistance of the material also per-
mits the problem-free installation of the
components, even at extreme tempera-
tures.
Unlike other pipe materials, polyethylene
has an optimum ecological balance (see
Figure 5: Total greenhouse gas emissions in the manufacture, transport and disposal of
different materials
(Source: Georg Fischer GmbH, www.georgfischer.de)
Only new material that has been proces- geothermal systems. In summer, the high
sed after successfully passing the inco- level of solar radiation and thus the high
ming goods inspection and thus contains thermal gain by the collectors is balanced
no recycled material is used as the starting out by the delayed heat requirement by
material (granulate) for the production of the heating system in winter. The ener-
HakaGerodur GEROtherm® geothermal gy gained in the collectors is fed into the
probe systems. The relevant parameters soil in summer by means of a geothermal
are continuously monitored throughout probe after reducing its temperature by a
the extrusion process. Fully automatic heat exchanger (< 25°C).
measuring technology is used in each
extrusion line for 100% inspection of Geothermal probes can be selected from
the geothermal probe with regard to its a range of different materials depending
dimensions, wall thickness and pipe sur- on the different locational factors of the
faces. The pipes are automatically discar- property. The following matrix provides an
ded in the event of deviations from the overview of the different material proper-
defined parameter limit values, ensuring ties. The figures given are averages.
that any geothermal probes whose quality
has been impaired do not leave the pro-
duction plant.
In addition, production samples are in-
spected at defined regular intervals with a
long-period internal pressure test.
GEROtherm® geothermal probes and the
complete GEROtherm® system, manufac-
tured by HakaGerodur, have successfully
passed the stringent initial test and the
half-yearly supervisory reviews in accor-
dance with SKZ Guideline HR 3.26. In the
test and monitoring provisions, the SKZ
confirms a service life of at least 100 years
for a pipe system that meets these con-
ditions. The HakaGerodur GEROtherm®
geothermal probe system therefore has a
service life of 100 years (at an operating
temperature of 20°C in accordance with
EN 12201-2).
PE-RT is used if the geothermal probe is
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

Figure 5).
required to withstand higher temperatu-
res, which may be the case with hot ther-
mal springs or a combination or solar and

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Properties Standard PE100-RC PE100-RT

Physical
Density ISO 1183 0.96 g/cm3 0.94 g/cm3
Pipe roughness acc. to Prandtl-Colebrook 0.03 mm 0.03 mm
Coefficient of permeability at 20°C
0.072 cm3/m x bar x d
Oxygen O2
– 0.056 cm3/m x bar x d
Methane CH4
0.280 cm3/m x bar x d
Carbon dioxide CO2
Minimum bending radius for pipes @ 0°C – 50 x dn 50 x dn
Minimum bending radius for pipes @ 10°C – 35 x dn 35 x dn
Minimum bending radius for pipes @ 20°C – 20 x dn 20 x dn
Mechanical
Modulus of tension (23°C, v=1 mm/min, ISO 527-1, -2 900 MPa 850 MPa
secant)
Line tension (23°C, v=50 mm/min) ISO 527-1, -2 23 MPa 22 MPa
Tensile strain (23°C, v=50 mm/min) ISO 527-1, -2 9% 8%
FNCT (4.0MPa, 2% Arkopal N 100, 80°C) ISO 16770 >/=8760h >/=350h
Elongation at break EN 638 >/= 350% >/= 760 %
HS, HD, HM pressing / HS, HD, HM pressing /
Available joining technologies –
clamping clamping
DIN 53752 1.8 x 10-4 K-1 1.8 x 10-4 K-1
Average thermal coefficient of elongation
DIN 52328 or 0.18 mm/K or 0.18 mm/K
Effect
Impact strength ISO 179 no fracture no fracture
Hardness
Shore hardness (Shore D (3 sec)) ISO 868 63 59
Thermal
Max. operating temperature – + 40°C + 95°C
Min. operating temperature – – 20°C – 40°C
Thermal conductivity DIN 52612 0.42 W/mK 0.41 W/mK
Storage
Max. recommended storage time after
– 5 a* 5 a*
production date
UV stabilisation – Yes* Yes*

Table 5: Material properties of GEROtherm® geothermal probes

* UV resistance is ensured with black PE Ý The pipe material used by HakaGero-

pipes through the addition of soot. As the
sole manufacturer, LyondellBasell (former-
ly Höchst AG) has published investigations
in the past in which black Hostalen pipes
were exposed to outside weathering in
Frankfurt for up to 18 years, and no si-
gnificant deterioration of the long-period
internal pressure could be measured.
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082
dur AG is stabilised in a comparable man-
ner; implying that a storage period of 5
years should present no problems at our
latitude.
)) The figures given are guideline valu-
es and can vary depending on the
processing processes. In most cases,
they represent the average values of
measurements performed on several
samples. The stated technical proper-
ties are only intended as a planning
guide and do not represent guaran-
teed properties.

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3.6.1. Technical data for GEROtherm® Wall thickness Internal pressure Buckling pressure
VARIO resistance resistance*

GEROtherm® VARIO geothermal probes

are available for drilling at depths of more
than 160 metres with depth-dependent
reliability and safety. They combine the
positive properties of many well-known
geothermal probes. Apart from the nor-
mal demands placed on GEROtherm®
geothermal probes, the following proper-
ties are also beneficial:

• The hydraulic pressure loss is significant-

ly lower than with PN 20 geothermal
probes
• The internal pressure resistance is gu-
aranteed depth-dependent up to 200 * at 20°C / 1 h in compliance with SIA 384/6

metres (20 bar).

• Significantly improved buckling pressu-
re resistance at lower depths.
• Optimum heat transfer
• Fully plastic solution and thus cor-
rosion-resistant with a service life of
over 100 years in compliance with
SIA 384 / 6.
• The patent number for this geothermal
probe is EP 2 706 308.
• The complete geothermal probe is certi-
fied by the South German Plastics Cen-
tre (SKZ).
3.6.1.1. Internal pressure resistance
GEROtherm® VARIO meets the minimum
internal pressure resistance requirements
of 16 bar. In the lower range, it can wi-
thstand up to 20 bar depending on the
length.
Figure 6: Wall thickness distribution with internal pressure and buckling pressure re-
sistance of a GEROtherm® Vario
pressure must be calculated to prevent 3.6.1.4. Hydraulic pressure loss
buckling. With wash drilling, this external
over-pressure is caused by the wash dril-
The optimised GEROtherm® VARIO probe
ling emulsion. A calculation of the maxi- pipe reduces hydraulic pressure loss and
mum buckling pressure is required here.
thus also the energy consumption of the
brine circulation pump, resulting in signi-
ficant energy cost savings calculated over
the service life of the system.
GEROtherm® VARIO geothermal probes
3.6.1.3. Installation offer improved pressure loss at a depth of
180 to 250 metres compared with a PN 20
The geothermal probe is delivered on a geothermal probe
pallet. The probe can be installed using
a conventional reel. The geothermal
probe is compatible with all installation
aids, such as GEROtherm® PUSH, weights
etc.… Transport and coil dimensions are
identical to the double-U probe Ø 40 mm.

3.6.1.2. Buckling pressure resistance

Buckling is understood as meaning the de-

formation of the pipe cross-section into a
Pressure losses [mbar]

kidney-shaped form by external over-pres-

sure. Fundamentally, pipes that are laid in
water or soil above the groundwater level
and where the hydrostatic pressure of the
ground water is greater than the internal
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Probe length [m]

Table 6: Comparison of the pressure losses of GEROtherm® VARIO and PN 20

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3.6.1.5. Calculation example showing

Wall thickness Internal pressure Buckling pressure
energy savings with GEROtherm® resistance resistance*
VARIO

• Heat carrier: ethylene glycol 20%

• Medium temperature: 12°C
• Volumetric flow per geothermal probe:
1.8 m3/h
• Length of geothermal probe: 200 m
• Design of geothermal probe: double-U
Ø 40 mm
• Brine circulation pump: Grundfos MAG-
NA 80 – 60 F

• Operational hours of the system per

year: 2400 h
• Number of geothermal probes: 10
• Energy saving: 66 kWh / year
• CO2 savings: 38 kg / year
• Energy cost savings: up to 13%
• Pressure loss reduction: 16% less
than with PN 20

* at 20°C / 1 h in compliance with SIA 384/6

300 Figure 7: Wall thickness distribution and pressure resistance of a GEROtherm® FLUX
geothermal probe
250 267
224
Pressure loss [mbar]

200 • Greater safety thanks to internal pres- 3.6.2.2. Installation

150
100
50
0 • Optimum heat transfer
GEROtherm®PN20
Table 7: Comparison of pressure losses
GEROtherm® PN 20 / VARIO
• GEROtherm® -Vario geothermal probe
offers the excellent safety of a PN 20
geothermal probe, while at the same
time increasing efficiency.
3.6.2. Technical data for GEROtherm®
FLUX
The new pressure-resistant GEROtherm®
FLUX geothermal probes are now availa-
ble for drilling depths of up to 320 metres
with difficult geological conditions and
deep boreholes. They combine the posi-
tive properties of many well-known geo-
thermal probes. Apart from the normal
demands placed on GEROtherm® geo-
thermal probes, the following properties
are also beneficial:
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082
sure resistance up to a depth of 320
metres. The geothermal probe is delivered on a
• Improved buckling pressure resistance pallet. The probe can be installed using
provides benefits with heavier or more a conventional reel. The geothermal pro-
conductive compressed material. be is compatible with all installation aids,
such as GEROtherm® PUSH, weight ves-
GEROtherm®VARIO
• Fully plastic solution and thus cor- sels, cast weights etc. GEROtherm® PUSH
rosion-resistant with a service life of is an integral part of GEROtherm® FLUX.
over 100 years in compliance with SIA
384 / 6.
• The patent number for this geothermal
probe is EP 2 706 308.
• The complete geothermal probe is certi-
fied by the South German Plastics Cen-
tre (SKZ).
• Maximum diagonal dimension together
with the GEROtherm® PUSH of 121 mil-
limetres
• Use of conventional tools.
• SKZ certificate no. A724
3.6.2.1. Internal pressure resistance
The special design and construction of the
pipes means that they have an internal
pressure resistance of up to 32 bar, exp-
laining why geothermal probes can also Figure 8: Dimensions of the probe foot
be used even in difficult geological con- GEROtherm® FLUX
ditions.

• The hydraulic pressure loss is significant-

ly lower than with a PN 20 geothermal
probe.

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3.6.2.3. Hydraulic pressure loss

Comparison of pressure losses
The optimised GEROtherm FLUX pro- ® 440
be pipe significantly reduces hydraulic 420
400
pressure losses and thus also the ener-
380
gy consumption of the brine circulation
360
pump, enabling considerable cost savings
340
over the service life of the system.

Pressure losses [mbar]

320
300 PN 20 ø40mm
The GEROtherm® FLUX geothermal probe 280
offers the lowest hydraulic pressure loss at 260
a depth of 200 to 320 metres 240 Flux ø43mm
220
200
180
3.6.2.4. Borehole resistance with GE- 160
ROtherm® FLUX 140
120
100
• The borehole resistance of the GERO 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330
therm® FLUX is similar to that of the PN Probe length [m]
20 geothermal probe
Table 8: Pressure loss comparison: GEROtherm® FLUX and PN 20
• Market-standard simulation models can
be used without adjustment to dimensi-
on geothermal probe systems.
Temperature [°C]

Temperature [°C]
Output [W]

Output [W]

Temperature at GTP exit Temperature at GTP exit

Temperature at GTP entry Temperature at GTP entry

Thermal output Thermal output

Time [h] Time [h]

Table 9: TRT GTP Ø 40 mm PN 20 300 m Table 10: TRT GTP FLUX Ø 43 mm 293 m

Results of the standard evaluations, with measurements taken at the same location.

TRT GTP Ø 40 mm PN 20 300 mm TRT GTP FLUX Ø 43 mm 293 mm

Mean probe temperature 13,10 °C Mean probe temperature 13,28 °C
Average thermal borehole resistance 0,098 mK/W Average thermal borehole resistance 0,093 mK/W
(with standard backfilling; water used as a (with standard backfilling; water used as a
probe fluid and flow rate of 2,008 l/h) probe fluid and flow rate of 2,115 l/h)

Table 11: Details of the TRT results

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 Technical Manual
3.6.2.5. Calculation example showing
energy savings with GEROtherm®
FLUX
• Heat carrier: ethylene glycol 20%
• Medium temperature: 12°C
• Volumetric flow per geothermal probe:
1.8 m3/h
• Length of geothermal probe: 320 m
• Design of geothermal probe: Double U
Ø 40 /43 mm
• Brine circulation pump: Grundfos MAG-
NA 80 – 60 F
• Operational hours of the system per
year: 2400 h
• Number of geothermal probes: 10
• Energy saving: 216 kWh / year
• CO2 savings: 127 kg / year
• Energy cost savings: up to 30%
• Pressure loss reduction: 36% less
than with PN 20
• The new development enables energy
to be saved, while at the same time
allowing efficient exploitation of grea-
ter depths. This also increases the sa-
fety and durability of the geothermal
probe
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3.6.2.6. Thermal Response Test (TRT)
The mean thermal conductivity of the soil
along the probe length is needed to calcu-
Pressure loss [mbar]
late the thermal behaviour of geothermal
probes with the introduction or removal
of heat. A figure can be used for an initial
estimation based on an assumed litholo-
gy. According to SIA 384 / 6, this figure
must include a safety margin.
With larger systems, it is sensible to de-
termine the thermal conductivity of the
soil using a Thermal Response Test. With
Table 12: Comparison of pressure loss of
the first geothermal probe in a field, up to
GEROtherm® PN 20 / FLUX
8 kW of heat output is introduced conti-
nuously for around 3 days and the tempe-
rature of the probe fluid is continuously
measured. The mean thermal conductivity
of the soil and the thermal borehole re-
sistance (effect of the U-pipe configura-
tion and backfilling) can be determined
based on the development of the fluid
temperature. (Source: http://www.geo-
watt.ch)
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3.7. Technical data for GEROtherm®

energy piles

The material qualities PE100-RC and PEXc

are ideal for use as energy piles on ac-
count of their outstanding resistance to
stress cracks and point loads. Short probes
are suitable for piles with minimal dimen-
sions, where the dimensions lie below the
minimum bending radii.

Energy pile Energy pile Energy pile Energy pile short

PE100-RC PE-Xc PE100-RT probes PE100-RC
Delivery form Coils Coils Coils Rods

Lengths up to 50 m up to 50 m up to 50 m 10 – 20 m
Dimension dn 25 / dn 32 mm dn 25 / dn 32 mm dn 32 mm dn 25 / dn 32 mm
UV stabilisation Yes Yes Yes Yes
Physical
Density 0,96 g/cm3 0,95 g/cm3 0,94 g/cm3 0,96 g/cm3
Min. bending radius @ 50 x dn 50 x dn 50 x dn 50 x dn
0°C
Min. bending radius @ 35 x dn 35 x dn 35 x dn 35 x dn
10°C
Min. bending radius @ 20 x dn 20 x dn 20 x dn 20 x dn
20°C
Mechanical
FNCT (4.0MPa, 2% >/= 8760 h >/= 8760 h >/= 350 h >/= 8760 h
Arkopal N 100, 80°C)
Joining technique HS, HD, HM HW, pressing / clamping HS, HD, HM HS, HD, HM
Thermal (with piles min. operating temp. of +3°C)
Max. operating temp. + 40 °C + 95 °C + 95 °C + 40 °C
Min. operating temp. – 20 °C – 20 °C – 40 °C – 20 °C
Thermal conductivity 0,4 W/mK 0,4 W/mK 0,41 W/mK 0,4 W/mK

Table 13: Material properties of GEROtherm® energy piles

Take into account the special transport conditions when using short probes in the form of rods.
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3.8. Chemical resistance Heat carrier Density @ 0°C Frost protection

Ethylene glycol 20% 1040kg/m 3
–10.4 °C
HakaGerodur GEROtherm® geothermal
systems are resistant to common heat car- Ethylene glycol 25% 1050 kg/m3 –13.6 °C
riers. The following heat carriers from Ta- Ethylene glycol 30 % 1059 kg/m 3
–17.1 °C
ble 14 can be used: Contact HakaGerodur
Ethylene glycol 33 % 1065 kg/m3 –19.3 °C
Technical Support to clarify the resistance
of the materials to other chemicals. Propylene glycol 25 % 1033 kg/m3 –10.1 °C
Propylene glycol 30 % 1039 kg/m 3
–13.5 °C
Propylene glycol 35 % 1044 kg/m3 –17.5 °C
3.9. Pipe series Water 5 °C 1000 kg/m3 0.0 °C
Water 15 °C 1000 kg/m 3
0.0 °C
Thermoplastic plastic pipes are sub-divi-
ded into pipe series based on their dimen- Ethanol 20 % 969 kg/m3 –10.5 °C
sions (outer diameter and wall thickness) Ethanol 25 % 962 kg/m3 –15.5 °C
in accordance with ISO 4065. Pipes of
Ethanol 30 % 954 kg/m3 –20.5 °C
identical pipe series have the same ratio
of outer pipe diameter to wall thickness. Table 14: Suitable heat carriers Source
They can withstand the same loading, as- SIA 384 / 6:2010, SN 546 384 / 6, issue 2010
suming they are made of the same mate-
rial and have the same classification. This )) Low temperatures impair the efficiency of the entire system. The lifetime of the back-
also applies to the pipe components. filling can be impaired at extremely low temperatures.
Pipe series S is defined by the formula:
belastbar. Dies gilt auch für Rohrleitungsteile.
dn −en
= Die Rohrserie S3.10.
ist definiert
Pressuredurch
stagesdie
2∙en
)) The nominal pressure figure (PN) in-
The term “Nominal pressure“ (PN) is used cludes the ratio of the outer diame-
SDR pipe series number
for water pipes. This expresses the maxi- ter to the wall thickness and material
dn nominal outer diameter
mum operating pressure of plastic pipes strength. This means that the nominal
en nominal wall thickness
with water at 20°C with a mathematically pressure figure alone is insufficient for
calculated minimum operating period of clear determination of a pipe or pipe
Primarily pipes and pipe components in component!
100 years.
series [S8 / SDR 17], [S5 / SDR 11] and
[S3.2 / SDR 7.4] are used for PE100-RC (Source: VKR Underground pressurised
gas and water supply pipes. In European The following gives the relationship bet- pipes)
standards, the term “SDR“ (Standard di- ween the pipe dimensions, permitted cal-
mension ratio) is used to designate pipe culation tension and permitted operating
series. The SDR figure is calculated by the pressure:
formula Betriebsdruck mit Wasser bei 20°C und einer rechnerischen Mindes
Zahl berechnet sich mir der Formel 10∙σs
dn = Der
S
= P permitted zulässigen Betriebsdruck
operating pressure in bar zeigt die folgende Beziehung:
en
s s calculation tension in MPa
(Megapascal)
and the relationship between the pipe se- S pipe series number
ries figure S and SDR is:
The permitted operating pressure (P) cor-
SDR −1 responds to the nominal pressure (PN) for
= bzw.
or =2∙S+1
bzw.
2 20°C and with a calculated tension based
Accordingly the following applies to the on 100 years. Nominal pressures PN 10
other figures: and PN 16 are normal for water supply.
The wall thickness is calculated as follows:
Pipe series S8 S5 S3.2
SDR 17 11 7.4
=
Table 15: Popular pipe series (source VKR
Pipes laid in soil)
( σs
2 10 ∙ P + 1)
en nominal wall thickness in mm
dn nominal outer diameter in mm
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s s calculation tension in MPa

(Megapascal)
P permitted operating pressure in bar

17
Technical Manual
4. Planning and installation of GERO-
therm® geothermal probe systems
)) Before designing the geothermal pro-
be systems, an overall energy concept
first needs to be drawn up for the pro-
perty. In doing so, all the system inter-
faces (heat source, heat pump and he-
ating circuits) need to be considered.
Geothermal energy system must be
planned in collaboration with the custo-
mer/project manager. The following
points therefore need to be defined:
• Geology of the subsoil
• Number of boreholes
• Type of drilling process (dry drilling/
wash drilling)
• Depth of the boreholes
• Diameter of the boreholes
• Position of the boreholes
• Pressure loss of the system
• Specification of the dimensions of the
geothermal probes
• Coordination of the position of the
energy storage / cooling fields
• Seasonal energy requirement
• Base and peak loads
)) Before commencing any geothermal
probe drilling, obtain the necessary
approvals from the responsible autho-
rities and pass them onto the drilling
contractor, as geothermal probe sys-
tems are generally subject to approval.
4.1. Planning basics
4.1.1. Specifications for HakaGerodur
AG geothermal systems
All specifications for HakaGerodur AG
geothermal systems and individual pro-
ducts can be requested by contacting us.
18
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4.1.2. General planning information • Do not allow the temperature to fall
below a mean minimum heat carrier
II In addition to the planning informati- temperature of –1.5°C (e.g. inlet of the
on given in VDI 4640 sheet 2, or SIA geothermal probe –3°C, outlet 0°C) du-
384 / 6: 2010 (SN 546 384 / 6), con- ring operation over the entire service life
sider the following points when plan- of the life of the system
ning a geothermal probe system:
• Geothermal probes are generally sub- II Provide for and install appropriate gas
ject to approval separators in the system in the event
• The dates on which drilling will take pla- of possible gas permeation.
ce must be notified to the responsible
authorities
• Optimum system efficiency can be
achieved by low flow temperatures 4.1.3. Dimensioning of GEROtherm®
geothermal probe systems
• As a rule, a detached house can be
supplied by one 150 – 200 metre GE-
ROtherm® geothermal probe without II Geothermal probe systems must be
the need for additional (monovalent) dimensioned by an approved firm of
heating consulting engineers or planners. The
• The total heating and cooling requi- corresponding applicable standards
rement of the property must be taken and guidelines, as well as the geology
into account when dimensioning a pro- at the site, must be taken into account
be field at the planning stage.
• Guaranteed optimum coordination of
the energy flow within the building The nomogram from VDI 4640 can be
• Geothermal probes for cooling should used as the first point of reference with
be planned with a maximum depth of smaller properties to roughly assess the
150 metres, as the geothermal probe design of the geothermal probe system.
would otherwise absorb too high tem- Always check the reading mathematically.
peratures SIA 384 / 6:2010 describes in detail the
• The spacing between two geothermal
calculation and design of geothermal pro-
probes must be a minimum of 5 metres be systems.
(at a depth of 50 metres) or 6 metres (at
a depth of > 50 m); the minimum spa-
The length of the GEROtherm® probe can
cing from buildings must be 2 metres
be mathematically calculated taking into
• The distance from neighbouring land
consideration the heat requirement and
should be a minimum of 5 metres
the geological soil conditions on site, as
• The brine velocity in the geothermal
clearly shown in the following examp-
probe should preferably lie in the range
le. The extraction capacity of the GERO-
of 0.3– 0.7 m/s, i.e. always within the
therm® geothermal probe corresponds to
turbulent range
the cooling output of the selected heat
• Geological experts‘ reports should be
pump. The heat output of the heat pump
obtained, as the physical rock charac-
must correspond to the heat requirement
teristics and thus the specific extraction
of the building.
capacity can vary with the geology at a
specific location
• The climate at the site will have a deci-
sive effect on the extraction and yield
performance of geothermal probes and
therefore also needs to be taken into
account in the planning
• Geothermal probe systems should not
be used to dry out buildings
• The individual circuits of the geothermal
probe system must be hydraulically ba-
lanced (by providing appropriate regula-
ting valves on the distributor / collector)
and one shut-off valve must be provi-
ded per probe circuit
• The mutual interaction of geothermal
probes must be considered at the plan-
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ning stage
• The selected heat carrier must be suita-
ble for the selected temperatures
 Technical Manual
Besoins en puissance
calorifique
⇒ Longueur de la sonde = COP
GEROtherm
Example: Detached house, new building,
floor area approx. 200 m2
Heat requirement: 13.0 kW
Heat pump COP: 4.0 at BO-W35 (COP =
Coefficient of Performance = efficiency)
Cooling output of heat pump: 9.7 kW Ex-
traction capacity from soil: 40 W/m with
2,400 operating hours / year (depending
on the geological soil conditions on site)
The entire heat requirement of the deta-
ched house, including hot water provisi-
on, can be provided by a 185 m GERO-
therm® geothermal probe.
II Dry soil has a lower extraction capacity
(< 30 W/m), whereas layers of soil
that carry groundwater have an ext-
raction capacity of up to 80 W/m.
II With systems with three of more GE-
ROtherm® geothermal probes, select a
lower extraction capacity on account
of their mutual influence, as well as
with geothermal probes in moun-
tainous regions.
II Complex systems should be planned
by a design office, and a Thermal Re-
sponse Test (TRT) is recommended for
the design of the complete system.
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Besoins en puissance
calorifique 9.7 kW
- 9 . 7 kW −
= 4.0 = 182m
Puissance de captage 40W / m
II The mean brine temperature at the in- rences in the flow resistance can result
let and outlet of the geothermal probe in large pressure losses due to the ba-
is crucial for the design. A minimum lancing effect.
brine temperature of –1.5°C (e.g. inlet
of the geothermal probe –3°C, outlet II It must also be possible to individually
0 °C) after 50 years is necessary for the shut off individual circuits of soil col-
extraction of heat. lectors and geothermal probes. This
ensures that the system can be vented
with ease at any time during commis-
4.1.4. Design of SAVE collectors / sioning and for any service work nee-
distributors ded. Provide an automatic vent valve,
if necessary.
HakaGerodur GEROtherm® collectors /
distributors are appropriately dimensioned
and therefore only cause minimum flow
resistance.
)) The geothermal probes should be
connected to the collector / distributor
with flow and return pipes preferably
of the same length. This obviates the
need for expensive flow regulation fit-
tings. A differing volumetric flow
of up to +/– 15% is permitted.
)) With larger systems, we recommend
siting one of more manholes in the
centre of the geothermal probe field
to avoid the use of flow regulation
fittings here too. However, if they are
unavoidable, we recommend the use
of balancing valves or regulating val-
ves. Note, however, that large diffe-
1 All-purpose connector
2 Vent section
3 Wall opening
4 SAVE distributor with ball valves
5 SAVE collector with balancing valves
6 Y-piece / Y-piece kit
7 GEROtherm® geothermal probe
8 Probe foot bypass
9 Weight / weight vessel
10 Brine circulation pump
11 Heat pump
12 Safety valve
13 Pressure gauge
14 Expansion vessel
15 Filling / drain valve
Figure 9: Installation overview of the GE-
ROtherm® SAVE collector / distributor
19
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GEROtherm® collectors / distributors (flow
and return) made of PE 100-RC fulfil the
set requirements and are designed as a
modular system. Individual sizes are avai-
lable for the connection of geothermal
probes, soil collectors or energy piles.
Geothermal probe pipes with outer dia-
meters of Ø 25, Ø 32, Ø 40 and Ø 50 mm
can be connected.
Selection of suitable GEROtherm® col-
lectors / distributors for geothermal
probes
The SAVE units should be calculated ba-
sed on the flow volume of the heat pump
(volumetric flow in m³/h). The following is
a rough selection guide:
• up to approx. 300 m: Type SAVE 97
• up to approx. 1400 m: Type SAVE 125
4.2. Installation of GEROtherm® geo- In the VDI guidelines, it is stated that the
thermal probe systems drilling contractor who carries out the
work must be certified in accordance with
4.2.1. General installation guidelines DVGW W120. DVGW certification gua-
rantees the highest level of quality for the
subsequent operator of the system and
II Geothermal boreholes should gene- guarantees the proper sequence of mea-
rally be produced in accordance with sures. Drilling companies that also hold
the state of the art. In the geothermal the quality seal for geothermal probe dril-
energy sector, VDI Guideline 4640 ling will guarantee a high level of quality
“Thermal utilisation of the subsoil“ in the setting-up and use of geothermal
and SIA 384 / 6:2010 “Geothermal
probe systems.
probes“ are definitive.
50

• up to approx. 3000 m: Type SAVE 180

• above approx. 3000 m: Type SAVE 250
45

Larger outputs can be achieved by parallel

connection of the SAVE distributor / col- 40
lector or connecting two connectors/ dis-
tributors using a T-piece.
35

SAVE 125, 180 and 250 distributors can

be combined to meet customers‘ specific 30
Number of probes [qty]

requirements. Distributors to run around SAVE 250

corners or for round manholes can also be
produced. Your contact will be happy to 25
advise you.
Customised distributor solutions with hig-
her flow volumes, e.g. SAVE 250, are avai- 20
lable for larger projects, on request. SAVE 180

15

SAVE 125
10

SAVE 97

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Figure 10: Layout diagram of the SAVE Length of probe [m]
collector / distributor

SAVE 97 SAVE 125 SAVE 180 SAVE 250

Max. flow volumes ≤ 5,4 m³/h ≤ 16,2 m³/h ≤ 35 m³/h ≥ 35 m³/h
Max. heat pump output ≤ 16 kW ≤ 70 kW ≤ 150 kW ≥ 150 kW
Number of connections 2–8 max. 15 Freely selectable Freely selectable
Connection dimension DE 32 / 40 mm DE 40 / 50 DE 40 / 50 DE 40 / 50
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Availability Ex-stock Ex-stock Customised order Customised order

Table 16: Overview of collectors / distributors

20
 Technical Manual
Drilling companies with the quality seal
guarantee
• A high number of benefits for custo-
mers and outstanding advice for the
owner of the building
• Environmentally-friendly installation of
the system
• That the boreholes will be sunk in accor-
dance with the state of the art
• The use of technically high-quality pro-
be material
• Maximum possible safety on the buil-
ding site
4.2.2. Transport / storage of GE-
ROtherm® geothermal probes and
components
Active inventory management by HakaGe-
rodur and our partner companies ensures
the delivery availability and flexibility cal-
led for. The geothermal probes are protec-
ted by plastic cling film during transport
and storage.
II The following regulations must be ob-
served when transporting and storing
GEROtherm® geothermal probes:
• GEROtherm® geothermal probe must
be transported and stored carefully. Do
not install geothermal probes that have
been damaged during transport or sto-
rage
• Always store and transport GERO-
therm® geothermal probes on the pal-
lets available from the factory
• Do not remove the plastic cling film
from the GEROtherm® geothermal
probes during transport / storage; only
remove it just before installation of the
probes. Carry out a visual inspection be-
fore removing the film!
• The quality-certified factory-welded GE-
ROtherm® probe foot is also protected
against damage by a plastic bag
• Store GEROtherm® geothermal probes
in a protected location on the building
site
• Geothermal probes made of PE100-RC
and PE100-RT can also be stored in sun-
light
• The recommended maximum storage
period for GEROtherm® geothermal
probes is 5 years after the production
date.
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4.2.3. Sinking GEROtherm® geother-
mal probes
II Note the following points when sin-
king GEROtherm® geothermal probes:
• Only permit a certified drilling company
to install the geothermal probes
• Ensure that the drilling equipment can
access the drilling site
• Only use drilling equipment / machines
that are suitable for the soil on the buil-
ding site
• Use the GEROtherm® PUSH protective
and impact sleeve if the geothermal
probe is to be “pounded“ into the bore-
hole
• A weight vessel can also be attached to
the GEROtherm® PUSH
• Carry out a visual inspection for possible
mechanical damage before sinking the
geothermal probe, and remove the ma-
nufacturing certificate from its pocket
and file it with the project documenta-
tion
• Use a coiler to sink the geothermal pro-
be
• Geothermal probes are generally sunk
with the utmost care to avoid mecha-
nical damage
• During the sinking process, check the
geothermal probe for possible damage,
as damaged geothermal probes may
not be installed (i.e. transport or stora-
ge damage)
• The probe foot of the GEROtherm®
geothermal probe is factory-welded and
100% inspected. Welding a probe foot
on site is not permitted.
• Always sink the GEROtherm® geo-
thermal probe with a weight or using
the GEROtherm® PUSH with / without
weight vessel
• A maximum weight of 100 kg can be
attached per U-run when sinking the
geothermal probe
• Make sure that the geothermal probe
is not subjected to high dynamic forces
when it is being sunk
• Pay attention to the pressure conditions
when installing the geothermal probe –
specifically the differential pressure
(inner excess-pressure / outer pres-
sure). The differential pressure may not
exceed 21 bar inner over-pressure (inner
to outer) and 8 bar outer over-pressure
(outer to inner) during installation and
the compression process with PN 16
geothermal probes! When using PN 20
geothermal probes, the differential pres-
sure should be 25 bar inner over-pres-
sure (inner to outer) and 12 bar outer
over-pressure (outer to inner).
• With dry drilling, we recommend filling
the borehole with a good 1/3 of water
before sinking the empty probe. Fill the
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geothermal probe with water as soon as
it can no longer be inserted because of
buoyancy. Secure the geothermal probe
to prevent the probe from floating up
during injection
• Protect the ends of the pipes of the
sunk geothermal probes from damage
on the building site
• Tightly seal the geothermal probes with
caps and secure the caps with adhesive
tape before they are connected to the
SAVE
• The spacing between two geothermal
probes must be a minimum of 5 met-
res (at a depth of up to 50 metres) or 6
metres (at a depth of more than 50 me-
tres), and the minimum distance from
buildings must be 2 metres
• All drilling work must be chronological-
ly recorded by the equipment operator
(refer to Drilling Log temperate in the
appendix)
• Dispose of any waste water from the
drilling process in line with the applica-
ble regulations
• Remove the pipework without dama-
ging the geothermal probe Ý Avoid
twisting the geothermal probe
• Secure the injection pipe on the probe
foot or in the GEROtherm® PUSH
4.2.4. GEOtight® fabric packer
The GEOtight® fabric packer is designed
for the permanent and secure sealing of
geothermal probe boreholes. Groundwa-
ter, water under tension and gas can be-
come problematic with geothermal probe
boreholes. The GEOtight® fabric packer is
the secure and practical solution for per-
manent and reliable sealing.
21
Technical Manual
4.2.4.1. Possible applications
Figure 11: Possible applications GEO-
tight® fabric packer
1) Protection against the penetration of
contaminated precipitation water (sur-
face water, from car parks, roads etc.
with a free groundwater level)
2) Sealing of two groundwater levels (hy-
draulic short circuit downwards) with
a free groundwater level and additio-
nal protection against the penetration
of contaminated precipitation water
into the upper groundwater level.
2a) Sealing of two groundwater levels packer is fitted based on the positional
(hydraulic short circuit upwards) with
lower groundwater level under tensi-
on and additional protection against
the penetration of contaminated
precipitation water into the upper
groundwater level.
3) Sealing of an artesian well
4) Prevention of a hydraulic short circuit
between two groundwater levels, e.g.
with a free upper groundwater level
and an artesian lower groundwater
level under tension, as well as protec-
tion against the penetration of cont-
aminated precipitation into the upper
groundwater level.
22
4.2.4.2. Description of components
Position Description
1 Upper sealing discs
2 Lower sealing discs
3 Filter fabric hose
4 Jubilee clip
5 Reducing pipe
Table 17: Description of the components
of the fabric packer
Figure 12: Description of the components
of the fabric packer
4.2.4.3. Installation instructions
Instructions for the proper installation and
activation of the GEOtight® (pat.) geother-
mal probe fabric packer
Equipment required on the building
site:
• Mixing equipment to produce cement
slurry
• Pumping equipment for cement slurry
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• Flushing weighing scales to control the
specific weight
• Shut-off unit, consisting of a PN 40 ball
valve and 25 bar pressure gauge
• Transition sections from 25 mm PE ext-
rusion pipe to pumping equipment and
shut-off unit (I-joint threaded connec-
tors etc.)
• 8 mm Allen key for fitting the jubilee
clips
• GEOtight® (pat.) fabric packer kit (for
32 mm and 40 mm probes)
• Additional injection pipes for packer in-
jection and special backfilling above the
packer
Stages
1) Depending on the required use, be-
fore sinking the double-U probe into
the borehole, either pull the filter fa-
bric hose (diameter 175 mm for mini-
mum borehole diameter 140 mm and
maximum diameter 165 mm) over the
standpipe or with filter fabric ho-
ses (150 mm diameter for min. bore-
hole diameter 127 mm and maximum
diameter 140 mm), over the probe
foot and probe and secure it with a
wire hook on the rotary head, mast or
collection equipment while the probe
is being inserted.
2) The double-U probe is inserted, as
usual, with the injection hose briefly
attached over the probe foot and is in-
terrupted at the position at which the
depth.
3) The probe pipes and the injection pipe
are positioned in the openings provi-
ded for this in the upper and lower se-
aling discs. The length of the filter fa-
bric hose (2.50 m) dictates the spacing
between the two sealing discs (1.80-
2.00 m); make sure that this is always
loosely guided into its fitted position.
4) The 25 mm PE packer injection pipe
is positioned in the additional opening
in the upper sealing disc so that the
end of it always reaches to the lower
sealing disc. The 32 mm diameter
opening provided in the sealing discs
through which the injection pipe pas-
ses for backfilling the probe below the
packer, must be sealed when using a
25 mm PE compression pipe using lon-
gitudinally slotted 32 mm PE reducing
pipes, which are pushed over the 25
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mm PE pipe in the opening area of the
sealing discs.
 Technical Manual Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon+41 (0)55 293 25 25
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5) The filter fabric hose is then pulled
over the sealing discs and secured in
place using the jubilee clips provided.
Two jubilee clips are used to fix in pla-
ce and seal the filter hose to the upper
and lower sealing disc. Make sure that
the two jubilee clips are attached at
the position provided (flattened curve)
on the sealing disc.
12) The cement must be compressed in 4.2.4.4. Installation examples
the packer, taking into consideration
the internal pressure resistance for 25
mm PE100 pipes (PN 16), although pa-
cker setting depths of up to 100 met-
res in water-filled boreholes permit up
to an additional 8 bar of pressure, if
the injection hose remains fully filled
with cement.

6) The first jubilee clip is positioned and 13) Once the packer has been filled with Installation of the fabric hose at the top
tightened around the filter fabric hose cement and the permitted compres-
simply pulled over the sealing disc at sion pressure has been applied and
the outer end of the sealing disc. maintained for several minutes, seal
the injection hose with the shut-off
unit and then immediately backfill the
7) The ends of the filter fabric hose are
probe above the packer to ground le-
then pulled over the first jubilee clip so
vel using the injection hose additional-
that the second jubilee clip can then
ly provided for this purpose.
be tightened around a double layer
of the fabric hose around the sealing
disc. HakaGerodur cannot accept liability Installation of the fabric hose at the bot-
for incorrectly carried out installation tom
work.
8) Before the double-U probe can be in-
serted further into the borehole with
the packer and packer injection pipe,
the injection hose must be secured to
the probe pipe bundle using fabric ad-
hesive tape to backfill the geothermal
probe above the packer.

9) Once the geothermal probe has been

inserted to the required depth, the
borehole is backfilled from the pro-
be foot to the depth of the packer
through the injection pipe passed th-
rough the packer. Calculate the vo-
lume of this backfilling section with
a 10-20% margin to ensure that the
suspension definitely reaches as far as
the packer or even beyond. Installation of the packer sealing element

10) Before activating the packer, the end

of the probe pipes filled with water
have to be sealed pressure-tightly with
blanking plugs.

11) A minimum of twice the mathematical

volume of the packer and packer in-
jection pipe must be calculated when
inserting the cement slurry to activate
the packer. Mix the cement slurry to a
specific weight of 1.8 kg/litre (mixing
ratio: 50 kg cement - 25 litres water =
42 litres cement slurry), checking this
using flushing scales before pumping
in.
Pushing the packer over the standpipe
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Figure 13: Example showing installation

of the fabric packer

23
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4.2.4.5. More information
An installation certificate can also
be produced and printed online at
http://www.hakagerodur.ch by entering
the serial number of the GEOtight® fabric
packer.
The patent issued for this product is EP
1865 146 B1 (CH, EU)
4.2.5. Test procedure after sinking
(pressure test / flow test as per
SIA 384 / 6:2010)
II The tests on the installed geothermal
probes must be carried out in accor-
dance with SIA384 / 6 (issue 2010).
The acceptance test involves three
tests, for which all measuring results
are recorded in writing in an acceptan-
ce report:
• Flushing: every geothermal probe must
be fully flushed through at least once
• Flow test: the differential pressure bet-
ween the flow and return is measured
at a constant flow rate and is compa-
red with the theoretical value stated in
the SIA standard. The deviation of both
values may not exceed +/– 15%
• Leak test: this must be done directly af-
ter backfilling and be based on SN EN
805
a pressure of 21 bar is not exceeded )) The pressure test is passed if there is a
along the entire length. maximum pressure drop of less than
• The geothermal probe and connecting 0.1 bar between the 1st and 3rd mea-
pipes are fully filled with water and ven- surement.
ted.
Material required: Pressure gauge with a
Implementation: resolution of better than 0.01 bar, pressu-
Check whether the above prerequisites re range as per the test, minimum 12 bar;
have been met. 2 sliders, vent valve, venting; pressure
a) 1 hr rest time in an unloaded state for pump; 1-litre measuring cup. All connec-
the pipes to be measured tions are designed to 16 bar.
b) Build up the test pressure (10 – 12 bar Record the results in a report or print out
– depending on the depth – as per SIA as a diagram similar to the above example.
384/6)
c) Maintain the test pressure for 10 mi-
nutes d) 1 hr waiting time, during
which the pipe can fully expand
e) Measure the remaining pressure.
A decrease of 20% from the test
pressure is acceptable due to pipe
expansion. Larger deviations are
based on air pockets or leaks. The
test must be restarted at point a).
Ý Rapid pressure release of 2 bar by
draining water. Measure the drained
volume of water and the new pressu-
re value. Check the volume of water
against the above diagram.
f) After 10 minutes 1st pressure measu-
rement.
After another 10 minutes 2nd pressu-
re measurement.
After a further 10 minutes, 3rd and
final pressure measurement

4.2.6. Leak test as per SIA 384/6

(issue: 2010)

Comply with the following prerequisites

for the test:
Horizontal connecting pipes:
• Constant temperature of the pipe wall
throughout the duration of the test
• No direct sunlight on the pipes

Geothermal probes:
• Complete backfilling with the suspen-
sion
• In fissured zones and in permeable areas
where backfilling has not been done
completely, in agreement with the re-
sponsible authorities, the pressure test
must be adapted to the circumstances
to prevent damage to the geothermal
probes. This also applies to backfilling
with other densities.
• Select the test pressure so that the mi-
nimum over-pressure of the pipes at the
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foot of the geothermal probe is 0.5 bar

throughout the entire test and the mini-
mum head pressure is 7.5 bar and that Figure 14: Pressure testing of geothermal probes on the basis of SN EN 805

24
 Technical Manual Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon+41 (0)55 293 25 25
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4.2.7. Backfilling the borehole aled,, chemically and physically stable fied exceptional cases and taking into
insertion of the geothermal probe into account the design of the collector.
Backfilling the borehole fundamentally the surrounding rocks
has three purposes – to create a complete • The injection pipe remains in the bore- )) The system may require approval de-
and permanent seal, ensure stability and hole, fully filled with compressed mate- pending on the regional provisions of
guarantee a high level of thermal conduc- rial the Federal Water Act.
tivity. (SIA 384 / 6) • When using several injection pipes, pay
attention to the backfilling sequence
• Monitor backfilling: II Provide distributors with balancing
II The following rules must be adhered – Monitor backfilling of the geothermal valves with collector circuits of dif-
to when backfilling the borehole: probes after completion of the work ferent lengths to guarantee an even
• During backfilling, the geothermal pro- – A post-injection will be necessary if it flow and thus a consistent heat trans-
be pipes must be fully filled with water, is found that the injection level has fer between the circuits.
sealed pressure-tight at the top and fit- fallen by more than 2 metres With collector circuits of different
ted with a pressure gauge so that the lengths, there is a stronger flow th-
pipes are not pressed together and so rough shorter runs, resulting in a loss
that any possible pressure drop can be 5. Planning / installation regulations of output from the entire geothermal
detected for soil collectors system.
• Note the pressure conditions when
compressing the geothermal probes II A geothermal soil collector system can
– specifically the differential pressu- only be designed and installed in ac-
re (inner over-pressure/outer pressu- cordance with VDI Guideline 4640.
re). The differential pressure may not
exceed 21 bar inner over-pressure (inner The pipes should only be laid by a recog-
to outer) and 8 bar outer over-pressure nised specialist company. Note the design
(outer to inner) during the compression documents and operating instructions is-
process with PN 16 geothermal probes! sued by the heat pump manufacturer.
When using PN 20 geothermal probes,
the differential pressure is 25 bar in-
ner over-pressure (inner to outer) and II Make sure that soil collectors are never
12 bar outer over-pressure (outer to developed or built over and that the
inner). surface is not sealed. It is only possible
• The injection pipes are designed for a to deviate from this principle in justi-
temporary (< 1h) maximum pressure
of 34 bar @20 °C (With higher outsi-
de temperatures, the permissible maxi-
mum pressure is reduced by 40 – 50%!) Collector
• Secure the filling pipe to the geothermal Distributor
probe foot or the GEROtherm® PUSH
and insert it into the borehole when the
geothermal probe is being sunk into the
soil
• Press a suitable suspension (filling ma-
terial) into the borehole from the bot-
tom to the top – do not use the material
from the borehole as filling material!
House wall
• Observe the specifications issued by the Soil
authorities with regard to the backfil-
ling!
• Avoid cavities and air pockets
• The filling suspension must be created
and used in accordance with the manu-
facturer‘s specifications; only a suitable
suspension may be used
• The quantity of the filling suspension
must be registered, recorded in writing
and compared to the theoretically cal-
culated filling quantity Minimum
• Several injection pipes are inserted into bending radius
the borehole depending on the depth
of the borehole and the subsoil condi-
tions Supply and waste pipe
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• After curing, the compressed suspensi-

on must guarantee a permanently se-
Figure 15: Laying instructions for soil collectors

25
Technical Manual
The collector runs preferably come to-
gether at the wall of the building or in the
manhole, generally in the centre of the
collector field with larger systems. The soil
collector pipes should be laid at a depth of
1.2 to 1.5 metres. The spacing between
the pipes is usually 0.3 to 0.8 metres, and
the length of an individual collector circuit
should not exceed 100 metres.
II Please note in this respect the corre-
sponding instructions and information
on your heat pump model.
Cold system components must have a
minimum distance of 0.7 metres from
supply and waste lines and heat carrier pi-
pes must be laid in parallel circuits. If the
excavated material exceeds the maximum
grain diameter of 20 mm, the PE100-RC
collector must be laid into a bed of sand
to avoid possible damage or concentra-
ted local stress directly on the pipe during
operation. PE100-RC collectors can be di-
rectly refilled with the excavated material.
It is essential that the minimum bending
radii are observed when laying the soil
collector pipes to prevent the pipes from
kinking.
)) We recommend the use of soil hooks
(Art. nos. 06.8339 + 06.8340) when
fixing the collector pipes to the soil.
6. Planning / installation regulations
for energy piles
)) Take into account the information
in SIA D 0190 “Use of geothermal
heat with foundation piles and other
concrete components that come into
contact with concrete“ when desig-
ning energy piles. Note the following
aspects in the design and installation
of GEROtherm® energy piles.
26
II Design
• Optimum design / dimensioning adap-
ted to the geology on site is required,
designing every system separately
• Design 10% more energy piles than re-
quired with energy pile systems
• The minimum pipe spacing between the
pipes in the energy pile must be 15 cm,
taking into account the statics calcula-
tions
• Any possible impact on the energy pi-
les must be taken into account in the
design, as well as the impact of any
groundwater flows (system simulation)
• Extraction capacity per metre lies bet-
ween 20 – 75 W/m depending on the
pile diameter and the geology / hydro-
geology
• Tichelmann connections should not be
used (problems with venting etc.)
II Installation
• The heat exchanger pipes must be atta-
ched onto the inside of the reinforcing
baskets with cast in-situ concrete piles
• Secure the pipes to the reinforcing iron
every 1– 2 metres with cable ties
• Connect the pipe to the reinforcing bas-
kets with plastic cable ties. Never use
binding wire
• Provide energy piles during installation
with ball valves and pressure gauges (fil-
ling, venting, pressure build-up)
• Energy piles must be pressurised du-
ring installation, concreting and joining
work (8 – 10 bar)
• Continuously monitor the pressure con-
ditions
• Maintain shut-off valves on the energy
pile during the curing phase of the con-
crete
• Note the pipe manufacturer‘s bending
radii at the foot of the pile
• The pipe ends must project approx. 0.5
to 1.0 m above the end of the pile
• Visibly protect the outlets of the energy
piles from damage (e.g. by fitting a pro-
tective pipe)
• Do not operate the energy piles with
anti-freeze. Only use clear water
• Install an automatic system shut-off
when the minimum temperature of 3°C
is reached
• Every energy pile must be capable of
being shut off individually
• The pipes are brought together in the
foundation slab (the lowest reinforcing
layer = neutral zone), preferably under-
neath the foundation slab, in order to
prevent negative impacts of dew / or
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condensation. The pipes must be insula-
ted to prevent condensation on the soil,
depending on the circumstances
• Maintain the shortest possible distance
between the connecting pipes from the
energy piles to the distributors. Prefer-
ably route the pipes using pipes of an
identical length
• Route flow and return pipes with a spa-
cing of approx. 1 metre
• Make sure that no groundwater can en-
ter through openings in the foundation
slabs
• Avoid welding work on the reinforcing
baskets once the heat exchanger pipes
have been inserted
7. Installation of HakaGerodur SAVE
collectors / distributors and manholes
7.1. Installation of HakaGerodur SAVE
collectors / distributors
II Observe the following installation ru-
les:
• Never use damaged distributors / collec-
tors, connecting pipes and connecting
components
• When connecting GEROtherm® geo-
thermal probes to the SAVE distributor /
collector, feed the geothermal probes in
parallel circuits to the distributor
• Two probe circuits can be connected to
a distributor outlet using a Y-piece or
the Y-piece kit
• The GEROtherm® geothermal probe
must be connected to the SAVE collec-
tor / distributor using approved fittings
and tools (certified overall system)
• Install the SAVE collector / distributor at
the highest point of the system, other-
wise fit a vent device at the highest
point of the system
• Fit individual GEROtherm® geothermal
probes with valves for regulation and
shut-off, if no HakaGerodur SAVE col-
lectors / distributors are used
• Install as many components of the geo-
thermal probe system as possible outsi-
de the building to minimise the insulati-
on outlay (condensation water)
• Make sure that the HakaGerodur AG
fixing set is fitted tightly and free of
tension and overload.
Download the mounting instructions for
the collector / distributor with ball valve
as a PDF on the HakaGerodur AG home-
page: www.hakagerodur.ch
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 Technical Manual
7.2. Installation of HakaGerodur
manholes
II Strictly adhere to the applicable re-
gulations, standards and guidelines.
Standard SIA 190 Sewage Ducts and
the document „In-soil, unpressurised
polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP)
and polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) pipes“
issued by the Swiss Plastic Pipes and
Pipework Association (VKR) apply in
this respect..
7.2.1. Certificate of conformity
• HakaGerodur AG manholes are factory
prefabricated and equipped with built-
in distributor/collector bars and shut-off
and regulating valves.
• The manhole casing is made of po-
lyethylene (PE), which is environmental-
ly-friendly and can be recycled.
• The manholes and collectors / distribu-
tor bars are factory leak-tested before
delivery.
• The manholes are specifically desi-
gned to enable geothermal probes,
soil collectors and energy baskets to be
connected.
• The company accepts no liability for
improper use or modifications to the
product and the consequential effects
of this.
Figure 16: Example of round grain gravel
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7.2.2. Explications avant le montage
• Record the traffic loads, installation
conditions and maximum groundwater
level on the HakaGerodur form. The
data from the form is urgently required
for static design and safe installation.
• Eliminate potential damage by roots
from existing or planted trees.
• Take into consideration the correspon-
ding country-specific guidelines.
• Observe all relevant accident prevention
regulations with all work.
• Always keep the manhole closed, except
when working on the vessel.
7.2.3. Building ground conditions
• Ensure that the base of the trench and
the soil surrounding the manhole are
both water-permeable and do not hold
any groundwater, strata water or back-
water, if this has not been taken into
account in the statics design.
• On slopes, check the terrain for the risk
of soil slippage and provide a stabilising
support structure if necessary.
• Do not permit the area to be developed
and/or affected by the foundation loads
of buildings or similar. Adhere to the
corresponding distances from buildings
or other structures.
• Provide adequate drainage of seepage
water with water-impermeable soils.
• Make sure that the distance from exis-
ting or planned trees is at least the same
at the diameter of the largest crown of
the tree.
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7.2.4. Foundation
• Provide a flat, solid and load-bearing
base on site. The terrain on site may be
adequate depending on the local situa-
tion (soil conditions, water volume, sea-
son etc.) or may require gravel or lean
concrete levelling.
• The footprint of the excavation site must
exceed the dimensions of the manhole
on each side by a minimum of
• 500 mm; the distance from solid con-
structions must be a minimum of
1000 mm.
• Ensure that the subsoil of the excavation
site is sufficiently load-bearing and level
(horizontal). Size the depth of the exca-
vated hole so that round grain gravel or
lean concrete levelling can be poured in
as a substructure.
7.2.5. Groundwater / Negative
buoyancy
• Secure the manhole from buoyancy in
areas with groundwater, strata water or
pressurised water.
7.2.6. Earthwork
• Ensure that the pipe connections are
not under tension and tight during fil-
ling and are not damaged during com-
pacting.
• Only use hand tampers for compacting
the area around the pipe connections,
using water if you need to; top up and
seal the enclosure (round grain gravel
8 / 16) in max. 30 cm layers up to the
upper edge of the vessel
Ý Avoid damage to the manhole.
• You can use graded excavated material
that compacts well. Remove larger bro-
ken rocks to avoid damage to the outer
wall.
• Ensure a perfectly compacted pipe bed /
pipe enclosure without gaps or hollows
for horizontal manholes. Avoid the use
of line supports. You can use grit (max.
grain size 16 mm) up to half the height
of the pipe as the material for the bed /
enclosure.
• The layer thickness of the support is
1/10 of the outer diameter of the pipe,
but should be a minimum of 25 cm.
• In the event of seepage water or water
from the slope penetrating the excava-
tion site, ensure that it is permanently
drained away through a subsoil draina-
ge pipe. This measure prevents uncon-
trollable external forces and the const-
ruction site becoming overloaded.
27
Technical Manual
7.2.7. Traffic loads
• Ensure that no vehicles drive over small
manholes.
• Take into account the required load
class for traffic loads in the statics cal-
culation. In addition, ensure adequate
load distribution by using an appropria-
te design for the transport surface.
• If manholes are installed adjacent to
transport surfaces that carry vehicles
weighing more than 12 tonnes, the
minimum distance from these surfaces
must be at least the depth of the exca-
vation site.
• Concrete a 2 x 2 metre support plate
around the top section if the installation
is in areas that have no standard road
construction.
• Make sure that there is no direct load
contact between the load distribution
plate and/or the manhole head / man-
hole dome. All traffic loads have to be
absorbed in the subsoil.
7.2.8. General
• Check all fittings and joints within the
manhole before commissioning the sys-
tem. Make sure that there are no loose
fittings and joints.
• Only GEROtherm® manhole types 1-4
are permitted for use in and below the
foundation slab. GEROtherm® small
manholes are not intended for use in
the foundation slab area.
• The site management is responsible for
selecting the excavation site and secu-
ring it.
• Slope stabilisation and other foundati-
on engineering problems lie within the
remit of the planner or, if need be, a
specialist.
• Inspect the manhole for any damage
before sinking it.
• Smoothly lift the manhole using the
pre-assembled lifting eyes when moving
it. Place the manhole gently and wi-
thout impacts into the excavated hole.
• Never use the pipe connections on the
collectors / distributors as carry aids,
handles or fixing points.
• Do not use the pipes and fittings as
climbing aids when entering the man-
hole.
• We expressly reserve the right to make
technical changes and improvements.
Download the mounting instructions for
the manholes as a PDF on the HakaGero-
dur AG homepage: www.hakagerodur.ch
28
8. Connecting pipes to the collector /
distributor
The following general laying guidelines
and laying instructions apply to PE100-RC
and PE100-RT connecting pipes to GERO-
therm® collectors / distributors laid in soil.
II The preparation and laying of connec-
ting pipes to collectors / distributors
should only be done by trained speci-
alist personnel
The following regulations generally apply
when establishing connections.
• The corresponding national regulations
apply when laying connecting pipes:
– EN 12201
– DIN 16963 Part 1– Part 15 (PE pipe
components)
– HR 3.26 issued by SKZ Würzburg
– VDI 4640 „Thermal utilisation of the
subsoil“
– SIA 384 / 6:2010
– DVS 2207-1
– VKR RL02 „Soil-covered pressurised
pipes made of polyethylene PE80 and
PE100“; 07/2007
• Pay attention to the direction of flow in-
dicated on the geothermal probe to gu-
arantee correct connection of the pipes
• Never use damaged connection compo-
nents (e.g. E-sleeves, T-pieces, brackets.
PE pipes etc.)
• Never go below the prescribed bending
radius of pipes
• Only welded connections are permitted
for connections in the ground!
• A bed of sand is not necessary when
using material quality PE100-RC
• Label pipes laid in soil with a warning
tape
• Only allow trained and qualified specia-
list personnel (DVS Welding Certificate
or VKE Welder‘s Passport) to produce
welded connections
• Dig the pipe trench so that the pre-
scribed minimum coverage of 1.0 to
1.8 metres can be guaranteed for all
connecting pipes, depending on the cli-
mate and soil.
• Adhere to the applicable safety regu-
lations issued by the authorities for all
excavation work!
• Dig the base of the trench so that the
pipes lie evenly on it
• In the event of multiple feed/return
runs, ensure that they are thermally se-
parated from each other within a single
trench
• Make sure that all connection runs are
of the same length and laid with an
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even gradient to the geothermal probes
• Ensure the use of approved, tested and
maintained tools
• Individually label all welded joints with
the date, time and signature (proof of
the welded joint having been made
Ý Complete a welding report)
• Fit a venting unit to both the distributor
/ collector, or at the highest point of the
system
.
Figure 17: Reel with PE pipes
• When unwinding the pipes from drums
or coils, pay attention to the fact that
the ends of the pipes can lash out when
the fastening is removed (risk of acci-
dent!)
• When unwinding, make sure that the
flexibility of the PE pipes is affected by
the ambient temperature.
II Take into account temperature-depen-
dent temperature elongation when
shortening and laying the connecting
pipes. The pipe extends with an in-
crease in temperature and shortens as
the temperature falls, with a 1 metre
length of PE pipe reducing by 0.2 mm
per K!
GEROtherm® PE 100-RC connecting pipes
can be laid without a bed of sand as they
have been certified by an independent test
institute. The pipe trench is backfilled with
material classified as compression classes
V1-V3 in accordance with ZTVA StB 97.
Heated coil welding (HM) is recommen-
ded for the connection of GEROtherm®
geothermal probes and energy piles to the
connecting pipes to the distributor / col-
lector. High-quality connection elements
are available for this
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Summary of the work instructions 9. Filling the GEROtherm® geothermal

according to DVS 2207-1 for the hea- system and pressure testing
ted-coil welding of GEROtherm® GTP /
energy piles and connecting pipes, II Refer to the operating instructions for
Y-pieces, distributors/collectors made the heat pump. Only permit qualified
of PE100-RC: specialist personnel to fill the system
1. Create permissible working condi- and perform a pressure test. Hand
tions, e.g. protection from damp, over the test certificate to the owner
wind, temperatures of < 0°C etc. of the building. Note the following im-
2. Connect the welding unit to the pow- portant points when filling:
er source and check that it is working • Only fill GEROtherm® geothermal sys-
properly tems with permitted heat carriers which
3. De-bur the outside of the right-angled do not endanger the water (see table
separated geothermal probe/energy 14; Suitable heat carriers).
pile ends • Never use other liquids.
• Individually flush all connected geother-
4. Where necessary, ensure the round-
mal probes or energy piles before filling
ness of the pipe ends using rounded
to ensure that they are free of air. At all
pressure clamps; permitted non-circu-
costs avoid air pockets.
larity 1.5%
• Fill each probe circuit individually and
5. Machine the pipe surface with a rota- monitor the filling volume per circuit
tion peeler to remove metal (constant • Flush in both directions using sufficient-
metal removal max. 0.2 mm) ly large flushing pumps
6. Remove the electrofusion fittings from • Adjust the concentration of the brine in
their original packaging line with the heat pump manufacturer‘s
7. Clean the machined surface of the GE- instructions and record this in writing.
ROtherm® geothermal probes / energy
piles and the inner surface of the elec- II Make sure that the brine is evenly mi-
trofusion fittings with a cleaning fluid xed before it is filled to prevent the
that is approved for PE surfaces and a glycol clotting in the pipes. Refer to
lint-free, ink-free paper the Material Safety Data Sheets for the
8. Insert the geothermal probe / energy chemicals used.
pile and connecting pipe tension-free
and without force into the electrofu- The following table provides an overview
sion fitting, secure with the integrated of the volume per metre of GEROtherm®
screws and visibly mark the insertion geothermal probe to estimate the volume
depth. CAUTION: Ensure the correct of brine required.
insertion depth!
9. Connect the welding unit cable to the
electrofusion fitting sockets without
any weight strain
10. Where necessary, check the settings
and/or data display on the device dis-
play and enter the welding data (scan
the barcode on the electrofusion fit-
ting)
11. Weld as described in the manufactu-
rer‘s instructions and check the result
12. After completion of the welding, re-
move the cable from the electrofusion
fitting
13. Observe the cooling-down time in ac-
cordance with the manufacturer‘s ins-
tructions
14. If there has been no automatic re-
cording, produce a manual welding
report and visibly label the weld in wri-
ting (date, signature, time and end of
the cooling-down time)
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29
Technical Manual
II Once the system has been fully filled,
perform a pressure test at 1.5 times
the operating pressure. Note the fol-
lowing:
• Perform a pressure test on all brine cir-
cuits
• Only use a suitable heat carrier as a
pressure test liquid
• Secure sensitive fittings (e.g. safety
group expansion vessel)
• Monitor the pressure conditions in the
geothermal probe/energy piles
Figure 18: Working conditions
Once the pressure test has been comple-
ted, put any components that have been
removed back into operation.
)) Source for a more detailed descrip-
tion of the filling of geothermal sys-
tems: www.wp-systemmodul.ch (Data
sheet: Filling of geothermal systems,
as a PDF)
10. Operation of GEROtherm® geo-
thermal systems
Figure 19: Machining work in the wel-
ding area
II Initial commissioning must be done
by a specialist company. Refer to the
instructions and operating instructions
provided by the heat pump manufac-
turer!
It is essential that you observe the follo-
wing before commissioning the geother-
mal probe system with heat pump:
Figure 20: Cleaning the surface to be
worked on
GEROtherm®
(outer diameter/wall thickness)
PN16 Ø 25 mm (25 x 2,3 mm)
PN16 Ø 32 mm (32 x 3,0 mm)
PN16 Ø 40 mm (40 x 3,7 mm)
PN16 Ø 50 mm (50 x 4,6 mm)
PN20 Ø 40 mm (40 x 4,5 mm)
PN20 Ø 50 mm (50 x 5,6 mm)
Vario (ordering length 250 m; arith-
metical mean)
Figure 21: Scanning parameters, welding Flux (ordering length 320 m; arithmetical
and compliance with cooling-down time mean)
Table 18: Content of geothermal probes
30
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• All brine circuits need to be vented and
filled with the homogeneously mixed
heat carrier
• All fittings have to be in the operating
position
11. Maintenance of GEROtherm® geo-
thermal systems
GEROtherm® geothermal systems are ge-
nerally maintenance-free. The most popu-
lar heat pumps are also largely maintenan-
ce-free. Please check the corresponding
maintenance instructions from your heat
pump manufacturer in this respect.
)) Check the filling pressure of the geo-
thermal probe annually. Record any
top-up quantities.
12. Shutting down geothermal sys-
tems
When shutting down geothermal probes,
fully flush out the heat carrier and dispose
of it properly in line with the applicable
regulations. Then fully compress the geo-
thermal probe with cured material, lea-
ving no gaps. Report the proper shutting
down of the geothermal probe system to
the responsible authorities.
Double-U probe
(2 circuits / 4 pipes)
1.31 l/m (4 x 0,327 l/m)
2.14 l/m (4 x 0,535 l/m)
3.34 l/m (4 x 0,835 l/m)
5.23 l/m (4 x 1,307 l/m)
3.02 l/m (4 x 0,755 l/m)
4.72 l/m (4 x 1,180 l/m)
3.25 litres/m (4 x 0.812 litres/m)
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3.71 litres/m (4 x 0.928 litres/m)
 Technical Manual Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon+41 (0)55 293 25 25
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13. Tables / Diagrams System element Number of Quantity Unit Total

elements
13.1. Calculation of pressure loss in
Geothermal probes 3 4 pipes, each 0.539 l/m 517 litres
the brine circuit
80 metres
long
13.1.1. Definition of the sample
Connecting pipe Ø 3 2 pipes, each 0.835 l/m 30,1 litres
project
40 mm 6m
Brine distributor 2 1.25 l/m 2,5 litres
• Brine heat pump: Cooling output
VL+RL SAVE97
16  kW  / volumetric flow 3900 l/h
(=3.9 m3/h) Connecting pipe Ø 2 3m 1.307 l/m 7,8 litres
• Geothermal probes: 3 no. 80 m doub- 50 mm
le-U, Ø 32 mm Total brine quantity 557,4 litres
• Connecting pipe: Ø 40 mm from geo-
thermal probe to brine distributor = 6 m Table 19: Total brine volume
• Connecting pipe: Ø 50 mm from brine
distributor to heat pump = 3 m
• Medium: Water (Table 19)
Brine distributor SAVE 97: Brine distri- Pressure loss per
Maximum assumed pressure loss for SAVE butor distributor bar
13.1.2. Calculation of brine volume in 97 to SAVE 250:
the system SAVE 97 1.0 mbar
• 2 brine distributors SAVE 97 x 1 mbar
Litre contents per metre were taken from = 2.0 mbar SAVE 125 3.0 mbar
Table 22.
SAVE 180 4.0 mbar
Connecting pipe Ø 50 mm: SAVE 250 5.0 mbar
13.1.3. Calculation of pressure loss in
the system • 3,900 l/h / 3,600 = 1.08 l/s
• As per Table 22 pressure loss at 1.08 l/s Table 20: Assumed pressure loss SAVE
Pressure losses per metre were taken from
Table 22. = 2.39 mbar/m
• 2 pipes VL+RL x 3 m x 2.39 mbar/m
= 14.34 mbar
Geothermal probes Ø 32 mm:
Total volumetric flow for the project: Total pressure loss in the system:
3,900 l/h
Number of geothermal probes: 3 no. II The added pressure loss of 165.94
double-U circuits: 2 no. Conversion factor mbar for the total sample project is
from l/h to l/s: 3600 based on water as a heat carrier. If
• 3,900 l/h / (3 geothermal probes x 2 another heat carrier or mixture is used,
double-U x 3600) = 0.18 l/s an additional factor must be multip-
• As per Table 22 pressure loss at 0.18 l/s lied for the pressure loss.
= 0.86 mbar/m
• Example:
Antifrogen® N heat carrier (Relative
)) The pressure loss should only be calcu- pressure loss diagram table) Mixing ra-
lated once per double-U, as the dou- tio: 20% Antifrogen and 80% water
ble-U geothermal probe is a parallel • Brine temperature: 0°C
connection. • Read factor from table: 1.5
• Total pressure drop including
• 2 pipes x 80 m x 0.86 mbar/m heat carrier: 165.94 mbar x 1.5 =
= 137.6  mbar 248.91 mbar = 0.25 bar

Connecting pipe Ø 40 mm:

• 3,900 l/h / (3 geothermal probes x
3600) = 0.36 l/s
• As per Table 22 pressure loss at 0.36 l/s System element Total
= 1.0 mbar/m
Geothermal probes Ø 32 mm 137.6 mbar
• 2 pipes VL+RL x 6 m x 1.0 mbar/m
= 12.0 mbar Connecting pipe Ø 40 mm 12.0 mbar
Brine distributor VL+RL SAVE 97 2.0 mbar
Connecting pipe Ø 50 mm 14.34 mbar
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Total brine quantity 165.94 mbar

Table 21: Total pressure loss in the system

31
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13.2. Pressure loss tables

13.2.1. Pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S5, SDR 11, PN 16

de x e 25 x 2.3 mm 32 x 3.0 mm 40 x 3.7 mm

l/m 0.327 0.531 0.835
v Q R Q R Q R
m/s l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m
0.10 0.0327 0.10 0.0531 0.062 0.0835 0.073
0.15 0.0490 0.27 0.0796 0.200 0.1250 0.150
0.20 0.0654 0.44 0.1060 0.320 0.1670 0.240
0.25 0.0817 0.65 0.1330 0.470 0.2090 0.350

0.30 0.0981 0.90 0.1590 0.650 0.2500 0.490

0.35 0.1140 1.18 0.1860 0.860 0.2920 0.640
0.40 0.1310 1.49 0.2120 1.090 0.3340 0.810
0.45 0.1470 1.84 0.2390 1.340 0.3760 1.000
0.50 0.1630 2.22 0.2650 1.620 0.4170 1.210

0.55 0.1800 2.63 0.2920 1.920 0.4590 1.440

0.60 0.1960 3.07 0.3190 2.250 0.5010 1.680
0.65 0.2120 3.55 0.3450 2.600 0.5430 1.950
0.70 0.2290 4.06 0.3720 2.970 0.5840 2.230
0.75 0.2450 4.60 0.3980 3.370 0.6260 2.530

0.80 0.2610 5.17 0.4250 3.790 0.6680 2.840

0.85 0.2780 5.78 0.4510 4.230 0.7090 3.170
0.90 0.2940 6.41 0.4780 4.700 0.7510 3.520
0.95 0.3110 7.08 0.5040 5.190 0.7930 3.890
1.00 0.3270 7.78 0.5310 5.700 0.8350 4.280

de x e 50 x 4.6 mm 63 x 5.8 mm 75 x 6.8 mm

l/m 1.307 2.074 2.960
v Q R Q R Q R
m/s l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m
0.10 0.1310 0.054 0.2070 0.040 0.2940 0.032
0.15 0.1960 0.110 0.3110 0.081 0.4410 0.064
0.20 0.2610 0.180 0.4150 0.130 0.5880 0.110
0.25 0.3270 0.270 0.5190 0.200 0.7350 0.160

0.30 0.3920 0.370 0.6220 0.270 0.8820 0.220

0.35 0.4580 0.480 0.7260 0.360 1.0300 0.290
0.40 0.5230 0.610 0.8300 0.460 1.1770 0.370
0.45 0.5880 0.750 0.9340 0.560 1.3240 0.450
0.50 0.6540 0.910 1.0370 0.680 1.4710 0.550

0.55 0.7190 1.080 1.1410 0.810 1.6180 0.650

0.60 0.7840 1.270 1.2450 0.950 1.7650 0.760
0.65 0.8500 1.460 1.3490 1.090 1.9120 0.880
0.70 0.9150 1.680 1.4520 1.250 2.0590 1.010
0.75 0.9810 1.900 1.5560 1.420 2.2060 1.140

0.80 1.0460 2.140 1.6600 1.600 2.3530 1.280

0.85 1.1110 2.390 1.7640 1.790 2.5000 1.440
0.90 1.1770 2.650 1.8670 1.980 2.6470 1.600
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

0.95 1.2420 2.930 1.9710 2.190 2.7950 1.760

1.00 1.3070 3.220 2.0750 2.410 2.9420 1.940
Table 22: Pressure loss table of pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S5, SDR 11, PN 16 Ø 25 – 75 mm

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de x e 90 x 8.2 mm 110 x 10.0 mm 125 x 11.4 mm

l/m 4.252 6.359 8.199
v Q R Q R Q R
m/s l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m
0.10 0.4250 0.0250 0.636 0.0190 0.820 0.016
0.15 0.6380 0.0510 0.954 0.0390 1.231 0.033
0.20 0.8510 0.0840 1.272 0.0650 1.641 0.056
0.25 1.0640 0.1300 1.590 0.0970 2.051 0.083

0.30 1.2760 0.1700 1.909 0.130 2.461 0.110

0.35 1.4890 0.2300 2.227 0.180 2.871 0.150
0.40 1.7020 0.2900 2.545 0.230 3.281 0.190
0.45 1.9150 0.3600 2.863 0.280 3.692 0.240
0.50 2.1270 0.4300 3.181 0.340 4.102 0.290

0.55 2.3400 0.5100 3.499 0.400 4.512 0.340

0.60 2.5530 0.6000 3.817 0.470 4.922 0.400
0.65 2.7650 0.7300 4.135 0.540 5.332 0.460
0.70 2.9780 0.8000 4.453 0.620 5.742 0.530
0.75 3.1910 0.9100 4.771 0.710 6.153 0.600

0.80 3.4040 1.0200 5.089 0.800 6.563 0.680

0.85 3.6160 1.1400 5.407 0.890 6.973 0.760
0.90 3.8290 1.2700 5.726 0.990 7.383 0.840
0.95 4.0420 1.4000 6.044 1.090 7.793 0.930
1.00 4.2540 1.5400 6.362 1.200 8.203 1.030

de x e 140 x 12.7 mm 160 x 14.6 mm

l/m 10.310 13.430
v Q R Q R
m/s l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m
0.10 1.028 0.014 1.344 0.012
0.15 1.542 0.029 2.016 0.025
0.20 2.056 0.048 2.687 0.041
0.25 2.570 0.072 3.359 0.061

0.30 3.084 0.099 4.031 0.084

0.35 3.598 0.130 4.703 0.110
0.40 4.112 0.170 5.375 0.140
0.45 4.625 0.210 6.047 0.170
0.50 5.139 0.250 6.719 0.210

0.55 5.653 0.300 7.390 0.250

0.60 6.167 0.350 8.062 0.300
0.65 6.681 0.400 8.734 0.340
0.70 7.195 0.460 9.406 0.390
0.75 7.709 0.520 10.078 0.450

0.80 8.223 0.590 10.750 0.500

0.85 8.737 0.660 11.422 0.560
0.90 9.251 0.730 12.093 0.620
0.95 9.765 0.810 12.765 0.690
1.00 10.279 0.890 13.437 0.760
Table 23: Pressure loss table of pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S5, SDR 11, PN 16 Ø 90 – 160 mm
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

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13.2.2. Pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S4, SDR 9, PN 20

PN20 PN20
de x e 40 x 4.5 mm 50 x 5.6 mm
l/m 0.755 1.18
v Q R Q R
m/s l/s mbar/m l/s mbar/m
0.10 0.0755 0.077 0.1180 0.057
0.15 0.1133 0.153 0.1770 0.114
0.20 0.1510 0.252 0.2360 0.188
0.25 0.1888 0.371 0.2950 0.277

0.30 0.2265 0.510 0.3540 0.381

0.35 0.2643 0.668 0.4130 0.499
0.40 0.3020 0.845 0.4720 0.632
0.45 0.3398 1.041 0.5310 0.779
0.50 0.3775 1.254 0.5900 0.939

0.55 0.4153 1.486 0.6490 1.114

0.60 0.4530 1.735 0.7080 1.301
0.65 0.4908 2.003 0.7670 1.502
0.70 0.5285 2.287 0.8260 1.716
0.75 0.5663 2.589 0.8850 1.943

0.80 0.6040 2.908 0.9440 2.183

0.85 0.6418 3.244 1.0030 2.435
0.90 0.6795 3.597 1.0620 2.701
0.95 0.7173 3.967 1.1210 2.980
1.00 0.7550 4.354 1.1800 3.271

Table 24: Pressure loss table of pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S4, SDR 9, PN 20 Ø 40 – 50 mm

03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

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13.3. Long-period internal pressure diagram PE100

Reference characteristic lines of the long-period internal pressure resistance (minimum curves) of pipes made of PE 100 in accordance
with DIN 8075: 1999-08 and made of PE 100-RT in accordance with DIN 16833: 2009-9
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

Figure 22: Long-period internal pressure diagram PE100

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13.4. Diagram of relative pressure loss

of Antifrogen® N-water mixture compared with water (t = +10°C) with turbulent flow
Source: Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH, D-65840 Sulzbach

Figure 23: Diagram of relative pressure loss

13.5. Diagram of frost-proofness

of Antifrogen® N-water mixtures (crystallisation point in accordance with ASTM D 1177)

Source: Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH, D-65840 Sulzbach

03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

Figure 24: Diagram of frost-proofness

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13.6. Diagram of conductivity

of Antifrogen® N –water mixtures of different concentrations

Source: Clariant Produkte Deutschland GmbH, D-65840 Sulzbach

Figure 25: Diagram of conductivity

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13.7. Coil dimensions of roll packages

13.7.1. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 16

Dimension Length ID AD Height (H) Weight Qty / Pal. Pallet

mm m mm mm mm kg cm
32 x 3.0 50 670 970 590 55 3 80 x 80
32 x 3.0 60 650 1000 600 66 3 80 x 80
32 x 3.0 70 770 1125 590 77 3 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 80 680 1030 710 88 2 80 x 80
32 x 3.0 90 640 980 845 97 2 80 x 80
32 x 3.0 100 725 1080 860 110 2 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 112 660 1070 865 123 2 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 125 760 1170 860 137 2 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 137 690 1160 885 150 2 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 150 782 1240 880 164 2 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 162 710 1240 880 177 2 100 x 100

40 x 3.7 50 680 970 870 87 2 100 x 100

40 x 3.7 60 880 1195 850 104 2 100 x 100
40 x 3.7 70 770 1125 865 121 2 100 x 100
40 x 3.7 80 690 1120 910 139 2 100 x 100
40 x 3.7 90 770 1190 900 156 2 100 x 100
40 x 3.7 102 725 1190 900 177 2 100 x 100
40 x 3.7 112 835 1260 900 194 2 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 127 860 1235 1360 220 1 100 x 100

40 x 3.7 140 765 1190 1400 242 1 120 x 120

40 x 3.7 152 830 1250 1400 263 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 165 830 1360 1220 282 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 175 925 1440 1220 303 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 185 835 1335 1370 317 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 200 870 1425 1220 341 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 215 830 1380 1370 372 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 225 850 1480 1220 385 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 240 910 1540 1220 410 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 250 800 1500 1220 427 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7 265 875 1510 1370 458 1 150 x 150
40 x 3.7 275 905 1530 1370 476 1 150 x 150
40 x 3.7 290 805 1510 1370 500 1 150 x 150
40 x 3.7 300 865 1575 1370 519 1 150 x 150

Table 25: Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 16

Tolerances:
ID+AD = + / – 50 mm
H = + / – 50 mm
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

)) Date: 27/07/2016. We reserve the right to amend products and dimensions

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13.7.2. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 20

Dimension Length ID AD Height (H) Weight Qty / Pal. Pallet

mm m mm mm mm kg cm
40 x 4.5 200 880 1415 1220 400 1 120 x 120
40 x 4.5 215 800 1365 1390 430 1 120 x 120
40 x 4.5 225 835 1495 1230 450 1 120 x 120
40 x 4.5 240 905 1540 1230 480 1 120 x 120
40 x 4.5 250 805 1510 1230 500 1 120 x 120
40 x 4.5 265 900 1500 1390 530 1 150 x 150
40 x 4.5 275 900 1500 1390 550 1 150 x 150
40 x 4.5 290 825 1505 1390 580 1 150 x 150
40 x 4.5 300 895 1575 1390 600 1 150 x 150

Table 26: Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 20

Tolerances:
ID+AD = + / – 50 mm
H = + / – 50 mm

)) Date: 27/07/2016. We reserve the right to amend products and dimensions.

13.7.3. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes VARIO

Dimension Length ID AD Height (H) Weight Qty / Pal. Pallet

mm m mm mm mm kg cm
40 x 3.7– 4.1 180 835 1335 1380 315 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7– 4.3 190 870 1370 1380 334 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7– 4.5 200 870 1425 1220 352 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7– 4.5 215 830 1380 1390 426 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7– 4.5 225 850 1480 1230 446 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7– 4.5 240 910 1540 1240 476 1 120 x 120
40 x 3.7– 4.5 250 800 1500 1240 495 1 120 x 120

Table 27: Coil dimensions of Vario geothermal probes

Tolerances :
ID+AD = + / – 50 mm
H = + / – 50 mm

)) Date: 27/07/2016. We reserve the right to amend products and dimensions.

03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

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13.7.4. Coil dimensions of geothermal probes FLUX

Dimension Length ID AD Height (H) Weight Qty / Pal. Pallet

mm m mm mm mm kg cm
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 200 870 1490 1290 380 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 215 960 1570 1290 410 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 225 1020 1630 1290 430 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 240 910 1600 1290 470 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 250 910 1600 1290 500 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 265 860 1550 1460 540 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 275 910 1600 1460 570 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 290 970 1660 1460 600 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 300 1020 1710 1460 630 1 150 x 200
43 x 3.5 – 6.5 320 940 1710 1640 690 1 150 x 200

Table 28: Coil dimensions of geothermal probes FLUX

Tolerances :
ID+AD = + / – 50 mm
H = + / – 50 mm

)) Date: 27/07/2016. We reserve the right to amend products and dimensions.

03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

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13.7.5. Coil dimensions of injection pipes

Dimension Length ID AD Height (H) Weight Qty / Pal. Pallet

mm m mm mm mm kg cm
25 x 2.3 52 740 955 120 9.0 10 80 x 80
25 x 2.3 62 725 990 140 10.7 10 80 x 80
25 x 2.3 72 660 915 150 12.4 10 80 x 80
25 x 2.3 82 620 930 150 14.1 10 80 x 80
25 x 2.3 92 700 995 150 15.8 10 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 102 650 995 150 17.6 10 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 114 735 1030 175 19.6 10 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 129 730 1070 150 22.2 10 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 142 705 1140 150 24.4 10 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 154 722 1100 175 26.5 10 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 167 680 1105 175 28.7 10 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 177 710 1060 210 30.1 8 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 187 760 1155 210 32.0 8 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 202 710 1140 210 34.8 8 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 227 710 1200 210 39.1 8 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 252 705 1230 210 43.4 8 100 x 100
25 x 2.3 277 700 1260 210 47.7 8 120 x 120
25 x 2.3 302 685 1255 210 52.0 8 120 x 120

32 x 3.0 104 830 1100 255 28.5 8 100 x 100

32 x 3.0 114 710 1050 255 31.3 8 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 129 825 1150 255 35.4 8 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 142 730 1170 255 38.9 8 100 x 100
32 x 3.0 154 815 1205 255 42.2 8 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 167 730 1190 255 45.8 8 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 177 790 1250 255 48.5 8 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 187 850 1295 255 51.2 8 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 202 780 1275 255 55.4 8 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 227 800 1245 325 62.2 5 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 252 750 1245 325 69.1 5 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 277 840 1355 325 75.9 5 120 x 120
32 x 3.0 302 720 1255 360 82.8 5 120 x 120

Table 29: Coil dimensions of injection pipes

The PE-HD injection pipe temporarily withstands en injection pressure up to 32 bar @ 20°C.

)) Date: 27/07/2016. We reserve the right to amend products and dimensions

03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

41
42
22
Drilling report/Lager description
© FWS (Mustervorlage SIA/BAFU)

Approval No.: ..................................................................... dated: ........................................................................... Order No.: ......................................................................................................................

Technical Manual

Drill Master: ........................................................................ Object: .......................................................................... Location/Municipality: .....................................................................................................

Technical Handbook

Drilling start : ................. end: ......................... Coordinates: ................................................. Height: ............ ( estimated,  measured) Borehole No. ........ of ................. Borehole acc. to location sketch
13.8. Drilling log template

Water content Drill Wet / Incidents relevant to

Depth Description of the material drilled / layer description Remarks

Figure 26: Drilling log template

type Dry water protection
to Type, Properties Colour S / H drilled Observations WZ SV IV K G Depth

wet
damp
dry
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

……….. Final depth (drill depth)     

Drill unit: Piping, Æ

9.7. Sample Drilling Report (according to SIA 384/6:2010 ©FWS Mustervorlage rev. SIA)

Sampling: all .............................

Drill elevation: ........................ +“/- 0.0m drill elevation to depth in m

Samples:collected
Drill bit (Model, Æ):  taken
 Inclined bore: Direction: ................ Angle: ...................... (SM: step bit, RM: roller bit, IH:
 deposited
Giessenstrasse

Down-the-hole hammer, EX:

CH-8717 Benken

Date: Eccentric)
 where.................
CH-8717 3Benken
Fax

S = Flush boring
H = Hammer drilling
~ = wet drilled
- = dry drilled
Water entry
Injection losses
Caverns
Suspicion of gas

Flushing losses

Signature Drill master

Telefon

Source: SIA 384/6:2010

Fax+41 (0)55
HakaGerodur

Source: SIA 384/6:2010)

+41 (0)55
+41 (0)55 293 25 99
293 25293
25 25 99
Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon+41 (0)55 293 25 25

03/2010 | EWS-2078

03/10/2016 | EWS-2082
 Technical Manual
HakaGerodur
Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon+41 (0)55 293 25 25
Technical Handbook Giessenstrasse
CH-8717 3 Benken
Telefon Fax
+41 (0)55
+41293 25 25
(0)55 293 25 99
CH-8717 Benken Fax +41 (0)55 293 25 99

13.9. Sample test and acceptance report

9.8. Sample Test and Acceptance Report (according to SIA 384/6:2010)

Object: Order No. :

Geothermal probes No.

Factory Identification Number ID:

Roll pair number (e.g. 0040) No.

Length (integrated probe) m

External diameter / Wall thickness mm / / /

Flow check Test date
KL1/KL2 KL1 KL2 KL1/KL2 KL1 KL2 KL1/KL2 KL1 KL2
Water flow volume l / min
Pressure during flow bar
Condition met? Yes / No
Leakage test Test date
acc. to SIA 384/6 (based on SN EN 805) Set value Actual value Set value Actual value Set value Actual value
Read-out accuracy 0.01 bar KL1/KL2 KL 1 KL2 KL1/KL2 KL1 KL2 KL1/KL2 KL1 KL2

Sequence Test pressure procedure for: bar

in minutes (Dependent on the length of the EWS and the
density of the back-filling; see SIA 384/2 Appendix
B2 Tab. 4)
Filling probe with water
0 Apply test pressure bar
10 Pressure at end of pressure bar
maintenance
60 End of static pressure drop bar
(perm. pressure drop acc. to manufacturer)
Pressure after pressure
reduction bar
(Reduction 10% of the test pressure, min.
1 bar)
Quantity of drained water l
(acc. to SIA 384/6, Appendix B2, Tab. 5)

65 Pressure read out bar

75 Pressure read out bar
90 Pressure at end of main test bar
Condition met: Yes / No
Back-filling Standard: 100 kg Bentonit, 200 kg
cement, 900 l water Date
Bentonit Cement Water Bentonit Cement Water Bentonit Cement Water
Quantity in kg Bentonit, cement, water
or ready-mix: manufacturer, water/100 kg
Total quantity of back-filling in kg / spec. gravity in
kg/m3
yes/no Metre UK Terrain yes/no Metre UK Terrain yes/no Metre UK Terrain
Until UKT met, Yes, if NI up to Metre UKT
Acceptance SIA Norm 118 Polish:
Place and date: Construction manager:
03/2010 | EWS-2078
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

Figure 27:SIA
Source: Sample test and acceptance report, (Source: SIA 384 / 6:2010)
384/6:2010
23

43
 Welding and laying of pipelines from PE laid end-to-end

44
24
Figure
VKR 7. Heated –coil welding

Welding Report

for electrofusion (heated –coil welding)

Technical Manual

PE 100 �
Technical Handbook

Company carrying out *Construction site

Building owner the work Welding unit *Weather protection

sunny 1 None 1

dry 2 Screen 2
Object Welder Manufacture
rain 3 Tent 3

Heated 4
*Construction
Volt (sec. Cooling Mains
No. Date Pipe Ø Series/SDR Ohm Ω Resistance Welding time Temperature *Weather site Generator Signature fitter
voltage) time operation
protection

28: Sample record for the heated coil welding of pipes

9.9. Sample report for the heated-coil welding of pipelines
13.10. Sample record for the heated coil welding of pipes

Copyright by VKR, Verband Kunststoff-Rohre and –Rohrleitungsteile (11.09) A 7.2

Giessenstrasse 3
CH-8717 Benken

Source: VKR, Verband Kunststoff-Rohre and Rohrleitungsteile (Association for Plastic Pipes and Plastic Pipe Components, 5000 Aarau, Switzerland
Fax
CH-8717 Benken Fax
HakaGerodur
+41 (0)55 293 25 99
Telefon +41 (0)55 293 25 25
+41 (0)55 293 25 99
Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon+41 (0)55 293 25 25

03/2010 | EWS-2078

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14. Certificates for GEROtherm® geothermal systems

14.1. SKZ
03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

Figure 29: SKZ certificate

45
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14.2. Kiwa – Komo

KOMO®
technical approval-with-product certificate
Number K84660/01 Replaces -

Issued 2014-09-09 Dated -

Valid until Indefinite Page 1 of 3

Plastics piping systems intended for geothermal heat exchange

GEROTHERM® Geothermal Systems

STATEMENT BY KIWA
This technical approval-with-product certificate is issued by Kiwa on the basis of BRL 5219
"Plastics piping systems intended for geothermal heat exchange in closed loops’" issued on
8 November 2013 by Kiwa, in accordance with the Kiwa regulations for product certification.

Kiwa declares that legitimate confidence exists that:

- the by the producer manufactured products comply with the technical specifications as laid
down in this technical approval-with-product certificate provided that they have been marked
®
with the KOMO -mark in the manner as indicated in this technical approval-with-product
certificate;
- the with certified products composed Gerotherm® system provides the performances as
described in the technical approval-with-product certificate, provided that:
- the manufacturing of the Gerotherm® system intended for heating systems takes place
according to the processing methods as laid down in this technical approval-with-
product certificate;
- the application conditions as described in this approval-with-product certificate are met.

Within the framework of this technical approval-with-product certificate Kiwa does not impose any
inspections with regard to the production of other parts of the Gerotherm® system, nor the
manufacturing of the Gerotherm® system itself.

Bouke Meekma
Kiwa

The certificate is listed in the overview on the website of Stichting KOMO: www.komo.nl.
Advice: consult www.kiwa.nl in order to ensure that this certificate is still valid.

Kiwa Nederland B.V. HakaGerodur AG

Sir Winston Churchilllaan 273 Giessenstrasse 3
Postbus 70 8717 Benken
2280 AB RIJSWIJK Switzerland
The Netherlands T +41 (0)55 293 25 25
Tel. +31 70 414 44 00 F +41 (0)55 293 25 99
Fax +31 70 414 44 20 E secretariat@hakagerodur.h
info@kiwa.nl I www.hakagerodur.ch
www.kiwa.nl

Evaluated is:
Quality system
Product in application
Periodic inspection

Figure 30: Kiwa – Komo certificate

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14.3. ISO 9001:2008

03/10/2016 | EWS-2082

Figure 31: ISO 9001:2008 certificate

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15. Appendix

15.1. Table of figures

Figure 1: Overview of geothermal energy..................................................................................................................................................................3

Figure 2: Energy balance of near-surface geothermal energy................................................................................................................................4
Figure 3: Overview of GEROtherm® systems..............................................................................................................................................................5
Figure 4: GEROtherm® manufacturing certificate for geothermal probes............................................................................................................6
Figure 5: Total greenhouse gas emissions in the manufacture, transport and disposal of different materials ...........................................10
Figure 6: Wall thickness distribution with internal pressure and buckling pressure resistance of a GEROtherm® Vario............................12
Figure 7: Wall thickness distribution and pressure resistance of a GEROtherm® FLUX geothermal probe...................................................13
Figure 8: Dimensions of the probe foot GEROtherm® FLUX.................................................................................................................................13
Figure 9: Installation overview of the GEROtherm® SAVE collector / distributor...............................................................................................19
Figure 10: Layout diagram of the SAVE collector / distributor..............................................................................................................................20
Figure 11: Possible applications GEOtight® fabric packer......................................................................................................................................22
Figure 12: Description of the components of the fabric packer...........................................................................................................................22
Figure 13: Example showing installation of the fabric packer..............................................................................................................................23
Figure 14: Pressure testing of geothermal probes on the basis of SN EN 805...................................................................................................24
Figure 15: Laying instructions for soil collectors......................................................................................................................................................25
Figure 16: Example of round grain gravel................................................................................................................................................................27
Figure 17: Reel with PE pipes.....................................................................................................................................................................................28
Figure 18: Working conditions...................................................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 19: Machining work in the welding area.....................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 20: Cleaning the surface to be worked on..................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 21: Scanning parameters, welding and compliance with cooling-down time.......................................................................................30
Figure 22: Long-period internal pressure diagram PE100.....................................................................................................................................35
Figure 23: Diagram of relative pressure loss............................................................................................................................................................36
Figure 24: Diagram of frost-proofness......................................................................................................................................................................36
Figure 25: Diagram of conductivity...........................................................................................................................................................................37
Figure 26: Drilling log template.................................................................................................................................................................................42
Figure 27: Sample test and acceptance report, (Source: SIA 384 / 6:2010).......................................................................................................43
Figure 28: Sample record for the heated coil welding of pipes............................................................................................................................44
Figure 29: SKZ certificate............................................................................................................................................................................................45
Figure 30: Kiwa – Komo certificate...........................................................................................................................................................................46
Figure 31: ISO 9001:2008 certificate........................................................................................................................................................................47
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 Technical Manual Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon+41 (0)55 293 25 25
CH-8717 Benken Fax +41 (0)55 293 25 99

15.2. List of tables

Table 1: Near-surface geothermal energy systems...................................................................................................................................................5

Table 2: Possible extraction capacity of soil collectors.............................................................................................................................................6
Table 3: Overview of GEROtherm® small manholes.................................................................................................................................................8
Table 4: Overview of GEROtherm® manhole types 1 / 2 / 3 / 4..............................................................................................................................9
Table 5: Material properties of GEROtherm® geothermal probes........................................................................................................................11
Table 6: Comparison of the pressure losses of GEROtherm® VARIO and PN 20...............................................................................................12
Table 7: Comparison of pressure losses GEROtherm® PN 20 / VARIO................................................................................................................13
Table 8: Pressure loss comparison: GEROtherm® FLUX and PN 20......................................................................................................................14
Table 9: TRT GTP Ø 40 mm PN 20 300 m................................................................................................................................................................14
Table 10: TRT GTP FLUX Ø 43 mm 293 m...............................................................................................................................................................14
Table 12: Comparison of pressure loss of GEROtherm® PN 20 / FLUX................................................................................................................15
Table 14: Suitable heat carriers Source SIA 384 / 6:2010, SN 546 384 / 6, issue 2010...................................................................................17
Table 15: Popular pipe series (Source VKR Pipes laid in soil).................................................................................................................................17
Table 16: Overview of collectors / distributors........................................................................................................................................................20
Table 17: Description of the components of the fabric packer............................................................................................................................22
Table 18: Content of geothermal probes.................................................................................................................................................................30
Table 19: Total brine volume......................................................................................................................................................................................31
Table 20: Assumed pressure loss SAVE....................................................................................................................................................................31
Table 21: Total pressure loss in the system..............................................................................................................................................................31
Table 22: Pressure loss table of pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S5, SDR 11, PN 16 Ø 25 – 75 mm......................................................32
Table 23: Pressure loss table of pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S5, SDR 11, PN 16 Ø 90 – 160mm.....................................................33
Table 24: Pressure loss table of pressurised water pipes PE100-RC, S4, SDR 9, PN 20 Ø 40 – 50 mm.........................................................34
Table 25: Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 16.......................................................................................................................................38
Table 26: Coil dimensions of geothermal probes PN 20.......................................................................................................................................39
Table 27: Coil dimensions of Vario geothermal probes.........................................................................................................................................39
Table 28: Coil dimensions of geothermal probes FLUX.........................................................................................................................................40
Table 29: Coil dimensions of injection pipes...........................................................................................................................................................41
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49
Technisches Handbuch
Giessenstrasse 3 Telefon +41 (0)55 293 25 25
CH-8717 Benken Fax +41 (0)55 293 25 99

Standorte HakaGerodur
16. HakaGerodur AG sites AG

Gossau Benken Neustadt in Sachsen

HakaGerodur AG HakaGerodur AG GERODUR MPM

Mooswiesstrasse 67 Giessenstrasse 3 Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH & & Co.
Co. KG
KG
Postfach CH-8717 Benken SG SG Andreas-Schubert-Strasse 6
CH-9201 Gossau SG
CH-9200 Telefon +41 (0)55
Telefon +41 (0)55 293
293 25 25 D-01844 Neustadt inin Sachsen
Sachsen
Telefon +41
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(0)71 388
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94 Fax
Fax +41 (0)55
+41 (0)55 293
293 25 99 Telefon +49 (03596)
Telefon +49 (03596) 58
58 33-0
Fax
Fax +41 (0)71
+41 (0)71 388
388 94
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Fax +49 (03596)
+49 (03596) 60
60 24 04
sekretariat@hakagerodur.ch www.hakagerodur.ch info@gerodur.de
www.hakagerodur.ch www.gerodur.de

Gesamtverkaufsprogramm
Total Sales Range
Heating & Plumbing
Geschäftsbereich Division,
Heizung Gossau/Benken/
+ Sanitär,
Neustadt
Gossau / Neustadt
•• Fussbodenheizungsrohre
Underfloor heating pipesaus made of PE 100-RT, PB
and
PE PE-X PB und PE-X
100-RT,
•• Mehrschicht-Verbundrohre
Multi-layered composite pipes aus made of plastic/
Kunststoff/Metall
metal
• Sanitärrohre
• Sanitary pipes
• Spezialrohre, z.B. für Deckenkühlung
• Special pipes, e.g. for chilled ceilings or oil product
oder Ölprodukteleitungen
pipes

Geschäftsbereich
Pipe Systems Division, Rohrsysteme,
Benken/Neustadt
Benken/Neustadt
• Pressurised PE pipes for
•• PE-Druckrohre für
Gas / Water / Waste water
• Gas / Wasser
GEROfit ® / Abwasser
protective pipe sleeve
GEROfit®-Schutzmantelrohr
•• GEROfit ®
REX – Impermeable protective pipe sleeve
•• Kanalisations-
Sewage and seepage pipes
und Sickerrohre
•• Kabelschutz
Cable protection
rohre pipes
•• Hausentwässerungsrohre
Residential drainage pipes
•• Rohre
Pipes für
for Industrieanwendungen
industrial applications (liquids / gas
transport)
(Flüssigkeiten- / Gastransport)
•• Konfektionierte
Assembled plastic components
Kunststoffteile
Geothermal Probe Division, Benken
Geschäftsbereich Erdwärmesonden, Benken
• Pipe systems for using near-surface geothermal
• Rohrsysteme
energy for airzur Nutzung der
conditioning (cooling and heating)
oberflächennahen
of buildings geothermischen Energie zum
Klimatisieren (Kühlen und Heizen)
• Comprehensive range of accessories von Gebäuden
• Umfassendes Zubehör-Programm
Profiles Division, Gossau
Geschäftsbereich
• Profiles made of Profile, Gossau
polyolefins / technical plastics for
mechanical
• Profile engineering,
aus Polyolefinen environmental
/ techn. enginee-
Kunststoffen für
ring, lighting, construction,
Maschinenindustrie, furnitureBeleuchtung,
Umwelttechnik, etc.
• Bau,
In-house
Möbel design
u.a. (CAD) with tool making
• Eigene Konstruktion (CAD) mit Werkzeugbau
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