Gravitational - Discharge - of - Water. Ground Profile - Vs - Piezometric - Elevaton

Gravitational discharge
Data Water propertiies

Required flow rate Q= 60 m /h3
t= 10
Water temperature t= 10 °C m= ###
Pressure in node "0" P0 = 77.4 m r= ###
Tank discharge pressure Pdesc : 20 to 30 m n= ###
Pipe material Material: HDPE PE100
Pipe nominal pressure PN = 20 bar Flow rate (help variable)
Absolute rugosity Rabs = 0.025 mm Q= 0.017
Terrain profile :columns "L" y "Z".
a) Help variable "S"
Required: S =( Q * (S Li/Ai ) / (S Li/vi ) )^0.5
Diametersa and nominal pressures Q= 0.017
Selection of a minimum closing time S Li/Ai = ###
S Li/vi = ###
To obtain: S= ###
Maximum transient pressure ptot_NSS_max < PN
Discharge tank pressure, within specified range b) Equivalent length
Graph: terrain profile vs. piezometric height Leq= S Li/Ai / S
S Li/Ai = ###
g= 9.80665 m/s² S= ###
Leq= ###
Lt =S Li
Lenght Elevation 9476 Nom. diam. Nom. Pres. Interior diameter
L Z DZ DL dn PN di di
Eq. 4
m m m mm - mm m
Node 0 0 4006 0 0 140 20 ### ###
20 4006 -0.43 20 140 20 ### ###
40 4007 -0.10 20 140 20 ### ###
55 4007 -0.41 15 140 20 ### ###
60 4007 -0.14 5 140 20 ### ###
74 4007 0.30 14 140 20 ### ###
80 4007 0.13 6 140 20 ### ###
100 4005 1.30 20 140 20 ### ###
400 3992 13.49 300 140 20 ### ###
800 3983 8.64 400 140 20 ### ###
820 3982 1.64 20 140 20 ### ###
840 3980 1.74 20 140 20 ### ###
860 3978 1.60 20 140 20 ### ###
880 3976 1.84 20 140 20 ### ###
890 3975 1.04 10 140 20 ### ###
900 3974 1.14 10 140 20 ### ###
920 3971 3.03 20 140 20 ### ###
940 3969 2.19 20 140 20 ### ###
948 3968 1.13 8 140 20 ### ###
960 3966 1.53 12 140 20 ### ###
980 3964 2.25 20 140 20 ### ###
995 3962 1.68 15 140 20 ### ###
1000 3962 0.55 5 140 20 ### ###
1400 3924 37.44 400 140 20 ### ###
1401 3924 0.09 1 140 20 ### ###
1420 3923 1.41 19 140 20 ### ###
1440 3921 2.15 20 140 20 ### ###
1451 3920 0.78 11 140 20 ### ###
1460 3919 0.61 9 140 20 ### ###
1461 3919 0.13 1 140 20 ### ###
1471 3918 1.04 10 140 20 ### ###
1480 3917 0.91 9 140 20 ### ###
1481 3917 0.13 1 140 20 ### ###
1491 3916 0.98 10 140 20 ### ###
1500 3915 0.89 9 140 20 ### ###
1500 3915 0.02 0 140 20 ### ###
1510 3915 0.63 9 140 20 ### ###
1520 3914 0.67 10 140 20 ### ###
1520 3914 0.03 0 140 20 ### ###
1530 3914 0.26 10 140 20 ### ###
1540 3913 0.27 10 140 20 ### ###
1540 3913 0.01 0 140 20 ### ###
1550 3913 0.60 10 140 20 ### ###
1560 3912 0.63 10 140 20 ### ###
1560 3912 0.03 0 140 20 ### ###
1570 3912 0.41 10 140 20 ### ###
1580 3911 0.45 10 140 20 ### ###
1590 3911 0.37 10 140 20 ### ###
1600 3911 0.39 10 140 20 ### ###
2000 3896 14.48 400 140 20 ### ###
2500 3925 -29.30 500 140 20 ### ###
2506 3926 -0.34 6 140 20 ### ###
2516 3926 -0.57 10 140 20 ### ###
2520 3927 -0.24 4 140 20 ### ###
2526 3927 -0.12 6 140 20 ### ###
2536 3927 -0.20 10 140 20 ### ###
2540 3927 -0.09 4 140 20 ### ###
2546 3927 -0.17 6 140 20 ### ###
2555 3927 -0.31 10 140 20 ### ###
2560 3928 -0.14 5 140 20 ### ###
2565 3928 -0.14 5 140 20 ### ###
2575 3928 -0.25 10 140 20 ### ###
2580 3928 -0.12 5 140 20 ### ###
2585 3928 -0.40 5 140 20 ### ###
2595 3929 -0.76 10 140 20 ### ###
2600 3930 -0.38 5 140 20 ### ###
2605 3930 -0.32 5 140 20 ### ###
2615 3931 -0.63 10 140 20 ### ###
2620 3931 -0.33 5 140 20 ### ###
2625 3931 -0.18 5 140 20 ### ###
2635 3931 -0.37 10 140 20 ### ###
2640 3932 -0.20 5 140 20 ### ###
2645 3932 -0.24 5 140 20 ### ###
2654 3932 -0.52 10 140 20 ### ###
2660 3933 -0.29 6 140 20 ### ###
2664 3933 -0.18 4 140 20 ### ###
2674 3933 -0.41 10 140 20 ### ###
2680 3934 -0.24 6 140 20 ### ###
2684 3934 -0.25 4 140 20 ### ###
2694 3934 -0.59 10 140 20 ### ###
2700 3935 -0.35 6 140 20 ### ###
3000 3950 -14.95 300 140 20 ### ###
3500 3960 -10.44 500 140 20 ### ###
3505 3960 0.36 5 140 20 ### ###
3515 3959 0.66 10 140 20 ### ###
3520 3959 0.30 5 140 20 ### ###
3535 3958 0.99 15 140 20 ### ###
3540 3957 0.29 5 140 20 ### ###
3545 3957 0.24 5 140 20 ### ###
3556 3957 0.45 10 140 20 ### ###
3560 3957 0.19 4 140 20 ### ###
3566 3956 0.42 6 140 20 ### ###
3576 3955 0.71 10 140 20 ### ###
3580 3955 0.25 4 140 20 ### ###
3586 3955 0.49 6 140 20 ### ###
3600 3954 1.06 14 140 20 ### ###
3620 3952 1.35 20 140 20 ### ###
3640 3951 1.16 20 140 20 ### ###
3660 3950 1.24 20 140 20 ### ###
3680 3949 0.95 20 140 20 ### ###
3700 3948 1.39 20 140 20 ### ###
3720 3946 1.11 20 140 20 ### ###
3740 3945 1.20 20 140 20 ### ###
3760 3944 1.24 20 140 20 ### ###
3780 3943 1.37 20 140 20 ### ###
3800 3941 1.27 20 140 20 ### ###
4000 3929 12.91 200 140 20 ### ###
4400 3902 26.29 400 140 20 ### ###
4420 3901 0.95 20 140 20 ### ###
4429 3901 0.48 9 140 20 ### ###
4439 3900 0.54 10 140 20 ### ###
4440 3900 0.04 1 140 20 ### ###
4450 3900 0.68 10 140 20 ### ###
4460 3899 0.73 10 140 20 ### ###
4460 3899 0.01 0 140 20 ### ###
4480 3897 1.52 20 140 20 ### ###
4500 3896 1.48 20 140 20 ### ###
4520 3894 1.82 20 140 20 ### ###
4540 3893 1.41 20 140 20 ### ###
4550 3892 0.58 10 140 20 ### ###
4560 3891 0.57 10 140 20 ### ###
4560 3891 0.02 0 140 20 ### ###
4569 3891 0.24 9 140 20 ### ###
4578 3891 0.24 9 140 20 ### ###
4580 3891 0.06 2 140 20 ### ###
4587 3891 0.01 7 140 20 ### ###
4596 3891 0.01 9 140 20 ### ###
4600 3891 0.00 4 140 20 ### ###
5000 3864 27.14 400 140 20 ### ###
5500 3825 38.89 500 140 20 ### ###
5504 3825 0.28 4 140 20 ### ###
5514 3824 0.74 10 140 20 ### ###
5520 3823 0.44 6 140 20 ### ###
5524 3823 0.22 4 140 20 ### ###
5540 3822 0.87 16 140 20 ### ###
5560 3822 0.09 20 140 20 ### ###
5580 3822 0.32 20 140 20 ### ###
5594 3821 0.83 14 140 20 ### ###
5600 3821 0.35 6 140 20 ### ###
5604 3820 0.22 4 140 20 ### ###
5614 3820 0.55 10 140 20 ### ###
5620 3820 0.30 6 140 20 ### ###
5625 3819 0.16 5 140 20 ### ###
5635 3819 0.34 10 140 20 ### ###
5640 3819 0.16 5 140 20 ### ###
5645 3819 0.14 5 140 20 ### ###
5656 3819 0.27 10 140 20 ### ###
5660 3818 0.12 4 140 20 ### ###
5666 3818 0.30 6 140 20 ### ###
5675 3818 0.52 10 140 20 ### ###
5680 3817 0.26 5 140 20 ### ###
5685 3817 0.34 5 140 20 ### ###
5694 3816 0.68 10 140 20 ### ###
5700 3816 0.39 6 140 20 ### ###
5704 3816 0.36 4 140 20 ### ###
6000 3795 20.97 296 140 20 ### ###
6500 3763 31.53 500 140 20 ### ###
6505 3763 0.24 5 140 20 ### ###
6515 3762 0.49 10 140 20 ### ###
6520 3762 0.24 5 140 20 ### ###
6525 3762 0.27 5 140 20 ### ###
6536 3761 0.50 10 140 20 ### ###
6540 3761 0.21 4 140 20 ### ###
6546 3761 0.33 6 140 20 ### ###
6560 3760 0.83 14 140 20 ### ###
6580 3759 0.86 20 140 20 ### ###
6596 3758 0.62 16 140 20 ### ###
6600 3758 0.17 4 140 20 ### ###
6606 3758 0.29 6 140 20 ### ###
6615 3757 0.49 10 140 20 ### ###
6620 3757 0.24 5 140 20 ### ###
6625 3757 0.28 5 140 20 ### ###
6635 3756 0.53 10 140 20 ### ###
6640 3756 0.30 5 140 20 ### ###
6644 3756 0.23 4 140 20 ### ###
6654 3755 0.54 10 140 20 ### ###
6660 3755 0.35 6 140 20 ### ###
6663 3755 0.15 3 140 20 ### ###
6673 3754 0.43 10 140 20 ### ###
6680 3754 0.31 7 140 20 ### ###
6683 3754 0.08 3 140 20 ### ###
140 6700 3753.589 0.457 16.998 140 20 ### ###
125 7000 3739 15.08 300 125 20 ### ###
7400 3710 28.81 400 125 20 ### ###
7404 3709 0.73 4 125 20 ### ###
7415 3707 1.85 10 125 20 ### ###
7420 3706 0.95 5 125 20 ### ###
7425 3706 0.36 5 125 20 ### ###
7436 3705 0.75 10 125 20 ### ###
7440 3705 0.32 4 125 20 ### ###
7446 3704 0.27 6 125 20 ### ###
7456 3704 0.47 10 125 20 ### ###
7460 3704 0.16 4 125 20 ### ###
7467 3704 0.12 7 125 20 ### ###
7477 3704 0.18 10 125 20 ### ###
7480 3703 0.04 3 125 20 ### ###
7488 3703 0.40 8 125 20 ### ###
7498 3703 0.53 10 125 20 ### ###
7500 3702 0.09 2 125 20 ### ###
7508 3702 0.63 8 125 20 ### ###
7518 3701 0.75 10 125 20 ### ###
7520 3701 0.12 2 125 20 ### ###
7529 3700 0.53 9 125 20 ### ###
7539 3700 0.63 10 125 20 ### ###
7540 3700 0.06 1 125 20 ### ###
7550 3699 0.46 10 125 20 ### ###
7560 3699 0.51 10 125 20 ### ###
7560 3699 0.00 0 125 20 ### ###
7570 3698 0.28 10 125 20 ### ###
7580 3698 0.26 10 125 20 ### ###
7581 3698 0.02 1 125 20 ### ###
7591 3698 0.25 10 125 20 ### ###
7600 3698 0.20 9 125 20 ### ###
7602 3698 0.09 2 125 20 ### ###
7612 3697 0.53 10 125 20 ### ###
7620 3697 0.39 8 125 20 ### ###
7623 3697 0.20 3 125 20 ### ###
7633 3696 0.74 10 125 20 ### ###
7640 3695 0.48 7 125 20 ### ###
7644 3695 0.00 4 125 20 ### ###
7654 3695 0.01 10 125 20 ### ###
7660 3695 0.00 6 125 20 ### ###
7665 3695 -0.14 5 125 20 ### ###
7675 3696 -0.31 10 125 20 ### ###
7680 3696 -0.15 5 125 20 ### ###
7685 3696 0.04 5 125 20 ### ###
7700 3696 0.10 15 125 20 ### ###
8000 3680 15.49 300 125 20 ### ###
8400 3664 16.69 400 125 20 ### ###
8403 3664 -0.17 3 125 20 ### ###
8413 3664 -0.50 10 125 20 ### ###
8420 3665 -0.33 7 125 20 ### ###
8423 3665 -0.39 3 125 20 ### ###
8440 3667 -1.92 17 125 20 ### ###
8460 3669 -1.98 20 125 20 ### ###
8480 3671 -1.78 20 125 20 ### ###
8483 3671 -0.33 3 125 20 ### ###
8493 3672 -0.96 10 125 20 ### ###
8500 3673 -0.63 7 125 20 ### ###
8503 3673 -0.31 3 125 20 ### ###
8513 3674 -0.95 10 125 20 ### ###
8520 3675 -0.70 7 125 20 ### ###
8523 3675 -0.10 3 125 20 ### ###
8532 3675 -0.39 10 125 20 ### ###
8540 3675 -0.30 8 125 20 ### ###
8542 3676 -0.17 2 125 20 ### ###
8560 3677 -1.27 18 125 20 ### ###
8580 3679 -2.23 20 125 20 ### ###
8600 3681 -1.97 20 125 20 ### ###
9000 3706 -24.69 400 125 20 ### ###
9400 3728 -22.78 400 125 20 ### ###
9415 3732 -3.06 15 125 20 ### ###
9420 3733 -0.99 5 125 20 ### ###
9434 3733 -0.60 14 125 20 ### ###
9440 3733 -0.26 6 125 20 ### ###
9444 3734 -0.10 4 125 20 ### ###
9460 3734 -0.42 16 125 20 ### ###
9476 3733 0.67 16 125 20 ### ###
L DH DL dn PN di di
Stationary state Note. Over pressures in PE

Total pressure loss in pipe
DPt #VALUE! m For Polyethylene (PE) pipes
Maximum pressure in pipe Plastic Pipe Insitute recommen
Pmax = #VALUE! m PE pipes can safely tolerate th
@L= 7560 m temporary surge pressure of tw
Minimum pressure in pipe
Pmin = #VALUE! m Long-term strength of PE pipes
@L= 3500 m cyclic load. Thus, PE pipes are
Pressure in discharge tank
Pdesc : #VALUE! m
@L= 9476 m
http://www.plasticpipe
Design of PE Piping S
Chapter 6, page 161
c) Equivalent velocity f) Critical time
°C veq= (Q * ( S Li/vi ) / (S Li/Ai ))^0.5 tc = 2 * Lt /aeq
Pa s Eq. 1 Q= 0.017 m³/s Lt = ###
Eq. 2 S Li/vi = #VALUE! aeq= ###
m²/s Eq. 3 S Li/Ai = #VALUE! tc = ###
veq= #VALUE! m/s
te (help variable) g) Closing time must be ajusted to
m /s
3
d) Equivalent celerity obtain a value of the pipe pressure
aeq= Lt / SLi/ai ptot_NSS_max <= Ppipe_allowed
variable "S" Lt = #VALUE! m Selected closing time
(S Li/Ai ) / (S Li/vi ) )^0.5 S Li/ai = #VALUE! Dt = 100.0
m³/s aeq= #VALUE! m/s
Results
e) Pressure increment for a Sudden Transient maximum pressure
Shutoff (Joukovsky) ptot_NSS_max = ###
hSS = ( aeq * Dveq ) / g ptot_NSS_max = ###
valent length aeq= #VALUE! m/s #VALUE!
S Li/Ai / S veq= #VALUE! m/s
h= #VALUE! m Presssure in discharge tank
h= #VALUE! bar Pdesc : ###
m #VALUE!
Thickness Area Velocity Vel. press. Relat. Rug. Reynolds Frc. factor U.p.loss
s A v hv Rrel Re f J
Eq. 5 v²/(2*g) Rabs/d v*d/n f(Rrel,Re) m/m
mm m² m/s m - -
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! ###
s A v hv Rrel Re f J
Over pressures in PE pipes
yethylene (PE) pipes

Pipe Insitute recommendation
es can safely tolerate the commonly observed maximum peak
ary surge pressure of twice the steady state condition.
erm strength of PE pipes is not adversely affected by repeated

oad. Thus, PE pipes are very fatigue resistant.
http://www.plasticpipe.org/pdf/chapter06.pdf
Design of PE Piping Systems
Chapter 6, page 161
Occasional surge pressures

Occasional surge pressures
Negative pressures
Design principles
Transient equations Celerity
2 * Lt /aeq a= ( ( K / r ) / ( 1 + (K/Et ) * (d/s ) ) )^0.5
m Joukovsky Water bulk modulus
m/s Sudden closing pressure or in a K= 2.1E+09 Pa
s time less than the critical time "hss" Water density
Sudden shutoff "SS" r= 1,000 kg/m³
e must be ajusted to (t <= tc ) a⋅Δv HDPE elasticity modulus
h SS=
of the pipe pressure g EHDPE = 1.1E+09 Pa
S_max <= Ppipe_allowed
Critical time
2⋅L Eq. 1 Absolute viscosity of water
s τc= m = SaturatedWaterAbsoluteViscosity_t
a Eq. 2 Density of water
Michaud r = 1/SaturWater_SpecVolume_t
aximum pressure Pressure developed in a Not Eq. 3 Kinematic viscosity of water
m Sudden Shutoff "NSS" n= m/r
bar (t > tc ) τc Eq. 4 HDPE pipe interior diameter
h NSS=h SS⋅ di = Pipe_HDPE_PE100_Dint_Dn_PN
#VALUE!
Δτ
Eq. 5 HDPE pipe thickness
2⋅L⋅Δv
discharge tank h NSS= s= Pipe_HDPE_PE100_Thickness_Dn_PN
m g⋅Δτ
#VALUE!
S Li/Ai = S Li/vi = S Li/ai =

#VALUE! #VALUE! Sonic. vel. #VALUE! Fric. loss Sing. loss Total. loss Piezom. El. Pressure
Li*Ai Li*vi ai Li/ai DPf DPs DPt CPi Pop
m³ m³/s m/s s J * DL DPf + DPs CPi-1 - DPti CP-Z
m m m m m
0 0 0 4083.4 77.4
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Li*Ai Li*vi ai Li/ai DPf DPs DPt CP P
surge pressures
surge pressures
Rev. cjc. 30.01.2014
t ) * (d/s ) ) )^0.5
eViscosity_t
sity of water
rior diameter
E100_Dint_Dn_PN
E100_Thickness_Dn_PN
Sudden Not sudden

Shutoff Shutoff ptot_NSS_max
Joukovsky Michaud #VALUE!
hSS (Jouk) hNSS (Michaud) ptot_NSS

a*v/g hSS * tc / Dt pop + hNSS Station Z CP P
m m m
0 4006 4083 77
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 20 4006 #VALUE! #VALUE!
hSS (Jouk.) hNSS (Michaud) ptot_NSS
ptot_NSS_max = #VALUE! m
Pressure developed in
selected closing time
Dt = 100.0 s
Ground profile and piezometric eleva
4200
Hm
4100
4000
3900
3800
3700
3600
3500
3400
Distancia [m]
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 80
zometric elevation
Ground profile
Piezometric elevation
000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Water hammer (HDPE pipe)
1.- Input data Water speed of sound
Operating pressure and flowrate

pop =
pop =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m
bar
c=
√ K
ρ
c: speed of sound (m/s)
Q= 60.0 m3/h
Pipe data K: water bulk modulus (Pa)
Material: HDPE PE100 r: water density (kg/m³)
dn = 140 mm c (K / r )^0.5
PN 20 - K= 2.11E+09 Pa
L= #VALUE! m r= 1000 kg/m³
HDPE pipe elasticity module c= 1452.6 m/s
Et = 11,000 bar
s 3.- Celerity
Bulk modulus and density of water
K= 21,100 bar
r= 1,000 kg/m³ c
a=
2.- Auxiliary variables √( 1+

K d
⋅
Et s )
Pipe dimensions a : celerity (wave velocity) (m/s)
di = c: speed of sound (m/s)
di = #VALUE! mm d: inside pipe diameter (mm)
s= s: minimum wall thickness (mm)
s= #VALUE! mm K: water bulk modulus (bar)
a= c / (1 + (K/Et) * (d/s) )^(0.5)
Pipe section area c= 1452.6 m/s
A= (pi()/4)*d^2 K= 2.11E+09 Pa
d= #VALUE! m Et = 1.1E+09 Pa
A= #VALUE! m2
d= #VALUE! mm
s= #VALUE! mm
Fluid velocity a= #VALUE! m/s
v= Q/A
Q= 0.0167 m3/s
A= #VALUE! m2
v= #VALUE! m/s
8.- Pressure increment due to wa
hammer produced by a Not Sudd
4.- Velocity change 7. Critical time Shutoff (NSS)
Initial velocity Maximum over- pressure or under- For a shutoff time greater than the
vi = #VALUE! m/s pressure are obtained when the critical time, the Michaud relation
Final velocity shutoff time "Dt", is less or equal to be used.
τc
vf = 0.00 m/s the critical time "tc", ΔP NSS =h SS ⋅
Δτ
Velocity change
2⋅L
Dv = vf - vi m/s τc= DPNSS: presure increment in a Non
Dv = #VALUE! m/s a Sudden Shutoff
tc = 2*L/a hSS : Pressure increment in a Sud
5.- Pressure increment due to water L= #VALUE! m Shutoff (Joukovsky)
hammer produced by a sudden shutoff. a= #VALUE! m/s tc : Critical time
tc = #VALUE! s Dt : Valver closing time
The pressure increment can be
calculated with Joukovsky elasticity Michaud Selected valve closing time
theory, by a Sudden Shutoff "SS" Dt =
2⋅L⋅Δv
ΔPNSS=
hSS = (- a * Dv ) / g g⋅Δτ Pressure increment (NSS)
a= #VALUE! m/s Δv 2⋅L a⋅Δv 2⋅L 2⋅L hNSS =
ΔPNSS= ⋅ ¿ΔPNSS= ⋅ ¿ΔP NSS=h SS⋅
Dv = #VALUE! m/s g⋅¿ Δτ g⋅¿ a⋅Δτ a⋅Δτ hSS =
h= #VALUE! m tc =
2⋅L 1
hSS = #VALUE! bar ΔPNSS=h SS⋅ ⋅ Dt =
#VALUE! m
a Δτ hNSS =
with
6.- Total pressure developed by a 2⋅L
sudden shutoff (SS) τ c= 9. Pressure developed due to val
a shutoff in the time interval
1
ptot_SS = pop + hSS ΔPNSS=h SS⋅τc⋅
pop = #VALUE! bar Δτ Dt =
hSS = #VALUE! bar τc ptot_NSS =
ptot_SS = #VALUE! bar ΔPNSS=h SS⋅ pop =
Δτ
hNSS =
ptot_NSS =
- Pressure increment due to water
ammer produced by a Not Sudden Michaud
hutoff (NSS)
2⋅L⋅Δv
or a shutoff time greater than the h NSS=
itical time, the Michaud relation can
g⋅Δτ
2⋅L⋅Δv
τc hNSS=
ΔP NSS =h SS⋅
Δτ
g⋅Δτ
Δv 2⋅L a⋅Δv 2⋅L a⋅Δv
PNSS: presure increment in a Non
hNSS= ⋅ ¿hNSS= ⋅ ¿ =h SS
g⋅¿ Δτ g⋅¿ a⋅Δτ g
udden Shutoff 2⋅L
: Pressure increment in a Sudden
hNSS=h SS⋅
SS a⋅Δτ
hutoff (Joukovsky) 2⋅L 1
: Critical time hNSS=h SS⋅ ⋅
a Δτ
t : Valver closing time with
2⋅L
elected valve closing time τc =
100 s a
1
hNSS=h SS⋅τ c⋅
ressure increment (NSS) Δτ
hSS *( tc / Dt ) τc
#VALUE! bar
hNSS=h SS⋅
Δτ
#VALUE! s
100.0 s
#VALUE! bar τc
#VALUE! m h NSS=h SS⋅
Δτ
Pressure developed due to valve
hutoff in the time interval Dt > tc
100 s
pop + hNSS
#VALUE! bar
#VALUE! bar
#VALUE! bar
#VALUE! m

Gravitational - Discharge - of - Water. Ground Profile - Vs - Piezometric - Elevaton

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Gravitational - Discharge - of - Water. Ground Profile - Vs - Piezometric - Elevaton

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Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Gravitational discharge

Data Water propertiies

Stationary state Note. Over pressures in PE

Over pressures in PE pipes

yethylene (PE) pipes

erm strength of PE pipes is not adversely affected by repeated

Occasional surge pressures

S Li/Ai = S Li/vi = S Li/ai =

Sudden Not sudden

hSS (Jouk) hNSS (Michaud) ptot_NSS

000 7000 8000 9000 10000

1.- Input data Water speed of sound

Operating pressure and flowrate

2.- Auxiliary variables √( 1+

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