0.

M aths πrates

∫ 1
lim x2019 {nx}dx
n→∞ 0

Solution :
∫ 1 ∫ 1 (∫ 1 ∫ 1 )
lim x 2019
{nx}dx = lim x 2019
(nx−⌊nx⌋)dx = lim nx 2020
dx − x 2019
⌊nx⌋dx
n→∞ 0 n→∞ 0 n→∞ 0 0

( (∫ 1
) (∫ 2
) (∫ 3
) (∫ n
))
n n n n n
= lim + x2019 ⌊nx⌋dx + x2019 ⌊nx⌋dx + x2019 ⌊nx⌋dx + ..... + x2019 ⌊nx⌋dx
n→∞ 2021 0 1
n
2
n
n−1
n

( ( 2 )2020 ( 1 )2020 ( 3 )2020 ( 2 )2020 ( 4 )2020 ( 3 )2020 ( n )2020 ( n−1 )2020 )

n
= lim −0− n + n −2 n +2 n −3 n +3 n − .... − (n − 1) n + (n − 1) n
n→∞ 2021 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
(( 1 )2020 ( 2 )2020 ( 2 )2020 ( n−1 )2020 ( n )2020 )
n
= lim + n
+ n
+ n
+ .... + n
− (n − 1) n
n→∞ 2021 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020
( )
2020
n n − 1 12020 + 22020 + 32020 + .... + (n − 1)
= lim − +
n→∞ 2021 2020 2020n2020

n
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n = n2 +
2

n3 n2
12 + 22 + 32 + .... + n2 = + + ..
3 2

n4 n3
13 + 23 + 33 + .... + n3 = + + ..
4 2
generalising this for k,

nk+1 nk
1k + 2k + 3k + .... + nk = + + ..
k+1 2

( (n−1)2021 2020 )
n n−1 + (n−1) + pn2019
= lim − + 2021 2
n→∞ 2021 2020 2020n2020

 
( n−1
n )
2020
(n−1) ( n−1
n )
2020
p ( )
n n−1 + + n n−1 n−1 1 1
= lim  − + 2021.2020 2.2020 n  = lim − + + =
n→∞ 2021 2020 2020 n→∞ 2021 2020 2020.2021 4040 4040