ana mesxi

qarTuli ena da kultura _ enaTmecnieruli kvlevis axali meTodika

Tanamedrove dasavleTis arqeologiuri mecniereba erTxmad aGiarebs ramdenime
iseT faqts, romlebic enaTmecnieruli, istoriul-geografiuli, miTologiuri da
preistoriuli civilizaciis religiuri simbolikis aGmniSvneli faqtebis gaTvalis-
winebiT qarTul enas, kulturasa da qarTul asomTavrul anbans dGevandeli msof-
lio civilizaciis sawKisad warmoaCens. aGvniSnav ZiriTad debulebebs, romlebic re-
levanturia warmodgenili kvlevisaTvis.
1. dedamiwis civilizaciis dabadebis TariGi. Tanamedrove arqeologiaSi deda-
miwiseuli civilizaciis dabadebis TariGTan dakavSirebiT sruli erTsulovneba su-
fevs. es TariGi gaxlavT Zv. welTaGricxvis 6000 weli, anu Cveni civilizacia sruli-
ad axalgazrda, sul raGac 8000 wlisaa da amitom mis kvlevasTan dakavSirebuli
problematikis Seswavla, rTuli, magram SeuZlebeli saqme ar aris. dedamiwiseuli
civilizacia iKofa or ZiriTad etapad _ pirveli, 6000 wlidan 1200 wlamde q.w., me-
ore etapi iwKeba daaxloebiT 700-600 wlidan q.w. da grZeldeba dGemdis (p. demarne,
egeosis kultura, 1964, gv. 279). maT Soris moqceuli 500-600 weliwadi istoriasa
da arqeologiaSi `Savi, bneli periodis" saxelwodebiT aris cnobili. es aris udide-
si civilizaciebis kvdomis periodi da axali civilizaciis wamowevis xana. termini
`kvdoma", ra Tqma unda, srul ganadgurebas ar gulisxmobs, adgili hqonda garkveul
Seferxebas, stagnacias pirveli etapis civilizaciis ganviTarebaSi, rodesac lidero-
ba sxva xalxis xelSi gadavida. civilizaciis pirveli etapi warmoadgens araindoevro-
peli xalxis civilizacias.
2. preistoriuli civilizaciis gavrcelebis areali da warmoSobis centri.
preistoriuli civilizaciis gavrcelebis areali sakmaod didi sizustiT aris dadge-
nili da kamaTs ar iwvevs. igi mTlianad moicavda teritorias britaneTis kunZulebi-
dan moKolebuli mTel evropas, afrikis CrdiloeT nawils, xmelTaSua zGvis auzs,
arabeTis naxevarkunZuls, anatolias, CineTs da indoeTs. es civilizacia, Tu mxedve-
lobaSi ar miviGebT zogierT gadaxras, rac gardauvalia aseTi vrceli teritoriisa-
Tvis, saocrad unificirebul xasiaTs amjGavnebs. naTqvami exeba ara mxolod megali-
Tur nagebobebs, rogoricaa xenJebi, dolmenebi da menhirebi, aramed materialuri
kulturis Zeglebsac, kldis mxatvrobas, samuSao iaraGebs, metalurgiul nawarms da
a.S. aseTi unificirebuli materialuri kulturis Sesabamisad, am civilizaciis
mflobel xalxs, ra Tqma unda, aseTive homogenuri msoflmxedveloba hqonda. mar-
Tlac, mTeli preistoriuli civilizaciis gavrcelebis arealSi napovnia identuri
simboluri gamosaxulebani, romlebic udavod religiur xasiaTs atareben da romel-
Ta axsnac am teritoriebze dGes mcxovrebi xalxis eniTa da kulturiT ver xerxde-
ba. amis naTel dadasturebas warmoadgens `yarisa" da `qanis" identuri simboloebi,
romlebic SecdomiT, TumcaGa miaxloebiT, gaSifrulia miranda grinis wignSi `Zveli
evropis mze-GmerTebi", 1991.
dedamiwiseuli civilizaciis meore etapis dawKeba rkinis xanis Sua periodze mo-
dis da religiuri simbolikis cvlilebebSi gamoixateba, iwKeba anTropologiuri da
zoomorfuli aspeqtebis dominireba. iqmneba suraTi, roca erTi kultura da ena gan-
sxvavebuli kulturiTa da eniT icvleba; substrati, romelic ufro maGalganviTare-
buli civilizaciis matarebeli iKo, Seiwova axalma civilizaciam, daeKrdno mas da
misi wiaGidan aGmocenda.
dedamiwiseuli civilizaciis centris warmoSobis sakiTxs bevrma mecnierma uZGvna
naSromi, romelTa mixedviTac gamoiKofa sami ZiriTadi areali: 1. mesopotamia, 2. ana-
tolia (centraluri da dasavleTi nawilebi) da 3. e.w. `samxreT ruseTi" (Zveli aGm.
xalxTa ist., 1988, gv.39; g. danieli, pirveli civilizaciebi, 1973, gv. 68; p. filipsi,
evropis preistoria, 1980; s. krameri, istoria iwKeba Sumeridan, 1988). samive Se-
mTxvevaSi saqarTvelo samive centrTan iseT geografiul Tu sxva saxis urTierTkav-
SirSi imKofeba, rom erT-erT Zlier arguments warmoadgens, raTa qarTuli ena da
qarTuli kultura, agreTve qarTuli asoTmTavruli anbani preistoriuli civiliza-
ciis kvlevis iaraGad iqnes gamoKenebuli.
3. materialuri kulturis simbolika. rogorc zeviT iKo naTqvami, preistoriu-
li civilizaciis gavrcelebis arealSi regularulad gvxvdeba msoflmxedvelobrivi
datvirTvis matarebeli simbolika, romlis amouxsneloba miT ufro gasaocaria, rac
ufro met codnas vagrovebT masze. dasavleTSi dGes udavo yeSmaritebad aris aGia-
rebuli is faqti, rom dedamiwiseuli civilizaciis gaCenas erTbaSad, `mza-mzareuli"
xasiaTi hqonda; ar aGiniSneba moZraoba martividan rTulisaken, ganviTareba civili-
zaciis gaCenamde ar aris, ganviTareba civilizaciis gaCenis Semdeg iwKeba. sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, civilizacia dedamiwaze daiwKo Kvela misTvis damaxasiaTebeli atribu-
tiT: miwaTmoqmedeba, qalaquri tipis dasaxlebebi, msoflmxedveloba anu religia da
anbani. rodesac anbanis sakiTxs vexebiT, Znelia Jer-JerobiT raimes kategoriuli
mtkiceba, magram faqti faqtad rCeba _ materialuri kulturis Zeglebze SemorCeni-
li simboloebi saocari sizustiT imeoreben qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis aso-niS-
nebs da maTi deSifrirebis dros ucxoeli mecnierebi xSirad, marTalia mxolod mi-
axloebiT, midian anbanis aso-niSnebSi damarxul ezoterul mniSvnelobebamde, romle-
bic baton ramaz patariZes brwKinvaled aqvs warmodgenili Tavis naSromSi `qarTuli
asomTavruli".
4. ena. enis sakiTxic, iseve rogorc anbanisa, sakmaod rTuli gadasawKveti prob-
lemaa. erTi udavoa, Tu materialuri kultura homogenuria da misi Sesabamisi msof-
lmxedvelobac identuri, SeuZlebelia, rom am teritoriaze mcxovreb xalxs erTi da
igive an monaTesave enebze ar elaparakaT. am SemTxvevaSi kardinaluri sakiTxia enis
asaki. am TvalsazrisiT saKuradGeboa qarTveluri enebis asakis xangrZlivoba, rome-
lic swored Tavisi siZvelis gamo rTulad gadasawKvet sakiTxs warmoadgens. Kvelaze
gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis mixedviT svanuri ena saerTo qarTvelurs Jer kidev 3000
wels unda gamoKofoda. Tu am periodis win kidev ramdenime aTaswleuls vivarau-
debT saerTo qarTvelurisTvis, maSin qarTveluri enebi da vfiqrob, kavkasiuric, Ta-
visuflad aGwevs civilizaciis sawKis TariGTan. amrigad, Tu qarTvelur enebs vaGia-
rebT preistoriuli civilizaciis xalxTa enebad, rasac zeviT dasaxelebuli debule-
bebic uyers mxars, maSin am teritoriebze dGes gavrcelebuli enebi swored qarTve-
luri enebidan unda warmomdgariKo; sxvagvarad, indoevropuli, semituri da sxva
enebic, romlebzec dGes laparakoben preistoriuli civilizaciis gavrcelebis
arealSi mcxovrebi xalxebi, dasabams qarTveluri enebidan iGebs. es aris logiku-
ri msJelobisa da faqtobrivi masalis (ix. qvemoT) gaTvaliswinebiT miGebuli daskvna,
raoden sensaciuradac unda jGerdes igi.
vinaidan wamoyrili problematikis grandiozuloba praqtikulad SeuZlebels
xdis analizs erTi pirovnebisaTvis, zeviT CamoKalibebuli hipoTezis kvlevaSi in-
doevropuli, gansakuTrebiT inglisuri da qarTveluri enebis leqsikis lingvo-kul-
turuli analiziT Semovifargle. winamdebare statiaSi mxolod erT mcire nawils
gTavazobT.
5. meTodika. nebismieri kvlevis erT-erT Kvelaze mniSvnelovan nawils misi meTo-
dika warmoadgens. warmodgenili kvlevis sirTule TavisTavad moiTxovs mkafio, logi-
kuri da mwKobri meToduri midgomis SemuSavebas. cnobilia, rom rekonstruqciebis
dros wamKvani roli bgeraTSesatKvisobebs uyiravs. Cems analizSi es meTodi gamoKene-
bulia, magram zogierTi modifikaciiT, rac Sesaswavli obieqtis specifikiT aris
gamowveuli: a) lingvisturi rekonstruqcia xorcieldeba genetikurad gansxvavebul
or enaSi _ erTi mxriv indoevropul enaTa oJaxis germanikuli Stos enasa da meores
mxriv iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis qarTvelur Jgufebs Soris.
b) bgeraTrekonstruqciis meTodis gverdiT gaTvaliswinebulia am enaTa bgeriT
sistemebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebi da bgerebis warmoTqmaSi arsebuli saartiku-
lacio sirTuleebis arseboba.
g) upiratesoba eniyeba uZveles dafiqsirebul formebs aGdgenil, rekonstruire-
bul arqetipebTan SedarebiT.
d) lingvisturi analizis Sedegad miGebuli daskvnebis gadamowmebis mizniT gamo-
Kenebulia e.w. kulturuli analizi, romelic gulisxmobs arqeologiuri, istoriu-
li, miTologiuri, eTnografiuli da sxva saxis masalis gamoKenebas enobrivi anali-
zis paralelurad.
qveviT gTavazobT sitKva `dGis" lingvo-kulturuli analizis mxolod pirvel,
lingvistur nawils.
dGe. lingvisturi analizi qarTul enaSi. baton ilia abulaZis mier Sedgenil
`Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi" sitKva `dGe" aso-bgeraTa Tanamedrove Tanmimdevro-
biT aris warmodgenili (i. abulaZe, Zv. qarT. enis leqsikoni, 1973, gv.143). es imas niS-
navs, rom aGniSnuli sitKva sul cota 1500 wlis manZilze ar Secvlila. Tu gaviTva-
liswinebT svanuris saerTo qarTveluridan gamoKofis TariGs _ 3000 q.w., gamodis,
rom sitKva `dGe" dGes gamoKenebuli formiT 5000 wlisaa. aseT asaks sxva enis bevri
erTi sitKva ver daikvexnis. sxvagvarad, sitKva `dGes" saocrad maGali xarisxis foneti-
kuri mdgradoba, stabiloba gaaCnia.
rogorc batonma arnold Ciqobavam svanurTan Sedarebis safuZvelze daadgina, si-
tKva `dGis" ufro adreuli forma fuZexmovniani unda KofiliKo. svanursa, yanursa
da qarTuls Soris arsebuli xmovanTSesatKvisobebis safuZvelze man qarTulisa da
yanurisaTvis Zveli arqetipebi aGadgina:

mxolobiT mravlobiTi
i
yanuri dG-a dG-al
megr. dG-a dG-al
qarT. dG-e dG-ev/en
svan. la-del

aGdgenili formebia: qarTulisaTvis _ daG

yanurisaTvis _ doG (a.Ciqobava, yan. megr.qarT.
leqsik. 1937, gv. 193)
igive arqetipuli formebi mocemuli aqvs germanel mecniers k.h. Smidts.
dGe. lingvisturi analizi inglisur enaSi. sitKva "day"-is pirveli dafiqsire-
buli forma _ d‘ ¼ me-11 saukuneSi gvxvdeba alternatiuli "da¼" variantiT; me-12
saukuneSi sitKvis dawerilobam mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada da 6 gansxvavebu-
li formiT aris warmodgenili _ "de¼", "dei¼" "da¼" "dai¼" "dei¼" "da¼¼". me-13-15
saukuneebSi vxvdebiT or formas dai da dei. me-15-16-Si gvxvdeba formebi "dale" da
"daya" (oqs. ingl. enis leqsikoni, gv. 272).
sitKva `dGis" dafiqsirebuli bolokidura Tanxmovani `¼" fonetikuri Tvalsaz-
risiT Kvelaze saintereso asos warmoadgens. Zvel inglisur enaSi misi wakiTxvis 4
fonemuri da 2 alofonuri varianti gvxvdeba (alofonebze ar SevCerdebiT):
1. ¼ /g/ _ sitKvis dasawKisSi da ukana rigis xmovnebis win. mag.:
ΟΕ ¼Øn...
2. ¼ /j/_ ukana rigis xmovnebs Soris. mag.: da¼as, da¼um...
3. ¼ /j/ anu /j/ bgeris palatalizebuli varianti, romelic gvxvdeba kombinaciebSi
_ a) wina rigis xmovani +¼ da b) +¼ wina rigis xmovani. mag.: d‘ ¼, ¼ear
4. ¼_ /g/ kombinaciaSi _ Tanxmovani +¼. mag. sec¼an...
(a. smirnicki, Zveli ingl. ena. 1955, gv.42;
t. rastorgueva, ingl. enis ist. 1983, gv.73).
aGniSnuli monacemebidan CvenTvis Kvelaze saintereso fonetikuri saxis informa-
cias meore varianti Seicavs, e.i. forma da¼, romlis palatalizaciis Sedegad droTa
ganmavlobaSi miviGeT Tanamedrove "day", absoluturad emTxveva qarTul formas
`daG". aGniSnuli forma "da¼" Kvelaze Zvelia da amjamad didi xnis dakargulic.
vnaxoT, ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs germanikulsa da sxva indoevropul enebSi.
Zv. friz. dei, dey, di germ. tag
Zv. skand, qvemo germ. goTuri dag-as
dag.
holand. dag ariuli dhagh
Zv. nor. dag-r sanskr. dah
Sved. dag litv. dagas
Zv. prus. dagis

oqsfordis inglisuri enis leqsikonis avtorebis mier aqamde aGiarebuli kavSiri

"day" da laTinur "dies"-s Soris uarKofilia. rac Seexeba tevtonur enebs, leqsikon-
Si maTTvis *dagoz-is aGdgenili formaa SemoTavazebuli, sesil uaildis leqsikonSi
ki sami variantia mowodebuli _ *dhagw, *dhãgwh, *dhegwh (s. uaildi, ingl. enis uni-
vers. leqsik. gv.277). cnobilia, rom arqetipuli formebi mxolod miaxloebiT asaxavs
sawKis formas. vinaidan SemoTavazebul arqetipebs Soris didi gansxvaveba arsebobda,
Sevecade iseTi arqetipis moZebna, romelic Kvelaze axlos idgeboda realurad funqci-
onirebad formasTan. amisaTvis gadavwKvite dametovebina mxolod Kvela rekonstruire-
bul formaSi warmodgenili ganmeorebadi aso-bgerebi. Sedegad miviGe 4 forma _ *dag,
*dog, *dãg, *deg, romlebic praqtikulad indoevropul enebSi dafiqsirebuli uZvelesi
formebis identuri iKo. sixSiris kriteriumze daKrdnobiT gamovKavi Kvelaze savarau-
do arqetipi mocemuli 4 variantidan, ris Sedegadac miviGe dapirispireba _ formebi
*dag/tag (sul 10) danarCeni 13-is winaaGmdeg. miGebuli oridan kvlav gamovKavi Kvelaze
xSirad ganmeorebadi forma *dag (8 gamoKeneba 10-dan), romelic Kvelaze savaraudo,
funqcionirebadi arqetipi unda KofiliKo indoevropulSi.
amrigad, Catarebuli lingvisturi analizis Sedegad indoevropulisaTvis miviGeT
realurad funqcionirebadi arqetipi sitKvisa "day"- "dag". es forma TiTqmis mTlia-
nad emTxveva Zveli inglisuri enis formas "da¼" sadac bolokidura Tanxmovani gamo-
iTqmeboda gansxvavebulad (j). amrigad, vGebulobT or fonetikur variants indoevro-
puli arqetipisaTvis; ismis kiTxva _ ra SeiZleboda KofiliKo realuri fonetikuri
Girebuleba indoevropuli arqetipis bolokidura TanxmovnisaTvis? SeiZleboda rom
igi gamoTqmuliKo, rogorc `g" an `G"?
bolokidura Tanxmovnis grafikuli warmodgena indoevropulSi pirvel SesaZleb-
lobas gamoricxavs, e.i. SeuZlebelia, rom `g" bgera KofiliKo bolokidura Tanxmov-
nis realurad arsebuli fonetikuri Girebuleba dafiqsirebuli didi flaqtuaciis
gamo. bolokidura Tanxmovani 8 TanxmovniT _ g, c, ch, gh, h, ¼h, ¼, ¼¼ da 5 xmovniT _
i, e, y, w, u _ aris warmodgenili.1 unda xazgasmiT aGiniSnos, rom gamoxatvis saSuale-
bis aseTi didi flaqtuacia gamowveuli unda iKos msesxebeli enis mier misi enis bge-
riTi sistemisagan gansxvavebuli, aratipuri bgeris gadmosacemad sayiro saukeTeso
gamoxatvis saSualebis ZiebiT. SesaZloa, rom bgera `G" indoevropelebisaTvis rTuli
KofiliKo gamoTqmis TvalsazrisiT? ueyvel faqtad unda vaGiaroT `G" bgeris arti-
kulaciuri sirTule indoevropelebisaTvis aTeuli saukuneebis win, rameTu dGesac
igi gansxvavebuli asobgeriT gadmoicema mTel rig indoevropul enebSi. mag.: GaGani-
Ze, GambaSiZe da a.S.
aseTi lingvisturi analizis Sedegad mivdivarT qarTuli da indo-evropuli
formebis `daG _ da¼" aGiarebamde, rac TavisTavad, sesxebis mimarTulebis sakiTxs
svams. sesxeba indoevropulidan qarTulSi moxda Tu piriqiT? arsebobs mxolod erTi
logikuri daskvna, romelic lingvistur masalasa da gakeTebul daskvnebs eKrdnoba _
indoevropulma da kerZod inglisurma enam, sitKva "day" isesxa qarTuli enidan for-
miT `daG" da ai, ratom:
1. "da¼" formis aGiareba inglisuri enis sitKvis "day" uZveles formad ucilobe-
li faqtia, vinaidan mTel rig werilobiT wKaroebSia dafiqsirebuli;
2. vinaidan inglisuri ena germanikul enaTa saSualebiT indoevropul enaTa
JgufSi Sedis, forma _ "da¼" TavisTavad unda vaGiaroT indoevropul enebSi sitKva
`dGis" erT-erT uZveles variantad;
3. indoevropul enebSi arsebuli bolokidura Tanxmovnis didi flaqtuacia da-
sturia sesxebis wKaroSi Znelad gamosaTqmeli Tanxmovnis arsebobisa, rasac mxars aZ-
levs `G" bgeris warmoTqmasTan dakavSirebuli artikulaciuri sirTuleebi mTel rig
indoevropul enebze molaparake adamianebisaTvis da qarTuli `G" bgeris Semcveli
sitKvebis gansxvavebuli TanxmovnebiT gamoxatvis sistemuri SemTxvevebi;
4. sesxeba rom indoevropulidan qarTulSi momxdariKo, maSin gasakviri da asaxsne-
lia, Tu qarTveluri enebis zogierT dialeqtSi mainc ratom ar aisaxa indoevropulSi
warmodgenili formebis bolokidura Tanxmovnis didi flaqtuacia? unda aGiniSnos,
rom qarTvelur enebSi `G" bgera stabilurad aris warmodgenili sul cota 5000 wlis
manZilze;
5. enaTmecnierebaSi nasesxebi sitKvis fonetikuri Segueba msesxebeli enis mier
kargad cnobili faqtia. Tu `daG" indoevropulidan modis, gasaocaria, Tu ratom
SeinarCuna qarTulma stabiluri `G" bgera, maSin rodesac sitKva `dGem" Semgueblu-
ri, asimilaciuri procesebi swored indoevropulSi ganicada. inglisuri ena am
TvalsazrisiT saocar masStabebs gvTavazobs.
6. sitKva `daG" indoevropulidan rom KofiliKo nasesxebi, maSin pasuxi unda gae-
ces Semdeg kiTxvebs: a) rogor moxda `daG" formis sesxeba geografiulad ase Sors
ganlagebuli enidan, inglisuri enidan? b) ratom ar isesxa qarTulma enam `dGis" aG-
mniSvneli sitKva, Tu mas aseTi ar gaaCnda, geografiulad ufro axlos mdebare in-
doevropuli enebidan? miT umetes, rom qarTuli enis bgeriT sistemas araviTari siZ-
nele ar eqneboda nebismieri indoevropuli formis sesxebisas;
7. Tu sesxeba indoevropulidan qarTulSi moxda, maSin gasaocaria, Tu rogor
moxda svanuris qronologiurad ufro adrindel formaSi `deG" da yanuris `doG"
formaSi, qarTveluri enebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sistemuri bgeraTmonacvleobis da-
regulireba?

1
monacemebi eKrdnoba oqsfordis ingl. enis leqsikonSi mocemul Kvela formas.
 8. Tu qarTulSi sitKva `dGis" _ `daG" formiT sesxeba inglisuri enidan moxda,
igi Cvens welTaaGricxvamde 3000 welze adre unda momxdariKo, vinaidan svanuri qar-
Tvelurs daaxloebiT am dros gamoeKo. am varaudis daSvebis SemTxvevaSi uzarmazar
qronologiur, istoriul da arqeologiur winaaGmdegobebs vawKdebiT, vinaidan 3000
wels q.w. britaneTis kunZulebi iberiidan wasuli araindoevropeli modgmis xalxiT
iKo dasaxlebuli, romelTac civilizaciis Setana miewerebaT am teritoriaze.
9. qarTvelur enebSi sitKva `dGe" astralur GvTaeba mzes mianiSnebda da mis
ukan uzarmazari dafaruli informacia imaleba. msgavsi msoflmxedvelobrivi datvir-
Tva sitKvisa `dGe" arcerT indo-evropul enaSi ar aGiniSneba; am sitKvis mxolod
Cveulebrivi saleqsikono mniSvnelobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli leqsikur-semantikuri va-
riantebi gaaCnia. mTel rig arqeologiur napovnebze Cems mier Catarebuli kulturu-
li analizi mTlianad mxarSi udgeba da aZlierebs sitKva `dGeSi" mocemuli implici-
tur informacias;
10. amrigad, indoevropuli enebidan sitKva `dGis" qarTulSi sesxeba mkacr enob-
riv, istoriul, qronologiur da religiur-simbolikur winaaGmdegobebs awKdeba,
romlebic aGniSnuli sitKvis indoevropul warmoSobas abaTileben da sesxebis sa-
winaaGmdego mimarTulebas _ qarTulidan indoevropulSi _ adastureben. sesxe-
bis forma `daG", romelic qarTuli `daG"-is identuria, Jer kidev SemorCenili iKo
inglisur enaSi me-11 saukuneSi;
11. qarTuli `daG" sitKvis sesxebis wKarod aGiareba indoevropuli enebisaTvis
xsnis Kovelgvar winaaGmdegobas (lingvisturs, arqeologiurs, istoriuls, qronolo-
giurs) da gaZlierebulia dasawKisSi naxsenebi oTxi kriteriumiT _ dedamiwis civi-
lizaciis dabadebis TariGi, misi gavrcelebis areali, homogenuri religiuri simbo-
lika, homogenuri msoflmxedveloba, gavrcelebis centrebi da qarTveluri enebis xan-
grZlivi asaki.

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A. Meskhi

KARTULI (GEORGIAN) LANGUAGE AND CULTURE –

NEW METHOD OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH
Summary
The present article is a tiny piece of the author`s vast research aimed at demonstrating a fruitful
application of the Kartuli phenomenon – the Kartuli language, its Asomtavruli Alphabet and its pre-
Christian religion (world-outlook) – in the study of a number of linguistic problems that have been calling
for solution for many years.
The method used in the research is called linguo-cultural and presupposes the use of linguistic
(primary) and historical, archaeological, ethnographic, mythological etc. (supplementary) data with the
aim of criss-crossing the results received through the linguistic analysis.
The article solely concentrates on the linguistic (etymological) aspect of the study of the English
word "day" (Teutonic and other Indo-European /IE/ languages are touched on in passing). A diachronic
study of the English word "day" and its Kartuli cognate "dÏe" is presented. Out of the three Kartveluri
lexical items – Svanuri "deÏ", Megrul-Chanuri "doÏ" and Kartuli "daÏ" – the last one "daÏ" is revealed as
the primary source of borrowing for English and other IE languages. The last two forms (daÏ, doÏ) were
reconstructed by Prof. Arnold Chikobava on the basis of the preserved root-vowel form "deÏ" in Svanuri.
The direction of borrowing Kartuli---English (IE) is attested not only by the assimilative changes of
the Kartuli "da " throughout the development of the English language, but also through other cultural data
only slightly dealt with in the final part of the article.