Julieta ruxaZe

xula _ sameurneo da sakraluri nageboba

xula karmidamos ansamblebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia. igi organulad

aris CarTuli dasaxelebis saerTo sistemaSi
XIX saukunis bolos da XX saukuneSi xula xSirad beGlis sinonimad ixmareba,
radgan isini konstruqciulad erTmaneTs hgavs da maTi funqciuri sxvaoba ar aris
gamokveTili. amis gamo monaTxrobebsa da xalxur zepirsitKvierebaSi orives Sesaxeb
arsebuli magiuri, miTosuri rwmena-warmodgenebi da wes-Cveulebebi _ axaldaqorwi-
nebulTa pirveli Gamis Teva da sxva msgavsia, magram Gamis gasaTev sastumro oTaxad
ZiriTadad mxolod xulaa miCneuli.
xulasTan dakavSirebuli masala sxvadasxva KofiTi monacemebisagan Sedgeba. erTia
dGemde SemorCenili cnoba xulis, rogorc sameurneo-sakuynao nagebobis Sesaxeb. igi
dasavleT saqaoTvelos Kofis monacemebis mixedviT, romelic ZiriTadad XIX-XX ss. exe-
ba xmeli xilisa da nayuymagari mcenareulis _ Txilis, kaklis saTavsia. iq inaxavdnen
agreTve araKs, Kovelgvar xils da bostneuls;1 xula tansacmlis da sxva inventaris
Sesanaxavadac gamoiKeneboda.2
xula, rogorc beGeli, ZiriTadad ezoSia moTavsebuli, igi beGelze patara, kvad-
ratuli an mogrZo formis da naklebi Girsebis saSeni masaliT aris agebuli. CaliT,
isliT, KavriT an kramitiT daxuruli xula3, erTsarTuliani da erToTaxiani, grZel-
Giobiani nagebobaa. Giobis Tavis da zGurblis xis fosoSi xis calfa kari saKunwu-
riTaa Casmuli an aJamiT damagrebuli.
xula mTlianic iKo da Tvlebad daKofilic; zogierT xulaSi kedlis Taroebis
arsebobac dasturdeba.4Taro gamoKenebuli iKo sxvadasxva TesleulisaTvis gankuTvni-
li yurylis, cximis, Kvelis qilebis/xalmebis, Taflis da sxva produqtis Sesanaxad5
zemo rayaSi xulas uwodeben samTo saZovrebsa da saTibebze agebul, KavriT, qviT
an balaxiT daxurul xis qoxs-Jargvals, sadac rZis produqtebs inaxaven da mwKemsi
qalebi iZineben, qoxSi gamarTul Kverbze saymels da Kvels amzadeben, kedelze mowKo-
bil Taroebze ki sxvadasxva sayiro inventaria dalagebuli.6 sof. xideSlebSi (z. ra-
ya) meveles Gamis gasaTevad (daTvs rom Kana ar Seeyama) KanebSi mownuli qoxi-xula
idga.7
qv. rayaSi bavSvebi TamaSobis dros saxeldaxelod aSenebul saxls xulas eZaxian.
8
xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos zogierT regionSi patara saxl-qoxze da saxeldaxelod
agebul saxlze amboben, rom is xula-xuxulaa.9
kaxeTSi xula CaliT an namJiT daxuruli mrgvalad mownuli erTsanaTuriani nage-
bobaa, romelSic marcvleuli, fqvili, parkosnebi da sxva maragi Tavsdeba.10
mesxeTSi xula patara erToTaxiani saxlia.11 xula fereidnel qarTvelebSi gamoKe-
nebulia rZisa da KurZnis produqtis saTavsad.12
XIX saukunis sabuTebis mixedviT xula da beGeli meurneobis produqtisaTvis ga-
Tvaliswinebuli ori sxvadasxva nagebobaa.
1861 wlis Kmobidan ganTavisuflebis erT sabuTSi, romelic Coxatauris mxareT-
mcodneobis muzeumSi inaxeba, sakarmidamo kompleqsSi sxva nagebobebTan erTad xula

1
J. ruxaZe, xalxuri agrikultura dasavleT saqarTveloSi, 1976, gv. 105.
2
J. ruxaZe, sameurneo daniSnulebis nagebobani raya-leCxumSi da svaneTSi, mse, 1963, gv. 103.
3
J. ruxaZe, xalxuri agrikatura... gv. 106.
4
masalebi saqarTvelos Sinamrewvelobis da xelosnobis istoriisaTvis (aGmaSenebloba da aveJi) Tbilisi, 1976,
t. I gv. 97.
5
J. ruxaZe, sameurneo saTavsebi, saqarTvelos istoriul-eTnografiuli atlasi, masalebi 1980, gv. 119.
6
T. oCiauri, axali tipis sacxovrebeli nagebobani onis raionSi mse, IX, 1957, gv. 14
7
zemo raya, sofeli xideSlebi, mTxrobeli Zabu nikolozis asuli xideSeli, 66w., 1993
8
avtoris savele dGiuri, rayis eTnografiuli eqspedicia 1979, rv. 1
9
avtoris savele dGiuri, baGdadis r-ni, 1983, rv. 1.
10
masalebi saqarTvelos Sinamrewvelobisa... t. I, Tb, 1976, gv. 97
11
eTnograf. Tina ivelaSvilis zepiri gadmocemiT
12
avtoris savele dGiuri, 1984, sofeli vazisubani. aseTive masala gadmomca eTnografma g. gociriZem
da beGelia dasaxelebuli.13
1866 wlis dokumentSi, romelic peterburgis istoriul arqivSia daculi da
megrul karmidamos exeba, xula aseve calke nagebobad aris moxseniebuli.14
1870-iani wlebis sabuTebSi sadac, guruli karmidamoa aGwerili, Kvelgan beGeli
da xula ori sxvadasxva nagebobaa.15
xula sacxovrebeli saxlis interieris nawilia imereTis karmidamos rafiel eris-
Taviseul aGwerilobaSi, romelic 1876 wliT aris daTariGebuli.16
xula gvxvdeba sacxovrebeli saxlis interierSic (qv. imereTi, Coxatauris raio-
ni). xulas agebdnen agreTve sxva sameurneo nagebobebTan erTad. icodnen beGlisa da
xulis, marnisa da xulis erTmaneTis gverdze ageba (wKaltubos r-ni, tKibulis r-
ni). xSirad xula beGlis oTaxis, marnis oTaxis an sastumro oTaxis saxeliT ixsenie-
ba.17 rayaSi, sofel xideSlebSi xulas eZaxdnen saxlSi erT patara oTaxs, romelsac
axaldaqorwinebulTaTvis, safqvile skivrebis da sawKaoebisaTvis iKenebdnen.18
KofiTi da istoriuli wKaroebis monacemebis mixedviT cxadia beGlisa da xulis
sxvadasxva mniSvneloba, es Cans agreTve raf. erisTavis mier termin mexules ganmarte-
bisas. mexule ganagebda beGels, sadac inaxavdnen Goms, fqvils, marils, kakals, lobi-
os, muxudos, cercvs da sxva suraTs.19 mexule, iseve rogorc mzareuli, xabazi, meGo-
miscxrile da sxva samegrelos mTavrebis saoJaxo Tanamdeboba iKo, romelic sax-
lTuxucesis ganmgeblobaSi Sedioda. Cans, beGelma SeinivTa xulis funqciebi, magram
termini darCa. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom das. saqarTveloSi beGlis
funqcia odiTganve Gomis Tavelis Senaxva iKo, xolo am marcvleuli kulturebis Se-
mcirebis Semdeg masSi sxva produqtebis moTavsebac daiwKes, aseTive viTarebaa xulis
mimarTac. unda vifiqroT rom mexulis funqciaSi sxva sameurneo nagebobebis dacvac
Sedioda, radgan calke sameurneo nagebobebis gamgeblis aGmniSvneli Tanamdeboba ar
aris cnobili. rogorc aGvniSneT raf. erisTavi beGels da xulas ansxvavebs, maT Zi-
riTadad msgavsi saxeobis nagebobad miiCnevs, magram sxvagan beGlis ganmartebis dros
mis gamgeblad mexules asaxelebs, rac savsebiT kanonzomieria, radgan xulas, beGels
da sxva sameurneo nagebobas erTi meTvalKure-gamgebeli mexule hKavda.
saKuradGeboa 1736 wlis orbelianTa nasKidobis wigni, sadac marnis gverdiT
oTaxia naxsenebi.20 radgan Kofis monacemebSi aseTi SemTxveva gvaqvs, savaraudebelia,
rom marnis gverdiT oTaxi xula iKos. gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve zemo rayaSi beG-
lis gverdze patara oTaxi defani, sadac sxvadasxva saoJaxo aveJs da inventars inaxav-
dnen, xolo sayiroebis dros gamoKenebuli iKo, rogorc `nefe-dedoflis" sawoli.21
albaT es oTaxic xulis funqcias asrulebda.
aGniSnuli faqtobrivi masalis aGweriT teqsti pirvelxarisxovani eTnografiuli
wKaroa da interpretaciis farTo asparezs iZleva.
mniSvnelovania is eTnografiuli masala, sadac aGniSnulia xulasTan dakavSire-
buli ritualebi da wes-Cveulebebi, xulis sakraluri mniSvneloba.
dGesaswulebSi didi adgili eTmoba sameurneo nagebobebTan da saTavsebTan, gansa-
kuTrebiT beGelTan da xulasTan dakavSirebul religiur-miTosur wes-Cveulebebs.
amaTgan aGsaniSnavia axaliwlis dGesaswauli. mag. axaliwlis ritualuri purebi _
`kaca basila" an `wminda basili", romelic mamakacis saxelze cxveboda da zogJer fa-
losiT iKo gamosaxuli, xolo `keria", `keria-beria", `wlisTavi" xSirad astraluri
niSniT, am nagebobebis misalocs warmoadgenda. mimlocveli garkveuli sitKvieri
formuliT da naKofierebis SeTxovniT kverebs an maTgan amoyril nawilebs nageboba-
Si moaTavsebda.es rituali mowodebuli iKo sxvadasxva magiuri moqmedebis Sesrule-
biT uxvi mosavali mieGoT da saqonlisa da adamianis gamravleba gamoewvia. es sakra-
luri nagebobis da pur-kverebis urTierTzemoqmedebis ZaliT unda miGweuliKo. pur-
kverebis Tu nageboba-saTavsebis ornamenti sakultoa, maTi centraluri kompoziciaa

13
Coxaturis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi arq. f. 1 68-719, f. KayeiSvilis masala
14
0ch“ qqqp t. 869 I, 1866 #545 %K 3“2!%,“2"å C=ìå?,÷,. *!å“2ü … " ì,…ã!åë,,, 1886 ã.
15
. ensm. #5423, #2699, #5658, #2670 #2694
16
p. }!,“2%", n÷å!*, hìå!å2,, " “åëü“*%.=ƒ L“2"å…%ì %2…%øå…,,, Š,-. 1876
17
J. ruxaZe, m. xazaraZe, sameurneo saTavsebi, saqarTvelos istoriuli eTnografiuli atlasi (iasalebi) 1980,
Tb., gv. 110
18
sofeli xideSlebi, dasax. masala..
19
j. murie, k. borozdini, raf. erisTavi, batonKmoba saqarTveloSi. tfilisi 1927, gv. 115.
20
. eq. TaKaiSvili, saqarTvelos siZveleni, t. I tf. 1920, II, 1909 III
21
oCiauri, dasax. naSromi, gv. 13J.
mzis emblema, uZvelesi kulturuli monapovari.22 aseve Zlier ganviTarebuli magiuri
rwmenis gadmonaSTia bobGas epitetiT warmodgenili ƒulis rituali,23 romelSic
beGlis karze fiziologiuri aqtis simulaciaa warmodgenili; masSi naKofierebis
gamowvevis Taviseburi wesia Cadebuli da agrarul warmodgenebSi poulobs axsnas.
aGsaniSnavia, rom baG-beGeli svaneTSi farTo mniSvnelobiT ixmareba. `baG"-beGeli
erqva aramarto sacxovrebeli nagebobis erT nawils, romelSic beGeli iKo moTavse-
buli, aramed sxvadasxva moculobisa da saxis ornamentebiT Semkul did saTavsebs _
kidobnebs da bunebrivia rom ƒulis rituali maT win unda SesrulebuliKo (Sdr.
termini `mexule" da `baG"-is funqcia).
aGniSnuli sxvadasxva saweso moqmedeba xalxuri zepirsitKvierebis erT saKura-
dGebo viTarebas arkvevs. cnobilia GvTaebrivi personajebis nadirT mfarvelis sasiK-
varulo intimuri Sexvedrebi beGelsa da xulaSi, mag. oqrosTmiani dali da monadi-
re (svanuri varianti), tKaSimafa da monadire (megruli varianti)24 Games aTeven beG-
lis an xulis Tavze-Tavanze, beGelSi an xulaSi, an beGlis TvalSi. mwerali demna
Sengelaia aGniSnavs, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli Tqmulebis mixedviT
vajkaci als (dals x. C. J. r. ) SeiKvarebs da masTan xulis Tavanze wveba. ali Tavis
satrfos samagierod dovlaTs aZlevs, aGniSnavs imasac, rom xula dovlaTis yurye-
lia, sadac baraqis GvTaeba ali imKofeba. 25isic cnobilia, rom oqrosTmiani alis ga-
qrobis an misi Tmis Seyris Semdeg (romelSic alis GvTaebrivi Zalaa) monadiris
oJaxSi dovlaTi qreba da siGaribe daisadgurebs. sxva versiis mixedviT monadirem
icis, rom daiGupeba Tu siKvarulis saidumlos gascems. man sitKva gatexa, cols Kve-
laferi uambo da sastikad daisaJa, nadirobis dros tKaSimafa irmis saxiT moevlina,
kldeze aiKvana da gaaqvava. msgavsia osuri legenda xairagebis Sesaxeb. qali xairagi
dovlaTis momcemia. xairagTan satrfialo urTierTobis Semdeg monadires sxva qalis
siKvarulis ufleba ar aqvs.
beGlisa Tu xulis Tavanze dalisa da monadiris fiziologiuri aqti, dovlaTiT
avsebs saKvareli adamianis oJaxs da im adgils, sadac es aqti sruldeba. es popularu-
li Tqmuleba GvTaebrivi wKvilis dalisa da monadiris siKvarulze, romelsac xan-
grZlivi tradicia aqvs, gvexmareba naKofierebasTan dakavSirebuli ritualebis uZvele-
si saxis dadgenaSi.
aGniSnuli ritualebi odesGac Zlier ganviTarebuli magiuri rwmenis gadmonaS-
Tia, romlis mixedviT SeuGleba bunebis Zalebze zemoqmedebis erT-erT uZveles saSu-
alebad iTvleba, mas SeuZlia naKofierebis da keTildGeobis motana.26 am nagebobebis
funqcia saqorwino ritualSi garkveul tipologiur msgavsebas amjGavnebs Suamdina-
rul miTologiur masalasTan.27
sakraluri qorwinebis ritualur teqstSi aGniSnulia, rom giparSi xdeboda na-
Kofierebis rituali uxvi mosavlis uzrunvelsaKofad. gipari aris `beGeli" e.i. is
adgili, sadac inaxeba marcvali, sadac xdeba Casaxvis saidumlo. giparis daniSnuleba-
ze migvaniSnebs agreTve SedarebiT gviani xanis teqsti-isinis dinastiis samefo himne-
bi.28
beGlisa da xulis aseTi mniSvneloba scildeba religiisa da miTologiis viwrod
gagebul interes da zogad mniSvnelobas iZens.
am nagebobaTa mimarT arsebuli sakulto moqmedebis gadmonaSTi TiTqmis dGevan-
dlamdea daculi xalxis KofaSi. gansakuTrebul KuradGebas iqcevs beGelSi an xula-
Si axaldaqorwinebulTa pirveli GamisTevis Cveuleba, rasac gamravlebisa da siuxvis
dasabeveblad simboluri mniSvneloba hqonda.
rogorc aGvniSneT, mTis rayaSi axaldaqorwinebulTaTvis `defani~ iKo gankuTvni-
li.29 zemo rayaSi dasturdeba nefe-patarZlis beGlis Tavze an beGlis TvalSi dawve-
na. `beGlis dabal tixrulSi Toms da maCeCurs (balaxebia) Caagebdnen da patarZals

22
ruxaZe, xalxuri agrikultura... gv. 164.
23
J. ruxaZe, xalxuri agrikultura...gv. 164.
24
v. bardaveliZe, qarTuli (svanuri) grafikuli xelovnebis nimuSebi, Tbilisi 1959, gv. 114.
25
avtoris savele dGiuri, 1977 martvilis r-ni, rv. 1; elene virsalaZe, qarTuli samonadireo eposi, Tbilisi,
1961, gv. 30, 79; ap. canava, qarTuli xalxuri zepirsitKvierebis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi 1970, gv. 143.
26
demna Sengelaia, Txzulebani, t. IV. Tbilisi 1972, gv. 300-302.
27
a. `. a%ã%å"“*,L, gåìëåäåëü÷å“*= !åë,ã, `-,…, 2. I, oå2å!K3!ã, 1961, “. 148.
28
z. kiknaZe, Suamdinaruli miTologia, Tb. 1979, gv. 247-255, 249.
29
T. oCiauri, dasax. naSromi, gv. 19
pirvel Games iq daawvendnen.30 beGlis gverdiT oTaxSi, romelsac sastumro oTaxs,
xolo zogan xulas eZaxian, dasturdeba ara marto axaldaqorwinebulTa pirveli Ga-
misTevis Cveuleba, aramed maTi garkveuli droiT cxovrebis wesi.31
Tu moKvanili faqtobrivi masala damaJereblobas moklebuli ar aris, maSin SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, rom xulasTan da beGelTan dakavSirebuli Kveda moqmedeba, romelic ux-
vi mosavlis misaGebad sruldeboda, uSualod iKo dakavSirebuli naKofierebis magi-
asTan da miwaTmoqmedebis kultSi did rols TamaSobda.
aGniSnuli rwmena-warmodgenebi da miTologiuri Sexedulebebi, romlebic Tavis
saTaviT warmarTuli rwmenis samKarosdan momdinareobs, scildeba saqarTvelos far-
glebs, did msgavsebas iCens SuamdinareTis qveKnebis uZveles religiasTan da amdenad
tipologiuri paralelebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas iZleva. es paraleli wes-Cveule-
bebis ubralo gadanacvlebas ar niSnavs, is axsnilia sxva (Suamdinaruli) kulturis
safuZvelze da erTnair Girebulebad aris miCneuli. am SemTxvevaSi sakraluri qor-
winebis saritualo miTis upiratesobas is warmoadgens, rom es Sexeduleba dadastu-
rebulia ara mxolod ritualur pur-kverebze, ƒulis ritualSi, materialuri kul-
turis nimuSebsa da miTebSi, aramed rogorc sakulto moqmedebis gadmonaSTi dGevan-
dlamdea daculi xalxis cocxal KofaSi. Cvens mier ganxiluli samive masala erT
mTlian kompozicias qmnis da mniSvnelovania aGniSnuli sakiTxis sworad gagebisaTvis.
eTnografiuli masalis da literaturuli Tu istoriuli wKaroebis mixedviT
xuli-xulas ramdenime mniSvneloba ikveTeba. 1. xula individualuri oJaxis mTeli sa-
meurneo kompleqsis erTi nawilia _ nagebobaa sxvadasxva sSrali produqtisaTvis, sa-
meurneo yurylisa da nivTebisaTvis an saxlis Semadgeneli nawilia _ saTavsia amave
daniSnulebiT.
leqsikografiuli monacemebiT (n. CubinaSvili, a. SaniZe,32 s. iordaniSvili,33 gan-
martebiTi leqsikoni 1964, 1990 wlis gamocema) xula sxvadasxva daniSnulebis oTaxi-
fardulia, marcvleulis, boykovani kulturebis da xmeli xilisaTvis gankuTvnili.
2. xula _ patara saxli-qoxia, Gamis droebiTi gasaTevia, romelsac sxvadasxva mi-
zniT iKeneben.
3. xula misi ZiriTadi niSnebiT naKofierebis ZalebTan dakavSirebuli sakraluri
nagebobaa, romelSic aisaxa sazogadoebis Sexeduleba gare samKaroze da misi kavSiri
sameurneo garemosTan.
xulasTan dakavSirebuli sakmaod moaruli legenda dalisa da tKaSifas sasiKva-
rulo kavSirze, aseve KofiTi masala religiur rwmena-warmodgenebsa da wes-Cveule-
bebze, romelic naKofierebis da saerTod mosavlis uzrunvelKofisadmi mimarTul ma-
giur-religiur qmedebebs Seicavs, aris uZvelesi tradiciis Sedegi, istoriuli for-
mebiT misi peripetiebis warmomCeni. igi pirvelwKaros mniSvnelobis aris da saTanado
Suqs fens Kofisa da kulturis TaviseburebaTa CamoKalibebis da ganviTarebis pro-
cess.
4. Zv. w. VI s. esopesTan da Sua saukuneebis aGmosavlur mwerlobaSi `Svid mTieb-
Si"34 iseve, rogorc feodalur xanaSi xuli/xula ukve literaturuli faqtia. igi am
xanis literaturul wKaroebSi (vefxistKaosani,35 Sua saukuneebis sagmiro safalavno
romani mose xonelis amiran-dareJaniani,36 Teimurazisa da rusTavelis gabaaseba37 da
sxva) nagebobis-sra, sasaxle, darbazi-gverdi-gverd ixsenieba, isini, bunebrivia, gansxva-
vebul enobriv erTeulebs warmoadgenen.
istoriul wKaroebSi (Jruyis sigeli, vaxtang VI-samarTlis Zegli, dasavleT saqar-
Tvelos saeklesio sabuTebi)38 xula sxvadasxva daniSnulebis oTaxi-fardulia, rom-
lisTvisac qiras ixdian da es qira Seiwireba. teqstebSi xulis miwis qirac aris aG-
niSnuli. am droisaTvis xula sacxovrebeli ar Cans da igi arc SeiZleba KofiliKo,

30
avtoris savele dGiuri, tKibulis raioni 1973, rv. 3, gv.204.
31
avtoris savele dGiuri, zemo raya, 1979, arq. rv. 1, gv. 28, rv.3, gv. 124.

32
akaki SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbilisi, 1973, gv.398.
33
s. iordaniSvili, esope igavni, Tbilisi, 1944
34
Sv. mT. 1826, 4. 950, 3..
35
vefxistKaosani 1974, Tb. n. naTaZis gamocema 682 strofi, gv. 220; vefxistKaosani, dasax. gamoc. 147 strofi.
36
TaniaSvilis amiran-dareJaniani 781, 4.
37
gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rusTavelisa 95, 4.
38
Jruyis sigeli 55,5 (saistorio krebuli I, 1928); samarT. VI, 561, 32 (1818w.); dasavleT saqarTvelos saekle-
sio sabuTebi 124, 20 1730, dasax. naSr. 124, 15, 1730..
radgan sacxovrebel saxlSi qiras ar ixdidnen e.i. is sabajo sistemas ar eqvemdebare-
boda. bajis gadaxda mxolod daqiravebuli nagebobisaTvis iKo gaTvaliswinebuli.
eTnografiuli masalis da literaturul ZeglTa Tu istoriul wKaroTa da
leqsikografTa monacemebis urTierTSeJerebis gaTvaliswinebiT sxvadasxva epoqis fon-
ze Sevecdebi gamovkveTo xula-xulis saxe.
rogorc vxedavT, xula-xulis Sesaxeb kompleqsurad ganxiluli rTuli struqtu-
ris Semcveli sxvadasxva masala arsebobs. argumentebi mis Sesaxeb naklovania. aGniS-
nuli monacemebi gansxvavdeba informaciis moculobiT da Sinaarsobrivad, isini dro-
is sxvadasxva monakveTs exeba da sxvadasxva wKarodan momdinareobs. xula genetikurad
uZveles tradicias ukavSirdeba, TiToeulSi am tradiciis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva pe-
riodia asaxuli, rTulia misgan sxvadasxva fenis gamoKofa, imis dadgena Tu romeli
fenaa uZvelesi. xulaze zogJer mkveTrad gansxvavebuli warmodgena gveqmneba. amas-
Tanave igi mKarad inaxavs wina informaciis nakvalevs. droTa ganmavlobaSi xula-xuli
TandaTan iZenda axal Sinaars da gamoxatavda misi drois sazogadoebis Sexedulebas.
qarTul xulas ar eZebneba SesatKvisebi sxva qarTvelur enebSi da amdenad is
ucxo enobriv samKarodan Semosuli unda iKos, SesaZlebelia sparsulidan, sadac da-
sturdeba analogiuri forma msgavsi mniSvnelobiT (berZnulidan Semosuli?).39
is faqti, rom xulis aGmniSvneli sitKva ar unda iKos sakuTriv qarTuli da
ucxo enobrivi samKarodanaa Semosuli Cans, kidev erTxel xazs usvams am nagebobis
ritualur da sakralur mniSvnelobas qarTul sinamdvileSi. rogorc cnobilia ri-
tualur (sakralur) daniSnulebis obieqtebis pirvandeli saxelebi xSirad tabuire-
bas ganicdian da sxva sitKvebiT icvlebian da zogJer aGweriTi warmoebisaa. Sdr.
amasTan dakavSirebiT aGweriTi warmoebis slavuri œlåä"åäüB Taflis myameli, ro-
melmac Secvala indo-evropelTaTvis ritualurad mniSvnelovani `daTvis~ aGmniSvne-
li uZvelesi saerTo indo-evropuli sitKva (Sdr. `Hˆ κ P†ƒ~ berZ. `daTvi").40

39
mzia andronikaSvili `narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobidan", II gv. 249Š..
40
b. c=ì*!åë,äƒå, b ÷. b“. h"=…%", ,…ä%å"!%CåL“*,L ƒ/* , ,…ä%å"!%CåLö/ II, 1994, gv. 497.
 J. Rukhadze
KHULA – AN OUTHOUSE AND SACRED BUILDING

Khula ia as outhouse for dry foodstuffs. At the same time it is an object of the worship of powers of
fertility, reflecting the cosmogonic view of the outer world and its relation to the household environment.
Beginning with the feudal period, khula is a literary fact, being mentioned alongside other structures
(sra “palace”, sasakhle “edifice”, palati “chamber”) in literary sources. These terms naturally constitute
different ethnolinguistic units.
In historical sources khula is a structure designed for a smithy and for the storage of candles and
incense. In church documents khula is a room-shed for which rent is paid, and the rent is given as an
offering. Even the land rent of khula occurs in the text.
Khula-khuli is genetically linked with an ancient tradition, both terms reflecting different
developmental periods of this tradition. The fact, that the word khula does not seem to be Georgian,
appears to have entered from a foreign language source underscores the ritual and sacred meaning of this
structure in Georgian life.
The original names of objects of ritual (sacred) purpose are often subject to tabooing, being replaced
with other words, and are occasionally of descriptive derivation. Cf. the Slavic medved of descriptive
formation: “eater of honey“, which replaced the ancient word denoting “bear“ – a word of ritual
significance for Indo-Europeans (cf. Greek “bear“)41

41
Th. V. , Gamkrelidze and Vyach. Vs. Ivanov, Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, II, Tbilisi, 1994, p. 497 (in Russian).