Tbilisis v.

sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria

nino maxaraZe

qarTuli `nana~: Janris, semantikisa da artikulaciis sakiTxebi

musikologiis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

D
d i s e r t a c i Aa

qvespecialoba: eTnomusikologia

samecniero xelmZRvaneli:

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, profesori

rusudan wurwumia

Tbilisi
2009
 sarCevi

Sesavali------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ gv. 3

Tavi I
`nanas~ raoba da Janruli Tavisebureba. sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria,
kvlevis meTodologiuri safuZvlebi -------------------------------------------------------- 12

Tavi II
`nanas~ funqciisa da semantikis sakiTxebi ------------------------------------------------- 54

Tavi III
`nanas~ intonaciuri da artikulaciuri Taviseburebani
$1 aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 83
$2 aRmosavleT saqarTvelos bari ------------------------------------------------------------- 105
$3 dasavleT saqarTvelos mTa ------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
$4 dasavleT saqarTvelos bari ----------------------------------------------------------------- 116
$5 samxreTi da samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelo ---------------------------------------- 120

Tavi IV
mravalxmiani `akvnis simRera~ ------------------------------------------------------------------- 129

daskvnebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 147

danarTi
gamoyenebuli literatura ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154
gamoyenebuli sanoto krebulebi---------------------------------------------------------------- 167
gamoyenebuli fonoCanawerebi -------------------------------------------------------------------- 169
eqspediciebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 171
SeniSvnebi audiodanarTisaTvis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 173
SeniSvnebi sanoto magaliTebisaTvis -------------------------------------------------------- 175

2
 Sesavali

dialeqtTa simravliTa da Janruli nairferovnebiT, mravalxmianobis

unikaluri formebiT gamorCeuli xalxuri musika qarTvelTa kulturuli
memkvidreobis mniSvnelovani monapovaria. gansakuTrebuli geografiuli,
istoriuli da socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo, saqarTveloSi
didxans SemorCa yofisa da azrovnebis uZvelesi formebi. aqve arqauli
nimuSebis gverdiT arseboben xalxuri profesionalebis SemoqmedebaSi
daxvewili da meoradi folkloruli ansamblebis mier scenaze
gacocxlebuli, maRalmxatvruli RirsebebiT aRbeWdili qmnilebebi.
socialuri anTropologiis fuZemdebeli edvard tailori miiCnevda, rom
kulturis erTi stadiidan ufro gviandelSi gadmotanil zne-Cveulebebsa
da ritualebs cocxali Zeglis mniSvneloba aqvs da maTze dayrdnobiT
SeiZleba Zveli kulturebis rekonstruqcia (lorTqifaniZe da gordeziani,
2003: 91). mecnierebis ganviTarebis dRevandel etapze eTnokulturuli
problemebis Seswavlisas xalxur simReras wyaroTmcodneobiTi
mniSvneloba eniWeba.
qarTuli musikaluri folklori iqca ara mxolod qarTveli, aramed
ucxoeli mecnierebis interesis sagnad: zigfrid nadelis (1933), marius
Snaideris (1940), ernst emshaimeris (1967), ivet grimos (1978) da sxvaTa
gamokvlevebma qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis Taviseburebebi
msoflios gaacno.
Tanamedrove etapze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba tradiciuli
musikis cocxal garemoze dakvirvebas. aqedan gamomdinare, ukanasknel xans
kvlav gaZlierda minelebuli interesi msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis
mecnierTa mxridan. zogierTi maTgani axla dgams `pirvel nabijebs~
qarTuli xalxuri sasimRero Semoqmedebis Seswavlis gzaze (aromi da
valeho, 2008). maTgan gansxvavebiT, qarTul eTnomusikologiaSi sakmaod
didi codna dagrovda zepiri tradiciis xelovnebis nimuSTa tipologiis,
Janruli klasifikaciis, semantikis, struqturuli Taviseburebebis,
mravalxmianobis formebis, Semsruleblobisa Tu sxva sakiTxTa
gaSuqebaSi.Mmiuxedavad amisa, aris rigi sakiTxebisa, romlebic jer kidev
Seuswavlelia, an dazustebasa da axali rakursiT kvlevas moiTxovs.

3
qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri xelovnebis nimuSTa istoriuli
morfologiis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba aqtualuria rogorc sakuTriv erovnuli
kulturuli memkvidreobis ukeT SecnobisaTvis, ise zogadad: Zveli da
Tanamedrove msoflios xalxTa sulieri kulturis saganZuris Seswavla
warmoudgenelia mravalsaukunovani tradiciebis mqone qarTuli
folkloruli masalis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe.
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba folkloris yofiTi funqciidan
momdinare niSan-Tvisebebis mxatvruli qmnadoba-Camoyalibebis procesze
dakvirvebas; calkeuli saxeobrivi sferoebis, Janrebisa Tu jgufebis
Sinaarsobriv-struqturul analizs; saerTo Ziris mqone gansxvavebul
dialeqtebiani kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli musikalur-enobrivi
kanonzomierebebis kvlevas.
winamdebare naSromis kvlevis sagani qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri
Semoqmedebis erTi mniSvnelovani nawili _ bavSvis dasaZinebeli `nana~ da
mis safuZvelze Seqmnili lirikuli simRerebis jgufia, mizani ki _ am
nimuSTa Janruli, semantikuriA(Sinaarsobrivi) da artikulaciuri
(warmoTqmiTi, qceviTi) Taviseburebebis ganxilva.
musikaluri semantikis Semswavleli mecnierebis _ semasiologiis
meTodologiuri wanamZRvrebi cnobilma eTnomusikologma izali zemcovskim
Camoayaliba. `musikaluri semantikis matarebeli folklorSi SeiZleba iyos
mxolod socialurad gaazrebuli, socialurad mniSvnelovani
bgeraTkompleqsi~ (Земцовский, 1974:183). (rusuli citatebis Targmani aqac da
yvelgan Cemia _ n. m.). `semantika folklorSi sakmaod mdgradia. mas
axasiaTebs evolucia da iSviaTad _ revolucia. semantika ar aris
individualuri Semoqmedebis nayofi. igi ibadeba da cocxlobs Zlieri,
mravalsaukunovani tradiciiT. tradiciuloba, mdgradoba SeimCneva ara
mxolod folklorul SemoqmedebiT procesSi, aramed folkloris
aRqmaSic. aq moqmedebs xalxis koleqtiuri mexsiereba, koleqtiuri aRqma.
musikaluri semantika gaTvlilia smeniT aRqmaze. igi komunikaciis
saSualebaa~ (iqve, gv. 192). `xalxuri simReris teqstisa da musikis
semantikur kavSirze msjelobisas TiToeuli maTganis semantikis dadgena
calk-calke ar kmara. ufro mniSvnelovania maTi urTierTdamokidebulebis

4
semantikis dadgena~ (iqve, gv. 201). `xalxuri simReris semantika emorCileba
tipologizaciis kanonebs~ (iqve, gv. 203). A
izali zemcovskis azriT, musikaluri folkloris TeoriaSi
analitikuri miznebisaTvis mizanSewonilia gamoviyenoT sami ZiriTadi
termini _ muzicireba, intonireba da artikulireba (Земцовский, 1991: 153).
artikulireba zepiri tradiciis musikis arsebobis ganmsazRvreli
saSualebaa. Tanamedrove eTnomusikologiis centrSi dgas adamiani da
konkretuli tradiciiT, genetikiT ganpirobebuli misi sinkretuli
musikaluri moRvaweoba. artikulireba (solo, da miT ufro koleqtiuri)
xalxisaTvis zepiri tradiciis musikis dafiqsirebis erTgvari iaraRia.
iqmneba metad Taviseburi fenomeni _ eTnosis artikulaciuri genofondi
(Земцовский, 1996:102). masSi materializebulia ara mxolod eTnoforis
xmieri artikulacia, aramed masTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli saSemsruleblo
qceva, Janruli mimarTeba, tembrul-bgeruli ideali, intonirebis tipi,
plastika. artikulireba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli anTropologiur,
fsiqologiur faqtorebTan da gvevlineba eTnikur maxasiaTeblad.
musikaluri xelovnebis intonaciuri bunebis gamo, igi gamoricxavs erTi
enidan meoreze Targmnis SesaZleblobas. TviT artikulirebis procesSi
devs mZlavri informacia. igi semiotikur (niSnur) funqcias atarebs.
xalxuri sasimRero memkvidreobis genezisisa da evoluciis
problemebis Seswavla warmoudgenelia iseTi momijnave disciplinebis
monacemTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, rogoricaa eTnografia, eTnoistoria,
eTnolingvistika, zepirsityvieri folkloristika, qoreologia, esTetika,
eTnofsiqologia, sociologia, kulturologia da sxva. am kvlevaTaA
Sedegebi saTanadod aris asaxuli da gaTvaliswinebuli naSromis momdevno
TavebSi. Tavis mxriv, eTnomusikologiuri kvlevis monacemebi SeiZleba
mniSvnelovan argumentad iqces mecnierebis sxva dargebisaTvis. ukanasknel
periodSi folkloristika arqeologiasTan, eTnografiasTan,
eTnologiasTan, lingvistikasTan, fizikur da socialur
anTropologiasTan erTad anTropologiur disciplinadaa miCneuli
(qvriviSvili da wereTeli, 2008: 142). A
musikalur-folkloristuli da eTnomusikologiuri midgomebis
morigebis mcdelobas warmoadgens izali zemcovskis mier SemoTavazebuli

5
sinTeturi paradigmis idea (Zemtsovsky, 1997). igi sxvadasxva poziciis
mSvidobian Tanaarsebobas gulisxmobs da zepiri tradiciis musikis
kvlevisas Seicavs rogorc `musikaluri konteqstis anTropologiur
analizs, ise musikaluri teqstis anTropologiur Teorias~. es aris
mcdeloba, dainaxo erTi meoreSi. sinTeturi paradigmis mizania
mSvidobianad moarigos gansxvavebuli akademiuri disciplinebi
(filologia, musikologia, sociologia, akustika, kibernetika da a. S.),
raTa SevZloT movlenis mTlianobaSi aRqma da erTi fenomenis sxvadasxva
aspeqtiT Seswavla. A
Ffolkloris sinkretuli buneba, misi polielementuri struqtura
gansazRvravs analizis meTodebis mravalferovnebas. viyeneb kompleqsuri,
istoriul-SedarebiTi, sistemuri da struqturul-tipologiuri analizis
xerxebs.
sazogadod, musikaluri folklori rTul sistemas warmodgens.
sistemis Semadgenel elementTa arsebobis erTaderTi forma
urTierTqmedebaa. Janruli sistema aris ara mxolod xangrZlivi
istoriuli ganviTarebis Sedegi, aramed genetikurad dakavSirebuli
kompleqsi. amitom `nanas~ Janruli Taviseburebebis kvleva warmoudgenelia
sxva JanrebTan misi kavSirebis gamovlenis gareSe.
kompleqsuri analizis meTodis gamoyeneba simReris Semqmneli
elementebis (poezia, musika, moZraoba)MerToblivad Seswavlis garda,
gansaxilveli Janris _ rogorc qarTuli kulturis Semadgeneli nawilis
gaTvaliswinebasac gulisxmobs.
kulturologiur kvlevaSi mniSvnelovani adgili struqturuli
analizis meTods uWiravs. misi mizania mocemul kulturul arealSi
obieqtTa garkveuli simravlis erTiani struqturuli kanonzomierebebis
gamovlena (frangi mecnierebis klod levi-strosis, Jak deridas, Jak
lakanisa da miSel fukos mier terminiT `struqtura~ aRiniSneba adamianis
SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis forma, rogorc mTelis elementebs Soris
urTierTobaTa erToblioba). `struqtura ganixileba ara rogorc ama Tu im
kulturuli obieqtis ConCxi, aramed rogorc erToblioba wesebisa,
romelTa mixedviT, elementebis gadaadgilebiT erTi obieqtidan SeiZleba
miviRoT meore, mesame da a. S. struqturebi~ (lorTqifaniZe da gordeziani,

6
2003:123). `nanas~Ekvlevisas gamovlinda dasaZinebeli nimuSis evoluciis
gzaze warmoqmnili struqturuli saxesxvaobani _ Selocvis tipis `nana~,
mRerad-melosuri `akvnis nana~, mravalxmiani, lirikuli `akvnis simRera~,
romlebic erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul konkretul variantebs warmoqmnian.

naSromis analitikuri aparati da meTodologiuri baza

Camoyalibebulia Tanamedrove qarTuli Teoriuli, istoriuli
musikismcodneobisa da folkloristikis miRwevaTa bazaze.
gaTvaliswinebulia wina Taobisa da Tanamedrove periodis mecnierTa _
ivane javaxiSvilis, dimitri arayiSvilis, Salva aslaniSvilis, grigol
CxikvaZis, mindia Jordanias, kaxi rosebaSvilis, oTar CijavaZis, aleqsandre
msxalaZis, evsevi WoxoneliZis, Tamar mesxis, rusudan wurwumias, ivane
JRentis, ioseb Jordanias, mzia iaSvilis, Tamar mamalaZis, nino maisuraZis,
manana SilakaZis, ana petriaSvilis, jondo bardaveliZis, fiqria
zandukelis, ediSer garayaniZis, natalia zumbaZis, qeTevan baiaSvilis,
Tamaz gabisonias, Tamar WoxoneliZis, daviT SuRliaSvilis, Tina Jvanias,
giorgi baRaSvilis, nino ciciSvilis, giorgi garayaniZis da sxvaTa _ bevri
sagulisxmo gamokvleva (maT Soris gamouqveynebelic), sadisertacio da
sadiplomo naSromebi. uSualod musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebze
saubrisas upiratesobas vaniWeb intonaciuri analizis (Асафьев, 1971; Эвальд,
1934) da erTiani, mTliani analizis xerxebs (Мазель, Цуккерман, 1967 ).
bavSvis dasaZinebeli nimuSi erTgvari universaliaa. karga xania
gamocemuliaMmsoflios xalxTaA dasaZinebeli nimuSebis anTologiebi:
Daiken L. –The lullaby book. L.1959; Arma E. – Chansons du berceau (84 berceauses du folklore
francais et etranger). P.1965; Commins D.B. – Lullabies of the world. N.Y. 1963; Cass-Beggs
B&M. – Folk lullabyes.N.Y. 1963 (Земцовский, 1976:895). saqarTveloSi maTi
sistematizaciis pirvel cdas Cem mier Sedgenili sanoto krebuli
warmoadgenda (kalandaZe-maxaraZe, 2000).

gamokvleva emyareba sxvadasxva sanoto krebulsa da samecniero

naSromSi gamoqveynebul magaliTebs, axal notirebul masalas (40-mde
nimuSi). gamoyenebulia Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo
konservatoriis qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis

7
laboratoriisa (qxmSl) da folkloris saxelmwifo centris saeqspedicio
fonoCanawerebi, folkloris saxelmwifo centris, ivane javaxiSvilis
saxelobis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis xelnawerebi,
eqspediciebSi sxvadasxva dros Sekrebili masala, audio Tu video
Canawerebi, disertantis dakvirvebani da saSemsruleblo-praqtikuli
gamocdileba.
analizisas moxmobilia mezobeli kavkasieli xalxisa (adiRelebis,
inguSebis, somxebis, azerbaijanelebis) da msoflios sxva xalxTa (rusebis,
espanelebis, kongos tomebis da sxv.) kulturuli paralelebi. movlenaTa
arsis SecnobisaTvis gamoyenebulia TviT eTnikuri tradiciis matarebelTa
_ eTnoforTa ganmartebebi da gamonaTqvamebi.

disertaciis wyaroTmcodneobiTi baza samecniero naSromebTan erTad

arsebul sanoto da audioCanawerebsac moicavs. ganxiluli maqvs agreTve,
`qarTuli xalxuri poeziis~ VIII tomSi warmodgenili saleqso nimuSebi.
akvnis simRerebis Caweris saqmeSi didi wvlili Seitanes sxvadasxva
Taobis qarTvelma da araqarTvelma moRvaweebma, lotbarebma,
kompozitorebma da folkloristebma.
dasaZinebeli nimuSisa da mravalxmiani akvnis simReris sanoto
transkripciebi ekuTvniT: romanoz ZamsaSvils, andria benaSvils, zaqaria
CxikvaZes, qristefore grozdovs, dimitri arayiSvils, Salva mSveliZes,
konstantine kovaCs, grigol CxikvaZes, kote focxveraSvils, Salva
aslaniSvils, grigol kokelaZes, giorgi svaniZes, valerin cagareiSvils,
vladimer axobaZes, mixeil yanCels, daviT ToraZes, eduard savickis, Tamar
mamalaZes, mindia Jordanias, oTar CijavaZes, kaxi rosebaSvils, durmiSxan
goderZiSvils, valerian maRraZes, arCil xoravas, avqsenti megreliZes,
qeTevan megreliZes, anzor erqomaiSvils, nino maisuraZes, ediSer
garayaniZes, qeTevan baiaSvils, nino SveliZes, nino maxaraZes, nana
valiSvils, daviT SuRliaSvils, TinaTin Jvanias, Tea kasaburs, marina
xuxunaiSvils, lia salayaias, viqtoria samsonaZes, maia gelaSvils.
fonoCanawerebis saxiT arsebobs: Salva mSveliZis (1929 w.), Salva
aslaniSvilis (1948 w.), grigol CxikvaZis (1953 da 1959 ww.), mindia Jordanias
(1959-1960, 1977 ww.), nino maisuraZis (1964 w.) mier dafiqsirebuli xevsuruli

8
`nanebi~; 1960 da 1977 ww. mindia Jordanias mier mopovebuli moxeuri `nanas~
variantebi; 1949 w. Salva aslaniSvilisa da 1961 w. mindia Jordanias mier
mTiuleTSi Cawerili nimuSebi. amave kuTxeSi `nana~ CauweriaT Tamar
mamalaZesa da nino maisuraZes; mindia Jordanias ekuTvnis, agreTve,
gudamayruli (1958 w.) da Tianuri (1959 w.) masalis audioCanawerebi. TuSuri
`nana~ dafiqsirebuli aqvT nino maisuraZes (1965 w.) da qeTevan baiaSvils
(1986), qarTl-kaxuri `nana~ _ Tamar mamalaZes (1950 w.), grigol CxikvaZes
(1952 w.), oTar CijavaZes (1958 w.), kaxi rosebaSvils (1960 w.), mindia
Jordanias (1962 w.), nino kalandaZes, nato zumbaZesa da nino SveliZes (1986
w.). arsebobs ingilouri akvnis simReris erTi variantis Canaweri (nino
kalandaZisa da lela maqaraSvilis 2005 w.Eeqspedicia sagarejos r-nSi).
dasavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri dialeqtebidan xelT gvaqvs:
grigol CxikvaZis (1960 w.), mindia Jordanias (1967 w.), silvia bol-zempis
(1994 w.), natalia zumbaZis (2007 w.) mier Cawerili svanuri nimuSebi. 1962 w.
11 erTxmiani raWuli `nana~ Cawerili aqvs mindia Jordanias. Mmegruli
nimuSebi mopovebuli aqvT oTar CijavaZes (1959 w.), kaxi rosebaSvils (1973
w.), ediSer garayaniZes (1983 w.).
Gguruli erTxmiani nimuSebi dafiqsirebuli aqvs mindia Jordanias
(1971 w.), vladimer axobaZes (1959 w.), aWaruli masala mindia Jordanias (1972
w.), lazuri `ha, nani~ grigol CxikvaZes 1963 da 1973 ww. Cauweria; afxazur
mravalxmian nimuSs vladimer axobaZis (1956 w.) CanaweriT vicnobT. mesxuri
nimuSebi Cawerili aqvT Salva mSveliZes (1933 w.), valerian maRraZes (1961 w.),
viqtoria samsonaZes, maia gelaSvilsa da qeTevan bancaZes (1999 w.).
arc sanoto da arc fonomasalaSi ara gvaqvs leCxumuri, SavSuri
`nanas~ nimuSebi. saeqspedicio audioCanaweris saxiT ar arsebobs imeruli,
fSauri magaliTebi. analizis procesSi nawilobriv viTvaliswineb
ukanaskneli wlebis saeqspedicio masalebs da Tanamedrove periodis
meoradi folkloruli ansamblebis (`rusTavis~, goris gundis, `zedaSes~,
`georgikas~, `basianis~, `fesvebis~, `qarTuli xmebis~, `Savnabadas~,
`mzeTamzes~, sionis samrevlo skolis qalTa ansamblis, `naninas~) mier
Sesrulebul nimuSebs.

9
 Aavtoris mier pirvelad qarTul musikismcodneobaSi:
a) Tavmoyrili da sistematizebulia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi
Cawerili `nanasa~ da mravalxmiani lirikuli `akvnis simReris~ dReisaTvis
arsebuli sanoto da audio masala.
b) gansazRvrulia `nanas~ adgili da roli qarTuli folkloris
Janrul sistemaSi. gamovlenilia sxva JanrebTan misi kavSiri. warmoCenilia
Janris evoluciis gza.
g) Seswavlilia regionebis mixedviT erTxmiani dasaZinebeli nimuSebis
semantikis sakiTxebi, musikalur-stiluri, struqturuli kanonzomierebani
da artikulaciuri Taviseburebani.
d) ganxilulia am Janris istoriuli morfologiis Sedegad
Camoyalibebuli mravalxmiani, lirikuli simRerebi, maTi warmomqmneli
modelebi, erTxmiani da mravalxmiani formebis, qalTa da bavSvTa, qalTa
da mamakacTa repertuaris, avTentikuri da meoradi folkloris
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebi.
e) yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sakravieri da xmier-sakravieri musikis
problemebze (sakravis ritualuri daniSnuleba, Tanxlebis mxatvruli
Taviseburebani).

naSromi daexmareba tradiciuli qarTuli musikaluri memkvidreobis

Semswavlelebs da momijnave dargebis specialistebs eTnomusikologiuri
monacemebis gamoyenebis saSualebas miscems. disertaciis Sedegebi,
warmodgenili sanoto masala SesaZloa gaTvaliswinebul iqnas saswavlo-
saleqcio kursSi, saSemsruleblo da pedagogiur praqtikaSi, musikalur
TerapiaSi. aq Camoyalibebuli mosazrebani sxvadasxva dros warmodgenili
iyo rogorc respublikur, ise saerTaSoriso konferenciebsa da
simpoziumebze. sakvalifikacio naSromis dasrulebas win uswrebda sanoto
krebulebis Sedgena, sasimRero masalis Sesruleba qalTa folklorul
ansambl `mzeTamzeSi~.
disertaciaSi 153 gverdia. igi moicavs winaTqmas, oTx Tavs,
daskvnebsa da danarTs. SesavalSi dasabuTebulia kvlevis mizani,
Sesaswavli Temis aqtualoba., warmodgenilia wyaroTmcodneobiTi baza,
aRwerilia naSromis struqtura.

10
 I Tavi eTmoba sakiTxis Seswavlis istorias, `nanas~ raobis, misi
Janruli bunebis gansazRvras.Aaqve Camoyalibebulia kvlevis
meTodologiuri safuZvlebi.
II TavSi ganxilulia erTxmiani Zilispiruli `nanas~ socialur-yofiTi
konteqstis, misi funqciisa da semantikis sakiTxebi.
III Tavi eZRvneba dasaZinebeli nanas intonaciuri da artikulaciuri
kanonzomierebebis Seswavlas saqarTvelos regionebis mixedviT.
ukanasknel, IV TavSi Seswavlilia mravalxmiani `akvnis nanina~,
rogorc lirikuli intonirebis erT-erTi forma.
daskvnebSi Sejamebulia kvlevis Sedegebi.
naSroms darTuli aqvs gamoyenebuli literaturis sia (171 erTeuli),
sanoto krebulebis CamonaTvali (32 erTeuli), gamocemuli audioCanawerebis
nusxa (16 erTeuli), damowmebuli eqspediciebis CamonaTvali, audiodanarTi
SeniSvnebiT (18 erTeuli), sanoto magaliTebi komentarebiT (138 erTeuli).
zogierT svanur, megrul, lazur da wovaTuSur magaliTs axlavs qarTuli
Targmani, romelic Sesrulebulia qeTevan margianis, maka xarZianis, lia
salayaias, revaz Serozias da bela SavxeliSvilis mier.
MmadlierebiT minda gavixseno Cemi xelmZRvaneli, aw gardacvlili,
batoni kukuri WoxoneliZe, romelmac gezi misca mTel Cems
saqmianobas.Dmsurs madloba gadavuxado xelmZRvanels _ qalbaton rusudan
wurwumias da yvelas, vinc damexmara naSromis momzadebasa da teqnikur
uzrunvelyofaSi.

11
 Tavi I
D `nanas~ raoba da Janruli Tavisebureba, sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria,
kvlevis meTodologiuri safuZvlebi

problemaze msjelobis dawyebisaTvis aucilebeli piroba winamorbed

mkvlevarTa naazrevis ganxilvaa. Aakvnis `nanasTan~ dakavSirebul sakiTxebs
vxvdebiT qarTveli istorikosebis, eTnografebis, lingvistebis,
zepirsityvieri folkloris mkvlevarTa da musikismcodneTa naSromebSi.
winamdebare TavSi, dasaZinebeli nimuSis raobis garkvevisas, Sevajereb maT
mier gamoTqmul mosazrebebs, Cems komentarebs warmovadgen da agreTve,
Camovayalibeb Tanamedrove eTnomusikologiaSi SemuSavebul im
meTodologiur safuZvlebs, romlebsac kvlevis procesSi gadamwyvet rols
vaniWeb.
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi dasaZinebeli nimuSis
aRniSvnisaTvis iyeneben terminebs `akvnis nana~, `saakvno nana~ (Sead. rusuli
_ Колыбельные песни, inglisuri _ Cradle songs). `nanas~, `naninas~ saxeliT
qarTul folklorSi sxva simRerebic gvxvdeba. magaliTad, ix. `nanina~ _
saConguro, an `naninai~ _ laSqruli (moiswrafiSvili, 2008: 464). albaT
swored amitom gaxda saWiro saxelwodebis dakonkreteba (`akvnis nana~).
naSromSi sakvlev obieqts zogjer `dasaZinebeli nanas~, an `Zilispiruli
nanas~ saxelwodebiTac movixsenieb. marTalia, `Zilispiruli~ saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva kuTxeSi safeiqro ciklis simReras erqva, romelsac muSaobis
procesSi Zilis piras misuli subieqtis gamofxizlebis funqcia hqonda
(CxeiZe, 1961: 79), magram dRes `Zilispiruls~ Zilis ganwyobis Sesaqmneli
etapis gageba aqvs. gavixsenoT am saxeliT cnobili radiogadacemebi, sadac
zRaparTan erTad JRerda xolme akvnis simRera. amitom aRniSnuli cnebis
samuSao terminad gamoyeneba mizanSewonilad CavTvale.
TviT xalxSi dasaZinebeli nimuSis saxelwodebis ramdenime varianti
arsebobs: nana, nane, nani, nano, nanai, nanina; Qe-Qe, nano (xevsureTSi),
nanila-nanaila (svaneTSi), ha, nani (lazeTSi), ruru nana (aWaraSi), daÁ-daÁ,
naÁna (saingiloSi), akvnis nana. zogjer mis saTaurad `iavnanac~ ixmareba.
rogorc viciT, `iavnana~ hqvia infeqciuri daavadebebis dros bavSvis
samkurnalod Sesrulebul ritualur simReras (aq jerjerobiT arafers

12
vambob RvTis karze saTqmel `iavnanaze~, romlis socialuri funqcia da
intonirebis tipi ramdenadme gansxvavebulia dasaZinebeli da samkurnalo
nimuSebisagan). samkurnalo nimuSis saxelwodebad dasavleT saqarTveloSi
`batonebis nanina~, `batonebis simRera~, `batonebi~, `ia patnefi~,
`sabodiSoc~ gvxvdeba (ix. danarTi, mag. ## 85, 89, 92, 117).
`nanas~ da `iavnanas~ erTi sawyisidan momdinareobis, situaciaTa
msgavsebis (sawolSi mwoli patara), saerTo semantikuri erTeulebis,
refrenebis, intonaciuri masalis, Sesrulebis manerisa da sxv. gamo,
ganviTarebis garkveul etapze (savaraudod, orive maTganis saweso funqciis
Sesustebis Semdeg), unda momxdariyo maTi saxelwodebebis daaxloveba-
gaigiveba. amis Sesaxeb qvemoT vrclad visaubreb da Sevecdebi funqciurad
gansxvavebuli ori nimuSis saxelwodebaTa gaigivebis mizezebis garkvevas,
amjerad ki saWiroa SevTanxmdeT, rom `iavnanas~ saTauriT dafiqsirebul
dasaZinebel nimuSebs me `iavnanad wodebul dasaZinebel nimuSad~, an
`iavnanad wodebul akvnis nanad~ movixsenieb xolme. sxvaTa Soris, `nanasa~
da `iavnanas~ saxelwodebaTaAaRrevas samecniero (ZiriTadad,
arasamusikismcodneo) literaturaSic vxvdebiT, rac CemTvis miuRebelia da
tradiciuli saweso folkloris es ori Janri, sxva musikismcodneTa
msgavsad, erTmaneTisagan yovelTvis gamijnuli maqvs.
maSasadame, dasaZinebeli nimuSis saxelwodebad `nanas~ garda
SeiZleba `iavnanac~ Segvxvdes. mkvlevarTa umravlesobas bavSvis
dasaZinebeli simReris saxelad `iavnanas~ gamoyeneba gviandel movlenad
miaCnia.
saqarTveloSi SemorCenili dasaZinebeli da samkurnalo simRerebis
genezisis sakiTxi warmarTuli qalRvTaebis _ nanas saxels ukavSirdeba.
amis Sesaxeb qarTul saistorio da saeTnografio literaturaSi bevri ram
Tqmula.
arqeologiuri monacemebiT, nayofierebis RvTaebis Camoyalibeba
eneoliTis xanaSi ivaraudeba. swored am periodSi warmodgenil kavkasiur
adresamiwaTmoqmedo kulturas ekuTvnis qalis mcire zomis qandakebebi,
romlebic nayofierebisa da sicocxlis mfarveli RvTaebis ikonografiadaa
miCneuli (kikviZe, 1976:157). mecnierebi am kults III aTaswleuliT
aTariReben (bardaveliZe, j. 1979: 80-81). b. turaevis, l. meliqseT-begis,

13
korneli kekeliZis, simon janaSias da sxvaTa gamokvlevebze, agreTve im
faqtze dayrdnobiT, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, mcxeTaSi
aRmarTuli iyo aininas da dananas kerpebi, filolog anton xinTibiZes
dadasturebulad miaCnia warmarTuli RvTaeba nanas arseboba (xinTibiZe,
1962: 90).
cnobili eTnografi vera bardaveliZe did nanas astralur RvTaebad
miiCnevs. `iavnanas~ teqstis, avadmyofobasTan dakavSirebuli ritualis,
legendebis, uZvelesi rwmenis gadmonaSTebis, saweso grafikuli xelovnebis
Seswavlis safuZvelze igi adgens didi deda nanas kultis arsebobas.
sakulto da miTologiur monacemebze dayrdnobiT, mecnieri mas warmoaCens
gazafxulze aRorZinebuli bunebis, sicocxlis, Svilierebis, sinaTlisa da
nayofierebis qalRvTaebad (Бардавелидзе, В. 1957: 76-78).Mmisi azriT, avadmyofi
bavSvis gankurnebisaTvis Seqmnili ritualuri garemo (ayvavebuli
mcenareuloba, gaSlili sufra, marani, sicocxlis xe, Citebi) didi dedisa
da misi Svilebis qveynis (`batonebis qveynis~, `mzis baRis~) amqveyniuri
gamoxatulebaa (iqve, gv. 93). Mmkvlevari fiqrobs, rom didi dedis kultis
naSTebi ZiriTadad samkurnalo ritualebSi SemorCa, Tumca nanas saxesTan
asocirebul simboloTa Sesaxeb msjelobisas akvnis simRerebsac
moixseniebs (iqve, gv. 108). `qarTuli nanas SemorCenil magaliTebs SevyavarT
didi deda nanas samefoSi. Ddeda RvTaebis Svilebs utolebs Tavis miwier
Svilebs. mimarTavs maT sityvebiT (`dedis mwvane bostano~, `papas dargulo
venaxo~, `SemoCveulo mtredo~, `asxmulo margalito~, `anTebulo sanTelo~,
`tani alvad gauSvi~), romlebic dRes Cven metaforebi gvgonia~ (iqve, gv. 111).
avtori mzis RvTaebis Tvisebebs xedavs saqonlisa da nayofierebis uZveles
qarTul barbar-barbol-babarSic, romelsac Sumerul mzis RvTaeba babars
da wminda Bbarbares qristianul kultsac ukavSirebs (bardaveliZe, v. 2006).
nanasa da barbares kultebis bunebisa da astraluri Sinaarsiis
identurobas sxva mecnierebic aRniSnaven (kikviZe, 1976: 211).
Nirakli surgulaZis mixedviT, nana Zveli mcireaziuri qalRvTaebaa,
romelmac nuSisa Tu broweulis marcvlis saxiT muclad iRo mokvdavi da
aRdgenadi Wabuki _ RvTaeba atisi. maTi kultis mravali elementi (ubiwod
Casaxva, puriTa da RviniT ziareba, tanjuli Ze) Taviseburad SeiTvisa
qristianobam. Nnanas kultis zogierTi detali RvTismSobels daukavSirda.

14
saqarTvelo rom RvTismSoblis wilxvedr qveynad iTvleboda, esec nanas
Zlieri kultis gavlena unda iyos (surgulaZe, 1984: 310).
es debuleba, qristianuli dogmatikis TvalsazrisiT, sakamaToa.
Tumca,EaRniSnuli Tema gavrcelebuli iyo Zveli msoflios TiTqmis yvela
religiaSi. misi wanamZRvrebi arsebobs bibliaSic. yovelive safuZvels
aZlevs mkvlevrebs, zemoT aRniSnuli faqti qristes dabadebis, tanjvisa
da aRdgomis winaswarmetyvelebad miiCnion.
qarTuli dasaZinebeli nimuSebis teqstebSi RvTaeba nana qristianuli
wmindanebis gverdiT (RvTismSobeli, wminda giorgi) moixsenieba. igive unda
iTqvas RvTis karze saTqmeli `iavnanas~ teqstebzec (am nimuSs
damizezebuli, qadagad dacemuli qali eklesiis garSemo siaruliTa da
gansakuTrebuli wesebis dacviT _ fexSiSveli, TeTri TavsafriT, sanTliT
xelSi, pirjvrisweriT asrulebs). amgvari kontaminacia qarTuli
folklorisaTvis uaRresad niSandobliv faqts warmoadgens da istoriuli
ganviTarebis procesSi Zveli da axali motivebis Tanaarsebobis
damadasturebelia. vera bardaveliZis azriT, qarTul
religiurAsinkretizmSi qristianul elementebs warmarTuli sWarbobs
kidec (bardaveliZe, v. 2006:6). anton xinTibiZis cnobiT, xelnawerTa
institutSi A 1268-iT daculia leqsi `qristes nana~, romelSic nana
qristesTan erTad aris moxseniebuli (xinTibiZe, 1962: 90).
amasTan dakavSirebiT sagulisxmoa mTavarepiskoposis _ anania
jafariZis monacemebi: saberZneTSi, aTonis wminda mTaze, iveronis monastris
berebi wirvisas imeorebdnen im sagalobels, romelsac Cvil ieso qristes
yovladwminda RvTismSobeli ugalobda. wirvis didi gamosvlisas Sesabamis
sagalobels marcxena gundis berZeni mgalobeli urTavda misamRers
yvelasaTvis gaugebari sityvebiT, romelTa Soris umTavresi iyo `nenana~
(jafariZe, 1995:3). arqimandriti porfiri wignSi `pirveli mogzauroba
aTonis monastrebsa da skitebSi~ 1845 w. werda, rom `berZen momReralTa
swavlebiT `nenana~ igalobeba mosaxseneblad RvTismSoblisa, romelic
`nenanas~ ugalobda akvanTan RvTaebriv Cvils Tavisas~ (citata anania
jafariZis dasaxelebuli naSromidan, 1995: 3).
qarTvelTa RvTaeba nana, RvTaebaTaA deda, mzis erT-erTi ipostasia.
igi warmodgenili hyavdaT lamazi qalis saxiT, romelic umReroda akvanSi

15
mZinare yrmas. is ganagebda miwis nayofierebas, bunebis kvdoma-ayvavebas,
iTvleboda siyvarulis mfarvelad. varaudoben, rom fasisSi arianes mier
aRwerili cnobili qandakeba savarZelSi mjdomare qalRvTaebisa, romelsac
xelSi samusiko sakravi upyria da ferxTiT lomebi uwvanan, swored nanas
ganasaxierebda (surgulaZe, 1984: 310).
qarTuli zRaprebis (`anana~, `kitris qali~) analizis safuZvelze
anton xinTibiZe daaskvnis, rom nana ara marto RvTaeba, aramed bunebis
saidumloebaTa da RvTaebriv niSanTa matarebeli, mcenareulTan organulad
dakavSirebuli (iavnana = yvavilbatonebs), cxovelTa gamgebeli da
mbrZanebeliaA(xinTibiZe, 1962:92). `nanas~ uZveles variantebad mecnierebi
swored iseT teqstebs miiCneven, sadac mcenareTaA da cxovelTa saxeebi
gvxvdeba.
nanasadmi Tayvaniscemis tradicia erTnairad Zlieri yofila
kavkasiasa da mis maxlobel mxareebSi. qarTvelur umwerlobo enaSi _
zanurSi, romelic da megrul da Wanur dialeqtebs aerTianebs (kiziria,
1979:481) `nana~, `nena~ `dedis~ aRmniSvnel cnebebad ixmareba (javaxiSvili,
1992: 230). dedis saxelis aRmniSvnelad kavkasiur enebSic msgavsi sityvebi
gamoiyeneba: udurSi, CaCnurSi – nana, RumuqurSi – ninu, ruTulurSi – nin
(iqve, gv. 139, 159). `nan~ afxazurad dedis, bebiis mimarTvis formas
warmoadgens (gelaSvili, 2008: 1089). afxazur miTologiaSi `anana-gunda~
(gundis deda) mefutkreobisa da nadirobis qalRvTebaa (sixaruliZe, qeT.
2006:55). vaJa gvaxaria fiqrobs, rom Zvel Sumerul-asurul-babilonur
panTeonSi cnobili saxelebi _ ninni, nina, anuniTu, nana, ninlili, ninsini,
ninmaxi, ninxarsigi funqciurad winaaziis yvelaze popularuli RvTaebis
iSTaris saxelTan aris dakavSirebuli (gvaxaria, 1962:180).
sainteresoa, rom bavSvis dasaZinebeli nimuSebi `nanas~ msgavsi
saxelwodebiT gvxvdeba kavkasiisa da xmelTaSuazRvispireTis zogierT
xalxTanac. adiReSi `nanouored~ _ dedis simReraa, somxeTSi akvnis simRera
`nanikis~ saxeliT aris cnobili, azerbaijanSi mas `nenni-balas~, an `nenni-
ninas~ eZaxian. italiaSi da espaneTis baskeTSic `nana~ hqvia (mamalaZe, 1968:
81-82). am msgavsebas, kulturis ganviTarebis difuzuri Teoriis Tanaxmad,
mecnierebi (fridrix ratceli, robert grebneri da sxv.) saerTo

16
kulturuli kerebis arsebobiT xsnian (Лурье, http://svlourie.nfrod.ru./hist-
ethnology/1.htm).E
M Suamdinaruli miTologiaSi, Sumerul RvTaebaTa panTeonSi nana
mTvaris RvTaebas ewodeboda (kiknaZe, 1984:50). uZveles qarTvelebs im
kulturul arealSi moiazreben, sadac Sumeruli da saerTod winaaziuri
kultura iyo gavrcelebuli. amis gamo,Aaxalgazrda eTnologs _ giorgi
garayaniZes miaCnia, rom qarTvelebisTvisac nana mTvaris RvTaeba unda
yofiliyo. Mmisi azriT, amaze unda migvaniSnebdes is faqti, rom nanas himni
`iavnana~ (RvTis karze saTqmeli) wminda Ggiorgis dReobaze RamisTevis,
qadagad dacemis, jaWvdadebuli qalebis msvlelobis ritualebis gverdiT
sruldeboda. miCneulia, rom wminda Ggiorgim saqarTveloSi Caanacvla
mTvaris kulti (javaxiSvili, 1979:88). bavSvis dasaZinebel `nanaSi~ giorgi
garayaniZe Ramis mnaTobis _ mTvaris RvTaeba nanas moiazrebs, romelsac
Svilis usafrTxo Zils avedrebda deda (garayaniZe, g. 2008: 207).
vfiqrob, am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, romeli RvTaebis
saxelad vaRiarebT nanas. dasaZinebeli nimuSebisaTvis misaRebi SeiZleboda
yofiliyo orive mizanmimarTuleba. mTavari isaa, rom Zilispiruli `nana~
warmarTuli kulturis wiaRSi iRebs saTaves da isic, rom dasaZinebel, an
samkurnalo nimuSebSi gamoyenebuli intonaciuri masala zogadad
RvTaebisadmi mimarTvis saSualebas warmoadgenda. cxadia, me Sors var im
azrisagan, rom Cven xelT arsebuli dasaZinebeli nimuSebi ucvleli saxiT
SemorCa, magram faqtia, rom maTSi Semonaxulia arqauli semantikis bevri
mniSvnelovani detali. dasaZinebel simRerebSi warmarTuli elementebis
arseboba sxva xalxTa folklorSic dasturdeba. magaliTad,
azerbaijanuli akvnis simRerebSi gamoyenebuli refreni `laÁ, laÁ~, rusul
dasaZineblebSi naxsenebi `drema~, kata, ruxi mgeli, espaneli bavSvebis
SesaSinebeli `koko~ da sxv. mecnierebs swored im Soreuli
msoflmxedvelobis gadmonaSTebad miaCniaT.
eTnografiuli, lingvisturi, folkloruli masalis (maT Soris
dasaZinebeli nimuSis) kompleqsuri analizi adasturebs ivane javaxiSvilis,
vera bardaveliZis, irakli surgulaZisa da sxvaTa varaudis siswores.
qarTuli dasaZinebeli nimuSis saxelwodeba _ `nana~ _ warmosdgeba
verbalur teqstSi yvelaze xSirad ganmeorebuli sityvisagan. sagulisxmoa,

17
rom zogierTi `nana~ mTlianad am sityvis artikulirebazea agebuli. es
refreni polisemanturia, radgan ramdenime gageba aqvs: dRevandel
qarTulSi qalis saxelad ixmareba, Zilis sinonimicaa da, sxvadasxva
konteqstSi mocemuli, SeiZleba `dedas~, an `Svilosac~ aRniSnavdes.
cnobilia, rom folkloris zepirad gavrcelebis gamo, saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad icvleba sityvieri teqsti, magram refrenebi
metad uZlebs JamTa svlas da Zveli epoqis mravali saidumlo moaqvT
Cvenamde. TavianTi ucvlelobiTa da arqaulobiT gaocebas iwvevs iseTi
refrenebi da misamRerebi, romlebic uZveles RvTaebaTa saxelebs
warmoadgens (bardaveliZe, j. 1979: 78). niko mari miuTiTebda e. w. usityvo
simRerebze qarTvelebisa da monaTesave tomebis folklorSi, romelTa
misamRerebi tomobrivi totemis gadmonaSTebs warmoadgenen (Марр. 1936: 204).
aseT refrenTaA ricxvs `nanac~ unda mivakuTvnoT. cxadia, qalRvTaebis
saxelis xsenebas vedreba-SeTxovnis saxe da mfarveli magiuri funqciiT
borotisagan dacvis mizani unda hqonoda. sagulisxmoa, rom dasaZinebel
nimuSebSi imave mizniT sxva RvTaebaTa saxelebsac vxvdebiT. magaliTad,
xevsuruli, mesxuri, qarTluri da aWaruli dasaZineblebis teqstebma
Semogvinaxa refrenebi `aruru~, `ruru~, `ruro~. Suamdinarul miTologiaSi
aruru adamianTa modgmis Semqmneli qalRvTaebaa (kiknaZe, 1984:16). qarTul
Zilispirul `nanaSi~ `aruruebi (zogierT variantSi ururoebi) modian~ da
Tan moaqvT nana (zogan `Zili moaqvT urmiTao~). zmna `aru~ urartul enaSi
micemas niSnavs (svaniZe, 1936: 36; meliqiSvili, 1951: 144-145). aruruebi Zilis
mimcemi, Zilis mimniWebeli RvTaebebi arian. am TvalsazrisiT, sayuradReboa
daZinebis, Tvlemis aRmniSvneli qarTuli gamoTqma `Tvalze rulis
mokideba~. sityva `aruru~ etimologiurad axlos dgas qarTul magiur
SelocvebSi xSirad gamoyenebul refrenTan `haruli~, (`aruli~), romelic
boroti Zalebis gamfrTxobad gvevlineba (`arururu kudiano, Seni svi da
Seni Wame!~, an `haruli kudianebsa, haruli! jvari aqaurobasa,
haruli!).sainteresoa, rom xevsurul `nanebSi~ daculi fraza `ruro,
ruroTao~ `nano, nanoTaos~ paralelurad gamoiyeneba. `Tari~, `Tarai~
urartulad dids, Ddiads niSnavs (iqve). `nanoTa(r)o~, `ruroTa(r)o~
Sesabamisad, `dido nanas~, `dido ruros~ SeiZleba aRniSnavdes.

18
 Gjondo bardaveliZe wers, rom misamRerebi da refrenebi istoriulad
win uswrebdnen leqsis _ rogorc ritmulad organizebuli sityvieri
teqstis warmoSobas. `esa Tu is simRera, saukuneebis manZilze arCevda
sxvadasxva refrenebs da bolos Seiqmna garkveuli cikli refrenebisa,
romlebic damokidebulni gaxdnen mocemul simReraTa jgufze. . . akvnis
simRerebma Tavis irgvliv Semoikriba iavnanas refrenebi~ (bardaveliZe, j.
1979: 80-81).
dasaZinebeli nimuSis tipuri refreni `nanaa~, samkurnalosaTvis ki
`iavnana~. Aam ukanasknelSi refreni `nana~ _ `nana batonos~, an `naninana
batonebos~ saxiT gvxvdeba. `nanasaTvis~ tradiciul refrenad iqca
`iavnanac~, rac savaraudod, samkurnalo da dasaZinebeli nimuSebis
saxelwodebaTa gaigivebis Semdeg unda momxdariyo.
vaxtang kotetiSvils miaCnia, rom samkurnalo nimuSebSi naxsenebi ia
da vardi, Sesabamisad _ `iavnana~, `vardonana~ _ `qvesknelT RvTaebebTan~
dakavSirebuli sityvebia (kotetiSvili, 1961:324). fiqria zandukeli sityva
`nanas~ mniSvnelobebis (deda, Zili) dakavSirebas akvnis simRerebTan
savsebiT bunebrivad miiCnevs, magram fiqrobs, rom aq mTavari mainc Zilis
faqtori Cans (zandukeli, 1977:39). marTlac, es sityva dasaZinebel nimuSSi
zogjer Zilisaken mowodebad aRiqmeba (`nana qeni~ = `daiZines~). iazon
kikviZis azriT, misamRerebSi (`iav nana, vardo nana, iavnaninao~) mocemuli
nana sakuTari saxeli ki ar aris, aramed `daiZines~ niSnavs, xolo iasa da
vards bavSvs uwodeben da ara nanas (kikviZe, 1976: 217). `iavnanas~ grigol
CxikvaZec «Спи фиалка»-d Targmnis (CxikvaZe, 1971: 15). vfiqrob, daZinebis
faqtori `nanas~ funqciis sxvadasxva dones _ magiurs, samkurnalosa da
utilitaruls erTdroulad ukavSirdeba. mSvidi Zili avadmyofi bavSvis
gamojanmrTelebis aucilebeli pirobacaa. aleqsandre jambakur-orbeliani
statiaSi `iverianelebis galoba, simRera da RiRini~ samkurnalo simRerad
`nanas~ asaxelebs: ` avaTyofis (stili daculia _ n. m.) simRera `nana~
ukeTesi xma raRa unda~ (jambakur-orbeliani, 1861: 149). Zilisa da akvnis
Tematika mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs rogorc dasaZinebel, ise samkurnalo
nimuSebSi, gvxvdeba saZeobo da akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis ritualis
TanmxlebAsaferxulo simRerebSi.

19
 giorgi garayaniZis azriT, samRerisSi `iavnana~ daculia an
RvTaebisadmi mimarTva, an sakraluri sityva-formula. `Suamdinarul
miTologiaSi nana mTvaris RvTaebis saxelia, `naninao~ ki samkomponentiani
glosolalia, sadac 1. nan _ nanaa, 2. nin _ mbrZanebeli, 3. ano _ ca. amrigad
naninao niSnavs `nana meufe cisa~ (garayaniZe, g. 2008: 181). rac Seexeba ias.
`ia~ Suamdinarul miTologiaSi RvTaebisadmi mimarTvis formis nawilia. es
forma Sedgeba Sorisdebulis tipis `iasagan~ da Tavad mfarveli RvTaebis
saxelisagan. magaliTad, RvTaeba nergalisadmi mimarTva aseTia: `ia!
nergal!~ analogiuri agebulebisaa RvTaeba nanasadmi mimarTvac: `ia! nana~.
qarTul batonebis simReras saTaursa da refrenebSi swored es formula
Semounaxavs. mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom `iananas~ gardaqmna `iavnanad~
ganpirobebuli unda iyos simReris Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobis dakargviT
da xalxis mier sityvis xelaxla gadaazrebiT. nana aRqmul iqna qalis
saxelad, ia ki yvavilis saxeliT Seicvala. miTumetes, rom asociaciis
safuZvels iZleva saxadianis oTaxis morTvisas uxvad gamoyenebuli
mcenareuloba~ (iqve, 182). am TvalsazrisiT sagulisxmoa cnobili xalxuri
leqsis `modi, vnaxoT venaxis~ Zveli variantis dasawyisi _ `ia, vnaxoT
venaxi~, romlis gaugebari mniSvneloba iakob gogebaSvils Seucvlia da
`deda enaSi~ Seutania im saxiT, rogorc es dRemde aris cnobili (Ciqovani,
1975:254, ColoyaSvili, 2005:73).
filologi-folkloristis lia ClaiZis azriTac, `iavnanas~ funqciis
gadanacvleba da akvnis simRerad gamoyeneba mogvianebiT moxda (ClaiZe, 2006:
75).
qarTvel qalTa sawesCveulebo folklorSi savedrebeli da
sadidebeli simRerebis Janruli specifikisa da mravalxmianobis sakiTxebis
kvlevisas natalia zumbaZe batonebis kultTan dakavSirebul nimuSTa
saxelwodebaSi `iavnanas~ da `naninas~ erTi da imave mniSvnelobis
saxelebad miiCnevs (zumbaZe, 1994/95: 5). mis mier mopovebuli ganmartebebiT
`nanaTi~, `naninaTi~, `iavnaninaTi~ Tqma `RvTisaTvis gasagebi locvaa,
datkbobaa~. `mas mimarTaven Tavis Sesacodeblad, Sesananeblad, wyalobis
gamoTxovis mizniT~ (iqve). natalia zumbaZis dakvirvebiT, refreni `iavnana~
amindis savedrebel nimuSebSi _ imerul `gonjasa~ da kaxur `guTanze
datirebaSic~ gadasula (zumbaZe, 1997:96). saintereso da sagulisxmoa

20
agreTve, termini `dananaveba~, romelsac mkvlevari leCxumeli da imereli
eTnoforebis ganmartebebsa da samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiT xsnis:
`dananaveba~, `dananinaveba~ simReriT, dakvriT RvTis Sexvewas niSnavs
(zumbaZe, 1994/95:5). akvnis nanasTan mimarTebaSi es termini darwevas,
damSvidebas, daSoSminebas, moferebas, dayvavebas, mReras gulisxmobs. kaxis
r-nis sof. alaTemuris mkvidris m. qurmuxelis cnobiT saingiloSi `Tu
yrmam nanaze ar daiZina. . . bavSvs akvnidan amoiyvanen, ramdenime wuTiT
xeliT ananaveben, Semdeg isev Caawvenen da nela arweven akvans. roca bavSvs
CaeZineba, ityvian: `zili dedam daazinao~ (qurmuxeli, 1985: 4). aWareli
mTqmelis, asie qaTamaZis TqmiT `Svils akvanSi vumRerebdi, dounaniebdi,
dounaniebdi~ (2005 w. Suaxevis r-nSi Caw. masalidan).
rac Seexeba refrenebs `nana~, `nanina~, Tavisi mravalricxovani
transformaciiT, qarTul xalxur sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi maTi gamoyenebis
areali metad farToa (gavixsenoT Sromis, mayruli, mgzavruli, sacekvao-
saTamaSo, saferxulo nimuSebis, lirikul, epikur simReraTa uamravi
magaliTi).
manana SilakaZis dakvirvebiT `nana~, `nanina~ nairgvari kombinaciiT
(arnano, arunano, harunano, delav nanina, deli nana, varanani, varunano,
nana rero, nana dela, ranina da a. S.) glosolaliis saxiT gvxvdeba
qarTl-kaxeTSi, imereTSi, guriaSi, aWaraSi, samegrelosa da raWaSi. dRes
mniSvnelobadakarguli es bgeraTkompleqsebi ufro xSirad uZvelesi
warmoSobis simRerebSi dasturdeba. amasTanave, maTi arseboba `miuTiTebs
arsebul musikalur teqstze misadagebuli sityvieri teqstis
cvalebadobis albaTobaze. . . musikaluri frazis metrTan SesabamisobaSi
mosayvanad xdeba zedmeti sityviT _ glosolaliiT misi Sevseba (SilakaZe,
1999: 203-204). mecniers xalxuri saSemsruleblo praqtikisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel movlenad miaCnia sityvieri teqstis arcodnis SemTxvevaSi
melodiis samRerisebiT Sesruleba (iqve, 205). m. SilakaZe yvela gaugebar
sityvaSi RvTaebis saxelis danaxvis winaaRmdegia, Tumca, zogierTi
glosolaliis (dil, arale, nana) semantikis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebi uZveles RvTaebaTa saxelebTan maTi kavSiris Sesaxeb
mkvlevars damajereblad miaCnia (iqve, 207).

21
 XVII s. qarTveli leqsikografis sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT
`nana _ saamos, sandomelis, sayvarelis sinonimia (orbeliani, 1991: 575).
cxadia,Ees gageba termins ufro adrec unda hqonoda. marTalia, `sityvis
konaSi~ Zilze miniSnebas ar vxvdebiT, magram `nana~ dRes tkbili, saamuri,
sasurveli Zilisa da Svilisadmi dedis usazRvro siyvarulis
gamomxatveli sityvaa.
adreuli qarTuli ganmanaTleblobis brwyinvale warmomadgenlis
ioane batoniSvilis (XVIII-XIX ss.) enciklopediuri xasiaTis naSromSi
`kalmasoba~, petres kiTxvaze _ `nanina raRa gvaria?~ _ ioane pasuxobs:
`nanina aris yrmaTa dasaZinebeli simRera, gvari mokle lekuciis saxiT
rvaTa xmovanTa mier Semdgari da cxrisa uxmo asoTi, esreT, viTarca aqa
Cans, xolo yovelTvis batoni mova.
nanina, nana batonsa
eZineba batonsa.
egreTve aris esgvaradaca Tqmuli:
iavnana, vardonana, iavnaninao,
ias vardi riT sjobia, iavnaninao,
riT ufro mSvenieria, iavnaninao,
silamaziT yayaCo sjobs, iavnaninao,
yana daumSvenebia, iavnaninao.
Dda esreT uSores, esec gvari ars simReris Zeobisa~ (batoniSvili,
1936: 294).
rogorc vxedavT, ioane batoniSvilis mier ukve gansazRvrulia `nanas~
Janruli specifika: misi misadageba bavSvis daZinebis procesTan, masSi
refrenebis arsebobis sakiTxi. Aamave dros, ikveTeba dasaZinebeli nimuSis
kavSiri qarTuli folkloris Janruli sistemis iseT nawilebTan, rogoric
samkurnalo, saZeobo simRerebi da bavSvTa zepirsityvieriA folkloria.
samecniero literaturis gacnobam cxadyo, rom Semdgomi periodis
mkvlevrebic igive problemebis winaSe dganan da aqedan gamomdinare, akvnis
`nanaze~ msjelobisas, `mze Sinaze~ da samkurnalo `iavnanaze~, agreTve
bavSvTaA repertuarze Cemi yuradRebis SeCerebac ar unda iyos gasakviri.
ioane batoniSvilis pasuxidan bolo winadadeba filolog ana
RviniaSvils Semdegnairad esmis: `avtori naninas sTvlis iseve uSores

22
droisad, rogoric aris Zeobis `mze Sina~ (RviniaSvili, 1961: 66). Mmisive
varaudiT, pirvel teqstSi naxsenebi batoni ar unda iyos dakavSirebuli
infeqciuri daavadebis gamomwvev batonebTan. cnobilia, rom aRmosavleT da
dasavleT saqarTvelos samkurnalo simReris variantebSi batonebis mamidis
gverdiT ixsenieba `deda batoni~, xan ki `didi batoni~, romelic vera
bardaveliZis azriT, igive mzisa da nayofierebis qalRvTaeba nana
(Бардавелидзе, В. 1957: 78), xolo elene virsalaZis azriT, igive barbarea. mas
emudarebian bavSvis gadarCenas (virsalaZe, 1955: 163). ana RviniaSvili wers:
`Cveni winaprebis SexedulebiT ojaxSi yvelaze did pirovnebad, TiTqmis
batonad bavSvi iyo miCneuli. Aamis anareklia mTaSi SemorCenili adaTi:
bavSvis oTaxSi Sesvlisas did-patara yvela fexze dgeba. Aamitom, SesaZloa
batoniSvilis naTqvamSi igulisxmeba jansaRi bavSvi. is aris batoni, mas
eZineba~ (RviniaSvili, 1961: 66).
ioane batoniSvilis mier magaliTad motanili meore sasimRero
teqsti refreniT _ `iavnananinao~ namdvilad aris dakavSirebuli
samkurnalo nimuSTa sityvier teqstebTan. Zilispiruli `nanas~ da
samkurnalo `iavnanas~ kavSirze qvemoT kidev ara erTxel SevCerdebiT.
xolo rac Seexeba `mze Sinas~, Cemi azriT, yrmaTa dasaZinebeli simRera
`nanina~ avtors saZeobo simReris gvarad, anu msgavsad unda miaCndes. maT
intonaciur masalaSi, musikalur-saxeobriv wyobaSi marTlac rom
SeiniSneba siaxlove, Aamas 1902 w. dimitri arayiSvilis mier Cawerili
`mze Sinao, mze Sinaos~ komentaric adasturebs (Аракишвили, 1908: 82, #1):
saConguro TanxlebiT damRerebuli es nimuSi mamakacis SesrulebiT swored
bavSvis dasaZinebel simRerad aris dafiqsirebuli. igive (dasaZinebeli)
funqcia aqvs valerian maRraZis mier Caweril mesxur `mze Sina da mze
gareTasac~ (maRraZe, 1987: 174). XX saukunis bolos cnobili lotbari _
giorgi saluqvaZe `iavnanad~ wodebuli mravalxmiani dasaZinebeli simReris
saConguro SesavalSi guruli `mze Sinas~ motivs iyenebs (kalandaZe-
maxaraZe, 2000: 66).
XVIII saukunis poeti Teimuraz II `dRisa da Ramis gabaasebaSi~ (anu
`sarke TqmulTaSi~) zedmiwevniTi sizustiT asaxavs ra qarTvelTa zne-
Cveulebebs, 577-578-e strofebSi ase aRwers Zeobis rituals:
`rac iyo rigi qorwilSi, ise gamarTven msmelobas,

23
 ar daakleben galobas, arc dasdeblisa mTqmelobas,
RvinoSi Sevlen, iqmones ferxisis daukleblobas,
iqiT da aqeT Caebnen, SemosZaxeben Zeobas.
gareT gamovlen, ferxisas Sevlen, sad qali wevsa-da,
ityvian gaRmiT-gamoRma, aayoleben fexsa-da,
simReriT SigniT Sesvlasa, dahpatiJeben mzesa-da,
ar daakleben Zeobas, rigi rac aris wesada~ (Teimuraz II,
1976 : 369-370).
teqstidan sruliad naTelia, rom `mze Sina~ sawesCveulebo Janris
mravalxmiani, orpiruli saferxulo simReraa. natalia zumbaZe miiCnevs, rom
dimitri arayiSvilis mier gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi Cawerili saZeobo
nimuSis solo variantebi unda iyos Sedegi mravalxmiani saferxulo hangis
erTi adamianis mier Sesrulebisa. saConguro Tanxleba mkvlevars am
uZvelesi saweso ferxulis gviandel danamatad miaCnia (zumbaZe, 2007: 301-
302).
vfiqrob, `nanasa~ da `mze Sinas~ hangis saxeobrivi msgavseba
adrefolkloruli melodiebis polisemantizmis damadasturebelia.
arqauli musikis polisemanturoba jer kidev zinaida evaldisa (Эвальд, 1934)
da roman gruberis mier iyo SemCneuli (Грубер, 1941:37). izali zemcovskis
azriT, Janrul formulaSi _ htf _ hangi, teqsti, funqcia (НТФ _ напев,
текст, функция) _ musika ufro metad orientirebulia funqciis zogad doneze
(mfarveli magia, vedreba, mowodeba, daZaxeba da sxv.). Aamitom aris, rom
`adrefolklorul da folklorul sasimRero tradiciaSi musikaluri
Janri gacilebiT naklebia, vidre poeturi~ (Земцовский, 1974:196). xalxur
simReraSi hangi dakavSirebulia ara realur movlenebTan, aramed tipurTan.
mas ar exeba teqstis siuJeti. igi mxatvruli ganzogadebis sxva safexurze
viTardeba. musikaluri ganzogadeba ki, xelovnebis am dargis specifikuri
bunebis gamo, yovelTvis erTi safexuriT maRla dgas. `musikas SevyavarT im
konteqstSi, romelic SeiZleba teqstSi arc ki iyos. saweso, saferxulo
simRerebSi teqsti da hangi sxvadasxva funqciebzea orientirebuli, magram
TviT xalxis mier es faqti winaaRmdegobad ar aRiqmeba~ (iqve, gv. 199).

24
 adrefolklorul melodikaSi gabatonebulia ara esTetikuri, aramed
warmoebiTi rigis mimarTulebani. miznis miRwevisaTvis ki intonacia
maqsimalurad moqmedi unda iyos.
xalxuri da profesiuli simRera simReris ori, stadiurad
gansxvavebuli tipia. xalxuri simReris musikaluri Sinaarsi da mxatvruli
saxe principulad gansxvavdeba vokaluri nawarmoebis musikaluri Sinarsisa
da mxatvruli saxisagan. xalxuri simReris semantikis kvlevisas ar
SeiZleba davemyaroT profesiuli vokaluri musikis analizisas
gamomuSavebul Cvevebs. ar SeiZleba xalxuri simReris melodiis Sinaarsi
intonirebuli sityvebis Sinaarsis mixedviT avxsnaT. `xalxuri simReris
melodia arasodes ar asaxavs mxatvrulad teqstis calkeul sityvebs~
(Земцовский, 1966: 222).
sityvas da musikas gansxvavebuli buneba da gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi
aqvT. sxvadasxva JanrSi, Sesrulebisa da aRqmis pirobebidan da formebidan
gamomdinare, TiToeuli maTganis roli da funqcia gansxvavebulia.
magaliTad, datirebis sxvadasxva formaSi SeiniSneba sityvieri teqstis
aSkara upiratesoba, radganac motirlis erT-erTi mizani micvalebulis
Semkoba, misi Rirsebebis warmoCenaa.Aakvnis `nanaSi~ wamyvani hangia, radgan
bavSvisaTvis mTavaria dedis xmis, misi intonaciis aRqma. amas is faqtic
adasturebs, rom dasaZinebeli hangis umartivesi nimuSebi zogjer saerTod
usityvod, `a~ xmovanze sruldeba. garkveuli momentidan verbaluri teqsti
intonirebisaTvis saWiro sityvis masalad iqceva da `nanas~NANAmelodia-
qargaze Sinarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebuli, Tumca erTi saxeobrivi
sferos poeturi striqonebisa Tu strofebis kontaminireba iwyeba.
ayalibebs ra zepiri tradiciis lirikis warmoSobis wyaroebs, izali
zemcovski saubrobs eTnoforis mier nacnobi intonaciebis gamoyenebaze.
Mmisi dakvirvebiT, akvnis simRerebSi, rogorc lirikuli intonirebis erT-
erT formaSi, SeimCneva dedisaTvis cnobili sruliad gansxvavebuli
sasimRero, an sxva masalis gadamRereba. es intonaciebi momRerals yurSi
aqvs da mocemul momentSi lirikuli kompoziciis agebisaTvis ratomRac
surs gamoiyenos. saubaria ara Tavisufal improvizaciaze stabiluri
formis gareSe, aramed ukve arsebuli mxatvruli (sasimRero) formebis
Segnebul, ama Tu im asociaciiT ganpirobebul gamoyeneba-gadaazrebaze

25
(Земцовский, 1994: 13). folklorSi SemTxveviTi movlena saerTod ar arsebobs.
Aaq saqme gvaqvs saukuneebiT gamomuSavebul koleqtiur mexsierebasTan da
Janruli sistemis sxvadasxva nawilTa dakavSireba SemTxveviT arasodes
xdeba.A
dasaZinebeli nimuSi, Sesrulebisa da aRqmis gansakuTrebuli
pirobebidan gamomdinare, marTlac iZleva lirikuli improvizaciis farTo
SesaZleblobas. Cemi azriT, akvnis `nanasa~ da `mze Sinas~ hangis saxeobriv
msgavsebasTan erTad (orive SemTxvevSi saqme gvaqvs mfarveli magiuri
mizanmimarTulebis mqone intonaciaTa arsebobasTan), iribi Sinaarsobrivi
asociaciis gamomwvev mizezad saZeobo ferxulis poetur teqstebSi
naxsenebi `akvnis sasyidlad wasuli mamis~ motivic SeiZleboda qceuliyo
(`vaJis mama Sin ar ari, mzev, Sin Semodio, akvnis sasyidlad wasula, mzev,
Sin Semodio~, an `qalaqs ari akvnisTvina, mzev, Sin Semodio~). . . SemCneulia
agreTve `mze Sinasa~ da samkurnalo `iavnanas~ melodiebis identurobac.
`mokle popularul samusiko enciklopediaSi~ ia kargareTeli wers:
`soflad xalxSi iavnanas hangze awyoben kidev sityvebs _ mze Sina da mze
gareTa~ (kargareTeli, 1933:16). dimitri arayiSvilis cnobiT, `mze Sina da
mze gareTa~ imRereboda bavSvis dabadebasTan dakavSirebiT. igive teqsti
`iavnanas~ hangiT qarTlSi gamoiyeneboda mSobiaresTanac da bavSvis
infeqciuri daavadebebis drosac (Аракишвили, 1908: 9). `iavnanasa~ da `mze
Sinas~ melodiebs aleqsandre msxalaZe amsgavsebs aWaruli saZeobo
ferxulis ` naÁ-naÁ, ninaÁnas~ melodias (msxalaZe, 1968: 32). n. zumbaZis
azriT ki, aWaruli `naÁ-naÁ~ qarTuli saZeobo ferxulis _ `mze Sinas~ _
aWaruli variantia (zumbaZe, 2007). Salva aslaniSvili naSromSi
_˛`narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis Sesaxeb~·_ gansakuTrebul
adgils uTmobs ˛`iavnanas~ melodias. Mmkvlevari vrclad ganixilavs am
hangis adgilsa da rols qarTul musikalur folklorSi da mas qarTuli
musikalur-folkloruli fondis ZiriTad nawilad miiCnevs (aslaniSvili,
1954: 90-164). Tamar mamalaZis azriT, `mze Sinas~, `iavnanas~ da bevr Sromis
simReras erTi intonaciuri formula udevs safuZvlad (mamalaZe, 1962:73).
sayuradReboa, rom iavnanas hangi gamoyenebulia agrarul kultebTan
dakavSirebul iseT JanrebSi, rogoricaa mag., gonja-lazare, dideba, daTos
ferxuli, zemyrelo, laSaris simRera da sxv. (mamalaZe, 1968:80-81). n.

26
maisuraZe miiCnevs, rom mravali saweso, Sromis Tu sayofacxovrebo simRera
`iavnanas~ intonaciur areSi eqceva (maisuraZe, 1989:12). akvnis nanebis
`musikaluri masala naTlad avlens kavSirs samgloviaro, saferxulo, da
nawilobriv, istoriul-sagmiro simRerebis im nimuSebTan, romlebic
qarTuli xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis uZveles etapebs asaxaven~ (iqve, gv.
11).
andria benaSvilis mier XIX saukunis bolos gamoqveynebul sanoto
krebulSi mocemul erTxmian magaliTs axlavs minaweri, romelic `naninas~
Janrul TaviseburebasTan erTad misi muzicirebis tipzec migvaniSnebs:
`mReris deda, rodesac Tavis Svils aZinebs akvanSi. mReris wynarad da
tkbilad~ (benaSvili, 1886: 40). fiqria zandukeli savsebiT samarTlianad
SeniSnavs, rom `nanasaTvis~ damaxasiaTebelia dabal, tkbil, saamo xmaze
Sesruleba.
erTi dasaZinebeli nimuSis sityvier teqstSi naTqvamia:
`am Cven patara Svilsao, nanav da nanina.
davZaxeb neli xmiTao, nanav da nanina.
movgvriT tkbilad nanasao, nanav da nanina~ (Ciqovani, 1979:113).
akvnis rwevis monotonur moZraobasTan Serwymuli RiRini Zilis
mogvris saukeTeso saSualebaa. sazogadod, arabunebrivi xmiT mReras,
Cveulebrivi yofiTi komunikaciisagan gansxvavebul artikulirebas (am
SemTxvevaSi Zalian Cumad _ RiRiniT, RuRuniT) mkvlevrebi magiuri
zemoqmedebis Zalas miaweren. xolo is, rom `nanas ityvian~, unda
migvaniSnebdes xelovnebis ganviTarebis adreul, e. w. sinkretulobis
droindel etapze, roca mRera, qmedeba, Tqma gaigivebulia da erTmaneTis
gareSe ar arsebobs.
ioseb Jordanias azriT, `RiRini~ aris adamianuri komunikaciis erT-
erTi uZvelesi da udidesi praqtikuli mniSvnelobis mqone movlena. man
gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrula adamianis evoluciis adreul etapebze da
dResac Zalian mniSvnelovan (Tumca xSirad SeumCnevel) rols TamaSobs.
misi dakvirvebiT, socialuri cxovelebisaTvis siCume safrTxis, gangaSis
tolfasi niSania. usafrTxoebisa da simSvidis atmosferos ki qmnis
xmadabali xmianoba, Taviseburi `RiRini~ (Jordania, i. 2008: 3). Aavtors
miaCnia, rom es funqcia adamianuri komunikaciisa da enis ganviTarebis

27
procesSic imave funqciis matarebeli unda yofiliyo. `RiRini~ aris
adamianis fsiqologiaSi genetikurad arsebuli elementi, romlis
evoluciuri funqciac milionobiT wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo adamianTa
jgufebSi uSiSroebis dacva, mtaceblebis kontroli da jgufis
wevrebisaTvis dadebiTi emociebis, fsiqologiuri komfortis Seqmna (iqve,
gv. 6).
bavSvis daZinebisas usafrTxo, mSvidi auris Seqmna dedis upirvelesi
mizania.Aakvnis `nanas~ RiRiniT, RuRuniT Sesrulebis maneras im uZveles
rwmenasac ukavSireben, romelic mZinare bavSvis mfarveli angelozebis
maameblobaSi, pativiscemaSi, gulis mogebasa da datkbobaSi gamoixateboda
(zandukeli, 1977: 39). mSvid Zils, ZilSi gaRimebas xSirad swored am
mfarvel angelozebs miaweren xolme. saingiloSi ymawvili Tu ZilSi
gaicinebs, ityvian: `ymawvil icinis! akuan ar SearyioT, angelozev
dafxdevianav~ (qurmuxeli, 1985:4).
qarTuli samusiko folkloristikis fuZemdebeli Ddimitri
arayiSvili sayofacxovrebo `nanas~, `urmulTan~ erTad, glexuri erTxmiani
simReris ganviTarebaSi uZveles safexurad miiCnevda (arayiSvili, 1925:7).
misi azriT, yvela nana naRvliania. `didma istoriulma Tavgadasavlebma,
samSoblos xSirma aoxrebam, mravalmxrivma gasaWirma asaxva hpova qarTveli
dedis nanaSi~ (Аракчиев, 1905:24). eTnografiNnaTela kapanaZe akvnis
simRerebSi xedavs SviliT gaxarebul, amRerebul dedas, romelic did
siyvarulsa da Tavis gancdebs simReriT gamoxatavs. simReriTve cdilobs
deda, bavSvi momavali cxovrebisaTvis moamzados, gaacnos garesamyaro,
Caunergos kuTxis, samSoblos siyvaruli (kapanaZe, 1986: 30).
qarTuli `nanas~ Seswavlis saqmeSi didi wvlili Seitanes poeturi
folkloris mkvlevrebma. marTalia, isini xSirad Zilispiruli nimuSis
musikalur mxares, Sesrulebis xasiaTsa da manerasac akvirdebian, magram
maTi Seswavlis ZiriTad obieqts `nanas~ Janruli kuTvnilebisa da
sasimRero teqstebis Sinaarsobriv-struqturuli, Tu mxatvrul-poeturi
Taviseburebebi warmoadgens.
literaturis istorikosisa da xelovnebaTmcodnis vaxtang
kotetiSvilis mixedviT: `simRera `iavnanas~ daukargavs Tavisi pirveladi
saweso xasiaTi da metwilad akvnis simRerad qceula, rasac rusebi

28
«байка»-s uwodeben, sparselebi `lolos~, frangebi _@berceuse, germanelebi _
wiegelied, ingliselebi _ cradle song lullaby~ (kotetiSvili 1961: 323). savsebiT
samarTliania avtoris dakvirveba, rom `iavnanad~ wodebul dasaZinebel
nimuSSi mxolod samkurnalo hangisa da teqstis dasawyiss amboben da
danarCens, rac batonebisaTvis aris gankuTvnili, ara. avtors moaqvs
ingilouri `nanas~ Semdegi teqsti:
`daÁ-daÁY Sulo, daÁ,
koxta Jani, daÁ,
Cemo gulo, daÁ,
daÁzin Sulo, daÁ,
daÁ qen Tolo, daÁ,
Senam Samgevleb, daÁ,
tkbilad daÁzin, daÁ,
Janih Wirimen, daÁ,
vaSkac gaxdi, daÁ,
duSman bevr gyav, daÁ,
saqmeÁ bol goq, daÁ,
Sen rum gaizdebi, daÁ,
xanJals mogcem, daÁ,
mamuls mouar, daÁ,
Semoamagr, daÁ,
daÁ, daÁ, daÁ, daÁ, daÁ~.
vaxtang kotetiSvils es nimuSi tipur akvnis simRerad miaCnia da
aRniSnavs, rom `nanas~ sakuTari kilo aqvs da is saqarTvelos mxolod
zogierT kuTxeSi Semonaxulao (iqve, gv. 324).
cxadia, im droisaTvis mklevars ar hqonda xelT AsaTanado masala.
dasaZinebeli nimuSi saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSia SemorCenili da
Semdgomi analizi warmoaCens rogorc TiToeuli dialeqtisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel intonaciur Taviseburebebs, ise tradiciuli poeturi
teqstis tipur da aratipur versiebs.
rac Seexeba mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom samkurnalo `iavnanam~
dakarga Tavisi funqcia da dasaZinebel nimuSad gadaiqca: am Sexedulebas
Semdgom periodSi Salva aslaniSvili, Tamar mamalaZe da fiqria

29
zandukelic afiqsireben. Salva aslaniSvili wers, rom `xalxis cxovrebaSi
simRera maSin icvlis adgils, roca Zveli sazogadoebrivi formaciis
rRveva da axliT Secvla xdeba. magaliTad, sagalobeli-himnebi _ miZRvnili
sinaTlis, sicocxlisa da nayofierebis RvTaeba nanasadmi, istoriulad
akvnis simRerad gadaiqca~ (aslaniSvili, 1954: 215).AT. mamalaZis azriT,
`iavnanas dRes dakarguli aqvs Tavisi pirveladi saweso funqcia...
cxovrebis pirobebis SecvlasTan erTad, Seicvala misi funqciac da
gadaiqca akvnis simRerad~ (mamalaZe, 1968: 81). fiqria zandukeli miiCnevs,
rom `nanasa~ da `iavnanas~ Soris dRes sazRvrebis dadgena gaZnelebulia da
`iavnanas~ ZiriTadi funqcia mxolod bavSvis daZinebiT ganisazRvreba
(zandukeli, 1977: 38).
vfiqrob, XX saukunis II naxevris musikos-folkloristTa mier
moZiebuli saeqspedicio masaliT marTlac naTlad Cans `nanasa~ da
`iavnanas~ daaxloeba (magaliTisaTvis, ix. audiodanarTi #1), Tumca
samkurnalo nimuSis funqciis dakargvis faqti ar dasturdeba. ediSer
garayaniZe qarTlSi 1979-81 ww. Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad miiCnevs, rom
`iavnanas~ gamoyenebam saakvno simRerad sruliadac ar gandevna samkurnalo
nimuSis Sesrulebis tradicia (garayaniZe, e. 1981:13). saxelmwifo
konservatoriis folkloristikis kaTedris wevrTa mier bolo wlebSi
Catarebuli eqspediciebidanac Cans, rom `batonebis~ msaxurebis tradicia,
marTalia, adrindelTan SedarebiT sustad, magram jer isev cocxlobs
yofaSi. 2001-2007 ww.ESekrebili masalis safuZvelze igive azrs gamoTqvams
giorgi garayaniZec (garayaniZe, g. 2008: 158).
Cemi azriT, samkurnalo `iavnana~ ar gadaqceula akvnis `nanad~. maTi
intonaciuri masala imTaviTve msgavsi iyo. G`nana~, rogorc Janri, iseTive
Zveli da arqaulia, rogorc `iavnana~. isic RvTaeba nanasadmi mimarTvas
warmoadgenda, romlis saweso funqcia (nana = RvTaebas) droTa viTarebaSi
utilitarulma funqciam (nana = Zils) Caanacvla. savaraudod, am etapidan
gaCnda nimuSis saxelwodebaSi bavSvis sawoli (`akvnis nana~). samkurnalo
`iavnanasagan~ gansxvavebiT, Zilispiruli nimuSis sicocxlisunarianoba
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra yofaSi misi yoveldRiuri gamoyenebis
faqtma.Mmoxda am ori nimuSis saxelwodebaTa daaxloeba-gaigiveba, poeturi
teqstis calkeuli fragmentebis Serwyma. rac Seexeba musikalur semantikas,

30
is, rogorc vTqvi, imTaviTve msgavsi unda yofiliyo. erTi mxriv, Zilis
mfarveli angelozebis da meore mxriv, avadmyofobis gamomwvevi batonebis
maamebloba, gulis mogeba, datkboba odiTganve orive maTganis semantikis
ganmsazRvrel niSan-Tvisebas warmoadgenda.
viwro gagebiT,Aakvnis `nanas~ Janruli kuTvnileba (bavSvis daZinebisas
Tqma) yvela mecnierisaTvis misaRebia. Salva aslaniSvili mas qarTuli
sasimRero folkloris klasifikaciisas calke Janrad asaxelebs
(aslaniSvili, 1954: 217). Tumca, Cemi gagebiT, `nana~ mis mier imave rigSi
CamoTvlil sakulto-ritualur, anda lirikul JanrSic SeiZleba CavayenoT.
mecnierebi dasaZinebel nimuSs xSirad sxva _ ufro farTo sazRvrebis
mqone sferoebSic aerTianeben. magaliTad, `nanas~ miiCneven xalxuri
Semoqmedebis lirikuli sferos nawilad, sabavSvo folkloris, qalTa
folkloris, sayofacxovrebo folkloris, saweso folkloris nimuSad.
Cemi kvlevis obieqti sxvadasxva parametrebiT marTlac SeiZleba aRniSnuli
jgufebis nawilad miviCnioT. erTaderT gamonakliss Seadgens termini
sayofacxovrebo, romlis gamoyeneba akvnis `nanasTan~, an musikaluri
folkloris nebismier nimuSTan dakavSirebiT, arasworad mimaCnia.
Msazogadod, xalxur sasimRero Semoqmedebas mecnierebi sam ZiriTad
sferod yofen: eposad, lirikad da dramad (Гусев, 1967: 98-168).
sinamdvilisadmi individis (am SemTxvevaSi dedis) subieqturi
damokidebulebis asaxviT, misi grZnobebis, gancdebisa da STabeWdilebebis
gadmocemiT, `nana~ udavod dgas lirikuli intonirebis saTaveebTan.
dasaZinebeli nimuSi dedaTa lirikad miaCnia fiqria zandukels
(zandukeli, 1971), Tamar mesxs (mesxi, 1974).ACemi dakvirvebiT, zogierT
vrcelteqstian `nanaSi~ epikuri reCitaciis niSnebic SeiZleba davinaxoT.
zepirsityvieri folkloris mkvlevarTa Soris kamaTis sagnad qceula
dasaZinebeli nimuSis sabavSvo foklorisadmi kuTvnilebis sakiTxi
(saqarTveloSi sabavSvo folkloris problemebis dasma qsenia sixaruliZis
saxels ukavSirdeba). imis gamo, rom misi Semsruleblebi da Semnaxvelebi
bavSvebic arian, g. vinogradovi SesaZleblad miiCnevs dasaZinebeli
nimuSebis bavSvTa folkloris sazRvrebSi moqcevas.ACemi azriT, rusul
enaSi sabavSvo da bavSvTa folkloris aRniSvnisaTvis erTi terminis _
«детский» arseboba dRemde erTgvar gaurkvevlobas iwvevs da komentaris

31
gareSe gaugebaria, tradiciuli folkloris romel nawilze midis xolme
msjeloba. qarTuli zepirsityvieri folkloris mkvlevarnic sabavSvo
folkloris sazRvrebSi moiazreben: 1)xalxuri Semoqmedebis im nawils,
romelic mozrdilTa mier specialurad bavSvebisaTvisaa Seqmnili,
2)zogaderovnuli folkloris im nawarmoebebs, romelnic Tavdapirveli
mniSvnelobiT sul sxva daniSnulebisani iyvnen, magram droTa mdinarebaSi
sabavSvo repertuarad iqcnen da 3)sakuTriv bavSvTa zepirsityvier
Semoqmedebas (zandukeli, 1995: 20). rusi mecnieris o. kapicas dakvirvebiT,
`dasaZinebeli nimuSis Semsruleblebad an Semnaxvelebad ruseTSi bavSvebi
gvevlinebian, magram nebismieri jgufisadmi mikuTvnebas ar amarTlebs is
garemoeba, vin gvevlineba teqstis Semsruleblad an damcvelad.
mxedvelobaSi misaRebia Sinagani buneba, ZiriTadi socialuri funqcia,
xolo garegani faqtori mxolod damxmare elementis rols asrulebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, akvnis leqs-simRerebi, ganurCevlad imisa, maTSi
uSualod bavSvTa samyaroa mocemuli, Tu dedis ganwyobileba, sabavSvo
folkloris orbitaSi Semodis, mozrdilTa repertuars ekuTvnis~ (citata
fiqria zandukelis dasaxelebuli naSromidan, 1971: 34).
marTalia, CamoTvlil nimuSebs Soris xSirad Znelia mkveTri
sazRvrebis gavleba, mainc umjobesia Janrul sistemaSi gaimijnos sabavSvo
da bavSvTa folklori. sabavSvo folklorisadmi miZRvnili sakiTxebi
specialuri msjelobis sagnad iqca 1996 wels Catarebul respublikur
konferenciaze. qarTveli eTnomusikologebi oTar CijavaZe, manana SilakaZe,
ediSer garayaniZe, qeTevan baiaSvili, natalia zumbaZe da am naSromis
avtori TavianT moxsenebebSi gansxvavebul Tvalsazrisebs gamoTqvamen.
magaliTad, oTar CijavaZe sakuTriv `sabavSvo simReras~ hyofs or dargad:
sabavSvo simRerad da simRerebad bavSvTaTvis, rac, Cemi azriT, arasworia.
nataliaN zumbaZe xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebs ufrosTa da sabavSvo
repertuaris mixedviT ajgufebs. sabavSvoSi im folklorul nimuSebs
aqcevs, romlebic bavSvebis mier sruldeba. imave konferenciaze Cems mier
sabavSvod ganmartebulia bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnili folklori
(sabavSvo. . . 1996).
qarTuli ena saSualebas gvaZlevs zustad avsaxoT definiciaTa arsi.
dasaZinebeli `nana~ bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnili, maSasadame, sabavSvo _ da

32
ara bavSvTa _ folkloris nawilia. sabavSvo folklors SeiZleba
mivakuTvnoT, agreTve, gasaRviZebeli, SesaSinebeli, fexis adgmisas, Wamisas,
Tmis varcxnisas saTqmeli nimuSebi, samkurnaloebi, Selocvebi, zRaprebi,
salalao, TavSesaqcevari teqstebi, leqsebi cxovelTa da frinvelTa
Sesaxeb, e. w. `cocxali tyuili~, xolo bavSvTas _ gaTvla-TamaSobani,
saginglao-gamosajavrebelni, miTvlebi da misT. Aar aris gamoricxuli, rom
sabavSvo folkloris nimuSebi patarebma gaimeoron. isini xom TamaSisas
yvela saojaxo movlenis (saxlis dalageba, daZineba, mkurnaloba,
gaTxoveba, mgzavroba, da a. S.) imitirebas axdenen.
rogorc aRvniSne, zogierTi mkvlevari `nanas~ sayofacxovrebo Janrs
akuTvnebs. saerTod, musikismcodneobaSi sayofacxovrebo musikad
ganmartaven musikas, romelic xalxis yofaSia gavrcelebuli sakoncerto
darbazebis, Teatrebisa da eklesiis gareT. anu, farTo gagebiT, es termini
moicavs xalxur musikalur SemoqmedebasAAmTlianad. filologebi
sayofacxovrebod Tvlian xalxur nawarmoebs, romlis asaxvis obieqti
adamianTa yofa-cxovrebaa. mis Tematikas ganekuTvneba ojaxi, ojaxis wevrTa
urTierToba, stumarmaspinZloba (dadunaSvili, 1997:20). qarTul samusiko
folkloristikaSi sayofacxovrebo JanrSi aerTianeben nimuSebs, romlebsac
aSkarad gamokveTili Janruli niSan-Tvisebebi ara aqvT da yofiT Tematikas
efuZnebian. magaliTad, grigol CxikvaZe am JanrSi `nanebTan~ erTad
warmogvidgens simRerebs: `Sav ludsa, wiTel Rvinosa~, `xuTSabaT
gaTendeba~, `TuSo, nu mixval xoSaras~, `aRzevans waval~, `berikaci~ da sxv.
(CxikvaZe, 1960: 443 ). `nanas~ sayofacxovrebo Janrad moixsenieben dimitri
arayiSvili (arayiSvili, 1925:7 ), nino maisuraZe (maisuraZe, 1971: 47), Tamar
mesxi (mesxi, 1991/92: 15), qeTevan sixaruliZe (sixaruliZe, qeT. 2006: 28).
qarTuli xalxuri poeziis TormettomeulSi (Ciqovani, 1979: VIII)
dasaZinebeli da samkurnalo teqstebi sayofacxovrebo Janris nimuSTa
saxelwodebiTaa gamoqveynebuli, rac, Cemi azriT, aramarTebulia. orive
maTgani tradiciuli saweso (saojaxo-ritualuri) folkloris TvalsaCino
magaliTs warmoadgens. akvnis `nanasa~ da samkurnalo `iavnanas~ Tamar
mesxi qalTa repertuarSi saweso Janris saxeobebad asaxelebs (mesxi, 1962:
72). batonebTan dakavSirebul simRerebs sawesCveulebo folklors
akuTvnebs natalia zumbaZe (Зумбадзе, 1986; zumbaZe, 1994; 2005). vfiqrob,

33
dasaZinebeli nimuSis funqciaSi magiuri da samkurnalo Sreebis gamovlena
poeturi da musikaluri teqstebis kompleqsuri analizis safuZvelze,
ucilobels gaxdis am Janris saweso-ritualuri folklorisadmi
mikuTvnebis faqts (ix. Cemi naSromis II Tavi). oTar CijavaZe sawesCveulebo
Janrs miakuTvnebs mamakacebis mier Sesrulebul Mmravalxmian akvnis
simRerasac (CijavaZe, 1969: 165), romelic CemTvis e.w. `miusadagebeli~
lirikuli sferos simReras warmoadgens.
adiReeli mkvlevari zaur naloevic dasaZinebel nimuSebs (гуще уэрэд)
saojaxo-saweso JanrSi aerTianebs saqorwilo simRerebTan, datirebebTan,
bavSvis fexis adgmisa da daCaCanakebuli moxucebis rwevis simRerebTan
erTad (Налоев, З.1980:7).
rusi mecnierebi aleqsandre gorkovenko da larisa ivleva aRniSnaven,
rom akvnis simRera, rogorc Janri, uwin dakavSirebuli iyo magiasTan,
SelocvasTan (Горьковенко, Ивлева, 1974: 243). misi utilitaruli funqcia
mWidrod ukavSirdeba AesTetikur zemoqmedebasac da, aqedan gamomdinare, ar
gamoricxavs simReris mxatvrul Rirebulebas.
uZvelesi saweso folkloris niSnebs qarTul akvnis simRerebSi
amCnevs qsenia sixaruliZec (sixaruliZe, qs. 1938: 5), Tumca, rogorc
filologi, igi am daskvnamde mxolod poeturi teqstebis analiziT midis.
magaliTad moaqvs guriaSi gagonili da mis mierve Cawerili Semdegi
teqsti:
`ias gikref, vards gikonam, nana, nana, nana, batono.
sasTumalqveS amogideb, nana, nana, nana, geTayva.
Sen Tu tkbil Zils damisruleb, nana, nana, nana, batono,
me tkbil nanas mogaxseneb, nana, nana, nana, geTayva.
Conguro, Cemo Conguro, nana, nana, nana, batono,
gaTlilo wminda xisao, nana, nana, nana, geTayva.
babuaCemis xnisao, nana, nana, nana, batono.
es akvani lebanozi, nana, nana, nana, geTayva,
Siga mwoli angelozi, nana, nana, nana, batono.
es akvani xaraturi, nana, nana, nana, geTayva.
Sig vaJia Caxatuli, nana, nana, nana, batono.
es akvani bJolisao, nana, nana, nana, geTayva,

34
 Siga mwoli brolisao, nana, nana, nana, batono~ (iqve, gv. 32).
vfiqrob, gamoyenebuli refrenebi gvidastureben, rom teqsti
namdvilad dasaZinebeli `nanas~ nimuSia. Tumca masSi SeWrilia samkurnalo
`iavnanas~ (ias gikref, vards gikonam...), agreTve, Zeobis an akvanSi pirvelad
Cawvenis tradiciuli teqstebidan (es akvani lebanozi...) gadmosuli masala.
aratipuria sakravisadmi (Congurisadmi) mimarTvis motivic, magram
asociaciuri kavSiriT igi SeiZleboda gadmohyoloda rogorc samkurnalo
nimuSebis teqstebs (batonebis saameblad sakravze dakvra), ise akvanSi
pirvelad Cawvenis nimuSebSi xis sxvadasxva jiSebisagan gaTlili akvnis
CamonaTvals. am ritualuri ferxulis calfad Sesrulebis faqts
adasturebs natalia zumbaZis mier aWaraSi Cawerili cnoba: `es akvani
xaratuli dedis simReraa, deda etyoda Svils~ (zumbaZe, 2007:303).
qarTuli folkloris leqsikonSi akvnis simReras bavSvis dasaZinebel
leqs-simRerad ganmartaven (zandukeli, 1974: 25). vinaidan es nimuSebi
mxolod intonirebisaTvis aris gankuTvnili da yofaSi saTqmeli leqsis
saxiT faqtobrivad ar arsebobs, vfiqrob, kompozitSi _ `leqs-simRera~
sruliad zedmetia pirveli sityva. filologebs am terminis Seqmna albaT
imisaTvis dasWirdaT, rom xazi gaesvaT teqstis sasimRero bunebisaTvis,
nimuSis sinkretulobisaTvis. cneba `mRera~ ki, Zveli qarTulidan
momdinare, isedac gulisxmobs poeturi da musikaluri, agreTve
moZraobebis, Jestebis, mimikisa da plastikis enaTa erTobliobas. ivane
javaxiSvilma Zvel qarTul werilobiT Zeglebze dayrdnobiT daadgina, rom
uZveles xanaSi `mRera~ da `simRera~ `galobisa~ da `sagaloblis~
sinonimebi ar yofila (javaxiSvili, 1938;45). adre mRera TamaSs niSnavda.
simRera ki is iyo, rac TamaSisa da TamaSobisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili. mixeil
Ciqovani varaudobs, rom sityva `simReras~ musikaluri bgerebis
aRmniSvneli funqcia mas Semdeg daumkvidrda, rac cnebis zogadma terminma
`galobam~ farTo gageba dakarga da saeklesio musikis aRmniSvnel terminad
iqca (Ciqovani, 1975: 97). simReris struqturis Semqmneli elementebis
erTobliobaze migviTiTebs xalxur sityvierebaSi SemorCenili
terminologiac, sadac mTqmelis, meleqses, meSaires, CamomTvlelis, poetis
sinonimebad xSirad ixmareba momRerali, mestvire, meCongure da sxv. amasve
adasturebs saqarTvelos zogierT raionSi (svaneTi, xevsureTi, raWa)

35
leqsis simReriT warmoTqmis dRemde arsebuli tradicia. simReris
elementebs Soris mkveTri sazRvrebi mxolod mas Semdeg gaCnda, rac
samReri leqsebis gverdiT, saTqmeli leqsebic Seiqmna. rogorc aRvniSne,
bavSvis dasaZinebeli `nana~ saTqmeli leqsis saxiT saerTod ar arsebobs
da misi Sinaarsobriv-struqturuli Taviseburebebis Secnoba mxolod
artikulirebis ganuyofel procesze dakvirvebis Sedegad aris
SesaZlebeli. meTodologiurad mniSvnelovan am winapirobas filologebic
karga xania aRiareben, Tumca, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, ver iyeneben.
magaliTad, `mTibluris~ hangis Seswavlis mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebda akaki
SaniZe (SaniZe, 1931: 022). xalxuri leqsisa da simReris urTierTobis
sakiTxebze werda jondo bardaveliZe. mecnieri grZnobs, rom simReridan
xalxuri leqsis amowera da misi izolirebulad ganxilva naZaladev
operacias warmoadgens. igi saubrobs leqsebze, romlebic mxolod
simRerisaTvisaaa gamiznuli da romelTa formirebaSi musikaluri elementi
mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs (bardaveliZe, j. 1979: 126). akvnis nana swored
aseT nimuSTa ricxvs ekuTvnis.A
sadiplomo naSromidan (1983 w.) dawyebulma xangrZlivma dakvirvebam
miCvena, rom ara mxolod `nanas~, aramed qarTuli xalxuri simReris poetur
teqstTa didi nawili aSkarad gansxvavdeba e. w. saTqmeli leqsebisagan.
Aamitom maTi calke amowera, gamRerebuli marcvlebis, Sorisdebuli
CanarTebis, ganmeorebebis, refrenebisa da misamRerebis CamoSorebis gziT
saTqmeli leqsis formaSi xelovnurad moqceva dauSvebelia, rac
samwuxarod, xSirad gvxvdeba sanoto krebulebsa da xalxuri poeziis
gamocemebSi. TiToeul detals gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba rogorc
Sinaarsobrivi, ise struqturuli TvalsazrisiT da maTi ugulebelyofa
arafriT ar SeiZleba. analogiur mosazreba moxeur `fexisasTan~
dakavSirebiT nato zumbaZemac gamoTqva (zumbaZe, 1992/93: 10).
davubrundeT isev `nanas~. filologi anton xinTibiZe nanas funqciaSi
sam mimarTulebas amCnevs (samkurnalos, dasaZinebelsa da salocavebisadmi
mimarTvis), magram igi aigivebs `nanasa~ da samkurnalo sagaloblis
saTaurebs da wers, rom `iavnanas~ zogierT variantSi patriotizmis, bavSvis
davaJkacebisa da gazrda-gaxarebis Tematika iWrebao (iqve, gv. 93). Cemi
dakvirvebiT, es motivebi saerTod araa damaxაsiaTebeli samkurnalo

36
`iavnanasaTvis~ da mxolod dasaZinebeli `nanas~ teqstebSi gvxvdeba.
eTnograf naTela kapanaZesac xalxuri aRzrdis did miRwevad `iavnana~
miaCnia (kapanaZe, 1986:, gv. 31). `iavnanas~ jgufis refrenebis arseboba `nanaSi~
am ori nimuSis saxelwodebaTa aRrevas iwvevs da cxadia, am SemTxvevaSic
avtori `nanas~ gulisxmobs, romelsac `iavnanas~ saxelwodebiT moixseniebs.
XIX-XX ss. ganmanaTleblis, mwerlis _ iakob gogebaSvilis _ cnobil
moTxrobasac xom `iavnanam ra hqmna?~ hqvia. arada, yvelasaTvis cxadia, rom
aq swored dedis mier xSirad namReri da bavSvis mexsierebaSi darCenili
dasaZinebeli `nana~ igulisxmeba (lekebis mier gatacebul da wlebis Semdeg
mSobliur ojaxSi dabrunebul qeTos mxolod dedis mier damRerebuli
hangi gaaxsenebs bavSvobas).
FqarTuli saakvno simRerebis poeturi teqstebis Seswavla
filologiur mecnierebaTa doqtoris fiqria zandukelis damsaxurebaa. Aam
sakiTxs eZRvneba misi sadisertacio naSromis _ `qarTuli sabavSvo
folklori~ _ erTi qveTavi (zandukeli, 1995: 25-46).
M`yrmaTa dasaZinebeli simRerebis~ sityvier teqstebs mkvlevari or
nawilad yofs. pirvelSi gamoxatulia ZiriTadad dedis saerTo gancdebi,
grZnobebi, survilebi da miswrafebebi. meore, ufro mcire nawili,
mozardTa samyaros ukavSirdeba. am ukanasknelTa sayvareli saxeebia
cxovelebi da frinvelebi. fiqria zandukelis azriT, saakvno poeziaSi
xSirad iCens Tavs lirikuli, sayofacxovrebo, satrfialo motivebi.
vfiqrob, Aakvnis `nanas~ sityvieri teqstebis evoluciis TvalsazrisiT
gansakuTrebul interess is Canawerebi iwveven, romlebicMmTlianad, an
ZiriTadad erTi sityvis intonirebaze, zogjer ki mxolod Zilisaken
mowodebazea agebuli. F
fiqria zandukeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs dasaZinebeli nimuSebis
sityvieri teqstebis kompoziciur-struqturul mxareze, mxatvrul
komponentebze. Mmisi dakvirvebiT, gvxvdeba rogorc ortaepiani, ise
oTxtaepiani da ufro didi moculobis leqsebi Camoyalibebuli riTmiT,
gamokveTili refreniT.Nnanas leqsi umTavresad rvamarcvliania.
maRalmxatvruli poeturi xerxebi (Sedareba, epiTeti, gapirovneba,
paralelizmi) Sinaarsobrivad mdidar akvnis simRerebs formis mxrivac
srulqmnils xdis. mecnieri ganixilavs `nanas~ poeturi teqstebis ideur-

37
Tematur da Sinaarsobriv mxares, maT istoriul-SemecnebiT Rirebulebasa
da didaqtikur-esTetikur mniSvnelobas. N`nanas~ mizani bavSvis amaRlebuli,
keTilSobiluri zneobrivi TvisebebiT aRzrdaa (zandukeli, 1977: 34-58).
dasaZinebeli nimuSebis funqciisa da maTi Sesrulebis garemos
SecnobaSi didi daxmareba gamiwia qarTveliEeTnografebis _ sergi
makalaTias, elene maWavarianis, naTela kapanaZis, apolon wulaZis
gamokvlevebma. bavSvis movla-aRzrdasTan dakavSirebul masalasa da maT
mier Cawerili `nanas~ poetur teqstebze naSromis momdevno TavSi
visaubreb.

* * *

rac Seexeba dasaZinebeli nimuSebis musikaluri kanonzomierebebis

kvlevas, am mxriv qarTul musikologiaSi garkveuli nabijebi karga xania
gadadgmulia.
`iavnanas~ hangis rolsa da adgilze msjelobisas, Salva
aslaniSvili dasaZinebel `nanas~ mxolod samkurnalo simReris
transformaciis konteqstSi mimarTavs. arqauli simRerebis rigSi
yovelTvis moixsenieba `iavnana~, magram xSirad ar Cans, am saxelwodebaSi
samkurnalo nimuSi igulisxmeba Tu dasaZinebeli. mag. avtori wers: `iavnana
imRereba gadamdebi avadmyofobis dros avi sulebis _ batonebis gulis
mosagebad~. sxvagan irkveva, rom `Zvel dros igi (iavnana – n. m.) akvnis
simRera ki ar iyo, aramed warmarTul RvTaeba nanasadmi miZRvnili galoba~
(aslaniSvili, 1954: 113). sxva mkvlevrebis msgavsad, Salva aslaniSvilic
miiCnevs, rom `iavnana~ akvnis simRerad gadaiqca~ (iqve, gv. 136). `nanas
sadidebeli simRera-sagalobeli xalxma gamoiyena akvnis nanisaTvis,
dedobis Tvisebis gamomxatveli simRerebisaTvis~ (iqve, gv. 142). an sxvagan:
`saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi RvTaeba nanasadmi miZRvnili melodia gadaiqca
akvnis simRerad~ (iqve, gv. 162). rogorc zemoT aRvniSnavdi, dasaZinebeli
nimuSi iseTive arqauli da Zvelia, rogorc `iavnana~. melodia-formulebiT
azrovneba ki, ganviTarebuli agraruli kulturis mqone sazogadoebis
tradiciul folklorSi tipuri movlenaa (Земцовский, 1972 : 185). Aamitomac,

38
am intonaciuri formuliT gajerebulia qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri
Semoqmedebis sxvadasxva Janri.
vinaidan dasaZinebeli nimuSi muzicirebis erT-erT uZveles formad
iTvleba, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas vaniWeb qarTuli melodiis tipebis
Sesaxeb gamoTqmul mosazrebebs. rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli xalxuri
simReris melodiis analizs Salva aslaniSvili moZraobis mimarTulebis
mixedviT axdens da or saxed ajgufebs a) daRmavali (sworxazovani Tu
zigzaguri) da b) aRmavali. cxadia, mimarTulebasTan erTad garkveul rols
musikaluri gamomsaxvelobis sxva komponentebic asruleben.
daRmavali melodia emociurad daZabul deklamacias, reCitacias
warmoadgens. misi ritmi mTlianad eqvemdebareba sityvieri teqstis ritms.
melodiis es tipi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yvela Janris nimuSSi gvxvdeba
da mas Salva aslaniSvili xalxuri simRerebis melodiis ZiriTad saxed
miiCnevs (iqve, gv. 101).
Mmelodiis meore saxe aRmavali mimarTulebisaa. igi maJoruli an
minoruli mixrilobis kilos terciiT iwyeba, miemarTeba kvintisaken da
Semdeg eSveba primamde. ufro xSirad es intonacia nimuSis dasawyisSia
mocemuli. axasiaTebs samwiladi zoma, rbili sinkopa, kvintis diapazoni,
mdore, unaxtomo svlebi (iqve, gv. 111). daRmavali melodiisagan gansxvavebiT,
igi mReradia, aqvs mkveTrad Camoyalibebuli Caketili forma. swored
melodiis am saxes miiCnevs mkvlevari `iavnanas~ formulad, magram ra unda
vuwodoT zogierTi samkurnalo `iavnanas~ da RvTis karze saTqmeli
`iavnanas~ magaliTebSi gamoyenebul melodiis daRmaval tips? SeiZleba Tu
ara, rom `iavnana~ ar efuZnebodes `iavnanas~ aRmaval intonaciur
formulas? Cemi azriT, `iavnanas~ formulaSi gadamwyveti ar unda iyos
melodiis mimarTuleba. vfiqrob, ufro mniSvnelovani elementi
samwiladoba da rbili sinkopaa.
ASalva aslaniSvilis mier daxasiaTebul melodiis am or tips
SemdgomSi evsevi WoxoneliZem kidev erTi _ e. w. `Selocvis intonaciuri
tipi~ daumata, romlisTvisac erT simaRleze intonireba, erTi `tonaluri
donis~ SenarCunebaa damaxasiaTebeli. `nanaSi~, rogorc intonirebis erT-
erT adreul formaSi sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba erT bgeraze warTqma, an
patara diapazonis sekundur SeuRlebaSi myofi tonebiT erT simaRleze

39
triali. sagulisxmoa, rom kilos formirebis procesi aq ZiriTadad
`iavnanas~ formulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel metrul da ritmul struqturaze
xorcieldeba (WoxoneliZe, 1983: 8-9).
N xevsuruli sadiaco simRerebis damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebad
Salva aslaniSvils miaCnia sacekvao ritmi samwiladobiTa da rbili
sinkopiT. misi dakvirvebiT, xevsuruli `nanas~ samwiladobas saqarTvelos
sxva raionebis `nanebisagan~ gansxvavebiT, yovelTvis sacekvao xasiaTi aqvs
(aslaniSvili, 1956:31). SesaZloa, aman ganapiroba qarTuli folkloris didi
moamagisa da SesaniSnavi mcodnis Salva mSveliZis mier operaSi `ambavi
tarielisa~ xevsuruli nanas gardasaxva sxva Janrul kategoriaSi _ aq
igi safuZvlad daedo qalTa cekvas operis II moqmedebaSi (TinaTinis mefed
kurTxevis scena). ganixilavs ra Salva mSveliZis mier Cawerili xevsuruli
`nanebis~ struqturas, Salva aslaniSvili maTSi amCnevs kiTxva-pasuxis
intonaciur mimoqcevebs, rvamarcvliani leqsis TiToeuli marcvlis
Sesabamisobas erT, an or musikalur bgerasTan. mniSvnelovania avtoris
mier dafiqsirebuli SeniSvna, romelic `nanas~ Caweris sirTules
ukavSirdeba (iqve, gv.: 32). Camweri aparati, Soridan mosuli ucxo
qalaqelebi, gansakuTrebul viTarebaSi Cawera yovelTvis iwvevs qalis
fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis Secvlas, mRelvarebas da bavSvTan
intonaciuri urTierTobis imitacia, erTgvari pirobiToba, garkveulwilad
dasaZinebeli nimuSis teqstze, mis struqturazec aisaxeba xolme.
tradiciul da aratradiciul garemoSi Cawerili simRerebis
TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb wers nato zumbazec (zumbaZe, 1990/91:24).
grigol CxikvaZe qarTveli xalxis uZveles samusiko kulturaze
msjelobisas warmogvidgens nimuSebs, ,,romelTa ara marto poeturi teqsti,
aramed intonaciuri elementebic momdinareoben saukuneTa siRrmidan da
asaxaven warmarTul kulturas~. maT ricxvSi moixseniebs `didebas~,
`lazares~, `lomisas~, `mze Sina da mze gareTas~, samkurnalo `iavnanas~,
`sabodiSos~, `zars~, `xelxvavs~, `nadurs~, `ferxisas~ da a. S. (CxikvaZe, 1948:
13-14). vfiqrob, am CamonaTvals aSkarad aklia dasaZinebeli `nana~, romlis
arqaulobas naSromis II da III TavSi davasabuTeb.
akvnis nanebze igive avtori xevsuruli dialeqtis ganxilvisas
saubrobs da miiCnevs, rom mamakacTa simRerebisagan gansxvavebiT, es

40
 nimuSebi metad faqizi da mReradia. maTi melodika emyareba erTi ZiriTadi
_ or taqtiani hangis mravaljer ganmeorebas an varirebas. 6/8 zomaSi maTi
Sesruldeba mkvlevars sagulisxmo faqtad miaCnia (CxikvaZe, 1960: XVI).
akvnis simRerebis Sekrebisa da maTi musikaluri kanonzomierebebis
Seswavlis saqmeSi fasdaudebelia mindia Jordanias Rvawli. sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi mowyobili eqspediciebis Sedegad mis mier mopovebulia nanas 120-
mde nimuSi. amasTan, zogierTi maTgani bavSvis daZinebis situaciis
xelovnurad SeqmniT aris Cawerili da qarTuli folkloristikis did
monapovrad iTvleba.Mmindia Jordaniam sagangebo naSromi miuZRvna
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiani regionis _ xevsureTis `nanas~ (Jordania, m.
1975).
xazs usvams ra simReris istoriuli ganviTarebis procesSi
socialuri funqciis gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas, mecnieri SeniSnavs, rom
`nana yvela qalis repertuarSi Sedis da mis Sesrulebas ase Tu ise
sistematuri xasiaTi aqvs. . . bavSvobidan esmis, Semdeg ki TviTon umReris
Svilebs, SviliSvilebs. amis gamo nanas droTa ganmavlobaSi unda mieRo
daxvewili forma. . . nana, iseve rogorc urmuli erT konkretul simReras
ki ar warmoadgens, aramed TavisTavad simReris kategoriaa. ramdeni kacic
mReris, imdeni urmulia da ramdeni qalic _ imdeni nana. orive melodia
RiRinia, Taviseburi gamoxatvaa Semsruleblis Sinagani musikaluri
bunebisa. . . nana unda iyos nazi, mReradi, mokle diapazonisa (registrulma
siZneleebma ar unda gamoiwvios xmovanebis daZabva~ (iqve, gv. 2-3).
13 nimuSis (aqedan 5 Salva mSveliZis mieraa dafiqsirebuli, TiTo
grigol CxikvaZisa da Salva aslaniSvilis mopovebulia, 6 ki _ Tavad mindia
Jordanias mieraa Cawerili TianeTisa da yazbegis raionis soflebSi)
detaluri Teoriuli analizis safuZvelze mindia Jordania daaskvnis, rom
`nana~ xevsurul musikaSi yvelaze ganviTarebuli da mxatvruli
RirebulebebiT gamorCeuli simReraa. misi mReradi melodia intonaciurad
gamokveTili, ritmulad da struqturulad Camoyalibebuli, erTi an ori
intonaciuri talRis Semcvelia. melodiis talRiseburi xazi mkvlevars
nanas struqturis ganmsazRvrel faqtorad miaCnia (gv. 28).
mindia Jordanias dakvirvebiT, xevsurul nanebSi gvxvdeba kvartisa
da kvintis diapazonis mqone anhemitonuri (unaxevartono) kiloebi. gvxvdeba

41
agreTve hemitonuri (naxevari tonis Semcveli) arasruli kiloebi kvartis,
kvintisa da seqstis diapazonSi, romlebsac mkvlevari musikaluri
azrovnebis adreul safexurebs akuTvnebs. mniSvnelovania mecnieris
dakvirveba frazis damabolovebel terciul svlebze, romlebic, misi
azriT, uZvelesi sakadanso saqcevis gaqvavebul formas warmoadgenen (iqve,
gv. 34).
avtoris yuradReba gamaxvilebulia melodiis formaze, mis kavSirze
sacekvao-saferxulo nimuSebis struqturasTan, rac nanas ritmis mTavar
maorganizebel faqtorSi _ rbili sinkopiT xazgasmul samwiladobaSi
vlindeba. Nnanas intonaciuri analizis paralelurad, mindia Jordania
sagulisxmo mosazrebebs gamoTqvams sityvieri teqstis Sinaarsisa da hangTan
misi kompoziciur-struqturuli mimarTebis Sesaxeb. avtori erTxmian
nimuSebSi (nana, lazare) orxmianobis niSnebis arsebobaze miuTiTebs (iqve, gv.
38).
mkvlevari savsebiT samarTlianad miiCnevs, rom qarTuli musikaluri
azrovnebis saTaveebisa da misi ganviTarebis etapebis dadgenisaTvis am
Janrs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.
Eevsevi WoxoneliZemAyuradReba miaqcia bavSvis daZinebisas yvela
qalis repertuarSi arsebul SeZaxilis intonacias (WoxoneliZe, 1983: 9-10).
misi azriT, msgavs intonaciur svlebSi Zneldeba myari bgeriTi
simaRleebis gamovlena. rac ufro xSirad ganmeordebian isini, miT ufro
meti potenciuri SesaZlebloba Cndeba erT-erTi tonis simyaris SegrZnebisa.
avtori miiCnevs, rom msgavsi tipis sametyvelo intonaciebSi myari tonuri
simaRleebis warmoqmnas xeli Seuwyo sametyvelo marcvlis JReradobis
gaxangrZlivebam, xolo warmoqmnili bgeris simaRlis ganmtkicebas ki _
mravaljeradma ganmeorebam. `narCeni STabeWdilebis~ gamo, xdeboda misi
intonaciuri dazusteba, intonirebis procesis daxvewa. myari tonuri
simaRlis gaCena mkvlevars Tvisebrivad axal movlenad miaCnia. musikaluri
intonaciis warmoqmnis did istoriul gzaze gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
eniWeba sxva, axali tonuri simaRleebis Casaxvas. `garkveul TanafardobaSi
myofi Tundac ori bgeris SeuRleba safuZvels uyris musikaluri
intonaciisa da kilos cnebebs~ (iqve).

42
 intonacia musikis saTavea, misi arsia. musika intonirebuli azris
xelovnebaa. intonaciisa da intonirebis procesis gareSe musika ar
arsebobs (Асафьев, 1971). Tavisi istoriuli warmomavlobiT sametyvelo da
musikaluri intonacia mWidrod ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs. maT saerTo
obieqturi winamZRvari aqvT _ xmis saSualebiT adamianis emociuri
mdgomareobis gamoxatva (Мазель, Цуккерман, 1967:19). sametyvelo da
musikaluri intonaciis Tavdapirveli siaxlovis niSnebi dResac SeimCneva
kuTxur (gansakuTrebiT mTis dialeqtebis) metyvelebaSi. sametyvelo da
musikaluri intonacia `erTi bgeriTi nakadis Senakadebs warmoadgenen~
(Асафьев, 1965). meTodologiurad gaumarTlebelia, rom musikaluri
intonacia maincdamainc sametyvelo intonaciis transformirebul saxed
miviCnioT. metyvelebis Taviseburebani yovelTvis ver axdenen zegavlenas
xalxuri simReris melodiaze. sawinaaRmdego movlenac sakmaod xSiria da
igi sagangebo dakvirvebas moiTxovs.
dasaZinebeli `nanas~ intonaciuri analizi adasturebs, rom xSir
SemTxvevaSi aq saqme swored kilos Camoyalibebisa da evoluciis adreul
etapebTan gvaqvs.
radganac `nana~ qarTvel qalTa tradiciuli repertuaris erT-erTi
Semadgeneli nawilia, cxadia, yuradReba SevaCere im naSromebze, romlebSic
zogadad qalTa musikaluri folklorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-
Tvisebebi aris ganxiluli. MmxedvelobaSi maqvs Tamar mesxisa da
Nnatalia zumbaZis gamokvlevebi.
Tamar mesxi amCnevs qalTa simRerebis ganasxvavebas mamakacTa
simRerebisagan. Tumca aRniSnavs, rom `es gamijvna ar gulisxmobs Zireul
gansxvavebas am or SemoqmedebiT ganStoebas Soris~ (mesxi, 1970/71: 4). orives
gaaCnia saerTo intonaciuri safuZveli. TviTmyofadi qarTuli
SemoqmedebiTi stilis originaloba da mxatvruli principebis Tavisebureba
orive maTganisaTvis Tanabrad damaxasiaTebelia.
qalTa simRerebSi melodiuri, mReradi sawyisi batonobs. maTi
sasimRero memkvidreoba ar xasiaTdeba Janrul kategoriaTa siuxviTa da
mravalgvarobiT. qalebi saweso, saferxulo da lirikul-satrfialo
simRerebiT ifarglebian. mecnieri saakvno simReras sayofacxovrebo JanrSi
moiazrebs (iqve: 6). Tumca ufro adrindel 1962 wlis Jurnal `sabWoTa

43
xelovnebis~ # 6-Si (gv. 73) gamoqveynebul naSromSi saakvno simRera saweso
Janris pirvel saxeobada aqvs moxseniebuli.
Tamar Mmesxis samarTliani dakvirvebiT, saqarTveloSi lirikul
simReraTa grandiozuli wre, Tavis mxriv, aerTianebs sxvadasxva kuTxis,
Janrisa da funqciis simRerebs, stiliTa da ganwyobilebiT gansxvavebul
nimuSebs. amitom lirikuli sawyisis dakavSireba martooden satrfialo
motivTan calmxrivi da arasworia (mesxi, 1974: 2). sxva mecnierTa msgavsad,
dedis siTboTi da siyvaruliT gamsWvalul bavSvis dasaZinebel `nanas~
Tamar mesxic lirikuli intonirebis sferoSi aerTianebs.
Salva mSveliZisa da dimitri arayiSvilis mier Cawerili `nanebis~,
agreTve saweso-samkurnalo ˛`iavnanasa~ da saZeobo-saferxulo `mze Sinas~
analizis Semdeg Tamar mesxis daskvnebi zogadad qalTa sasimRero
Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb aseTia: qalTa vokaluri Semoqmedeba moicavs erT, or
da samxmian simRerebs. mravalxmianoba homofoniur-harmoniuli wyobisaa.
ucxoa metruli Tavisufleba. gvxvdeba xmier-sakravieri Sesruleba,
martivi struqturebi. musikaluri ena, kilo, kadansi, akordika saerTo
erovnuli niSnebis matarebelia (mesxi, 1970/71: 40-41).
1991/92 ww. naSromSi Tamar mesxis mier qalTa solo simRerebis
monodiuri erTxmianobis nimuSebad moxseniebas (gv. 7)Aar eTanxmeba natalia
zumbaZe (zumbaZe, 1989/90: 23-24). cxadia, qarTuli folklorisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli umTavresi niSan-Tviseba _ mravalxmiani azrovneba _
simReris socialuri funqciiT gamowveuli erTxmianobis farglebSic
vlindeba. qarTul akvnis nanebsa da sxva erTxmian nimuSebSi am principis
arsebobas mindia Jordanias Semdeg mec aRvniSnavdi naSromSi
`Многоголосные колыбельные песни~ (1986w.). 1986 wlidan qarTvel qalTa
sasimRero SemoqmedebaSi mravalxmianobis kanonzomierebebze, maT Soris,
erTxmian simRerebSi mravalxmianobis niSnebis arsebobaze araerT naSromSi
msjelobs natalia zumbaZe (zumbaZe, 1986, 1994, 2000, 2005, 2007, 2008). mis
gamokvlevebSi, marTalia, ar aris ganxiluli qalTaAtradiciuli
folkloris CemTvis saintereso Janri, magram savedreblebisa da
sadideblebis, Bbatonebisa da Zeobis simRerebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli
avtoriseuli mosazrebani mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia.

44
 AaRmosavleT saqarTvelos vokaluri musikaluri kulturis
sakiTxebze msjelobisas akvnis simRerebs nino maisuraZec ganixilavs.
arkvevs ra aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTisa da baris musikalur kulturaTa
urTierTobis sakiTxs, avtori xevsurul akvnis nanebs qarTl-kaxur saweso
sagalobels _ `iavnanas~ adarebs da akeTebs sayuradRebo daskvnas:
`miuxedavad imisa, rom xevsureTSi ar arsebobs saxadis `iavnana~ da
avadmyofTan mxolod fandurze ukraven, zogierT akvnis `nanaSi~ aSkaraa
iavnanas melodia-formulasTan kavSiri~ (maisuraZe, 1971: 145-156).
naSromSi `qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi istoriul-
eTnografiuli aspeqtebi~ nino maisuraZe wers, rom: `sayuradRebo masalas
vflobT akvnis nanebis saxiT. masala naTlad avlens genetikur kavSirs
samgloviaro, saferxulo da nawilobriv istoriul-sagmiro simRerebis im
nimuSebTan, romlebic qarTuli xalxuri musikis ganviTarebis uZveles
etapebs asaxaven~. avtoris azriT, ganviTarebis momdevno safexurebze
saferxulo da sayofacxovrebo simRerebi intonaciur gavlenas axdenen
akvnis nanebze (maisuraZe, 1989: 11). Mmusikalur monacemebze dayrdnobiT, igi
`iavnanas~ sagalobels astraluri kultebis arsebobis xanas, poliTeizmis
im safexurs akuTvnebs, rodesac qarTveli xalxis religiis istoriaSi
mcenareulisa da mzis Tayvaniscemis safuZvelze aRmocenebuli didi dedis,
RvTaebrivi dedis kulti uaRresad ganviTarebuli iyo (iqve, gv. 39).
radganac `nana~ iseTive arqauli da Zvelia, rogorc `iavnana~, misi
warmoSobac amave epoqiT unda davaTariRoT.
wignSi «Древнейшие этапы развития грузинской народной музыки» nino
maisuraZe msjelobs TuSuri `nanebis~ melodikis Taviseburebebze, maT
kavSirze amave dialeqtis saweso da sayofacxovrebo nimuSebTan. adarebs ra
xevsuruli, TuSuri, gudamayruli, mTiuluri `nanas~ variantebs, igi maTSi
xedavs saerTo safuZvels _ kvartul motivs, variaciuli ganviTarebis
principebs (Майсурадзе, 1990: 43-47). samwuxarod, avtoris sanoto magaliTebi
sityvieri teqstis gareSea mocemuli. maT arc saTanado sapasporto
monacemebi axlavs da amdenad, masala ver gviqmnis srulyofil warmodgenas
am kuTxeTa dasaZinebeli Janris nimuSebze.

45
 ediSer garayaniZe qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebis kvlevisas sagangebo yuradRebas aqcevs
qalTa tradiciuli folkloris Janrebs, maT Soris `nanasac~.
grigol CxikvaZis, Salva aslaniSvilis, mindia Jordanias, Tamar
mesxis msgavsad, xevsuruli dialeqtis erT-erT Taviseburebad ediSer
garayaniZe qalTa da mamakacTa simRerebs Soris arsebul mniSvnelovan
gansxvavebas miiCnevs. `es sxvaoba vlindeba rogorc intonirebis xarisxSi
(qalebTan naklebad vxvdebiT gaurkveveli simaRlis bgerebs, Sesrulebis
manerac ufro zomieria), aseve melodiis aRnagobaSic: Tu tirili imeorebs
mamakacTa didi diapazonis, daRmaval-dacurebiTi hangis niSnebs (mwvervali-
wyaro, daRmavali tipis melodia, orientacia terciuli rigisa da kvartul
sayrden bgerebze) _ sul sxva bunebisaa akvnis nana, romlis bgeraTrigi
xSirad ori, sami, an oTxi bgerisagan Sedgeba~. . . ufro didi diapazonis
nanebi ki ara marto intonaciurad gansxvavdebian mamakacTa simRerebisagan,
aramed mniSvnelovnad aRematebian maT mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT (garayaniZe,
ed. 1990: 25).
Mmecnieris azriT, fSavSic sagrZnobi sxvaobaa mamakacTa da qalTa
repertuars Soris. fSauri `nanasaTvis~ umetesad regularulad
aqcentirebuli metr-ritmia damaxasiaTebeli (iqve, gv. 33).
ediSer garayaniZes miaCnia, rom `nanas~ ZiriTadi adgili uWiravs
moxeve qalTa repertuarSic. misi erTi nawili mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba
xevsuruli da nawilobriv fSauri variantebisagan metruli da ritmuli
TavisuflebiT, sityvieri sawyisis mniSvnelovani roliT, meore ki
xevsurulis tipisaa _ mkafio samwiladobiT, rbili sinkopebiT. aq gvxvdeba
umartives orbgerian hangebze agebuli nimuSebi, romlebic xevsurul
`nanas~ hgavs (iqve, 50).
Mmkvlevari mTiul da gudamayrel qalTa repertuarSi asaxelebs
tirilebs da nanebs. mTiuleTSi akvnis nana samwiladobiTa da melodiiT
uaxlovdeba xevsurul da fSaur nanebs (dasax. naSromi, mag. 101), Tumca aris
nanebi, romlebsac samwiladoba ar axasiaTebs, riTac isini baris nanebTan
dgnan axlos (iqve, gv. 60). gudamayrul `nanaSi~, fSaurisa da
xevsurulisagan gansxvavebiT, Warbobs regularulad aqcentirebul
metrikas moklebuli nimuSebi. ediSer garayaniZe daaskvnis, romE

46
regularulad aqcentirebuli metrika ufro arqauli Sreebis nanebs
axasiaTebs (iqve, gv. 65).
ediSer garayaniZis azriT, improvizacia did rols TamaSobs
SedarebiT martiv sasimRero nimuSebSi, sadac swored misi meSveobiT
xorcieldeba musikaluri qsovilis `mSenebloba~. `qarTvelTa uZvelesi
musikaluri azrovnebis Camoyalibeba mimdinareobda erTi mxriv, daRmaval-
dacurebiT, metr-ritmulad araorganizebul melodiebSi kilouri
sayrdenebis gaCeniT, xolo meore mxriv, mcire diapazonian (umravles
SemTxvevaSi sekundis diapazonian) simRerebSi axali melodiuri bgerebis
aTvisebiT~ (garayaniZe, ed. 1988: 63). sekundis diapazonian melodiebs
vxvdebiT zogierT `nanaSi~, agreTve bavSvTa folklorSi. axali
safexurebis aTviseba Semsruleblis gamomgoneblobisaken ltolviT, raRac
axlis Seqmnis surviliT, maSasadame, improvizaciis moTxovnilebiT unda
aixsnas. rodesac cnobierebaSi sabolood dafiqsirda sekundur
damokidebulebaSi myofi ori bgeris simyare, maTi sruluflebianoba, roca
ori myari bgeruli simaRlis aTviseba ukve ganvlil etapad iqca, adamianis
fantazia Tavis Zalisxmevas axali bgeruli simaRleebisaken mimarTavs da
saboloo jamSi, aRwevs kidec mizans~ (iqve). ama Tu im Semsruleblis mier
gamovlenili iniciativis, napovni axali bgeruli simaRleebis musikalur
praqtikaSi damkvidrebas ki sakmaod didi dro, SesaZloa mTeli epoqa
dasWireboda.
ioseb Jordanias azriT, akvnis simRera, rogorc musikaluri forma,
xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis ganviTarebis `simReramdel~ (izali
zemcovskis termini) stadias ganekuTvneba. zogjer mas garkveuli
daboloebac ki ar gaaCnia, radgan misi Sesrulebis forma da xangrZlivoba
mTlianad dakavSirebulia socialur funqciasTan _ bavSvis daZinebasTan.
akvnis simRera, rogorc wesi, martivi melodia-formulaa, romelic
mravalgzis meordeba. misi safuZvelia patara diapazonis (sekundidan
kvintamde, iSviaTad ufro farTo) melodiuri saqcevi. svanur akvnis
simRerebSi kilouri safuZvelia Zalze iSviaTi lidiuri kilos
pentaqordi. avtori akvnis simReras uwodebs, im nimuSebsac, romlebsac
bavSvebs gamoRviZebisas umRerian. aseTi nimuSi ingilour musikalur
folklorSi swored misi moZiebulia (1987). momdevno periodSi qeTevan

47
baiaSvilis saeqspedicio–SemkreblobiTma saqmianobam `gasaRviZeblebi~
TianeTis regionis sasimRero SemoqmedebaSic gamoavlina.
ioseb JordaniasTvis, Mrogorc msoflio mravalxmianobis kerebis
problemaze momuSave mecnierisaTvis, mniSvnelovania, rom mravalxmian
akvnis simRerebs saqarTvelos garda zogierTi sxva xalxis musikalur
SemoqmedebaSic vxvdebiT (CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, centralur afrikaSi)
(Jordania, i. 1997: 81).
Fxalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis kvlevis meTodologiis
TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovania zinaida evaldis statia
«Социальное переосмысление жнивных песен белорусского полесья». Eevaldma pirvelma
dasva xalxuri simReris musikaluri teqstis analizis meTodis sakiTxi. man
SemoqmedebiTad ganaviTara asafievis intonaciuri Teoria da axleburad
ganixila musikis gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi (Эвальд, 1934: 19). Mmkvlevris
azriT, maTi SerCeva folklorSi simReris daniSnulebidan, cxovrebiseuli
funqciidan momdinareobs, e. i. intonacia socialurad aris ganpirobebuli.
Eemyareboda ra asafievis ideas `epoqis intonaciuri maragis~, `intonaciuri
leqsikonis~ Sesaxeb, evaldma belorusuli folkloris iseT uZveles
nimuSebSi, rogoric kalendaruli ciklis simRerebia, aRmoaCina magiuri
funqciis mqone intonaciuri kompleqsebi, e. w. `melodia-formulebi~,
romlebic gazafxulis gamoZaxebisaTvis gamoiyeneba. Mmsgavsi formulebi man
ipova agraruli ciklis simRerebSi da gviCvena am melodia-formulis
transformaciis gza.
avTentikuri folkloris iseT Janrze msjelobisaTvis, rogoric
bavSvis dasaZinebeli `nanaa~, uaRresad mniSvnelovania sworad SerCeuli
terminologiuri aparati. am TvalsazrisiT CemTvis misaRebi aRmoCnda
izali zemcovskis mier SemoTavazebuli terminebi _ muzicireba, intonireba
da artikulireba (Земцовский, 1991: 153).
muzicirebaSi igulisxmeba socialur-yofiTi konteqsti, Janri,
saSemsruleblo qcevisa da urTierTobebis xasiaTi. Ee. i. musikaluri
JReradobis yvela faqtori da garegnuli atributi, `musikis aRmoCenis~
socio-fsiqologiuri garemoeba, romelic gansazRvravs mis aRqmas.

48
 intonireba moicavs muzicirebis semantikur mxares. am cnebiT
aRiniSneba musikaluri azrovnebis, cocxali formaqmnadobis procesis
Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva.
artikulireba ki gulisxmobs musikaluri Sinaarsis qceviT-
warmoTqmiT movlenebs, bgeraTsimaRlebriv, temp-ritmul, tembrul-
registrul doneebs. igi mocemuli muzicirebis farglebSi intonirebis
realizacias warmoadgens. intonacia, rogorc obieqti, Tavis Tavs
artikulirebaSi avlens.
iseve, rogorc folkloris yvela movlena, artikulaciac
polifunqciuria. igi SeiZleba iyos lokaluri stilis, dialeqtis, Janris
niSani. `artikulacia, rogorc kulturis niSani, eTnoforis xelweras
warmoadgens~ (iqve, 157). `artikulaciis tipi damokidebulia muzicirebis
tipze~ (iqve, 166). artikulirebis tipi konservatulobiT xasiaTdeba. ar
unda vifiqroT, rom romelime lokalur stils artikulirebis erTi
romelime tipi axasiaTebdes. yvela tradiciaSi aris artikulirebadi
tipebis sistema (iqve, 175). `saSemsruleblo manera dakavSirebulia
artikulirebasTan (iqve, 169). folklorul artikulacias mecnieri sam
tipad ajgufebs _ saweso, lirikul da epikur tipebad. Tu tradiciaSi
arsebobs samive Janruli sferos nimuSebi, maSin isini artikulaciuradac
dayofilni arian.
pirveladi _ folkloruli da meoradi _ folklorizmis cnebebidan
gamomdinare, Aavtors Semoaqvs pirveladi da meoradi artikulaciis cnebebi.
Aartikulaciuri fondis Seswavlas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs ara marto
mecnierebisaTvis, aramed tradiciuli kulturisaTvis (iqve, 182).
dasaZinebeli nimuSebisa da mravalxmiani lirikuli `akvnis
simRerebis~ melodiis tipebis, kilouri safuZvlebis, metrul-ritmuli
mxareebis, arqiteqtonuli wyobisa da faqturuli Taviseburebebis,
akorduli struqturebis, mravalxmianobis kompoziciuri principebis
kvlevisas vemyarebi qarTul musikismcodneobaSi damkvidrebul terminebsa
da midgomebs.
garkveuli winaaRmdegobebi Seiqmna erTxmiani dasaZinebeli nimuSebis
kilouri wyobis analizisas. qarTveli folkloristebi ukanasknel wlebSi
bgeraTrigis aRniSvnisas veridebiT kiloebis ZvelberZnuli saxelwodebebis

49
xmarebas da mec sakmaod didxans veZebdi terminebsa da cnebebs, romlebsac
analizisas daveyrdnobodi. dimitri arayiSvilis, mindia Jordanias, evsevi
WoxoneliZis _ naSromebSi bgeraTsimaRlebrivi konturis, mixrilobisa da
kilos diapazonis aRniSvnisaTvis gamoyenebuli cnebebi _ maJoruli an
minoruli mixrilobis terciuli triqordi, kvartuli triqordi, kvartuli
tetraqordi, kvinturi pentaqordi da a. S. _ vfiqrob, kargad moergo Cems
saanalizo erTxmian masalas. rusuli kalendaruli simRerebis musikalur
leqsikaze msjelobisas am cnebebiT izali zemcovskic apelirebs
(Земцовский, 1965:103-107). sxvaTa Soris, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis
folkloris, kerZod fSauri folkloris ganxilvisas mizanSeuwonlad
miviCnie Salva mSveliZis mier SemoRebuli terminis `fSauri kilos~
xmareba, radgan fSauri `nanas~ nimuSebis ganxilvisas e. w. `fSauri kilo~
(frigiuli mixrilobis kilo maRali III da VI safexurebiT) ar Segvxvedria.
A SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom bavSvis dasaZinebeli nimuSi erTgvari
universaliaa. misi genetikuri bunebis Sesaxeb idea gamoTqmulia
makdermotisa da hauzeris mier (Jordania, i. 2008). sxvadasxva eTnosSi misi
arsebobis safuZveli da ganviTarebis gza msgavsia. amitom SedarebisaTvis
gavecani sxva xalxTa dasaZinebeli nimuSebis sanoto da fonomagaliTebs,
maT Sesaxeb arsebul naSromebs. pirvel rigSi, aRvniSnav taira qerimovas
sadisertacio naSromis _ «Азербайджанские колыбельные и детские песни: Опыт
этномузыведческого анализа» avtoreferats.Amecnieris dakvirvebiT, intimuri
muzicirebisaTvis (msmenelis, auditoriis gareSe) gankuTvnil akvnis
simRerebis struqturaSi airekleba lokaluri musikaluri azrovnebis
Zireuli kanonzomierebani. dasaZinebeli hangis yoveli axali aJRereba
gviCvenebs folkloruli mexsierebis unikalur meqanizms: Tanamedrove
sazogadoebis musikaluri gemovnebis normebTan erTad azerbaijanuli
dasaZinebeli simRera inaxavs ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel niSnebs (Керимова, 1986: 5).
uaRresad sainteresoa avtoris mier eTnomusikologiaSi wamoWrili
sakiTxi akvnis, sabavSvo da bavSvTa simRerebis aRqmis eTnofsiqologiuri
aspeqtebis Sesaxeb. `akvnis simRera gadamwyvet rols asrulebs bavSvis
smeniTi gamocdilebis aRzrdaSi. mosmenis aqti ukvalod ar qreba da
bavSvis Semecnebis `ekranze~ aRibeWdeba. akvnis simRerebiA umuSaveben bavSvs

50
emociur da esTetikur modusebs, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, gansazRvraven
musikis aRqmis arCeviTobas, musikalur `kods~ emociad gardaqmnian~ (iqve,
gv. 17).
naSromSi Tanmimdevruladaa naCvenebi Janris evoluciis sqema:
polisemanturi Selocvis tipis `oxSamas~ gadaazreba akvnis hangad da
Semdeg akvnis simRerad.
tradiciuli aRzrdis sistemis umniSvnelovanesi komunikaciuri
elementi _ dasaZinebeli simRera icvlis funqcias, magiur daniSnulebas
anacvlebs utilitaruli. gvian SuasaukuneebSi dawyebuli xalxuri
sasimRero Semoqmedebis lirizaciisa da fsiqologizaciis procesi,
emociaTa speqtris gafarToeba iwvevs sabavSvo folkloris JanrTa
saxecvlas, maTSi axali Sinaarsis Setanas da axali struqturebis gaCenas
(iqve, gv. 9-10). akvnis simRera qalis meditaciur monologad iqceva,
romelSic azerbaijanuli muRamisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ambitusi, kilouri
mravalferovneba, ornamentika, Tavisufali, improvizaciuli
saSemsruleblo manera iCens Tavs.
struqturul-tipologiuri analizisa da kartografirebis
safuZvelze mkvlevari gansxvavebuli stilis akvnis simRerebs regionebis
mixedviT anawilebs, aRniSnavs maT garkveul damokidebulebas ama Tu im
kuTxis `Janrul-stilur dominantze~. magaliTad, qalaqebis _ naxCevanis,
SuSis, lenqoranis farglebSi batonobs muRamis tipis akvnis simRera;
kirovabadsa da SemaxSi gvxvdeba tesnifisa da rangis tipis nimuSebi;
lenqoranis zonasa da naxiCevanis assr soflebSi gabatonebulia
tradiciuli datirebis tipis mqone dasaZineblebi; sasimRero wyobis
Zilispirulebs mRerian Sirvanis zonasa, zaqaTala-kaxis raionebSi (iqve, gv.:
12). ukanaskneli CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, radgan es teritoria
istoriuli saqarTvelos nawils warmoadgens da dReisaTvis kaxis raionSi
Cawerili ingilouri `nanas~ mxolod ori sanoto da ramdenime poeturi
teqsti mogvepoveba. samwuxarod, disertaciis sruli teqsti xelT ara
gvaqvs da sanoto magaliTebis gacnobis SesaZleblobas moklebuli varT.
qarTuli samecniero literaturis Seswavlam cxadyo, rom akvnis
`nana~ ar aris safuZvlianad gamokvleuli. samusikismcodneo literaturaSi
ZiriTadad ganxilulia `nanas~ xevsuruli variantebi.

51
 am nimuSis warmoSobas mkvlevrebi ukavSireben qal-RvTaeba nanas,
warmarTuli epoqis folkloris sakiTxebze saubari ki ZiriTadad
warimarTeba ritualuri samkurnalo `iavnanas~ safuZvelze. marTalia,
`nana~ _ rogorc Janri `iavnanasaviT~ arqaulia, magram SemorCenili
dasaZinebeli nimuSebi, ganviTarebis doniT, gacilebiT ufro martivia,
vidre samkurnalo.
dasaZinebeli `nanas~ ganxilva xSirad ukavSirdeba qalTa tradiciuli
sasimRero Semoqmedebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Janris _ samkurnalo
nimuSebis analizs, `iavnanas~ warmoSobis, Janruli kuTvnilebisa da
transformaciis sakiTxebs. zogierTi mkvlevari aigivebs am or nimuSs.
zogierTi ki mijnavs maT erTmaneTisagan, magram miiCnevs, rom `iavnana~
gadaiqca akvnis simRera `nanad~.
`nana~ da `iavnana~ funqciurad gansaxvavebuli ori qmnilebaa.
funqciuri sxvaoba gansakuTrebiT naTlad vlindeba sityvier teqstebSi.
rac Seexeba musikalur-intonaciur masalas, igi xSirad msgavsia, rac maTi
erTi sawyisidan momdinareobaze migvaniSnebs. amis dasabuTebas Cemi
naSromis momdevno TavebSi Sevecdebi. vfiqrob, pirvel rigSi swored
musikalur-saxeobrivi identuroba gansazRvravs am ori nimuSis msgavsebas,
ris gamoc, TiToeulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli poeturi motivebi orive
maTganSi advilad SeiWra.
bundovania `nanas~ Janruli kuTvnilebis sakiTxic. mkvlevarTa
umetesoba mas sayofacxovrebo Janris nimuSad miiCnevs. yvela mecnieri, vinc
ki dasaZinebel nimuSs Sexebia, erTxmad aRiarebs `nanas~ Soreuli
warsulidan momdinareobas, samkurnalo `iavnanasTan~ kavSirs. miuxedavad
amisa, bevri maTganisaTvis (dimitri arayiSvili, Tamar mamalaZe, nino
maisuraZe) `nana~ sayofacxovrebo Janris qmnilebaa.Aakvnis nanaSi saweso
nimuSis niSnebs xedaven qsenia sixaruliZe, fiqria zandukeli, jondo
bardaveliZe, Tamar Mmesxi.
am sakiTxis garkvevas mieZRvneba Cemi naSromis II Tavi. winaswar vityvi,
rom CemTvis `nana~ tradiciuli saweso folkloris nimuSia da saojaxo
ritualebis rigSi unda moiazrebodes.
rac Seexeba akvnis simReris mravalxmian nimuSs, igi qarTul
musikismcodneobaSi sagangebo kvlevis sagnad Cems naSromebSi iqca.

52
 sadisertacio naSromis am monakveTSi warmodgenili mosazrebebi da
meTodologiuri debulebebi gamoyenebuli iqneba gamokvlevis analitikur
nawilSi. iqve SedarebisaTvis mivmarTav dReisaTvis Cems xelT arsebul sxva
xalxTaA dasaZinebeli nimuSebis sanoto magaliTebsac.

53
 Tavi II

`nanas~ funqciisa da semantikis sakiTxebi

winamdebare Tavi sakiTxTa ramdenime wres moicavs. Cemi interesis

obieqti _ dasaZinebeli `nana~ bavSvis smenisaken aris mimarTuli da masTan
urTierTobis erT-erTi formaa, amitom mokled vexebi bavSvis
fiziologiisa da fsiqologiis zogierT mniSvnelovan mxares, Zilis _
rogorc gansakuTrebuli fiziologiuri mdgomareobis problemas.
ganvixilav agreTve, sabavSvo folklorisa da dasaZinebeli `nanas~ rols
mozardTa socializaciis procesSi. aqve warmodgenilia Cvilis sawolis
irgvliv arsebul cnobebi, eTnografiul literaturaSi bavSvis movla-
aRzrdasTan dakavSirebuli is wes-Cveulebebi, romelTa elementebi ama Tu
im saxiT vlindeba dasaZinebeli `nanas~ fiqsirebul teqstebSi.
sociokulturuli garemos analizisa da fsiqofiziologiuri
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe warmoudgenelia akvnis `nanas~ _
rogorc garkveuli instituciuri movlenis arsSi wvdoma.
Aakvnis `nanas~ komunikaciuri funqcia metad Taviseburi da sxva
Janrebisagan gansxvavebulia. igi SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT eduard aleqseevis
mier situaciur, Caketil tipad wodebul saxeobas (Алексеев, 1988: 64).
Mmkvlevari folkloruli masalis analizis safuZvelze ayalibebs
komunikaciaSi Semsvleli pirovnebis (an jgufis) ZiriTad miznebs. Eesenia:
`1) raime informaciis gadacema, 2) Tavisi damokidebulebis gadacema da 3)
vinmeze zemoqmedeba. amis Sesabamisad komunikaciis aqtSi realizebulia
informaciuli, SemecnebiTi (kognitiuri), gamomsaxvelobiTi (emociuri,
eqspresiuli) da zemoqmedebis momxdeni (apelaciuri, sugtensiuri)
funqciebi.Aam funqciebidan momdinareobs yuradRebis gamaxvileba
naTqvamze, mTqmelze da adresatze~ (iqve, gv. 47).A
adresatis aRmoCena SeiZleba ara mxolod komunikaciuri aqtis
monawileTa Soris, am SemTxvevaSi dedasa da Svils Soris, aramed mis
gareTac, radgan `nanas~ intonacia da teqstic, uwin mimarTuli unda
yofiliyo ara mxolod Svilisaken, aramed mfarveli RvTaebisakenac.

54
 bavSvis daZinebisaTvis gankuTvnili hangi msoflios mravali xalxis
folklorSi gvxvdeba. mSoblebisa da garemos musikaluri aura jer kidev
dedis sxeulSi myofi bavSvis Camoyalibebazec moqmedebs. es mosazreba
kievis konservatoriis folkloris kabinetSi Catarebuli eqsperimentuli
cdebiT aris dadasturebuli (Алексеев, 1986: 139). genetikurad Tandayolil
fizikur, fsiqologiur, socialur da kulturul monacemebze TandaTan
xdeba SeZenili Tu gamomuSavebuli Cvevebis daSeneba. maT Soris
umniSvnelovanesi da CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso smeniTi aRqma da
unar-Cvevebia.
Mdabadebis momentisaTvis ori wamyvani analizatori _ Tvali da yuri
sakmaod arian momwifebuli funqcionirebisaTvis. mxedvelobisa da smenis
organoebi gare gamRizianeblebTan urTierTobaSi modian, iwyeba reagireba
moZrav obieqtebze, saSualo intensivobis bgeraze. pirvel xanebSi smeniT
miRebuli STabeWdileba Turme sWarbobs kidec mxedvelobiT miRebuls.
bgeraze 10 dRis bavSvs ukve garkveuli reaqcia aqvs, Tumca, dimitri
uznaZis mixedviT, es ufro SegrZnebaa, vidre aRqma. TviT aRqmac
aradiferencirebulia, radgan Ddedis xmas Cvili ZuZus wovasTan erTad
aRiqvams. ucxo adamianis bgeraze ki igi ar iZleva saTanado reaqcias
(uznaZe, d. 2001: 96). mravaljer mosmenil motivs, simReras, romlis
aRqmasTan dakavSirebulia garkveuli dadebiTi emociuri gancda, bavSvebi
erTi wlis asakidan cnoben. am dros arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs ara imdenad
melodiurobas, ramdenadac ritmul mxares, intensivobas (yolbaia, 1998:
125). Cvili bavSvisaTvis sityva signalur mniSvnelobas mxolod ori wlidan
iZens, swored am periodidan ZaluZs mas yuradRebis sagnad aqcios
moTxroba, sityvieri instruqcia (iqve, gv. 114).
F federiko garsia lorkas dakvirvebiT, akvnis simReras axalSobils
TiTqmis arc umRerian. Mmas arToben raime martivi melodiuri naxaziT
usityvod. did dros uTmoben rwevis fizikur ritms. akvnis simReras
sWirdeba msmeneli, romelic yuradRebiT adevnebs Tvals siuJets,
personaJebs. sityvebiT umRerian bavSvs, romelic ukve dadis, metyvelebs,
esmis sityvebis mniSvneloba. zogjer simReriT aZineben bavSvs, romelsac ar
eZineba. mas umRerian dRisiTac, roca bavSvs TamaSi unda (Лорка, 2006-2008).

55
 kulturuli memkvidreobis aTviseba bavSvs damoukideblad ar
SeuZlia. is mas gadmoaqvs ufrosebisagan. azrovnebis Camoyalibeba xdeba
qcevis normebis, kulturis donisa da ganaTlebis aTvisebis safuZvelze.
enis dauflebis gziT mozardi eziareba sazogadoebriv gamocdilebas,
codnas, sibrZnes, romelsac Cveni winaprebi folkloruli nimuSebis saxiT
gadascemdnen Taobidan Taobas. sinkretuli bunebis mqone xalxuri
sasimRero Semoqmedeba sityvier informaciasTan erTad erovnul musikalur-
intonaciur fondTan ziarebasac gulisxmobs.
Aakvnis nana ara marto folkloris elementia, romelic dasaZineblad
imRereba, aramed mniSvnelovania bavSvis mier metyvelebis aTvisebisaTvis,
maSasadame azrovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis. patara adamianis xasiaTi
damokidebuli yofila imaze, Tu ras umReroda deda. akvnis nana bavSvs
uRviZebs genetikur mexsierebas. visac es ara aqvs, uWirs adaptireba
sazogadoebaSi da nela viTardeba. am aRmoCenis avtoria filologiur
mecnierebaTa kandidati irina karabulatova, romelic didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi swavlobda cimbiris xalxTa dasaZinebel simRerebs (Варгасова,
2006-2008).
`bavSvi rom ibadeba, masze is gamRizianeblebi iwyeben zemoqmedebas,
romlebic mocemul socialur wreSi SemoRebuli movlis wesis mixedviT
arian SerCeuli. es SerCeva ki xangrZlivi dakvirvebis Sedegad aris
Camoyalibebuli da iwvevs arsebul socialur wreSi mniSvnelovnad
miCneuli Sinagani Zalebisa da funqciebis aqtivizacias. potenciuri saxiT
mocemul ZalTagan bavSvs swored isini uviTardebian, romlebic
aRmzrdelis, socialuri wris mieraa arCeuli da mis mier arsebiTadaa
miCneuli. amis gamo, es Zalebi potenciuri monacemebidan aqtiur Tvisebebad
Camoyalibdebian. amdenad, mozardis ganviTarebis yovel safexurze
aqtualur ZalTa Semadgenloba socialuradaa gansazRvruli~ (yolbaia, m.
1998: 27). bavSvis movlisa da aRzrdis qarTul wesSi, (nebismieri socialuri
fenisaTvis) umniSvnelovanesi iyo da dResac aris musikaluri unarebis
gamomuSaveba-ganviTareba. qarTvels kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli sabavSvo
musikaluri folkloris mniSvneloba da adgili tradiciuli aRzrdis
sistemaSi. bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnil nimuSTa Soris ki centraluri
adgili swored dasaZinebel `nanas~ ekava. baTumeli istorikosisa da

56
pedagogis gulTamze vadaWkorias zepiri cnobiT, ozurgeTis raionis
sofel mTispirSi mcxovreb varSalomiZeebis ojaxs bavSvisaTvis `nanas~
saTqmelad sagangebod iwvevdnen SeZlebuli mezoblebi da gaweuli
samsaxurisaTvis saCuqrebsac atandnen (avtoris mier 2008 w. baTumSi
Cawerili masalidan). TbilisSi mcxovrebi xevsuri ana meliwkauri Svilebs
ZiriTadad xevsuruli, fSauri da qarTluri `nanebiT~ aZinebda. 10 wlis
vaJis gansakuTrebul gatacebas aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis sasimRero
hangebiT igi swored am faqtiT xsnis (avtoris mier 2009w. TbilisSi
Cawerili masalidan).
bavSvisaTvis pirveli socialuri samyaro ojaxia. is ukvlevs gzas
jgufuri cxovrebisa da urTierTobebisaken. ojaxi warmoadgens im pirvel
wres, romlis faseulobebsa da normebsac iTviseben bavSvebi. `ojaxi
uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis kulturul uwyvetobas, Semdgom TaobebSi
kulturuli memkvidreobis gadacemas~ (menabdiSvili, 2008: 189).
musikaluri niWiT dajildoebuli adamianebi, rogorc wesi,
muzicirebis tradiciis mqone ojaxebis an sagvareuloebis warmomadgenlebi
arian xolme. musikasTan erT-erTi pirveli Sexeba swored dedis mier
damRerebuli melodiaa. cnobili momReral-mgaloblebisa da lotbarebis
biografiuli cnobebiT dasturdeba, rom maTi musikaluri monacemebis
formirebaSi gadamwyvet rols swored deda asrulebs. magaliTad, megruli
simReris patriarqad wodebuli Zuku loluas (1877-1921) deda _ Tavadis
qali WamWala CiqviniZe `mTel im mxareSi ganTqmuli meCongure, momRerali
da momTqmeli iyo. mas xSirad iwvevdnen momTqmelad ara marto
samegreloSi, aramed imereTsa da leCxumSi... man Seaswavla Svilebs
qarTuli anbani, simRera da Congurze dakvra~ (Jvania, 2005: 11); elene
Wubabrias (1905-1979) deda, guruli qali anastasia CxikviSvili,
`gansakuTrebuli musikaluri niWiT yofila gamorCeuli. hqonda SesaniSnavi
xma, mSvenivrad ukravda, gitaraze aRiRinebda xalxur da sxva popularul
simRerebs. xSirad Semoisxamda irgvliv Tavis xuT Svils da aswavlida
dakvra-simReras~ (moiswrafiSvili, 2005: 150).
qsenia sixaruliZis dakvirvebiT, XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi iSviaTi
iyo ojaxi, sadac bavSvs daZinebis win ar umRerodnen (sixaruliZe, qs. 1938:
4).

57
 momdevno wlebSi mniSvnelovani adgili daikava radio da
satelevizio eTeriT gasuli Zilispiruli gadacemebis musikalur
gaformebad gamoyenebulma simRerebma, kompozitorebis (inola gurgulia,
jansuR kaxiZe, maka aroSiZe da sxv. ) mier Seqmnilma nimuSebma.
dasaZinebeli `nana~ bavSvis socializaciis pirveli etapia. am
terminSi mecnierebi sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisaTvis individis (mozardis)
momzadebisa da masSi CarTvis process gulisxmoben. eTnografi JuJuna
eriaSvili aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis tradiciuli sazogadoebis
cxovrebis wesSi socializaciis etapebis ritualuri gaformebis
TandaTanobiT process xedavs (eriaSvili, 2008: 163). fSavlebis da
xevsurebis yofaSi aucilebelia, rom bavSvi cxra Tvidan erT wlamde
gainaTlos. 1-3 wlis asakSi sruldeba `mibarebis~ rituali, romlis
sarwmunoebrivi funqcia individualur `mcav-mfaravsulTan~ (qristianuli
religiis gavleniT mcav-mfarav-angelozTan) kavSiris damyarebaa. es
mfarveli patronobs bavSvs, zrdis, icavs mas yovelgvari avadmyofobisa da
safrTxisagan. am rwmenas mkvlevrebi religiis adreul formad miiCneven da
Tvlian, rom `adamianis piradi mfarveli sulebis kulti pirvelyofili
Temuri urTierTobebis daSlis, sameurneo da yofis sferoSi individis
dawinaurebis safexuria. Ees aris msoflmxedvelobis individualizaciis
procesi, romelic asaxavs adreklasobrivis winare safexuris daSlas,
gvarovnuli Temidan patara ojaxis gamoyofas~ (iqve, gv. 164).
bavSvis socializacia ojaxidan iwyeboda, magram vidre mas naTlobisa
da `mibarebis~ ritualebs Cautarebdnen, vidre igi ufrosebis msjeloba-
Sekrebebs daeswreboda an saojaxo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi CaerTveboda,
socializacia dedis intonaciebiT xorcieldeboda. `nanas~ saqarTvelos
yvela kuTxeSi umRerodnen da misi erT-erTi uZvelesi funqcia swored
mfarveli RvTaebebisadmi mimarTva da borotisagan bavSvis dacva iyo.
saqarTveloSi ojaxis ufrosad marTalia, mama iTvleboda, magram
saojaxo meurneobas da bavSvis aRzrdasac ZiriTadad deda awarmoebda.
rogorc ilia ambobda, `qarTvelisaTvis deda marto mSobeli ar aris.
qarTveli RviZl enasac deda-enas eZaxis, ufros qalaqs – dedaqalaqs,
mkvidr da did boZs saxlisas _ dedaboZs, udidessa da umagres burjs _
dedaburjs, samTavro azrs dedaaazrs, guTnis gamgebel mamakacsac ki _

58
guTnisdedas. (cit.: kapanaZe, 1986: 44). qalis movaleoba marto STamomavlobis
gaCena ki ar aris, eris saukeTeso Tvisebebis mqone Svilebis aRzrdacaa.
Ddedas mudam eWira da axlac uWiravs sapatio adgili saxelmwifosa da
eris cxovrebaSi. eris saxes, mis zneobas yovel drosa da epoqaSi didad
ganapirobebda dedaTa Segneba da maTi zrunva kargi Svilebis
aRzrdisaTvis. samSoblos siyvarulTan erTad, qarTveli deda moTminebiT
da bejiTad unergavda Svils Sromis siyvaruls, mama-papaTa saqmianobas
ayvarebda. TviTonac dauRalavad trialebda, mudam cdilobda daecva erisa
da ojaxis sindis-namusi (iqve, 44-45).
rogorc specialistebi amtkiceben, adamianis inteleqtualur donesa
da akvnis simRerebs Soris pirdapiri urTierTkavSiria. `nana~ da Selocva
kacobriobis yvelaze Zveli simReraa, romelsac didi zemoqmedebis Zala
aqvs. sxvadasxva xalxi mas mistikur mniSvnelobas aniWebda. sasiyvarulo
intonaciebi, moferebiT-kninobiTi sufiqsebi, TviT gamoyenebuli bgerebis
fonetika dadebiT Seferilobas atarebs. fizikosebi amtkiceben, rom
ritmulad mowesrigebuli frazebi kargad moqmedeben adamianis
bioenergetikaze. akvnis simRera uaxlovdeba aqtiur meditacias: deda jer
Tavis gonebaSi qmnis mSvenieris naTel saxes da Semdeg am talRaze
gadascems Tavis SegrZnebebs bavSvs (Кривошеев, 2006-2008).
mniSvnelovania gansakuTrebuli emociuri urTierTobebis damyareba
dedasa da Svils Soris. aZinebs ra Svils, deda iviwyebs mTeli dRis
manZilze dagrovil mRelvarebas, problemebs, mTlianad Sviliskenaa
mimarTuli, gadascems Tavis siTbosa da sinazes, efereba mas. patara
aRiqvams mis intonacias, xmis tembrs – aseT mSobliursa da sayvarels,
romelic aZlevs siTbosa da daculobis SegrZnebas, rac mniSvnelovania
dRis dasrulebisa da mSvidi ZilisaTvis.
`tkbilis ZiliT daiZine,
guls naTeli dafine,
nani, nana, nana~ (Ciqovani, 1979: 116)
an
`nanas getyvi ZilisTvina,
Seni mosvenebisTvina ~ (iqve, gv. 117)

59
 qarTuli folkloris Janrul sistemaSi `nanas~ gamorCeuli adgili
uWiravs. zogierTi sxva Janrisagan gansxvavebiT, igi eTnikuri kulturis
cocxali, dinamikuri rgolia. Aamis mizezi Tavad axali adamianis dabadeba-
aRzrdis faqtia, romelic sazogadoebis socialur-ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexurze yofis umniSvnelovanes momentad rCeba.
aqtiur funqcionirebasTan erTad, es Janri saqarTveloSi (gansakuTrebiT ki
mTian regionebSi), mxatvruli azrovnebis arqauli formebis konservaciiTac
xasiaTdeba. amitom, mis Sinaarsobriv-struqturul analizs gadamwyveti
roli eniWeba qarTuli xalxuri sasimRero metyvelebis saTaveebis
kvlevisas.
naSromis wina TavSi ganxiluli mqonda saistorio, eTnografiul.
Ffilologiur da samusikismcodneo literaturaSi `nanasTan~ dakavSirebiT
gamoTqmuli mosazrebani. mkvlevarTa umetesoba mas sayofacxovrebo Janris
nimuSad miiCnevs. Evfiqrob, es gansazRvreba Zalze zogadia, radgan
tradiciuli folkloris yvela Janri xalxis yofa-cxovrebasTan aris
dakavSirebuli da Zilispiruli `nana~ saweso (saojaxo-saritualo) jgufis
nimuSTaArigSi unda ganixilebodes. saweso mizanmimarTulebis
dadasturebisaTvis ki saWiroa mis funqciaSi, SemorCenil teqstebSi
arqauli Sreebis gamovlena. Aam saSualebas, pirvel rigSi, dasaZinebeli
nimuSis saxelwodeba da masSi gamoyenebuli refrenebi gvaZlevs.
Ggarda amisa, mokle frazebi, ostinaturoba, rwevadi ritmi, Cauketavi,
`Ria~ forma (gagrZeldeba manam, sanam bavSvi ar daiZinebs), SeuzRudavi
gamomgonebloba da simartive xsenebul nimuSs avTentikuri folkloris
Janrul sistemaSi gansakuTrebul adgils umkvidrebs. am intonaciur
kompleqss Segnebulad ar vuwodeb simReras. ioseb Jordanias azriT,
bavSvis dasaZinebeli `nana~ e.w. `simReramdeli~ periodis (izali zemcovskis
termini) TvalsaCino magaliTia (zandukeli, f. da Jordania, i. 1997: 81). TviT
xalxis mierac igi, rogorc dasrulebuli sasimRero forma, ar aRiqmeba.
saeqspedicio masalaze dayrdnobiT, msgavsi faqtebi samkurnalo
`iavnanasTan~ dakavSirebiT Seswavlili aqvs n. zumbaZes (zumbaZe, 1994b:77-79).
eqspediciebSi ara erTxel gvsmenia, rom `nana simRera araa. mas RiRiniT _
Cumad, TavisTvis ityvian~ (kalandaZe, n.; SveliZe, n.; zumbaZe, n.; eqspedicia
kaxeTSi, 1986). raWveli elene lobJaniZis TqmiT, `nana sruldeba bavSvis

60
dasaZineblad RuRuniT~ _ Cumad, mtredis mibaZviT (zandukeli, 1977:Ł39).
qarTvel eTnoforTa am ganmartebaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs saSemsruleblo
manerasTan dakavSirebuli terminologia, romelic arqauli azrovnebis
sxva detalebTan erTad (Zveli wina aziis `didi dedis~ _ mzis,
nayofierebisa da Svilierebis qalRvTaebis saxelis xSiri gameoreba, avi
sulebis dafrTxobisaTvis gamoyenebuli sxva refrenebi, `iavnanas~ melodia-
formula, musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis ostinaturoba da
sxv.), udavod adasturebs am Janris Soreuli warsulidan momdinareobas.
radganac Zilispiruli nimuSebi akvanTan aris dakavSirebuli,
mizanSewonilad miviCnie bavSvis sawolze moZiebuli masalis warmodgena.
konteqsturi garemo warmoaCens ˛`nanas~ adgils saerTo kulturul
arealSi, ukeT axsnis mis uwindel rolsa da funqcias.
zogierT mkvlevars pretenzia uCndeba imis gamo, rom akvnis
Tanamedrove tipi ar aris qarTuli. igi Suafeodalur xanaSi aziidan
monRolebma Semoitanes. samedicino wreebisaTvis miuRebelia akvnis forma,
romelic garkveul darRvevebs iwvevs bavSvis organizmSi. sulxan-saba
orbeliani bavSvis sawols sarwebels uwodebs. sityva akvani qarTvelur
enebSic gvxvdeba (megruli arkvani-onwe, svanuri akavani-henw). vfiqrob,
akvanica da, miTumetes, `nanac~ (bavSvis daZineba xom xelSic SeiZleba),
uZvelesi droidan unda momdinareobdes da dasaZinebeli nimuSis
aRniSvnisaTvis am terminis gamoyeneba mizanSewonilad mimaCnia. qarTveli
eTnografebis azriTac, saWiroa sityva `akvnis~ SenarCuneba da sawolis
Zveli qarTuli konstruqciis aRdgena.
Tvali gadavavloT akvnis warmoSobis istorias. Aam sakiTxiT mravali
mecnieri dainteresebula.
giorgi Citaias cnobiT, akvani ZvelTaganvea gavrcelebuli evropa-
aziis zogierT xalxSi (Citaia da abduSeliSvili, 1997: 801). Aakvani aris
sarwevi da saqanebeli. sarwevs sagogavebi aqvs. saqanebeli ki Tokebzea
Camokidebuli. akvnis primitiuli formaa xoWiWi _ sagebliani ficari
romelzec bavSvs akvanSi Cawvenamde akravdnen, zogjer ki zanduris
(pureulis) ReroebSi axvevdnen da artaxebiT ZnasaviT kravdnen. amgvar
sawols fircxi erqva.

61
 avi Tvalisagan dasacavad xalxuri Cveulebis mixedviT, akvanze
kidebdnen avgarozebs. mTiuleTSi TaviT danas amoudeben (maxvilia – arc
nacili da arc avi ar miudgebao). agreTve urZenas joxis natexs (es xe
angelozianiao). avi Tvalis winaaRmdeg hkideben saTole mZivs (TeTri
zoliani, an TeTri winwklebiani), RvinWilas – niJaras, folaqs, Roris
kbils, Tevzis Zvals da `gugulis nerwyvs~ _ bavSvs daeZinebao (makalaTia,
30: 124). fSavSi avTvalisa da macilis winaaRmdeg akvanze Roris kbils
Camohkideben (makalaTia, 1934: 147). xevsureTSi avi Tvalis winaaRmdeg
arwivis brWyals, Roris jagars da eSvs Camohkideben. akvans xmals Seabamen,
Tvali ar Sevardes da uferma (eSmakma) ar moiparoso (makalaTia, 1935: 191).
AmesxeTSi bavSvs pirvelad awvendnen xoWiWSi (patara akvani), Semdeg axal
mTvareze gadaiyvandnen akvanSi, rom mTvaresaviT gaibadroso. TavTan da
fexebTan puris kverebs daudeben. akvnis qveS Seudgamen fqviliT gatenil
jams – ase gaitene Senao. iqve marilsac daudeben – purmariliani iqnebao.
avi rom ar daemarTos, akvanze Camohkideben CanCxuras, romelSic asxmulia
Tvalis mZivi – oroji (RvinWila), ayiyi (wiTeli mZivia da zed gamosaxulia
naxevarmTavare varskvlaviT), Tevzis layuCi, Roris koWebi da sxva
(makalaTia, 1938 : 99). samegreloSi AbavSvs pirvelad Caawvendnen xoWiWSi –
tefiaSi, ramdenime kviris Semdeg mas akvanSi gadaiyvandnen. cariel akvans
ar gadaarwevdnen – bavSvs muceli astkivdebao. akvanSi mwolares TavqveS
raime rkineuls amoudebdnen, rom mas avi da eSmaki ar miekaroso. Aavi
Tvalis sawinaaRmdegod akvanze Camohkidebdnen alis kbils, Tvalis mZivs,
gaxvretil fuls, jvars, bus frCxils, avgarozs, gvimras Zirs da sxva
(makalaTia, 1941 : 274). TuSeTSi bavSvi rom ar SeSindes, yelze Seabamen
CvarSi gamoxveul Roris jagars. rom ar itiros, akvanze Camokideben
sakmelsa da gaxvretil abazians. mTis raWaSi avi Tvalis winaaRmdeg akvanze
hkideben angarozs – avgarozs, duas-jados da sxva Tilismebs (makalaTia,
987: 63). xevSi mamakaci bavSvs xelSi ver aiyvans da arc akvans gadaarwevs,
sircxvilia (makalaTia, 1930: 169).
A eTnografiuli masaliT dasturdeba, rom saxlidan saqmeze mimavali
deda akvanTan raime niSans datovebda – yarauli, mwyemsi unda balRso _
mTiuleTSi joxs miayudebdnen, imereTSi sakecs, qarTlSi rkinis culsa da
makratels daudebdnen. amgvari niSnebi mfarveli angelozebis rolSi

62
gamodiodnen. saxlis angelozs sityvieradac mimarTavdnen, bavSvs mas
abarebdnen. akrZaluli iyo carieli akvnis rweva, misi gaTxoveba, damtvreva,
dawva. akvanSi samSabaTs an xuTSabaTs awvendnen. Mmanamde akvans cecxlze
Semoatarebdnen, raTaA`avi qari~, `uJamuri~ ar ahyoloda. mZinare bavSvs
deda adgils ar moucvlida, Zili iq darCebao. an miwas waiRebda im
adgilidan, saidanac akvani gadmoitana (maWavariani, 1957: 27,).
miaCndaT, rom avi sulebi bavSvebs etanebian. maTgan dasacavad
xalxuri Cveulebis mixedviT, TavqveS gaSlil danas da asanTs daudebdnen
xolme. rodesac garedan mosuli movidoda bavSvis sanaxavad, mas jer
cecxlis alze moavlebinebdnen xels, rom avi suli ar Semohyoloda. zemo
imereTSi akvanze abamdnen mraval Tilismas: mware bals, niJarebs,
RinWilas (asxmuli mZivebi da Tvlebi) da saTvales _ Tvali ar ecema
bavSvso; fuls _ dovlaTiani iqnebao; qarvis mZivs _ siyviTle ar
daemarTebao; avgarozs _ avi Tvalisagan daicavso (iqve, 20). Aakvniani
bavSvis Rame gareT gamoyvana ar SeiZleboda. Tu deda sadme midioda da
akvanSi Cawvenili bavSvi Sin marto rCeboda, akvans sakeces gadaadebda da
ise datovebda _ sakece cecxlSi namyofia da bavSvs daicavso. wlamde
bavSvis tansacmels RamiT gareT ar datovebdnen, avi sulebi waetanebiano.
rodesac bavSvi pirvelad gamohyavdaT gareT, saxlis saZirkvelze
nakverCxals daagdebdnen da xelSi ayvanil bavSvs zed gadaatarebdnen
(kapanaZe, 1986: 22).
akvnis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobaze metyvelebs is faqti, rom
uSvilobis an bavSvis avadmyofobis dros xats patara akvans Seswiravdnen.
Sua feodaluri xanis zogierTi taZris freskebze gamosaxuli akvnebi
oTx fexze Semdgari sawolebia, xolo sagogavebis principze Seqmnili
akvani momTabare tomebs unda gaevrcelebinaT. maT dResac xmaroben mTel
aRmosavleT samyaroSi da cnobili arian aRmosavluri tipis akvnis _
beSikis saxelwodebiT. rogorc Cans, mogviano xanaSi qarTuli akvani am
ukanasknelma Secvala.
momTabaruli cxovrebis dros deda cdilobda rogorme
gaeadvilebina bavSvis tareba. swored aqedan iRebs saTaves yovelgvari
sabavSvo satarebeli. binadar xalxSi akvnis ganviTarebisa da cvalebadobis
ZiriTad motivad gvevlineba qalis saxlis gareT muSaoba da bavSvis Tan

63
wayvana (citirebulia kapanaZe: 23). saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi mindvris
samuSaoebisas bavSvebis akvniT wayvanas elene maWavarianic adasturebs
(maWavariani, 1957: 273-274).
rogorc g. plosi aRniSnavs, akvnis primitiul formad SeiZleba
CaiTvalos akvnis ori tipi: pirveli _ mownuli kalaTi an xis yuTi,
romelic miwaze dgas da mas gverdidan arweven. Mmeore _ saqanelas msgavsi
sawoli. yvela danarCeni formaSecvlili akvani am ori formisagan
ganviTarda. akvnis ufro Zvel formad miCneulia Camosakidebeli akvani,
romelic ganviTarda tomrisagan an tyavis CanTisagan, riTac qalebs
dahyavdaT Svilebi. zog xalxSi akvnis pirvelma formam ver hpova
gavrceleba, vinaidan mas rweva xSirad sWirdeboda. meore tipis akvani erTi
darweviTac didxans irweoda. Camosakidebeli akvani Cvil bavSvs icavda
mwerebisa da cxovelebisagan. akvnis aseTi forma gavrcelda mcire aziaSi,
magram ukve gaumjobesebuli saxiT, akvnis es uZvelesi forma iq dResac
ixmareba. zog qveyanaSi miwaze dasadgam akvans aniWeben upiratesobas.
saqarTveloSi gavrcelda dasadgmeli akvani. qarTuli akvnis msgavs akvans
xmaroben siriaSi, libanSi, sparseTSi (citirebulia _ kapanaZe, 1986: 22)
Aakvnis rwevis xangrZlivoba imaze iyo damokidebuli, Tu ramden xanSi
daiZinebda bavSvi. plosis azriT, akvnis erTferovani rweva iwvevs
cvlilebas sisxlis mimoqcevaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki TavSi. rwevis Sedegad
warmoiSoba Tavbrusxveva, romelic gadadis ZilSi. igi askvnis, rom es Zili
ara aris bunebrivi, aramed xelovnuradaa gamowveuli da SeiZleba safrTxe
Seuqmnas gonebrivi ganviTarebis process. rodesac deda garkveuli drois
manZilze wynarad da mSvidad arwevs xelSi ayvanil Svils, igi aZinebs mas.
bavSvis rweva miRebulia yvela xalxSi. imaTTanac ki, romlebic akvans ar
iyeneben. bavSvebs arwevdnen xeliT an zurgiT. momTabare xalxebSi bavSvebs
zurgiT atarebdnen. samuSaod mimaval dedas Tan mihyavda zurgze
mokidebuli Cvili. monotonuri samuSaos SesrulebasTan erTad bavSvic
irweoda da iZinebda. zogierTi mkvlevris azriT, akvani xels uSlis
bavSvis normalur zrdas, SeboWili wola mavnebelia sxeulis, kunTebisa da
kidurebis ganviTarebisaTvis (kapanaZe, n. 1986: 25). Mm. abduSeliSvilisa da S.
pataraias dakvirvebiT, eqimebis _ oTar RuduSauris da n. gegeSiZis azriT,
aRmosavluri tipis akvanSi wola cvlis Tavis formas, aavadebs filtvebs,

64
iwvevs raqits, hemoglobinis, eriTrocitebis raodenobis daqveiTebas,
travmatologiur, orTopediul daavadebebs da sxv.
aRmosavleTis qveynebSi gavrcelebul bavSvis sawols Sua aziasa da
azerbaijanSi uwodeben beSiks, somxeTSi _ ororocs, saqarTveloSi _
akvans, arkvans, akavans. Arogorc aRvniSneT, akvani Tavisi SibaqiTa da
artaxebiT saqarTveloSi Semoitanes aRmosavleTidan Semosulma momTabare
tomebma XIII s-is dasawyisSi. is momdevno avbedobis periodSi gavrcelda.
Aamaze metyvelebs Tundac is faqti, rom Zvel qarTul freskebze
gamosaxuli bavSvis sareceli sruliad ara hgavs dRevandel akvans.
saqarTveloSi bavSvi Tavisuflad, arataxebis gareSe izrdeboda, rogorc
es ukanasknel dromde iyo SemorCenili xevsureTSi, romelic gadaurCa
monRolTa da sxva dampyrobTaA zegavlenas. naTela kapanaZis azriT, YZneli
dasajerebelia, rom bunebiT laRsa da humanur qarTvel xalxs SeezRuda
Cvili, magram JamTa siavis gamo, gauTavebel brZolebSi Cabmuli mamakacis
nacvlad, SromiT saqmianobas eweoda misi mravalSviliani meuRle, romelic
iZulebuli iyo bavSvi akvanSi Caekra usafrTxoebis mizniT.
akvnis Tavdapirveli AqarTuli saxe (artaxebis gareSe) SemorCenili
gvaqvs xevsureTSi. saqarTvelos mTianeTis am istoriul-eTnografiul
kuTxeSi garkveuli pirobebis gamo akvnis aziuri tipi ar gavrcelda.
xevsuruli eTnografiuli masalebi bavSvis sawolis Sesaxeb naTlad
adastureben im azrs, rom akvani saqarTveloSi Suafeodalur periodSi
aziidan aris Semotanili.
saqarTveloSiAakvans ritualur mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen. magaliTad,
samegreloSi waCxurobaze (gaqristianebul warmarTul dResaswaulze,
romelic weliwadSi orjer _ aprilsa da oqtomberSi imarTeboda) uSvilo
qali gaakeTebinebda patara akvans, romelsac yvelafriT gaawyobdnen, Sig
patara Tojinas Caawvendnen, Camoqnidnen or sanTels, uSvilo qals TeTr
tansacmelSi gamoawyobdnen da midiodnen salocavSi. Sesawiravad mihyavdaT
mamali an batkani da cocxlad uSvebdnen, fulsac Seswiravdnen. qalebi da
kacebi dadiodnen miniaturuli akvnebiT, SesawiravebiT da iq dasvenebul
RvTismSoblis xats _ Svilianobas evedrebodnen. `wayvanil~ patara akvans
iqve tovebdnen (sagulisxmo momentia, akvnis gasulierebuli saxiT
warmodgena). mRvdels Tavis mxriv `hyavda~ vercxlisa da oqros patara

65
akvani, romelsac daudgamda qals xelisgulze, xelSi anTebuli sanTeli
eWira da saTanado locvas warmoTqvamda (kapanaZe, 1986: 11-12).
Tu patarZali uSvilo iyo, an mxolod qalebi uCndeboda, waiyvandnen
xatSi. evedrebodnen Svilis micemas da Tan Seswiravdnen sanTels da akvnis
gamosaxulebas (makalaTia, 1941, 270).
varZiaSi winaT yofila ori patara vercxlis akvani da orsuli qali
am akvans daarwevda. Tu akvani TavisTavad dairweoda, mas Svili SerCeboda,
Tu darweuli akvani gadabrundeboda, ar SerCeboda da cudis niSani iyo
(makalaTia, 1938, 99).
bavSvis janmrTelobaze zrunva misi dabadebisTanave iwyeboda.
sicocxlis pirveli weli gansakuTrebulad saSiSi da rTuli iyo. mTel
rig ritualebs asrulebdnen. bevri iyo akrZalvac. pirvel naban wyals
erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi saxlSi, cecxlis axlos an sawolis qveS Rvridnen,
avi suli rom ar dapatroneboda. tansacmlis narecx wyalsac ki gareT ar
gadaaqcevdnen. ityodnen, Rame cam ar unda daxedoso. Ddabanil bavSvs
gobidan rom amoiyvandnen, samjer piriT wyals Seasxurebdnen da etyodnen
`Seni Zilio~, e. i. kargi Zili gqondeso. Cvili xSirad ZuZuze iZinebda.
akvanSi zog raionSi sami dRis Semdeg, zogan ki erTi-ori kviris Semdeg
awvendnen. Ggawyobili akvani qalis mSoblebs `mohyavdaT~. imarTeboda
lxini, akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis rituali.
Aakvnis gansakuTrebuli adgili, bavSvis dabadeba-aRzrdasTan
dakavSirebul wes-CveulebaTa sferoSi, msoflios mravali xalxis yofaSia
dafiqsirebuli. magaliTad, plosis dakvirvebiT, meqsikasa da romis
imperiaSi sazeimod xdeboda bavSvis pirvelad Cawvena akvanSi. bebiaqali
CiraRdniT xelSi mividoda akvanTan da akvnis RvTaebas SesTxovda bavSvis
mfarvelobas. Semdeg mimarTavda TviTon akvans da evedreboda, rom daecva
igi yovelgvari borotebisagan (Плосс, 1881, citirebulia kapanaZe, 1986: 21).
Aamerikeli aborigeni xalxis akvani xSirad lamazadaa morTuli, masze
dakidebulia saTamaSoebi da sxvadasxva Tilisma (Ратцел, 1903: 39
citirebulia kapanaZe, 1986: 21). afxazeTSi mSobiarobis Semdeg mowveuli
Semlocavi kiTxulobda sagangebo locvas. Aam dros akvani marjvniv edga,
bavSvs Tavi aRmosavleTis mxares edo. Mmuxlebze damxobil Semlocvels
xelSi mamali eWira (Дбар, 1985:103).

66
 rogorc Cans, zogierTi xalxi did mniSvnelobas aniWebda akvanSi
pirvelad Cawvenas. aseTTa ricxvs ekuTvnodnen qarTvelebic. MmagaliTad,
zemo imereTSi bavSvs akvanSi pirvelad Caawvendnen samSabaTs, an xuTSabaTs.
amas bebiaqals an bednier dedas miandobdnen. xalxuri Cveulebis mixedviT,
Tavze wiTel qsovils gadaafarebdnen _ ferovani iqnebao; akvans cxvris
tyavze gadaarwevdnen _ bavSvs mSvidi Zili da mosveneba eqnebao; visac
lamazi wera SeeZlo, mis nawerze gadaarwevdnen, bavSvsac lamazi wera
ecodinebao (kapanaZe, 1986: 21).
aWaraSi Zeobas orive sqesis bavSvis SeZenisas marTavdnen, umetesad
vaJis SeZenisas. zogi mTqmelis mtkicebiT, es dabadebidan mesame, an meSvide
DdRes imarTeboda. qalis mSoblebs mohqondaT akvani, dapatiJebdnen
axloblebs, umetesad qalebs da akvniT, saCuqrebiT midiodnen sanaxavad.
zogjer akvani gvian _ Svidi-aTi dRis Semdeg mihqondaT. axalSobilis
mSoblebi Zeobas xSirad akvnis mitanis moments, akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis
rituals ukavSirebdnen (msxalaZe, 1969: 26,31). Aaleqsandre msxalaZes `es
akvani xaratulis~ poeturi teqsti saakvno simRerebis ciklis nimuSad
miaCnia. Mmisi azriT, `nanas~ ciklis leqsis gamoyeneba saZeobo ferxulSi
ar aris SemTxveviTi (msxalaZe, 1969, 31). mixeil Ciqovanis azriTac, `adre
mravali akvnis simRera saZeod yofila gamoyenebuli~ (Ciqovani, 1956: 87).
Zeobaze akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis ritualTan dakavSirebuli
sasimRero nimuSebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi, ufro zustad ki aWaraSia
dafiqsirebuli. sainteresoa, rom aq gvxvdeba am sityvieri teqstis sruli,
yvelaze vrceli variantebi. amitom vfiqrob, rom aseTi teqstebi swored am
Janris kuTvnilebas unda warmodgendes da aqedan unda iyos gadasuli
`nanaSi~. fragmentebis saxiT igi mesxuri da guruli `nanebis~ verbalur
masalaSi gvxvdeba. sagulisxmoa, rom aWaraSi SemorCa solistisa da
sagundo unisonis monacvleobaze agebuli martivi magaliTi, romelsac
mravalxmianobis adreuli formebis kvlevisas gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
aniWeben (ix. danarTi, Mmag. # 53).
AyuradRebas imsaxurebs mesxeT-javaxeTSi mopovebuli nimuSi,
romelic guriasa da aWaraSi SemorCenili ritualuri teqstebis
analogiuria da es faqti kidev erTxel migvaniSnebs aRmosavleT da
samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos am kuTxeTa erTianobaze. ,,Zv. w. III-II

67
saukuneebSi da Semdeg ki VIII s-Si aRmosavlur qarTuli tomebis
gadasaxlebam da kolxur mosaxleobasTan Serevam musikalur folklorSic
hpova asaxva~ (garayaniZe, 1997:188).

`es akvani xaratulia,

Siga mwoli daxatulia.
es akvani sanTelia,
Siga mwolic naTelia.
es akvani pir gulia,
Siga mwolic didgulia.
es akvani evani,
Siga mwoli margalitis tevani.
netarebis xati xar,
brol-kalmiT dasaxati xar.
netareba imasa, vinc gemoneba,
gulSi vinc gekoneba.
nanas getyvi daiZine,
pirsac vardi daifine~ (makalaTia, 1938: 123).
1996 wlis agvistoSi, axalcixis r-nis sof musxSi. Mmaro JuJunaZisgan
viqtoria samsonaZem, maia gelaSvilma da qeTevan bancaZem Caiweres akvnis
`nanas~ nimuSi (ix. mag. 14, gv. 119). guruli teqsti apolon wulaZesac aqvs
dafiqsirebuli:
`naninao, nanasao,
eZineba baRanaso.
Sen Zili da mosveneba,
Sens mters Wiris moCveneba.
es akvani xaratuli,
Sig mwolare Caxatuli,
akvania bJolisao,
Sig mwolare brolsao.
akvania lebanozi,
Sig mwolare angelozi~ (wulaZe, 1971 :233).

68
 akvanTan dakavSirebuli sityvieri masala guriaSi mravalxmiani
lirikuli akvnis simRerebis teqstebmac Semoinaxes (ix. MdanarTi, mag. # 55).
adiReSi akvnis simRerebTan SinaarsiTa da poetikiT axlos dganan
pirveli bavSvis dabadebasTan dakavSirebuli dResaswaulis simRerebi,
romlebic solistisa da gundis antifoniT sruldeba (ix. danarTi # 134).
aqac zogjer es simRerebi akvnis simRerebad gamoiyeneba: erTi
Semsruleblis mier sruldeba orive partia. rogorc viciT, msgavs faqtebs
saqarTveloSic vxvdebiT. gavixsenoT saZeobo `mze Sinasa~ da `es akvani
xaratulis~ daZinebis procesSi Sesrulebis faqtebi.
daRestanSi Zeobis saojaxo zeimis kulminacia iyo bavSvis Cawvena
sarwevela sawolSi, romelic saCuqrebTan erTad dedis axloblebs
mohqondaT. amave dRes arqmevdnen bavSvs saxels. pirvelad bavSvs sawolSi
awvenda ufrosi qali (bebia an dideda) mamis mxridan da mReroda saakvno
simReras `gardla dalais~ (rwevis simRera) saxeliT, romelic
warmoadgenda Selocvas, mimarTvas RvTaebisadmi. Tavis mxriv, am RvTaebas
damxmareebi hyavda akvnisa da Zilis RvTaebebis saxiT (sixaruliZe, 2006: 30-
31).
ganviTarebuli agraruli kulturis mqone sazogadoebaSi bavSvis
dabadebas, misi sicocxlis pirvel Tveebs, pirvel wlebs uamravi magiuri
qmedeba (rogorc individualuri, ise koleqtiuri) axlda Tan, rac uwinares
yovlisa, Seucnobeli movlenebisadmi SiSiT iyo ganpirobebuli. xalxis
rwmeniT, swored axalSobilobis periodSi iyo gansakuTrebiT Zlieri da
saSiSi boroti sulebis zemoqmedeba, rac bavSvisaTvis Zilis gafrTxobaSic
vlindeboda.
movitan Cem mier Cawerili qarTluri `SeSinebulze Selocvis~ teqsts,
romelic ZiriTadad daZinebis win butbutiT (luRluRiT, xan CurCuliT
iTqmeba Semlocvelis (mkurnalis) mier samjer:
`saxelo RvTisa, mamisa da Zisa!
uJamuri modioda, uJamuri cisa.
daxvda deda mariami da qriste RmerTi.
_sad midixar uJamuro, uJamuro cisa?
_ mivdivar (bavSvis saxeli)-s janSia,
sisxlis sasmelad, xorcis saWmelad,

69
 janis sakvneseblad, Zilis safrTxoblad.
_ ara, mama, Zema da suliwmindam,
Aar gagiSveb (bavSvis saxeli)-s janSia!
sisxlis sasmelad, xorcis saWmelad,
janis sakvneseblad, Zilis safrTxoblad.
Semogixvdebi Cami Savtara daniTa da almasiani piriTa,
dagiWri gulsa da RviZlsa,
dagwvav, dagdagav, migcem zenasa,
wagaRebineb qvenasa,
wadi da iq isaqme, saca udaburi iyos!
ar ismodes arc mamlis yivili,
arc ara zarebis rekva.
RmerTo, Sen daswere pirjvari (bavSvis saxeli) -sa!A~(kalandaZe, 1989)
Aaqve momyavs `bavSvis dasamSvidebeli Selocvis~ asuruli teqstis
zurab kiknaZiseuli Targmani (kiknaZe, 1992: 37). Selocvis Caweris xanaa Zv.
w. aR.-is X saukune. Mminaweridan irkveva, rom igi Zilispiruli simReraa:
`bneleTis mkvidrma datova bneleTi,
mzis Suqis saWvretad gamosula.
_ ratom Wirveulobs? _ tiris deda,
cad anTus mimarT cremli eRvreba.
_ es visi xmaa, miwaSi rom ismis?
Tu ZaRlia, lukma gadaugdon,
Tu frinvelia, sakenki dauyaron,
Tu Wirveulia, katis naSobi,
anus da anTus Selocva Seulocon,
rom mamam iZinos, Zili daasrulos,
dedam, mqsovelma qsova daasrulos~.
vinc icnobs qarTuli magiuri poeziis simbolikas, mxatvrul
metyvelebas, Sinaarsobriv-saxeobriv samyaros da, aqedan gamomdinare,
arqiteqtonuli wyobis Taviseburebebs: dasawyisi formula, dialogi,
CamoTvla, borotis gandevna, dasasrulis formulebi (gagulaSvili, 1986),
misTvis naTelia am Selocvebis msgavseba.

70
 aRsaniSnavia isic, rom orive Selocvas axlavs Semlocvelis xelis
moZraobebi. asurulSi bavSvis sawolTan sagangebod dadebul purs Tavidan
fexebamde gadaatareben da ZaRls gadaugdeben. qarTulSi ki, Savtariani
daniT ixazeba wre, romlidanac gadagdebis (xelis Caqnevis) JestiT xdeba
borotis dandevna. qarTul Selocvas xelis sxva moZraobebic axlavs.
Tanac, sagulisxmoa, rom isini pirdapir Sinaarsobriv kavSirSia teqstis
calkeul monakveTTan. dasawyisSi (dialogis damTavrebamde) xdeba
dapirispirebuli mxareebis gamijvna (marjvniv – marcxniv, an zeviT - qveviT).
Amas mosdevs wris Semoxazva, wridan borotis gandevna da bolos,
warmosaxviT wreSi jvris ornamentis Caxazva.
rogorc viciT, es umartivesi geometriuli figurebi gansakuTrebul
adgils ikaveben uZveles qarTul (da ara marto qarTul) saweso grafikaSi.
dedaboZze, avejze, WurWelze, ritualur sakvebze, tansacmelze maT
gamoyenebas mkvlevrebi mfarveli magiiT xsnian (bardaveliZe, v. 1953;
bardaveliZe, v. da Citaia, g. 1956; bezaraSvili, 1973; bedukiZe, 1970;
mosuliSvili, 1993; patariZe, 1980). isini mTavar figurebs warmoadgenen
qarTul qmediT dinamikasa da qoreografiaSi (gvaramaZe, 1997). vfiqrob,
amasve unda ukavSirdebodes erTi musikaluri frazis mravalgzis
Semobruneba, triali, anu xmis saSualebiT aseTive wris Sekvra. cikluri
ganmeorebadobis saSualebiT xorcieldeba agreTve mudmivi ganaxleba,
aRorZineba, kvdomisa da axlis dabadebis erTianoba, rac magiuri
msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTad maorganizebel, formaqmnad saSualebadaa
miCneuli (baRaSvili, 2005: 15).
magiuri semantikis mqone ornamentebTan kavSiri naTlad vlindeba
dasaZinebeli `nanas~ teqstebSi xSirad ganmeorebul sityvebSi `genacvale~,
`Semogevle~ (lazuri `gogixTas~, an `gogaWaras~ _ iTargmneba, rogorc
Semogewere, Semogexaze, igivea megruli `qogale~).
amasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania nacvalobis koncefcia qarTul
miTosSi. momakvdav adamians enacvleba sxva vinme da kvdeba mis magivrad.
irakli surgulaZis mier garkveulia, rom qarTuli gamoTqmebi `genacvale~,
`Semogevle~, `Wirime~ im ritualebidan momdinareobs, romlebSic mSobeli
cdilobda Canacvleboda mZime saxadian avadmyofs. `Semovlebis~ principi
damowmebulia xalxur yofaSi arsebul ritualur qmedebebSi, roca

71
avadmyofs Tavze Semoavleben samsxverplo frinvels, sagans, an cxovels
(surgulaZe, 2003: 169-174). afxazebTan SemorCenil mSobiarobis Semdgomi
periodis ritualSi sagangebod mowveuli qali locvis wakiTxvis Semdeg
mamliT xelSi gars uvlida akvans. Sewirul frinvels mxolod bavSvis
mSoblebi Wamdnen. mlocveli qali mrgvali formis qadebs dedas mkerdze
da Cvils Wipze adebda, raTa aRar astkenodaT. giorgi garayaniZe
`Semovlebis~ principis pirdapir asaxvas `batonebis~ msaxurebisas
avadmyofis sawolis irgvliv axloblebis gars SemovlaSic xedavs
(garayaniZe, g. 2008: 171).
rogorc saqarTveloSi SemorCenili sagangebo wes-Cveulebebi da
maTTan dakavSirebuli folkloruli masala gvidasturebs, mSvidi Zili
gansakuTrebul fiziologiur mdgomareobad iyo miCneuli. eqspediciebSi
gamokiTxvisas qalebi dResac xSirad usvamen xazs mSvidi Zilis faqtors.
`nanas~ amboben ara mxolod Zilis mosagvrelad, aramed imisaTvis, rom
bavSvma mSvidad CaiZinos.
m. qurmuxelis informaciiT `zili dedai~ (Zilis deda) ingilos
warmodgenaSi dedakacis msgavsi arseba iyo, romelsac hqonda Zilis
momgvreli Zala: `uwin yofil dedakaci minmsgavs adamiani, remenic natir
ymawvilevs azinevs~. roca ymawvili ar daiZinebda, akvnis damrwevi etyoda:
`RmerTo, Sen zili dedao! Eem ymawvils ver vazineb, Senc iyo er Cara
(Svela) qen~. deda akvans arwevs da `eem darwevaSi naÁ, naÁY etyvis~.
`daÁzin, Silo, daÁzin,
daÁzin, bala, daÁzin,
turai maasleli, daÁzin,
SenTav SiWmeli, daÁzin,
naÁna qen, Silo, naÁna,
duSmni Tol gamohTxar, naÁna,
mama maasleli, naÁna,
CiCi maaReli, naÁna,
naÁna qen, Silo, naÁna!~
mRerian sxva variantebsac. erT-erTi aseTia:
`daÁzin, Zilo, daÁzin!
daÁzinzil, deda, daÁzin,

72
 turai maasvleli Sen Tav SiWmeli,
daÁzin, bala, daÁzin,
daÁzin, deda, daÁzin,
mamaY maasleli, CiCi maaReli,
naÁna Sen, Silo, naÁna,
diSmni Tol gamohTxar, naÁna~.
Tu yrmam am nanaze ar daiZina, amboben `eemas zili dedai
gadahxorwni~, e. i. Zilis deda gadaxvewia, gascliao (qurmuxeli, 1985: 4).
sainteresoa is faqti, rom saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelosagan
mowyvetil am regionSi SemorCenilia turasTan dakavSirebuli motivi,
romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos `nanebisaTvis~ tipur movlenas
warmoadgens.
sagulisxmoa, rom Zilis RvTaebis motivi svanur zRaprebSic gvxvdeba.
Aamiranis erT-erTi naTlia wminda giorgisTan da mTavarangelozTan erTad
Zilia (uJ). sami gzis gasayarze datovebul mozvris tyavSi gaxveul
naTluls isini Sesabamisad akvans, xangarsa da Zils aCuqeben (Tofuria,
1939: 91-92).
bavSvTa nevrologiuri klinikis xelmZRvanelis, bakur kotetiSvilis
azriT, Zilisadmi interesi dasabamidanve arsebobda. am idumalebiT mocul
mdgomareobaSi `gadasvla~ yovelTvis badebda uamrav mosazrebas. swored am
mosazrebaTa nayofad miaCnia mas ZilTan dakavSirebuli auracxeli
legenda, Tqmuleba, miTi, romelic dRemdea Semonaxuli sxvadasxva xalxis
folklorsa da tradiciaSi. `adamiani darwmunda, rom Zili iseve
aucilebelia, rogorc sunTqva. Tumca, gaurkvevloba im mdgomareobisa,
romelsac Zil-sizmari hqvia, badebda SiSs, ridsa da garkveulwilad
mowiwebasac. iqamde, rom Zili da sikvdili xSir SemTxvevaSi gaigivebulic
ki iyo~ (kotetiSvili, 2002:54). sayuradReboa gamoTqmebi: `miiZina –
gardaicvala, `iZine maradiuli ZiliT!~, `daiZina da ver gaiRviZa~, `mkvdari
saaTi~ da sxv. berZnuli miTologiis mixedviT qaosma Sva niuqta (Ramis
RvTaeba). Nniuqtam Sva hipnosi _ Zili da Tanatosi _ sikvdili (Zili da
sikvdili berZnul miTosSic Zmebad arian warmodgenili). hipnosis Svilia
morfevsi _ sizmris RvTaeba. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, ZilTan da
daZinebasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva eTnosSi Seqmnili iyo sistema,

73
romelic adamians CaZinebas uadvilebda, uzrunvelyofda mSvid Zilsa da
sasurvel sizmrebs.
bakur kotetiSvilisaTvis Zilis problema met simZafres iZens bavSvTa
asakTan dakavSirebiT. `Zil-RviZili, mozrdilebisagan gansxvavebiT,
bavSvebSi sxva saxiT aris warmodgenili. magaliTad, mozrdils sZinavs
daaxloebiT 8 saaTi. AaxalSobils 20-22 saaTi. Aasakis matebasTan erTad
mcirdeba sadReRamiso Zilis xangrZlivoba. bavSvis mSvidi Zili rom
janmrTelobis garantiaa, kargad icodnen Cvenma winaprebma. es codna
empiriulad gadaecemoda Taobidan Taobas. dResac gaigonebT: bavSvi ZilSi
izrdebao. avadmyof bavSvze ityvian: daiZinos da ZilSi gamoSuSdebao da
a.S.~ (kotetiSvili, 2002: 54-55). gasuli saukunis 70-ian ww. dadginda, rom
samototropuli anu zrdis hormonis maqsimaluri gamomuSaveba Rrma Zilis
fazaSi xdeba da rogorc ki irRveva Zili, maSinve icvleba am hormonis
gamomuSavebis donec (Sessin, J., Parker, D., Mace, L. 1969: 513-515; Takahashi, Y., Kipnis,
O., Doughadey, W. 1968:1079. citirebisaTvis vsargeblob kotetiSvilis zemoT
dasaxelebuli naSromiT).
kaxi rosebaSvilis zepiri cnobiT, 1965 w. TuSeTSi aseTi rituali
tardeboda: saRamos qalebi specialur kaJis qvebze kakuniT afrTxobdnen av
sulebs, romlebic xels uSlidnen bavSvs daZinebaSi. wignSi `qarTuli
musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~ iv. javaxiSvils mohyavs cnoba
guriaSi Congurze `Zilad mosvlis wyobis~ arsebobis Sesaxeb (javaxiSvili,
1938: 280). organologiaSi kakuni, tyapuni, braxuni da sxv. sakravieri musikis
genezisis TvalsazrisiT fuZemdeblur movlenebadaa miCneuli (Земцовский,
1987). ase rom, bavSvis daZinebis qarTul ritualSi sakravis (fanduris,
Conguris, Wuniris) arsebobas sakmaod Rrma fesvebi SeiZleba hqondes da
misi funqcia mxolod TanxlebiT ar unda Semoifarglebodes. Tu imasac
gavixsenebT, sakravze dakvras unayofo xis, avadmyofi bavSvis, saqonlis,
uSvilo qalis samkurnalodac mimarTavdnen, gansakuTrebiT Wirveuli
bavSvis dasamSvideblad masze dakvra savsebiT bunebriv faqtad unda
miviCnioT.
mTels saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli Selocva, romelsac daZinebis
win warmoTqvamen:
`davwvebi, dameZineba,

74
 pirjvari damewereba,
cxra xati, cxra angelozi
sasTumals damesveneba
jvari mwyalobdes jvarcmuli,
me ras maklebs macduri,
mwyalobs wminda giorgi,
jvari patiosani ~ (Caw. 1982 w. sof. zomleTSi, marina xuxunaiSvilis
mier)
dResac krZalaven xolme mZinare bavSvis erTi adgilidan meore
gadayvanas. mTels saqarTveloSi wesad iyo Zilis win zRaprebis moyola,
Selocvebis warmoTqma. qristianuli epoqidan moyolebuli, amis
paralelurad sagangebod ikiTxeboda `Zilad misvlis~ locvebi. dRemde
SemorCenil SelocvebSi saocradaa Serwymuli warmarTuli da qristianuli
siuJetebi Tu simbolika. Yyovelive es naTlad adasturebs e.w. damcavi,
mfarveli magiis gamoyenebas, romelic axalSobilisa da misi dedis, an
Tundac uZilobiT daavadebuli mozrdili adamianis keTildReobas
uzrunvelyofda. vfiqrob, rom `Zilispiruli nanac~, uwinares yovlisa, am
mizniT sruldeboda.
kaxi rosebaSvilis azriT, saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi bavSvis
dasaZinebeli nimuSebis Cawera garkveul sirTuleebs ukavSirdeba. rogorc
irkveva, svaneTSi, xevSi, mTiuleTSi, TuSeTSi da sxvagan mizezi
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom `xalxis warmodgeniT dedis nanas magiuri
mniSvneloba da Zala aqvs, romliTac igi Svils av sulebs ufrTxobs,
awynarebs da aZinebs mas. amitomac dedas ar surs gaandos sxvas Tavisi
Svilis dasaZinebeli nana~ (rosebaSvili, 1982 : 24-25). qalebs eSiniaT, rom
amiT bavSvi gaiTvaleba, xSirad uars acxadeben _ `nana ar vicio~. erT-erT
mTqmels uTqvams: `bavSvs ise vumRer, rom ojaxis wevrebmac ki ar unda
gaigono~. am mizeziT mkvlevars Zalian gasWirvebia TuSeTsa da svaneTSi
akvnis `nanas~ Cawera.
magiuri msoflaRqma yvela xalxis, maT Soris qarTveli eris
istoriaSi msoflmxedvelobriv-esTetikuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
erTerTi adreuli stadiaa. giorgi baRaSvilis azriT, mas totaluri,
yovlismomcveli xasiaTi unda hqonoda (baRaSvili, 2005: 24). magiuri

75
musikalur-esTetikuri arqetipis damaxasiaTebel niSnad mkvlevars
ganmeorebadoba, erTgvarovneba da reglamenturoba miaCnia. es Tvisebebi
bavSvis dasaZinebeli `nanas~ mxatvruli modelirebis ganmsazRvrel
principebs warmoadgenen. magiuri mizanmimarTulebis gamovlena ucilobels
xdis am Janris tradiciuli saweso folklorisadmi mikuTvnebas.
did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen Zilidan gamosvlis, gamoRviZebis
processac. sainteresoa, rom zogierT xalxSi, magaliTad komis CrdiloeT
nawilSi mcxovreb eTnikur jgufebSi deda simReriT ara marto aZinebs,
aramed aRviZebs kidec Tavis pirmSos (Алексеев, 1986: 8). sxvaTa Soris, aseTi
nimuSebi saingilosa da fSavSic aRmoCnda (1987 w. ioseb Jordaniasa da 1992
w. qeTevan baiaSvilis saeqspedicio masala).
bavSvis dabadebidan erTi-ori Tvis Semdeg, an ufro adrec, xSirad ki
dedis `loginobis periodis~ gasvlis Semdeg samegreloSi ixdidnen
`bavSvis dalocvas~. xalxSi iseTi rwmena iyo, rom Tu am rituals ar
gadaixdidnen, bavSvi kargad ver gaizrdeboda. `bavSvis dalocvis~ gadaxda
marxvis dReebSi, agreTve orSabaTs, oTxSabaTs, paraskevsa da kviras ar
SeiZleboda. moiwvevdnen dedfanias (bebiaqals) da im qalebs, romlebic
mSobiarobas eswrebodnen. . . klavdnen qaTams, Tikans. aucilebeli iyo goWis
dakvla, radgan misi Tavi dedfaniasaTvis unda mierTmiaT. gamoacxobdnen
xuT kvers, romelSic Cadebuli iyo saklavis Signeuli. dedfanias
axvedrebdnen or sanTels, romelsac vinme moxuc qals Camoaqnevinebdnen da
puris marcvlebs. Ddedfania nakurTxi wyliT daibanda xels, dajdeboda
patara skamze, daidgamda akvans gverdiT da dedas daaCoqebda Calaze. mas
erTmaneTze mityupebul xelis mtevnebSi amoutarebda puri marcvals da
kverebs. kverebi dedas unda SeeWama, puris marcvlebi ki ojaxSi rCeboda. . .
bavSvs TeTr mitkalSi gaaxvevdnen. dedfania aanTebda sanTels, romelsac
bavSvis dedasa da akvans marjvnidan marcxniv Semoavlebda da
dailoceboda:`mordeeda jgiri boSi moordaq, onjRore vaiWkomudas,
sasaxelo mordeedaq, irkoCi jgiri qorundas~ (gaizarde kargi biWi, an
gogo, sircxvili ar geWamos, sasaxelo gazrdiliyavi da yvela kargad
gyolodes), an `Cqimi xeSi munaTxumas ufendebudas, aTasi qoowvedas~ (Cemi
xelis mokidebuli gamravlebuliyos, aTasi gamxdariyos), an kidev `fuZe
nerCi, bedineri qoofudas, ZuZu kidiri bedineri qoofudas, baRana

76
omorduale, muTeni kidi do mizezi vemeCamudas, xolo mordoledas,
janmrTeloba qime unafudas~ (fuZe bednieri iyos, ZuZumkerdi bednieri
qondes, bavSvi RmerTma gagizardos, araferi nakli da mizezi ar micemodes,
gazrdiliyos, janmrTeloba qondes) (kapanaZe, 1986: 34-35).
imereTSi Bbebiaqali da mSobiarobaze damswre qalebi bavSvis
dabadebas dResaswaulobdnen pirvel an mesame dRes. mas `ganatexis
gatexvas~ an `bavSvis samlocvelos~ eZaxdnen, rac igive `Zeobas~ niSnavda.
ojaxis wevri gamoacxobda did xaWapurs, romelsac `deda RvTisas
xaWapuri~ ewodeboda. mas zustad imden nawilad gatexdnen (daWra ar
SeiZleboda), ramdeni damswrec iyo. es xaWapuri ise unda SeeWamaT, rom arc
erTi namceci ar dakarguliyo _ bavSvs avnebso. anTebdnen sanTlebs da
madlobas ambobdnen qalisa da bavSvis keTildReobisaTvis. naTela
kapanaZis azriT, imeruli `Zeoba~ nayofierebis kultis niSnebs atarebs,
romlis aRmsruleblebad mxolod qalebi gvevlinebian (iqve, 35). `Zeobis~
gadaxda aucilebeli iyo, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi bavSvi ugono gamovidoda.
qarTl-kaxeTSi `Zeoba~ qalis mSobiarobis mesame dRes imarTeboda.
aqac mxolod qalebs patiJebdnen. qarTlSi dedamTili akeTebda `muclis
fafas~ simindis an puri fqvilisagan da aWmevdnen imas, vinc mSobiarobas
eswreboda.
xevsureTSi am nadims `xelebze asasxmeli~ ewodeboda. mesame, mexuTe
an mecxre dRes `samrelodan~ Semosuli meloginis ojaxs `xelebze
asasxmeli~ unda gaemarTa. fSavSi `saRmTos~ mxolod vaJisaTvis ixdidnen,
roca bavSvs erTi weli Seusruldeboda.
guriaSi mSobiarobis merve dRes ician `loginis aReba~, anu `miwis
gajereba~, romelzec mxolod qalebs iwveven. amas afxazeTSi `agliax~ hqvia
(bardaveliZe, v. 1928: 224).
naTela kapanaZis daskvniT, `yvela es wes-Cveuleba xalxSi met-
naklebad daculi warmarTuli msaxurebis naSTia, romlis aRmsruleblebad
ZiriTadad qalebi gamodian~ (kapanaZe, n. 1986: 36).
es ritualebi gankuTvnili iyo imisaTvis, rom bavSvi janmrTeli da
dRegrZeli gazrdiliyo, esaxelebina mSoblebi da sazogadoeba, yvareboda
Tavisi samSoblo. dalocviT unergavdnen yovelive amas misi cxovrebis
pirvelive dReebidanve. marTalia, Cven ara gvaqvs xelT am dalocvebis

77
fonoCanawerebi, magram savaraudod, maT aucileblad intonaciuri
reCitaciis saxe eqneboda. garda amisa, dalocvis verbaluri mxare, misi
semantikuri erTeulebi dedis yoveldRiur nanaSic gadadioda, rasac
adasturebs akvnis `nanas~ zogierTi varianti.
magaliTad, sergi makalaTias mier xevSi Cawerili nimuSi, romelSic
tradiciuli dalocva-damwyalobebis striqonebia SeWrili:
`nanina, nana, genacvale,
nanas getyvi gesmode,
Tolebs Zili gesxmodes,
angelozni garwevdes,
tredni nanas getyodes,
nanina, nana, nanina,
pirma daglocas RvTisaman,
nawilma barZimisaman
lomisam Tormewamema,
patronma aragvisama,
ma berma wminda samebam,
patronma xmeleTisaman,
ivane naTlismcemelma,
patronma balRebisaman,
ma baxtris wminda givargim,
patronma mgzavrebisaman,
nanina, nana, nanina
baRCaSi Caval CavimReri,
xelT miWirav kalaTai
yovils imaCi movkrifav,
Sen ki genacvalebi,
magi SavCa TolebCi,
nanina, nana, nanina~ (makalaTia, 1934: 169).
Makvnis nanac aseTive dalocva iyo. misi ritualuri funqcia, saweso
mizanmimarTulebaAamgvari dalocvebis teqstebiTac mJRavndeba.
sxvaTa Soris, am mxriv akvnis simRerebi gamonakliss ar warmoadgens.
samkurnalo `iavnanas~ verbalur masalaSic gvxvdeba dalocvebisaTvis da

78
sadideblebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli semantikuri erTeulebi. magaliTad,
moxeur `iavnanaSi~:
`naTlismcemlis samsa dasa, iavnanineo,
zurgT akvni hkidiao, iavnanineo,
Sig uwvanan oqros burTi, iavnanineo,
zed hyria ia da vardi, iavnanineo,
dideba naTlismcemelsa, iavnanineo,
dideba kvireRvTisSvilsa, iavnanineo~ (Ciqovani, 1979: 126)
magiuri mizanmimarTulebis TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas ipyrobs
zogierTi qarTuli dasaZinebeli nimuSis intonaciuri leqsikis msgavseba
mosagonar tirilTan an simRera-tirilTan (ix. danarTi, mag. #83, 87).
emociuri ganwyobiT, xasiaTiT musikaluri masala marTlac identuria,
rasac ver vityviT sityvier teqstebze. rusul folklorSi zogierT
dasaZinebel nimuSSi bavSvs sikvdils usurveben, raSic mecnierebi
sapirispiro magiis gamoyenebas xedaven. zogierT moxeur `nanaSic~ aris
mimarTvis iseTi formebi, rogoricaa `Se masakvdomo, daiZine!
dasapirqvavebo, daSavdi, dabneldi!~ (ix. audiodanarTi, #2), romelic
cxadia, aseTive sawinaaRmdego mniSnelobis Semcvelia. E
Zilisa da maradiuli Zilis gaigivebis TvalsazrisiT sagulisxmoa
Semdegi faqtebic: cnobili megreli momRerlisa da lotbaris rema
Selegias axalgazrda vaJis dakrZalvis dRes remas erT-erTma qaliSvilma
Zmas `nana~ umRera (kalandaZe da uruSaZe, 2003: 15). guruli sasimRero
skolis didostatma varlam simoniSvilma sikvdilis win (1950 w.) Tavisi
moswavle _ kukuri iablonski daibara da Congurze `iavnanas~ Sesruleba
sTxova (kalandaZe da uruSaZe, 2004:79).
Mmagiur funqciasTan gadajaWvulia samkurnalo daniSnuleba. mSvidi,
tkbili Zili bavSvis janmrTelobis, misi normaluri zrdis, fizikuri da
gonebrivi ganviTarebis sawindaria. `Zili yvelafris wamalia~, `ZilSi
bavSvi izrdeba~. dasaZineblad, dasamSvideblad namReri `nana~
garkveulwilad samkurnalo Selocvacaa. rogorc viciT, qarTvel qalTa
repertuarSi Sedis agreTve, erTxmiani, an mravalxmiani ritualuri
`iavnana~, romlis daniSnuleba bavSvis infeqciuri daavadebebisagan
gankurnebaa. igi avadmyofi bavSvis sawolis an oTaxis irgvliv SemovliT

79
sruldeboda ojaxis wevrebis, an sagangebod mowveuli Semsruleblebis
mier da xSirad simebiani sakravis (fanduris, Conguris, an Wuniris)
TanxlebiT imRereboda (amis Sesaxeb vrclad ix. zumbaZe, 2005: 115-128).
samkurnalo `iavnanasaTvis~ ar aris ucxo damSvidebis, daZinebisa da akvnis
Tematika.
aqedan gamomdinare, ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi `akvnis nanasa~ da
samkurnalo `iavnanas~ daaxloeba-gaigiveba. saerTo semantikuri erTeulebis
arsebobis gamo, maT Soris msgavseba Zalze bunebrivi da, SeiZleba iTqvas,
Tavidanve ganpirobebulia.
`nanas~ da `iavnanas~ funqciuri sxvaoba ZiriTadad verbalur
teqstebSi vlindeba. Zilispirulis umartivesi nimuSebi zogjer saerTod
usityvod _ `a~ xmovanze sruldeba. xan ki, Tavidan bolomde erTi sityva
`nanaa~ gamRerebuli. vrcel poetur teqstebSi aqcenti Zilisaken
mowodebaze, Svilis moferebaze, bavSvur samyaroze, mis bednier momavalze,
istoriul, socialur Tu patriotul motivebzea gadatanili. rac Seexeba
samkurnalo `iavnanas~, masSi yuradReba avadmyofobis momtan `batonebze~,
maTi keTilganwyobis mopovebazea gamaxvilebuli. aqve moixsenieba
miTologiuri simboloebi _ oqros akvani, yvavilebi, alvis xe (sicocxlis
xe), iagundis marani da sxv.
vfiqrob, situaciaTa msgavseba (sawolSi mwoli patara), iribi
Sinaarsobrivi kavSiri (mSvidi Zili bavSvis janmrTelobis aucilebeli
pirobaa) gansazRvravs dasaZinebeli `nanasa~ da samkurnalo `iavnanas~
musikalur-saxeobriv identurobas, intonaciur da verbalur formulaTa
msgavsebas, metrul-ritmuli suraTis siaxloves, mSvid, zomier temps, rbil
saSemsruleblo maneras, rac zogjer xalxSi saxelwodebebis aRrevasa da
ori, funqciurad gansxvavebuli nimuSis gaigivebas ganapirobebs.
qalis socialur mdgomareobasTan, bavSvis movla-aRzrdasTan
dakavSirebuli mdidari istoriul-eTnografiuli masala SesaniSnavad
adasturebs e. w. mfarveli magiis arsebobas, romelic axalSobilisa da
misi dedis keTildReobas uzrunvelyofs. uZvelesi civilizaciebis
msgavsad, qarTveli xalxic uxsovari droidan mimarTavda musikas, rogorc
efeqtur arawamlismier samkurnalo saSualebas. zepiri da werilobiTi
wyaroebis, Zveli qarTuli samedicino Txzulebebis Seswavlam naTeli

80
mohfina xalxuri meloTerapiis arsebobas da mkvlevrebs eqsperimentebis
Catarebis saSualebac misca (dadiani, 1993). Bbolo dros eqimebic weren
Zveli qarTuli xalxuri da Tanamedrove sensoruli meTodebiT
mkurnalobis msgavsebaTa Sesaxeb (odiSaria, nozaZe da sabaxtriSvili,
1992).
qarTuli dasaZinebeli `nana~ musikaluri Terapiis SesaniSnavi
saSualebaa. qalis xmiT xdeba gare sivrcisagan, xmaurisagan bavSvis smenis
gamijvna, misi erT wertilSi koncentrireba. iqmneba xmiT Semofargluli
`intonaciuri wre~, romelic damamSvideblad moqmedebs bavSvis
fsiqoemociur samyaroze da realurad uwyobs xels mSvidad CaZinebas.
A akvnis simRera aris kodi, romelsac ara marto Cvilamde miqvs
cxovrebiseulad mniSvnelovani informacia, aramed universaluri
Terapevtuli saSualeba, romelic gansazRvravs mis janmrTelobas mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze. tiumenis erT-erT klinikaSi Catarebuli
eqsperimentebiT dadasturda, rom akvnis simRera dadebiTad moqmedebs Tavis
tvinis struqturisa da funqciis darRvevaze, sunTqvis ritmis darRvevaze,
guliscemis sixSireze, kuWnawlavis motorikis darRvevaze, udReuri
bavSvebis ganviTarebaze, wonis matebaze, motorul da sametyvelo
defeqtebze. kargad moqmedebs TviT dedazec. emociur ganmuxtvas, gancdaTa
Semsubuqebas uwyobs xels, aumjobesebs laqtacias. specialistebi urCeven
dReSi 2-3jer mReras 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi (Кривошеев, 2006-2008).
adiReli mkvlevrebi miiCneven, rom dasaZinebel simReras
avadmyofobisa da xifaTisagan unda daecva bavSvebi (Налоев, 1980). MmaTi
azriT, es daniSnuleba brZanebiTi kilos sityvier formulebSia
gacxadebuli. qarTul `nanaSic~ mravladaa aseTi formulebi. MmagaliTad,
`daiZine, daiZine, TeTri bedi SaiZine~ (xevsuruli). samkurnalo semantika
pirdapir mJRavndeba iseT sityvebSi, rogoricaa `dagewamle~, `genacvale~,
`Seni Wiri me~.
amrigad, erTxmiani Zilispiruli `nana~ arqauli Janria. magiuri,
samkurnalo, komunikaciuri, praqtikuli, esTetikuri, eTikur-
aRmzrdelobiTi mizanmimarTuleba misi erTi didi sinkretuli funqciis
sxvadasxva dones warmoadgens. cnobilia, rom istoriuli ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva safexurze xalxuri simReris funqciis romelime donea

81
privilegirebuli. es damokidebulia socialur formaciaze, sarwmunoebriv
faqtorebze, esTetikur, eTikur da sxva kriteriumebze. aqve aRvniSnav, rom
funqciis erT-erTi donis wina planze wamoweva srulebiTac ar gulisxmobs
danarCenebis mTlianad ugulebelyofas. magaliTad, magiuri funqciis
primati ar gamoricxavs esTetikur sawyiss. aqedan unda momdinareobdes
yvela is semantikuri erTeuli, romelic qarTul `nanaSi~ SeiZleba
aRmovaCinoT. dasaZinebeli nimuSebis poeturi teqstebis analizma
gamoavlina sakuTriv am Janris tipuri Tematika: keTili Zalebisadmi
mimarTva, borotis gafrTxoba, Txovna, vedreba, Zilisaken mowodeba, bavSvis
SeSineba, gajavreba, mofereba, damSvideba-dateveba, dalocva _ uZvelesi
droidan momdinare saxeobrivi sferoebi, romlebic qarTuli dasaZinebeli
nimuSebis sityvierma teqstebma dRemde Semogvinaxa. SemdgomSi wina planze
gamodis utilitaruli funqcia, ramac xeli Seuwyo dasaZinebeli simReris
Janris fenomenis SenarCunebas. melodeklamaciasTan axlos mdgomi, bgeraTa
patara nakrebis mqone monotonuri hangi marTlac dadebiT zegavlenas
axdenda bavSvis fsiqikaze. dedis gancdebisa da grZnobebis farto speqtrs
daemata sabavSvo da zRapruli siuJetebi, istoriuli da socialuri
Tematika, patriotizmisa da gmiruli Tavganwirvis motivebi,
Tavisuflebisaken swrafva, saTayvanebeli `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebis
idealizacia.
`nanasaTvis~ tradiciul (magram ara tipur) teqstebad unda miviCnioT
agreTve, samkurnalo `iavnanadan~ da akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis ritualuri
ferxulidan, Selocvebidan, dalocvebidan, sabavSvo leqsebidan
gadmosuli teqstebi.AN

82
 Tavi III

`nanas~ intonaciuri da artikulaciuri Taviseburebani

$ 1. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTa

bavSvis dasaZinebeli nimuSis intonaciuri da artikulaciuri

Taviseburebebis Seswavlas aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kuTxeTaA
`nanebiT~ daviwyeb. msgavsi geografiuli pirobebis, istoriuli warsulis,
socialuri wyobis, sameurneo saqmianobisa da tradiciebis gamo, maT
musikalur Semoqmedebas da, cxadia, `nanas~, saerTo niSnebi aqvs.
nimuSTa saxelwodebad `nanasTan~ erTad xevis, mTiuleTisa da
gudamayris variantebSi gvxvdeba `nani~, xevsurulSi `nano~, `nane~ `QeQe,
nano~, `QeQe, ruro~, `QeQe Tao, nano, nano~. `QeQia~ _ (`nano~) xevsurul
dialeqtSi bavSvis enaze logins niSnavs (WinWarauli, al. 1960: 293).
dasaZinebel nimuSSi am sityvis arseboba savsebiT bunebriv faqtad unda
miviCnioT. xevsuruli `nanebis~ umravlesoba swored am bgeraTkompleqsiT
iwyeba.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kuTxeebSi mxolod erTxmiani nimuSebia
Cawerili. Tianur masalaSi ori magaliTi safanduro TanxlebiTaa (ix.
audiodanarTi #3) da qarTl-kaxuri, `iavnanad~ wodebuli dasaZinebeli
simRerebis msgavsi.
Cem mier ganxilulia dasaZinebeli `nanas~ 22 xevsuruli, 4 fSauri, 17
moxeuri, 6 mTiuluri, 6 gudamayruli, 14 TuSuri, 7 erwo-Tianuri sasimRero
varianti. sanoto masalisa da audioCanawerebis analizisas viTvaliswineb
mindia Jordanias mier `xevsuruli nanas~ kvlevisas Camoyalibebul Semdeg
parametrebs: diapazoni, bgeraTrigi, mixriloba, metri, ritmuli suraTi,
tempi, formis Taviseburebani. warmodgenil cxrilebSi mxolod zogierTi
maTgania Setanili. calkeul magaliTebze msjelobisas yuradReba
gamaxvilebulia im detalebze, romlebic yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi
mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia. aRniSnul parametrebTan erTad, es SeiZleba iyos
intonaciur kavSirebTan, verbaluri teqstis Sinaarsobriv da struqturul
mxareebTan, artikulaciasTan da tipologiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

83
udavoa, rom garkveul konteqstSi mocemuli es maxasiaTeblebi nimuSTa
arqaulobazec migvaniSneben da evoluciis procesebze dakvirvebis
saSualebasac gvaZleven.

xevsureTi

rogorc viciT, sazogadod, arqaul formaTaA dacvis yvelaze didi

tradiciiT xevsuruli musikaluri dialeqti gamoirCeva. marTalia,
mecnierebs miaCniaT, rom `nana~ xevsurul dialeqtSi yvelaze daxvewili
simReraa, magram am kuTxis dasaZinebelma nimuSebma Semogvinaxes mxatvruli
azrovnebis uZvelesi formebi, romlebSic `simReramdeli~ periodis
gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa kvals vxedavT.
xevsuruli `nanebis~ nawili Cawerilia duSeTis r-nis soflebSi
(barisaxo, qobulo da axieli), meore nawili ki TianeTisa da yazbegis r-nis
xevsurul soflebSi (saWure, juTa), rac Sida migraciis pirobebSi
tradiciis SenarCunebaze dakvirvebis saSualebas iZleva. sxva kuTxeSi
gadasaxlebuli, an gaTxovili qalebi, rogorc wesi, TavianTi mSobliuri
`bgeriTi idealis~ erTgulni rCebian xolme. sxvadasxva adgilas sxvadasxva
dros Cawerili xevsuruli `nanas~ nimuSebi, rogorc musikaluri, ise
verbaluri masaliT, erTmaneTis msgavsia.
xevsuruliAakvnis `nanas~ musikaluri ena martivi da gamomsaxvelia. am
kuTxis mamakacebis reCitaciul-deklamaciuri simRerebisagan maT mReradoba
gamoarCevs. melodia ufro xSirad agebulia patara motivebis ganmeorebis
principze, rac magiuri musikalur-esTetikuri azrovnebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad niSan-Tvisebad gvevlineba. verbaluri da
intonaciuri masalis erTgvarovnebaSi mJRavndeba `nanas~ saweso-ritualuri
da utilitaruli mizanmimarTuleba, misi kavSiri konteqsturi garemos im
elementebTan, romlebzec naSromis II TavSi vsaubrobdi. melodia
moklebulia did, mkveTr naxtomebsa da kontrastebs. erTi fraza moicavs
teqstis erT striqons da meordeba mravalgzis. hangi, formis mxriv,
warmoadgens umartives motivs, 2 taqtian frazas, an winadadebas, zogan 4
taqtian muxls, romelic ZiriTadad sunTqvis maragis xarjvazea
damokidebuli.

84
 analizi gviCvenebs (ix. cxrili #1), rom xevsureTSi `nanas~ metri
umetesad samwiladi da rwevasTan dakavSirebulia, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
saferxulo moZraobaTa ritmsac uaxlovdeba. tempi zomieri, struqtura
gamokveTili, kvadratulobiT saferxulos msgavsia. ritmuli suraTi
emyareba `iavnanas~ intonaciuri formulisTvis damaxasiaTebel rbil
sinkopas da misi segmentebis danawevrebas.

cxrili #1

# dialeqti Camweri, wyaro dia bger mixri met SeniSv

weli paz. aTri loba ri na
gi
1 xevsuruli m. Jorda- qxmSl 3 triq maJ. samw. Caw.
nia. 1960 ef118-10 ordi 6/8 xevSi
2 ,, ,, 118-11 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,
3/8
3 ,, ,, 118-12 4 tetr ,, samw.
aqor 6/8
di
4 ,, ,, 118-14 5 penta min. ,, ,,
qord aratip.
i
5 ,, ,, 118-8 6 heqsa ,, ,, Caw.
qord xevSi
i.
6 ,, ,, 118-9 5 penta ,, ,, ,,
q.
7 ,, S. mSve- `xm.wars.~ 4 tetr. ,, ,, Caw.
liZe. naw. I-1,69. xevsur
1929 `akv.n.~ eTSi
#2
8 ,, g. Cxikva- `akv.n.~ ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,
Ze. 1953 # 3
9 ,, m. Jorda- ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, Caw.
nia. 1977 #4 12/8 xevSi
10 ,, n. maisu- ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, 6/8 Caw.
raZe. #5 xevs.
1964
11 ,, ,, ,, # 6 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,
12 ,, g. Cxikva- qxmSl 3 triq ,, cval. Caw.
Ze. 1959 ef 75-13 ordi Zir. TianeT
`akv.n.~ 6/8 Si.Aara
#1 tip.
xevs.

85
 Seloc
vis
tipis
13 ,, ,, 77-28 4 tetr. ,, 6/8 Caw.
`akv.n.~ TianeT
#7 Si
14 ,, ,, 77-29 5 penta ,, ,, ,,
`akv.n.~ q.
#8
15 ,, m. Jorda- 77-30 4 tetr. ,, ,, ,,
nia. 1959 `akv.n.~
#9
16 ,, S. mSve- `xm.wars.~ 5 penta ,, ,, ,,
liZe. naw. I-1,51 q.
1929 `akv.n.~
#10
17 ,, ,, ,, I-1,70 7 hepta ,, ,, Caw.
`akv.n.~ q. xevs.
#11
18 ,, ,, ,, I-1,71 6 heqsa ,, ,, ,,
`akv.n.~ q.
#12
19 ,, ,, ,, I-1,57 ,, ,, ,, ,,
`akv.n.~ ,,
#13
20 ,, S. asla- ,, I-7,59 7 hepta ,, ,, Caw.
niSvili. `akv.n.~ q. xevs.
1948 #14
21 ,, i. Jorda- Ee. gara- 2 diqo ,, ,,
nia. 1983 yaniZis r.
dis. #14
22 ,, ,, ,, # 16 7 hepta ,, ,, 12/8 ,,
q.

nino maisuraZe `iavnanas~ intonaciur formulasTan kavSirs mxolod

zogierT xevsurul akvnis `nanaSi~ amCnevs (maisuraZe, 1971: 145-15).
warmodgenili ritmuli suraTi Cem xelT arsebul yvela xevsurul `nanaSi~
gvxvdeba, amitom, vfiqrob, es kavSiri uklebliv yvela maTganSi vlindeba da
igi qarTuli musikaluri fuZe enis daSlamdeli periodis movlenad unda
miviCnioT.
`nanas~ Cauketavi forma Salva mSveliZis CanawerebSi sagangebo niSniT

aris aRniSnuli. Mmis mier dafiqsirebuli cnobili xuTi nimuSis

mosmenis saSualeba lilvakebidan aRdgenili CanawerebiT gaxda

86
SesaZlebeli (`xmebi warsulidan~, naw. I, 2006, kd 1) qarTuli kilouri
wyoba, misi cvalebadi safexurebi, aratemperirebuli buneba smeniTi
analizis dros aSkarad SesamCnevia.
A xevsuruli `nanas~ yvelaze martiv magaliTad mindia Jordanias
mzeqala arabulisagan Cawerili oTxbgeriani nimuSi miaCnia (danarTi, mag. #
2). amJamad xelT gvaqvs ioseb Jordanias mier 1983 wlis eqspediciSi
mopovebuli orbgeriani `nanec~ (danarTi, mag. # 100). niSandoblivia, rom
masSi gadadgmuli pirvelive sekunduri nabiji daRmavali mimarTulebisaa.
qarTuli musikaluri enis daRmavali buneba Seesabameba qarTuli enis,
winadadebis daRmaval wyobas.
xevsurul dialeqtSi gansakuTrebiT xSiria kvartisa da kvintis
diapazonis mqone, ZiriTadad, minoruli mixrilobis intonaciebi (danarTi,
mag. ## 2-10). kvartuli diapazonis mqone nimuSebs Soris mindia Jordanias
yvelaze ganviTarebulad miaCnia nino xornaulis `nane~ (danarTi, mag. # 8),
mesame muxlSi SemoWrili Tavisufali improvizaciuli fragmentis gamo (t.
9-10).
xevsurul dasaZinebel `nanebSi~ aSkaraa kilos safexurebis
TandaTanobiTi aTvisebis procesi. naklebad gvxvdeba seqstis diapazoni
(danarTi, mag. ## 11, 101), xolo xevsuruli melodiisaTvis niSandoblivi
daSveba septimuri bgeridan mxolod Salva aslaniSvilis mier Caweril
nimuSSi Cans (danarTi, mag. # 14). gvxvdeba kadansebi kvartaze (danarTi, mag.
# 7), II safexurze (danarTi, mag. ## 2, 9), terciuli sakadanso svlebi
(danarTi, mag. ## 10, 11, 13), romlebic mindia Jordanias uZvelesi kadansis
gaqvavebul formad miaCnia (Jordania, m. 1975: 34).
xevsuruli dasaZinebeli nimuSebis sityvieri teqstebi refrenebs
(nana, ruro, xuxo), saalerso sityvebs, Zilisaken mowodebas emyareba.
gvxvdeba dalocva (daiZine, TeTri bedi SaiZine!), gawonasworebuli, mSvidi,
idiliuri peizaJis aRwera, sadac Cvilis akvans `angelozebi arweven da
mtredebi uRuRuneben~. striqonebi _ `samkal gaCenilasa, TibiT mayvanilasa~
filologebis azriT, SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos elene maWavarianis mier
mTiuleTSi samkalSi akvniT marto darCenili bavSvis Sesaxeb Caweril
gadmocemasTan (maWavariani, 1957: 275). rogorc Cans, fraza, romelsac
garkveuli (SesaZloa miTologiuri) datvirTva hqonda, gaqvavda da

87
xevsuruli nimuSebis ganuyofel nawilad iqca. xSiria agreTve, strofebi:
`Citi Camastiroda Sakrikisa (Cikrikisa) mTazeda...~, romelic xevsuruli
dialeqtis bavSvTa folkloris popularuli leqsidanaa aRebuli:
`Citi Camatiroda
Cikrikisa mTazeda:
`vai, CemTa budeTa,
Tiba-samklobisaTa,
Sig CamCalTa wiwilTa,
samis kviraisaTa~ (Ciqovani, 1979: 140).
xevsurul nimuSebSi verbaluri teqsti umetesad ar warmoadgens
gariTmul leqss, marcvlebis gamRerebis xarisxic minimaluria, rac maT
siZveleze migvaniSnebs.
gansakuTrebul artikulaciur Taviseburebad unda CaiTvalos
grigol CxikvaZis mier sofel saWureSi 40 wlis nino xornaulisagan
Caweril nimuSSi ori taqtis manZilze Tanxmovani fonemis `r~-s gamRereba
enis vibratoTi (danarTi, mag. # 8). aseTi fragmentebi ufro metad moxeuri
da mTiuluri, iSviaTad fSauri nimuSebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.
amdenad, TianeTSi Cawerili es `nana~ mTis sxvadasxva kuTxis niSan-
Tvisebebs unda aerTianebdes.
vfiqrob, artikulirebis Mmsgavsi xerxi, avi sulebis gafrTxobis
garda (`haruli kudianebsa!~), bavSvis gabruebasac ukavSirdeba. SesaZloa,
megruli mravalxmiani `sisa turas~ misamRerSi amave gagebiT gvxvdebodes
sityva `bruia~.
saerTod, Tanxmovani fonemebis gamRereba qarTuli sasimRero
tradiciis tipologiur Taviseburebas warmoadgens. rogorc wesi,
artikulirebis am xerxs mxolod erTi musikaluri bgeris gamRereba axlavs
xolme da did monakveTebze gamRerebuli Tanxmovnebi mxolod `nanas~
Janris specifikad unda miviCnioT. qarTuli folkloris Janruli sistemis
sxva nawilebSi msgavs SemTxvevas ar vxvdebiT.
xevsurul `nanaSi~ (danarTi, mag. # 13) mindia Jordania mravalxmiani
azrovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel harmoniul funqciebs xedavs: `aRmavali
svla kilos II safexuridan faqtiurad aris aRmavali svla dominantis (VII
saf.) terciidan~ (Jordania, m. 1975:38). socialuri funqciiT gamowveuli

88
erTxmiani dasaZinebeli simReris melodiis tipSi mravalxmiani azrovnebis
principebis arseboba saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi SeimCneva.
Mmindia Jordanias tipur xevsurul nimuSad ar miaCnia sabeda
wiklaurisagan Cawerili `nana~ (danarTi, mag. #1). marTalia, isAxevsuri
qalisagan aqvs Cawerili, magram amCnevs ivrispira fSavisa da qarTlis
gavlenas (Jordania, m. 1975: 20). aRniSnuli `nana~ deklamaciuri tipisaa,
teqsti ar warmoadgensMleqss. zoma cvalebadi, Tavisufalia _ 6/8, 4/8, 7/8,
5/8. hangi mTlianad sityvieri frazebis ritmzea damokidebuli. vlindeba
intonirebis ori done: terciuli triqordis bgerebze warTqma da xmis
gadatana SeZaxiliT zeda registrSi (kvintur bgeraze), romelic
erTmaneTisagan mijnavs araTanabar frazebs (4+3+3+4+2+4 taqt.).
es `nana~ da misi msgavsi yvela nimuSi, faqtobrivad, Selocvis tipis
melodiur formulas warmoadgens da axlosaa `dedos~ saxeliT cnobili
`furis dayvavebis~ intonaciebTan (qvemoT, magaliTi 1-2).

magaliTi 1. dedo (gudamayruli). Caw. 1984 w. ioseb Jordaniam. mTqmeli

magdana Coxeli. notirebuli nino maxaraZis mier.

89
 magaliTi 2. Zroxis wvelisa (fSauri). Caw. qeTevan baiaSvilma.
notirebuli nana valiSvilis mier (ix. mesxi, T. da gabisonia, T. 2005:144).

amgvari nimuSebi wvelis dros iTqmis da maT Zroxis datevebis,

damSvidebis, moferebis funqcia aqvT. msgavsi magaliTebi, aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTis kuTxeebis garda, dafiqsirebulia mesxeTsa (ioseb
Jordanias eqspedicia, 1983 w.) da aWaraSi (malxaz erqvaniZis eqspedicia, 1991
w.). am Selocvis gudamayrul variants (mag. 1) cvalebadi, sityvier teqstze
damokidebuli ritmi, patara diapazoni (ZiriTadad tercia da qveda
sekunda), SeZaxilebi, glisandireba axasiaTebs.
Selocvis tipis nimuSebSi vlindeba kavSiri sociokulturuli
konteqstis im niSnebTan, romlebic mfarveli magiuri funqciiT sxvadasxva
elementis, maT Soris sinkretuli musikaluri qmedebis gamoyenebas
ukavSirdeba. bavSvis daZinebisa da Zroxis wvelis garda, Selocvis tipis

90
intonaciebi gamoiyeneba bavSvis gaRviZebisas, masTan TamaSisas (ix. danarTi,
mag. #86), rac maTi polisemanturobis damadasturebelia.

magaliTi 3. bavSvis gasaRviZebeli (Tianuri), Caw. 1992 w. qeTevan baiaSvilis

mier axalsofelSi (TianeTis r-ni). notirebuli nana valiSvilis mier.

adreuli bavSvobis asakSi mosmenili da ganmtkicebuli intonaciebi

iqcevian bavSvebis musikaluri leqsikonis Semadgenel nawilebad.

91
gaTvlebSi, miTvlebSi, sanadiro joxis dazmnisas, zRaprebSi, saSobao
milocvaSi dedisagan mosmenili da SeTvisebuli musikaluri elementebis
pirdapir gamoyenebas vxedavT (ix. danarTi, mag. ## 72-74; 91, 93). orbgeriani
intonaciis nimuSs warmoadgens raWveli bavSvebisagan Cawerili `sanadiro
joxis dazmna~ (ix. danarTi, mag. #75). nadirobisaTvis, an kakanaTisaTvis
gamosayenebel garkveuli sigrZis joxs bavSvebi am SelocviT amowmeben.
miTvlebs ki Citebze magiuri zemoqmedebis moxdenisa da maxeSi Setyuebis
mizniT amboben.

magaliTi 4. miTvla livlivaze (svanuri). Caw. lentexis raionSi. (ix.

rexviaSvili s. 1968: 120). Camweri da Semsrulebeli ar aris miTiTebuli.

magaliTi 5. miTvla livlivaze (svanuri). Caw. mestiis raionSi. (ix.

rexviaSvili s. 1968: 120. Camweri da Semsrulebeli ar aris miTiTebuli.

92
 umartives 3-4 bgerian hangebSi xdeba qarTuli kilo-intonaciuri
birTvebis warmoqmna, romlebic evoluciis procesSi masalis
TandaTanobiTi garTulebisa da gamravalferovnebis gziT mxatvruli
azrovnebis maRal safexurebs aRwevs.

fSavi

fSauri `nanas~ oTxive nimuSi qeTevan baiaSvilis mopovebulia.

maTTvis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebas warmoadgens glisandirebuli
kadansi, rogorc aRmavali, ise daRmavali mimarTulebiT, SeZaxilebisa da
mdovre, sekunduri SeuRlebis mqone tonebis daRmaval TanmimdevrobaTaA
monacvleoba. fSavSic ganmsazRvreli samwiladi zomaa (danarTi, mag. ## 15-
16 da 102-103).
1980 w. sof artanSi babale kuretiSvilisagan Cawerili `nana~
(danarTi, mag. #16), sityvier teqstze damokidebulebis miuxedavad, mReradi
da metrul-ritmulad mravalferovania. kilos IV safexuris SemomRereba,
cvalebadi III safexuridan tritonuli naxtomi (ix. t. 3) gansakuTrebul
elfersa sZens da gamoarCevs mas ara marto sxva kuTxeTa, aramed TviT
fSavSi mopovebuli nimuSebisaganac. kilos gamdidrebisa da

93
gamravalferovnebis procesi Zilispiruli hangis gansxvavebul
struqturul nairsaxeobas ayalibebs.
E harmoniuli sayrdenebis (I_VII-I) arsebobas gulisxmobs ediSer
garayaniZis mier notirebuli ori FfSauri hangi (danarTi, mag. ## 102-103).
kilos II safexuridan aRmavali intonaciuri formula da misi pasuxi #103
magaliTs `iavnanas~ tipis melodiebTan aaxlovebs.
fSaur `nanebs~ kvinturi CarCo da minoruli mixriloba axasiaTebs
(ix. cxrili # 2).
Svilis silamazis Semkoba, mis momavalze fiqri, qristianuli
dalocvis teqstebi, mofereba da Zilisaken mowodeba am kuTxis
Zilispiruli nimuSebis ZiriTadi Sinaarsobrivi erTeulebia.

cxrili #2

# dialeq Camwer wyaro dia bger mixri met SeniSv

ti i, paz. aTri loba ri na
weli gi
1 fSauri q. baia- `akv.n.~ 5 pent. Mmin. samw. Seloc
Svili. # 15 v.
1986 elemen
t.
2 ,, ,, 1980 ,, #16 6 hept. min. Tav. ,,

3 ,, q. baia- e. ga- 5 pent. ,, samw.

Svili rayani-
Zis
dis.
#39
4 ,, ,, ,, #40 ,, ,, ,, ,,

TuSeTi

Salva aslaniSvilma am dialeqtSi simRerebi Zveli da axali

formaciis nimuSebad dayo (aslaniSvili, 1956:92, 109). TuSur `nanebSic~ es
ori _ erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli Sre ikveTeba. nino maisuraZis mier
Cawerili nimuSebis nawili submotivebisagan Semdgari patara daRmavali
frazebiT (danarTi, mag. #111) amave dialeqtis ritualur-saferxulo

94
`qorbeRelas~ uaxlovdeba. 1986 w. axmetis raionis sofel zemo alvanSi
Cawerili `datal, fiso~ ki kvinturi CarCoTi, mdovre, unaxtomo svlebiT,
frazebis sekvenciuri ganviTarebiT `axali formaciis~ TuSuri simReris
magaliTia (danarTi, mag. # 87). msgavseba TuSur simRera-tirilebTan da
Crdilo kavkasiidan SemoWril intonaciur nakadTan _ garmonis melodiebis
zegavleniT Seqmnil sasimRero hangebTan _ sruliad aSkaraa.
damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebas warmoadgens eqvsmarcvliani saleqso
taepi da eqvsstriqoniani kupleti, sadac me-5-6 striqoni me-3-4 striqons
imeorebs.
eTer TaTaraiZis zepiri cnobiT, misTvis cnobili Zveli TuSuri
akvnis simRerebis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebas mimarTvis, dayvavebis
gamomxatveli fraza `nana, oxo~ warmoadgens.

cxrili #6

# dialeq Camwe wyaro dia bger mixri met SeniSv

ti ri, paz. aTri loba ri na
weli gi
1 TuSuri n. ma- 1990 4 tetr. minor. 7/8 uteqs.
isu- mag. 61,1
raZe
2 ,, ,, 61,2 ,, ,, ,, Sere ,,
uli
3 ,, ,, 61,3 ,, ,, ,, Sere ,,
uli
4 ,, ,, 61,4 ,, ,, ,, Sere ,,
uli
5 ,, ,, 61,5 3 triq. ,, 7/8 ,,
6 ,, ,, 61,6 4 tetr. ,, 6/8 ,,
7 ,, ,, 61,7 ,, ,, ,, Sere ,,
uli
8 ,, ,, 61,8 3 triq. ,, rTu ,,
li -
3/8+
5/8
9 ,, ,, 61,9 ,, ,, ,, Tavis ,,
uf.
10 ,, ,, 61,10 4 tetr. ,, Tavis `
uf.
11 ,, ,, 61,11 ,, ,, ,, Sere ,,
uli

95
12 ,, ,, 61,12 5 pent. ,, samw. ,,
13 ,, ,, 61,13 ,, ,, ,, Tavis ,,
uf.
14 q. mze ,, ,, ,, samw. ax.
bai- Sina, forma
aSvi 7 c.
li.
1986

Crdilokavkasiuri intonaciuri kavSirebi ansambl `naninas~ mier

Sesrulebul variantSic Cans (nanina, 2008: #7).

magaliTi 7. wovaTuSuri nana. Caw. da notir. maia gelaSvilis mier. ix.

piradi arqivi.

xevi

Mmravalxmiani azrovnebis principi ganapirobebs zogierT moxeur

`nanaSi~ (danarTi, mag. #18) tonika-dominanturi funqciis or safexurze (I-
VII) kilouri sayrdenebis monacvleobas (ix. cxrili #3). sametyvelo
dialeqtis intonaciuri Taviseburebebi (or da sammarcvlian sityvaSi
maxvili meore marcvalze) jer nimuSis musikalur qsovilSi CarTul
reCitativebSi vlindeba, Semdeg ki sityvebis _ `daiZine~, `genacvale~ _
gamRerebisas meore marcvlis maRali bgeriT xazgasmaSi iCens Tavs
(danarTi, mag. #18, t. 9, 23).

96
 cxrili #3

# dialeq Camweri, weli wyaro dia bger mixri met SeniSv

ti paz. aTri loba ri na
gi
1 moxeur- m. Jordania. ef 114-9 5; 7 pent.; neitr.; Tav;
mTiulu 1960 hept. maJ. samw.
ri 6/8
2 ,, ,, ,, min. Tav. gavs
114-10 tiril
s
3 ,, ,, 114-11 7 hept. min. orw. qv.VII
4 ,, ,, 114-12 6 heqs. ,, ,, jer
dekla
mac.
gavs
tiril
s
5 ,, ,, 114-16 5 pent. maJ. ,
6 ,, ,, 114-20 6 heqs. ,, ,,
7 ,, ,, 114-21 6 ,, ,, orw.
2/4
samw.
6/8
8 ,, ,, 115-1 6 heqs. min. cval.
;
samw.
6/8
9 ,, ,, 115-2 4 tetr. ,, cval. qv. VII
10 ,, ,, 115-5 6 heqs. ,, cval.
; 3/4
11 ,, ,, 117-1 3 triq. ,, Tav. dekla
mac.
12 ,, ,, 117-2 5 pent. ,, ,, qv. VII
13 ,, ,, 118-36 4 tetr. ,, ,,
14 ,, ,, 118-37 4 tetr. maJ. samw.
6/8
15 ,, ,, 118-39 ,, ,, min. samw. gandag
6/8 ana
16 ,, m. Jordania. qxmSl 2; 3 diq.; ,, samw.
1977 ef # triq.
ara aqvs
`akv.n.~
# 17
17 ,, ,, qxmSl 4 tetr. ,,
ef #
ara aqvs
`akvn.n.~

97
 #18

hangis Camouyalibeblobisa da erTiani melodiuri xazis uqonlobis

miuxedavad, kilouri sayrdenebi aSkarad gamokveTilia. moxeur nimuSebSi
metri ZiriTadad samwiladia (ix. cxrili #3). gamonaklisis saxiT gvxvdeba
orwiladoba.
am regionis nimuSebis faqturaSi gamoiyeneba enisa da tuCebis
daxmarebiT `l~ Tanxmovanze SigadaSig CarTuli intonireba. vfiqrob, igi
bavSvTan TamaSis, misi yuradRebis mipyrobis erTgvar xerxs unda
warmoadgendes. aqve Zalian damaxasiaTebelia `ax~ da `axxx~ marcvlis
gagrZelebiT warmoqmnili Taviseburi `xmauri~ (ix. audiodanarTi, #2),
romelic Cemi azriT, xvrinvis mibaZva unda iyos da Zilisaken mowodebis
niSnad unda aRviqvaT (Seadare mag. #18 `nanas~ teqstSi mocemuli striqoni
`ixine, Cemo nanav, ixine! ~).
yazbegis raionis sof. garbanSi mcxovrebi 63 wlis Talalo
gujaraiZis `nana~ imdenad uaxlovdeba realur viTarebaSi bavSvis
dasaZineblad naTqvam nimuSs (danarTi, mag. #17), rom Semsrulebels sxva
qali eubneba `geyofao~ da amitom Cerdeba. didi xnis manZilze diqordis
bgerebze intonireba, aRmavali SeZaxili kvintaze xmis acurebiT, samwiladi
rbili sinkopa, monotonuri RiRini SeumCnevlad gadaizrdeba (t. 19)
minoruli kilos terciuli bgeris aTvisebaSi.
tercia zogadad, dasaZinebeli nimuSebis yvelaze saxasiaTo
intervalia, radganac kargad Sesabameba simSvides, wonasworobas. simetriis
gancdas xSir SemTxvevaSi `iavnanas~ intonaciur formulaSi arsebuli
sarkiseburi, Sebrunebuli ritmuli suraTic qmnis. AA
aRsaniSnavia zogierTi moxeuri `nanas~ intonaciuri msgavseba moxeuri
xmiT tirilis melodiasTan (ix. danarTi, mag. # 84; audiodanarTi, #2).
saintereso faqts warmoadgens aWaruli `gandaganas~ intonaciuri masalis
gamoyeneba 1960 w. yazbegeli ciala avsajaniSvilisagan Caweril nimuSSi (ix.
audiodanarTi #3), rac adasturebs Janris kompoziciis Ria, gaxsnil
bunebas da mis kavSirs saferxulo-sacekvao ritmebTan.

98
 mTiuleTi

mTiuluri `nanas~ yvelaze adreuli Canaweri Salva aslaniSvilis

1949 w. cvilis lilvakebis koleqciaSia Sesuli (xmebi warsulidan, naw. II,
8-53). nimuSis pirveli nawili Zilispiruli `nanas~ tipuri magaliTia, magram
meore nawilSi imave hangze grZeldeba `nanasaTvis~ aratipuri sityvieri
teqsti, romelic datirebis intonaciebTan siaxlovis gamo SeiZleboda
aRmoCeniliyo am Janris saxeobriv arealSi.

magaliTi 6. nana (mTiuluri). Caw. 1949 w. Salva aslaniSvilis mier,

sof. qveSeTSi (duSeTis r-ni). Semsrulebeli ar aris miTiTebuli. notir.
marina xuxunaiSvilis mier.

es faqti kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom dasaZinebel nimuSebSi

wamyvani, ganmsazRvreli faqtori mReradi intonirebaa.

99
 mTiuluri nimuSebis diapazoni kvarta, kvinta da seqstaa (ix. cxrili
#4). erT variantSi (ix. audiodanarTi #4) kvartul bgeraze droebiTi
tonikis gadanacvleba iwvevs ambitusis gazrdas nonamde.

cxrili #4

# dialeq Camwe wyaro dia bger mixri met SeniSv

ti ri, paz. aTri loba ri na
weli gi
1 moxeur- m. Jor- 124-1 4 tetr. maJ. ori
mTiulu dania. SeZa sayrde
ri 1961 x. 5 ni I,II
qS, ax
2 ,, S. as- xm. 6 heqs. ,, Tav. II naw.
laniS- wars. aratip.
vili. II 8-53 teqst.
1949
3 ,, m. Jor- e. ga- 6 ,, min. samw.
dania. rayani
1961 Zis
diser.
# 101
4 ,, n. mai- 1990 ,, ,, ,, ,, uteqs.
suraZe. mag.
63-2
5 T. 1968 5 pent. maJ. samw. diale
mama- Ggv. 90 qti
laZe. miTiT.
araa
6 m. Jor- ef 124- 5 ,,
dania. 10
1961

metri samwiladi, an cvalebadia. gvxvdeba ori sayrdenis I-VII, I-II

monacvleobaze gamRerebuli monakveTebi. xSiria SeZaxilebi, zemoT ukve
aRniSnuli xvrinvisa da gabruebis funqcis mqone Tanxmovnebis gamoyenebis
faqtebi, aRmavali glisandoTi xmis maRal registrSi gadatana (danarTi,
mag. # 20). mxolod am kuTxisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli frinvelis
gafrTxobisaTvis gamoyenebuli `aqS, qS, qS~ da sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT
naxmari `nw, nw~. es ukanaskneli Zroxis dasaSoSmineblebSic gvxvdeba.

100
 nino maisuraZes miaCnia, rom mis mier mopovebuli mTiuluri `nanas~
varianti (danarTi, mag. # 111-2) saferxulo simReraTa gavlenas ganicdis
(Майсурадзе, 1990: 47).
sof. ukanamxarSi marTa wamalaiZisagan Cawerili nimuSi (ix.
audiodanarTi #5) kadansSi kvintur bgeraze dasasruliT mravalxmiani
simReris zeda xmas warmoadgens. mas VII-I safexurebze agebuli bani
SeiZleba SevuwyoT. imave sofelSi eva mnaTobiSvilisagan Caweril nimuSs ki
baiaTis tipis `patara gogo damekargas~ hangi udevs safuZvlad. ediSer
garayaniZis notirebul mTiulur nanaSi (danarTi, mag. # 104) fSaur
simRerebTan siaxlove igrZnoba (h kiloSi I da II safexurebs Soris
1/2½toniani manZilis gamo).
yuradRebas SevaCereb Tamar mamalaZis mier Caweril nimuSze,
romelsac dialeqti miTiTebuli ara aqvs (ix. danarTi, mag. # 19).
musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT, melodiis tipiT, teqstiT igi axlos
dgas rogorc moxeur, ise mTiulur `nanebTan~ da am ori kilokavisagan
Semdgari moxeur-mTiuluri dialeqtis saerTo Tvisebebs usvams xazs.
moxeur-mTiuluri dialeqtis dasaZinebel nimuSebSi SenarCunebulia
terciuli kadansis is arqauli formebi, romlebzec xevsuruli dialeqtis
ganxilvisas visaubreT (ix. danarTi, #18, t. 5, 9, 10; # 16, t. 1, 6).

gudamayari

gudamayrul nanas~ mindia Jordanias, nino maisuraZisa da ioseb

Jordanias CanawerebiT vecnobiT. 1958 w. sofel TorelaanSi Caweril
nimuSebs (ix. audiodanarTi #6) sxva kuTxis analogiuri nimuSebisagan
sagrZnoblad maRal registrSi mRera gamoarCevs. aRsaniSnavia, rom `nanas~
wvrili xmiT mRera samkurnalo nimuSebis ritualur teqstebSic aris
dafiqsirebuli. magaliTad, kaxeTSi Caweril `iavnanaSi~:
`batonebis mamidasa, iavnaninao,
vardni usxedan kerasa iavnaninao.
gverdT udga Carxis akvani, iavnaninao,
Sig uwevs batoniSvili, iavnaninao, . . .
gverdT uzis batonis deda, iavnaninao

101
 wvrili xmiT etyvis nanasa, iavnaninao~ (Ciqovani, 1979: 125)
tesiturulad maRali bgerebis aRebis xerxs qalebi zogjer
Segnebulad mimarTaven. msgavs SemTxvevas raWuli `nanas~, svanuri
`nanailas~ variantebSic vxvdebiT. sxva xalxTa folklorSic dedebi
bavSvTan komunikaciisaTvis zogjer sagangebod iwvrileben xmas.
ioseb Jordanias mier Caweril gudamayrul `nanas~ tonikuri
sayrdenisaken sworxazovani daSveba da oqtavamde gazrdili diapazoni
axasiaTebs (danarTi, mag. #105). nino maisuraZiseul variantSi ki kvintur
diapazonSi g bgeris gaCena qveda VII safexuradaa gaazrebuli (danarTi, mag.
# 112-1). am faqtiTac xazi esmeba erTxmianobaSi funqcionaluri
mravalxmianobis arsebobas.

cxrili #5

# dialeq Camwe wyaro di bger mixri met SeniSv

ti ri, ap aTri loba ri na
weli az gi
.
1 gudamayr m. Jor- ef55-19 6 heqs. min.; orw. ori
uli dania. maJ. sayrd.
1958 maR.
regis.
2 ,, 55-20 fa Camou gaurk.; gaur kontr
r y. min. k.; astul
T orw. regist
o ruli
mRera
3 i. Jor- e. ga- 8 oqtaq maJ. samw.
dania. raya- ordi
1984 niZis
diser.
#113
4 n. mai- 1990 5 pent. min. samw. qv. VII;
suraZe mag. uteqst
63,1 od
5 ,, 1990 6 heqs. min. Ser. uteqst
mag. od
63,2
6 ,, 1990 6 heqs. min. Ser. uteqst
mag. od
63,3

102
 erwo-TianeTi

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli

mosaxleobis Tanacxovreba, barTan kavSiri am regionis musikalur
folklorSi gansakuTrebuli plastis Camoyalibebas iwvevs. erwo-TianeTis,
rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiswineTis zolis musikalur
Taviseburebebs sagangebo yuradReba qeTevan baiaSvilma miaqcia (Баиашвили,
1986:). ana petriaSvili miiCnevs, rom es regioni warmoadgens gardamaval
zonas, anu Sualedur rgols, sadac Tavs iCens rogorc mTis, ise baris
musikalur dialeqtTa Taviseburebebi (petriaSvili, 1990:6). avtoris azriT,
am regionSi mimdinareobs sakuTriv erwo-Tianuri musikaluri dialeqtis
formirebis procesi (iqve, 133). msgavsi movlena enaTmecnierebaSic aris
SeniSnuli. Tianuri Sualedur safexuradaa miCneuli kaxursa da fSaurs
Soris (cocaniZe, 1970:111). aqedan gamomdinare, erwo-Tianuri masalis calke
ganxilva SesaZleblad mimaCnia.
grigol CxikvaZisa da mindia Jordanias mier 1959 w. mopovebuli erwo-
Tianuri `nanebi~ gazrdili diapazoniTa da intonaciuri masalis
mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba (danarTi, # 77).

cxrili #7

# dialeq Camwer wyaro dia bger mixri met SeniSv

ti i, paz. aTri loba ri na
weli gi
2 erwo- g. Cxi- 75-2 5 pent. Mmin. Tav. ori
Tianuri kvaZe, sayrd.
m. Jor-
dania.
1959
3 ` 75 -20 ,, ,, maJ. ori
sayrd.;
qalaq.
tipis
4 ,, 75-21 7 hept. min. Tav. iavnana
fand.
5 ,, 75-04 5 pent. min. samw. iavnana
6 ,, 77-2 6 heqs. min. Tav.
7 ,, 77-3 5 pent ,, Ser. wyalsa

103
 Zir. nafot
oTxw i
il.

yuradRebas iqcevs Tina sisaurisa (mag. 8) da mzaRo maCuriSvilisagan

(ix. audiodanarTi #7) Cawerili ori nimuSi, romelic am regionSi
mimdinare procesebis musikalur-intonaciur leqsikonSi asaxvis
maCvenebelia.

magaliTi 8. nana (Tianuri). Caw. 1959 w. grigol CxikvaZisa da mindia

Jordanias mier TianeTSi. mTqmeli Tina sisauri. notirebuli nana
valiSvilis mier.

am regionSi mopovebuli safanduro Tanxlebis mqone, `iavnanad~

wodebuli magaliTebi qarTlSi Cawerili nimuSebis msgavsia, xolo Tina
sisauris erTxmiani `nana~ tradiciuli artikulirebisa da maJor-minoruli
sistemis mimoqcevebze agebuli monakveTebis Serwymas warmoadgens.
evropuli hangebis gavlena TbilisSi Caweril `nanaSic~ Cans (ix. danarTi,
mag. #76).

104
 simonianTxeveli marTa gabidaurisa da TeTraxeveli nino
arCemaSvilis naTqvam `nanebSi~ SeimCneva baiaTuri tipis
artikulirebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani: cxvirSi mRera,
melizmatika, bgeris vibracia (ix. audiodanarTi #8). dasaZineblad
gankuTvnili verbaluri formulebis gverdiT nimuSebSi CarTulia
`eTerianidan~ amoRebuli teqstebi (`Sen didi xar, didebuli~) da mTel
saqarTveloSi popularuli `wyals nafoti Camohqonda~ (danarTi, mag. # 77).

$ 2. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos bari

am regionis farglebSi ganvixile 4 qarTluri, 4 kaxuri da 2

ingilouri erTxmiani magaliTi (cxrilebi ## 8-10). nimuSTa gansaxvavebul
saxelwodebad aq gvxvdeba: `nanina~, `akvnis nana~, `daÁ, daÁ~.

qarTl-kaxeTi

Tamar mamalaZis mier Cawerili qarTluri `nanina~ samwiladobiTa da

mokle frazebiT dasaZinebeli Janris martivi magaliTebis ricxvs ekuTvnis
(danarTi, mag. # 21). mokle prozauli teqstiT, musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiT
saSualebaTa simwiriT, sekvenciuri motivebiT, daRmavali terciuli
kadansiT igi gansxvavdeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos am nawilSi mopovebuli
sxva nimuSebisagan. magaliTad, ediSer garayaniZis mier Cawerili SedarebiT
ganviTarebuli, farTo sunTqvaze agebuli hangisagan (danarTi, mag. # 106).
Tumca, orive magaliTSi gamRerebuli marcvlebis ararseboba da ediSer
garayaniZis variantSi `arurus~ xseneba arqauli kvalis arsebobaze da
saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebTan (xevsureTi, aWara) kavSirebzec migvaniSnebs.
qarTl-kaxuri dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli melodiis tipi,
patara gamRerebebi da vrceli kupleturi leqsi udevs safuZvlad andria
benaSvilis mier XIX saukunis bolos notirebul `naninas~ (danarTi, mag. #
23). qarTluri da raWuli dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis TvalsazrisiT

105
saintereso faqts warmoadgens am teqstis dasawyisis versiis arseboba
raWul dialeqtSi (Ciqovani, m. 1979:337).
dimitri arayiSvilis mier 1901 w. goris mazris sof. xovleSi
Cawerili `nana~ (danarTi, # 22) farTo Sidamarcvlovani gamRerebebiT,
melizmebiTa da kvintolebiT SemomRerebuli sayrdeni tonebiT
improvizaciuli stilis mqone `urmulebis~, `orovelebis~, sufruli da
lirikuli simRerebis msgavsia.
igive unda iTqvas dimitri arayiSvilisa da grigol CxikvaZis mier
Cawerili `nanas~ kaxur variantebze (danarTi, mag. ## 24, 25, 26), romlebic
xSiri fermatebiT, rubato-aCelerandoebiT, daxvewili, rafinirebuli
CaxvevebiT Tavisufali, mRerad-melosuri ganviTarebiT yvela sxva regionis
nimuSTagan gansxvavdeba. calke dgas sof. SildaSi 1986 w. mopovebuli `nana~
(danarTi, mag. # 27), romelic yvarlis raionis am regionis Janrul-
stiluri dominantis _ RvTis karze saTqmeli da samkurnalo `iavnanebis~ _
identuria.

cxrili #8

# dialeq Camwe wyaro diap bger mixri met Seni

ti ri, az. aTri loba ri Svna
weli gi
1 qarTl- T. mama- `akv.n.~ 5 pent. min. samw. ori
kaxuri laZe. #21 sayr
(qarTl d.
uri
kilokav
i)
2 d. ara- akv.n.~ 6 heqs. min.; ori
yiSvili. #22 maJ. sayr
1901 d.
3 a. bena- akv.n.~ ,, ` maJor. Tavis cval.
Svili. #23 uf. sayr
d.
4 e. garay. e. ga- 7 hept. ,, ,,
rayani-
Zis
diser.
#136

106
 cxrili #9

# dialeq Camwer wyaro di bgera mixri metri SeniSvn

ti i, ap Trigi loba a
weli az
.
1 qarTl- g. Cxi- ef 5 pentaq. Mmin. samwil balala
kaxuri kvaZe. 13-9 ad.
(kaxuri 1952
kilokav
i)
2 d. ara- `akv.n.~ 5 ,, ,, orwil.
yiSvi- # 24
li
3 g. Cxi- `akv.n.~ ,, ,, ,, 3/4 ori
kvaZe #25 sayrd.
4 d. ara- `akv.n.~ 6 heqs. maJ. // 3/4 ,,
yiSvi- # 26 min.
li

saingilo

enaTmecnierebaSi ingilours calke dialeqtad Tvlian (imnaiSvili,

1966) iseve, rogorc fereidnuls iranSi da SavSur-imerxeuls TurqeTSi.
marTalia, masalis simwiris gamo musikalur dialeqtze saubari Wirs,
magram `nanaSi~ _ rogorc centralur JanrSi, erTgvar indikatorSi
asaxulia am regionis musikalur folklorSi mimdinare procesebi da am
nimuSebis sxva kuTxeebTan (mag. kaxurTan) erTad ganxilva ar CavTvale
mizanSewonilad. ingilouri nimuSebis rogorc sityvier, ise intonaciur
masalaze azerbaijanulis zegavlena aSkaraa.

107
 cxrili #10

# dialeq Camwer wyaro diap bger mixr metri SeniSv

ti i, az. aTri ilo na
weli gi ba
1 ingilo i. Jo- `akv.n.~ 4 tetr. min. Tavs. cval. II
uri rdania # 30 saf.
.
1987
2 n. ma- VI-12 ` ` ` samwil dabali
xara- . II saf.
Ze, l.
maqa-
raSvi
li.
2005

ingilouri dasaZinebeli `nanas~ Canawerebidan erTi ioseb Jordanias

ekuTvnis, romelic 1987 w. kaxis raionis sofel yoraRalSi baliko
saknelaSvilisagan mousmenia. sagulismoa, rom masSi (danarTi, mag. #30)
Taviseburadaa asaxuli qarTul-azerbaijanuli eTnikur-kulturuli
kavSirebi. kvinturi wyarodan tonikisaken (d) TandaTanobiTi daSveba,
dacurebebi da xmis vibrireba, minoruli kilos cvalebadi II safexuri da
Taviseburi cxvirismieri saSemsruleblo manera ori eTnosis SemoqmedebiTi
tradiciebis Serwymis Sedegia. intonaciur masalasTan erTad sakadanso
saqcevebSi SeWrilia bavSvis aRmniSvneli sityva `bala~ da tradiciuli
azerbaijanuli misamReri `laÁ-laÁ~, romelmac Cemi azriT, daikava
ingilouri refrenebis `naÁ, naÁ~-s, an `daÁ, daÁ~-s adgili (inglouri `nanas~
teqsti ix. Cemi naSromis I TavSi, gv. 28 da II TavSi, gv. 71). azerbaijanuli
`laÁ-laÁ~ taira qerimovas Zveli, dakarguli ritualuri funqciis
damaxasiaTebel niSnad miaCnia, romelsac Selocvisa da datirebis garda,
azerbaijanul saferxuloebsa da lirikul simRerebSic iyeneben (Керимова,
Т.1986: 8). SesaZloa, es verbaluri formulebi locviTi refrenebis
anareklic iyos, romelsac qarTveli mTqmelebi muslimanuri garemodan
iTviseben.
ingilouri `nanas~ meore varianti moZiebulia sagarejos raionSi,
kaxidan manavSi gamoTxovili qalbatonisagan.

108
 magaliTi 9. ingilouri nana. Caw. 2005 w. nino maxaraZisa da lela
maqaraSvilis mier sof. manavSi (sagarejos r-ni). mTqmeli ruizan sonaSvili.
notirebuli nino maxaraZis mier.

zemoT ganxilul nimuSs igi uaxlovdeba kvartis farglebSi

safexurebrivad daRmavali, datirebis msgavsi intonaciuri mimoqcevebiT da
agreTve, sityvier teqstSi gamoyenebuli dialeqturi gamoTqmebiT (daizin,
saqnevar).
aqve msurs SevCerde saqarTvelos farglebs gareT mcxovrebi
Tanamemamuleebisagan Caweril kidev erT nimuSze. es aris dimitri
arayiSvilis mier q. mozdokSi qarTvelebisagan mosmenili `nana~ (danarTi,
mag. # 29). samwiladi zomis, sinkopuri ritmisa da klasikuri minoris
elementebis Serwyma maT musikalur gemovnebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebis
damadasturebelia.

cxrili #11

# dialeq Camwer wyaro di bger mix metri SeniSv

ti i, ap aTri ri na
weli az gi lo
. ba
1 _ d. ara- `akvn.n.~ 6 heqs. min. samwil. harmon.
yiSvi- #29 Mmin-is
li elemen.

109
$ 3. dasavleT saqarTvelos mTa

svaneTi

svaneTma bavSvis dasaZinebeli nimuSis metad saintereso variantebi

Semogvinaxa. aq mas `nanilas~, an `nanailas~ uwodeben. dReisaTvis xelT
gvaqvs am kuTxis 17 erTxmiani magaliTi (cxrili #12). ori maTgani
tradiciuli simebian-xemiani sakravis _ Wuniris TanxlebiTaa (Georgie.
Poliphonies de Svanethie (1994). Le chant du mond. LDX274990. Paris.Collection du centre
nationalde la recherché scientifique et du Musee de l’homme #6; folkloris saxelmwifo
centris saeqspedicio Canawerebi (2007). svaneTi: mestia, cxumari. # 12) da ar
warmoadgens uSualod Zilispirul `nanas~. es ukve dasaZinebeli hangis
sakravze damRerebuli varianti, miusadagebeli `akvnis simRerebia~.
esTetikuri Rirsebebis wina planze wamoweva gansazRvravs gamoyenebiTi
funqciisagan gaTavisuflebuli nimuSebis saxeobriv wyobas.

cxrili #12

# dialeq Camwe wyaro dia bger mixri met SeniSv

ti ri, paz. aTri loba ri na
weli gi
1 svanuri g. Cxi- 104-11 6 heqs. min. orw.
kvaZe.
1960
2 ,, 104a-29 ,, ,, ,, 6/8 3+5
da
8/8
mona
cvl
3 ,, 105-19 ,, ,, ,, orw. ori
sayr.
4 m. Jor- 159a-3 7 hept. maJ. 8/4 qv. VII
dania. `akvn.n.~
1967 # 31
5 i. Jor- `akvn.n.~ 6 heqs. min. samw. ,,
dania. # 32
1985
6 g. Cxi- `akvn.n.~ ,, ,, ,, Ser.

110
 kvaZe # 33
7 m. yan- `akvn.n.~ 6 ,, ori
Celi. # 34 sayrd.
8 S. mSve- `akvn.n.~ ,, ,, maJ. 4/4
liZe # 35
9 i. Jor- `akvn.n.~ 5 pent. min. 6/8
dania. # 36
1985
10 n. zum- cxumari 6 heqs. min., samw. gavs m.
baZe. #6 maJ. yanCel
2007 is
Canaw.
11 ,, ,, #1 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,
12 ,, ,, #12 7 hept. min.; ` ori
WuniriT maJ sayrde
ni
13 s. bol- #6 4 tetr. maJ. 4/4
zempi. WuniriT Wun. ;
1994 _ 7. hept.
14 m. Jor- 159a- 4 6 heqs. min.. 8+5/4 qv.VI-
dania. VII-I
1967
15 ,, 159a-5 ,, ,, maJ. qv. VII-
I
16 ,, 159b-11 ` ` ` Tavi
s.
17 k. rose- 1982 ` ,, min. 8/8,
baSvili. gv. 25 9/8
1968

maRal registrSi artikulireba svanur nimuSebs raWul da

gudamayrul `nanebTan~ aaxloebs. amis magaliTad, ixileT lentexis raionis
sof. xofurSi doka lipartelianisagan Cawerili nimuSi (danarTi, mag. #
31).
am kuTxis `nanebs~ SedarebiT daWimuli, daZabuli, Ria bgeriT
artikulireba axasiaTebs. zogierT magaliTSi daRmaval dacurebiT
sekundur svlebSi naTlad SeigrZnoba kavSiri samgloviaro JanrTan, qalTa
datirebebTan (ix. danarTi, mag. ## 32-35). aseTivea k. rosebaSvilis mier
sof. enaSi mariam farjianisagan Cawerili `akvnis nana~ (danarTi, mag. #80).
svanuri `nanailas~ Taviseburebas warmoadgens agreTve, qveda VII
safexuriT tonikuri sayrdenis SemomRereba, rac erTxmianobaSi arsebuli
mravalxmiani musikaluri azrovnebis kompoziciuri principebis gacxadebaa.

111
 qalebi TiTqos TviTonve aZleven sakuTar namRers bans da iTviseben
ara marto dominantur qveda VII safexurs, aramed qveda subdominantasac
VI-VII-I:

magaliTi 10. nana (svanuri). Caw. 1967 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof.
xofurSi (lentexis r-ni). mTqmeli gulnara liparteliani. notirebuli nana
valiSvilis mier.

magaliTi 11. nanina (svanuri) _ Caw. 1967 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof.
xofurSi (lentexis r-ni). mTqmeli maro museliani. notirebuli nana
valiSvilis mier.

112
 `iavnanas~ ritmuli formulisa da samwiladobis gverdiT rogorc
zemo, ise qvemo svaneTSi gvxvdeba orwiladi zomis variantebi, kvadratuli
struqturis mqone magaliTebi, romlebSic ori kilouri sayrdenis
monacvleobisas minoruli da maJoruli mixrilobis mimoqcevebi enacvleba
erTmaneTs (ix. cxrili #12).
tradiciis mdgradobaze migvaniSnebs XX saukunis II naxevarSi mixeil
yanCelisa (ix. danarTi, mag. #34) da 2007 w. natalia zumbaZis mier sof.
cxumarSi Cawerili `nanailebis~ (danarTi, ## 78-79) identuroba.
svanur dasaZinebel nimuSebSi verbaluri teqstis didi nawili
samRerisebs (nana, nanila, nanailo) uWiravs. maTi umetesoba ar warmoadgens
leqss da gariTmvis efeqts swored am samRerisebis gamoyeneba qmnis.
gvxvdeba mamakacis mier Sesrulebuli `nanaila~ rogorc solo, ise
sakravis Tanxlebiani variantis saxiT (folkloris saxelmwifo centris
saeqspedicio Canawerebi, svaneTi, 2007, kd, # 12). masSi gadmocemulia mamis
usazRvro siyvaruli da samSoblos damcveli momavali vaJkacisadmi
mimarTva. yvela `nanailaSi~ gansakuTrebiT aris xazgasmuli Tanxmovani
fonemebis calke marcvlad gamokveTis tendencia.
Wuniris vrceli SesavliT iwyeba uSgulSi silvia bol-zempis mier
1994 w. matro Carqselianisagan Cawerili nimuSi. (danarTi, mag. # 81).
sakravis tradiciuli Tanxleba, akordika (35, 45, 46, 57) martivi kvartuli
sasimRero melodiis harmoniuli safuZvelia. Wuniris tembri

113
gansakuTrebul elfers aZlevs JReradobas da sakravis monotonuri
xmovaneba kargad esadageba dasaZinebeli hangis mxatvrul saxes.
aRsaniSnavia, rom nato zumbaZes `nanas~ sakravze damRereba misi
gamravalxmianebis, potenciuri mravalxmianobis xorcSesxmis saSualebad
miaCnia (zumbaZe, 2010:4).

raWa

mindia Jordanias mier 1962 wels ambrolaurisa da onis raionis

soflebSi mopovebuli raWuli magaliTebis erTi nawilis ZiriTad
Taviseburebas samkurnalo `iavnanebTan~ kavSiri warmoadgens, rac vlindeba
ara marto intonaciuri masalis msgavsebaSi, aramed batonebisaTvis
gankuTvnili poeturi saxeebis gamoyenebaSic (`datkbiT, datkbiT~, `vardo
batono~). aRsaniSnavia, rom `iavnanas~ hangze agebuli ori nimuSi,
tradiciuli 6/8-is nacvlad, orwiladi zomiT aris warmodgenili (ix.
cxrili #13). originaluri formiT gamoirCeva mindia Jordanias Cawerili
raWuli `nana~.
magaliTi 12. nana (raWuli). Caw. 1962 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof.
WrebaloSi (ambrolauris r-ni). mTqmeli babilo jinWaraZe. notirebuli nana
valiSvilis mier.

114
 miuxedavad imisa, rom `nana~ ar emyareba konkretul poetur teqsts,
nimuSi kupleturi wyobis principzea agebuli, sami oTxtaqtiani frazidan
TiToeuli or frazad iyofa, romlebic Taviseburi naxevarkadansiT
bolovdeba: I da III kupletSi naxevarkadansi naxtomiT kilos IV safexurze
SeCerebiT iqmneba, meoreSi ki _ qveda VII safexurze. es `nana~ musikaluri
azris Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT ganviTarebuli, mRerad-melosuri tipis
nimuSebs unda mivakuTvnoT.

cxrili # 13

# dialeq Camwe wyaro dia bgera mixri met SeniSv

ti ri, paz. Trigi loba ri na
weli
raWuli m. Jor- 145-1 6 heqs maJ.; 6/8 . . .
1 dania. min. …nanao
1962
2 ,, 142-9 5 pent. min. Tavis iavn.
. hangze
3 ,, 141-8 6 heqs. maJ. 6/8 datkbiT
,
datkbiT
4 ,, 141-5 7 ` minor. 12/8 daTunik
as eZin.
5 ,, 141-4 ,, ,, ,, 4/4
6 ,, 142-25 5 pentaq.
7 ,, 142-9 ,, ,, ,, orw. Zalian
Cumad
ismis

hangis Taviseburi, ucnauri wyobiT gamoirCeva raWaSi Cawerili

oTxwiladi magaliTi, romlis yoveli kenti ortaqtiani fraza tonikisaken
daRmavali svliT xasiaTdeba, xolo luwi frazebi qveda VI safexuridan
aRmasvliT tonikis SemomRerebas warmoadgens (ix. audiodanarTi #9).
maJoruli da minoruli mixrilobis kilouri cvalebadobis
TvalsazrisiT, yuradRebas iqcevs glolaSi nataSa biZiSvilis E`nana~.
frazis dasawyisSi melodia maJoruli kilos terciuli bgeridan zeviT
miemarTeba, daRmasvlisas ki minoruli tercia Cndeba da kiloc icvleba.

115
avtoriseul poetur teqstze agebuli kupleturi nimuSis yvela fraza
refren `nanaos~ wamRerebiT bolovdeba (ix. audiodanarTi #10).

$ 4. dasavleT saqarTvelos bari

imereTi

imeruli dialeqti samkurnalo batonebis `naninasa~ da `iavnanas~

variantebis siuxviT gamoirCeva (danarTi, mag. ix. ## 37, 38). rac Seexeba
erTxmian `nanas~, mxolod ori patara nimuSi gvaqvs warmodgenili. isini ed.
savickis 1956 w. Cauweria. TiToeuli maTgani mokle frazebze agebul
winadadebas Seadgens, mdovre, safexurebrivi svlebiT. zoma orwiladia.

cxrili # 14

# dialeq Camwe wyaro dia bger mixr metri SeniSv

ti ri, paz. aTri ilo na
weli gi ba
1 imeruli e. sa- `akvn.n.~ 6 heqs. maJ. orw.
vicki #37
2 ,, `akvn.n.~ 4 tetr. min. ,,
#38

samegrelo

samegreloSi ZiriTadad akvnis simReris mravalxmiani nimuSebia

Cawerili. erTxmian megrul `nanaze~ msjeloba ki mxolod qristefore
grozdovis, dimitri arayiSvilisa da kaxi rosebaSvilis CanawerebiT
gviwevs (cxrili #15).
grozdovis mier zugdidis raionis sof. caiSSi Caweril nanas
safuZvlad udevs Turqobis drois amsaxveli vrceli teqsti. pirveli

116
muxlis talRisebur melodias maJoruli mixrilobis kiloSi enacvleba
daSveba sekundiT zemoT mdebare axali sayrdenisaken (danarTi, mag. # 39).
nimuSi intonaciurad (magram ara kilourad da struqturulad) hgavs
avqsenti megreliZis `guruli nanas~ zeda xmas.
1973 wels baTumSi, kaxi rosebaSvilis mier, ucnobi xobeli
eTnoforisagan aris Cawerili megruli `nanas~ ulamazesi nimuSi
(audiodanarTi, #11). ori sayrdenis monacvleobasa da farTo, mRerad
frazebze agebuli hangi mogvagonebs imerul `brolis yelsa mogexvies~
cnobil variants. sityvieri teqsti ki tipuri dasaZineblisaa. erTtaqtiani
koda imave simReris banis sakadanso (V_VI_VII_I) melodiuri mimoqcevis
gamRerebaa. cxadia, ganwyobiTa da Sesrulebis maneriT ara hgavs xalisian
imerul mgzavrul-mayruli tipis magaliTs. formis TvalsazrisiT
gamoikveTeba ramdenime struqturuli erTeuli. pirvel nawilSi
ormuxliani nageboba orjer meordeba mciredi varirebiT (A+AI), daRmavali
melodiis ori talRa sxadasxva sayrdenisaken iswrafvis (es, des). ortaqtiani
CanarTi ori sayrdenis monacvleobas da axal intonaciur saqcevebs
emyareba (B). amas mosdevs metrulad da ritmulad saxecvlili ZiriTadi
birTvi (A2+A3+A4). B nawilis mciredi saxecvliT ganmeorebis Semdeg
Semsrulebeli kvlav ubrundeba sawyis intonaciur nagebobas (A5+A6).
damasrulebeli nageboba formis orive monakveTis intonaciur da
harmoniul masalas aerTianebs. ZiriTadi sayrdeni tonis saboloo
ganmtkiceba da xazgasma savaraudo banis aRmavali sakadanso svliT
xorcieldeba (V_VI_VII_I).

magaliTi 13. nana (megruli). Caw. 1973 w. kaxi rosebaSvilis mier

baTumSi. notirebuli nino SveliZis da nino maxaraZis mier.

117
 megruli dasaZinebeli simRerebis rigSi ganvixilav, agreTve, dimitri
arayiSvilis `mze Sinaos~, romelic Conguris TanxlebiT imRereba.
cvalebadi II safexuris mqone lakonuri daRmavali bgeraTrigi erwymis
sakravis naz akordul faqturaze agebul artikulirebas (danarTi, mag. #
99).

118
 cxrili # 15

# dialeqti Camwer wyaro di bger mixr metri SeniSv

i, ap aTri ilo na
weli az gi ba
.
1 megruli q. gro- `akvn.n.~ 6 heqs. maJ.- 7/4, ori
zdovi. # 33 min. 4/4 sayrden
1884 i
2 k. ro- qxmSl 7 hept. orw.; `broli
seba- ef 211, samw. s
Svili. #1 yelsa~.
1973 asr.
mamakaci
3 d. ara- `mz. S.~ 4 tetr. mino orw. Cong.
yiSvi- r. asr.
li. mamakaci
1900

guria

guruli Zilispiruli `nanas~ sami varianti (ix. danarTi, mag. ## 113,

114, 115) mindia Jordanias 1976 wels surebSi, luba kikvaZisagan Cauweria.
pirveli `iavnanad~ wodebuli samkurnalo simReris ZiriTadi qargis
umniSvnelod varirebul versias warmoadgens. refrenebis garda teqsti
mTlianad dasaZinebeli `nanas~ teqsts emyareba, romelic akaki wereTlis
poeturi qmnilebis calkeul fragmentebs Seicavs. damaxasiaTebeli
sinkopirebuli motivi Tanabarzomieri ritmuli naxaziT aris Secvlili.
danarCeni ori nimuSi terciuli diqordis gamRerebas warmoadgens,
romelsac mTlianad ganapirobebs sityvieri teqstis metri, ritmi da
struqturac. martivi frazebis monotonuri ganmeorebiT, Sesrulebis
gansakuTrebuli maneriT (duduniT, dabali xmiT), gauriTmavi, prozauli
teqstiT, refrenebiT Seqmnili simetriiT, isini Selocvis tipis nimuSebs
unda mivakuTvnoT.

119
cxrili #16

# dialeq Camwer wyaro dia bger mixr met SeniSv

ti i, paz. aTri ilo ri na
weli gi ba
1 guruli m. Jor- ef # 6 heqs. min. samw. iavnanas
dania. ara hangze
1976 aqvs
2 ,, ,, 3 diq. maJ. Tavis duduni,
. Selocv
is tip.
3 ,, ,, 3 diq. maJ. Tavis ,,
.A

$ 5. samxreTi da samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTvelo

mesxeTi

mesxeTSi Caweril sam magaliTs ganvixilav. valerian maRraZis mier

1961 w. sof. saroSi 88 wlis giorgi maRraZisagan Cawerili `iavnanad~
wodebuli dasaZinebeli nimuSi (danarTi, mag. # 28) tipuri intonaciuri
formulis xuTgzis varirebul ganmeorebas warmoadgens (cxrili #17).
samkurnalo nimuSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli refrenebi aq ar gvxvdeba.
didaqtikuri dalocva, Tavisuflebisaken ltolva gamoarCevs mas danarCeni
magaliTebisagan.

cxrili #17

# dialeq Camwe wyaro dia bger mixr met Seni

ti ri, paz. aTri ilo ri Svna
weli gi ba
mesxuri v. sam- `nanina~ 7 hept. min. 6/8
1 sonaZe CD, #11

120
 da sxv.
1999
2 v. ma- `akvn.n.~ 5 pent. min. 6/8
RraZe, .# 28
1961
3 ,, 1987 5 ,, ,, ,, saZe
#43 obo

valerian maRraZes ekuTvnis mesxuri simReris _ `mzev, Sin Semodios~

_ Canaweric, romelic bavSvis dasaZinebel nimuSad aris dafiqsirebuli
(danarTi, mag. # 90). yvela muxls mosdevs varirebul hangze ganmeorebuli
refreni `mze Sina da mze gareTa, mzev, Sin Semodio~, rac gvafiqrebinebs,
rom nimuSi orpiruli saZeobo ferxulis variants unda warmoadgendes. `mze
Sinas~ sxva variantebisagan am nimuSs pauzis xarjze Semoklebuli pirveli
marcvali gamoarCevs. SesaZloa, amis mizezi iyos erTi Semsruleblis mier
frazebis gaerTianebis mcdelobisas aRebuli mokle sunTqvebi.
sainteresoa mariam JuJunaZisagan Cawerili kupleturi wyobis `nana~.
misi hangi qarTl-kaxuri `ima mTazedas~ Sua xmas gvagonebs, romelic Tavis
mxriv, `iavnanas~ intonaciur formulas emyareba.
magaliTi 14. nana (mesxuri). Caw. 1996 w. viqtoria samsonaZis, qeTevan
bancaZis da maia gelaSvilis mier sof. musxSi (axalcixis r-ni). notir.
viqtoria samsonaZis mier.

es akvani ifnisao, iavnaninao,

121
 bavSvi miwevs siyrmisao, iavnaninao. . .
ururoebi modian, iavnaninao,
moaqvT Zili urmiTao, iavnaninao,
yvelas TiTo dauriges, iavnaninao,
Sen ki Segxvda sufriTao, iavnaninao.
tradiciuli motivisagan gansxvavebiT, II fraza SeCerebaa kilos
kvartul bgeraze (tradiciulSi terciazea SeCereba) da gansxvavebuli
kadansi iqmneba, Tanac orjer gafarToebuli. gansxvavebulia II winadadebis
refrenis saxiT gameoreba zogierTi kupletis Semdeg, rac iavnanas
tradiciul hangs afarToebs da amravalferovnebs. teqsti dasaZinebel,
samkurnalo da akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis saritualo ferxulis verbaluri
masalis kontaminacias warmoadgens.

aWara

aWaruli `nanas~ nimuSebi mindia Jordanias mier aris Cawerili

qobuleTSi 1972 wels.
Salva mSveliZis mier 1932 w. xulos raionis sof. didaWaraSi 60 wlis
xureSan xozrevaniZisagan Cawerili varianti yuradRebas imiT iqcevs, rom
qveda sayrdeni gamokveTili araa (ix. danarTi, mag # 40). misi SesaZlo
variantebia a, fis, e. kupletisa da misamReris farglebSi maJoruli kilos
daRmavali terciuli svla da aRmavali kvartuli kadansi originalur
JReradobas qmnis. aRsaniSnavia, rom igive Semsrulebeli zustad amave
hangsa da teqsts sxva SemTxvevaSi `sacekvarad~ asrulebs. meore nawilSi
mocemuli vrceli saleqso teqsti (`bziseqcielas yvavili...~) dasaZinebel
nimuSs SesaZloa iribad ukavSirdebodes masSi naxsenebi sityva `Zilis~
gamo.

cxrili #18

# dialeq Camweri, wya di bgera mixr met SeniSv

ti weli ro ap Trigi ilo ri na
az ba
1 aWarul m. Jo- 213b-5 6 heqs. maJ. orw.- ori

122
 i rdania. samw.; sayrd.
1972 Tavis
.
2 ,, 213b-6 5 pent. min. orw.; Crdilo
Tavis kavkas.
. gavs;
ori
sayrd.
mcdel.
3 ,, 213b-7 6 heqs. ,, cval. ori
sayrd.
4 ,, 213b-12 6 ,, min. Tavis VII-I
Crdilo
kavkas.
gavs
5 ,, 213b-11 5 pent. min. Tavis tirils
. gavs;
erTgan
VII saf.
6 ,, 213b-10 7 hept. maJ Tavis daRm.
. iavn.
tipi
7 ,, 213b-13 6 heqs. min ` erTgan
(7) (hept.) VII saf.
8 ,, 213g-13 7 hept. ` samwi daRm. q-
l. kax.
tipis
9 ,, 213g-14 5 pent. ` ` aRm. q-
kax.
tipis
10 ,, 213g- 15 6 tetr. gaur Tavis Seloc.
k. .
11 S. mSve- `akvn.n.~ 5 pent. + maJ. samw. qveda
liZe. # 40 + ? sayrd.
1932 ? ar
ikveT.;
`sacekva
ri~

ediSer garayaniZis Cawerili aWaruli `nana~ daRmavali triqordis

farglebSi dafiqsirebuli erT-erTi umartivesi magaliTia (danarTi, mag.
# 108), romelic intonaciuri saqcevebiT xevsurul nanebs mogvagonebs.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis am regionTan aWarul `nanebs~ kidev erTi
detali akavSirebs. es gaxlavT refreni `ruru~, romelic dasaZinebel
nimuSTa saxelwodebadac gvxvdeba _ `ruru nana~ (ix. audiodanarTi #12).

123
qobuleTSi fadime qaTamaZisagan Caweril `ruru nanas~ Zilis win saTqmeli
Turquli locvis teqsti uZRvis: `bismalah, irehxma, irexm~, rac `RmerTma
dagifaros~ niSnavs da ori nimuSis (locvisa da `nanas~) gaerTianebis
saerTo safuZvels _ mfarveli mizniT maT gamoyenebas adasturebs.
amave mTqmelisQmier aris gadmocemuli aWaruli `nanas~ kidev 4
varianti, romlebSic Tavisufali metri, farTo reCitaciuli frazebi, ori
kilouri sayrdenis monacvleoba SeiniSneba.
aWarul dialeqtSi gvxvdeba `iavnanad~ wodebuli `akvnis nana~
melodiis rogorc aRmavali, ise daRmavali tipis variantebiT. aqve
vxvdebiT `iavnanas~ hangSi Turquli zegavlenis SeWrisa (danarTi, mag. #
134-135) da Crdilokavkasiuri motivebis `nanasTan~ misadagebis faqtebs (ix.
audiodanarTi #13).
fadime qaTamaZisa da olia beraZis Zilispiruli `nanebis~ verbaluri
masala mTlianad gauriTmav teqstebs, refrenebs, Zilisaken mowodebas da
saalerso sityvebs emyareba.
2005 wels Suaxevis raionSi mowyobili kompleqsuri eqspediciis mier
bavSvis dasaZineblad dafiqsirda mediis saSualebiT gavrcelebuli
kompozitor jansuR kaxiZis `nana~ kinofilmidan `iavnana~ (reJisori nana
janeliZe, Semsrulebeli Tamar WoxoneliZe), romelic ZiriTadad
axalgazrda Taobis dedebis repertuarSi gvxvdeba.

lazeTi

lazur magaliTebSi gansxvavebul saxelwodebad `ha, nani~ gvxvdeba.

1963 wels sarfeli mavile Tandilavasagan Cawerili magaliTi aRmavali
glisandirebuli SeZaxiliT iwyeba (danarTi, mag. #41). kvartaze SeCerebis
Semdeg talRiseburi daSveba tonikisaken (e) melizmebiT uxvad Semkuli
intonirebiT xorcieldeba. saSemsruleblo manerac aRmosavluri
monodiuri intonirebis msgavsia. orive muxli tonikuri sayrdeniT
bolovdeba. pirvel frazaSi xazgasmulia kvartuli bgera, dasasrulisas ki
tonikuri. 1973 w. asie kakabaZisagan Cawerili variantis intonaciuri

124
principi igivea, magram reCitaciul-deklamaciuri tipisaa (ix. audiodanarTi
#14).
sarfeli mamakacis riza beqiriSis namReri nana eqvsi muxlisgan
Sedgeba da kupleturi wyobisaa.
magaliTi 15. nana (lazuri). Caw. 1973 w. grigol CxikvaZis mier sof.
sarfSi (xelvaCauris r-ni). mTqmeli riza huseinis Ze beqiriSi (49w.).
notirebuli nino SveliZisa da nino maxaraZis mier.

qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis laboratoriaSi daculi

seqstis diapazonis mqone nimuSis (ix. audiodanarTi #15) kilouri
gamdidreba xdeba dabali II safexuris xarjze, rac aRmosavlur gavlenas
unda mivaweroT. wina nimuSTan mas muxlis pirveli da bolo bgeris
gaxangrZliveba aaxloebs.

125
 cxrili #19

# dialeq Camwe wya dia bgeraTri mixr met Seni

ti ri, ro paz. gi ilo ri Svna
weli ba
1 lazuri gr. ef 4 tetr. min. 5/4,
Cxikva- 157-1 6/4
Ze. 1963
2 ,, ef 6 heqs. min. 10/8
205-12 (daba Zir.
li
II)
3 gr. ef 5 pent. min. Ser.
Cxikva- 205-36
Ze. 1973
4 ,, ef 4 tetr. maJ. 10/8
205-3
5 ef 5 pentaq. min. ,, sacek
,, 205-3 v.
ritm
6 ,, ef 5 ,, ,, 12/8 asr.
205-31 mamak
aci

***

Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa `nanas~ ori didi jgufi:

misadagebuli da miusadagebeli. pirveli uSualod daZinebis procesTanaa
dakavSirebuli, meore ki _ sxva garemoSi Sesrulebuli akvnis simRera.
misadagebul nanebSi SeiZleba gamovyoT ori _ Selocvis da melosuri
tipis nanebi.
SedarebiT Zvelia magiuri Selocvebis intonaciuri formulebis
msgavsi artikulaciuri tipi (Semoklebulad: Selocvebis tipis `nanebi~),
romlis damaxasiaTebel niSnebad mimaCnia:
 patara diapazoni, sekundur-terciul SeuRlebebze agebuli
reCitacia marcvlebis gamRerebis gareSe

126
  intonirebis ori done: sametyvelo tonur simaRleze warTqma;
frazebis damaboloebeli mowodebiTi aRmavali SeZaxilebi, an
sametyvelo intonaciebis warmoTqmis Taviseburebidan
(winadadebis bolos xmis daweva) momdinare daRmavali naxtomebi
 musikaluri azrovnebis arqauli safexurebisaTvis
arqetipisaTvis niSandoblivi ganmeorebadoba, romelic
gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis ostinaturobaSi vlindeba. zomieri
tempi;
 Sesrulebis gansakuTrebuli manera (RiRini, RuRuni, nazad,
tkbilad); butbutiT, duduniT intonireba.
 xazgasmulad dabali, registri, an maRal registrSi sagangebod
dawvrilebuli xmiT artikulireba.
 gauriTmavi sityvieri teqsti, gamoyenebuli refrenebiT
prozauli metyvelebis garkveul formaSi moqceva. intonirebaSi
sityvieri frazebis CarTva.
 RvTaebisadmi mimarTvis, bavSvis damSvidebis, gabruebis,
cxovelebis da frinvelebis gafrTxobis, Zilisaken mowodebis,
Selocvis, dalocvis semantikuri erTeulebis gamoyeneba.
cxadia, calke aRebuli TiToeuli am niSanTagani ver ayalibebs
tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebas da Sedegi mxolod
gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa kompleqsiT miiRweva. garda amisa, iSviaTia
mTlianad Selocvis tipze agebuli nimuSebi (xevsuruli, aWaruli,
guruli) da ZiriTadad, am tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli parametrebi
fragmentebis saxiT aris xolme CarTuli melosuri tipis magaliTebSi.
saweso funqciis Sesustebisa da gamoyenebiTi, praqtikuli funqciis
wina planze wamowevis Semdeg es damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi agrZeleben
arsebobas, calkeuli elementebis saxiT vlindebian Cven xelT arsebul
zogierT nimuSSi.
meore _ melosuri tipis _ `nanas~ mReradoba da SedarebiT
ganviTarebuli struqturuli Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs. masSi SeimCneva
sametyvelo reCitaciidan gadasvla teqstis gamRerebaze, sayrdeni
safexurebis SemomRereba. damaxasiaTebeli ritmuli figuris (mervedi-

127
meoTxedi) gabatonebuli roli. myari metris mqone melodikis akvnis
simRerebSi struqturis sxva tipi gvxvdeba, romelsac mniSvnelovanwilad
gansazRvravs verbaluri teqstis saleqso forma. am tipis magaliTebs
vxvdebiT mTel saqarTveloSi, magram ufro metad ganviTarebuli
magaliTebi baris regionebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. am jgufSi sami
qvetipis saxiT unda gavaerTianoT `iavnanas~ hangze, datirebis reCitatiul-
deklamaciaze agebuli nimuSebi da maTgan gansxvavebuli hangis mqone
`nanebi~.
akvnis simRerebSi calke tipad yalibdeba nimuSebi sakravis
TanxlebiT, romlebic Tianur, qarTlur, svanur, megrul, gurul,
dialeqtebSi, agreTve afxazur folklorSi e. w. `miusadagebel~ simReraTa
jgufSi erTiandebian. am nimuSebSi sakravieri Tanxlebis arseboba SesaZloa
dakavSirebuli iyos sakravis magiur funqciasTan. sakmarisia gavixsenoT
unayofo xis, uSvilo qalis, avadmyofi saqonlis, Wirveuli bavSvis
sakraviT Selocvis faqtebi. agreTve, mfarveli angelozebis, batonebis
gulis mogebis, maameblobis, mobodiSebis ritualebi. akvnis `nanas~
Sesrulebis wesSi sakravis arsebobas udavod xeli Seuwyo samkurnalo da
dasaZinebeli nimuSebis daaxloeba-gaigivebis procesma, esTetikuri
moTxovnilebebiT gamowveulma saojaxo muzicirebam.
ramdenime sityviT unda aRiniSnos mamakacebis mier akvnis simRerad an
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, akvnis `nanad~ namRer nimuSebze (mesxeTi, lazeTi,
kaxeTi, samegrelo). isini Sinaarsobrivad, poeturad, melodiur-
intonaciurad, struqturulad ganviTarebul variantebs warmoadgenen da
zogadadAmravalxmiani azrovnebis principTa gamovlinebis naTel
dadasturebad gvevlinebian.
`nanas~ sanoto Canawerebsa da audiomasalaSi Cans Crdilokavkasiuri
(TuSeTSi, aWaraSi), aRmosavluri _ Turqul-azerbaijanuli (lazeTsa da
saingiloSi), evropuli (TianeTSi, TbilisSi), baiaTis tipis qalaquri
(TianeTSi) sasimRero nakadis SemoWra. ukanaskneli periodis tendenciaa
intonaciuri speqtris gafarToeba poetebisa da kompozitorebis mier
bavSvebisaTvis Seqmnili simRerebiT. 2005 w. savele-saeqspedicio masaliT
mtkicdeba axalgazrda Taobis dedebSi sabavSvo satelevizio
gadacemebisaTvis Seqmnili nawarmoebebisa da kinomusikis gamoyeneba.

128
 Tavi IV

mravalxmiani `akvnis simRera~

yofaSi SemorCenili erTxmiani dasaZinebeli nimuSebis gverdiT

qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, aWaraSi, raWaSi,
svaneTSi, greTve, afxazeTSi gvxvdeba mravalxmiani `akvnis nana~.
sainteresoa, rom mravalxmiani `akvnis simRera~ sxva xalxTa
folklorSic arsebobs da misi gavrcelebis areali emTxveva
mravalxmianobis gavrcelebis kerebs. mravalxmiani `akvnis simRera~
tradiciul musikaSi aqvT osebs, inguSebs, donis kazakebs, espanelebs,
ukrainelebs, afrikis zogierT toms.
Tu gaviziarebT im mosazrebas, rom mravalxmiani azrovnebis principi
zogierTi xalxis Tandayolili Tvisebaa (Жордания, И. 1986), unda vaRiaroT,
rom dasaZinebeli nimuSis mravalxmiani variantic sakmaod Zveli unda iyos.
cnobili eTnografis _ igor konis azriT `sazogadoebis ganviTarebis
adreul etapebze bavSvebis socializacia xorcieldeboda mTeli Temis
erToblivi ZalisxmeviT. ganviTarebis Semdgom etapze pirveladi
socializaciis mniSvnelovan institutad iqceva didi ojaxi, rac xels
uwyobs aRzrdis Sinaarsisa da meTodebis individualizaciasa da
diferenciacias~ (Кон, 1983: 187. citirebulia _ Керимова, 1985).
dasaZinebeli nimuSebis mravalxmiani variantis arsebobis faqti
SeiZleba migvaniSnebdes maTi warmoSobis siZveleze, magramMqalisa da
bavSvis urTierToba yoveldRiuri yofis am momentSi imdenad Taviseburi
movlenaa, rom erTgvarad gamoricxavs kidec jgufur intonaciur qmedebas.
Zneli saTqmelia, rodidan damkvidrda mravalxmiani `nana~ saojaxo
muzicirebaSi. yoveldRiurad, zogjer dReSi ramdenjerme Sesasrulebeli
erTxmiani nimuSisagan gansxvavebiT, yofis erTeul, gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi,
marTlac, SesaZlebeli iyo misi or an sam xmaSi Sesruleba. tradiciul
qarTul did ojaxSi Zeobis ritualze, akvanSi axalSobilis pirveli
Cawvenisas an avadmyofi bavSvis sawolTan Sekrebil axloblebs
dasaZinebeli `naninas~ mraval xmaSi Sesruleba ar gauWirdebodaT. igive
unda iTqvas koleqtiuri SromisaTvis TavSeyrazec. am TvalsazrisiT,

129
sagulisxmoa cnoba, rom saqarTvelos zogierT raionSi, mkis samuSaoebis
dros, Tu saxlSi aravin rCeboda, qalebs bavSvebi xurjinebiT, an akvnebiT
mihyavdaT xolme mindorSi (maWavariani, 1957: 255).
Janruli difuziis Sedegad miRebul mravalxmian `akvnis simReras~
(ix. danarTi, mag. 135) asrulebdnen `inguSi kolmeurne qalebi, romlebsac
Svilebi simindis yanaSi muSobisas miuyvanes~ (Речмeнский, 1965;31). afrikaSi
kongos tomis qalebi akvnis simRerebs mRerian rogorc erT xmaSi, ise
mravalxmianad (ix. danarTi, mag. #137-138), roca zurgze mokidebuli bavSviT
deda saqmianobs koconTan, muSaobs yanaSi, an cexvavs marcvleuls, xolo
iqve myofi mezoblebi tipuri responsoriT, an imitaciuri polifoniuri
xerxebis gamoyenebiT exmianebian mas (Станислав, 1973: 374).
amrigad, uSualod socialur-yofiT garemoSi `nanas~ mravalxmiani
modelis warmoqmnis gzebad saojaxo muzicirebis procesSi warmoqmnili
Janruli difuzia SeiZleba miviCnioT. aseT SemTxvevebSi gadamwyvet rols
TamaSobs socialuri faqtori, romelic ganapirobebs Janruli
kategoriebis daaxloebas.
meore gza dakavSirebulia esTetikur faqtorTan, romelsac XIX
saukunis bolodan dawyebul sagundo-sakoncerto praqtikasTan mivyavarT.
qalTa tradiciuli folkloris es patara nawili, romlis warmoSobas
mkvlevrebi Soreul warsuls ukavSireben, mamakacebma ar dakarges,
intonaciur fondSi Semoinaxes da mravalxmiani lirikuli
kompoziciebisTvisac gamoiyenes. am process xeli Seuwyo erovnul-
ganmaTavisuflebelma moZraobam, romelmac qarTveli dedis mier akvnidanve
samSoblosaTvis Tavganwiruli gmiris aRzrdis idea wina planze wamoswia.
rogorc viciT, im periodis folklorul ansamblebSi ZiriTadad mxolod
mamakacebi monawileobdnen (lado aRniaSvilis ˛`qarTuli xoros~·qalTa
jgufma mxolod erT koncertSi miiRo monawileoba da mere daiSala).
`nana~, `nana~ (kaxuri) da `nanina~ (megruli) sxva simRerebTan erTad
Setanilia `ratilis xoros~ 1894 da 1895 ww. sakoncerto programebSi
(lekiSvili, 1961: 50, 57-58). aRsaniSnavia, rom akvnis nana, rogorc qalTa
tradiciuli repertuaris centraluri nawili, erT-erTi pirveli Janria,
romelic mamakacebma sakoncerto estradaze gamoitanes. mogvianebiT maT
repertuarSi samkurnalo nimuSebic gaCnda (erqomaiSvili, 2005: 179).

130
 zogjer mravalxmiani `naninas~ mamakacebis mier Sesrulebis mizezi
iyo is socio-kulturuli garemo, romelSic qals uxdeboda cxovreba.
gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi kompozitor Salva mSveliZes aWaruli
`nanas~ orxmiani nimuSi xulos raionis sof. gurZavlSi mamakacebisagan
imitom Cauweria (mSveliZe, 1932, 2/35), rom adgilobrivi wesebis Tanaxmad,
qalebis naxvis ufleba ara hqonda (ix. danarTi, mag. # 52). dasavleT
saqarTvelos es regioni saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi TurqeTis batonobis qveS
imyofeboda da sarwmunoeba ukrZalavda qalebs ucxo mamakacebTan
Sexvedras, miT ufro _ mReras.
mravalxmiani `akvnis simRera~ mamakacebs qarTul sufrasTanac
SeeZloT eTqvaT, rogorc erT-erTi tradiciuli sadRegrZelos musikaluri
gaformeba, rogorc deda-Sviluri siyvarulis, dedis, qalis wminda saxis
Tayvaniscemis musikalur-poeturi suraTi. cnobilia, rom swored nadimi
aRmoCnda is xelsayreli garemo, sadac qarTveli kacis SemoqmedebiTma
fantaziam farTo gasaqani hpova da Tavi mouyara gansxvavebuli Janrisa Tu
stilis mxatvrul qmnilebebs.
mravalxmiani `akvnis simReris~ pirveli sanoto Canawerebi XIX s-is
bolodan gvxvdeba. Jurnal `nobaTis~ 1884 w. # 1-Si gamoqveynebulia
romanoz ZamsaSvilisagan notebze gadaRebuli samxmiani `nana~ ilia
WavWavaZis teqstze (ZamsaSvili, 1884: 16). zaqaria CxikvaZis mier saswavlo
mizniT Sedgenil krebulSic Setanilia ori samxmiani magaliTi. maTi
sityvieri teqstebi ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki wereTlis poetur qmnilebebs
efuZneba (CxikvaZe, 1896 : ## 3, 15).
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi MCawerili mravalxmiani `akvnis
simRera~ TiToeuli kuTxisaTvis damaxasiaTebel mravalxmianobis tipsa da
kompoziciur princips emyareba.
Sevecdebi arsebuli CanawerebiTa da sanoto nimuSebiT davasabuTo
mravalxmiani lirikuli akvnis simReris warmoqmnis zemoT aRniSnuli gzebi.
qarTluri variantebi rogorc orxmiani, ise fanduris Tanxlebis
mqone samxmiani magaliTebis saxiT SemogvrCa.
giorgi svaniZis mier sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva sofelSi Cawerili
orxmiani nimuSebi (ix. danarTi, mag. # 42-43) intonaciurad msgavsia:
aRmavali svla tonikidan terciul bgeraze SeCerebiT da kvinturi bgeridan

131
daSveba II safexurisaken. gansxvaveba mxolod burdonuli banis saxeobebsa
da nimuSTa struqturaSi vlindeba: 1919 w. goris raionis sofel karbSi
Caweril magaliTs samsafexuriani (I-VII-I-II)Agabmuli burdonuli bani da
orfraziani sasimRero muxli aqvs, romelic saleqso striqonis kupletebis
Sesabamisad meordeba. znauris raionis sofel ZvileTSi Cawerili nimuSi ki
orsafexurian reCitatiul burdons emyareba (danarTi, mag. # 42).
striqonebs Soris CarTuli kvinturi SeZaxilebiTE(t. 13-14), teqstSi arurus
xsenebiT, igi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kuTxeebis erTxmian
dasaZineblebs uaxlovdeba. burdonuli orxmianobis martivi forma,
gauriTmavi, heterometruli saleqso strofebi (10/8, 10/8, 6/6, 10/8, 8/8),
gamRerebis minimaluri xarisxi, am Canawerebis auTenturobaze migvaniSnebs.
(eWvs iwvevs Camweris mier aRniSnuli oTxwiladoba. ufro marTebuli
iqneboda zomis 6/4-iT aRniSvna).
meoradi, sakoncerto artikulaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-
Tvisebebi (dinamikuri da agogikuri niuansebis dafiqsireba) vlindeba 1943 w.
gr. kokelaZis mier nino togoniZisagan da momReralTa jgufisagan Caweril
`iavnanad~ wodebul nimuSSi, romelic fanduris Svidtaqtiani SesavliT
iwyeba (danarTi, mag. # 44). TanxlebaAmTlianad tremolos saSemsruleblo
xerxs emyareba, romelic kargad esadageba zeda xmebis Tavisufal, mRerad-
improvizaciul intonirebas. kupletebi erTmaneTisagan safanduro
intermediiTaa gamijnuli. sakravi ZiriTadad, simReris harmoniul
safuZvels warmoadgens, magram zogan melodias aormagebs. saweso-
ritualur nimuSebTan kavSiri mJRavndeba safanduro Tanxlebis arsebobaSi,
samkurnalo `iavnanas~ teqstebidan momdinare miTologiuri simboloebisa
da akaki wereTlis leqsidan aRebuli dasaZinebeli strofis
kontaminaciaSi. samxmiani nimuSis Sua xmaSi `iavnanas~ aRmavali intonaciuri
formulaa gamoyenebuli. igi metrulad da ritmulad Secvlili saxiTaa
(orwiladoba samwiladobis nacvlad) mocemuli. zeda xma banze oqtavuri
daSenebiT warmoiqmneba. bani gabmuli burdonulia da or safexurs (I-VII-I)
moicavs. didi gamRerebebiT, uxvi melizmebiT, fermatoebiT, Bbolo muxlSi
melodiis septimuri bgeridan daSvebiT (t. 29), mravalxmiani akvnis simReris
es magaliTi regionisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli stiluri niSnebis aSkarad
gamomxatvelia.

132
 kaxuri `nanas~ magaliTebSic aSkaraa ori tipis mravalxmiani
nimuSebis arseboba. gancalkevebiT dgas yvarlis raionis sofel SildaSi
mindia Jordanias mier 1962 w. Cawerili `nana~ (ix. danarTi, mag. # 46).
burdonuli orxmianobiT, g kiloSi seqstis diapazonSi warmodgenili
daRmavali samwiladi hangiT igi amave regionSi mopovebuli samkurnalo
nimuSebisa da RvTis karze saTqmeli `iavnanebis~ sakadanso frazebis
msgavsia.

magaliTi 16. RvTis karze saTqmeli iavnana. Caw. mindia Jordanias mier
1962 w. sof. SildaSi, yvarlis raionSi, salome aRniaSvilisagan.
notirebuli ediSer garayaniZis mier.

aRniSnuli `nanas~ orxmianoba eTnoforis (saTo gioSvilis) mier

mravalxmiani JReradobis esTetikuri aRqmiT aris axsnili. Camweris
SekiTxvaze, Tu ratom mRerian `nanas~ or xmaSi, Semsrulebelma upasuxa:
`banic SeiZleba uTxran, uxdeba~ (ix. mindia Jordanias saeqspedicio
dRiuri, yvareli, I. qxmSl arqivi).
sakoncerto SesrulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli detalebi naTlad Cans
zaqaria CxikvaZis mier Caweril samxmian variantSi. mas safuZvlad udevs
akaki wereTlis cnobili leqsis gaxalxurebuli versia. saavtoro teqstis
gaxalxureba xdeba striqonebs Soris refrenis _ `nanas getyvi, daiZineo~-s
CarTviT (danarTi, mag. # 45). refreni sagundo monakveTis damasrulebel

133
nagebobas emTxveva. damwyebis `iavnanas~ formulaze agebul partias gundi
pasuxobs, romlis reCitatiuli bani SedarebiT moZravia, damaxasiaTebeli
svlebiT I-II_III_I. igi terciuli da araterciuli wyobis akordebis (35, 46, 57,

79) harmoniul safuZvels warmoadgens. zeda ori xmis intervaluri

Sefardeba terciulia.
valerian cagareiSvilisa da durmiSxan goderZiSvilis mier
Cawerili magaliTebi (ix. danarTi, mag. #47 da 49) mravalxmianobiT,
harmoniuli eniT, formiT identuria da zaqaria CxikvaZiseuli nimuSis
msgavsia, gansxvaveba solistebis mier sawyisi frazis ornamentirebasa da
sayrdenad gamokveTili tonebis SemomRerebaSi mJRavndeba. yvela maTgani
`iavnanas~ aRmavali intonaciuri formulis Tavisufal, improvizaciul
gamRerebazea agebuli.
msgavseba SeiniSneba sagundo monakveTebSic. qarTluri variantebisagan
gansxvavebiT, sadac banSi mxolod ori funqcia gvaqvs _ I-VII, kaxur
magaliTebSi sagrZnoblad aris gafarToebuli VI safexuris intonaciuri
sfero. es gansakuTrebiT naTlad Cans cnobili momRerlebisa da
lotbarebis vano mWedliSvilisa da maro TarxniSviliseul SesrulebaSi
(danarTi, mag. ## 49, 109). zogadad kaxuri intonirebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani (farTo sunTqvaze agebuli frazebi,
Sidamarcvlovani gamRerebani, melizmebi,) cxadia, am nimuSTa faqturaSic
iCens Tavs.
mravalxmiani `akvnis simReris~ kaxuri variantis erT-erTi adreuli
Canaweri (`xmebi warsulidan~, naw. II, kd 10 # 24) Tamar mamalaZis mier 1950
w. aris ganxorcielebuli. Semsruleblebi Telavis raionis sofel arTanis
mcxovrebni _ giorgi simaSvili da solomon CaCauri arian (danarTi, mag. #
131). imave sofelSi rva wlis Semdeg imave Semsruleblebisagan oTar
CijavaZesac aqvs Cawerili `nana~ (danarTi, mag. # 48). es faqti nimuSebis
Sedarebis saSualebas gvaZlevs da adasturebs variantulobis principebis
arsebobas erTsadaimave SemsrulebelTa repertuarSi. kaxeli
momRerlebisagan Cawerili es nimuSebi lirikuli sferos sxva
simRerebsac uaxlovdeba. aSkaraa kavSiri simRerasTan `gafrindi Savo,
mercxalo~.

134
 qarTl-kaxuri musikaluri dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
mravalxmianobis tips nino ciciSvili `rubato-melizmatur~ polifonias
uwodebs. saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeTa mravalxmianobisagan es tipi zeda ori
xmis melizmaturi bunebiT gansxvavdeba (ciciSvili, 1996).
yuradRebas iqcevs zaqaria CxikvaZis krebulSi dabeWdili samxmiani
`nana~, romelic evropuli tonikur-dominanturi harmoniis gavleniT
Seqmnili qalaquri tipis simReras warmoadgens (ix. danarTi, mag. #110).
`nanas~ mravalxmiani nimuSebis damokidebuleba regionis `Janrul-
stilur dominantze~ aSkarad igrZnoba dasavleT saqarTvelos kuTxeTa
nimuSebSic. gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia mamakacebis mier namReri orxmiani
aWaruli `nanas~ kavSiri am kuTxis sacekvao hangebTan A(danarTi, mag. # 52).
sxvaTa Soris, es siaxlove zogierT erTxmian aWarul nimuSSic Cans.A
svaneTSi, sofel farSi erTi ojaxis wevrebis mier Sesrulebul
orxmian `nanaSi~ (Camweri Salva mSveliZe) advilad SesamCnevia WunirisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli svlebi I-II-VII-VI-VII-I safexurebze (danarTi, mag. # 50). es
sakravi Semdgomi periodis CanawerebSi svanuri `nanailas~ Sesrulebis
aucilebel elementad gvevlineba. silvia bol-zempis (1994 w.), natalia
zumbaZis (2007 w.), ansambl `Savnabadas~ (2008 w.) mier eqspediciebSi
mopovebuli masala daZinebis procesisagan mowyvetil erTxmian lirikul
`nanailas~ swored Wunirze damRerebuli variantebis saxiT warmogvidgens.
kaxeTSi gadmosaxlebuli svanebi _ ansambl .`zedaSes~ wevrebi _ samxmian
`nanebs~ erT SemTxvevaSi Wuniris, sxvagan ki Wunirisa da Cangis TanxlebiT
asruleben (danarTi, mag. # 82). sainteresoa, rom bolo dros Tbilisuri
ansamblebis (`fesvebi~, `qarTuli xmebi~) repertuarSi `svanuri nanailas~
gaoTxxmianebulma versiamac gaiJRera.

magaliTi 17. nanaila (svanuri). ansambli `fesvebi~. Nnotirebuli

marina xuxunaiSvilis mier.

135
 bansa da Sua xmas Soris damatebuli xma kadansSi bans uerTdeba da
oTxxmianoba mxolod erTi taqtis farglebSi JRers.
svanuri `nanailas~ Mmravalxmian variantebs samwiladoba da rbili
sinkopa axasiaTebT, riTac isini sxva kuTxeTa erTxmiani nimuSebis msgavsia.
raWaSi kompozitor daviT ToraZis mier mopovebuli orxmiani `nana~
(ix. danarTi, mag. # 51) aSkarad samxmiani wyobis zeda ori xmis Canawers
warmoadgens (rogorc Cans, Caweris momentSi dabali xmis mTqmeli ar
hyavdaT). banis samReri savaraudo bgerebi (I-VII-I) Cem mier frCxilebSia
mocemuli. amasTan, maRali xma, qarTluri variantebis msgavsad, banze
oqtavis daSenebiT miiReba. aseTive mosazreba qarTlur `iavnanasTan~
dakavSirebiT gamoTqmuli aqvT ediSer garayaniZesa (garayaniZe, 1984:17-19) da
nato zumbaZes (zumbaZe, 1997:129).

magaliTi 18. nana (raWuli). Cawerili daviT ToraZis mier, 1954 wels,
ambrolauris r-nSi, sof. WyviSSi.

136
 `nanas~ samxmiani nimuSebi yvelaze didi raodenobiT mogvepoveba
samegreloSi (ix. danarTi, mag. ## 63-71 da 94-98) _ regionSi, romlis
musikalur indeqss lirizmi warmoadgens.Mmegruli nimuSebis
damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba maTi melodiis daRmavali, glisandirebuli
tipia, romelic axlos dgas datirebebis intonaciur samyarosTan, xolo
poetur teqstebSi socialuri uTanasworobis Tematika sWarbobs.M`sisa
turas~ variantebSi gamoirCeva grigol kokelaZis mier 1930 w. cnobili
triosagan _ porfile gabelia, rema Selegia, biqtor abSilava Cawerili
nimuSi (danarTi, mag. # 66), romlis samwiladoba daviT SuRliaSvils
aratipuri movlenebis rigSi Sehyavs (SuRliaSvili, 2008). Cemi azriT ki,
swored samwiladobiT gamorCeuli es magaliTi amJRavnebs kavSirs saweso
nimuSebTan.
megruli mravalxmiani `nanas~ sanoto CanawerebSi gansakuTrebiT
Warbobs sasceno folklorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebi _

137
dinamiuri da agogiuri niuansebi (pianisimo, kreSCendo, diminuendo,
ritenuto). ediSer garayaniZis azriT, meorad SemsruleblobaSi dinamiur
niuansebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba evropuli sagundo musikidan unda
momdinareobdes (garayaniZe, ed. 2007: 118). gvxvdeba agreTve, mokumuli piriT
mRera (danarTi, mag. # 71), iseTi rTuli saSemsruleblo forma, rogoric
triosa da gundis monacvleobaa (danarTi, mag. # 70). Bbanis aqtiuri svlebi
da calke warmosaTqmeli sityvieri teqstiT Sua xmis mogvianebiT Sesvla
melodiuri xazebis damoukideblobisaken swrafvas, masalis ganviTarebis
ufro maRal dones gviCvenebs. triosa da gundis monakveTebSi musikaluri
TvalsazrisiT sxvaoba minimaluria da es xerxi momReralTa raodenobis
mixedviT koloritis cvalebadobisaTvis unda iyos gamoyenebuli. saerTod,
Sesrulebis aseTi forma guriisaTvis ufro metadaa damaxasiaTebeli,
magram iq dapirispirebis efeqti Mintonaciuri masalis gansxvavebulobiTac
miiRweva.
svanuri da megruli nimuSebis intonirebisas gansakuTrebiT
TvalSisacemia Tanxmovani fonemebis calke gamRerebis artikulaciuri
xerxi, romelic zogadad, qarTuli sasimRero metyvelebis (rogorc
sofluri simReris, ise sagaloblis) damaxasiaTebel stilur
Taviseburebad unda CaiTvalos.
sagundo-saSemsruleblo praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli samxmiani `nana~
XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis fonoCanawerebSic Cans. mravalxmiani `nanas~
saxelwodebaSi kuTxuri kuTvnilebis xazgasma _ sasceno folklorisaTvis
metad damaxasiaTebeli movlena, swored am periodidan unda iRebdes
saTaves. Mmravalxmiani, lirikuli `naninas~ sakoncerto estradaze, sabWour
olimpiadebsa da daTvalierebebze, gramfirfitebiT Tu radioeTeriT xSirma
Sesrulebam xeli Seuwyo mis popularizacias. magram, meore mxriv,
uaryofiTi rolic Seasrula da sxvadasxva ansamblis repertuarSi, Tu
saojaxo ansamblSi akvnis simReris erTi, popularuli varianti daamkvidra.
es identuroba sanoto CanawerebSic iCens Tavs. guriaSi kote
focxveraSvilis, grigol CxikvaZis, anzor erqomaiSvilis, nana valiSvilis
da imereTSi eduard savickis mier sxvadasxva dros Cawerili samxmiani
nimuSebi Zalian gavs erTmaneTs.

138
magaliTi 19

magaliTi 20

magaliTi 21

139
 magaliTi 22

Cemi azriT, isini xalxur safuZvelze Seqmnili, Semdeg ki

koncertebiTa da mediis saSualebiT xalxSi gavrcelebuli erTi simReris
gansxvavebuli interpretirebaa. .`guruli nanas~ megreliZiseuli variantis
gavrcelebas xeli Seuwyo siko doliZis kinofilm `darikoSi~ (1936 w.) misma
gamoyenebam.
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis mravalxmiani `akvnis simRerebi~ XX
saukunis meore naxevris mamakacTa meoradi folkloruli ansamblebis
repertuarSic gvxvdeba (rusTavi, goris gundi, georgika, basiani).
Janris istoriuli morfologiis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa urTulesi polifoniuri azrovnebiT gamorCeul regionSi –
guriaSi dafiqsirebul mravalxmian `akvnis simRerebze~ dakvirveba.
G `guruli nanas~ saxelwodebiT SemorCenil nimuSs xalxuri sagundo
xelovnebis didostatis _ avqsenti megreliZis (1877-1953) xeli atyvia (ix.
danarTi, mag. # 57). dedisagan _ melinki bolqvaZisagan mosmenili `nana~ mas
meCongure qalTa ansamblisaTvis gadaumuSavebia (moiswrafiSvili, 2005: 274).
a kilos terciuli bgeridan aRmavali moZraoba da kvintis diapazoni
cxadyofs kavSirs sakulto ritualur sagalobelTan. Tumca, tradiciuli
SemsruleblobisaTvis uCveulo faqti _ ramdenime Conguris erTad
gamoyeneba, solistisa da duetis monacvleoba saConguro Tanxlebis
fonze, banis partiis mokumuli piriT Sesruleba, kupletebs Soris
reCitaciuli frazebis CarTva, zeda xmebis unisonuri svlebiT miRebuli
kadansebi, aaSkaravebs akademiuri sagundo koleqtivis sasceno
gamosvlisaTvis sagangebod Seqmnili nomris xelovnurobas (megreliZe,
1986: #1).

140
 SeZaxilebi _ `siso, nena! eci muria! Aar moxvide, tura!~ guruli
erTxmiani `nanas~ teqstebSic gvxvdeba. Mfolklorist marina xuxunaiSvils
1982 wlis guriis eqspediciaSi, sof. zemo akeTSi mcxovrebi mariam
sixaruliZisagan swored aseTi SeZaxilebiani guruli `nanas~ erTxmiani
nimuSi mousmenia (xuxunaiSvili, 1982: 3). Mmisi naambobiT, `bebias dabali,
tkbili xma hqonda, magram `nanaSi~ aseTi SeZaxilebis dros xmas sagangebod
waiwvrilebda turis mibaZviT da moferebiT, TamaSiT, TiTqosda bavSvis
SesaSineblad, terciis farglebSi iwyebda intonirebas~. sagulisxmoa, rom
gamoyenebuliE SeZaxilebi gurul nimuSebs megrul nanebTanac aaxlovebs.
samegreloSi xom `sisa tura~ mravalxmiani akvnis simReris yvelaze
gavrcelebuli saxelwodebaa. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos baris mravalxmian
nimuSebSi msgavsi saSemsruleblo xerxi ar gamoiyeneba, Tumca mTis
regionebis (magaliTad, xevsureTis, xevis da mTiuleTis) erTxmian
dasaZineblebSi ki gvxvdeba. erTxmianobaSi gamoyenebuli es semantikuri
erTeuli damoukidebel struqturas ayalibebs da am verbalur formulaze
SeZaxilis nacvlad kvintis diapazonis mqone texili intonaciuri svliT
iswrafvis tonikisaken (danarTi, mag. ## 65, 66).
aRsaniSnavia, rom mravalxmiani, lirikuli `nanas~ gurul variantebSi
dasaZinebel striqonebs akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis ritualisaTvis
niSandoblivi sityvieri teqsti erwymis. damaxasiTebelia patriotuli
Tematikac.
guriaSi mravalxmiani `akvnis simReris~ erT-erT saxelwodebad
`ilias nana~ fiqsirdeba (danarTi, mag. #132). masSi verbalur masalad
gamoyenebulia ilia WavWavaZis cnobili teqsti. es nimuSic avqsenti
megreliZis mieraa damuSavebuli gasuli saukunis 40-ian wlebSi sufsaSi
mcxovrebi iliko gujabiZis mier damRerebuli dasaZinebeli `nanas~
safuZvelze, magram gacilebiT axlos dgas xalxur musikalur
azrovnebasTan, vidre amave lotbaris mier damuSavebuli, zemoT ganxiluli
`guruli nana~. samxmian gundSi mocemuli tradiciuli akordikiT, Conguris
daxvewili, teqnikurad rTuli, rafinirebuli TanxlebiT igi patriotuli
lirikis brwyinvale nimuSad gvevlineba. simReras gansakuTrebul formas
aniWebs yoveli ori strofis Semdeg CarTuli misamReri (taqti 16-20).

141
 igive nimuSi 1953 w. grigol kokelaZes saConguro Tanxlebis gareSe
Sereuli triosa (manana abSilava, amiran beraZe, aleqsandre ananiZe) da
gundis SesrulebiT mousmenia:

magaliTi 23. nana. Cawerili da notirebuli grigol kokelaZis mier. ix.

misi `21 qarTuli xalxuri simRera moswavleTaTvis~.

vladimer axobaZes es `nana~ saConguro TanxlebiT varlam niniZisagan

Cauweria (axobaZe, aWara, 1959; ix. audiodanarTi #16).
gancalkevebiT dgas saqarTvelos saxalxo artistis, ansambl
`iadonis~ xelmZRvanelis giorgi saluqvaZisagan (1919–1990) 1988 w. Cawerili
`iavnana~ (Camweri Nnana valiSvili). es magaliTi SedarebiT vrceli, 8-
taqtiani saConguro SesavliT iwyeba. samwiladoba rbili sinkopiT
saferxulo wyobasTan kavSiriT aris ganpirobebuli: sakravis partiaSi
warmodgenilia guruli saZeobo ferxulis _ `mze Sina da mze gareTas~ _
gadamuSavebuli motivi.
Cven xelT arsebuli guruli mravalxmiani `nanas~ umetesoba, agreTve,
zogierTi megruli da afxazuri nimuSic, mag., `veengara, nana, squa~ _

142
`didou, nana~ (moiswrafiSvili, n. 2005: 183) da `muhajiruli nana~ (axobaZe,
1956: ix. audiodanarTi #17) Conguris TanxlebiT sruldeba. am ukanasknels
axlavs vrceli sagundo Sesavali da koda, romelic intonaciurad megrul
mravalxmian `akvnis simRerebs~ gavs. `veengara, nana squas~ cnobili
varianti gamoCenil lotbars _ kiwi gegeWkors miewereba (CijavaZe, 1959:1):
misi moRvaweoba afxazeTis sagundo koleqtivebSi ki cnobili faqtia.
afxazuri `nanas~ sakoncertod momzadebuli es varianti SesaZloa misi
Semoqmedebis nayofi iyos. gansakuTrebul elfers qmnis kadansSi
gamoyenebuli 58-is da sakravis partiaSi mocemuli 45-is Serwyma.
wignSi `qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~ ivane
javaxiSvils moaqvs cnoba guriaSi Congurze `Zilad mosvlis wyobis~
arsebobis Sesaxeb (javaxiSvili, 1938: 280). art. erqomaiSvilis (1887-1967)
mixedviT, guriaSi `nanebi~, iseve rogorc `sabodiSoebi~ Zvel _ I (f-a-c-f)
da II (f-a-c-e) wyobebSi sruldeboda. giorgi saluqvaZisagan Caweril
nimuSSi Conguri III (f-g-c-g) wyobaSia. yuradRebas iqcevs Congurisa da
momRerlebis partiebis vertikalSi Seqmnili poliakorduli Sexamebebi,
poliharmoniuli sakadanso brunvebi (danarTi, mag. # 56, 59).
`naninas~ Sesrulebis maneraze zust miniSnebas saConguro simRerebis
dasaRiRineblebad moxsenieba warmoadgens (erqomaiSvili, G2005:13). Aartem
erqomaiSvilis cnobiT, guriaSi `nanina~ sxva saConguro simRerebis msgavsad
pirveli xmis, moZaxilisa da banis mier sruldeboda (iqve). saerTod,
mamakacTa tradiciuli auTentikuri saSemsruleblo praqtikisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli daZabuli, Ria, savse xmiT mRera mravalxmian lirikul
nimuSebSi sagangebod ganazebuli artikulaciiT (SesaZloa qalebis
mibaZviT), rbili, `damtkbari~ maneriTaa Secvlili, rac udavod `nanas~
Janruli specifikiT (dedis gancdebi, bavSvuri samyaro) da lirikuli
ganwyobiT aris ganpirobebuli.
lirikuli `nana~ ori variantiTaa mocemuli Aartem erqomaiSvilis
sanoto krebulSi. pirveli mravalxmiani akvnis simReris erT xmaSi
Sesrulebas warmoadgens Conguris akompanementiT (danarTi, mag. # 133) da
emTxveva avqsenti megreliZis `guruli nanas~ zeda xmas. Mmeore ki sruliad
sxva simReraa, romelic axlos dgas mamakacTa salaRobo-saRiRino
`naninasTan~, rasac ganviTarebuli melodiuri xazi, SedarebiT

143
garTulebuli bani, dasaZinebeli simRerebis teqstebisaTvis ucxo samRerisi
_ `ovdeliac~ adasturebs. rogorc Cans, did xelovans ganwyobilebiT
msgavsi `naninasaTvis~ dasaZinebeli teqsti miusadagebia (danarTi, mag. # 61).
mravalxmiani `naninas~ guruli variantebis rigs metad originaluri
nimuSi Semata ansamblma `georgikam~. sagaloblis stilistikiT aRbeWdili
garTulebuli xmaTasvla, linearuli ganviTarebiT miRebuli rTuli
akordebi tradiciul CarCoebSi mamakacTa improvizaciuli
SesaZleblobebis naTeli dadasturebaa (ix. qvemoT, magaliTi 24 da
audiodanarTi # 18).
qarTul xalxur polifoniur simRerebSi improvizaciis xelovnebaze
mosazrebebi gamoTqmuli aqvs ediSer garayaniZes. igi calk-calke
ganixilavs musikaluri gamomsaxvelobis sxvadasxva elementis
SesaZleblobebs improvizaciis procesSi. magaliTad, igi saubrobs
`melodiis gamravalferovnebis qveSecneul survilze~, romelic sxva
araferia, Tu ara swrafva musikaluri qsovilis esTetikur daxvewa-
srulyofisaken (garayaniZe, ed. 1988: 65). harmoniis sferoze saubrisas
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebs banze da aRniSnavs `Tavdapirvelad
banis partiaSi cvlilebebis Setana gacilebiT Zneli iyo, vidre
melodiaSi~ (iqve, gv. 67). Semdeg igi dawvrilebiT msjelobs banis
sxvadasxva tipis (burdoni, ostinato) gamSvenebis principebze. mas miaCnia,
rom ritmuli imrovizaciis umartivesi saxeebi mocemulia qarTuli
xalxuri sasimRero Semoqmedebis arqaul plastebSi. ganviTarebis Semdgom
etapze iwyeba sityvieri teqstis `marwuxebisagan gaTavisufleba da
marcvlebis gamRereba. saboloo jamSi, is askvnis, rom rac ufro rTuli da
ganviTarebulia simRera, miT ufro uxvadaa gamoyenebuli improvizaciis
elementebi, miT ufro gadajaWvulia erTmaneTze melodiuri, harmoniuli da
ritmuli improviazacia~. magaliTad mohyavs `Savi SaSvis~ artem
erqomaiSvilis, varlam simoniSvilisa da vladimer berZeniSviliseuli
variantebi (iqve, gv. 72-73). guruli `nanas~ ansambl `georgikaseuli~
variantis faqturul TaviseburebebSi swored amgvari imrovizaciuli
xerxebi Cans:
magaliTi 24. guruli nana. ansambli `georgika~. notirebuli marina
xuxunaiSvilis mier.

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 harmoniuli enis, metris, ritmisa da melodiis TaviseburebebSi
advilad amosacnobi xdeba mamakacTa trios (daviT SaniZe, arCil da malxaz
uSveriZeebi) saSemsruleblo ostatobis maRali done. cxadia, qalebis mier
Sesrulebuli mravalxmiani `nanas~ magaliTebSi aseT sirTuleebs ar
vxvdebiT. qalTa repertuari ganviTarebis doniT rom ver utoldeba
mamakacTa repertuars, amas sxva mkvlevarnic (mesxi, 1970/71, zumbaZe, 1996)
aRniSnaven. qarTul mravalxmian simReraSi sqesisa da improvizaciis Sesaxeb
wers nino ciciSvilic (ciciSvili, 2008).
mravalxmiani lirikuli `akvnis simReris~ umetesi nawili
musikaluri enis sisadaviT, struqturuli lakonurobiT, xmaTasvlis

145
martivi formebiT gamoirCeva. tempi neli, zomieri, TavSekavebulia. wamyvani
homofoniur-harmoniuli wyobaa. Aar axasiaTebs politeqsturoba, anu
sityvebs yvela xma erTdroulad warmoTqvams. kaxuri nimuSebis garda, ar
gvxvdeba farTo Sidamarcvlovani gamRerebani. xSirad sasimRero xazTan
erTad warmodgenilia sakravi (fanduri, Conguri, Wuniri, Cangi). Tanxlebis
roli arsebiTad ganisazRvreba melodiuri xazis an faqturis akordul-
harmoniuli ganmtkicebiT. zogjer sakravis partiaSi ZiriTadi melodiuri
xazis zusti gaormageba, an mciredi saxecvlilebaa. intonaciuri masala
erTi kilos farglebSi iSleba. Mmodulaciuri gegma ganuviTarebelia,
Tuki igi arsebobs, moicavs or kilos. bani harmoniuli funqciis rols
asrulebs. ucxoa ritmuli Tavisufleba. sada, gamokveTili ritmi batonobs.
xSiria kadansebi kvintaSi. wamyvania mdore, unaxtomo svlebze dafuZnebuli
mReradi kantilenuri sawyisi.
erTpirul SesrulebasTan erTad gvxvdeba responsoruli mRera _
solistisa da gundis, triosa da gundis monacvleobis saxiT. simRerebis
forma kupleturia.
martivi aRnagobis miuxedavad, es nimuSebi Rrmad emociurni da
struqturulad CamonakvTilni arian. mravalxmiani `nanina~ lirikuli
simReris originalur magaliTs warmoadgens.
dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom mravalxmiani `akvnis simRerebis~ warmoSoba
dakavSirebuli unda iyos saojaxo muzicirebasTan. mamakacTa repertuarSi
maTi gadasvla ki, sasceno folkloris gaCenasTan.
tradiciul saweso folklorSi Janruli difuziis gziT miRebuli
mravalxmiani `nana~ TandaTan gadavida lirikuli simRerebis jgufSi. igi
ar aris misadagebuli bavSvis daZinebasTan da SeiZleba Sesruldes
sufrasTan, sakoncerto estradaze rogorc qalebis, ise mamakacebis mier, an
Sereuli ansamblis saxiT.

146
 daskvnebi

bavSvis dasaZinebeli `nana~ qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri

Semoqmedebis umniSvelovanesi Janria. sxva Janrebisagan gansxvavebiT, igi
yofaSi dResac funqcionirebs da mxatvruli azrovnebis arqauli formebis
konservaciiT xasiaTdeba.
Janris genezisi dakavSirebulia warmarTul kultTan. sxvadasxva
xalxis folklorSi `nanas~ msgavsi saxelwodebebis arseboba adasturebs
difuzionizmis Teorias kulturuli elementebis warmoSobisa da
gavrcelebis erTi geografiuli centris arsebobis Sesaxeb
`nanas~ mTqmels ver vuwodebT Semsrulebels. Zilispiruli `nana~
`simReramdeli~ periodis nimuSia. izali zemcovskis terminebze
(muzicireba, intonireba, artikulireba) dayrdnobiT, naSromSi gamovlinda
dasaZinebeli nimuSis yofiTi funqciidan momdinare niSan-Tvisebebis
mxatvruli qmnadoba-Camoyalibebis procesi, dadginda `nanas~ _ rogorc
anTropokulturuli fenomenis, instituciuri movlenis arsi.
Catarebuli analizi maZlevs safuZvels davaskvna, rom `nana~
adamianis cxovrebis pirvel etapze deda-Svilis urTierTobaSi arsebuli
sagangebo mniSvnelobis mqone komunikaciuri aqtis Semadgeneli nawilia,
romelic mozardis socializacias, tradiciul sazogadoebaSi mis
TandaTanobiT CarTvas uwyobs xels.
socio-kulturuli da fsiqo-fiziologiuri konteqstis
gaTvaliswinebis safuZvelze qarTul eTnomusikologiaSi pirvelad
gamovlinda `nanas~ SemecnebiT-aRmzrdelobiTi da esTetikuri roli. misi
mniSvneloba sazogadod, azrovnebisa da uSualod, musikaluri smenis,
azrovnebisa da aRqmis eTnofsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis Camoyalibeba-
ganviTarebaSi.
Cvilis sawolis irgvliv arsebuli cnobebis, eTnografiul
literaturaSi bavSvis movla-aRzrdasTan dakavSirebuli wes-Cveulebebis
Seswavlam cxadyo `nanas~ ritualuri mizanmimarTuleba. `nanas~ mxatvruli
modelirebis ganmsazRvrel princips magiuri musikalur-esTetikuri
arqetipisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganmeorebadoba, erTgvarovneba da
reglamenturoba warmoadgens.A

147
 saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi Cawerili erTxmiani nimuSebis
semantikis sakiTxebis, stiluri kanonzomierebebisa da artikulaciuri
Taviseburebebis kvlevis Sedegad naTlad warmoCnda Janris evoluciis gza:
uZvelesi Selocvis tipis `nanadan~ istoriuli morfologiis Sedegad
Camoyalibebul mravalxmian lirikul akvnis simRerebamde.
dakvirvebam aCvena, rom `nana~ mReradi intonirebisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili da yofaSi saTqmeli leqsis saxiT faqtobrivad ar arsebobs.
dadginda, rom misi sityvieri teqstebis calke amowera, gamRerebuli
marcvlebis, Sorisdebuli CanarTebis, ganmeorebebis, refrenebisa da
misamRerebis CamoSorebis gziT saTqmeli leqsis formaSi xelovnurad
moqceva ar aris mizanSewonili. xalxuri sasimRero Semoqmedebis am Janrze
srulfasovan warmodgenas mxolod audio da sanoto Canawerebi gviqmnian.
`nanas~ mxatvruli Taviseburebebis kvleva mxolod kompleqsuri,
istoriul-SedarebiTi, sistemuri da struqturul-tipologiuri analizis
meTodebis gamoyenebiT aris SesaZlebeli. ganxilvis Sedegad gamovlinda
is sasimRero variantebi, romlebic prozaul, arasaleqso metyvelebas,
sxvadasxva bgeraTkompleqsis gamoyenebas emyareba. isini gavlenas axdenen
nimuSis intonaciur mxaresa da artikulaciur Taviseburebaze. sityvieri
teqstebis analizis safuZvelze naSromSi gamoikveTa `nanasaTvis~
niSandoblivi semantikuri erTeulebi, verbaluri teqstis tipuri da
aratipuri versiebi: mfarveli Zalebisadmi mimarTva, borotis gafrTxoba,
Txovna, vedreba, Zilisaken mowodeba, bavSvis SeSineba, gajavreba, mofereba,
damSvideba-dateveba, dalocva, gabrueba _ uZvelesi droidan momdinare
saxeobrivi sferoebi, romlebic qarTuli dasaZinebeli nimuSebis sityvierma
teqstebma dRemde Semogvinaxa. SemdgomSi bgeraTa patara nakrebis mqone
monotonuri hangis safuZvelze am Tematikas daemata sabavSvo da
zRapruli siuJetebi, istoriuli da socialuri, patriotuli da gmiruli
Tavganwirvis motivebi, Tavisuflebisaken swrafva, saTayvanebeli
`vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebis idealizacia. `nanasaTvis~ tradiciul teqstebad
miviCnev agreTve, samkurnalo `iavnanadan~ da akvanSi pirvelad Cawvenis
ritualuri ferxulidan, Selocvebidan, dalocvebidan sabavSvo leqsebidan
gadmosul teqstebs.AnimuSis ganviTarebis gzaze vlindeba warmarTuli

148
motivebisa da qristianuli Tematikis kontaminaciis faqtebi, rac zogadad,
qarTuli folklorisaTvis damaxasiaTebel movlenas warmoadgens.
samecniero literaturaSi gavrcelebuli Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad,
`nana~ damoukidebeli Janria. sociokulturologiurma kvlevam daadastura,
rom igi tradiciuli saweso folkloris nimuSia da saojaxo ritualebis
rigSi unda ganixilebodes. imavdroulad, gamoikveTa `nanas~ sxvadasxva
sferosa da asakobriv-sqesobriv sazRvrebSi moTavsebis SesaZleblobac.
arasworad mimaCnia nanas sayofacxovrebo Janris nimuSad moxsenieba.
dasaZinebeli `nanasa~ da samkurnalo `iavnanas~ mimarTebis sakiTxs
mravali naSromi eZRvneba. maTSi aRniSnulia am ori nimuSis daaxloebis
faqtebi. sadisertacio naSromSi SeZlebisdagvarad aris axsnili am
kavSiris mizezebi. saweso funqciis Sesustebis Semdeg, unda momxdariyo
`nanasa~ da `iavnanas~ saxelwodebebis gaigiveba, verbaluri teqstis
calkeuli motivebis Serwyma. rac Seexeba intonaciur masalas, Cemi azriT,
adrefolklorul sasimRero tradiciaSi arsebuli polisemantizmis gamo,
is imTaviTve msgavsi unda yofiliyo. `nanas~ da `iavnanas~ erTi sawyisidan
momdinareobam, situaciaTa msgavsebam (sawolSi mwoli patara), saerTo
semantikurma erTeulebma, refrenebma, Sesrulebis maneram da sxv. xeli
Seuwyo am process. siaxlove ganapiroba agreTve, iribma Sinaarsobrivma
kavSirma (mSvidi Zili bavSvis janmrTelobis aucilebeli pirobaa) da
dasaZinebeli nimuSis funqciis samkurnalo donem. irkveva rom `nana~
musikaluri Terapiis erT-erTi saSualebaa, romlis mniSvnelobac xalxs
kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli.
rogorc cnobilia, `nana~ iseTive Zveli da arqaulia, rogorc
`iavnana~. isic RvTaeba nanasadmi mimarTvas warmoadgenda. naSromSi
aRniSnuli debuleba dasabuTebulia farTo socio-kulturuli masalis
safuZvelze. erTi mxriv, Zilis mfarveli angelozebis da meore mxriv,
avadmyofobis gamomwvevi batonebis maamebloba, gulis mogeba, datkboba
odiTganve orive maTganis semantikis ganmsazRvreli niSan-Tviseba unda
yofiliyo. dasaZinebeli nimuSis saweso funqcia (nana = RvTaebas) droTa
viTarebaSi utilitarulma funqciam (nana = Zils) Caanacvla. samkurnalo
`iavnanasagan~ gansxvavebiT, Zilispiruli nimuSis sicocxlisunarianoba
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra yofaSi misi yoveldRiuri gamoyenebis faqtma.M

149
 samecniero literaturaSi warmarTuli epoqis folkloris sakiTxebze
saubari ZiriTadad warimarTeba ritualuri samkurnalo `iavnanas~
safuZvelze. ACemi azriT, ganviTarebis xarisxiT dasaZinebeli nimuSebi
gacilebiT ufro martivi da arqaulia, vidre samkurnalo. qarTuli
nimuSebis intonaciurma analizma daadastura, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi aq
saqme kilos Camoyalibebisa da evoluciis adreul etapebTan gvaqvs, amitom
viziare n. maisuraZis mosazrebas, rom dasaZinebeli nimuSebis CarTva
qarTuli musikaluri fuZe-enis arealSi aucilebelia. `nanas~ erTxmian
hangSi kargad Cans qarTuli mravalxmiani musikaluri azrovnebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi _ Sebanebis principi.
sanoto da audiomasalis kvlevis Sedegad Camoyalibebulia
erTxmiani `nanas~ ori jgufi _ misadagebuli da miusadagebeli..
misadagebuli _ SedarebiT Zveli da magiuri Selocvebis intonaciuri
formulebis msgavsi artikulaciuri tipi da melosuri tipis `nana~ sami
qvetipiT: `iavnanas~ hangis Semcveli, datirebis reCitatiul-deklamaciaze
agebuli da maTgan gansxvavebuli hangis mqone `nanebi~. miusadagebelia
sakravis TanxlebiT Sesrulebuli erTxmiani nimuSebi. miusadagebel
jgufSi erTiandeba agreTve, mravalxmiani `akvnis simRerebi~.
Selocvebis intonaciuri formulebis msgavsi artikulaciuri tipi
patara diapazoniT, sekundur-terciul SeuRlebebze agebuli reCitaciiT,
marcvlebis gamRerebis gareSe intonirebiT, gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis
ostinaturobiT xasiaTdeba. niSandobliv Taviseburebas warmoadgens
zomieri tempi, Sesrulebis gansakuTrebuli manera (RiRini, RuRuni, nazad,
tkbilad), butbutiT, duduniT intonireba, xazgasmulad dabali, registri,
an maRal registrSi sagangebod dawvrilebuli xmiT artikulireba,
gauriTmavi sityvieri teqsti, gamoyenebuli refrenebiT prozauli
metyvelebis garkveul formaSi moqceva. intonirebaSi sityvieri frazebis
CarTva. gamoiyeneba RvTaebisadmi mimarTvis, bavSvis damSvidebis, gabruebis,
cxovelebis da frinvelebis gafrTxobis, Zilisaken mowodebis, Selocvis,
dalocvis semantikuri erTeulebi. arsebul masalaSi iSviaTia mTlianad
Selocvis tipze agebuli nimuSebi (xevsuruli, aWaruli, guruli) da
ZiriTadad, am tipisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani CarTulia
melosuri tipis magaliTebSi.

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 saweso funqciis Sesustebis Semdeg es niSnebi calkeuli elementebis
saxiT vlindebian Cven xelT arsebul zogierT nimuSSi.
melosuri tipis `nanas~ _ mReradoba da SedarebiT ganviTarebuli
struqturuli Taviseburebeba gamoarCevs. sametyvelo reCitacia teqstis
gamRerebiT icvleba, iwyeba sayrdeni safexurebis SemomRereba. wamyvani
ritmuli figuraa mervedi-meoTxedi. sityvieri teqstis saleqso forma
mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs myari metris mqone melodikas. am tipis
magaliTebi ufro metad ganviTarebuli baris regionebisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli. am jgufSi gamovyofT sam qvetips: `iavnanas~ hangze,
datirebis reCitatiul-deklamaciaze agebul nimuSebs da maTgan
gansxvavebuli hangis mqone `nanebs~.
calke tipad yalibdeba sakravis TanxlebiT (Wuniri, fanduri,
Conguri, afxerca) Sesrulebuli akvnis simRerebi, romlebic Tianur,
qarTlur, svanur, megrul, gurul dialeqtebSi, afxazeTSi e. w.
`miusadagebel~ simRerebs warmoadgenen. am nimuSebSi sakravieri Tanxlebis
arseboba SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos sakravis magiur funqciasTan.
musikalurma analizma warmoaCina `nanas~ lokaluri dialeqturi
Taviseburebani. gamoavlina zogadqarTuli niSnebi Sesrulebis wessa da
maneraSi, musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebSi (melodika, kilo, metri,
ritmi), TematikaSi. sistemuri kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda JanrTaSorisi
kavSirebi SelocvebTan, sufrul dalocvebTan, samonadireo folklorTan,
tirilebTan, sabavSvo da bavSvTa folklorTan, kalendarul, RvTis karze
saTqmel, samkurnalo, saZeobo nimuSebTan.
mamakacebis mier akvnis simRerad an saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, akvnis
`nanad~ namReri erTxmiani nimuSebi (mesxeTi, lazeTi, kaxeTi, samegrelo)
Sinaarsobrivad, mxatvruli doniT, struqturulad ganviTarebul
magaliTebs warmoadgenen da mravalxmiani azrovnebis principebs asaxaven
`nanas~ sanoto Canawerebsa da audiomasalaSi kvlevis Sedegad
gamovlinda Crdilokavkasiuri (TuSeTsa da aWaraSi), aRmosavluri
(Turqul-azerbaijanuli _ lazeTsa da saingiloSi), evropuli (TianeTSi,
TbilisSi) baiaTis tipis qalaquri (TianeTSi) sasimRero nakadis SemoWra.
ukanaskneli periodis tendenciaa intonaciuri speqtris gafarToeba
poetebisa da kompozitorebis mier bavSvebisaTvis Seqmnili simRerebiT. 2005

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w. savele-saeqspedicio masaliT mtkicdeba axalgazrda Taobis dedebSi
sabavSvo satelevizio gadacemebisaTvis Seqmnili nawarmoebebisa da
kinomusikis gamoyeneba.
sadisertacio naSromis erT-erT siaxles warmoadgens mravalxmiani,
lirikuli `akvnis simRerebis~ ganxilva, maTi Janruli kuTvnilebisa da
warmoSobis gzebis Cveneba.
naSromSi dasturdeba, rom `nanas~ mravalxmiani modelis warmoqmnas
ori ZiriTadi faqtori gansazRvravs. socialuri _ romelic Janruli
difuziisa da saojaxo muzicirebis dros ayalibebs axal struqturul
erTeuls. es xdeba avadmyofi bavSvis daZinebisas, Zeobis, akvanSi pirvelad
Cawvenis ritualSi, koleqtiuri SromisaTvis Sekrebili qalebis
Tanaintonirebisas.
meore faqtori esTetikur aspeqts gulisxmobs. mamakacebis mier
tradiciul sufrasTan da Semdeg sakoncerto estradaze am nimuSebis
aJRereba Janris socialuri transformaciis gziT miRebul `miusadagebel~
variantebs ayalibebs.
qalebis, mamakacebis an Sereuli ansamblis mier erTpirul
SesrulebasTan erTad gvxvdeba responsoruli mRera _ solistisa da
gundis, triosa da gundis monacvleobis saxiT. simRerebis forma
kupleturia.
E evoluciis procesSi vlindeba arqauli semantikis calkeuli
elementebis, poeturi da musikaluri teqstebis zogierTi niSan-Tvisebis
stabiluroba. Semonaxuli gvaqvs variantebi, romlebic ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva etaps Seesabameba.
mravalxmiani `akvnis simRera~ Cawerilia qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, imereTSi,
guriaSi, samegreloSi, aWaraSi, raWaSi, svaneTsa da afxazeTSi. analizis
Sedegad dadgenilia, rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi Cawerili
lirikuli `akvnis simRera~ TiToeuli kuTxisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
mravalxmianobis tips emyareba. amasTan, aSkarad SeimCneva nimuSebis
damokidebuleba regionis `Janrul-stilur dominantze~.
ukanaskneli periodis sakoncerto-saSemsruleblo praqtikaSi gvxvdeba
lirikuli `akvnis simReris~ gaoTxxmianebis tendencia.

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 sainteresoa `nanas~ Janrisadmi qarTveli kompozitorebis midgomis
sakiTxi. rogorc wesi, isini ar mimarTaven romelime konkretul nimuSs da
garkveuli musikaluri saxis Sesaqmnelad iyeneben Janris tipizaciis xerxs.
am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia meliton balanCivaZis, Salva mSveliZis,
oTar TaqTaqiSvilis, nodar gabunias, gia yanCelis SemoqmedebaSi `nanas~
semantikuri Taviseburebebis mxatvruli gaazrebis faqtebi.
Tanamedrove eTnomusikologia bavSvis dasaZinebel hangs savsebiT
samarTlianad miiCnevs ama Tu im regionis stiluri niSan-Tvisebebis
erTgvar indikatorad. masSi xedaven kulturis guls, masze dayrdnobiT
xdeba samyaros mxatvruli Secnoba, tradiciuli sazogadoebis axali
wevris aRzrda. vfiqrob, am Janris socialuri funqcia sagangebo
mniSvnelobas iZens kacobriobis istoriis Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac
globalizaciis procesi walekviT emuqreba mcire erebis kulturul
memkvidreobas. sainformacio eTeridan mozRvavebuli `masobrivi kultura~
safrTxes uqmnis musikaluri smenis erovnul bunebas, xolo emansipaciisa
da urbanizaciis Sedegebi uaryofiTad moqmedebs bavSvebis faqiz
fsiqoemociur samyaroze.
warmodgenili naSromi qarTuli dasaZinebeli `nanas~ da mis
safuZvelze warmoqmnili mravalxmiani `akvnis simReris~ Sesaxeb pirveli
monografiuli gamokvlevaa. masSi warmodgenilia zogierTi
konteqstualuri paraleli msoflios xalxTa musikaluri folkloris
Sesabamis JanrTan. vfiqrob, am problemis SedarebiTi eTnomusikologiis
meTodiT safuZvliani Seswavla momavali klevis saqmea.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. arayiSvili, dimitri (1925). qarTuli musika (mokle istoriuli

mimoxilva). quTaisi: mecniereba saqarTveloSi.
2. arayiSvili, dimitri (1954). dasavleT saqarTvelos xalxur simReraTa
kilos wyoba. Tbilisi: xelovneba.
3. aromi, simha da valeho, polo (2008). `akordikis sintaqsi qarTul
mravalxmianobaSi~ wignSi: tradiciuli mravalxmianobis IV
saerTaSoriso simpoziumi. mzaddeba gamosacemad.
4. MaslaniSvili, Salva (1954). narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis
Sesaxeb. t. I, Tbilisi: xelovneba.
5. aslaniSvili, Salva (1956). narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis
Sesaxeb. t. II. Tbilisi: xelovneba.
6. bardaveliZe, vera (1939). svanur xalxur dReobaTa kalendari.
axalwlis cikli. Tbilisi:
7. bardaveliZe, vera (2006). qarTvelTa uZvelesi sarwmunoebis
istoriidan. RvTaeba barbar-babari. Tbilisi: kavkasiuri saxli.
8. bardaveliZe, jondo (1979). qarTuli xalxuri leqsi. Tb.: mecniereba.
9. batoniSvili, ioane (1936). kalmasoba. t. I., Tb. : saxelgami
10. baRaSvili, giorgi (2005). qarTuli musikaluri folkloris esTetikis
saTaveebTan. xelovnebaTmcodneobis mecnierebaTa kandidatis
samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad wardgenili disertaciis
avtoreferati. xelnaweris uflebiT. Tbilisi.
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xalxuri simRerebis krebuli. raWa, leCxumi, svaneTi~. Tbilisi:
saqarTvelos ssr kulturis saministro. xalxuri Semoqmedebis
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xalxuri Semoqmedebis respublikuri saxli.

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Tbilisi ganaTleba.

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18. CijavaZe, oTar (1974). qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi (megruli). Tbilisi:
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19. CxikvaZe, grigol (1960). qarTuli xalxuri simRera. t. I. Tbilisi:
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Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo konservatoriis
tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri.
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xalxuri Semoqmedebis respublikuri saxli.

25. Аракчиев, Димитрий «Грузинские (кахетинские и карталинские) народные песни.

Записанные с помощью фонографа». Оттиски из I т. Трудов Музыкально-
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28. Гроздов, Христофор (1894). Мингрельския песни. Нотное приложение записей Хр.
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с т в а на Кавказе и К. Козловского
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fonoCanawerebi:

1. zedaSe. lazares aRdgineba. (2002) SCR, # 13, #5

2. mReris goris vaJTa gundi. (1982), C30-17617-18, #2. melodia.
gramCanaw. Tbilisis studia.
3. nanina. qalTa folkloruli ansambli. 2008 #7, 11
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#1 da IV, #4. moskovi: melodia da Tbilisi: gamsaxkomi.
5. unikaluri Canawerebi. megreliZe, avqsenti (1986), M30-46285-6, #1.
Tb.:B melodia
6. folkloris saxelmwifo centris saeqspedicio Canawerebi (2007).
svaneTi, mestia, cxumari. ##1, 6 da 12.
7. Savnabada. naw. 3, II kd #3.
8. xmebi warsulidan. qarTuli xalxuri musika fonografis cvilis
lilvakebidan (2007), naw. I, Tb., tmksc.
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lilvakebidan (2008), naw. II, Tb., tmksc.
10. Грузинские (Гурийские) народные песни(1981). Хор Махарадзевской школы по
восстановлению и изучению гурийских народных песен. Худ. руков. Г. Салуквадзе.
Д 033267-8. Ленинград. Мелодия. №4.

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Svanethie. Le chant du mond. LDX274990. Paris.Collection du centre nationalde la
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1. axobaZe, v. (1956). eqspedicia afxazeTSi. FqxmSl ef. 33.

2. axobaZe, v. (1958). eqspedicia aWaraSi.FqxmSl ef. 97.
3. axobaZe, v. (1960). eqspedicia guriaSi.FqxmSl ef. 110, 112.
4. baiaSvili, q. (1986). Eeqspedicia axmetis r-nSi.
5. baiaSvili, q. (1992). eqspedicia erwo-TianeTSi. piradi fondi
6. erqvaniZe, m. (1991). eqspedicia aWaraSi. piradi fondi
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12. Jordania, i. (1983) eqspedicia mesxeTSi
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14. Jordania, i. (1985) eqspedicia svaneTSi
15. Jordania, i. (1987) eqspedicia saingiloSi

171
16. Jordania, m. (1958), eqspedicia gudamayarSi. qxmSl ef. 55.
17. Jordania, m. (1961), eqspedicia mTiuleTSi. qxmSl ef. 124.
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19. Jordania, m. (1967), eqspedicia qvemo svaneTSi. qxmSl ef. 159a.
20. Jordania, m. (1962), eqspedicia raWaSi. qxmSl ef. 141, 142 143 145
21. Jordania, m. (1976), eqspedicia guriaSi. qxmSl fondi.
22. Jordania, m. (1972), eqspedicia aWaraSi. qxmSl ef. 213b, 213g
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piradi arqivi.
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institutis folkloris arqivis eqspedicia Suaxevis r-Si (2004/2005).
qxmSl fondi.
27. qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso centris eqspedicia
ozurgeTSi (2004). qxmSl fondi.
28. CijavaZe, o. (1959) eqspedicia samegreloSi. qxmSl ef 95.
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30. CxikvaZe, gr. (1960), eqspedicia zemo svaneTSi. qxmSl ef. 104, 104a, 105
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SeniSvnebi audiodanarTisaTvis:

1. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1962 w. ambrolauris r-nis sof.

Wrebalo. mTqm. dariko biWaSvili. qxmSl ef 141, #4.
2. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1960 w. yazbegis r-nis sof. goriscixe.
mTqm. dariko avsajaniSvili. qxmSl ef 114, # 12.
3. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1960 w. yazbegis r-nis sof. goriscixe.
mTqm. ciala avsajaniSvili. qxmSl ef 118, #39.

172
4. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1961 w. duSeTis r-nis sof. ukanamxari.
mTqm. nino mnaTobiSvili. qxmSl ef 124, #11.
5. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1961 w. duSeTis r-nis sof. ukanamxari.
mTqm. marTa wamalaiZe. qxmSl ef 124, #5.
6. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1958 w. duSeTis r-nis sof. Torelaani.
mTqm. Tina Coxeli. qxmSl ef 55, #19.
7. iavnana (fanduriT). Camw. mindia Jordania, 1959 w. TianeTi. Semsr.
mzaRo maCuriSvili qxmSl ef 75 #21.
8. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1959 w. TianeTis r-nis sof.
simonianTxevi. mTqm. marTa gabidauri. qxmSl ef 77, #03.
9. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1962 w. ambrolauris r-nis sof.
Wrebalo. mTqm. babilo JinWaraZe. qxmSl ef, 141, #4.
10. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1962 w. onis r-nis sof. glola. mTqm.
nataSa biZiSvili. qxmSl ef 145, #1.
11. nana _ Camw. kaxi rosebaSvili, 1973 w. q. baTumi, Semsr. ucnobia.
qxmSl ef 211, #1.
12. ruru nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1972 w. sof. qobuleTi. mTqm.
fadime qaTamaZe. qxmSl ef 213b, #5.
13. nana _ Camw. mindia Jordania, 1972 w. sof. qobuleTi. mTqm. fadime
qaTamaZe. qxmSl ef. 213b, # 12.
14. nana _ Camw. grigol CxikvaZe, 1973 w. xelvaCauris r-nis sof. sarfi.
mTqm. asie kakabaZe. qxmSl ef 205, #36.
15. nana _ Camw. grigol CxikvaZe, 1973 w. xelvaCauris r-nis sof. sarfi.
mTqm. xavana memeSiSi. qxmSl ef #205-12.
16. nana _ Camw. vladimer axobaZe. q. baTumi.Semsr. varlam niniZe. qxmSl
ef 97, #8.
17. muhajiruli nana _ Camw. vladimer axobaZe, 1956 w. afxazeTi.
SemsrulebelTa vinaoba ucnobia. qxmSl ef 33, #1.
18. guruli nana _ Semsr. ansambli `georgika~. Ensemble Georgika (1996).
v.III,FM 50015, Face Music Switzerland. #10.

173
SeniSvnebi sanoto magaliTebisaTvis:

1. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. G1959 w. grigol CxikvaZis mier sof.

TeTraxevaSi (TianeTis r-ni). mTqm.: sabeda wiklauri. notir.: mindia
Jordanias mier: ix. 1975 wlis samecniero naSromi `xevsuruli nana~
(xelnaweris uflebiT) Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo
konservatoriis biblioTeka: # 2483. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino
kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Sem-bis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 3. audioCanaweri
ix. qxmSl, f. #75.
2. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1929 w. Salva mSveliZis mier sof. barisaxoSi
(duSeTis r-ni). mTqm.: mzeqala arabuli. notir.: Salva mSveliZis mier:
ix. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: #4/9.
gamoc.: `qarTuli xalxuri simRera~ (redaqtor-Semdg. grigol
CxikvaZe) 1960. t. I. Tbilisi: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, gv. 6; `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
3. audioCanaweri ix. `xmebi warsulidan. qarTuli xalxuri musika
fonografis cvilis lilvakebidan~, diski # 1-69.
3. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1953 w. grigol CxikvaZis mier sof. axielSi
(duSeTis r-ni). mTqm.: ana oCiauri. notir.: mindia Jordanias mier (ix.
zemoaRniSnuli naSromi `xevsuruli nana~). gamoc.: `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Sem-bis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 4.
4. nane (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1977 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof. juTaSi
(yazbegis r-ni). notir.: nino kalandaZis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~

174
 (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
4. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #1.
5. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. da notir. nino maisuraZis mier. gamoc.:
`aRmosavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri kultura~. 1971. danarTi #12.
Tbilisi: mecniereba.; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 5.
6. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. da notir. nino maisuraZis mier. gamoc.:
`aRmosavleT saqarTvelos musikaluri kultura~, 1971. danarTi #13.
Tbilisi: mecniereba; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 5.
7. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1959 w. grigol CxikvaZis mier sof. saWureSi
(TianeTis r-ni). mTqm.: mariam WinWarauli (dab. 1919 w). notir.: mindia
Jordanias mier (ix. zemoaRniSnuli naSromi `xevsuruli nana~).
gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi:
saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 5. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #77.
8. nane (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1959 w. grigol CxikvaZis mier sof. saWureSi
(TianeTis r-ni). mTqm.: nino xornauli (40 wlis). notir.: nino
kalandaZis mier (m. Jordanias mier notirebuli igive nimuSi ix.
missave naSromSi `xevsuruli nana~). gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino
kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 5. audioCanaw.
ix. qxmSl, f. #77.
9. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1959 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof. saWureSi
(TianeTis r-ni). mTqm.: maro burduli (18 wlis). notir.: m. Jordanias
mier (ix. naSromi `xevsuruli nana~). gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino
kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
6. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #77.

175
10. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1929 w. Salva mSveliZis mier sof. saWureSi
(TianeTis r-ni). mTqm.: nina wiklauri. notir.: Salva mSveliZis mier.
ix. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: #4/16.
gamoc.: `qarTuli xalxuri simRera~ (red.-Semdg. grigol CxikvaZe). I
t. 1960, Tbilisi: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, gv. 10; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg.
nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 7.
audioCanaweri ix. `xmebi warsulidan. qarTuli xalxuri musika
fonografis cvilis lilvakebidan~, diski #1-51.
11. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1929 w. Salva mSveliZis mier sof. barisaxoSi
(duSeTis r-ni). mTqm.: nanuka WinWarauli. notir.: Salva mSveliZis
mier. ix. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi:
#4/10. gamoc.: `qarTuli xalxuri simRera~ (redaqtor-Semdg. grigol
CxikvaZe). 1960. I t. Tbilisi: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, gv. 7; `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
8. audioCanaweri ix. `xmebi warsulidan. qarTuli xalxuri musika
fonografis cvilis lilvakebidan~, diski #1-70.
12. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1929 w. Salva mSveliZis mier sof. barisaxoSi
(duSeTis r-ni). mTqm.: mzeqala arabuli. notir.: Salva mSveliZis mier.
ix. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: #4/11.
gamoc.: `qarTuli xalxuri simRera~ (redaqtor-Semdg. grigol
CxikvaZe). 1960. I t. Tbilisi: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, gv. 8; `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
8. audioCanaweri ix. `xmebi warsulidan. qarTuli xalxuri musika
fonografis cvilis lilvakebidan~, diski #1-71.
13. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1929 w. Salva mSveliZis mier sof. WiauraSi
(TianeTis r-ni). mTqm.: Zila arabuli. notir.: Salva mSveliZis mier.
ix. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: #4/12.
gamoc.: `qarTuli xalxuri simRera~ (redaqtor-Semdg. grigol
CxikvaZe). I t. 1960, Tbilisi: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, gv. 9; `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis

176
 saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
9. audioCanaweri ix. `xmebi warsulidan. qarTuli xalxuri musika
fonografis cvilis lilvakebidan~, diski #1-57.
14. nana (xevsuruli) _ Caw. 1956 w. Salva aslaniSvilis mier. ix. misi
`narkvevebi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis Sesaxeb~. 1956. t. 2.
Tbilisi: xelovneba; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 10. audioCanaweri ix. `xmebi
warsulidan. qarTuli xalxuri musika fonografis cvilis
lilvakebidan~, diski #7-59.
15. nana (fSauri) _ Caw. 1986 w. qeTevan baiaSvilis mier sof. TxilianaSi
(ukanafSavis sasoflo sabWo). mTqm.: Tamar baiaSvili-quCoSvilisa.
notir.: qeTevan baiaSvilis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino
kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 11.
audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #2.
16. nana (fSauri) _ Caw. 1980 w. qeTevan baiaSvilis mier sof. artanSi
(TianeTis r-ni). mTqm.: babale kuretiSvili. notir.: qeTevan
baiaSvilis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 12. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #3.
17. nana (moxeuri) _ Caw. 1977 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof. garbanSi
(yazbegis r-ni). mTqm.: Talalo gujaraiZe (63 wlis). notir. nino
kalandaZis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 13. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #1.
18. nana (moxeuri) _ Caw. 1960 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof. snoSi
(yazbegis r-ni). mTqm.: nino Tamarauli-gelaSvilisa (60 wlis). notir.:
nana valiSvilis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe).
2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri
Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 16. audioCanaw. ix.
qxmSl, f. #116.

177
19. nani, Cemo Svilo (dialeqti ar aris miTiTebuli) _ Camweris,
Semsruleblisa da notebze gadamtanis vinaoba ucnobia. ix. Tamar
mamalaZis xelnawerebi saqarTvelos ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis arqivSi. ix. `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Sem-bis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 17.
20. nana (mTiuluri) _ Caw. 1961 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof.
ukanamxarSi (duSeTis r-ni). mTqm.: pelo qurcikaSvili (55 wlis).
notir.: daviT SuRliaSvilis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino
kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 19.
audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #124.
21. nanina (qarTluri) _ Caw. da notirebulia Tamar mamalaZis mier. ix.
misi statia `qarTuli akvnis nana~. saqarTvelos eTnografiis
sakiTxebi. Tbilisi. 1968, t. XIV: gv. 20-29; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino
kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 20.
22. nana (qarTluri) _ Caw. 1901 w. dimitri arayiSvilis mier sof.
xovleSi (goris mazra). notir.: dimitri arayiSvilis mier. ix.
Аракчиев, Димитрий. «Грузинское народное музыкальное творчество». Оттиски из
V т. Трудов Музыкально-Этнографической Комиссии И.О.Л.Е.А и Э. при
Московском университете. Москва, 1916 г. стр. 83; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino
kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 20.
23. nanina _ Caw. andria benaSvilis mier. ix. misi `qarTuli xmebi~
(qarTul galobaTa da simReraTa krebuli). 1886. gv. 40; `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Sem-bis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 21.
24. nana (kaxuri) _ Caw. da notirebulia dimitri arayiSvilis mier. ix.
Аракчиев, Димитрий. «Грузинские (кахетинские и карталинские) народные песни.
Записанные с помощью фонографа». Оттиски из I т. Трудов Музыкально-
Этнографической Комиссии # 3. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino

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xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 21.
25. nana (kaxuri) _ Caw. grigol CxikvaZis mier. notir.: grigol CxikvaZis
mier. gamoc.: Tamar mamalaZis statiaSi `qarTuli akvnis nana~.
saqarTvelos eTnografiis sakiTxebi. Tbilisi, 1968, t. XIV: gv. 20-29;
`akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos
kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri
centri. gv. 22.
26. nana (kaxuri) _ Caw. da notirebulia dimitri arayiSvilis mier. ix.
Аракчиев, Димитрий. «Краткий очерк развития грузинской, карталино-кахетинской,
народной песни». 1905. Москва: Типография К. Л. Меньшова. стр. 51; `akvnis
nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
22.
27. akvnis nana (kaxuri) _ Caw. 1986 w. nino kalandaZis, nino SveliZisa
da nato zumbaZis mier sof. SildaSi (yvarlis r-ni). mTqm.: Tiko
RelaRutaSvili-daliqsiSvilisa (dab. 1914 w). notir.: nino
kalandaZis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 23. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #3.
28. iavnana (mesxuri) _ Caw. valerian maRraZis mier 1961 w. sof. saroSi
(aspinZis r-ni). mTqm.: giorgi pavles Ze maRraZe (88 w.). notir.:
valerian maRraZis mier. gamoc.: maRraZe, valerian. `qarTuli
(mesxuri) xalxuri simRerebi~. 1987. Tbilisi: xelovneba. gv. 174;
`akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos
kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri
centri. gv. 25.
29. nana _ Caw. XIX s-is 90-ian ww. dimitri arayiSvilis mier
qarTvelebisagan q. mozdokSi. ix. Аракчиев, Димитрий. «Грузинское
народное музыкальное творчество». Оттиски из V т. Трудов Музыкально-
Этнографической Комиссии И.О.Л.Е.А и Э. при Московском университете. Москва,
1916 г. стр. 116; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi:

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samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 25.
30. daÁ, daÁ, Silo (ingilouri) _ Caw. ioseb Jordanias mier 1987 w. sof.
yoraRalSi (kaxis r-ni). mTqm.: baliko vasilis as. saknelaSvili.
notir.: daviT SuRliaSvilis da nino kalandaZis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis
nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis
saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
26. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #1.
31. nanina (svanuri) _ Caw. 1967 w. mindia Jordanias mier sof. xofurSi
(lentexis r-ni). mTqm.: doka liparteliani. notir;: nana valiSvilis
mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi:
saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 27. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #159.
32. nanaila (svanuri) _ Caw. 1988 w. ioseb Jordanias mier sof. latalSi
(mestiis r-ni). mTqm.: olRa farjiani. notir.: nino kalandaZis mier.
gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi:
saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 28. ix. audioCanaw. qxmSl, f. #1.
33. nanaila (svanuri) _ Caw. da notir. grigol CxikvaZis mier. ix. Tamar
mamalaZis statia `qarTuli akvnis nana~. saqarTvelos eTnografiis
sakiTxebi. Tbilisi, 1968, t. XIV: gv. 20-29; gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg.
nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros
xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 32.
34. nana (svanuri) _ Caw. da notir. mixeil yanCelis mier. mTqm.: m. Sukvani.
ix. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: #7/12. 89.
gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi:
saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 31.
35. nana (svanuri) _ Caw. Salva mSveliZis mier sof. farSi (mestiis r-ni).
mTqm.: s. gabliani. notir.: Salva mSveliZis mier. ix. saqarTvelos
folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: #7/12. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~
(Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis

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32.
36. nanaila (svanuri) _ Caw. 1985 w. ioseb Jordanias mier sof. uSgulSi
(mestiis r-ni). mTqm.: naTela niJaraZe (dab. 1951 w.). notir.: nino
kalandaZis mier. gamoc.: `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 32. audioCanaw. ix. qxmSl, f. #2.
37. nana (imeruli) _ Caw. da notir. 1956 w. eduard savickis mier. ix.
saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: # 5/77. ix.
`akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos
kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri
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38. nana (imeruli) _ Caw. da notir. 1956 w. eduard savickis mier. ix.
saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris fondi: #/77. ix.
`akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos
kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri
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39. nana, squa (megruli) _ Caw. qristefore grozdovis mier sof. caiSSi
(zugdidis r-ni). ix. «Сборник материалов для описания местности и племен
Кавказа». 1889. вып. 18; `akvnis nana~ (Semdg. nino kalandaZe). 2000.
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 saqarTvelos ssr kulturis saministro, xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da
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Tbilisi: saqarTvelos kulturis saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis
samecniero-meToduri centri. gv. 91; qarTuli xalxuri musika.
samegrelo (Semdg. kukuri WoxoneliZe). I tomi. 2003. qarTuli
xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso centri. Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis
sax. saxelmwifo konservatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis
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saministros xalxuri Semoqmedebis samecniero-meToduri centri. gv.
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71. sisa, tura (megruli) _ Caw. da notir. grigol CxikvaZis mier. gamoc.:
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