aris gamosavali?

saqarTveloSi boSaTa problemebis gadaWrisaTvis

gadadgmuli pirveladi nabijebi

giorgi sordia

ECMI-s moxseneba # 21
maisi 2009
 2

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri _

(ECMI) aris arakomerciuli, arasamTavrobo
instituti, romelic dafuZnebul iqna 1996
wels daniis samefos, germaniis federaluri
respublikis da Slezvig-holStainis
mTavrobebis mier.
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri
daarsda q. flensbugSi, germaniisa da daniis
mosazRvre regionis Sua gulSi; raTa
yuradReba miepyro am teritoriaze arsebul
umciresobebisa da umravlesobis mSvidobiani
Tanacxovrebis warmatebul magaliTze. AQ
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri-s
mizania, xeli Seuwyos mravaldisciplinarul
kvelevas im sakiTxebze, romelic exeba
umciresobebisa da umravlesobis
urTierTobebs, evropuli midgomebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. amasTanave, wvlili
Seitanos inter-eTnikuri urTierTobebis
gaumjobesebaSi dasavleT da aRmosavleT
evropis im nawilSi, sadac adgili aqvs eTno-
konfliqtebsa da dapirispirebebs.

ECMI – s kvleviT naSromebze muSaoben ECMI-s

TanamSromlebi da centris mier mowveuli
mkvlevarebi. ECMI-is mier gamocemul
kvlevebSi gamoxatul azrebze,
pasuxismgebelia naSromis avtori.

ECMI- s moxseneba # 21
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI)
direqtori: doq. mark veleri
© ECMI 2009

EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI)

Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg
phone: +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19
e-mail: info@ecmi.de Internet: http://www.ecmi.de
 3
aris gamosavali?
saqarTveloSi boSaTa problemebis gadaWrisaTvis gadadgmuli
pirveladi nabijebi

giorgi sordia

Sesavali

boSaTa Temis istoria saqarTveloSi, maTi yoveldRiuri cxovreba,

urTierTobebi sxva eTnikur jgufebTan Tu maT winaSe arsebuli
problemebi saqarTvelos eTnikuri istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze naklebad
Seswavlili sakiTxia. evropis qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac boSaTa
uflebebis dacvas da maT sazogadoebaSi integraciis xelSewyobas
sistemuri xasiaTi aqvs miRebuli, saqarTveloSi boSebisaTvis Tanabari
SesaZleblobebis SeTavazeba Tu maTi uflebebis dacva mxolod Canasaxovan
stadiaSi imyofeba. amis mTavari mizezi aris boSebis da maTi yofis
Sesaxeb informaciis simcire rogorc sazogadoebaSi, aseve xelisuflebaSi.

pirveli sistemuri da yovlismomcveli kvleva saqarTveloSi boSebis

Sesaxeb Catarebul iqna umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris mier
2007 wels romelic mogvianebiT gamoqveynebul iqna. 1 naSromSi
warmodgenilia boSaTa gadmosaxlebis istoria saqarTveloSi, maTi
gansaxlebis adgilebi, demografiuli monacemebi, Temis socialuri
struqtura da maT winaSe arsebuli mTeli rigi ekonomikuri, socialuri
Tu sxva problemebi.

kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa Semdegi ZiriTadi problematika: ukiduresi

siRaribe, umuSevroba, ganaTlebis da jandacvis mwiri xelmisawvdomoba,
izolireba qveynis ZiriTadi mosaxlebisagan, dokumentaciis arqona da ase
Semdeg. aRniSnuli kvlevis Semdeg umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropulma

1
ixileT devid Jakoni, “gamosavali ar aris: boSaTa Temis Sefaseba saqarTveloSi”,
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris samuSao moxseneba #39, Tebervali 2008.
 4
centrma kvlav ganagrZo boSaTa Temis Seswavla, romelic miznad isaxavda
erTis mxriv, boSaTa srul demografiul aRweras, maTi problemebis ufro
siRrmiseulad Seswavlas, saWiroebebis Sefasebas, damatebiTi informaciis
mopovebas Temis eTnikuri da kulturuli Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb, meores
mxriv ki specialuri anketirebis meSveobiT boSaTa socialuri
problematikis dokumentirebas, ramac saSualeba mogvca migveRo zusti
suraTi boSaTa Temis wevrTa Soris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT
registraciis, bavSvebSi dabadebis mowmobebis raodenobis, mozardTa
dasaqmebis, Tu bavSvTa skolaSi Caricxvis raodenobis Sesaxeb.

kvleva ganxorcielda 2008 wlis meore naxevarsa da 2009 wlis dasawyisSi. 2

umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris #39 samuSao moxsenebaSi
warmodgenili informaciis garda mocemul kvlevaSi Sesulia mTeli rigi
axali mignebebi, romelic ukavSirdeba boSaTa Temis demografias da
statuss. am monacemebis da informaciis gamoqveynebiT Cven vimedovnebT,
rom meti biZgi mivceT saqarTvelos xelisuflebas da samoqalaqo seqtors
boSaTa winaSe arsebuli mwvave problemebis gadaWrisaTvis.

boSaTa gansaxlebis areali da demografiuli monacemebi

saqarTvelos boSaTa Temi daaxleobiT 1000 adamians iTvlis. 3 – es

raodenoba moicavs moldavelTa dasaxlebas TbilisSi da quTaisSi
WavWavaZis saxelobis xidTan mcxovreb mosaxleobas, romlebic boSaTa
msgavss cxovrebiss wess misdeven (ixileT sqolio 5 da 6). mocemul
raodenobaSi ar aris Seyvanili afxazeTSi mcxovrebi boSebi. boSaTa
gadmosaxleoba saqarTveloSi me-19 saukunis dasawyisidan daiwyo,
gansakuTrebiT didi tempebi am procesma sabWoTa periodSi 1930-70-ian
wlebSi miiRo, gadmosaxleba ZiriTadad xorcieldeboda ruseTidan da

2
kvlevis Catareba SesaZlebeli gaxda umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris
programis “umciresobaTa marTvis xelSewyoba da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba
umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi” meSveobiT. aRniSnuli programa dafinansebulia
norvegiis sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier.
3
zusti statistikuri monacemebi boSaTa sxvadasxva gansaxlebis adgilebSi mosaxleobis
raodenobis Sesaxeb ixileT danarTi A.
 5
ukrainidan. 4 dResdReobiT boSebi saqarTveloSi mcire-mcire jgufebad
gansaxlebuli arian rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTveloSi,
kerZod:

Tbilisi, samgoris raioni

mWidro dasaxleba navTluRis sakolmeurneo bazarTan axlos, sadac

boSaTa 17 ojaxi (196 adamiani) aris gansaxlebuli. samgoris boSaTa
absoluturi umravlesoba cxovrobs naqiraveb kerZo saxlebSi, Tavs
irCenen navTluRis da lilos bazrobebze vaWrobiT, mcire nawili eweva
maTxovrobasac. samgorSi boSebi SedarebiT axali dasaxlebulebi arian,
kerZod, maT aq dasaxleba 1980-iani wlebis bolodan daiwyes qalaq
quTaisidan, sadac dRemde arian registrirebulni da aqvT mudmivi
sacxovrebeli adgili. gadmosaxlebis mizezad Tavad boSebi quTaisSi im
droisaTvis arsebul mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobas asaxeleben.
sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis miuxedavad maT ar daukargavT kavSirebi
quTaisTan, aqvT savaWro urTierToba, xSirad akiTxaven naTesavebs 5 .

quTaisi, avangardis ubani

sabWoTa periodSi quTaisis boSaTa dasaxleba erT-eri yvelaze
mravalricxovani iyo, mimofantuli mTeli qalaqis masStabiT, Tumca
ukanaskneli periodis manZilze maTi ricxvi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, rac
gamowveulia gare migraciiT, ZiriTadad ruseTis mimarTulebidan, aseve

4
ufro dawvrilebiT saqarTveloSi boSaTa gadmosaxlebis istoriis, sabWoTa da
damoukideblobis mopovebis periodSi maTi cxovrebis Sesaxeb ixileT devid Jakoni, dasax.
naSromi.
5
TbilisSi arsebobs kidev erTi sakmaod didi dasaxleba, lotkinis ubanSi, romelsac
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba “boSebis ubans”, rusuli terminologiiT “ciganski pasioloks”
uwodebs. mosaxleobis es jgufi, romelic daaxleobiT 300 adamianisagan Sedgeba
cxovrebis daaxleobiT iseT wess eweva, rogorc sakuTriv boSebi, ewevian vaWrobas
Tbilisis centraluri rkinigzis vagzalze, bavSvebis nawili ki maTxovrobs, ris gamoc
garSemo mosaxleobisaTvis isini aRiqmebian boSebad, Tumca sakuTari Tavis
identifikacias es jgufi boSebTan ar axdebs, piriqiT maTi boSebad moxsenieba agresiasac
ki iwvevs. sakuTar Tavs isini miakuTvneben moldavur eTnoss, maTive gancxadebiT
Camosaxldnen moldaveTidan da dasavleT ukrainis sxvadasxva regionebidan 1930-ian
wlebSi.
 6
erTi jgufis TbilisSi, samgoris raionSi gadmosaxlebiT. dReisaTvis
quTaisSi mcxovrebi boSebi warmodgenili arian avangardis ubnis or
patara dasaxlebaSi da Sesdgeba eqvsi ojaxisagan (42 adamiani). erTi aris
ubnis dasawyisSi arsebuli kerZo saxlebi, sadac boSaTa ori ojaxi
cxovrobs, aseve ubnis centralur nawilSi arsebul seqciur, cxra
sarTulian korpusSi, sadac boSebis mxolod oTxi ojaxia darCenili.
kerZo saxlebSi mcxovrebi boSebi inarCuneben boSaTa tradiciul
cxovrebis wess, rac pirvel rigSi TvalSi sacemia Cacmulobis tradiciul
stilze, maSin rodesac korpusebSi macxovrebeli boSebi urbanizaciis
gavleniT ar gamoirCevian sxva macxovreblebisagan. 6

qobuleTi, gilauris ubani

msgavsad samgorisa, qobuleTic boSaTa erT-erTi yvelaze mravalricxovani

dasaxlebaa saqarTveloSi. maTi ricxvi Seadgens Cvidmet ojaxs (87
adamiani), romlebic gansaxlebulebi arian qalaqis centrTan axlos,
sarkinigzo xazis aRmosavleTiT, gilauris ubanSi. cxovroben sakuTar
saxlebSi, romlebic ubnis sxvadasxva adgilas aris gabneuli.
sacxovrebeli pirobebi sxva dasaxlebebisagan gansxvavebiT SedarebiT
ukeTesia, gaaCniaT uwyveti eleqtroenergia da wyali. ewevian vaWrobas,
aseve dakavebuli arian sxvadasxva xelnakeTebis SeqmniT, romlebsac
Semdgom yidian. nawili dasaqmebulia iseT samsaxurebSi rogoricaa
mZRoloba, meTevzeoba da sxva.

baTumi, besikis quCa

baTumSi warmodgenilia boSaTa Zalian mcire jgufi, sami ojaxis

SemadgenlobiT (14 adamiani), romlebic naqiraveb saxlebSi cxovroben

6
quTaisSi, mdinare rionis marcxena sanapiroze, WavWavaZis saxelobis xidTan kustarulad
aSenebul TavSesafrebSi vxvdebiT kidev erT eTnikur jgufs, xuTi ojaxis SemadgenlobiT
(daaxloebiT 50 adamiani), romlebic sakuTar Tavs boSebs uwodeben, Tumca quTaisSi
mcxovrebi sxva boSebi uaryofen maT boSur warmomavlobas da gamoxataven aSkara
agresias da mtrobas maT mimarT. aRniSnuli jgufi marTlac gamoirCeva boSaTa sxva
dasaxlebebisagan, arian islamis aRmsareblebi, amasTanave bundovani warmodgena aqvT
TavianTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb da iZlevian erTmaneTisagan sawinaawmdego informacias.
savaraudod arian azerbaijanidan da centraluri aziidan Semosulebi. saubroben
boSebisagan absoluturad gansxvavebul enaze, savaraudod kurmanjul (qurTul)
dialeqtze.
 7
besikis quCaze. es jgufi waroSobiT aris quTaisidan da maTi gancxadebiT
droebiT cxovroben baTumSi, ZiriTadad ewevian maTxovrobas.

dedofliswyaros raioni, sofeli leninovka

cxovrobs kompaqturad dasaxlebuli boSebis SedarebiT didi raodenoba,

kerZod 11 ojaxi, sul 73 adamiani. sofelSi boSebis garda aseve cxovroben
rusebi - 6 ojaxi da qarTvelebi - 2 ojaxi. sofelSi boSebs gaaCniaT
sakuTari saxlebi da ezo, romelic gamodgeba sasoflo-sameurneo
saqmianobisaTvis. sofels uwyvetad miewodeba eleqtroenergia.
wyalgayvaniloba da kanalizacia ar aris, Tumca soflis centrSi aris
ramdenime Wa, saidanac mosaxleoba iyenebs sasmel wyals. miuxedavad
sasoflo-sameurneo pirobebis arsebobisa, sofeli siRaribiT gamoirCeva.
mosaxleobis umetesoba dausaqmebelia, nawili eweva vaWrobas, ZiriTadad
qalaq dedofliswyaroSi, aseve lilos bazrobaze da Tbilisis rkinigzis
sadgurTan. leninovkeli boSebisTvis ucxo ar aris aseve maTxovroba. 7

gardabnis raioni, sofeli gaCiani

SedarebiT patara zomis dasaxlebaa, Tumca sakmaod mWirdo da

xalxmravali. sofelSi warmodgenilia boSaTa Teqvsmeti ojaxi, sul 122
adamiani. aTi ojaxi kompaqturad aris koncentrirebuli soflis ZiriTadi
nawilidan moSorebiT, eqvsi ojaxi ki gafantulad cxovrobs
azerbaijanuli mosaxleobis garemocvaSi.

sacxovrebeli pirobebi gaCianSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom mosaxleoba

sakuTar saxlebSi cxovrobs, bevrad uaresia vidre leninovkaSi, an
samgorSi. nawili saxlebisa aris kapitalurad naSeni, nawili ki
saxeldaxelod mowyobili, fardulis tipis. saxlebTan axlos aris
ezoebic, Tumca sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobisTvis ar aris gamosadegi.
dasaxlebas aqvs sasmeli wylis problemac. wylis mili miedineba

7
madlobas vuxdi saqarTvelos universitetis studentebs salome alanias da saba
gvetaZes, romlebic nebayoflobis monawileobdnen sofel leninovkaSi savele kvlevebSi
da didi wvlili Seitanes informaciis mogrovebasa da adgilobrivi boSebosagan
interviuebis aRebaSi.
 8
dasaxlebidan 200 metris moSorebiT, saidanac mosaxleobas uwevs xolme
sasmeli wylis zidva. eleqtroenergia sofels miewodeba, Tumca imdenad
dabali ZabviT, rom ar aris sakmarisi arc televizoris da arc macivris
CasarTavad. Tavis sarCenad mosaxleoba vaWrobs, ZiriTadad lilos
bazrobaze da Tbilisis rkinigzis sadgurTan, aseve gavrcelebulia
maTxovroba.

Tbilisi, lilos dasaxleba

mdebareobs Tbilisis aeroporTan axlos, sadac warmodgenilia boSaTa 3

ojaxi, sul 31 adamiani. ori ojaxi gvredi-gverd cxovrobs, erTi ki
SedarebiT moSorebiT. boSaTa es dasaxleba SedarebiT axali Seqmnilia,
gaCnda daaxleobiT 10 wlis win. erTi ojaxi aris afxazeTidan devnili,
erTi quTaisidan gadmosaxlebuli, xolo darCenili erTi ki mcxeTis
raionidan Camosaxlda. dasaxlebaSi aris kidev erTi sacxovrebeli adgili,
TviTnakeTi karavi, sadac drodadro savaWro miznebisTvis Camodian xolme
boSebi sofel leninovkidan, da garkveuli periodis manZilze rCebian.

samive ojaxi saxeldaxelod aSenebul patara saxlebSi cxovrobs, sadac

aranairi registrtacia, an oficialuri nebarTva ar gaaCniaT. maTi
sacxovrebeli adgilebis axlos mdebareoben sxvadasxva warmeobebi,
kerZod, limonaTis qarxana, jarTis gadamamuSavebeli qarxana da ase Semdeg
cxovrebis nebarTva ki. swored am qarxnebis mesveurebis mier aqvT
miRebuli garkveuli samuSaoebis Catarebis sanacvlod. Tumca qarxnebis
gaCerebis SemTxvevaSi boSaTa momavali bedi gaurkvevli iqneba.

Telavi

Telavis da gurjaanis raionSi mravlad iyvnen boSebi warmodgenili,

Tumca bolo periodSi maTi ricxvi Semcirda. gansakuTrebiT didi
raodenobiT boSebi saxlobdnen sofel mukuzanSi, 1990-ian wlebSi da
Tanamedrove periodSi maTi nawili gadasaxlda leninovkaSi, nawili
gaCianSi. zogi ki ruseTSi wavida ukeTesi samsaxuris Sovnis imediT.
aRniSnuli migraciuli procesebis gamo gurjaanis raionis sofel
 9
mukuzanSi arsebuli boSaTa dasaxleba, romelic erT dros kaxeTSi
boSaTa mTavari koncentraciis adgilad iTvleboda, mTlianad daicala.
ukanasknelma boSurma ojaxma dasaxleba datova 2008 wlis dekemberSi.
dReisaTvis boSebi mcire raodenobiT, magram main SemorCnen qalaq
TelavSi, kerZod mTavari sakolmeurneo bazris siaxloves, gaz gasamarTi
sadguris teritoriaze saxlobs boSaTa sami ojaxi (24 adamiani), romlebic
ganTavsebulebi arian specialur vagonebSi, sadac kustarulad Seyvalili
aqvT eleqtroeneria. aRniSnuli teritoriis droebiT gamoyenebis ufleba
boSebs miRebuli aqvT gaz gasamarTi sadguris mepatroneebisagan,
garkveuli samsaxuris sanacvlod. kerZod ramdenime boSa muSaobs
sadgurSi Ramis yaraulad. mas garda TelavSi mcxovrebi boSebis mTavari
Semosavlis wyaro maTxovrobaa. 8

warmomavloba, klanebi da socialuri struqtura

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi boSebi, Tavad boSebTan interviuebis Sedegad

dadginda, rom or monaTesave Stos ganekuTvnebian da gansxvavdebian
erTmaneTisagan, rogorc kulturuli tradiciebiT, aseve religiuri
aRmsareblobiT Tu lingvisturi TaviseburebebiT. am ori Stos
aRsaniSnavad saqarTevloSi mcxovrebi boSebi iyeneben terminebs – krimi
(yirimeli) da vlaxi. pirvel maTganSi moiazreba yirimidan, samxreT
ukrainidan da samxreT ruseTidan gadmosaxlebuli muslimi boSebi, xolo
meore terminiT aRiniSneba ZiriTadad ukrainidan da aseve ruseTidan
gadmosaxlebuli qristiani boSebi.

krimis Stos ganekuTvnebian quTaisSi, samgorSi, qobuleTSi da baTumSi

mcxovrebi yvela boSa, aseve liloSi mcxovrebi erTi boSa ojaxi. xolo
vlaxis Stos akuTvneben sakuTar Tavs gaCianSi, leninovkaSi da TelavSi
mcxovrebi yvela boSa, aseve liloSi mcxovrebi ori ojaxi.

8
zusti statistikuri monacemebi boSaTa sxvadasxva gansaxlebis adgilebSi mosaxleobis
raodenobis Sesaxeb ixileT danarTi A.
 10
krimis Stos wevrebi tradiciulad islamuri aRmsareblobis mimdevrebi
iyvnen, gvarebic umetes SemTxvevaSi aqvT muslimuri fuZiT, magram rusuli
daboloebiT. saqarTveloSi cxovrebis Sedegad islami TandaTanobiT
ikargeba, dReis mdgomareobiT mxolod umniSvnelo raodenobas aqvs is
SenarCunebuli, ZiriTadad moxucebs. krimis Stos udidesi nawili dRes
ukve marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis aRmsarebelia, Tumca religiurobis
maRali doniT ar gamoirCevian. gamonakliss warmoadgenen qobuleTeli
boSebi, romelTa didi nawili ukanaskneli 20 wlis maZilze evangelisturi
eklesiis mimdevrebi gaxdnen, ewevian evangelistur RvTismsaxurebas,
saxeldaxelod mowyobil samlocveloSi.

vlaxis Stos wevrebi ki gamoirCevian imiT, rom atareben ukrainul da

rusul gvarebs da arian morwmune marTlmadideblebi. orive Sto
erTmaneTs boSebad miiCneven, Tumca maT Soris arsebuli sxvaobebis gamo
mWidro kavSirebi ar gaaCniaT, mcirea danaTesavebis SemTxvevbic. axlo
kavSirebis arsebobas xels uSlis aseve lingvisturi sxvaobebi, miuxedavad
imisa, rom orive Sto boSurad metyvelebs, sxvaoba dialeqtebs Soris zog
SemTxvevaSi imdenad didia, rom komunikacias ver axerxeben.

aRniSnuli ori Stos garda, aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeuli es Sto ramdenime

mcire-mcire klanebad Tu sagvareuloebad iyofa. magaliTad, krimis Sto
dayofilia Semdeg sagvareulo klanebad: Coradaesi, petalidisi, jujukea,
bubuliadesi. oTxive es klani warmodgenilia saqarTveloSi krimis Stos
yvela dasaxlebaSi. vlaxis Sto ki Semdegi klanebiT iyofa, gaCianSi: butka,
plaSuni, melenki, manki, temriuki. leninovkaSi warmodgenilia harbuzi,
nalihaCi, palenki, mekoria. kalaSi ki gvxvdeba lilosa da gaCianSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeuli es klani SeiZleba aerTianebdes ramdenime
sxvadasxva gvars. klanis wevrebi axlo naTesavebad aRiqmebian, Temis
TiToeulma wevrma – orive StoSi – kargad icis sakuTari klanuri
warmoSobis Sesaxeb, romelic mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebel Tvisebas
warmoadgens boSaTa eTno-kulturul TviT-identifikaciisaTvis. tradiciis
Sesabamisad akrZalulia qorwinebebi klanebs SigniT.
 11
aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc krimis, aseve vlaxis Stos SenarCunebuli aqvs
kavSirebi TavianT monaTesave TemebTan ruseTSi, sadac garkveuli
periodulobiT Cadian xolme. Tavad saqarTvelos boSebis gancxadebiT
ruseTSi isini sargebloben terminiT “qarTveli boSebi”, romliTac
ruseTSi mcxovrebi boSebi, ganasxvaveben maT sxva boSebisagan.

boSaTa Tems tradiciulad kasturi struqtura da ierarqiuli lideroba

axasiaTebda. arsebobdnen Temis liderebi, e.w. baronebi, romelTac Seuvali
avtoriteti gaaCndaT ama Tu im sadavo sakiTxis gadaWris Tu TemisaTvis
mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros. droTa ganmavlobaSi Temis
Sida organizaciulma struqturam cvlilebebi ganicada da TandaTanobiT
baronis institutma dakarga adreuli gavlena. dResdReobiT, baronebi
formalurad mainc arseboben, Tumca maTi avtoriteti ar aris sakmarisi
Temis sxva wevrebis nacvlad mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis
miRebisaTvis. am tradiciuli sistemis rRvevam wina planze wamoswia
ojaxis mniSvneloba da ojaxis ufrosis gavlena, romelic axla ukve
mTavar gadawyvetilebis mimRebad iTvleba, Tumca misi gavlena sakuTari
ojaxs ar scdeba. is Tvalyurs adevnebs ojaxis moralur aRzrdas,
miuRebeli tradiciebis damkvidrebis aRkveTas da ase Semdeg. erT-erTi
aseTi valdebuleba ojaxis uforosisa, magaliTad vlaxis StoSi aris
Sereuli qorwinebis ardaSveba, kerZod vlaxis Stos wevrebisaTvis
tradiciulad miuRebelia muslimebTan daqorwineba, maT Soris krimis
Stos warmomadgenel muslimebTanac.Oojaxi ar miesalmeba qorwinebas aseve
qarTvelebTan da somxebTan, Tumca es formaluri akrZalva ukve aRar
moqmedebs, romlis gamoxatulebacaa ukanasknel periodSi momravlebuli
Sereuli boSur-qarTuli da boSur-somxuri qorwinebebi. SedarebiT
gansxvavebuli suraTia krimis StoSi, sadac qorwinebebi sxva eTnikur da
religiur jgufebTan kulturuli tradiciebiT ar aris akrZaluli.
 12
ena, kultura

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi boSebisaTvis mSobliuri ena aris boSuri,

romelic warmodgenilia ori ZiriTadi dialeqtiT – krimi da vlaxi
(ixileT zemoT). orive warmomavlobis Stos boSebi mSobliuri enis doneze
floben aseve rusuls, romelic amave dros aris sakomunikacio ena krimis
da vlaxis Stoebs Soris. maRalia aseve boSebis mier qarTuli enis
flobis donec, Tumca CamorCeba rusuls. qarTul enaze metyvelebis done
damokidebulia boSaTa gansaxlebis adgilebze. magaliTad quTaisSi da
samgorSi mcxovrebi boSebi sakmaod Tavisuflad metyveleben qarTulad,
ufro metic, gare sazogadoebasTan aqtiuri kontaqtis Sedegad SeZenili
aqvT regionisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli qarTuli (imeruli) aqcenti. msgavsi
situaciaa qobuleTSic, Tumca quTaisisgan gansxvavebiT qobuleTis boSaTa
nawils ar SeuZlia qarTulad wera-kiTxva. qarTuli enis flobis
TvalsazrisiT gacilebiT rTuli mdgomareobaa aRmosavleT saqarTvelos,
vlaxis Stos wevr boSebSi. magaliTisaTvis vlaxTa or ZiriTad
dasaxlebasSi - gaCiansa da leninovkaSi qarTuli enas, isic
arasrulyofilad floben mxolod axalgazrda Taobis warmomadgeneli
boSebi. amis mTavari mizezi mdgomareobs orive dasaxlebis geografiulad
izolirebul adgilmdebareobaSi.

marTalia saqarTvelos boSaTa Temma TiTqmis srulfasovnad SeinarCuna

erovnuli da kulturili TviTmyofadobis erT-erTi mTavari atributi –
ena, Tumca igives ver vityviT boSaTa sxva tradiciebsa da kulturaze.
TandaTanobiT daviwyebas eZleva boSaTa tradiciuli Cacmulobis stili,
iSviaTobas warmoadgens lamazad morTuli da mokazmuli, brWyviala qalis
kabebi, ikargeba boSuri simReris da cekvis kulturac. sabWoTa periodSi
Zalian xSirad imarTeboda xolme boSaTa quCis festivalebi,
gansakuTrebiT quTaissa da qobuleTSi. festivalis dros mTeli boTaSa
Temi gareT gamodioda da tradiciul boSur simRerebsa da cekvebs
asrulebda. musikaluroba saqarTvelos boSebs dRemde SenarCunebuli aqvT,
TiTqmis yvela boSa, gansakuTrebiT qobuleTSi flobs sxvadasxva
musikalur instrumentze dakvris xelovnebas, Tumca sajaro koncertebs
da festivalebs ukve aRar marTaven. gamokaliss warmoadgens qorwilis
 13
ritualebi, rac kargi SesaZleblobaa boSuri tradiciuli xelovnebis
gamosaxatad. qorwili gamoiyeneba aseve axlo naTesavebis Sesakrebad,
tradiciulad saqorwilo dResaswauli grZeldeba ramdenime dRis
manZilze, rasac Tan sdevs improvizebuli simRerebi da cekvebi. Tumca
ukanasknel periodSi imata qorwilebis restornebSi gadaxdis tendenciam,
rac momavalSi arasaxarbielod aisaxeba boSuri tradiciuli kulturis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT.

ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba

skolaSi siarulis maCvenebeli boSebSi ukiduresad dabalia, rac

warmoadgens kidec boSaTa Temis erT-erT yvelaze mwvave problemas.
boSaTa nebismier dasaxlebaSi saqarTveloSi mxolod erTeuli raodenoba
bavSvebisa iricxebian skolaSi, xolo zogierT dasaxlebaSi macxovreblebi
ki, magaliTad lilo, samgori, baTumi arc erTi bavSvi ar dadis skolaSi.
amis ramdenime mizezi arsebobs, kerZod, mSoblebi bavSvebs agzavnian
savaWrod an samaTxovrod, rac ojaxisTvis damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaroa,
zog SemTxvevaSi mSobeli mTeli dRis manZilze saxlidan gasulia
samuSaod da urCevnia sakuTari Svilebi saxlSi iyvenen saojaxo
saqmiabobis Sesasruleblad, mniSvnelovan winaaRmdegobas qmnis aseve
bavSvebis nawilSi dabadebis mowmobebis arqona (ixileT qvemoT), kidev
erTi, SesaZloa yvelaze mTavari mizezi boSebis mxridan skolaSi
daswrebis raodenobis simcirisa aris mSoblebis mxridan sakuTari
bavSvebisaTvis ganaTlebis miRebis aucileblobis da ganaTlebis
upiratesobis gauazrebloba. mSobelTa umetesobas Tavad ara aqvT
saSualo ganaTleba miRebuli, gansakuTrebiT es Seexeba aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos boSebs. quTaisisa da qobuleTis boSa mSobelTa umetesobas
saSualo ganaTleba miRebuli aqvT, romlis ZiriTadi mizezic mdgomareobs
am dasaxlebebis urbanizaciasTan da maSindeli sabWoTa xelisuflebis
politikasTan, romlisTvisac saSualo ganaTlebis gavrceleba, maT Soris
yvelaze marginaluri jgufebisTvisac prioritets warmoadgenda. am
TvalsazrisiT CamorCa periferiuli gaCianis da leninovkis boSaTa Temi,
sadac mosaxleobis didi nawili wera-kiTxvis ucodinaria.
 14
amis miuxedavad mSoblebi sakuTari bavSvebisaTvis ganaTlebis miRebis
principuli mowinaaRmdegeebi ar arian, zog SemTxvevaSi piriqiT, didi
survili aqvT da ganicdian, rom ver axerxeben bavSvebisaTvis ganTlebis
miRebis SeTavazebas. kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa, rom Sesabamisi axsna-
ganmartebebis da muSaobis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi, advilad SesaZlebelia
boSa mSoblebis darwmuneba da daTanxmeba bavSvebis skolaSi CaricxvasTan
dakavSirebiT. 2008 wlis zafxulis da Semodgomis manZilze umcirosobaTa
sakiTxebis evropuli centrma aqtiuri axsna-ganmartebiTi sainformacio
saqmianoba ganaxorciela boSaTa leninovkis TemSi, saidanac mxolod erTi
bavSvi iricxeboda skolaSi, Tumca Catarebuli samuSaos Sedegad
SesaZlebeli gaxda damatebiT cxra bavSvis Caricxva uaxloes,
dedofliswyaros sajaro skolaSi.

dokumentacia da registracia

Sesabamisi dokumentaciis arqona da registraciis sakiTxi sacxovrebeli

adgilis mixedviT erT-erTi mniSvnelovani problemaa saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi boSebisaTvis. ukanasknel periodSi es problema met-naklebad
mogvarda leninovkis, samgoris, quTaisis da qobuleTis boSebSi, sadac
rogorc zrdasrul, aseve arasrulwolovan boSebis umetesobas gaaCniaT
Sesabamisi dokumentebi (piradebis da dabadebis mowmobebi),
registrirebuli ki arian TavianTi mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT, gamonakliss warmoadgens samgorSi macxovrebeli boSebi,
romelTac quTaisis registracia gaaCniaT (ixileT maRla).

dokumentebis flobis TvalsazrisiT, savalalo mdgomareobaa gaCianSi,

lilosa da TelavSi, sadac boSa mosaxleobis daaxleobiT naxevars ar
gaaCnia aranairi dokumentacia. 9 mizezi aseTi mdgomareobisa. erTis mxriv,
aris boSaTa pasiuroba da Sesabamis ofiacialur organoebSi
gamocxadebisagan da gancxadebiT wardgenisagan Tavis Sekaveba, da meores
mxriv, Tavad am oficialuri struqturebis naklebi interesi boSaTa

9
detaluri statistikuri informacia boSaTa sxvadasxva TemebSi dokumentaciis qonis
Sesaxeb ixileT danarTi A
 15
dasaxlebaSi dokumentebis mowesrigebaSi. kvlevis warmoebis periodSi
Cvens mier Segrovebul iqna zusti statistikuri monacemebi gaCianSi
boSaTa dokumentirebis Sesaxeb, romelic miwodebul iqna gardabnis
raionis sapasporto samsaxurisaTvis. aRniSnuli monacemebis garda
gadacemul iqna aseve gaCianSi mcxovrebi boSaTa koleqtiuri gancxadebebi
Sesabamisi dokumentebis gacemis Taobaze. ris Sedegad sapasporto
samsaxuris TanamSromlebi marTlac imyofebodnen dasaxlebaSi, Tumca
micemuli dapirebebis miuxedavad problema mainc mougvarebeli rCeba.

urTierTobebi mosaxleobasTan

boSaTa TiTqmis yvela dasaxleba saqarTveloSi multieTnikur garemoSia,

sadac boSebs mudmivi urTierTobebi gaaCniaT sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis
warmomadgenlebTan magaliTad, leninovkaSi- qarTvelebTan da rusebTan,
gaCianSi azerbaijanelebTan, samgorSi qarTvelebTan, somxebTan da
azerbaijanelebTan, quTaissa da qobuleTSi metwilad qarTvelebTan. Tavad
boSebis gancxadebiT, maT aranairi problemebi ar gaaCniaT arc erTi am
eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebTan. boSebma ar daadastures aseve aSkara
diskriminaciis faqtebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, Tumca miuxedavad amisa
sazogadoebaSi, gansakuTrebiT eTnikurad qarTul sazogadoebaSi jer
kidev didia Camoyalibebuli stereotipebi boSebTan dakavSirebiT. farTo
sazogadoebis mier boSebi aRiqmebian binZur da gaunaTlebel xalxis
masad, romlebmac mxolod maTxovroba da quCis vaWroba ician. aseTi
stereotipebis Camoyalibebas metwilad xels uwyobs didi qalaqebis
quCebSi moxetiale da maTxovari bavSvebis arseboba, romlebic arc Tu ise
xSir SemTxvevaSi boSebi sulac ar arian, magram sazogadoebis mxridan
miniWebuli aqvs boSis iarliyi. termini “boSa”, ufro sworad xalxSi
metwilad gavrcelebuli rusuli formiT “cigani” iqca krebiT saxelad,
romliTac aRiniSneba quCebSi mawanwala bavSvebi, Tu moxetiale Raribi
mosaxleoba ganurCevlad eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa.
 16
boSaTa Temis saWiroebebi da umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris
qmedeba

kvlevis mimdinareobis procesSi gamoikveTa boSaTa Temis mTeli rigi

saWiroebebi romelTa gadaWra mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels maT winaSe
mdgari problemebis mogvarebas, kerZod gamovyofdiT oTx ZiriTad sferos:

• sazogadoebasTan da gansakuTrebiT saxelmwifo struqturebTan da

qveyanaSi moRvawe sxvadasxva organizaciebis mimarT ndobis aRdgenis
saWiroeba. aRniSnuli ndoba dakargulia metwilad im mizezidan
gamomdinare, rom sxvadasxva saxelmwifo, arasamTavrobo Tu
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi araerTxel dainteresebulan boSebis
problematikiT, Tumca es daintereseba samwuxarod mxolod
erTjeradi vizitebiT Semoifargleboda da aranairi qmediTi
Tanadgoma ar yofila gamoxatuli. amis gamo, ukansaknel periodSi
boSebi zog SemTxvevaSi arc Tu ise didi enTuziazmiT da
megobrulad xvdebidnen xolme maTTan vizitad misul sxvadasxva
organizaciebis warmomadgenlebs;
• saqarTvelos boSuri Temis konsolidaciis saWiroeba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom boSebi saqarTveloSi arc Tu ise didi raodenobiT arian
warmodgenili Temi ar aris Sekruli. ar gaaCniaT aranairi
sazogadoebrivi organizacia, romelic iRvawebs Temis winaSe mdgari
problemebis mogvarebisaTvis, an am problemebis Sesabamisi
saxelmwifo struqturebSi warmodgenisaTvis;
• qveyanaSi arsebuli socialuri, ekonomikuri Tu saganmanaTleblo
programebis codnis saWiroeba. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi boSaTa
absoluturi umravlesoba ar flobs informacias maTTvis
xelmisawvdomi socialuri SeRavaTebis, sapensio Tu jandacvis
fondebis arsebobis Sesaxeb;
• sazogadoebaSi boSebTan dakavSirebuli streotipebis Secvlis
saWiroeba.

umciresosoba sakiTxebis evropulma centrma 2008 wlis ivlisidan

norvegiis mTavrobis daxmarebiT wamoiwyo iniciativa, romelic miznad
 17
isaxavda aRniSnuli saWiroebebis gadaWris xelSewyobas. 10 sawyis etapze
boSaTa TemSi moZebnil iqna axalgazrda, motivirebuli da dainteresebuli
boSa, romelic staJiorad iqna ayvanili umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropul
centrSi. is aqtiurad iqna CarTuli boSaTa Sefasebis kvlevaSi, ramac
Zalian gagviadvila rogorc boSaTa keTilganwyobis mopoveba, aseve maTSi
grZelvadiani ndobis Camoyalibeba.

boSebSi informaciuli vakuumis amovsebis da sakuTari samoqalqo

uflebebis ukeT gagebis mizniT gadawyvetil iqna specializirebuli
treningis Catareba Temis potenciuri liderebisaTvis. am mizniT 2009 wlis
dasawyisSi boSaTa gansaxlebis yvela dasaxlebidan moZiebul iqna cxra
warmomadgeneli treningSi monawileobis misaRebad. treningi Catarebul
iqna TbiliSi, iusticiis saministros saswavlo centrTan partniorobiT,
treningze aqcenti ZiriTadad gakeTebul iqna samoqalaqo uflebebze,
jandacvis da ganaTlebis sistemebze, saxelmwifo institutebTan
urTierTobis specifikasa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis arsze.

aRniSnuli treningi gamodga kargi SesaZlebloba boSaTa momavali

ganviTarebis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis, sadac Tavad boSebma gamoxates
survili sakuTari arasamTavrobo organizaciebis daarsebis Sesaxeb,
romlebic ibrZoleben boSaTa uflebebis dacvisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.
miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba axlo momavalSi sami boSuri organizaciis
daarsebis Sesaxeb, leninovkaSi, quTaissa da qobuleTSi, Semdegi miznebiT:

• boSaTa uflebebis dacva da maTi sazogadoebaSi integrirebis

xelSewyoba;
• saqarTvelos boSaTa TemSi samoqalaqo cnobierebis donis amaRleba;
• boSaTa kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebas da ganviTarebas
saqarveloSi;

10
es iniciativa aris umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris programis
“umciresobaTa marTvis xelSewyoba da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba
umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi” Semadgeneli nawili. aRniSnuli programa
dafinansebulia norvegiis sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier.
 18
• boSaTa da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva eTnikur kjufebs Soris
urTierTobebis gaRrmaveba da kulturuli urTierTgacvlis
xelSewyoba;
• saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovreb boSebs Soris kulturuli
da eTnikuri konsolidaciis ganviTareba;
• boSebis mier ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZleblobebi waaxaliseba;
• sazRvargareT arsebul boSaTa organizaciebsa da saqarTveloSi
mcxovreb boSebs Soris kavSirebis damyareba;
• saqarTveloSi boSebTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli informaciuli
vakuumis amovseba da boSuri kulturisa da tradiciebis
popularizacia.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom boSebisaTvis ganaTleba erT-erTi yvelaze mwvave

problemaa umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris mier sofel
leninovkaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebisaTvis xelSewyobil iqna avtobusis xazis
daniSvna soflidan uaxloes skolamde, qalaq dedofliswyaroSi, romelic
soflidan xuTi kilometris moSorebiT mdebareobs. skolis pedagogebTan
erTad boSa mSoblebi darwmunebul iqnen bavSvebis skolaSi siarulis
aucileblobaSi, Sedegad ki cxra bavSvi yoveldRiurad da didi
mondomebiT eswreba gakveTilebs (ixileT zemoT).

sofeli leninovka kargi magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba pozitiurad

Seicvalos mosaxleobis ganwyoba ganaTlebis miRebis aucileblobis
mimarT, da realurad, rogor SeiZleba daiwyos da ganviTardes
integraciis procesi. magaliTisaTvis aRvniSnavdiT, rom cxra boSis
organizebulma da jgfurma Caricxvam skolaSi gamoiwvia rogorc boSa
bavSvebisa da qarTveli moswavleebis damegobreba, aseve boSa da qarTveli
mSoblebis daaxloeba. gaxSirda qarTvelebis stumrobis faqtebi
leninovkaSi da piriqiT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom boSebis TemSi arsebuli problematika ukanaskneli

wlebis manZilze metwilad ucvlelia, kvlav saxezea ganaTlebis,
jandacvis Tu socialuri SeRavaTebis miRebis xelmisawvdomobis simcire,
problemebi dokomentirebis da registraciis sakiTxSi, ukiduresi
 19
siRaribe, Tu sxva zemoaRniSnuli iniviativis Sedegebi aSkarad
imedismomcemia da aCvenebs, rom boSa mosaxleobaSi damokidebulebis
Secvla ganaTlebis miRebasTan da Temis mobilizaciasTan dakavSirebiT
namdvilad SesaZlebelia. Temis problematikis gadaWrisaTvis mcdelobebi
mxolod axla daiwyo. umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri
imedovnebs, rom es kvleva da boSebTan kavavSirebuli adreuli masalebi
daexmareba Sesabamiss samTavrobo struqturebs da samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis aqtorebs uaxloes wlebSi boSaTa problemebis gadawyvetaSi.
danarTi A. boSaTa aRweris cxrili

leninovka - samgoris
gaCiani - dedofliswyar lilos dasaxleba raioni -
gardabnis raioni os raioni - Tbilisi Tbilisi quTaisi qobuleTi BbaTumi Telavi
ojaxebis raodenoba 16 11 3 17 6 17 3 3
adamianebis
122 73 31 196 45 85 14 24
raodenoba
srulwlovanTa
45 29 14 138 18 25 5 4
raodenoba
arasrulwlovanTa
77 44 17 58 27 60 9 20
raodenoba
srulwlovanTa
raodenoba 23 29 9 138 18 21 2 0
dokumentebiT
arasrulwlovanTa
raodenoba 29 41 9 58 27 59 0 0
dokumentebiT
saskolo asakis
18 16 12 15 10 14 5 15
bavSvebis raodenoba
skolaSi Caricxul
5 9 0 0 10 3 0 0
bavSvebis raodenoba
soflis
meurneoba,
maTxovroba, vaWroba, vaWroba, vaWroba, vaWroba,
Semosavali vaWroba maTxovroba vaWroba maTxovroba maTxovroba vaWroba maTxovroba maTxovroba
droebiTi naqiravebi sakuTari droebiTi
sakuTari TavSesafrebi da saxlebi da saxlebi da sakuTari naqiravebi TavSesafre
dasaxlebis tipebi sakuTari saxlebi saxlebi karvebi binebi binebi saxlebi saxlebi bi
eleqtroba aris, dabali Zabva aris aris aris aris aris aris aris
ar aris, wyaro 200 ar aris, wyaro ar aris, wyaro
wyalgayvaniloba m. daSorebiT sofelSi dasaxlebaSi aris aris aris aris aris
warmomavlobis Sto vlaxi vlaxi vlaxi, krimi krimi krimi krimi krimi vlaxi
harbuzi, Coradaesi, Coradaesi, Coradaesi,
butka, plaSuni, nalihaCi, petalidisi, petalidisi, petalidisi,
melenki, manki, palenki jujukea, jujukea, jujukea,
klanis wevroba temriuki mekoria, kalaCi bubuliadesi bubuliadesi bubuliadesi N/A N/A
ukraina, ukraina,
warmoSobis qveyana ukraina, ruseTi ruseTi ukraina, ruseTi ruseTi ruseTi, ukraina ruseTi ruseTi ukraina
muslimi, evengelisti,
marTlmadideb marTlmadidebeli, marTlmadideb marTlmadidebel marTlmadideb marTlmadi
religia marTlmadidebeli eli muslimi eli i, muslimi eli, muslimi muslimi debeli
mSobliuri ena boSuri boSuri boSuri boSuri boSuri boSuri boSuri boSuri
rusuli, rusuli, rusuli,
meore ena rusuli rusuli rusuli, qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli qarTuli rusuli rusuli
gaCiani-lilo- dedofliswyar samgori- Telavi-
moZraobis da samgori- o-lilo- lilo-samgori- quTaisi- quTaisi-samgori- qobuleTi- baTumi- dedoflisw
vaWrobis areali dedofliswyaro gaCiani dedofliswyaro Telavi qobuleTi baTumi-quTaisi quTaisi yaro