saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

II Tema. saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

1. qarTlis samefo IV-V saukuneebSi

1. Seni azriT, ra ganapirobebda qarTlis samefos neitralur pozicias?

2. ramdenad momgebianad Tvli arsebul viTarebaSi qarTlis neitralitets?

saboloo jamSi, omi sparseTis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. imperatori

ivliane brZolis velze sasikvdilod daiWra. 363 wels daido axali, 30
wliani zavi. zavis pirobebi romisTvis sakmaod mZime aRmoCnda.
wyaro 1
`isini iranelebs ubrunebdnen xuT provincias da uTmobdnen qalaqebs
nizibinsa da singaras. amasTan pirobas debdnen, rom ar Caereodnen somxeTis
saqmeebSi da daxmarebas ar gauwevdnen Tavis yofil qveSevrdomsa da mokavSire somxebs iranelebTan brZolaSi. zavis pirobebSi iberiaze laparaki ar
yofila. Cans, misi politikuri statusi ucvlelad rCeboda~.
l. janaSia.

kiTxvebi
1. rogor fiqrob, iqoniebda Tu ara gavlenas zavis pirobebi qarTlis samefos sagareo politikur mdgomareobaze?
2. Seni azriT, rogor isargeblebda sparseTi bizantiasTan miRweuli SeTanxmebiT?
57

qarTlis samefo IV-V saukuneebSi

kiTxvebi

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

298 wlis nizibinis zaviT

romma garkveuli upiratesoba moi pova sparseTze, _ ganmtkicda misi politikuri gavlena
amierkavkasiis qveynebze. saomari
moqmedebebis Sewyveta Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyena sparseTmac.
metoqesTan momavali brZolebis
sawarmoeblad
da
dakarguli
teritoriebis kvlav SemoerTebis
mizniT gatarda mTeli rigi
RonisZiebebi, ramac ganamtkica
qveynis Tavdacvisunarianoba da samxedro Zliereba.
sparseTi ver egueboda marcxs da zavis vadis amowurvamde, 338 wels,
Sahma Sabur II-m romis winaaRmdeg omi ganaaxla. omi or frontze warmoebda, _ SuamdinareTsa da amierkavkasiaSi, xanmokle SesvenebebiT da
ocdaxuT wels gagrZelda.
meomari mxareebis warmateba damokidebuli iyo amierkavkasieli
xalxebis mxardaWeraze. maTi mimxrobiT, jarisa da cixe-simagreebis
gamoyenebiT, Znelad gasavleli adgilebis dauflebiT da, agreTve, adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mxridan jaris sursaTiT momaragebiT isini metoqesTan SedarebiT seriozul upiratesobas moi povebdnen.
amierkavkasiis saxelmwifoebs ki romsa da sparseTs Soris dapirispirebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araerTgvarovani pozicia hqondaT. albaneTi, sparseTTan siaxlovisa da misi samxedro-politikuri zewolis
gamo, sparseTis mxares ibrZoda. iberiis samefos ki, romelic romis imperias formalurad eqvemdebareboda da mis samxedro mokavSired iTvleboda,
neitraluri pozicia ekava.

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

sparseTma zavis pirobebiT isargebla da somxeTSi SeiWra. somxeTi romisagan daxmarebas veRar miiRebda. Zlieri mokavSiris gareSe darCenili somxeTis mdgomareobas isic arTulebda, rom
adgilobrivi warCinebulebis (`naxararebi~) nawili sparseTis waqezebiT mefe arSak II-s ganudga,
_ `man Tavs uSvela maTgan kavkasiis mxareSi qarTvelTa daxmarebiT~.
qristianoba
da saqarTvelo
saqarTvelo IV saukunidan
VII saukunis
I naxevramde

wyaro 2
`arSaki dabrunda qarTlis jariT, Seagrova agreTve mcireodenni Tavisi erTgulni da SeebrZola naxararebs Tavisi qalaqis arSakavanis dangrevisaTvis Suris saZieblad~.
movses xorenaci, somexi istorikosi.

somxeTisaTvis brZola sparseTis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. amas mohyva qarTlze sparselebis

gamolaSqreba.
wyaro 3
sparselebma qarTlidan gaaZeves mefe saurmagi, `romelic romaelTa SemweobiT ganagebda iberias, da am xalxis gamgebloba vinme asfarugs gadasca; Tanac gvirgvini daadga, raTa Cveni gadawyvetilebisaTvis Seuracxyofa mieyenebina~
amiane marceline, romaeli istorikosi.

davaleba 1
imsjele im faqtorebze, romlebmac sparseTs gauadvila qarTlis daqvemdebareba da teqstisa da
wyaro 3-isa da 4-is mixedviT daazuste movlenebis Tanmimdevroba.

romsa da sparseTs Soris amierkavkasiaSi politikuri batonobisaTvis brZola amiT ar

dasrulebula. maTi warmatebebi aramyari iyo, rasac, pirvel rigSi, TavisuflebisaTvis adgilobrivi xalxebis Tavdauzogavi brZola ganapirobebda.
iberiaSi sparselTa mmarTveloba didxans ar gagrZelebula. romaelTa mxardaWeriT mefe
saurmagi brZolas aaxlebs maT winaaRmdeg. gadamwyveti upiratesoba verc amJamad moi pova
romelime mxarem. zavis mixedviT, qarTlis samefo orad unda gayofiliyo, _ asfarugis
samkvidro kvlav sparseTis uzenaesobas cnobda, saurmagis xelaxali gamefebiT ki qarTlis
nawili romaelTa gavlenis sferoSi eqceoda.
wyaro 4
`...(imperatori) daTanxmda iberiis gayofas ise, rom sazRvrad SuaSi mdinare kirosi (mtkvari)
dadebuliyo da savromaks (saurmags) armeniisa da lazebis mosaRvre mxare rgeboda, asfarugs _
albaniisa da sparselebis momijnave~

qarTlis samefo IV-V saukuneebSi

amiane marcelini.

davaleba 2
rukis (sur. 2.2.1.1.) da wyaros 5-is mixedviT daadgine da amowere or nawilad gayofili qarTlis
sasazRvro punqtebi da mezobeli qveynebi.

V saukunis dasawyisSi sparseTis batonobis winaaRmdeg brZolebi kvlav ganaxlda. qarTlis samefos gaZlierebas sxva mowinaaRmdegec gamouCnda. es iyo aRmosavleT romis imperia,
romelic bizantiis saxeliTaa cnobili.
wyaro 5
mefe mirdati `mter eqmna berZenTa da sparsTa. berZenTagan eZiebda klarjeTs, sazRvarsa qarTlisasa, xolo sparseTs ara miscemda xarksa~.
`qarTlis cxovreba~.

wyaro 6
`politikurad qarTuli qveynebi warmoadgendnen Semdeg suraTs: aRmosavleT saqarTvelo da
samxreT saqarTvelos nawili vidre klarjeTamdis Seadgendnen qarTlis samefos, romelic sparseTis monarqiis damokidebulebaSi imyofeboda da uSualod emorCileboda sparseTis CrdiloeTi
provinciebis did marzpans anu mmarTvels... klarjeTi da misi mimdebare qveynebi Woroxis xeobaSi
aRmosavleT romis (bizantiis) imperiis uSualo gamgeblobaSi imyofeboda. aRm. romis imperiis
aseve uSualo mmarTvelobaSi imyofeboda megruli (Wanuri da sxv.) qveynebi...~
s. kakabaZe.

58

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

wyaro 7

a. jafariZe.

davaleba 3
1. wyaroebis 5-is, 6-isa da 7-is mixedviT imsjele bizantiisa da sparseTis politikur interesebze qarTlis samefos mimarT.
2. imsjele, Tu rogor aisaxa bizantia-sparseTis urTierTobebi qarTlis samefos politikur
mdgomareobaze.

sparseTi qarTlze Tavisi gavlenis ganmtkicebas religiuri niSniTac cdilobda. qristianobas saqarTvelosTvis, sarwmunoebrivTan erTad, politikuri mniSvnelobac hqonda.
gaqristianebiT qarTlis samefos kavSiri romis, SemdegSi bizantiis, imperiasTan kidev ufro
mtkicdeboda, rac sparseTis politikuri da kulturuli (religiurTan erTad) gavlenis
Sesustebasac moaswavebda. amierkavkasiis qveynebze batonobis gasamyareblad sparseTi cdilobda maTSi mazdeanobis gavrcelebas.
wyaro 8
`sparseTis gavlenasa da batonobas somxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba uSlida xels... amis
gamo sparseTis mTavroba sul imis sagonebelSi iyo, rom qarTvelTa, somexTa da albanelTaTvis
sarwmunoeba Seecvala. winaT, roca am samTave xalxSi cecxlTayvanismcemloba gavrcelebuli
iyo, sparseTTan maT sarwmunoebrivi kavSiri hqondaT da axlac sparseTis Sahin-Sahi da mTavroba
mowadinebuli iyo, rom kavkasiaSi rogorme mazdeanoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gaexada~.
iv. javaxiSvili.

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

`... bizantia mitacebul qarTul miwebs swrafad rTavda imperiis sisxlsavse cxovrebaSi da
swrafadve kulturulad `aberZnebda~ qarTvel mosaxleobas. Tuki qarTvelebs sparselTa winaaRmdeg farad hqondaT qristianuli sarwmunoeba, berZnuli asimilaciisgan qarTvelebs araferi ar
ifaravda. miuxedavad amisa, radganac saqarTvelos didi umTavresi nawili sparsTa gavlenis qveS
imyofeboda, mTavari safrTxe mainc sparseTisgan modioda~.

wyaro 12

l. janaSia.

davaleba 4
1. wyaro 8-isa da 9-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe sparseTis religiuri da kulturuli politika amierkavkasiis xalxebis mimarT.
2. imsjele sparseTis religiur-kulturuli eqspansiis mosalodnel Sedegebze amierkavkasiis
qveynebisaTvis.
59

qarTlis samefo IV-V saukuneebSi

`am miznis misaRwevad iranelebma gadawyvites am qveynebis izolacia arairanuli

samyarosagan, maTi kulturis mospoba da
mosaxleobis sruli asimilacia. iranelebs kargad hqondaT mofiqrebuli samoqmedo gegma, romelsac didi TanamimdevrobiTa da SeupovrobiT axorcielebdnen...
Tavdapirvelad SemoiRes metad samZimo
samxedro begara, romelsac mohyva axali
sagadasaxado sistema. Semdeg iranelebi
apirebdnen amierkavkasiis qveynebSi yovelsur. 2.2.1.2. amierkavkasiis saxelmwifoebi (albaneTi).
gvari Sinagani politikuri damoukideblobis likvidacias da qristianuli religiis mazdeanuriT Secvlas...
... unda daexuraT eklesiebi... gaerekaT mTeli qristianuli samRvdeloeba da samudamod aRmoefxvraT qristianoba amierkavkasiaSi. mogvebs unda gaexsnaT skolebi da mazdeanoba eswavlebinaT
ara marto didebulTa aramed ubralo mdabiurTaTvisac. unda gaevrcelebinaT, agreTve, iranuli
wes-Cveulebanic, magaliTad, qorwinebis, dasaflavebisa da sxv.
raTa warmodgena viqonioT, Tu raoden masStaburad tardeboda es RonisZieba, sakmarisia aRiniSnos, rom mxolod somxebs Svidasze meti mogvi mihyveboda~.

qarTlis samefo IV-V saukuneebSi

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad sparseTi kargad iyenebda qveynebs SigniT arsebul winaaRmdegobebs _ dapirispirebas mefis xelisuflebasa da msxvil miwaTmflobelTa nawils Soris.
mefe sakuTari xelisuflebis ganmtkicebisTvis ibrZoda da am amocanis ganxorcielebas gaZlierebuli mTavrebis Zalauflebis SekveciT, maTi damorCilebiT cdilobda. warCinebulTa
nawili ki sakuTari privilegiebisa da SeuzRudveli Zalauflebis SenarCunebas eswrafoda
da mefis xelisuflebis dasustebiT dainteresebul sparseTs zogjer mokavSireobasac uwevda. warCinebulTa umravlesoba mxolod piradi interesebiT rodi moqmedebda, _ maT kargad
esmodaT qveynis erTianobis mniSvneloba Tavisuflebisa da TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisaTvis
brZolaSi, amitom maTi umravlesoba bolomde erTgulebda sakuTar samSoblos da qveynis TavisuflebisaTvis brZolaSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda.
wyaro 10
`roca zogi aznauri gamdidrda da gaZlierda, mas ukve mefis morCileba aRar surda. garda
amisa, aznaurebs mefisagan mamulebi hqondaT miRebuli samsaxuris pirobiT. mefe am mamulebs Tavis
sakuTrebad Tvlida. aznaurebs ki maTi daTmoba enanebodaT da sabolood miCemeba surdaT. gaCaRda
brZola mefesa da did aznaur-mTavrebs Soris. amiT isargebles sparselebma, mefis ukmayofilo
aznaurebTan kavSiri gaabes da isini Tavis mxareze gadaibires~.
s. janaSia.

qarTvel warCinebulTa am nawilisgan sparseTis `erTguleba~ iseTive droebiTi movlena

iyo, rogorc maTi batonoba saqarTveloze.
wyaro 11
`esreT ra ucalo iqmnes sparsni, maSin SeiTqunes yovelni erisTavni qarTlisani... da wargzavnes mociquli winaSe berZenTa mefisa da iTxoves, raTa... iyvnen erisTavni igi Tuis-Tuissa
saerisTaosa Seucvlelad~.
`qarTlis cxovreba~.

davaleba 5
1. wyaro 10-isa da 11-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe sparseTis socialuri politika amierkavkasiis qveynebis mimarT.
2. imsjele, ra socialuri faqtori Seuwyobda xels qarTlSi sparseTis politikuri interesebis
gatarebas.

adgilobrivi didaznaurebis mimxrobiT sparseTma 428 wels SeZlo somxeTSi mefobis

gauqmeba, rac, faqtiurad, qveynis damoukideblobis dakargvas niSnavda. 463 wels igive bedi
gaiziara albaneTis samefomac.
amierkavkasieli xalxebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mZime iyo sparseTis mier dakisrebuli
samxedro begara _ Sahis moTxovniT mravalricxovani jaris gamoyvana Soreuli laSqrobebisaTvis. aseTi politikiT sparseTi zrdida sakuTar samxedro SesaZleblobebs da sxva
qveynebis dapyrobiT ifarToebda samflobelos, amave dros asustebda misdami daqvemdebarebuli qveynebis Tavdacvisunarianobas.
dakisrebuli xarkis sidide ki mosaxleobis ekonomikur gaRatakebas iwvevda.
wyaro 12
`TviTonac didad ukvirdaT saidan modis mTeli es ganZi, an rogor aris kidev es qveyana
Senebulio~
eliSe, V saukunis somexi istorikosi.

damoukidebeli samuSao
Seajame, ra Sedegebi gamoiRo sparseTis mmarTvelobam qarTlis samefoSi da zogadad amierkavkasiis qveynebSi.
ganmartebebi
neitraluri _ iseTi (qveyana, teritoria), sadac saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT ar SeiZleba omis
warmoeba, samxedro Zalebis ganlageba; vinc ar emxroba arc erT mxares brZolaSi.
berZenTa _ aq:, igivea rac bizantielTa.
60

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

2. vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba

kiTxva
1. Seni azriT, riT SeiZleba aixsnas istorikosTa mier cnobebis gazviadeba?

es sainteresoa:
mefis mcirewlovanobis dros saxelmwifos vaxtangis deda _ sagduxti
ganagebda. Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, is warmoSobiT sparseli,
sparseTis CrdiloeTis provinciebis didi marzpanis Svili iyo. did marzpans
emorCileboda qarTlis samefoc da, rogorc Cans, Tavis droze sagduxtisa da
qarTlis mefis mirdatis qorwinebas politikuri xasiaTi hqonda. wyaroebis
mixedviT, sagduxti qarTlis Rirseuli dedofalia. man qarTuli ena da wesCveulebebi swrafad Seiswavla da qristianobac aRiara. didia misi damsaxureba
qarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. sagduxti mefe mirdatis
gardacvalebisTanave eaxla mamas _ did marzpans, Seavedra mcirewlovani
vaxtangi da gamoiTxova misi gamefebis nebarTva.

sur. 2.2.2.1.
vaxtang gorgasali.

wyaro 1
`... varsqenisa da SuSanikis damokidebuleba Sors gascda ojaxuri
dramis farglebs da didi sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifoebrivi
mniSvneloba miiRo. miuxedavad amisa, varsqeni aravis ar erideba: scems
Tavis Zmas jojiks, romelic gamoeqomaga SuSaniks, joxs daartyams erT
xucess; TviT umaRlesi samRvdeloebac ki erideba pitiaxSis risxvas...
amrigad, varsqenis risxvisagan SuSaniki ver daufaravs verc qarTul
eklesias, verc qarTlis aznaurobas da, miT umetes, verc xalxs _ `wvril
sur. 2.2.2.2. SuSaniki.
ers~.
... damaxasiaTebelia, rom `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ erTxelac ar ixsenieba qarTlis mefe. TviT
TariRis aRniSvnis drosac iranis mefea moxseniebuli...~
l. janaSia.

igive iTqmis bolnisis sionis warweris (V s. 90-iani wlebi) Sesaxebac. sapitiaxSos

teritoriaze am taZris ageba daTariRebulia sparseTis Sahis, perozis, zeobis wlebis
mixedviT.
61

vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba

rogorc viciT, V saukunis Sua wlebSi qarTlis samefo sparseTis eqspansiis realuri
saSiSroebis winaSe idga. samefo kari iZulebuli iyo Tavi sparseTis qveSevrdomad gamoecxadebina,
eZlia misTvis xarki da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mas samxedro ZaliTac daxmareboda.
arc qveynis SigniT iyo saxarbielo mdgomareoba. sparseTi mefis mowinaaRmdege
warCinebulebis gadabirebas cdilobda da sanacvlod maT xalSeuxeblobasa da did wyalobas
hpirdeboda. moxerxebuli di plomatiiT aRwevda kidec sawadels da romelime msxvil
xelisufals mainc aumxedrebda xolme mefes.
sparseTis mxardaWeriT gandidebuli aseTi xelisufalia qvemo
qarTlis pitiaxSi varsqeni, romelic Sahis ndobisa da mxardaWeris
mosapoveblad uaryofs qristianobas da gamazdeanebuli, sparseTis
daxmarebiT daimedebuli, aSkarad upirispirdeba mefes.

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

vaxtang gorgaslis gamefebis TariRi dRemde dauzustebelia. qarTuli saistorio

wyaroebi `moqcevai qarTlisai~ da, gansakuTrebiT, juanSeris `cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~,
marTalia, bevr saintereso cnobas gvawvdis vaxtangis mefobisa da im drois saqarTvelos
politikuri da kulturuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, magram qarTvel istorikosTa azriT,
maTSi gadmocemuli ambebi zogjer istoriul sinamdvilesTan Seusabamoa, rig SemTxvevebSi ki,
vaxtangis mefobis zRaprul aRwerilobas gvTavazoben.
istorikosTa umravlesoba vaxtangis gamefebis savaraudo TariRad V saukunis 40-iani
wlebis miwuruls asaxelebs. gaziarebulia is azric, rom gamefebisas vaxtangi mcirewlovani
iyo _ wyaroebis mixedviT Svidi wlis.

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

davaleba 1
1. riT aixsneba is faqti, rom `SuSanikis wamebasa~ da
bolnisis sionis warweraSi araa moxseniebuli vaxtang
gorgasali, xolo movlenebi ki daTariRebulia sparseTis
Sahis zeobis wlebiT.
2. gansazRvre da Seafase varsqen pitiaxSis roli sparseTisa
da qarTlis dapirispirebaSi.
3. imsjele im Sedegebze, rac sparseTis socialurma
politikam gamoiRo.
sur. 2.2.2.3. bolnisis sioni.

qveynis TavisuflebisaTvis brZola mxolod xalxis

erTianobisa da saxelmwifos
simtkicis pirobebSi gamoiRebda sasurvel Sedegs. amitomac mefem upirveles miznad Sida
winaaRmdegobebis daZleva daisaxa.
wyaro 2
`gorgaslis epoqis Tanadrouli bizantiuri da somxuri wyaroebis analizis safuZvelze...
leonti mrovelis mowmoba Seesabameba sinamdviles... rom qarTlis mefem vaxtang gorgasalma
namdvilad gaaerTiana dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelo V saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi...~.
d. musxeliSvili.

vaxtang gorgasals ara mxolod saero pirebi upirispirdebodnen, aramed maRali

samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebic. maT xelmZRvanelobda mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli.
wyaro 3
`... mTavar episkoposi iyo miqael da man miamTxvia (aukra) ferxi pirsa mefisasa vaxtangs. xolo
mefeman waravlinna mociqulni saberZneTs da iTxova mefisagan da patriarqisagan kaTalikozi.
xolo man mosca petre kaTalikozi. da Tana hyvanda mas samoel monazoni, wmindai da Rirsi. da
aRaSena qvemoi eklesiai vaxtang mefeman. da dasua petre kaTalikozi~.
`moqcevai qarTlisai~.

vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba

mefesa da mTavarepiskoposs Soris momxdari incindentis mizezebs istorikosebi ara

erTgvarovnad xsnian. erTiani azris ararseboba wyaroTa cnobebis simwiriTacaa ganpi
robebuli.
wyaro 4
`episkoposebad am dros ukve warCinebulebs, aznaurebs vxedavT. am episkoposebs axla Tavisi mefe
iseve moZulebuli hyavdaT, rogorc mTavrebsa da sxva did aznaurebs. eklesias V saukuneSi ukve didi
mamulebi hqonda. am mamulebis gamo qarTlis mefesa da samRvdeloebas Soris iseTive brZola gaCaRda,
rogoric mefesa da sxva did aznaurebs Soris iyo. amitom dauaxlovdnen erTmaneTs sparselebi da
qarTlis samRvdeloeba. TandaTan qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi da episkoposebis umravlesoba sparseTis
mxares gadavida iseve, rogorc mezobel somxeTSi. samagierod sparselebi Tavis momxre episkoposebs
uxvad ajildoebdnen. iyo iseTi SemTxvevac, roca qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadac ki iyo
daniSnuli sparselebis mier. ase daiwyo qarTlis mTavrebisa da episkoposebis brZola sparseTTan
xelixel CakidebiT qarTlis mefis winaaRmdeg~.
s. janaSia.

wyaro 5
`is garemoeba, rom dakrulva da eklesiidan gaZeveba (miqaelisagan) mefis garda spasac ewia...
imis momaswavebeli unda iyos, rom uTanxmoeba maSin marto mefis moqmedebis gamo ki ar unda iyos
Camovardnili, aramed spas, e. i. maRal samxedro wres da raindobasac edeboda brali. maSasadame,
vaxtang gorgaslis gegma da moqmedeba marto misi piradi ganzraxva ar unda yofiliyo, aramed, am
mowinave samxedro wrisac.
amgvarad irkveva, kaTalikosobis dawesebasa da axal episkoposTa daniSvnasTan dakavSirebul
uTanxmoebaSi or mopirdapire banakTan unda gvqondes saqme. erTi mxriv yofila vaxtangi, `spa~
da petre da samuel episkoposebi danarCeni 12 saepiskopozo piriTurT, meore mxriT, miqael
mTavarepiskopozi Tavisi TanamoazreebiTurT~.
iv. javaxiSvili.
62

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

davaleba 2
1. wyaro 4-isa da 5-is safuZvelze gansazRvre da Camoayalibe is savaraudo mizezebi, romelTac
mefesa da mTavarepiskoposs Soris dapirispirebis gamowveva SeeZlo.
2. Seni azriT, ra saSiSroebas qmnida saxelmwifosaTvis samefo da saeklesio xelisufalTa Soris
dapirispireba?

wyaro 6
`kaTalikosobis dawesebiT vaxtangi ramdenime miznis miRwevas cdilobda. pirvel yovlisa, eklesi
is TviTmwysoba, cxadia, aZlierebda qveynis damoukideblobas. Semdeg, samefo xelisufleba, ueWvelia,
met gavlenas iZenda mRvdelmTavarze, romlis arCevaSi mefes meti xma eZleoda. dabolos, vaxtangma
moicila mTavarepiskoposi (miqaeli), romelic, etyoba, mis mowinaaRmdegeTa banaks ekuTvnoda~.
l. janaSia.

wyaro 7
`SemTxveviTi ar iyo qarTlSi sworad 12 saepiskoposos daarseba: amieridan qarTlis eklesias
gaaCnda sakuTari saeklesio kreba (saeklesio samarTliT saeklesio kreba 12 episkoposisagan unda
Semdgariyo), romelic uflebamosili iyo Tavisi Sinagani saqmeebi _ episkoposTa xeldasxma _
gadayeneba _ TviTve ganego... es garemoeba adasturebs qarTlis eklesiis mier damoukideblobis,
avtokefaliis miRebas~.
n. lomouri.

kiTxvebi
1. Seni azriT, ratom Sedgeboda saeklesio kreba 12 episkoposisgan?
2. wyaro 7-is mixedviT ra uflebebi hqonda saeklesio krebas?
3. rogor gesmis eklesiis `TviTmwysobis~, damoukideblobis mniSvneloba?
4. Seni azriT, Seuwyobda Tu ara xels vaxtangis saeklesio RonisZiebebi samefo xelisuflebis
ganmtkicebas?

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

mTavarepiskopos miqaelis winaaRmdegobis daZlevas vaxtangis mier qarTlSi kaTaliko

sobis daweseba mohyva.

es sainteresoa:

s.janaSia.

bizantiis imperiaSi saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb saintereso

cnobas iZleva arqiepiskoposi lolii:
`msoflio saeklesio kreba imperatorisa da saxelmwifos krebaa, mas ama Tu im olqis mitro
politi ki ar iwvevs, aramed imperatori. krebas eswrebian ara TavianT samitropolitoebSi
arCeuli episkoposebi, aramed imperatoris xelisuflebis Sexedulebisamebr daniSnulni da ga
moZaxebulni, ris gamoc yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis episkoposis daswreba ar iyo savaldebulo.
krebis yvela gansazRvreba (aqti), kanoni da sarwmunoebis dogmati ZalaSi Sedioda, avtoritetsa
da qmediTobas iZenda imperatoris mier maTi damtkicebis Semdeg. amitom saeklesio krebis
dadgenilebaTa mowinaaRmdege ganixileboda imperatoris gankargulebis mowinaaRmdeged da amis
Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo kanonebis Tanaxmad isjeboda~.

davaleba 3
1. Seqmeni saeklesio TanamdebobaTa ierarqiuli kibe an sqema.
2. imsjele bizantiaSi saero da saeklesio xelisuflebis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb.

damoukidebeli samuSao
Seafase vaxtang gorgaslis mier ganxorcielebuli reformis saeklesio da saxelmwifoebrivi
mniSvneloba
63

vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba

`qristianul organizacias, qristianebis krebuls, berZnuli sityviT `eklesiiT~ aRniSnavdnen.

SemdegSi qarTulad eklesia daerqva im Senobasac, sadac qristianebis krebuli Tavs iyrida
locvisaTvis. raki qarTlSi qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gadaiqca, qarTlis eklesiamac
iseTive wyobileba miiRo, rogoric hqonda qarTlis samefos... calke saerisTavoebis saeklesio
saqmeebs ganagebdnen episkoposebi, romelnic emorCilebodnen qarTlis anu mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs
(saeklesio reformis Semdeg umaRlesi samRvdelo piri gaxda kaTalikosi). episkoposebs
eqvemdebarebodnen xucebi anu mRvdlebi... ~.

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

samefo xelisuflebis gantkicebisa da zogadad

qveynis gaZlierebisken iyo mimarTuli is masStabu
ri aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianoba, rasac samefo kari awar
moebda.
wyaro 8
`aRaSena naSenebiTa uzomoTa... amagrebda cixeTa da qalaqTa da
hkazmida mxedarTa da ganamzadebda brZolad sparsTa...~.
`qarTlis cxovreba~.

sur. 2.2.2.6. nariyalas cixe.

sparseTis winaaRmdeg dagegmil omSi warmatebis miRweva mxolod qarTlis samefos ZalebiT
Zneli iqneboda. mezobel saxelmwifoebSi _ somxeTsa da albaneTSi, rogorc iciT, sparseTma
mefoba gaauqma da es qveynebi uSualod daiqvemdebara. am viTarebaSi rTuli iyo erTiani
frontis Seqmna da TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli Zalebis gaerTianeba.
vaxtang gorgasalma, pirvel rigSi, Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebTan _ osebTan, yivCaRebTan
da hunebTan ganamtkica samxedro kavSiri. aseT mokavSireobas ukve didi xnis istoria
hqonda da, bunebrivia, axlac, sparseTis winaaRmdeg gadamwyveti brZolebis dawyebis win,
CrdilokavkasielTa mxardaWeras gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda.
wyaro 9
`... Seqmna kari ovseTisani da aRaSena mas zeda godoli da daayena mas zeda mcvelni
maxlobelni mis adgilisani da uwoda karad mas darialisa, da aw Tvinier mefisa ver xelewifebis gadmosvlad~.
`wminda ninos cxovreba~.

ajanyebis dawyebas uSualod ukavaSirdeboda qarTlSi sparseTis mokavSire Zalebis

winaaRmdeg gadamwyveti ieriSis mitana. sparseTis orientaciis momxreTa erT-erTi aRiarebuli
meTauri varsqen pitiaxSi iyo. mefem 482 wels varsqeni moakvlevina, rac erovnuli Zalebis
did gamarjvebad unda CaiTvalos.
kargad iqna SerCeuli ajanyebis dawyebis droc. sparseTs garTulebuli hqonda mdgomareoba
Sua aziaSi, ajanyebisTvis emzadebodnen somxebica da albanelebic. mezobel xalxebSi iranisadmi
mtruli ganwyoba,agreTve,Crdilokavkasiel xalxebTan damyarebuli kavSiri,
karg safuZvels iZleoda dampyroblis winaaRmdeg saerTo kavkasiuri
brZolis dawyebisaTvis.
ajanyeba warmatebiT daiwyo, _ moxerxda qarTlidan iranelebis gandevna.
magram ajanyebulTa mdgomareoba mainc ar iyo sanugeSo. hunebis mier
Sepirebuli mravalricxovani jaris magier vaxtangs samas kaciani razmi ewvia.
erTianoba arc somexTa Soris iyo. aqaur warCinebulTa nawili sparsuli
mmarTvelobis samsaxurSi idga. patriotTa banaki ki, cnobili sardlis
vahan mamikonianis (SuSanikis mamis) meTaurobiT, marTalia, ajanyebaSi aqtiur
monawileobas iRebda, magram mcirericxovnobis gamo mowinaaRmdegesTan
sur. 2.2.2.7.
vahan mamikoniani.
pirispir brZolas erideboda da mTis viwrobebSi iyo gamagrebuli.
wyaro 10
`icoda (vahan mamikonianma) somexTa jaris sisuste da xedavda, rom mas dahkargvoda mxneoba,
dauZlurebuliyo da srulebiTac ara hgavda sxva drois gulmodginebasa da mondomebas~.
lazar farpeci, somexi istorikosi.

gaerTianebuli qarTul-somxuri jari, vaxtangisa da vahan mamikonianis meTaurobiT,

seriozul winaaRmdegobas uwevda sparseTis laSqars, magram misi damarcxeba da dawyebuli
brZolis gamarjvebamde miyvana mainc ver SeZlo.
davaleba 4
1. imsjele vaxtang gorgaslis kavkasiuri politikis Sesaxeb.
2. Seafase erTiani samxedro frontis mniSvneloba saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi.
64

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

484 wels sparseTma amierkavkasiaSi mravalricxovani jari gamogzavna. vaxtangi egrisSi
gaixizna da axali laSqrobisaTvis mzadebas Seudga. arc sparselebis mdgomareoba iyo saxarbielo.
iranis Sahi perozi, mowinave jarTan erTad aRmosavleTSi laSqrobis dros daiRupa. iranelTa
is jari ki, romelic saqarTveloSi salaSqrod emzadeboda, ukan iqna gawveuli.
wyaro 11

l. janaSia.

kiTxvebi
1. Seni azriT, ra dadebiTi Sedegi SeiZleba moetana iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas qarTlis samefo
saTvis?
2. wyaro 11-is mixedviT, riT dasturdeba, rom miuxedavad garkveuli warmatebebisa, qarTli mainc
iranis Sahis gavlenis qveS rCeboda?

garkveuli warmatebebis miuxedavad, vaxtangs ar

Seuwyvetia qveynis sruli TavisuflebisaTvis brZola.
vaxtangis mematianis cnobiT, mefe erT-erT brZolaSi
daWrila, rac misi sikvdilis mizezic gamxdara.

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

`iranelebi uaRresad mZime viTarebaSi aRmoCndnen. aman aiZula isini mTel rig mniSvnelovan
daTmobebze wasuliyvnen... ajanyebuli somxeTis moTxovniT, iranelebma piroba dades SeewyvitaT
qristianobis devna, ar daerRviaT adgilobrivi tradiciebi da mniSvnelovani saqmeebi TviTon Sahs
gaerCia. iranelebma gamoacxades, rom isini ar adanaSaulebdnen ajanyebulebs, radgan ajanyeba
TviT perozis Zalmomreobam gamoiwviao... 485 wels, ajanyebulTa meTauri vahan mamikoniani som
xeTis marzpanad daniSnes. iranelebi albanelebis winaSec wasulan daTmobaze. kerZod, iq maT me
foba aRudgeniaT...
ueWvelia, ajanyebas dadebiTi Sedegebi qarTlisTvisac unda moetana. amdenad, Tumca vaxtangma
ver SesZlo sabolood gaeTavisuflebina qarTli iranuli uRlisagan, magram misma ajanyebam
nawilobriv mainc miaRwia mizans. samwuxarod Cven ar SegviZlia imis Cveneba, Tu konkretulad
raSi gamoixata es~.

wyaro 12

`qarTlis cxovreba~.

davaleba 5
1. yuradRebiT gaecani wyaro 13-s. Seni azriT, teqstis romeli nawili adasturebs istorikosebis
varauds juanSeris Txzulebis gazviadebulobis Sesaxeb?
2. gaixsene, ras niSnavs qarTulad vaxtang mefis metsaxeli _ `gorgasali~.
3. gaixsene legenda Tbilisis daarsebis Sesaxeb.

damoukidebeli samuSao
dawere ese vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis Sesaxeb. airCie SenTvis sasurveli Tema:
1. vaxtang gorgaslis pirovneba.
2. vaxtang gorgasali _ politikosi.
3. vaxtang gorgasali _ reformatori.
ganmartebebi
eqspansia _ aq, igivea rac dapyroba.
kontribucia _ fuladi gadasaxadi, romelsac omSi gamarjvebuli mxare damarcxebuls akisrebs
sazavo xelSekrulebis ZaliT.
dogmati _ igive dogma.
dogma _ dausabuTeblad, brmad miRebuli debuleba, romelsac miiCneven uryev WeSmaritebad.
65

vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba

`sparsma vinme sca isari mkerdsa vaxtangissa... damZimda

wyluleba vaxtangisi, rameTu Seweul iyo isari firtuad
sur. 2.2.2.5. ujarmis cixe.
(filtvi). da warvida ujarmos~.
`da iyo igi umaRles kacTa mis JamisaTa, da uSunieres saxiTa da Zlier ZaliTa, romel Wurvili
(aRWurvili) qveiTi iremsa miewiis, upyris rqa da daiWiros, da cxeni Wurvili aRiRis mxarTa
zeda da mcxeTiT aRvidis cixesa armazisasa~.

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

saeklesio ganxeTqileba

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

3. saeklesio ganxeTqileba
V-VI saukuneebSi qristianuli samyaro didma saeklesio ganxeTqilebam moicva. erTmaneTs
daupirispirda ori mimarTuleba _ diofizitoba da monofizitoba. qristianuli moZRvrebis
am ori konfesiis warmomadgenlebi RmerTis bunebas gansxvavebulad xsnidnen: diofizitebi
qristeSi RvTaebrivTan erTad adamianur sawyissac xedavdnen, monofizitebi ki aqcents
mxolod mis RvTiur bunebaze akeTebdnen. erTi SexedviT dava saRvTismetyvelo sakiTxebs
exeboda da mas politikuri da erovnuli dapirispirebis xasiaTi TiTqos arc ki hqonda,
magram, sinamdvileSi, am mimdinareobebis warmomadgenelTa Soris xangrZlivma da mwvave
konfliqtma sxvadasxva sfero moicva.
religiuri dapirispireba gascda qristianuli samyaros farglebs da masSi cecxl
Tayvanismcemeli sparseTic aqtiurad CaerTo. bizantiis imperiaSi oficialurad aRiarebuli
iyo diofizituri eklesia, monofizitoba ki idevneboda. amdenad, bizantiis politikuri da,
masTan erTad, religiuri mokavSireoba ukve ara zogadad qristianobis, aramed uSualod
diofizituri mrwamsis aRiarebiT mtkicdeboda. da piriqiT, imperiaSi akrZaluli da devnili
monofizitobis miReba konstantinopolTan politikur dapirispirebas niSnavda.
es kargad hqondaT gaazrebuli sparseTis mmarTvelebs. maTi upirvelesi amocana qristian
mosaxleobaSi mazdeanobis gavrceleba iyo, rac am xalxebis iranul samyarosTan daaxloebisa
da SemdegSi masTan Serwymis sawindari unda gamxdariyo. magram iq, sadac mazdeanobis
gavrceleba SeuZlebeli xdeboda, sparseli politikosebi qristianobis im mimarTulebas
uWerdnen mxars, romelic bizantiaSi idevneboda.
davaleba 1
1. imsjele religiuri ganxeTqilebis mizezebze.
2. imsjele im faqtorebze, ramac saeklesio ganxeTqileba gaamwvava da mas politikuri elferi
SesZina.

wyaro 1
`ar iqneboda swori, Tu warmovidgendiT, rom sparseTi qristianobis yovel mimarTulebas ebrZoda.
sparseTi mxolod im mimarTulebas, im frTas ebrZoda, romelic im momentSi romis (bizantiis)
imperiaSi iyo aRiarebuli. TviTon sparseTSi mravali qristiani cxovrobda da sparselebis
arcTu mcire nawili qristiani iyo, maT hqondaT TavianTi eklesia da TavianTi saeklesio ierarqia,
xolo sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi xalxebi, magaliTad, sirielebi da somxebi qristianebi iyvnen,
romelTa eklesiebic sparseTisaTvis misaRebi iyo~.
a. jafariZe.

wyaro 2
`mis Semdeg, rac daeca somex mefeTa taxti (428 w.), somxeTSi sparsTa xelisuflebam fexi
mtkiced moikida, bizantiis imperiisadmi dapirispirebuli iranis Sahis kari im xanebSi mxars uWerda
siriuli kulturis gavlenis gavrcelebas berZnulis sawinaaRmdegod (siriaSi gavrcelebuli iyo
monofizitoba). siriul kulturas somxeTSi isedac Rrmad hqonda fesvebi gamdgari da mTavrobis
mfarvelobis pirobebSi mas kidev ufro gaeSala frTebi~.
mose xoreneli, somexi istorikosi.

davaleba 2
1. wyaro 1-isa da 2-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe sparseTis religiuri politika.
2. Seswavlili masalis safuZvelze imsjele religiisa da politikis urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb.

sparseTis religiuri politika gansakuTrebiT mwvave xasiaTs somxeTSi Rebulobs. som

xeTis iraneli mmarTvelebi yoveli gziT cdilobdnen adgilobrivi eklesiis Camocilebas
bizantiisgan.
wyaro 3
`(sparsi mmarTveli) ra wignsac ki waawydeboda, igi wvavda, brZana, rom eswavlaT sparsuli da ara
berZnuli wera-kiTxva,aravis hqonda ufleba elaparaka berZnulad anda eTargmna am enidan. amas TiTqos imitom
Svreboda, rom somxebs jer kidev ar gaaCndaT anbani da berZnulad asrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas~.
mose xoreneli.
66

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

bizantiis xelisufleba da saeklesio pirebi cdilobdnen viTarebis gamosworebas. am mizniT
maT scnes somxeTis eklesiis damoukidebloba, raTa rogorme SeerbilebinaT misalodneli
dapirispireba da ramdenadme mainc SeenarCunebinaT sakuTari gavlena somxur eklesiaze. rig
SemTxvevebSi ki, mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad somxeTSi cnobil diofizit RvTismetyvelebs
agzavnidnen, raTa maT eqadagaT xalxisaTvis berZnuli qristianobis upiratesoba.
1. Seni azriT, ra gavlenas iqoniebda sparseTis religiuri politika somxeT-bizantiis politi
kur da kulturul urTierTobebze?
2. ra saSualebebiT cdilobda bizantia somxeTis eklesiaze gavlenis SenarCunebas?

rac Seexeba qarTul eklesias, mas maincdamainc ar ganucdia sparseTis religiuri

politikis gavlena. marTalia, qarTlSic Camoyalibda monoTeisturi Temebi, magram am process
masStaburi xasiaTi ar miuRia. qarTveli xalxis politikuri da religiuri mrwamsi
mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli qarTul hagiografiul nawarmoebSi `wminda raJdenis cxovreba~.
wyaro 6
`aRdges sparsni qristianeTa zeda... rameTu didi iyo maSin brZola da daucxromeli mtroba
qristianeTA zeda da ufroisad berZenTa mimarT, xolo Cuen qarTvelTA mimarT amisaTvis, rameTu
eZneleboda Cueni berZenTa mimarT siyvaruli da erToba da ese
iyo neba maTi, raTa Cuenca maTTana mter veqmneT berZenTa~.

wyaro 7
`... 574 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi monofizitobas simtkice
ukve Seryeuli uCans da qalkedonianobas (diofizitobas)
qarTul saeklesio wreebSi TanagrZnoba ukve mopovebuli hqonia.
asurel mamaTa moRvaweobis faqti swored qalkedonianobis
sur. 2.2.3.1. qalkedonis taZari.
saqarTveloSi am gamarjvebis gagebas gviadvilebs. rogorc
asurel berebs qalkedonianobis TavianTi rwmenis gabatonebisaTvis samSoblo miutovebiaT da
albaneTSi misulan saqadagod, iseve momxdara saqarTveloSic da asureli mamebi mosulan. Sinaganma
sarwmunoebrivma brZolam, asurel mamaTa energiulma moRvaweobam, bizantiisaken cxadad gadaxrili
politikuri orientaciis mZlavrma gavlenamac qalkedonianobas saqarTveloSi monofizitobaze
gamarjveba SeaZlebina~.

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

kiTxva

iv. javaxiSvili.

wyaro 4-isa da 5-is mixedviT imsjele qarTuli eklesiis sarwmunoebrivi da politikuri poziciebis
urTierTmimarTebaze.

religiurma ganxeTqilebam qarTvel da somex samRvdeloebas Soris mwvave diskusias misca biZgi. orive mxare erTnairi mondomebiT cdilobda saeklesio erTobis miRwevas, magram
yoveli aseTi mcdeloba urTierTbraldebebis wamoyenebiT sruldeboda.
qarTlis kaTalikosi arseni brals sdebda somxeTis samRvdeloebas politikuri mosazrebiT
_ sparseTis SiSiTa da misi mokavSireobis surviliT, diofizituri mrwamsisagan gadaxvevaSi.
wyaro 6
arsen kaTalikosis cnobiT, Sahma xosro I-ma somxebs mosTxova `erTi orTagan gamoirCieT _ an
miiReT asurelTa sarwmunoeba (monofizitoba) anda datoveT Tqveni qveyana da datoveT sparseTis
imperiis sazRvrebio. somxebi Zalian Sewuxdnen, maT arc sarwmunoebis Secvla surdaT da arc
qveynis datoveba...~. sabolood maT mainc sparseTis winaSe daTmoba arCies da gadawyvites _ `...
umjobesia Cveni sikvdili, vidre amJamad berZenTadmi mibruneba, qveynidan meored ayra-gadasaxleba
da Cveni amowyveta siRaribeSio... ~.

sapasuxo werilSi somexTa kaTalikosi abraami WeSmariti sarwmunoebidan gandgomilad

qarTul mxares asaxelebda.
67

saeklesio ganxeTqileba

davaleba 3

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

wyaro 7
`Tqven axla rom qadiliT mogvwereT Cven _
Cvensa da Tqven mamebs wminda grigolma ierusalimis
sarwmunoeba misca da Cven igive gvaqvso, aba kargad
gamoiZieT da naxeT, rom Tqvenc da sxvebic mravalni,
wminda qalaqis (ierusalimis) mkvidrebTan erTad,
SeicvaleT misgan, ara Tu igive gaqvT, xolo Cven
exlac ierusalimis sarwmunoeba gvaqvs~.
sur. 2.2.3.3.

eCmiaZini, somxeTis
saeklesio centri.

damoukidebeli samuSao
1. imsjele qarTul-somxuri saeklesio ganxeTqilebis mosalodnel politikur Sedegebze.
2. isaubre tolerantobis, kompromisis mniSvnelobaze religiuri ganxeTqilebis dros.
ganmartebebi
konfesia _ garkveuli religiuri mimdinareobis aRmsareblobis Tavisebureba.
tolerantoba _ sxvisi azrebis, rwmenis Semwynarebloba.
kompromisi _ urTierTdaTmobis gziT miRweuli SeTanxmeba.

4. qarTlis samefo VI saukuneSi

vaxtangis gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTlis samefo taxtze misi Ze daCi adis.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT:

qarTlis samefo VI saukuneSi

wyaro 1
`aman daCi mefeman iwyo Senebad qarTlisa, samefo mooxrebul iyvnes xevni qarTlisani, Tuinier
kaxeTisa da klarjeTisa da egrisisa. da ganasrula zRudeni Tbilisisani, da, viTa ebrZana vaxtangs,
igi Seqmna saxlad sameufod~.

amave periodSi samefo karze mwvavdeba politikuri oriantaciis sakiTxi,rac saxelmwifoSi

garkveuli ganxeTqilebis safuZveli xdeba.
wyaro 2
`mieriTgan ganiyvnes naTesavni vaxtang mefisani. rameTu Svilni daCisani hmonebdes sparsTa,
xolo Svilni mirdatisni daadges morCilebasa berZenTasa~.
`qarTlis cxovreba~.

sparseTis winaaRmdeg aqtiuri pozicia daikava mefe gurgenma. bizantiisgan daxmarebiT

daimedebulma mefem 523 wels sparseTis winaaRmdeg ajanyeba moawyo.
wyaro 3
`imperatorma...
petre
strategosi
gagzavna
ramdenime
huniTurT rom is daxmareboda gurgens, ramdenadac SesaZlebeli
iyo. amave dros kavadmac (iranis Sahi) didZali jari gagzavna
gurgenisa da iberebis winaaRmdeg... gurgenma rom dainaxa, rom
is sustia, sparselTa ieriSis atanisaTvis, radgan romaelebis
(bizantielebis) gamogzavnili damxmare Zalebi sakmarisi ar iyo,
lazikaSi gaiqca iberTa yvela didebuliTurT da Tan waiyvana
coli, Svilebi da Zmebi... lazikis sazRvrebSi rom movidnen, aq sur. 2.2.4.2. imperatori iustiniane.
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saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

gaCerdnen da Znelad gadasasvleli adgilebiT daculni, igeriebdnen mters. sparselebi ki daedevnen
maT, magram maincdamainc veraferi daakles, radgan saqmes aferxebda Zneladgasasvleli adgilebi.
Semdeg iberebi bizantionSi Cavidnen~.
prokopi kesarieli.

wyaro 4
gaqristianebul sparss, evstats, mcxeTeli mogvebi Sei pyroben da gansasjelad mcxeTis sparsel
cixisTavs miuyvanen. cixisTavi ase mimarTavs maT: `amis kacisa patiji me arara xelmewifebis, arca
pyrobileba, aramed waruZRuano ege tfiliss qalaqsa, qarTlisa marzpansa... rameTu yovlisa kacisa
qarTlisa mas xel-ewifebis sikudili da cxoreba~.
`evstati mcxeTelis martviloba~.

davaleba 1
1. wyaro 3-is mixedviT imsjele qarTlis ajanyebis damarcxebis mizezebze.
2. imsjele qarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis gauqmebis Sedegebze.
3. wyaro 4-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe marzpanis xelisufleba.

bizantiaSi gadaxvewili gurgeni cdilobs, daxmareba imperatorisgan miiRos. misi mizania

qarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis aRdgena da qveynis ganTavisufleba sparselebis batonobisgan,
magram male, 532 wels, bizantiasa da sparseTs Soris e.w. `saukuno zavi~ daido.
wyaro 5
`SeTanxmdnen erTmaneTTan sazavo pirobebSi, saxeldobr, rom orive mxare daabrunebda im adgilebs,
romlebic am omSi erTmaneTs waarTves... romaelebma misces sparselebs farangioni da bolonis
simagre (mdinareebis: Woroxisa da araqsis saTaveebTan mdebare simagreebi), xolo sparselebma
romaelebs _ lazikis simagreebi~.

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

sparseTma ajanyebis marcxiT isargebla da qarTlSi samefo xelisufleba gaauqma. amieridan

qarTls marTavs marzpani _ iraneli moxele, romelsac sruli Zalaufleba upyria xelT.

prokopi kesarieli.

zavi mebrZol mxareTagan srulad arc erTs ar akmayofilebda da miRweuli SeTanxmebac,

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, droebiTi aRmoCnda.
davaleba 2
es sainteresoa:
`sasanidebis imperia administraciuli TvalsazrisiT oTx mxared iyo dayofili, romelTac
sparsulad qustebi an qustakebi ewodeboda... es kustakebi, Tavis mxriv, calkeul qveynebad
nawildeboda. kavkasiis kustaki 13 aseTi qveynisgan Sedgeboda, romelTa Soris pirveli iyo
atropatakani (azerbaijani), meore _ armni (somxeTi), mesame _ varjani (qarTli), meoTxe _ rani
(alvaneTi)... da a.S. TiToeuls, rogorc wesi, `marzpani~ (mxaris ufrosi) marTavda~.
d. musxeliSvili.

am droisaTvis iranSi jer kidev mZvinvarebda mazdakidebis ajanyeba. misi sulisCamdgmeli

iyo vinme mazdaki, romelic qadagebda adamianTa Soris gabatonebuli siZulvilisa da mtrobis
mospobas, rac sikeTiTa da SemwynareblobiT unda Secvliliyo. mazdakis azriT, siZulvilsa
da urTierTmtrobas iwvevda materialuri uTanabroba, simdidrisa da siRatakis gverdigverd
arseboba. mazdaki moiTxovda qonebis gaTanasworebas, agreTve, qalis uflebrivi mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebas, misTvis sakuTrebis flobisa da gankargvis uflebis miniWebas. mazdakis moZRvreba
male gavrcelda mosaxleobis dabal fenebSi da mZlavr ajanyebaSi gadaizarda. ajanyebulebi
arbevdnen warCinebulTa saxlebs, itacebdnen maT qonebas... saboloo jamSi, ajanyeba marcxiT
dasrulda. mazdaki da misi mravali mimdevari ki sikvdiliT iqnen dasjilni.

davaleba 3
1. imsjele mazdakis moZraobis gamomwvev mizezebze.
2. Seafase mazdakis moZRvrebis socialuri Sinaarsi.
69

qarTlis samefo VI saukuneSi

imsjele, ra mniSvneloba hqonda am zavs bizantia-iranisa da saqarTvelosTvis.

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

VI
saukunis
bolosaTvis
sparseTis Zalaufleba qarTlSi
TandaTan sustdeba:

qarTlis samefo VI saukuneSi

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

wyaro 6
`iqmnes SfoTi didi sparseTs
Sina~.
`esreT ra ucalo iqnes sparsni,
maSin SeiTqunes erisTavni qarTlisani,
zemoni da qvemoni, da wargzavnes
mociquli winaSe berZenTa mefisa,
da iTxoves, raTa uCinos mefe
naTesavTagan qarTlisaTa da raTa
sur. 2.2.4.3. bizantia da sparseTi.
iyvnes erisTavni igi Tvis-Tvissa
saerisTavosa Seucvlelad. maSin keisarman aRasrula, Txovna maTi, da mosca mefed... romelsa erqua
guaram, romeli mTavrobda klarjeTs da javaxeTs... amas guarams misca keisarman kurapalatoba da
warmogzavna mcxeTas~.
`qarTlis cxovreba~.

sxva wyaroebi guaramsa da mis memkvidreebs mefeebad ar moixsenieben.

wyaro 7
`Sekrba qarTli ganaCines erisTavad guaram didi. ese iyo pirveli erisTavi~.
`moqcevai qarTlisai~.

`mTavrobda gurgeni (guaramis momdevno xelisufali), xolo iberTa dedaqalaqi maSin tfilisi
iyo~.
Teofane bizantieli, VI saukunis istorikosi.

kiTxvebi
1. ra pirobas uyeneben erisTavebi bizantiis imperators?
2. rogor fiqrob, ratom daTanxmda imperatori erisTavebis moTxovnebs?
3. rogor fiqrob, guaramisa da misi memkvidreebis xelisufleba mefisas Seesabameba Tu erisTavTerisTavisas, anu `erismTavrisas~?
4. riT gansxvavdeba mefisa da erismTavris xelisufleba erTmaneTisgan?

davaleba 4
wyaros safuZvelze imsjele qarTlis mmarTvelobiT xasiaTze; miiCnev Tu ara mas srulyofilad?
daasabuTe Seni mosazreba.

qarTli gansakuTrebiT gaZlierebuli Cans stefanoz I-is mmarTvelobisas (daaxl.

593_604 ww.). misi xelisufleba mTlianad moicavs sparselTa politikuri gavlenisagan
srulad ganTavisuflebul aRmosavleT saqarTvelos.
wyaro 8
`... sparseTSi bizantielTa wyalobiT gamefebuli xosro II keTilganwyobil atmosferos
qmnis qristianTa mimarT da qristianoba iq mazdianizms upirispirdeba. meore mxriv bizantia,
romelic didi xania ibrZoda qarTlis dasaufleblad, dainteresebuli unda yofiliyo qarTlis
siZlieriT Tavisi Crdilo-aRmosavleTi periferiis da, kerZod, lazikis usafrTxoebisaTvis,
romlis mimarT iranis pretenziebi, ra Tqma unda, bizantiis samefo kars kargad axsovda. aseTi
politikuri viTareba qarTlisaTvis, misi kulturuli da politikuri aRorZinebisaTvis, friad
xelsayreli iyo da es ar SeiZleboda ar gamoeyenebina mis gamgebels~.
d. musxeliSvili

damoukidebeli samuSao
imsjele im sagareo faqtorebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac xeli Seuwyves qarTlis kulturul da
politikur aRmavlobas.
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saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

5. egrisis (lazikis) samefo IV-VI saukuneebSi
IV-V saukuneebis bizantiuri wyaroebi kolxeTs egrisad moixseniebdnen _ `kolxeTi
aris igive egrisi... ~. mas aseve lazikasac uwodebdnen.
`afSilebi da abazgebi... ZvelTaganve lazTa qveSevrdomebi arian... ~.
prokopi kesarieli.

`arc lazebi da arc TviT svanebi ar miiCneven sadavod, TiTqos svaneTi winaT lazTa
qveSevrdomebi ar yofiliyos, arc imas, rom svaneTis mmarTvels lazTa mefis gadawyvetilebiT
eniWeboda Zalaufleba~.
menande protiqtori, bizantieli istorikosi.

kiTxvebi
1. ra saxis gaerTianebad warmogvidgeba lazika?
2. garda CamoTvlilisa, Seni azriT, kidev romel qarTvelur tomebsa da
kuTxeebs moicavda lazTa samefo?

es sainteresoa:
egrisi sityva `egridan~, igive `megridan~, momdinareobs da aRniSnavs
`megrTa~ e. i. megrelTa saxelmwifos. es ki imas niSnavs,rom egrisis samefo,
romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze mcxovrebi sxvadasxva
qarTveluri tomebisagan Sedgeboda, megruli modgmis tomTa hegemonobiT
Seiqmna da SemdegSiac, isini am saxelmwifoSi wamyvan politikur Zalas
warmoadgendnen. rac Seexeba lazebs, isini megrelebisgan eTnikursur. 2.2.5.1. lazikis droSa.
tomobrivad TiTqmis arc ganirCeodnen.

wyaro 2
`puri maT (svanebs) kolxTa mefisagan egzavnebodaT... ~.
`(lazika) Seicavs mravals mWidrod dasaxlebul sofels... Rvinoc kargi modis da sxva
nayofic iq kargad xarobs... ~.
`(lazebi) mudam awarmoebdnen pontoSi mcxovreb romaelebTan sazRvao vaWrobas... ~.
prokopi kesarieli.

`svanebis sardali emorCileboda lazs da masTan aRricxuli iyo saxarko siaSi da lazi
kidevac iRebda misgan futkris nayofs da tyavebs da zog sxva ramesac... ~.
menandre protiqtori.

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egrisis (lazikis) samefo IV-VI saukuneebSi

egrisis gaZlierebas im drois saerTaSoriso politikuri viTarebac uwyobda xels.

romis imperia IV saukunis II naxevridan axlo aRmosavleTSi TandaTan Tmobs poziciebs.
aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi Zlierdeba iranis politikuri gavlena. sparseTi axla ukve
SavizRvispireTSic gegmavs gabatonebas, rac regionidan romis imperiis gaZevebis tolfasi
iqneboda.
im viTarebaSi, rodesac roms aRar ZaluZs daicvas Tavisi mokavSireebi `sparsuli
safrTxisagan~, Zalauneburad Tanxmdeba mokavSireebis gaZlierebas, im pirobiT, rom isini
imperiasTan `megobrul~ urTierTobas SeinarCunebdnen.
lazikis mimarT sakuTari interesi hqonda sparseTsac. Sahi kargad acnobierebda, rom
egrisSi gabatonebaze:
`iqneboda damokidebuli,
rom
mosazRvre barbarosebma yovel weliwads arbion romaelTa
miwa-wyali. Tqven albaT iciT (eubnebian Sahs mrCevlebi),
_ rom lazTa qveyana dRemde kavkasiis mTebis safars
warmoadgens... agreTve, lazikis mezoblad mosaxle
hunebisganac sparsTa saxelmwifo samudamod daurbeveli
iqneboda... kavkasiaSi mosaxle barbarosebisaTvis lazike
sur. 2.2.5.2.
aris mxolod sawinaaRmdego tixari...~ (prokopi kesarieli).
lazika.
lazika sxva mxrivac iyo ucxoTaTvis mimzidveli:

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

wyaro 1

saqarTvelo IV - XUI saukuneebSi

davaleba 1

saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

1. imsjele im pirobebze, romlebmac xeli Seuwyves lazikis samefos gaZlierebas.

2. teqstisa da wyaro 2-is mixedviT ra faqtorebma ganapiroba romisa da sparseTis daintereseba
lazikis samefoTi?

lazika kulturuladac dawinaurebuli qveyanaa. misi dedaqalaqia cixe-goji, igive

arqeopolisi.
wyaro 3
`arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad
gamovlenili iqna qalaqis grandiozuli
safortifikacio (samxedro-TavdacviTi)
sistema, Sida qalaqis teritoriaze _
ori abanos Senoba, romelTagan erTi,
Tavisi gegmarebis sirTuliT, daxvewili
arqiteqturuli formebiT, gamoirCeva
yvela msgavsi amavdroindeli nagebobisagan
saqarTvelos teritoriaze... qalaqis
qveda teritoriaze ganlagebuli iyo
sasaxle, sameurneo nagebobani da IVV saukuneebis uZvelesi eklesiebi. ar
qeologiuri masala, romelic Seicavs
adgilobriv keramikul nawarms (Wur
sur. 2.2.5.3. cixe-goji.
Weli, kramitebi), minis
nakeTobebs
(WurWeli, fanjris minebi), rkinis iaraRis (isris wverebi, javSnis firfitebi, danebi) da importuli
masalac, aSkarad mowmobs, rom IV-V saukuneebis cixe-goji warmoadgens msxvil qalaqur dasaxlebas,
administraciul-politikur, saeklesio da savaWro-saxelosno centrs~.
d. musxeliSvili.

davaleba 2

egrisis (lazikis) samefo IV-VI saukuneebSi

gaixsene dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebi; wyaro 3-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe Zveli qalaqi _
CamoTvale mTavari nagebobebi, aRwere mosaxleobis ZiriTadi saqmianoba.

rogorc viciT, 523 wlis ajanyebas qarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis gauqmeba da sparseTis
uSualo mmarTvelobis damyareba mohyva. sparseTi axla ukve daufaravad acxadebda pretenziebs
dasavleT saqarTvelozec.
bizantiam,lazikis SesanarCuneblad,gazarda iq Tavisi laSqris raodenoba da strategosebis
Zalaufleba, rasac egrisis mefeTa xelisuflebis dasustebasTan erTad adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis mdgomareobis gauaresebac mohyva.
Seviwroebuli lazebi bizantiis mimarT mxardaWeras sul ufro naklebad amJRavnebdnen.
isini sparseT-bizantiis dapirispirebis procesSi TiTqos ganze gadgnen da bizantielebs
samxedro mxardaWeras ar ucxadebdnen.
wyaro 4
`mefem gadawyvita gaegzavna jari da sardali irene. iberiis sazRvrebidan rom Sedixar, iqvea
lazebis miwa. wyalze ori simagrea, romelTa dacva ZvelTaganve adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis
sazrunavs Seadgenda... iq ar modis arc xorbali, arc Rvino da arc sxva ram sikeTe. sxva
adgilidan risame Semozidva, viwrobebis wyalobiT, SeiZleba mxolod ise, Tu kacebi TviTon
moitanen... (bizantiis imperatorma undoblobis gamo) gamoiyvana iqidan es mcvelebi da romael
jariskacebs ubrZana simagreebis sadarajoze damdgariyvnen. Tavdapirvelad maT lazebi awodebdnen
Zlivs-ZliobiT saWiro sursaTs, magram Semdeg maT uari ganacxades am samsaxurze da romaelebma
es simagreebi datoves; isini xelT igdes sparselebma sruliad gaurjelad... ~.
prokopi kesarieli.

safrTxis moaxloebasTan erTad, bizantia

sul ufro metad ereva egrisis saSinao
saqmeebSi da VI saukunis dasawyisSi faqtobrivad iqvemdebarebs kidec mas.
72