istoriuli cnobebi profesiuli medicinis Sesaxeb

janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze Sromis mavne pirobebis uaryofiT gavlenaze

calkeuli cnobebi jer kidev Cvens welTaRricxvamde (VI-V ss) egviptur
damwerlobaSi, Zveli saberZneTis da romeeli mwerlebis (aristotele, hipokrate,
ovidiusi, lukreciusi, galena, plutarqe da sxv.) nawarmoebebSi moipoveba. SromiT
saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli daavadebebis Sesaxeb gvxvdeba egviptis papirusebSi
(e.w. higienis kanonTa krebuli – Zv.w. 1200). erTeuli cnobebi Sromis
araxelsayreli gavlenis Sesaxeb dasaqmebulTa janmrTelobaze gvxvdeba
Zvelegviptur damwerlobaSi. faraon Zoser–is (Zveli samefo III dinastiis pirveli
mefe, 2780 w. qristeSobamde) veziri - Imhotep, egviptis pirveli piramidis
arqiteqtori da amSenebeli, iyo, amasTan, qurumi da eqimi. man pirvelma aRwera
piramidis mSeneblebSi profesiuli dazianebebis SemTxvevebi “xerxemlis malebis
myesTa daWimvis” saxiT (Brant Rauf and Brant Rauf 1987).
aristoteles da lukreciusis naSromebSi aRwerilia vercxlisa da oqros
sabadoebis maRaroelTa Soris mZime daavadebebis SemTxvevebi. ovidiusi da
plutarqe metalurgebis da dabaRebis Sromis mZime pirobebiT gamowveul naadrev
sikvdilianobaze werdnen.
hipokratem (Cv. w. aR. 460-377 w.w.) Tavis traqtatSi “Air, Waters, Places”,
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWa garemos faqtorebs daavadebaTa ganviTarebis
etiologiaSi (Huanter 1969). amasTan, hipokrates droindeli medicina ar
konkretdeboda profesiul mavneobebze. hipokrates yuradReba maRaroelTa Soris
sikvdilianobis maRalma donem miipyro. man pirvelma miuTiTa tyviis mtvris mavne
moqmedebaze, Seadgina im droisaTvis tyviasTan kontaqtSi momuSave pirTa nusxa da
“tyviismieri Wvalis” klinikuri suraTi aRwera. bunebrivia, rom aRniSnuli
cnobebi erTeul da usistemo xasiaTs atarebdnen. hipokrates da galenis (Cv.w.aR.
130-201) SromebSi aRwerilia daavadebebi sxvadasxva profesiis dasaqmebulebSi,
rogoric arian metalurgebi, mTelavebi, TerZebi, mxedrebi, soflis meurneobis
muSakebi, maRaroelebi, dabaRebi, meafTiaqeebi da sxv.
profesiul janmrTelobas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca Sua
saukuneebSi. Georgius Agrikola (1494-1555), farTod aRwera bohemiasa da sileziis
maRaroelebis da oqros da vercxlis mdnobelebis daavadebebi. 12 wignisgan
Semdgar naSromSi ,,samTo saqmis da metalurgiis Sesaxeb~ (“De Re Metallica”), romelSic
mtvris SesunTqvis Sedegad maRaroelTa Soris ganviTarebuli mZime profesiuli daavadebebi aRwera. igi
aRwers maRaroelTa filtvebis tuberkulozsac (Huanter 1969).
aRorZinebis xanis tiroleli eqimisa da qimikosis Paracelsus (1493-1541), Tavis
sam SromaSi saxelwodebiT”On Miners’ Sickness and Other Miners’ Diseases” aRwers
maRaroelTa filtvebis daavadebas, damaxasiaTebeli cxelebiT, qoSiniT, xvelebiTa
da wonaSi daklebiT. mdnobelebis da metalurgebis davaadebebs da
vercxliswyliT gamowveul paTologias (Huanter 1969). paracelsiusma yuradReba
miaqcia Sromis mZime pirobebiTa da xSiri avadmyofobiT gamowveul maRaroelTa
sicocxlis xanmokleobas , TviT paracelsiusis naadrev sikvdils istorikosebi
ukavSireben mis muSaobas tirolis samTo-metalurgiul warmoebaSi.
XVII saukuneSi gamoqveynda martin ponsis, Semdgom ki Stokhauzenis Sromebi,
romelSic aRwerili iyo maRaros muSebisa da liTonis dnobaze momuSaveTa
daavdebebi, maT Soris tyviiT moSxamvis SemTxvevebi.
profesiuli medicinis fuZemdebelad iTvleba italieli eqimi Bernardino
Ramazzini (1633-1714). man pirvelma moawoda termini ,,profesiuli daavadeba~.
literaturul wyaroebSi igi xSirad moixsenieba rogorc “profesiuli medicinis
mamamTavari”. ramazinim 1659 wels daamTavra parmis universiteti da
xelmZRvanelobda kaTedras modenasa (1670) da paduaSi (1700). misi naSromi “De Morbis
Artificium Diatriba” - “xelosnebis daavadebebis Sesaxeb”, romelic pirvelad gamoaqveyna
1700 wels da ganmeorebiT gamosca 1713 wels, TiTqmis mTlianad eZRvneboda
profesiul medicinis sakiTxebs (Felton 1997) da warmoadgens profesiuli medicinis
pirvel saxelmZRvanelos. ,,profesiuli medicinis mamis~ saxeliT cnobili
italieli eqimisa da mecnieris, praqtikuli medicinis profesoris bernardino
ramacinis mier 1700 w. gamoqveynebul SromaSi `xelosnebis daavadebebis Sesaxeb~.
masSi aRwerilia 70 profesiis muSaTa Sromis higienisa da profesiuli
daavadebebis sakiTxebi. es wigni Sromis higienisa da profesiuli daavadebebis
Sesaxeb im epoqis codnis enciklopedias warmoadgens.ramazinis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani aforizmi imeorebs eqimebisadmi hipokrates Segonebas, Tumca axali
interpretaciiT warmoadgens mas. hipokrate eqims avaldebulebda avadmyofis
gamokiTxviT daezustebina zogierTi yofiTi sakiTxi, romelic daavadebis
etiologiuri faqtoris dazustebaSi da diagnostikaSi daexmareboda mas: “roca
Tqven mixvalT pacientis saxlSi, SeekiTxeT mas tkivilis saxeobis Sesaxeb, ra
warmoSobisaa, ramdeni dRea avadaa, ra sakvebi Wama da rogor funqcionirebs
nawlavebi”. hipokrates naSromidan am citatis moyvanis Semdeg ramazini azustebs:
“me gavbedavdi damematebina erTi SekiTxvac “ra samuSaos asrulebs is? – What
occupations does he follow?”. Tavis naSromebSi ramazini iZleva profesiuli daavadebebis
sxvadasxva nozologiuri formebis aRweras, romelsac dResac vxvdebiT. man, erT-
erTma pirvelma mniSvneloba mianiWa daavadebis prevenciisa da gamomwvevi
faqtoris kontrolis principebs. is werda mtvrian sawarmoebSi ventilaciis
aucileblobaze da iwunebda samuSao adgilebze Seuferebel temperaturas,
daJinebiT moiTxovda xalvaT, ventilirebul oTaxebs, rekomendacias uwevda
dasvenebis intervalebis gamoyenebas xangrZlivi muSaobisas da saerTo
mdgomareobis, poziciis koreqcias.
profesiuli medicinis Semdgom ganviTarebaze Rrma zegavlena moaxdina da
misi Semdgomi winsvla ganapiroba meTvramete saukunis revoluciam (Huanter 1969). am
periodSi dasavleT evropaSi dramatuli socialuri da ekonomikuri cvlilebebi
ganviTarda. es transformaciebi siaxlis Semomtani iyo warmoebis procesebSi.
iqmneboda manufaqturebi, rac ganapirobebda gardamtex socialur cvlilebebs
mosaxleobis im kontingentSi, romelic odesRac soflis meurneobaSi iyo
dasaqmebuli. industriuli revoluciis Sedegad samuSao adgilebi urbanuli
centrebis warmoebebSi iqmneboda. xdeboda sazogadoebis axali fenis warmoSoba –
damoukidebeli muSis fenomenis warmoqmna. faqtia is, rom industrializaciam
yvelaze mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina sazogadoebis janmrTelobaze; warmoiSva
socialuri da janmrTelobis axali problemebi. warmoebaSi muSa muSaobda
xangrZlivad da ar kontroldeboda profesiuli mavne faqtorebi; maRali iyo
samuSaoze ubeduri SemTxvevebis ganviTarebis riski. bavSvTa Sroma da
axalgazrdaTa Segirdoba iyo Cveulebrivi movlena da ar arsebobda SromiTi
kanonmdebloba.
evropaSi profesiuli medicinis kanonmdebloba Camoyalibebas iwyebs me-18
saukunis bolos da viTardeba janmrTelobis dacvisa da samarTlianobis
mimarTulebiT. industriuli gardaqmnebi msoflios sxva nawilebSi mogvianebiT
moxda. iaponiaSi, Soreul aRmosavleTSi igive sakiTxebi mogvianebiT, me-19
saukuneSi, wamoiWra – (Tsuchiya, 1991).
XIX saukunis meore naxevarsa da XX saukunis
dasawyisSi msxvili mrewvelobis zrda-ganvitarebam axali
profesiebisa da axali profesiuli mavneobebis warmoSoba
gamoiwvia. aman xeli Seuwyo profesiul daavadebaTa
calkeuli formebis farTo da Rrma Seswavlas, romelTa
daxasiaTeba warmodgenilia hirtis, lemanis, telekis,
kiolSia, oliveris, legas, bredfordis, hilis, laietis,
broidelis, devotos, karozis, hamiltonis, drinkenis da
sxvaTa naSromebsa da saxelmZRvaneloebSi.
sawarmoo faqtorebisagan gamowveuli pirveli
simsivne aRweril iqna Percival Pott-is mier 200 wlis win
(Doll, 1975). simsivnis es forma (skin cancer of the scrotum)
uviTardebodaT buxris sakvamuris mwmendavebs da
2

melenti yuraSvili
gamowveulia organuli naerTebis wviT warmoSobili policikluri aromatuli
hidrokarbonis Semcveli Wvartlis moqmedebiT. simsivnis ganviTarebis sixSiris
Semcireba SeiZleba piradi higienis wesebis dacviT. evropaSi yvelaze adre, 1788 w-
s, jandacvis kanonmdeblobis pirveli aqti SemuSavda inglisSi da Camoyalibda
“buxris mwmendavebis da maTi Segirdebis Sromis gaumjobesebis da wesebis
dadgenilebis” (“Act for Better Regulation of Chimnay Sweeps and their Apprentics”) saxiT. am
aqtiT wesdeboda buxris mwmendavebis minimaluri asaki – 8 weli, zedamxedvelobis
uzrunvelyofa da saCivrebis ganxilva, aqti avaldebulebda ostats “ar
mopyrobodnen cudad da borotad” Segirdebs. akanonebda da aiZulebda ostats
“kviraSi erTxel safuZvlianad daebanaT da gasufTavebuliyvnen Wvartlisa da
WuWyisagan”, uzrunvelyofda zedamxedvelobas da awesebda jarimas kanonis
darRvevisaTvis.
profesiuli janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxi viTardeba sazogadoebis
ganviTarebasTan erTad. Zalian mniSvnelovania Sromis pirobebis dRevandeli
Sepirispireba ori saukunis winandelTan. buxris mwmendavebis avadoba da
sikvdilianoba jer kidev maRalia. skandinavieli buxris mwmendavebis
janmrTlobis Seswavlam aCvena, rom ufro wamoiwia win gulmkerdis dazianebis
simptomebma (Hansen, 1990) da moimata filtvebis, Sardis buStis da saylapavis
simsivneebisgan sikvdilianobam (Evanoff et al, 1983).
1991 wels, the Commission of the European Commities (1992) ganixila da Seajama 12500
adamianis janmrTelobis kvlevis Sedegebi, rac warmoadgenda evrokavSiris 12
qveynis dasaqmebul nacionalur populacias.
ganxilvis ZiriTadi monapovaria Semdegi cifrebi:
 gamokvleuli muSebis 42% fiqrobs, rom maTi janmrTeloba dazianebulia
an SeiZleba daziandes maTi samuSao garemos Sedegad;
 gamokvleulTa 40% Sexeba aqvs samuSao garemoSi riskis faqtorTan;
 4-dan 1 muSa ukmayofiloa sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobis an
janmrTelobis dacvis formis;
 dasaqmebulTa 27% ganicdis sawarmoo mowyobilobebis (danadgarebis)
zemoqmedebas samuSao drois ¼-Si mainc;
 gamokvleulTa 84% Tvlida, rom sawamoo SemTxvevebi da profesiuli
daavadebebi iyo Cveulebrivi da farTod gavrcelebuli maT qveyanaSi;
 dasaqmebulTa 14% moiazrebs sawarmoo SemTxvevebsa da profesiul
daavadebebs kompetenturi nacionaluri organizaciebis kompetenciis
sferoSi.

profesiuli medicinis ganviTarebis Sefasebisas, Axelson (1997) werda, rom

“prevenciuli RonisZiebebi xSirad iyo da axlac aris uzrunvelyofili an
Seferxebuli ekonomikuri mdomareobiT”. amasTan, dasaqmebulTa janmrTelobis
dacvis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebeli xdeba kanonmdeblobis sxvadasxva formiT
SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba.
cudi samuSao pirobebi ganapirobeben janmrTelobis darRvevis did risks.
praqtikulad dRes profesiuli janmrTelobis praqtikis qvakuTxedia
dasaqmebulTa janmrTelobis dacva da janmrTelobis xelSewyoba. bevr qveyanaSi
am mimarTulebiT muSaoba moicavs rogorc muSis, aseve misi ojaxis wevrebis
janmrTelobaze zrunvasac.

profesiuli medicinis pirveli klinika daarsda q. milanSi (1910 w). eqim

devotis mier. amis Semdeg profesiul daavadebaTa Seiqmna fineTSi, iaponiaSi,
espaneTSi, did britaneTSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi da amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi.

profpaTologiuri skolis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi safuZveli daedo

cnobili qarTveli mecnieris, profesor nikoloz maxvilaZis (1890-1944)
3
 iniciativiT profesiul daavadebaTa Semswavleli poliklinikis daarsebis Semdeg
1926 wels. germaniidan dabrunebis Semdeg prof. n. maxvilaZem muSebisaTvis pirveli
profesiul daavdebaTa Semswavleli poliklinika daars, romlis funqciebi
imTaviTve imdenad mniSvnelovani da mravalferovani aRmoCnda, rom ukve 1927 wels
mis bazaze daarsda Sromis higienisa da profesiul daavadebaTa samecniero-
kvleviTi instituti (amJamad n. maxvilaZis saxelobis Sromis medicinisa da
ekologiis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti). misi direqtori
sicocxlis bolomde iyo prof. n. maxvilaZe, xolo
gardacvalebis Semdeg instituts misi saxeli mieniWa.
profesiuli paTologiis ganyofilebas kvleviT institutSi
daarsebidan saTaveSi Caudga cnobili qarTveli klinicisti
da sazogado moRvawe, qarTuli profpaTologiis fuZemdebeli,
qarTvel profpaTologTa mravali taobis moamage da
aRmzrdeli maka (mariam) maCabeli (1892-1967). fasdaudebelia m.
maCabelis Rvawli qarTuli profpaTologiuri skolis
Camoyalibebis saqmeSi. misi mecnieruli da praqtikuli
interesebis diapazoni metad didi iyo, magram mis umTavres
samecniero aRmoCenas udavod msoflio literaturaSi
pirvelad 1951 wels eqsperimentsa da klinikaSi dadgenili da
nikoloz maxvilaZe aRwerili manganumismieri pnevmokoniozi warmoadgens.amJamad
pnevmokoniozis es saxe samedicino literaturaSi
sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli da metalokoniozebis jgufs miekuTvneba.
qarTuli profpaTologiuri skolis Semdgom ganviTarebaSi didi roli
Seasrula gamoCenilma qarTvelma mecnierma, pedagogma da sazogado moRvawem,
profesorma salome yifianma (1911-1972). igi 1962-1972 wlebSi saTaveSi Caudga
qarTul profpaTologiur skolas da samecniero-kvleviTi institutis samecniero
nawils, aqtiuri kontaqtebi daamyara samrewvelo medicinis mraval centrTan da
specializebul profpaTologiur klinikasTan, Tvisobrivad axal safexurze
aiyvana qarTuli profpaTologiuri skolis mecnieruli da praqtikuli
moRvaweoba. profpaTologiis mravalaspeqts Seexo s. yifianis mecnieruli kvleva,
magram mis mTavar damsaxurebas samxareo wiaRiseulis mtvriT gamowveuli
profesiuli paTologiis dadgena warmoadgenda. kerZod, s. yifianma eqsperimentsa
da klinikaSi pirvelad daadgina da aRwera (1958-1968 w.w.) saqarTvelos
aramadneuli wiaRiseulis mtvriT (andeziti, bariti, askaniti) gamowveuli
pnevmokoniozebis da mtvrismieri bronqitis klinikuri suraTi, Camoayaliba maTi
maTi diagnostikis, mkurnalobisa d aprofilaqtikis kompleqsebi, aRwera
pnevmokoniozis e.w. rentgenamdeli stadia; man Camoayaliba praqtikosi eqimebis,
mkvlevarebisa da pedagogebis soliduri skola profpaTologiaSi.

s. yifianma Seqmna qarTveli praqtikosi eqimebis,

mkvlevarebisa da pedagogebis soliduri profaTologiuri
skola. mas 1949-1972 w.w. mihyavda profesiuli paTologiis
kursi Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino institutSi. 1957
wels m. maCablis da s. yifianis TanaavtorobiT Seiqmna
pirveli qarTuli saxelmZRvanelo profesiul paTologiaSi,
xolo mogvianebiT _ s. yifianis redaqciiT _ originaluri
saxelmZRvanelo eqimTa da studentTaTvis `profesiul
daavadebebi~ (1973 w).
1973 wlidan Seiqmna Sromis higienisa da profesiul
daavadebaTa kaTedra, romlis pirvel gamged arCeul iqna misi
Camomyalibebeli, cnobili Sromis higienisti profesori
salome yifiani melenti yuraSvili. xolo 1991 wlidan kaTedras saTaveSi
Caudga profesori vadim saakaZe (mis mier momzadda da gamoica
profesiuli daavadebebis originaluri saxelmZRvanelo (2000 w.). 2002 wlidan
4
aRniSnuli kaTedris SemadgenlobaSi Semavali disciplinebi gaerTianda garemos
higienisa da profesiul daavadebaTa, SemdgomSi (2006 w-dan) garemos
janmrTelobisa da profesiuli medicinis mimarTulebis SemadgenlobaSi (kaTedris
gamge _ prof. r. kverenCxilaZe).
m. maCablis da s. yifianis mowafeebma gaagrZeles profesiuli medicinis
prioritetuli mimarTulebebis Semdgomi ganviTareba: saqarTvelos mrewvelobasa
da soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebulTa janmrTelobis dacva, profesiuli
paTologiis nozologiuri formebis ganviTarebis meqanizmebis, profesiuli
paTologiis formirebis sxvadasxva fazaSi adaptaciuri, sakompensacio da
paTologiuri reaqciebis gansazRvra, klinikis, adreuli diagnostikis meTodebis
dadgena, samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri da sareabilitacio RonisZiebebis
SemuSaveba da praqtikul jandacvaSi danergva, mZime mainvalidebeli formebis
prevencia, maRalkvalificiur specialistTa kadrebis momzadeba. am TvalsazrisiT
yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda saqarTvelos samxareo
paTologiis problemebis kvlevas qveynis mrewvelobisa da soflis meurneobis
specifikur dargebSi (manganumis, naturaluri abreSumis, andezitis, baritis,
bentonituri Tixebis, samSeneblo masalebis, Tambaqos, Cais, tungos, pesticidebis
da sxv.). Seiqmna samamulo profesiuli Terapiuli, nevrologiuri,
alergologiuri, ofTalmologiuri, dermatologiuri, otorinolaringologiuri
skolebi.
institutisa da departamentis specialistebis mier profesiuli medicinis
mimarTulebiT Catarebuli samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobis Sedegad dadginda
sxvadasxva profesiuli mavneobiT (Tambaqos da manganumis aerozolebi, sawarmoo
vibracia) gamowveuli gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemis specifikuri da araspecifikuri
reaqciebi (m. wereTeli, r. TaTaraZe). mniSvnelovnad gamdidrda saerTo warmodgena
vibraciul daavadebaze, rogorc mTliani organizmis paTologiaze, romlis
drosac damaxasiaTebelia cvlilebebi kuWsa da RviZlSi (f. labaZe), pankreasSi (r.
manjaviZe), mxedvelobis analizatorSi (a. CageliSvili).
qarTveli specialistebis mier Seswavlilia saqarTvelos erovnuli
meurneobis ZiriTadi sawarmoebis muSakTa Sromis pirobebi, dadgenilia
profesiul faqtorTa speqtri da maTi ganviTarebis meqanizmebi, dasaxulia maTi
gaumjobesebis RonisZiebebi. kerZod, Seswavlilia mrewvelobis wamyvani dargebis
sawarmoebi: samTomadno (l. qvarcxava, g. gabunia, v. royva, T. gelovani, m. arabiZe, m.
qvaTaZe, a. Ciqovani, m. riJinaSvili, q. xvadagiani), metalurgiuli (m. yuraSvili, T.
CixlaZe, m. arabiZe, m. qvaTaZe, a. Ciqovani, m. riJinaSvili, q. xvadagiani, n.
tatalaSvili, n. patiaSvili), manqanaTmSeneblobis (v. royva, m. arabiZe, m. qvaTaZe, a.
Ciqovani, m. riJinaSvili, q. xvadagiani, n. patiaSvili), saSen masalaTa (r.
kverenCxilaZe, v. matataSvili, i. Ciqovani, m. arabiZe, a. Ciqovani), qimiuri (v. royva,
l. baqraZe, g. kverenCxilaZe, maia cimakuriZe, a. Ciqovani, m. arabiZe, m. qvaTaZe),
kvebis (n. kverenCxilaZe, m. riJinaSvili, m. arabiZe, m. qvaTaZe, a. Ciqovani, n.
tatalaSili) mrewvelobis sawarmoebi; soflis meurneobis gadamamuSavebeli
mrewvelobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi: Tambaqos (g. kvanWaxaZe, z. ziraqiSvili, a.
Ciqovani, m. arabiZe, m. qvaTaZe), naturaluri abreSumis (a. xerodinaSvili, g.
CinCalaZe, n. lomTaTiZe, m. cimakuriZe), Cais (o. jangavaZe) sawarmoebi, soflis
meurneobis wamyavani mimarTulebebi _ meCaieoba (a. WiabriSvili, g. rasulzade-
kvanWaxaZe), mecitruseoba (a. mindoraSvili), mevenaxeoba (r. manjaviZe), sasaTbure
meurneoba (i. Ciqovani, r. manjaviZe, d. agamirzova) da sxv. Tvisobrivad axal
doneze avida pnevmokoniozebis Seswavla (daarsda silikozis ganyofileba,
romelsac xelmZRvanelobdnen damsaxurebuli eqimebi T. togoniZe da n. gabriaZe),
Seiqmna silikozis sawinaaRmdego komisia saqarTvelos teqnikuri zedamxedvelobis
inspeqciasTan erTad (n. gabriaZis xelmZRvanelobiT). ganviTarda sawarmoo
aerozolebiT gamowveuli sunTqvis organoebis profesiuli paTologiis
Seswavlisa da prevenciis mimarTulebebi (T. togoniZe, l. gobroniZe, l. kacitaZe,

5
b. WipaSvili, d. agamirzova, o. sadovaia, n. dubinskaia). damtkicda, rom
saqarTveloSi klasikuri bisinozis SemTxvevebi ar viTardeba (e. grZeliZe).
Seswavlilia saqarTvelos erovnuli meurneobis ZiriTad dargebSi
dasaqmebul qalTa janmrTelobaze profesiul faqtorTa gavlena da dasaxulia
maTi profilaqtikis RonisZiebebi (j. ciciSvili, r. kverenCxilaZe, r. golovnia),
SemuSavebulia mozardTa Sromis racionaluri organizaciis mecnieruli
safuZvlebi (n. rostombekova).
farTo maStabiT tardeba saqarTvelos samrewvelo da sasoflo-sameurneo
obieqtebSi dasaqmebulTa profesiuli, profesiiT ganpirobebuli da saerTo
avadobis epidemiologiuri kvlevebi (i. coxeli, a. xerodinaSvili, v. badaSvili, v.
durovi, v. matataSvili, a. mindoraSvili, s. akopova-TeTraZe, v. lomesi, n. CxaiZe).

institutSi 2000 wels Camoyalibuli

profilaqtikuri toqsikologiis ganyofilebis
(xelmZRvaneli i. Rvineria) kvlevebis
mimarTulebebia: qimiuri etiologiis
intoqsikaciebis modelis Seqmna, maTi
diagnostika da biologiuri moqmedebis
meqanizmebis dadgena, organizmze moqmedebis Soreuli
Sedegebis Seswavla, qimiur
nivTierebaTa da
samkurnalo
preparatebis
organizmze
zemoqmedebis Soreuli
Sedegebis
prognozireba maTi
toqsikurobis
daCqarebuli Sefasebisa revaz manjgalaZe samuSao
zonis haeris higienuri
normirebis mizniT, qimiuri usafrTxoebis sistemis
Teoriuli, meTodologiuri da praqtikuli safuZvlebis
da samarTlebrivi bazis srulyofa, qveynis mier
aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso organizaciebis (WHO, ILO,
vera vaSakiZe FAO, WTO, EC da sxv.) dokumentebis da direqtivebis
moTxovnaTa safuZvelze, SemuSavebulia saerTaSoriso
dokumentebTan harmonizebuli mTeli rigi sawarmoo toqsikantebis higienuri
reglamentebi. safuZveli Caeyara sawarmoo toqsikantebis reproduqciul
janmrTelobaze gavlenis Seswavlas (r. manjgalaZe, v. vaSakiZe).
pirvelad dadginda fenoliT qronikuli profesiuli intoqsikaciis
klinikuri suraTi, diagnostikis, mkurnalobis da profilaqtikis Taviseburebani
(n. kakauriZe).
axali samecniero faqtebiT gaamdidra da daxvewa profpaTologiuri
mecniereba rentgenologiuri (T. mgelaZe) da bioqimiuri (T. kakulia) kvlevis
Sedegebma.
mniSvnelovania qarTuli nevrologiuri profpaTologiis miRwevebi, romlis
fuZemdeblad iTvleba klinicisti - nevrologi, medicinis damsaxurebuli moRvawe,
med. mecn. kand. aleqsandra (alena) xavTasi. mis mier pirvelad samedicino
literaturaSi damtkicda cnobebi manganumiT profesiuli intoqsikaciis
ganviTarebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb manganumis maRaroelTa Soris; aRwerilia am
kontingentSi manganizmis umZimesi formebis - manganumismieri parkinsonizmis
SemTxvevebi, dazustda am intoqsikaciis klinikuri gamovlinebis gansxvavebuli
damaxasiaTebeli klinikuri sindromebi manganumis mopovebasa da gamoyenebaze
momuSaveTa Soris (a. xavTasi). dadginda manganumis naerTebis organizmze
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moqmedebis Soreuli Sedegebi, reproduqciuli, gonadotoqsikuri, embriotoqsikuri
mutagenuri efeqtebi (r. manjgalaZe). dadginda manganizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
imunologiuri statusi da Camoyalibda premanganizmis cneba am mZime profesiuli
intoqsikaciis ganviTarebis droulad Tavidan acilebis mizniT (d. zuraSvili).
dadginda manganizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli imunogenetikuri markerebis speqtri
(mar. cimakuriZe).
gafarTovda da axali simptomatologiiT Seivso vibraciuli daavadebisa da
manganizmis klinikuri suraTi vibraciis faqtorisa da manganumis maTi cal-calke
da erTdrouli moqmedebisas momuSaveTa organizmze (r. javaxaZe). Seswavlil iqna
daZabviT gamowveuli paTologia qarTuli erovnuli baletis mocekvaveTa Soris
(m. qvarcxava). gairkva mcire meqanizaciiT gamowveuli vibraciuli paTologiis
specifikuri klinikuri Taviseburebani (a. WiabriSvili).

dadginda profesiuli alergozebis gavrcelebis

suraTi, nozologiuri formebis speqtri, specifikuri
sadiagnostiko da profilaqtikis kompleqsebi. pirvelad
msoflio literaturaSi aRiwera manganumismieri
profesiuli bronquli asTma (v. saakaZe). SemuSavda da
praqtikul muSaobaSi gamoyenebul iqna sxvadasxva
sawarmoo alergeniT gamowveuli profesiuli asTmis da
misi klinikuri eqvivalentebis specifikuri diagnostikis
da mkurnalobis sqemebi (n. lomTaTiZe, b. vasilovi).
dadginda profesiuli bronquli asTmis da manganizmis (m.
cimakuriZe, d. zuraSvili, n. xaWapuriZe) imunur-
genetikuri Taviseburebani da dermatozebis imunuri
safuZvlebi (r. baraTaSvili, o. jvariSeiSvili, n.
dubinskaia). dadginda profesiuli bronquli asTmis
sxvadasxva formisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli genetikuri
vadim saakaZe markerebi qarTul populaciaSi (mar. cimakuriZe);
safuZveli Caeyara imunogenetikuri kvlevebis Sedegebis
gamoyenebas profesiuli daavadebebisa da intoqsikaciebis prevenciis mizniT (mar.
cimakuriZe, maia cimakuriZe). dadginda sawarmoo garemos riskebi da maTi
moqmedebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobis efeqtebi qimiur mrewvelobaSi, kerZod,
dariSxanis mopovebasa da warmoebaSi (l. baqraZe); amoniumis gvarjilis warmoebaSi
(maia cimakuriZe); Nnatriumis cianidis warmoebaSi (g. kverenCxilaZe).
profesiuli da saerTo daavadebebis profilaqtikis ZiriTad berkets mavne
da araxelsayrel sawarmoo faqtorebTan kontaqtSi momuSaveTa samedicino
momsaxurebis racionaluri sistemis Seqmna warmoadgens, romelic adaptirebuli
unda iyos axal ekonomikur pirobebTan. am mizniT, janmo-s monacemebiT, amJamad
msoflioSi 200-ze meti “Sromis medicinis” samsaxuris centrebi funqcionirebs,
romelic dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis Sromisa da janmrTelobis dacvas emsaxureba.am
centrebis daniSnulebaa uzrunvelyos yvela rgolis efeqturi urTierTkavSiri,
pirvel rigSi, iseTi rgolebisa, rogoricaa Sromis higiena da dcva, Sromis
fiziologia da fsiqologia, toqsikologia, profesiuli paTologia.

7
 sur. #1. garemos janmrTelobisa da profesiuli medicinis mimarTuleba
marcxnidan marjvniv. sxedan: nunu biwaZe _ laboranti; dali zuraSvili
_ docenti; revaz kverenCxilaZe _ mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli, sruli
profesori; lali baqraZe _ asocirebuli profesori; eTer maisuraZe _
laboranti; marex qvarcxava _ medicinis doqtori.
dganan: marina cimakuriZe _ asocirebuli profesori; genadi
kverenCxilaZe _ medicinis doqtori; maia cimakuriZe _ medicinis doqtori;
nino xaWapuriZe _ asistent profesori; nato xunaSvili _ doqtoranti.

8
sur. #@2. n. maxvilaZis saxelobis Sromis medicinisa da ekologiis samecniero-
kvleviTi instituti
marcxnidan marjvniv. sxedan: n. patiaSvili _ mecnier-TanamSromeli, n. CxaiZe _
epidemiologiuri ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli, medicinis doqtori, r. javaxaZe
_ institutis generaluri direqtori, medicinis doqtori, m. wereTeli _
institutis direqtoris moadgile, medicinis doqtori, m.Juruli _ mTavari
specialisti, biologiis doqtori.
dganan: x. SublaZe _ mTavari specialisti, m. qvaTaZe _ laboratoriis
xelmZRvaneli, biologiis doqtori, n. xatiaSvili _ profdaavadebaTa
samecniero ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli, m. arabiZe _ Sromis higienis
ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli, n. ruxaZe _ institutis swavlul mdivani,
medicinis doqtori, r. baraTaSvili _ specialisti, medicinis doqtori, x.
CigogiZe _ klinikis profdaavadebaTa ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli, T. oniani _
specialisti, biologiis doqtori.